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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
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THE WAR DRUM ‘W ater - responsible
futures for decentralised
M allee
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Glossary communities ’
Research Question:
How can Woomelang demonstrate a customisation of landscape variables to progress to a water-responsible future?
Sub Question:
How can the design research through water catchment demonstrations determine that the decentralised Malleean communities are worth saving?
Key Words: Woomelang Food Production Water Catchment Agriculture Mallee Revegetation Soil Conservation GWM Pipeline Decentralised Communities Outsourcing
Demonstration
The act of proving that a design will work.
Mallee
The large district in which Woomelang is in.
Customisation
To make or alter to a specific individual’s needs and specifications.
Yarriambiack
The local government of the area of Woomelang.
Community
A group of people that live in, or have regular associations with an area.
Manual
A set of instructions and formulas that can operate between a group of people.
Landscape Variables
The change or indifference in a landscape scenario.
Scenario
An irregular or alternative environment or speculated event.
Water-responsibility
A power of duty and control over a quantity of water.
Self-Sufficient
Something in which functions on its own without intervention.
Decentralised
A community which does not have access to a local resource or service.
Formula
A conventional method in which aims to provide similar outcomes.
Outsource
The act of providing a resource or service to where it is needed.
Centralise
The act of a concentrated or a provided service or resource.
Deteriorate
Something in which is decaying or diminishing over time.
Opportunity
A discovery in a circumstance in which can have positive outcomes.
Abstract For over 120 years, Mallee townships that
pursuit of a rejuvenating and more self-
are decentralised from natural water
sufficient future through the publishment
bodies have been heavily relying on expensive
of a ‘water-responsible manual’.
investments in water distribution methods
this manual the community will be engaged
in order to sustain a viable agriculture
with specific tools and formulas in order
industry and living environment.
to become a water smart society which will
Since the
By producing
Grampian Wimmera Mallee Pipeline in 2006 there have been
progress the agriculture production rather
negative changes to the conditions of the
continue to deteriorate the land.
construction of the
than a water scarce society which will
soil, the agriculture production and the
This design research proposal will analyse
The design demonstrations will work in two primary scales; The Agriculture and the Township scale, and will contend with
a decentralised landscape in order to
a dependant history of an outsource of
expose opportunities in harvesting water.
water, as well as salinity, desertification, a
The project intends to research how
declining population, and water productivity
demonstrations in water catchment systems
and security in order to indicate if the
can be re-engineered in order to address
agricultural industries and their townships
the desire for water in a specific landscape
are worth saving.
quality of life in
scenario.
Woomelang.
The design outcome will be the
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
2. Abstract 3. Glossary 6. An Introduction 8. Questioning 12. Tales
of
Us
‘The Howling Wilderness’ Timeline Tremulous Land Blood & Veins G.W.M Pipeline Adversaries Blue Gold Mutual Core Precedent Dictionary
50. Army
of
Me
Occupied Woomelang Site Opportunities Township Scale Agriculture Scale Formula A Kit of Parts Demonstrations Fog Harvest Dowsing Formula B
‘The War Drum’ by Flynn Barbary S3239000 Master in Landscape Architecture Design Research Catalogue RMIT University (2013)
78. The Rain Dance For You The Master Plan
Security Food Production Soil Conservation Agriculture Revegetation In Season The Projected Timeline Applied Birchip
118. The Fox Tree
Current Assessment A Town Worth Saving References Acknowledgements
pg
An Introduction “... It is a country that people generally know very little about, that nobody has done much good with, that has broken the banks of many men, the hearts of not a few; that contains the skeletons and ugly ghosts of many a bright dream. It is haunted by the spirit to the heritage of our desolation, it is endurable only to those who love the wilderness, or who dauntlessly labour for its redemption. It was through many years an absolute terra incognita - an unapproachable country to people of the metropolis and the tame lands of the coast...” Frances Myers. A description of the Mallee as it was in 1892.
Described as the ‘Howling Wilderness’ by settlers wandering the Mallee, it’s easy to see why pioneers such as E.H Lascelles
between farmers and townships.
were subjected to judgement and scepticism
a future of deteriorating farm land,
when they found this land faithful.
the declining water allocation and the
The
soil was amazing, great for the farming of
Are decentralised townships in the Mallee too incapable to continue to survive from
abandoning population?
dry land goods such as wheats, barley and canola and a promising contribution to the national economy and food security.
The
only problem was that there was a limited source of water, sparsely distributed through the vast
Mallee landscape.
While it is exposed to such an unfamiliar academic spotlight, Woomelang is the fearful and enthralled heroine of The War Drum’s aim to confront the negative changes that are happening to the landscape and the endangered
When Woomelang developed as a town,
Mallee
townships.
the text which has archived history describes the distribution of water from the natural bodies as tiresome and excessive.
But through the hard labour of giving and taking water, the gesture created an inimitable alliance in the entire area of the
Mallee. This is an arid
The ambition of the design research is the production of a manual. The manual aims to master the re-interpretation of water catchment systems as a way of engaging the design process with the community.
Woomelang
The manual suggests ways in
landscape full of people who cared for
which an individual or collective initative
one-another.
can question the role of site intervention as a social impact between the designer and
However as the landscape rapidly changes and a dominating governance of water in the
Mallee is built, the social connections
the community.
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Questioning
noun war drums, plural ‘A drum beaten as a summons or an accompaniment to battle’ Example 01: “Beware the leader who bangs the drums of war in order to whip the citizenry into a patriotic fervor, for patriotism is indeed a double-edged sword. It both emboldens the blood, just as it narrows the mind. And when the drums of war have reached a fever pitch and the blood boils with hate and the mind has closed, the leader will have no need in seizing the rights of the citizenry. Rather, the citizenry, infused with fear and blinded by patriotism, will offer up all of their rights unto the leader and gladly so.
pg
‘The War Drum’ is an abstract title that is a peace take of the ancient form of drumming and how it’s been guised as a metaphor in present times.
The war that the project is suggesting is the scarcity, dispute, governance, dependency and rationality of water. Woomelang is one of many sites that is discussed as evidence that the war on water is anticipated, just as the beat of the war drum initiates battle.
The war drum will always remain as the title of this work, it aims to be the monument in which marks this period in my scholar and research where everything becomes real.
Throughout I have been doing projects that have such a rich, emotional quality that has complicated the work, yet the site and the design the past four years
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Research Question: How can Woomelang demonstrate a customisation of landscape variables to progress to a water-responsible future? This research question introduces an understanding of what a landscape variable is. The purpose of which is a means of reached a point where the process of design became too specific and detailed, yet indecisive, which doesn’t help with getting the Woomelang community to understand why this project is important and how a water-responsible future can work.
address the process of constructing a manual, the project began to become more about the townspeople, the farmers, and how a next generation of waterresponsibility and security can be possible.
If a water-responsible future’ can harvest a viable water supply, then the design will continue to generate opportunities that are progressive to Woomelang. If the In the first stages of the project I was writing questions research proves that the landscape has an inability to that were more about locality, and the lack of accesses adapt to the design, then the community will continue to food and water for the community, and soon reached be welcome the supply that’s allocated to them until the a point where I was defining a ‘self sufficient landscape’. environment continues to deteriorate and the township However through changing the question in order to becomes abandoned.
intentions bring it back to a reality in which is
How do I know? For this is what I have done. And I am Caesar.”
visually compelling and spatially curious. It’s
I decided against an urban, megalomaniacI believe it denies the intimate and emotional detail. how
scaled design topic, because
William Shakespeare’s ‘Julius Caesar’
Therefore, The War Drum is a battle which
Example 02: “... ‘War Drums’ is a ceremony performed by many tribes / nations / people throughout history before attacking or being attacked by others... He (Barack Obama) is saying that they are preparing for a situation he doesn’t want to happen.”
argues the water management of both the
Woomelang and the Mallee area. It is responding to the proposed strategies for the site through clarifying a water-responsible future. and it is a design research which aims to achieve a more independent and self-sufficient future.
While I could choose to agonise over the comments regarding my decision to do this project on home as being a ‘double-edged sword’, refuse to regret facing these issues.
I will There is a
Victoria which are taken for granted, and if we can’t save this land, large community of farmers in
what hope do we have for the future of food and land security of
Australia?
Sub-Question: Can water catchment demonstrations determine that decentralised Mallee Communities are worth saving? This started as a love-hate relationship with this subquestion. I have an overwhelming uncertainty for the future of my home, and I loved this sub-question because it taught me to be less paternal to the site, and to be less victimised by what has happened in the last 8 years and will continue to happen.
I’m avoiding the hypocritical assumption that the decentralised Mallee environment is the same throughout the region, while at the same time I’m testing through design whether it is the decentralised mallee communities that are worth saving, or just Woomelang?
However I dislike the research question because it explicitly drops the design research intentions and tests into the context of the entire Mallee region, and I have to tread water so that the project does not lose its democratic nature which argues against the Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy.
What am I saving? Primarily its the agriculture industry, without a secure supply of water the farmers are left defenceless against drought and soil pollution. If the farms fall, the townships will become abandoned. How much time, money and infrastructure are we willing to invest in order to determine whether this industry and lifestyle is worth saving?
Questioning
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Previous Research Questions; How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape inform the Woomelang’s future?
Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)
How can the design of a unionised landscape inform the security of Woomelang’s future?
Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)
security of
How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape in Woomelang
Previous Titles; Week 1 to 2 Pre-Semester
Not Abandoned Yet Woomelang
‘Water-Responsible Futures for Decentralised Mallee Communities.’
mitigate the dependency of an outsource of water?
How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape inform the security of Woomelang’s future?
Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)
Is it possible that Woomelang can move towards a more water
Week 10 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)
secure future or is the environment too incapable and dependant to be self-sufficient?
Through using the Woomelang community as the design practice to test water catchment potentials and interventions
Previous Sub-titles;
to encourage self-sufficiency, can it be determined that the
‘Water-secure futures for decentralised Mallee Communities.’ (Had a hard time identifying security as a criteria more than a pursuit. I wanted a word which tied in a relationship between people and the control that they can have with their futures.)
Project A, Mid-Semester to Project B, Week 4
‘Where there is life, there is water’ (a quote from ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’, when Hama discovers
Project A, Week 1 to Mid-Semester. (When the quote was misinterpreted as the work was presented.)
how to harness the power to manipulate water found in blood
‘Rethinking the accessibility and locality to basic needs in decentralised communities in Mallee Victoria.’ ‘Rethinking’, ‘accessibility’ and ‘basic needs’ became too broad. It was also directing the project away from the Landscape Architecture discourse and more into an engineering project.
decentralised
Malleean communities are worth saving?
With the aim to have less dependency on an outsource, how can Woomelang move towards a water secure future? the community of
and living organisms)
Pre-Semester
Week 10 - Week B.3 (self-sufficiency stands as an ultimatum which annihilates all that is dependant)
How can the community of Woomelang move towards a water secure future and have less dependency on an outsource of water?
How can the community of Woomelang move towards a water secure future?
Week 10 (Too lengthy and patronising. I think I was trying to mesh a subquestion and a question in one.) Week 7-9 Unnecessary statement of aim. Mid-Semester - Week 9 Needs to be simplified and properly defined. Week 4 - Mid-Semester Wasn’t defined enough.
How can Landscape Architecture discover ways in addressing the Mallee Victoria?
Week 4 ‘Environment’ self-sufficiency?
How can Landscape Architecture address the issue of locality and distribution of resources to decentralised Mallee Victoria in
Week 3 - 4 Too Lengthy and detailed. Rejuvenate is still a vague word.
issue of environmental self sufficiency in decentralised
order to rejuvenate a viable living environment and agriculture industry?
Water-responsible futures for decentralised Mallee Communities. In a way this project has started since Woomelang was first . The land was good, but there was no water, and the agriculture industry has luckily existed to this day by gaining an outsource of water. But the disputes and management over water in the last 20 years has questioned the future of these towns.
In this design research proposal, a decentralised Mallee community is one which is built without a direct access to a self-sustaining water body or tributary. The community is made up of sub-communities; for example the Woomelang alliance is made up of the farming community which have a relationship to the facilities and townspeople within Woomelang, as well as the townspeople themselves who exist because of the agriculture industry.
How can Landscape Architecture address the issue of locality and distribution of resources to decentralised Mallee Victorian communities?
Week 1 - 3 Couldn’t shake off the whole ‘address the issue’ thing
How can Landscape Architecture provide a method and strategy to reconnect decentralised Mallee Victorian communities to a secure source of fresh food, clean water and other basic
Pre-Semester Lengthy word-vomit.
needs thus reviving a viable agriculture industry and living environment?
pg
‘Tales of us’ is a chapter in which uses mappings, images and a
However, although the strategy
collection of narratives in order
time, the entire project instantly
to understand the land as it has
became a failure after the grazing
changed over time.
community showed an inability
was successful for a short period of
to adopt the strategy into their
This chapter generates an argument
lifestyles.
in how a designer approaches and
designer’s role in site intervention
This debate positions the
engages with site, specifically how relationships change during and
Before starting this project i had
after intervention.
a very clear connection to the
This is re-
enforced by my own intervention
current environmental and social
and design response morality, and
situation that was happening in
how the respect and value of the which it’s connected can succeed in a ‘bottom-up’ design process.
Woomelang. Even while living Melbourne, news of the poor farming conditions, rising suicide rates, and the decline in population in
existing site and the people in
The
project debates with designers that
and available services carried to me
are faced with intervening and
quickly through concerned family
engaging with a site in which they
members and friends.
have not lived in or associated with.
connection to home was my greatest
Without a modest and empathetic approach, the design intervention
resource in approaching this project.
will often lose its rigor and instead
Even though my family history
cultivate in a misunderstanding of
stretches seven generations to
the community’s ability to adapt to
the early settlers of the
new ideas of living.
This strong
Central
Mallee, the more I uncovered of the tales and family history, among
This debate was developed through the critique of Allen Savory’s ‘Hollistic Management’ research project, where the attempt of
the stories that were told to me by
implementing the strategy to
to directly understand the design
a cattle grazing community in
moves that need to be made in the
Zimbabwe proved that ‘Hollistic Management’ is successful in preventing desertification.
future.
the community, continued to refine my position.
The tales cultivated in
my apotheosis of the past as a means
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Tales of Us
The Howling Wilderness
pg
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Images 1. Harvest Season 2012 2. Approaching Rainfall 3. Woomelang-Lascelles Footballs Club against Jeparit-Rainbow 4. Scrap Yard in Watchupga
As it took just over a decade for Woomelang to establish,
intimately, our mothers and fathers
the community grew beyond a
we still fight for this land in the
completely isolated expansion
right to do so.
of dryland farming industry.
have survived here, and to this day
As
disengaged from urban life as it is, the town slowly grew as a variety of services became available to the townspeople.
Over the years some people would find a temporary life in
The main activities that keep the town together (socially) are the Woomelang & Lascelles Region Football and Netball Club as well as practicing Christianity at the local church. In places such as Woomelang it is important to keep
Woomelang, a change of scenery or pace, a certain kind of exclusivity
the community socially healthy
or secrecy that was deprived in
isolated population which needs the
their life.
love and support of others.
Eventually they would
because it’s such a small and
go, along with the services they provided.
The Football and Netball Club Woomelang and Lascelles to the other decentralised Mallee Regions which reacquaint an alliance. also reconnects
As the special people who have stayed in Woomelang all this time, we have lived through the event of a pharmacy open with the sudden prosperity of closing, pub owners manage with an indecisiveness
Although the sport is very competitive, it’s very humble to
to continue, and farmers who
have to travel for hours along
misjudged the high level of
the
difficulty this land brings, and
these old adversaries you never
abandon it.
really see outside of the sporting
People come and go, however the Woomelang community is mostly made up of people who hold a strong heritage to the towns history.
We know this land
Mallee to play against
environment.
Tales of Us
The Howling Wilderness
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
On the opposite page is a map of Victoria showing the distance between Woomelang and Melbourne. While also showing cities that are nearby and the
Mildura
Murray River. Woomelang is 359 kilometers from Melbourne.
Murray River
The image on the top left was one Adelaide
of the first post cards that was made dedicated to
Woomelang.
Swan Hill
The image on the bottom is an older town plan with names which already indicate who owns what property.
Woomelang
At the time the township
had a much higher expectation of a growing population through the success of the farming industry.
This shows as comparison and
Bendigo
contrast to the town plan of
Woomelang today, where a slow development leads to a reoccupation of vegetation and farm land thats evident in the north west side of town along
Street.
Dudley
/
Ballarat
Melbourne
Tales of Us
The Howling Wilderness
Current Population: 165 People and Declining.
The following plan is a diagram of the existing population of
Woomelang through the
understanding what buildings are being used, and which ones are not.
This understanding through drawing aims to grasp what property is occupied, which is a vacant lot, and which houses have been abandoned and dilapidated in order to ground a difference between the historical plan of the town, the investments made into building and development of this town, as well as the current scenario in which acknowledges which buildings have been made
246 ROOFS . redundant
OCCUPIED
250
ABANDONED
70.0 9%
200
150
9%
.4 21
FOR SALE
8.42%
100
50
75 Active Residents, 32 Inactive Residents 107 RESIDENTIAL HOMES
PROPERTY SHEDS
pg
Occupied / Used
Abandoned / Vacated
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For Sale
Tales of Us
Timeline
pg
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Key Articles
The following timeline is about Woomelang throughout history, with diagrams and bodies of text
1898 - Water from Lake Lonsdale was supplied along the Yarrambiack Creek to Warracknabeal.
1899 - “Several Large tanks have been excavated, and a pumping plant erected to supply railway engines”
which narrate the thick history of the townships dependency of an outsource of water.
The ‘Land Worth Saving’ Journal is a collection of information archived by the region’s historical society, with the core information originating from couriers in nearby
Hopetoun.
With this information, together with the current state of the population and the landscape, the reading frames my conflicting position associated with the towns
1899, 1900, 1901 - Lascelles accompanied the Minister of Water Supply to the site of the proposed reservoir to press his claim. The proposals were controversial, but all views expressed emphasised the importance of water being brought to the area if it was to survive and meet its potentialities. 1900 - all the eastern mallee supplies of water had failed. Water had been channelled from Sea Lake (the only successful catchment).
inability to harvest their own water for
naive enough to know that water can’t keep being given to us.
On the
contrary does this also question whether this was just a poorly designed or located town.
Was Woomelang ever meant to exist?
1946 - Due to the inefficiencies of cleaning the channels and allowing the supply of water to flow, it caused many hardships for farmers. Quite a lot of livestock died from starvation in this period.
1901 - the railway department granted residents of Cronomby Tanks the use of water from the railway tanks. In March the Yarrambiack Creek’s supply of water was exhausted, making it necessary for water trains to bring water from reserves at Donald. The construction of the railway brought two trains loaded with water a day.
1902 - The scheme was assessed by McNab’s text “Romance of the Wimmera - Mallee Water Supply System” saying that after the main supply from Donald was facing depletion, there were arrangements to draw water supply from Castlemaine to Woomelang.
1982 - 83 - Drought Years. Channel cleaning had become a major work and expense in this time.
1905 - The Water Act brought into being the State Rivers and Water Supply commission to control the development and distribution of water resources to the best advantage for the whole state of Victoria.
The Mallee piping scheme was gaining momentum as conversations arose at the quantity of water lost to evaporation and seepage. Arguments then emerged from conservationalists who believed that replacing open channels with closed pipelines would have a negative effect on the ecology.
1914 - Droughts began to cause sand drifts which blocked channels. If the water lasted it would potentially be too dirty to work with.
“ Dare one suggest a similar national effort to conserve water and improve its distribution to the dry north-west of the state?”
1924 and 1939 - The amount of water delivered to an average farm doubled between these years, because of the increasing stock requirements and the farmers’ desire for better living environments.
November 2006 - The commenced construction of the GWM Pipeline. April 2010 - The finished construction of the GWM Pipeline.
1929 - Major Drought Year. Threatening a complete breakdown of the Mallee Water Supply that the channel to connect the Waranga Basin to the Mallee systems was constructed. 1939 - legislation was introduced to enable the commission to prohibit cultivation within one chain of channels in specified areas. 1944 - The Soil Conservation Board was set up to investigate and advise on the problems of soil erosion.
War Period
120 years. In a way we got Woomelang was
what we deserved,
1902 - Woomelang Reservoir was constructed as a national work. Average rainfall was about 14 Inches.
1890 - Settlement of Woomelang
1899 - a channel was constructed to drain storm water from the plains around Birchip and take it to Sea Lake. (Sea Lake had been filled to 10 feet, Green Lake to three feet. 5,000P was spent to construct the channels between Lake Maribed and Green Lake.
The ‘Land Worth Saving’ Journal
Drought Year. Farmers who still had horse teams were employed to clean out the sand, but it was war-time, and farm labour was scarce.
1902 - Big drought year.
War Period
Settlement Period
1881 - Drought year, activity in surveys and proposals for a comprehensive water scheme Lake Lonsdale, the most favoured proposal, was used as a regulating basin.
Tales of Us
Timeline
pg
War
WWI
Drought
Policy
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Transportation Method
Origin of Water
WWII
Recorded Drought Years
Excavated three
Changes to the Water Act
large tanks
Allocation was Doubled
Yarrambiack Creek Donald
Additional Domestic Water Allocation for farming from the Murray River & Farm Allocation Campaspe River & Grampians Castlemaine & Donald Murray River
Legislation Affecting Cultivation
Waranga Basin - Mallee systems Channel
Horse & Cart Railway
The Grampians
2010
2000 1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1950 1940
1930
1920
g
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Current Issues m en an
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1910
1900
GWM Pipeline
1890 Settlement of Woomelang
1880
Changes to Water Allocation
Tales of Us
Tremulous Land
The drawing on the following pages is a layered mapping of Woomelang
was the assumption that if more
The justification behind this rule
which illustrates the existing
land was available it meant a larger
conditions in order to identify site
agriculture production.
opportunities.
over time it appears that assumption
Though
isn’t usually true in rural
Victoria.
The two main subjects in the mapping are showing the activity of the pre-existing bodies, as well as gathering a sense of scale and area in which the dams sit in the landscape.
One of the problems in which Woomelang faces is a negative change to the health of the soil. As a large number of trees had been deforested, the landscape now advocates hot, arid winds in which
The next diagrams vegetation
shift aerodian top soils in which
densities implying that existing
becomes a difficult problem for
vegetation can be either used as
farmers.
an opportunity or avoided as an obstacle. It is very important in this
The other changes are that the
project to work with or around
root system of the tree is capable of
existing plants, rather than cut
providing nutrients and structure
them down.
in order to generate a healthy soil.
Without these root systems,
The reason behind this is in that during settlement, the area of land
soil that isn’t priveleged with a
available to farm on was governed
saline pollution.
by the rule in which the owners of the property must deforest a certain amount of trees per hectare, or the owner would lose their rights to that land.
satisfying rainfall can be exposed
pg
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Tales of Us
Tremulous Land
pg
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‘Lanark’ John Fenton In a Property near Hamilton, Victoria
Agricultural Scale
Situated close to Hamilton lived John Fenton, who after inheriting property which was weak and
the oak trees grew into adulthood. With Woomelang there is not only a problem the
unmanageable to grow a decent crop, dedicated
high summer temperatures which cause a strain in
his life planting and growing tall oak trees
the crops and livestock, but there’s
which acted as walls to the property.
Also the damaged caused by the winds that shift
The wall
Paddock Boundaries
of trees buffered the intensity of the hot winds
the top soil of the farmlands and accumulate
that damaged crops, prevented too much top soil
either along the fencelines, in built dams and any
and sand from entering and leaving the property,
other unwanted areas.
and gave good shade to the livestock
Fenton was This became the main driver behind the privilege of revegetating the landscape.
raising.
Eventually the condition of the land was rejuvenated back to a manageable condition once
Weak Buffer
GWM Pipeline
Strong Buffer
Township Scale
GWM Pipeline Paddock Boundaries
Site Analysis Area:
The land when inherited (1956) Buffer Zone
6037.957 Acres (24.435km²)
1:5500
The tall, drought-tolerant trees also provide shade for livestock.
Low Vegetation Density
Inactive Dams Active Dams
High Vegetation Density
The land after the planting design matured.
Tales of Us
Blood & Veins
pg
DAMDAM (SMALL) (SMALL) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
SHEEP SHEEP 6.5 kg6.5 of kg wool of per woolsheep per sheep a yeara year 2,0002,000 to 4,000 to 4,000 kg’s ofkg’s collected of collected wool per woolyear. per year.
DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTUR
SWALE SWALE STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: PERMACULTURE PERMACULTURE
Woomelang.
The first was understanding where
CANOLA CANOLA .15 tonne .15 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA
the roads are, both asphalt and
boundaries lie in relationship to the roads, the town and the contours.
(SMALL) DAMDAM (SMALL) CHANNEL GRAINCORP CHANNEL STATUS: UNKNOWN GRAINCORP STATUS: UNKNOWN STATUS: ACTIVE STATUS: ACTIVE AGRICULTURE USE:USE: AGRICULTURE USE:USE: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
Then it was the access to an understanding of the agriculture production of the site, discovering
season.
This was averaged between
several local farmers.
The mapping became an analysis of pre-existing water bodies and is assessing their present activity.
E
-35.68109 E -35.68109
DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE S 142.66169
much harvest it will yield per
N N TIO TIO EC IREC R I D D IND IND E WGE W G A A ER ER AV AV
37 6M 37 M 6M RA M IN RA FA IN LL FA PE LL R PE YE R AR YE AR S 142.66169
what produce is grown and how
CRONOMBY CRONOMBY RESERVE RESERVE STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USE:USE: PLEASURE PLEASURE / RECREATION / RECREATION
WHEAT WHEAT 1.5 tonne 1.5 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA
This was mainly done through memory, yet it’s not hard to assume that without the channels working
all open bodies should be empty.
1:7500
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
done in a subterranean pipe, that
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
and the water distribution being
NE GWM PIPELI
WATER WATER TANK TANK STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USE:USE: DOMESTIC DOMESTIC
how the property and paddock
NE GWM PIPELI
dirt roads, which then determine
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
surrounding
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
characteristics in the landscape
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
PADDOCK BOUNDRY
This mapping shows various
DAMDAM (LARGE) (LARGE) (MEDIUM) DAMDAM (MEDIUM) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE USED: AGRICULTURE USED: AGRICULTURE
DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
BARLEY BARLEY .625 tonne .625 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA
DAMDAM (SMALL) (SMALL) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE WATER WATER ALLOCATION ALLOCATION TANKS TANKS (GWM) (GWM) STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USED: USED: CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION / DOMESTIC / DOMESTIC
DAMDAM (MEDIUM) (MEDIUM) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
WOOMELANG RESERVOIR WOOMELANG RESERVOIR STATUS: INACTIVE STATUS: INACTIVE DAMDAM (MEDIUM) (MEDIUM) USED: USED: CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION / DOMESTIC / DOMESTIC STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE DAMDAM (LARGE) (LARGE) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
SWALE SWALE STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: PERMACULTURE PERMACULTURE
45
Tales of Us
Blood & Veins
pg
33
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Tyrrell Creek Greenlake
Greenlake Channel
114 Lascelles
Hopetoun 589
gwm pipeline
Woomelang 165
Berriwillock 352
Lake Coorong
Watchupga
Yarrambiack Creek
A Mapping which shows the context around Woomelang. The drawing includes 40% of the built Gwm Pipeline, the population status of each town, water bodies and the level of access to water. Behold as the infrastructure courses through the Mallee landscape like a concrete vein.
5km
0
GWM Pipeline
gwm pipeline
Water Bodies
Beulah 207
Communities Communities Decentralised from Water Bodies
Birchip 822
Main Roads Rail Road Nature Reserve
10km
Tales of Us
The g.w.m Pipeline
The GWM Pipeline was a strategy that was implemented in 2006
The GWM Pipeline did its primary job. It concealed the water and
with the aim to secure and heavily
prevented it from evaporating or
govern the water in order to survey
seeping.
the rationality of water and to
or misjudged was the deterioration
prevent open bodies of water from
of the landscape, the decline in the
evaporating or seeping.
agriculture industry and a negative
pg
Open Channel Water Distribution Exhausted Farm Production
35
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
103,000ml (70 - 80%) of water was lost to evaporation and seepage per year.
What was either ignored
change to lifestyles that are a
The project transformed all open
result from the pipeline as well
bodies of water into a closed
as the towns dependency in which
piping system which collected
continues.
Moderately Rising Salinity
water and distributed it to the
Grampians. The water was then used in more urbanised areas. Most of Woomelang’s water come from an allocation from the Grampians now, with a small number of water allocated from the Murray River.
The following mapping in the C Horizon
next spread not only places the townships and tributaries which
Woomelang have had a dependency of through history, but has also mapped about %40 of the GWM pipeline.
Bed Rock
Pipeline Water Distribution Dying Vegetation
G.W.M Pipeline Network
Water Supply Systems Murray River
02 Woomelang Line
Contributing Water Bodies Neglected Water Bodies
Swan Hill Lake Tyrrel
era
Wimm
&
01 Yaapeet Line
lee Mal
05 Culgoa Line
a
Are
Accellerated Saline Polution
03 Birchip Line 04 Wycheproof Line
05
Taking water from Preexisting dams and reservoirs.
Installed to prevent evaporation and seepage
06 Natimuk Line
Woomelang
C Horizon
07 Lake Bellfied to Taylors Lakes
Lake Albacutya
Yaapeet
Birchip
Bed Rock
Ambitious Scenario Wycheproof
Exposed Water
Lake Buloke
Evaporates
Lake Hindmarsh
02
03
01
Natimuk
Wedderburn
Viable roots from Taylors Lakes (GWM Supplier)
Horsham 06
04
07
vegetation help structure the soil
Seeping water
and give/return
invades the depths
nutrients to the micro-
of the soil and
environment.
Lake Bellfield (Secondary Supplier)
The Grampians
pushes down the saline pollution.
Tales of Us
Adversaries
pg
37
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (2013-19) The Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (201319) is a 50-year proposal which is mainly directed
Through my design research, the main argument
keeping the
against the strategy is the way in which it
alive by further implementing intense distribution
to the conservation of soils and assets in the
generalises the scale of the region as well as the
methods of water. Is this obsession with large-
Mallee while still enabling a progressive water
proposal’s neglectful ‘one-liner’ policy which
scaled outsourcing and centralising really worth
production in order to sustain the agriculture
falls into the concern of local scales such as
repeating?
industry and support affected communities.
Woomelang. In fact, in the introduction of the strategy, Mallee CMA Board Chair Sharyon Peart states “Our (Mallee) region is recognised
However the people of Woomelang are already
nationally and internationally for the uniqueness
they’re given, to this day they still have to
and diversity of its natural assets, the importance
boil their drinking water to decrease the risk
of its dryland and irrigated agricultural
of ingesting pollutants.
industries...”, but on the contrary, the way
which will highly discourages community by
that the strategies are implemented deny the
telling them to ‘tighten the vice’ on their water
environment and the demographic as ‘unique and
usage, and it will certainly not be a pathway to
diverse’.
This questions the meaning of which they imply in the strategy when they say “we have been working with the community”. What does that mean? and who has been left out? The policy is a plan to implement a better
sustainability.
delivery method and a more efficient use of
decentralised communities as a unique and self-
water in townships that are decentralised
sufficient source of water thats separate to the
from ‘assets’ (their term for water bodies
governed water allocations.
Front cover of the Policy.
tributaries).
&
This is directly associated with
Woomelang agriculture industry
efficient with the allocation of water that
Efficiency is a tool in
Through the design of water demonstrations, the research will sit as system which tries to close the gaps in the cycle, and will coexist with the
The isolation of the Woomelang,
design will assert the identity of
while engaging in a persistent investment of demonstrations and outcomes.
Asset Richness 1-3 4-5 6 - 14
A push to an efficient water production with little to no adjustments to a viable water allocation for agriculture
Ouyen Murrayville
Manangatang
Underbool
Sea Lake
Woomelang Hopetoun Rainbow Beulah
An edited map of the densities of ‘Assets’
in
Mallee Victoria
Birchip
Hardly any mention of the incentives the strategy will supply to decentralised communities such as Woomelang. Does the strategy purposefully ignore these specific communities because they exist only through the dependency of services being delivered? Page 53 & 54 of the policy which summarises its intentions.
Tales of Us
Adversaries
pg
Soil Types in Woomelang
Agriculture Analysis (2010)
Calcarosols - The dominant soil type which consist of an even variation in clays and sand texture.
(Type and % of state total land use) Fruit & Nuts (inc. Grapes) Cereal crops Other broadacre crops Vegetables for human consumption Livestock Nurseries & Turfs Pasture crops (hay) Livestock products Legumes for grain Oilseed
Hydrocols - Seasonally or Permanently saturated soils. Rudosols & Tenosols - Pale aeolian soils. These sandy Pictured right is farmland north of Woomelang which experiences high levels of wind erosion. soils can disturb the farm ecology.
Sodosols - Found in poorly drained sites with low acidity.
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Value of Production ($m) 40.49% 29.47% 61.76% 8.20% 1.52% 4.06% 2.18% .59% 15.23% 5.08%
Vertosols - Clay-rich soils that have a high-chemical fertility and the capacity to hold water. Good for agriculture.
491.1 310.9 211.4 59.7 45.7 18.3 17.6 14.8 14.5 7.6 Total 1, 191.5
Calcarosols Hydrosols Rudosols Sodosols Tenosols Vertosols
Analysis of Soil types in the Mallee Area
39
Non Agriculture Dryland Agriculture Irrigated Agriculture
Analysis of Agriculture types in the Mallee Area
Tales of Us
Adversaries
pg
41
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
A ‘More Self-Sufficient’ Ambition
M
ur ra y
Ri
ve r
Current & Previous Water Origins
Lascelles
The following diagrams provide a conclusive understanding of
Communities Decentralised from Water Bodies
the alternative water allocation scenarios.
The diagrams on the opposite
Current Water Origins
page show the previous methods of distributing water while
Woomelang
Scale of water sources relied upon.
diagramming how illogical the
Catchment Strategy policy will be.
Previous Water Origins
The proposed future scenario
Lake
implies that there will always be a dependency on an out source
Agriculture Township
ong ek re kC c bia
Coor
m ra
Yar
of water, however through the design research we can understand that these needs can be mitigated
ke
La
through responsibility.
k lo
Birchip
m
ra
Bu
s
an
pi
Ambitious Scenario.
e
G
Lascelles
M
M
ur
ur
ra y
ra y
Ri
Ri
ve
ve
r
r
Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy Scenario.
Lascelles
Woomelang could Woomelang
potentially outsource
Woomelang
water to farms outside the townships.
Implementing a s
an
pi
Birchip
m
ra
G
Mitigated
cy
Dependen
As the manual progresses Woomelang into a Water-Responsible Future, other decentralised towns can reapply the demonstrations in their own landscape.
more efficient use of water, means less
s
an pi
m ra
G
Birchip
allocation.
Tales of Us
Blue Gold
pg 43 pg 43
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Rainfall Analysis (millimeters) 2013
s u mm e r
result from the increasing sun exposure.
Also drawing comparisons to The Grampians and Melbourne.
winter
Woomelang Birchip
a n n ua l
Opposite Top: A rainfall analysis which compares the Mallee to Melbourne and the Grampians.
s u mm e r winter
a n n ua l
The Grampians
Grampians Water Status
s u mm e r winter
outlet
gwm supply
Horsham 14,285
Melbourne
a n n ua l s u mm e r
Taylors Lakes Area: 80.6 km2 Current Volume: 15,390 ml Capacity: 27, 060ml Discharge: 400ml per day
winter
potter creek
Evaporation Quantity
Variation
Birchip a n n ua l j a n ua r y june
The Grampians a n n ua l j a n ua r y june
Melbourne
Rocklands Reservoir Area: 1,355 km2 Current Volume: 118,720 ml Capacity: 348,300 ml Discharge: 600 ml per day G rampians N ational P ark
a n n ua l j a n ua r y june
Large WaterBodies Parks Tributaries
*analysis is based on 10 years of records
2,400
B lack R ange S tate P ark
Lake Wartook Area: 75 km2 Current Volume: 25,320 ml Capacity: 29,300 ml Discharge: 500 ml per day
Lake Bellfield Area: 96 km2 Current Volume: 73,100 ml Capacity: 78,560 ml Discharge: 500 ml per day
2,000
07
june
1,500
Woomelang a n n ua l j a n ua r y
1,000
500
Stawell 6,035
Water Evaporation Analysis (millimeters)
0
gwm supply system
Lake Lonsdale Area: 1015 km2 Current Volume: 15,340 ml Capacity: 65,480 ml Discharge: 600 ml per day
800
how much water evaporates as a
700
a n n ua l
600
500
400
300
200
Opposite Bottom: An analysis of
100
0
Below: a brief introduction of the main water bodies in the Grampians. How they connect to the pipeline system, and how much water is discharged every day.
2009
Tales of Us
Blue Gold
pg
45
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Grey Water Accesses Below: A figure which explains how
Opposite: The types of grey water
many people per household while
discharged from each house per day,
generating a percentage of grey
formatted into a diagram which
water that’s discharged from the
explains why pollutants found in
average
Woomelang home.
the water affect the way in which it is reused.
Bottom: Data which quantifies water as a collection between a number of houses, and how much
Limited Use
water participating houses are
Variety of Uses
Suggested Uses
connected to
6%
6%
Se Fp
Bathroom 30.3l
Rv
9%
Toilet 60.5l
Sc Fp
Taps 11.3l
Fp
75 active
9%
large quantities farms feeding trees
fertilizers apricot trees
households
24% 48%
2.2 people per household
~ 122l / day ~ 44,408l / year
Se Sc
aquifers
Handwashed Dishes 11.3l
Fp
farms
Laundry 7.5l
Fp
fruit trees
Rv
local trees
Dishwasher 7.5l
Fp Fp
Se Rv
Sc Melbourne 4, 077, 000 people.
farms local collective
reduced toxins local plants
planter boxes farms aquifers
146 - 149l per day
Woomelang 165 people.
116 - 124l per day
Collective Action 5 homes (Neighbourhood)
11 people
~ 610l / day ~ 222,040l / year
12 homes (Street)
26.4 people
~ 1464l / day ~ 532,896l / year
Tales of Us
pg
47
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
iterations
The Mutual Core is a device that
mutual core. It was hard to keep
explores how the distribution
balance and water kept spilling
of water between the different
everywhere.
nodes and the mutual core have
model showed how favouritism
an effect on how the model moves.
and governance can have negative
The common relationship that the
reinforcements in both the origin
nodes have is that they are directly
of the water and the nodes in which
connected to the mutual core,
water is delivered to.
meaning that if water was taken from the mutual core and put into a node, the core would ascend and the node would descend and visa versa.
In follies 1 to 4 there are 3 nodes sharing from one mutual core.
So the mutual core has to be rationalised in order for there to be a balance in the whole model.
The mutual core can ascends, descends, moves back and forth, sideto-side, and if rationalised wrong or filled too much, the mutual core can tip and spill. The models then show how favouritism between nodes can jeopardise the entire supply.
I had the expectation that the model would function like a cradle, or to a lesser extent a scale.
But without my knowledge the distribution had very exaggerated effects on the nodes and the
# Connection Method
Exterior Connection
The conceptual
Equal Nodes Interior Connection Connection
Anchor Points
Diagram 01
Diagram 02
Diagram 03
Diagram 04
Tales of Us
Precedent Dictionary
pg
49
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
‘Greening the Desert II: Greening the Middle East’ Craig Mackintosh & the P.R.I of Australia The Dead Sea Valley, Jordan
‘Big Wilytja Project Sinatra Murphy Walungarru Community, Northern Territory.
‘Lanark’ John Fenton In a Property near Hamilton, Victoria
‘Banking on the Border’ Lateral Office Along the border of the United States and Mexico.
‘How to green the desert and reverse climate change’ Allan Savory The Savory Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
‘Neighbourhood Revitalisation’ CoDesign Studio Rotterdam, Netherlands
This project is exemplary of how a permaculturebased strategy that is focused around the investment and accumulation of water can be used to reinvigorate the soil from saline pollution. The site is an arid area of land in Jordan, 2 Kilometers from the Dead Sea and 400 Meters below sealevel.
This project was addressing the issues which surfaced after a minority of indigenous Australians that had been removed from the homeland and relocated in an environment that is unfamiliar and governed by policy.
Situated close to Hamilton lived John Fenton, who after inheriting property which was weak and unmanageable to grow a decent crop, dedicated his life planting and growing tall oak trees which acted as walls to the property. The wall of trees buffered the intensity of the hot winds that damaged crops, prevented too much top soil and sand from entering and leaving the property, and gave good shade to the livestock Fenton was raising. Eventually the condition of the land was rejuvenated back to a manageable condition when the oak trees grew into adulthood.
The border of Arizona and Mexico pay a big contribution for the agriculture industry, with a vast landscape with good growing soil. The main source of water in which sustain the function of these farms are tributaries from the snow-melt in the mountains, and a distribution pipeline which outsources water from the Colorado River. These water sources are becoming depleted.
This is a talk that brings a lot of the global issues onto the table, highlighting the pros, cons and misunderstandings of livestock grazing in the role of soil and botanical regeneration. Its a debate that is comforting to my current project because it reinforces the argument that taking away livestock from the land will only harm the economy of agriculture, and will achieve little to no environmental benefit.
CoDesign Studio is a Melbourne-based firm which do a range of small, medium and sometimes large scaled projects local and international.
The system uses a series of Swales dug into the earth that would harvest the water from the rainfall. During the winter the Swale would fill with water and start to soak into the soil, already causing the saline to descend. From there, mulch was placed between either sides of the trenches (about 2 meters wide and 0.5 meters deep) and underneath the mulch was a network of micro-irrigation installed. After the irrigation came the planting design which is specific to the middle-eastern site. On one side of the trench laid very drought intolerant trees which would help buffer the damaged caused by hard summer winds. On the otherside of the trench was a planting scheme of fruit trees, layed out like an orchard. Within 4 months of planting, some of the fig trees were beginning to grow figs, even though the tree was about a meter tall. “... In the middle of winter the designers got an e-mail from the locals who were panicking about mushrooms that were growing in the soil (they called it fungus) because they don’t have much humidity in the soil...” the funghi net underneath the mulch is putting off a waxy substance which is repelling the salt away from the area and the decomposition is locking the soil up, which makes the soil inured and insoluable...”(3) In relationship to the research in Woomelang the project starts to serve a design scheme that becomes either a long-term or a short-term goal of rejuvenating the soil of saline. Soil pollution is becoming more and more of a progressive issue in Woomelang, which is not only killing the native species but also the fruit trees in which the townspeople use.
The strategy had negative affects on the health and mortality of the community as well as a change to their lifestyle that was once supported by the environment they once knew so well. The project recognises the importance in commuity health during their cultural renaissance, and designed a project which works closely with the community and the complexities of health in decentralised areas in order to establishing ten settlement planning and development principles for better health. The key extraction from this project is the understanding of how a designer can infiltrate a community and formulate a ‘bottom-up process’ in which will sustain the benefits of the project outcome, rather than leaving the community and letting the project whither. This is something that Sinatra & Murphy have successfully done not only through the design itself, but an approach and accessibility to the community to prevent negligence. In the lens of my project I have the advantage of being a member of the community, rather than someone who has to infiltrate the community in order to design Yet on the contrary, if I am considering demonstrating the design in Birchip, I will have to think about how to approach the social components of the project.
“The Invaders hated trees” (W.K Handcock in 1930). Woomelangian settlement had a similar scenario during the 1890’s when men (such as my great-great-grandfather) found the land and seek to grow food from it. For years the men dedicated a lot of time in cutting down the bush lands and clearing all of the vegetation in order to grow. As a part of this project it will be good to explore the repercussions that deforesting has had on the land itself, and tests the theory of ‘the lesser there are trees, the more growth of pasture’ which is a critique from Lanark. With Woomelang there is not only a problem the high summer temperatures which cause a strain in the crops and livestock, but there’s Also the damaged caused by the winds that shift the top soil of the farmlands and accumulate either along the fencelines, in built dams and any other unwanted areas. How will the plantation of tall native trees either stop the harsh winds from sweeping the soil or create a buffer for unwanted top soil to migrate on harvesting soil?
Although this project is at a state-wide scale, both Lateral Office and my project are facing very similar issues, the need to locate, harvest and secure water. Both projects provide an inventory of tools in which speculate the implementation of retrofitting the landscape to achieve a viable quantity of water. However because of the scale and the overwhelming demand of water in farms in Arizona, the project suggests strategies in engineering catchment methods (for example, a moisture condenser). It also complies a method in which the revenue of water security can produce a type of public space around the implementation. ‘Beyond simply storing new water sources, Banking on the Border posits that making water legible and public is the first step towards both individual and collective action, conservation, while producing new landscapes, new public realms, and new sites of economic exchange.’ - Lateral Office <http://lateraloffice.com/ BANKING-ON-THE-BORDER-2012> Going back to the water-responsible studies in my project, the project begins to consider how water harvesting can be romanticized into a public space in which the acknowledgment of the water revenue can being something new for the town. This is to go beyond the privileges in which water can benefit and rejuvenate the town, and questions how water-responsibility can become a public space.
Citing the precedent, however, does not mean that Woomelang’s desertification has been happening through poor livestock management. Instead this project is supporting an understanding about approaching design onto site, and that the relationship between the community and the interention are key. The ‘Bottom-up’ approach is, in fact, a failed concept in this project However to suggest larger quantities of livestock at a higher density in smaller nodes of land is just asking for too much. Especially when there is a debate in why it is necessary for livestock to prevent the soil from forming a biological crust. The U.G. Geological Survey writes: “Crusts generally cover all soil spaces not occupied by green plants. In many areas, they comprise over 70% of the living ground cover and are key in reducing erosion, increasing water retention, and increasing soil fertility. In most dry regions, these crusts are dominated by cyanobacteria (previously called blue-green algae), which are one of the oldest known life forms. Communities of soil crusts also include lichens, mosses, microfungi, bacteria, and green algae.”(7) Part of the solutions discussed were described to be strategies in how to manage grazing livestock along with the variables of wild herds that roam to ‘mimics nature’ and why this is important. Strategies which aim to minimise the release of carbon from the soil, allowing new vegetation to regrow from dead vegetation. This process was named Holistic Management. The projects success however became debatable when he tested the research in a site in Zimbabwe, where Hollistic Management became the next method of farming, and how to generate an understanding of the incentives with this project. The project had worked, temporarily, but as soon as the intervention team had left the area, it didn’t take long for the testing site to begin to desertify again. Part of this was the assumption that the community struggled to know how to continue adopting the management method (which says a lot about how they approached the strategy).
This project is of a small-scale in a neighbourhood in Rotterdam. The site is a vacant piece of land that exists in the middle of a series of apartment blocks, where varied generations live and use. The project was aimed to design for the community by the community. This is what was admirable about the process of the project because it itself brought the community together by making the design process more interactive. When you bring the community into design it becomes about what they want and what they will actually use rather than building something based on assumption and become redundant quickly. To the much younger people the design was about making the process and debate into a game, whereas with the adults it was about incorporating efficient methods of discussing and calculating what is needed and how it is built. The design process lasted as a two week intensive and the built project included a series of play equipment, music performance spaces, Shade for parents and the elderly, a cultural festival and monthly ‘soup in the park’ social events.
pg
‘Army of Me’ is the decision to collect and redraw water catchment methods as a way of understanding and providing tools which become coherent to the
Woomelang community. The
production of the tolls is named
‘The Water-Responsible Manual’. The process of constructing the manual is generated into two formulas, and broken down into four stages.
The first formula generates a standard assessment of the available site, providing a criteria in which acknowledges the variables and advantages of harvesting water.
The second formula is a summary of the stages which is applied to a demonstration in order to achieve a particular privilege. It questions the user of the manual of the feasibility and necessity in designing and applying a water catchment demonstration as well as providing an example which acts as a walkthrough in the design process.
51
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Army of Me
Occupied Woomelang
pg 53 pg 53
For example, the food production industry can be maintained by all age groups.
For the younger members of the community, food production is about the access to an understanding of how soil conservation, water-responsibility, and the process of farming can privilege a local source of food.
For the elderly members of the community, maintaining the food
ar s
ye
ar s
yea rs
5-
9
0-4
5.2
Revegetation Planting
%
Native Vegetation Education
60 - 6
Polluted Soil Treatment
4
Soil Conservation Education
year
s
10
%
9.4
s ar
14
ye
14.1
%
Dryland Farming Preparation Dryland Farm Education
50.8% x 84
Floating Mat Maintenance Water Quality Surveyor
49.2% 81 x
9.9% 1 5 - 19 2.1% 20 - 2 4
Retrofitting the Water Catchments
5.7
Water-Responsible Operations
%
.3%
ar s ye
4 -5 50 25 - 29 30 - 34
Age Group Chart (%)
years years
s ar
0% 0%
ye
Age Group Graph Summary
60 + years old
4
57
s
engaging to all age groups.
year
60 25 - 59 years old
9
These customisation are the steps in which make water-responsibility
45 - 4
48 0 - 24 years old
-4
200
150
100
50
0
important for the design to be as
35
-3
9
ye
ar s
40
5
5.7%
5-
59
y
%
accesses to shade to reduce strain.
rs ea
7
5.7
implementing planter boxes and
inclusive and as versatile as possible.
5.2%
ye
production industry is about
Woomelang is an aging population, with over 38% of the townspeople being over 55 years old. So itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
2.6 %
9
12 %
age group or demographic.
3.6%
customised according to a certain
years
This rethinks how the design can be
85 +
Food Production Maintenance
-6
1.6% 2.1%
maintaining water-responsibility.
rs yea
Food Production Farming
%
65
are capable of establishing and
84
Food Security Education
7.8
figure out how many citizens
Vegetable Garden Beds
rs yea
Woomelang. This is to
s ar
reside in
ye
the different age groups which
79
74
The following diagrams understand
80 -
75 -
70
Demographic of Woomelang
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
years
yea rs
Army of Me
The mappings and diagram on the opposite page is a surface area analysis of
Woomelang, and shows
a range of areas that are permeable surface, impermeable surfaces, and
Occupied Woomelang
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Impermeable Buildings Area: 13,424.79 m2
areas that are already occupied
Asphalt
by recreation, industry and dense
Area: 36,694 m2
vegetation.
pg 55 pg 55
Total : 50,118.79 m2 / 12.32%
This is to expose the site opportunities through the
TOTAL POPULATION: 165 & DECLINING
advantages and disadvantages of surface materials which are a variable in the water harvesting production.
TOTAL SURFACE AREA: 406,812m²
Permeable Township Surface Analysis (Mapping)
Dirt Road
RECREATION
Area: 15,499.5 m2
1 home
Property
DENSE VEGETATION
Other
2.06% 0% 13.6
Area: 62,730.4 m2 2.2 persons
Area: 118,585.69 m
2
Total : 196,815.59 m2 / 48.38%
DIRT ROAD Water Use: 416 Litres per day 151,984 Litres per year
FARMLAND
3.81
%
% 23.63 % 5 .1 29
9.02%
Occupied ASPHALT
Dense Vegetation Area: 55,326.42 m2 5 houses
Recreation
OTHER
%
3.30 BUILDINGS
%
.42
15
Area: 8,300 m2 Farmland
11 persons
Area: 96,129.67 m
2
PROPERTY
Total : 159,756.09 m / 39.27% 2
Township Surface Analysis (Area m2)
Water Use: 2,079 Litres per day 759,913 Litres per year
Township Surface Analysis (Area %)
Army of Me
Occupied Woomelang
pg 57 pg 57
The following diagrams continue to break down the surface analysis by specifying the types of roofs in the township.
250
This is to acknowledge that water
200
OCCUPIED ABANDONED 70.0
150
8.42%
100
50
107 RESIDENTIAL HOMES
Roo
f
Typ
es
(Ma
ppe
d)
250
34
.36
9%
rather than a shed.
FOR SALE
%
.49
21
%
200
12. 4
an industrial or residential roof,
9%
is more viable when harvested from
150
100
53.15% 50 Roof Surface Area (%)
ROOF TYPES
Roof Types (Quantity)
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Site Opportunities
CH AN IV E
CH AN
RE
RE
IN AC T
IV E IN AC T
RE
PA D
RU
D PA D
D
IV E
O CK
O CK
ST
ST
S D AM
S D AM IN AC T
IV E IN AC T
RU
CT
CT
U
CT RU AS T
FR IN
ED O N D
AB AN
the layered mapping in the earlier
U
RE U CT RU
AS T
FR IN ED O N AB AN
D
The mapping is an updated version of
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
N
EL S N
K AC TR NS Y RU LWA AT RAI TH E H ON O T TI TA L T K GE LE AC VE RAL TR NS Y PA RU LWA AT RAI TH HE ON O T TI TA L T GE LE VE RAL PA
AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE SCALE SCALE
59
EL S
pg
U
Army of Me
chapter which recognized parts of
Woomelang that are and are
not a site opportunity for water
This site opportunities
are generalisation by the existing characteristics and/or the reason which makes it an an usused and
BUSHLAND AROUND BUSHLAND AROUND DECENTRALISED PROPERTY DECENTRALISED PROPERTY
W AT N ER AT U G R RE E Y S W TR ATSE IP N T ERPT S AT RA IC U FF RE W IC AT ST RE ISL ER R D AN SEP IP T U RA N DS TI S RO D C FF O AN W F IC AT T RU I SP ER N RE SL A -O D AN CE U F F S N DS RO D O AN F T RU SP N AC -O ES FF
harvesting.
TOWNSHIP SCALE TOWNSHIP SCALE
U
can or cannot be classified as an opportunity.
1:4000
PATCHES PATCHES OF BUSH LANDOF INBUSH LAND IN FARMING PADDOCKS FARMING PADDOCKS
ES
ES SW AL E IV IN AC T
NS RU CK AT RA TH Y T ON WA TI IL TA RA GE HE VE O T NS T RU CK EL AT RA LL RA TH Y T PA ON WA TI IL TA RA GE HE VE O T T L
an example of how a site analysis
E LL RA PA
equation sampled in the formula. The formula is a means to provide
BUSHLAND BETWEEN PADDOCK DIVIDERS
RE CT
ST RU FR A
IN IL W AY
RA
D
that it is subjected to the same
PATCHES PATCHES OF BUSH LANDOF BUSH LAND IN FARMING PADDOCKS IN FARMING PADDOCKS
U
RE U CT RU T AS FR IN
RA
IL W AY
RO AD S
-35.41’03.01” S
en
category, that doesn’t mean
y
a specific site may relate to a
Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii
sit
understood that even though
RO SAD RO PACS AD ES S BE AN T D WE SP FA E RO AC RM N AD ES LA S BE N AN T D D WE FA E RM N LA N D
U O H N
O
VEGETATION VEGETATION THAT RUNS THAT RUNS TO THE COUNTRY PARALLEL TO PARALLEL THE COUNTRY ROAD ROAD
D SE EF D IN B I W Y P NG A EO TH Ve T ge E U DtEatio R C PL E S SE Fn S A E P D V INtrip TC IN AC Be I s & H O E W gYetaPti NGPa M RD S O AT oEn Ttch E Ve es N E F SOp ge E ePc HE T R T LA ta R es P N tio C iL n A E SP O O D D St T H T N rip C IN ACig E E Ve s& H O Eh Bu NT FIN OT ge sh I ta Pa M Lo R S O tio tch E w BDE FDe AL E n n es N us R Sp T h D T LAsity S eci es PO en O N s D H T ity D N ig E h B N EF O IN T us T Lo h w E D IA en L Bu sit S sh y
the site categories. It is to be
ED
H
providing a criteria for each of
AB S -35.41’03.01” AN D
AB AN
D O
N
ED
redundant over time (for example,
The formula is constructed by
SE
S SE U O
function as a landscape has become
Woomelang Golf Course).
S
E 142;39’49.06” E 142;39’49.06”
exist because their primary
the
Eucalyptus largifloren
Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii
SW AL
due to its location or topography
(such as land that cannot be farmed on). Meanwhile other opportunities
Eucalyptus porosa
E
it’s unable to facilitate an industry
Eucalyptus porosa
Eucalyptus porosa
Eucalyptus porosa Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii
Eucalyptus largifloren
S PA PAC D E D B O ET CK W BO EE SP U N PA AC N D D E RI D B O ET ES CK W BO EE U N N D RI ES
classified as an opportunity because
BUSHLAND BETWEEN PADDOCK DIVIDERS
G
In some instances, an area will be
IN AC T IV
RE
Y
uninhabited area.
Army of Me
Formula A
Legend Accesses to Water
pg
61
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Variables
Permeable surfaces - Material in which liquid can penetrate and seep through (eg. Soil, sand)
Roofs - Impermeable surfaces which aim to control the flow of rainfall.
Impermeable surfaces - Material in which liquid can not penetrate but rather sits or runs on a slope (eg. Asphalt, tin)
Tree Densities - A number of trees standing close to each other. This can begin to think about the potentials of frost harvest, water filtration or shade that conserves the water from evaporating.
Fog / Mist - Area’s which are exposed to higher conditions of fog, usually in very open areas with travelling winds.
Permeable surfaces - Penetrable material that could prevent water from being captured Large Sun Exposure - Hot environmental conditions that could evaporate the water
Traffic - Considering if and where traffic is present in order to design around. Vegetation - Considering where and how dense the vegetation and root systems are in order to design in and / or around.
Partial Sun Exposure - Very warm environmental conditions that could evaporate the water.
Privileges Crops To assist in the growth of local crops and the progression of the agriculture industry. Particularly during drought years.
Outsourcing Demonstrations which aren’t appropriate to site due to location, scale or quantity. So the water can be distributed elsewhere.
Community Assembling How can harvesting and utilizing the demonstration function as something which promotes togetherness in the community.
Soil Conservation To treat soil which is being polluted by saline or other toxins in order to regenerate the soil for further use
Centralising Larger catchment areas which are good for connecting outsourcing demonstrations in order to generate an effective outcome.
Revegetation Planting trees in certain areas in order to regenerate micro-ecologies and to promote conservation.
Food Production Consider how the demonstration can help the production of essential foods in the township.
Education How can the process and maintenance educate townspeople about the importance of the water demonstration in order to generate an appreciation for progressions
Example To start the design intervention you need to identify what type of site it is in order to approach the opportunities, the constraints, the purpose and the probabilities of catching water in the area.
This is to define the constraints by generalising what obstacles and/or environmental conditions need to be considered before design. Designing in or around with these constraints will help formulate a more successful water catchment.
Accesses to Water
Variables
These are the range of scales that the site or water harvest potential come in, and suggests how much water the catchment could potentially harvest
Functioning Scales
S RO PAC AD ES S BE AN T D WE FA E RM N LA
N
D
Site Type
This key is defining the possible accesses to water, and can start to question what tools and construction methods from the Kit of Parts can be used to maximise water harvest potential.
Small Scale
Medıum Scale
Large Scale
The range of outcomes recommend what, how and why the harvested water should be used. The criteria is assessed according to where the site is, how much water could be potentially harvested, the security of the water, or if it’s possible to outsource the water into a centralised reservation. The connected relationship between the functioning scales and the outcomes suggest a hierarchy that if water is successfully harvested, ‘this’ is what it needs to be used for most.
Privileges
Crops - space is located adjacent to crops that could potentially be fed. Soil Conservation - Consider using the water to push down the salıne beneath the farmed soil nearby. Revegetation - For plants and trees inside and outside the area. Preferably to be used to revegetate spaces along paddock boundaries and along the road.
Army of Me
Kit of Parts
pg
Water Production Systems
Developing ‘kit of parts’ provides a set of tools which rethink
This can be a way in which the users of the manual can break down the
alternative ways of how water
techniques in order to re-engineer the
catchment interventions can
catchment according to their specific
actively respond to the current
landscape scenario.
and changing landscape.
This
63
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
(Pg32)
Irrigation Systems which are essential in distributing water through piping. Similar to the GWM Pipeline, it transports water without the risk of evaporation. It is a
Well systems that have evolved through time. This is to open up the possibilities of harvesting water from the ground table.
main provider in connecting open and closed water bodies to another to justify a productive water demonstration.
suggests how responding to a short-term landscape scenario or to one particular demographic can lead to a poorly invested water catchment.It is a key argument for the manual to accept that a water catchment can become redundant over time, unless customised or given an alternative use.
This
is to encourage an adaptive demonstration which react to the seasonal and climatic changes.
The following drawings are techniques in how to harvest, clean, secure and use water, which
‘The Water-Responsibility Manual’ Page References: pg32
W ater Production Systems
pg39
Biofiltration Systems
pg46
Plant M aterial
pg50
N atural Cycles
can form on cool surfaces and trees.
pg56
Community C ycles
evaporates the dew.
pg58
D omestic Cycles
Dew harvesting systems which catch water from which The water needs to
Fog Harvest systems are a suspended blanket of material which filter the water from passing clouds of fog.
be harvested very early in the day before the sun exposure
are represented as thumbnails extracted from the original-scaled drawing included in the manual.
The techniques diagram the materiality, measurements, composition and their functions in a potential demonstration.
Also
included are a set of cycles in which provide users an understanding of how the demonstration or privilege can function over time.
An introduction to materials and construction methods into securing the harvested water if the supply is not frequently used.
How the system is stitched together and its incentives to This is to understand that the material is panelled rather than being one, large cover. the water storage.
Army of Me
Kit of Parts
pg
Plant Material
Deep bodies which store water in a place that’s less exposed to the sun, thus maximising the prevention of evaporation.
Biofiltration Systems
A shallow body of water which is positioned as a contrast to the deep cooling body. This is because the surface of the water is more exposed to the sun, causing more evaporation
65
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
(Pg25)
Allocasuarinas (Bulokes) Have withstood the dramatic changes to the soil and climate condition all this time. It’s a very reliable tree to the area.
The White Mallee Pine which is becoming endangered to the Woomelang area. Consider revegetation interventions which conserve this species.
The most common seen tree and frequently mentioned by
Typha Australis, which is a very reliable forb usually grown along wetlands. Very capable of filtering water and the root system structures the soil well.
(Pg39)
The main construction method of a gabion system. A water filtering method used by caged rocks which filters passing water
A generic construction method of the Bioswale using ‘cut and fill’. The filtration is defined by aggregate materials which make Sand Bed Filtration.
the pioneers as they settled in the area.
Community Cycles
Analysing the way a construction site uses hay and weight materials in order to filter the water from metals and pollutants before making its way into the storm drain.
Dense long grasses which have the incentive of This is helpful after the construction of the bioswale.
(Pg25)
restructuring the soil via their root system.
Understanding the privileges that can benefit from a community engagement with local food production.
A more detailed understanding of what could be harvested and with what water can this opportunity be born from.
Army of Me Natural Cycles
Kit of Parts (Pg25)
Domestic Cycles
(Pg25)
pg
67
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Breaking down what water catchments can privilege and why.
Grey Water
Cleanliness
Domestic
Xeriscape
Septic Water
Purpose
Swimming Pool Footy Oval School
Recreation
Botanical Conservation Nitrogen Fixation Cycle is a way to understand how treated nitrogen into soil can help regenerate the microecologies in the soil.
When filtered from specific contaminates, grey water can serve as a highly useful reuse of allocated water.
Soil Structure
Revegetation
Soil Conservation
Saline Control
This is an incentive which exists in
plants.
Saline Control
Agriculture
Dryland Food Security
Local Food Production # Design Privileges
Large
Understanding how the groundwater systems works and the importance of keeping it away from damaging the surface soils in which plants grow on.
Because of the amount of contaminates and bacteria in Septic water, it limits its use on what the water can be used in a demonstration, however it isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a void source.
Layering
Medium
Township
Micro
Domestic
Construction Method
How revegetation can restructure the soil and be an
Users to understandthe potential of run-off from impermeable materials.
Scale
Long Term
Short Term
Permanent
Temporary Evolution
Social Scale
Design Transition / Adaption
Time
Quality
incentive with preventing saline pollution
Agricultural
Army of Me
Demonstrations
pg
69
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Se E xisting V egetation Gabion M at
Long G rasses
Crops
Privileges & Alternative Scenarios:
The demonstrations are an assortment of catchment methods that are drawn into a specific landscape scenario.
They
provide an ambition into how a certain privilege can be achieved through understanding the sites constraints and opportunities, and how the application of the waterresponsible kit of parts can be applied.
In hinesight, the demonstrations are subjected to change at each site, but provide reasoning and explanation as to why this design is best suited to the landscape variable.
The criteria of the demonstration
Se
W ater Security
Fp
F ood Production
Sc
Soil Conservation
Ag
Agriculture
Rv
R evegetation
Ou
O utsourcing (D istributing)
*
Bioswale and Collection Pipe W ater Lense
R eserves
M edium S caled F og Catchment Crops
* Ag Sc Rv
R evegetation / F ruit Trees
Swale Fill
Sc
F loating C over System
V egetation G abion M at
*
R evegetation Swale F ill
on
Catchment
Crops
Ag Rv
I rrigation Irrigation
Spaces Between Roads
and
Bioswale and Collection Pipe
Farmland
I nactive Dam
*
*
Sc
Sc
Ag
Ag
Rv
Rv
Alternate O ptions I nactive Dam
I nactive Dam
is assessed by the privilege in which the water demonstration is trying to facilitate, therefore creating a coherent formula.
* Sc Fp Ag Rv
I nactive Dam (Reservoir )
Army of Me
Demonstrations
pg
71
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Fp
Ou *
*
Sc
Se
Ag
Ou
Rv
Sc
Brook Street
Taller E xisting F ruit Trees
V egetation
*
Public Utility S hed Fruit Bushes
Tuber V egetables
Grey / Septic Water I rrigation
N ature Strip
Abandoned Houses
*
Traffic Island
* Se
Sc
Sc
Rv
Rv
Railway Infrastructure (T ownship )
Redundant Spaces
Redundant Spaces
Fp
Abandoned Houses
*
*
*
Se
Se
Se
Ou
Ou
Sc
Sc
Sc
Rv
Rv
Rv
Abandoned Houses
M icro-irrigation Bioswale and C ollection Pipe
Redundant Spaces
Fp
Redundant Spaces
Sc Rv
Rv
Roads
Se
pump
Army of Me
Demonstrations
Ag
pg
73
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Se
Agriculture Scale
Paddock Structure
G abion M at M icro-Cover System Swale Fill Crops
Bioswale and Collection Pipe
*
* Ou
Ou
Rv
Ag
Ag
Rv
Rv
Spaces Between Paddocks
M edium -Scaled F og C atchment
*
Ou
Railway Infrastructure (N orth)
*
*
Ou
Ou
Railway Infrastructure (South)
*
Se
C rops
*
Ag
Ag
Rv
Rv
Se
Se
I rrigation
Spaces Between Paddocks
Spaces Between Paddocks
Space Between Roads
and
Farmland
Space Between Roads
and
Farmland
Rv *
*
Ou
*
Sc
Sc
Ag
Ou
Se
Rv Fp
Spaces Between Paddocks
Abandoned Property
Vacant Lot
Tales of Us
Fog Harvest
Morning Fog (July 8th)
Dowsing
pg
Divining rods are two l-shaped iron rods
the farmlands in the winter mornings
that are traditionally used to locate water
Woomelang that ominous charm. My
and other materials beneath the ground.
To this day the method is suspicious and unexplained.
previous understand of fog harvesting was that they were only used in mountainous regions.
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Divining Rods & The History of the Wells
The fog which loomes and rolls along give
75
During my last visit I decided to My nana and I met with relatives that own a farm in nearby Watchupga to test the quality of the groundwater in the wells. For decades, the groundwater has been too brackish to use, and still is.
borrow some materials and test the fog harvesting system on site.
The material was suspended by two trees in a low-lying area north of town, situated between two open grazing paddocks and a hay shed.
The aim was to choose a site which
While there, Glenys wanted to see if nana and I could divine water, as they already
had the least amount of obstacles which blocked fog from flowing while suspending the system against the direction of the wind.
knew where the water pipes were located
Fog Harvest systems are a suspended blanket of material which harvest water from fog as it travels by windflow.
beneath the ground.
Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ask me how, but it
worked.
Fog Harvest Construction (July 9th)
Divining Water (July 9th)
Water Collection, 180ml from 1.5m2 overnight (July 10th)
Extracting Water from the Wells (July 9th)
Although the system of how the well operates as it changes over time, the wells in this region re-use materials such as pipe and rope to teather and extract water.
Army of Me
Formula B
pg
77
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
01
02
03
04
- What area is the site? Is anybody using the land? - Do you want to utilize water in, or at a close proximity to the site?
- What permeable and impermeable surfaces are on the site? - How dense is the vegetation on the site, is there a
- Does anybody live near the site? - Is this an individual or collective demonstration? - How much water do you have access to via grey water discharge and impermeable surface run-off? - Does the site slope in a way that you can take advantage of the contour? - How much water do you aim to harvest?
- What tools and materials will you need to accomplish the construction? - What systems do you need to improve the production of the catchment? - How much investment (into time, money and resources) will you need to accomplish this? - How will this benefit the site and/or the community?
S
S
t a g e
Site Opportunity
S
t a g e
Site Analysis
Water Access
way in which you can build with or around the vegetation? - How much sun exposure does the site have? - Is the site occasionally used by vehicles?
Fp
S
t a g e
t a g e
Kit of Parts
Food Production (Example)
Stage One
Stage Three
Allen Barbary Memorial Oval
roof surfaces
~ 610l / day ~ 222,040l / year
11 people
5 properties 445m2
Township Demonstrations 13,000m2 Large Available Area
Brooke Street
Existing Site
1:2000
Stage Two
Stage Four
Permeable Surfaces
Although the redundant oval is surrounded by two main asphalt roads, the soil itself has good drainage, and will take a well-planned irrigation system in order to utilize the available road.
Partially Dense Vegetation
Not all vegetation was cleared away during the construction of the oval, the problem is that the east side is filled with native eucalypts which tend to be greedy with water.
Partial Sun Exposure
Localising Food Privilege
Food Production Cycle
Grey Water Systems
Urban Biofiltration
Food Production via Open Dam
Roadside Swale
Irrigation System
Garden Beds
Closed Food Production
Food Production via Bioswale
Trees that run along the north end, parallel to Brook Street, Other than that, the site is reasonably exposed. provide a bit of shade for some parts of the day.
Recommended Tools, Cycles and Demonstrations
pg
This chapter is suggesting that a water-responsibility isn’t just simply having new sources of water, but water as a resource that’s open to great potentials for Woomelang. ‘The Rain Dance’ argues why a ‘water-responsible future’ is more progressive than a future which continues to deteriorate the landscape.
The Mallee can be a very dry and arid environment, and with the 80% of water from open bodies evaporating, is it any wonder why the pipeline was a quick means to protect water at the time.
This
chapter aims to communicate design examples which mitigate the dependency of an outsourced supply of water as a way of progressing to a more active and free community.
The following water catchment demonstrations use the tools and formulas in the previous chapter to further resolve how an ambition can be achieved through waterresponsibility.
Furthermore it places the waterresponsibility system in a time sequence as a means customising the design intervention according to the transition of the landscape scenario.
79
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Rain Dance
For You R evegetation
Single Home
Outsourcing
pg
and soil
H ierarchy : If
conservation can help regenerate
81
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
the soil is saline - polluted
it needs to be treated before vegetated .
ecologies and be a long - term incentive to farm land .
Township
Centralising
Townspeople
Security
Farmer
Gardening
Farmers
M
Fruit & Vegetables Soil Conservation
Consider the research project at regional scales . H ow can the decentralised M allee townships be connected through water responsibility ?
Revegetation A Private R eserve
Farmers
strategy for
W oomelang
to outsource and
centralise a secure catchment of water in case of emergencies ( fire , drought , overflow ).
W ater Catchment D emonstration O utsource ( sold) to other farmers .
Farms
Townspeople
O utsource
proximity of town .
to the
township scale .
Personal Gardening (Xeriscape) Localising
fresh food becomes a
lifestyle benefit to the community .
A diagram which uses a series of potential outcomes to frame the variety of water catchments.
within
The Rain Dance
The Master Demonstration
pg 83 pg 83
Rv
The following drawing positions each of the sites that use water-
Se
Revegetation
Town Reservoir As it has remained inactive when the pipeline was complete, retrofitting the landscape and
responsibility as an ambition in which to further test water
water distribution can reactivate it into a secure
catchment demonstrations.
The outcomes have been narrowed down to five key privileges. Each
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
reserve of water thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more self-sufficient.
Fp
Allen Barbary Memorial Oval
Sc
Soil Conservation
This oval has been made redundant for quite some time now, however, it is of a close proximity to the primary school and the main street.
site has a unique criteria in which give the demonstrations an outcome that responds to the landscape scenario while assessing the value and effort invested to which to build these demonstrations.
Sc
Railway Swale (North & South) This is utilizing the large landforms created to facilitate passing trains. The southern
Fp
demonstration is operating with the depreciating landscape whereas the north is an inversion.
Ag
Hopetoun / Sea Lake Road Large pieces of unused land such as this exist as a result of long, 100km roads in which are needed maintain speed. Large farming machinery canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t operate in these areas as well.
Rv
Food Production
Water Security
Se
Abandoned Property - Lascelles Road This property has been abandoned since 2002. Prior to abandonment, the property was used for emu grazing, therefore the soil has been damaged, and the native vegetation are dying.
Sc
Agriculture
Ag
Soil Conservation
The Rain Dance
pg
85
pghe 85War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary T DW rum Flynn Barbary
B Water security is the
and aggregates to clean the
centralisation of water into
water from pollutants.
a reservation so that it can be
is a way of introducing grey
filtered, contained and controlled.
water in the supple system as
The existing site is a reservoir that has remained inactive since 2004. The form of the reservoir is made up of three segments. The Water Security demonstration that is
C
The
D
purified as possible.
The third body digs deeper
A
beneath the surface as a way to
A
mitigate exposure to the sun.
a design which currently only
The Water Security
occupies two out of three of the
demonstration gets most of its
segments, and is made up of three
water from residents that live
bodies which show three different
along
Church street.
ways of securing and filtering
C
04
water.
01
The design ambition for water
B
02
security is to use the existing and retrofitted landscape in order to maximise the prevention of evaportation.
The first body uses a floating mat system, a panel of fabric and buoyant materials which act as a cover of the water while allowing aeration and seepage to prevent
Images 1. Abandoned House on Church Street 2. Locked Reservoir Entrance 3. Old, Pre-existing Channel facing north of the Reservoir 4. View of the Reservoir from the Church Street Vacant Lot.
algae.
Catchment / Distribution Demonstrations
The second is the water filtration body, which acts as the input and
01. Roadside Channel 02. Grey Water Irrigation Systems 03. Pre-existing Channels 04. Proposed Channels
output of water as it uses plants
D 03
20m
40m
The Rain Dance
Water Security
Deep Cooling Body
pg
Filtration Body
87
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Floating Mat Body
1 : 6 0 0 33.6 m
8.0 m
44.2 m
1.9 m
1 : 4 0 0
Section AA
2.0 m
Section BB Floating Mat Body
1 : 4 0 0 Section CC Water Filtration Body 43.1 m
5.9 m
1 : 5 0 0
Section DD Deep Cooling Body
The Rain Dance
Water Security Precedent Study
In the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Banking on the Borderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; project,
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Banking on the Border
1
lateral office provided a set of tools
pg 89 pg 89
Water Distribution Zoning
2
Main Body 02 Township Reservoir
3
which were reapplied to a specific landscape scenario along the mexican
sedimentation
deep storage
slow storage
border while using the collective to provide a public space for locals.
The demonstration developed into an
2
2
3
understanding of how water security will function over time as a means of adapting to climatic changes, seasons, and the need for water.
The diagram below shows how the centralisation and distribution process
1
happens accoring to the climate. In
3
Main Body 01 Cronomby Tanks
winter there is no need to invest water rather than to just accumulate it.
Whereas during summer, demonstrations will need water to support their function due in case of drought seasons.
Demonstrations Zone A 118 Houses 112.2 People 11 Catchment Demonstration Opportunities
The water distribution zoning diagram splits the town into the two allocated water bodies, this is while highlighting site opportunities which can harvest more water.
Water Secured in Cronomby Tanks
Zone B 24 Houses 52.8 People 4 Catchment Demonstration Opportunities Water Secured in Township Reservoir
Water Security Process and Cycle
Seasonal Cycle
1. Design to Facilitate Water Harvest Residential Zones Catchment Demonstration Areas
2. Design to Facilitate Water Distribution and Filtration
Main Storage Bodies (Pre-existing)
Seasonal Cycle
3. Design which Maximises evaporation prevention. Security Demonstration
4. Design which Re-distributes water to demonstrations in-need.
Redistributing water to Demonstrations In-Need.
pg
_ W inter
91
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
_ S ummer
The Rain Dance
pg
Food production the process of engaging the community with the operation and incentives of localising fresh food and vegetables. It is the ideal program
93
pghe 93War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary T DW rum Flynn Barbary
Images 1. Woomelang Oval in the early morning. 2. A.E Barbary Memorial Oval Entrance. 3. Oval Area (Facing West) 4. Next Production Site: New Town Square.
B
D
in which the townspeople can develop their own understanding
Brook Street
of water-responsibility and the maintenance of a healthy soil in order to achieve a viable supply of food.
D
The success of the Food Production
with the implementation of water catchments which are capable of facilitating water to these farms.
In this demonstration, it occupies an unused oval along the main
18.3 m
the farm is providing, combined
C 21.3 m
how many square meters per person
C Woomelang Group School
demonstration is justified through
A
A
street, and is preferably sustained by students of the primary school thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s east of the site.
This 21.3 m
initiative is the first step into
Brook Street (Woomelangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main street) can be
thinking about how
redeveloped into a food production strip in which enriches a connection between the memorial oval and the
B
redeveloped town center.
20.0 m
19.8 m
10m
20m
The Rain Dance
Food Production
pg 95 pg 95
Section AA 1:75
Section BB 1:75
Section CC 1:75
#1 1.05m
swale
Plant roots which Restructure the Soil.
Fine Sand
Soil Bed with Filter Plants
Brook Street
Coarse Rock
#1 1.07m
swale
Irrigating to Farms
Section DD (Detailed) 1:25
Grey Water
Section DD 1:75
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Rain Dance
Food Production
pg
97
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Water Harvest Demonstrations The farmland is split into five types of produce, which engages students
The construction of the swales
in how a variety of vegetables
soil.
grown will change the quantity of
demonstration, the key tool to
water that needs to be harvested
restructure the soil is to grow
on-site.
apricot and orange trees parralel
disturbs the structure of the
For the food production
#1
swale
to the swale so that the root
Crops 1 - 4 are vegetables that are grown in ground. This
system can prevent the swale from
demonstration allows students who
nutrients into the soil.
#3
#2
The growth of these fruit trees function in multiple ways to
Crop 5 is a fruit that can grow in a This so that the design appeals to the older age groups. By planter box.
91.56m2 0.8m 73.248m3
collapsing while rejuvenating the
donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live on a farm to still be able to engage with food security.
#1
area = depth = volume =
support the water harvesting
swale
#2
area = depth = volume =
26.55m2 0.8m 21.24m3
#3 area = 31.29m2 depth = 0.6m volume = 18.77m3 swale
system while also contributing to the production of food.
adjusting the height and the width of the planter boxes, the design reduces the need for elderly people
total area
to struggle and stain when picking
= 149.4m2
vegetables.
total volume
& swale fill
= 113.258m3
The water which feed the crops come from grey water that is discharged from houses along street.
Brook
The water is distributed
through an irrigation system and three large bioswales.
Food Production Crop
#3
farm a
#1
#1
= 342m2
42 rows
#5
farm a
#2
= 416m2
43 rows farm
i
a
#3
= 336m2
37 rows #4 a = 419m2 farm
40 rows farm p a
#4
#5
= 1m x 3m = 63m2
irrigation
#2
= 336m2 7105.95m of pipe a
The Rain Dance
pg
In the past decade there have
The southern part of the railway
been negative changes to the
has a landform which surrounds the
soil ecology in
Woomelang. The
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
train tracks with earth that rises
5 meters high. The catchment
rising water table has caused an
up to
unbearable conditions for native
demonstration uses this steep slope
trees and a more difficult process
as an advantage to redirect water
of rejuvenating the soil ecology
run-off into the catchment.
before farming.
99
A
Another issue
percentage of farm soil becoming
Soil conservation is an ambition which varies according to ........ For this project, it positions the
aerodial, which is when valued top
incentive as a foundation that
soil from farmland become so loose
compliments the productivity of
that it catches in the wind and
the
which is growing more frequent in the farming community is a large
accumulates along fence lines and over productive crops.
A
The soil conservation
Images
demonstrations focuses on two areas of the one landscape scenario.
The water catchment system operates as channels which run parallel to the train track.
The
Railway North
1. Railway North 2. Railway South 3. Saline-Polluted Soil 4. Native Trees Killed by Saline
site has a unique topography due to the amount of earth that was
B
reorganised to facilitate the path for the train.
On the northern part of the railway, the land slopes lower to the train tracks. This means that design will have to facilitate a filtration method in order to filter any materials and metals which may come off the train.
B Railway South
10m
20m
The Rain Dance
Soil Conservation
pg
101
pg 101War TheDW ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The rum Flynn Barbary
C B A
Section One
Soil Treatment Section AA
1:150
The following tools demonstrate ways in
Soil Treatment Section BB
1:150
Soil Rejuvenation Tools
which harvested water can to infiltrate and
a percentage of harvested water used to
restore balance in the soil ecology.
saturate the soil and treat it from pollutants.
This can
either be done through retrofitting the
root system
seeping water from swale
irrigation pump
landscape with materials that slow down the
feeds from lense
creates a water lense
storage tank
flow of water, or the harvested water can
&
treatment of soil happens before
flowing water is
the crop is sewn
filtered through
be irrigated to a secure tank that is accessed prior to sewing farm seeds.
the gabion mat bed.
The demonstration relates to the ‘Greening the Desert II’ precedent study which uses a ‘bottom-up’ approach as a tool to engage the community to understand that it’s possible
water can still slowly seep through the mat
to revegetate the desert area if there is
and into the soil.
an engaging level of understanding the importance of applying permaculture within a saline polluted environment can rejuvenate the foundation which advocates a productive plant growth.
Precedent Study
B
A Sub-Aquifer Lense
Soil Preparation for Sewing
C Gabion Mat
Greening the Desert II
Carving the Swale, often according to the contour.
This is to harvest the water passively.
As the swale fills with water, the water is either
In this project, micro-irrigation
Very drought tolerant
Fruit trees grown
was fixed underneath the
desert trees with nitrogen
parallel to the swale,
harvest through irrigation,
organic matter.
fixing.
this was to not only
or it naturally seeps into
The swale was also mulched.
a lens, stays pooled or
This was to structure the soil.
grow food but to lower the salt levels.
evaporates.
Extruded Soil
500mm Layers of organic
Nitrogen Fixation is the process of
Maturing trees
matter piled on either side of
converting nitrogen to ammonia
restructured the soil
the swale to retain the water
which is synthesised by plants.
after construction.
The Rain Dance
Woomelang is a township that exists primarily through the success of the dryland agriculture industry.
Like most farms, dryland
farming is a tough profession which heavily relies on something as
pg
103
pg 103War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary
A
Images 1. Lambs in a Dry Paddock 2. Site Photo (Facing South) 3. Site Photo (Facing North) 4. Current use which is to store Soils and Aggregates.
unpredictable as rainfall in order to properly thrive.
The agriculture industry in the Mallee Region are valued at an estimate of $191.5 million per year, and contribute a remarkable amount of cereals and other goods to the nations food security. However the water allocation that is given to farmers is highly stressed to the point where it affects the quality of crops as well as a discouraging the prosperity of a farming career.
The agriculture demonstration aims to harvest water in order to facilitate the production of wheat fields nearby.
Wheat is the
most frequently grown product
Woomelang, and each hectare 5 inches of water in order to grow. This becomes the in
requires at least
criteria which the area of wheat needing to be fed dictates the amount of infrastructure required to facilitate the area of wheat.
B
B
A 10m
20m
The Rain Dance
Agriculture
pg
105
pg 105War TheDW ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The rum Flynn Barbary
Section AA 1:150
Section BB 1:150
15.6 m
Criteria
2016 Ambition:
Ag
Wheat
1.5 tonne yield per ha
Required Water
Agriculture Demonstration Criteria 33.19 Hectares of Wheat
25.4cm of water per ha
Ag
Demonstration
7.43m3 of water for 33.19 hectares of wheat
2053 Ambition: Demonstration
Ag Produce
22.3m3 of water for 100.3 hectares of wheat which
Woomelang Farmers Grow
Cereal Crops
29.4% $310.9m
Broadacre Crops
61.7% $211.4m
Livestock
1.5% $45.7m
$
10.4 m 567.7m 1,191.5m
The Rain Dance
pg
During settlement, the Mallee
ecology to allow other species to
region was decided that it would
grow.
be cleared of majority of its
in
native vegetation in order to make
act as a buffer of strong arid winds
room for an an active agriculture
which allow the weaker trees a
landscape.
chance to nourish.
The state government
107
pg 107War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary
Similar to the Lanark project Hamilton, the Casuarina trees
made it a rule that a farmer can only own his share of the farmland
The following sections on the next
if he clears a number of trees per
spread specify what types of trees
hectare.
are used in the design interventions
This cultivated in the
myth that the more available land,
B
and why.
the more successful an agriculture production is.
This demonstration aims to revegetate unoccupied areas in order to protect local endangered
A
species and to rejuvenate the
A
nutrients in the soil.
The site is an abandoned property far north of the township. The soil is in very poor condition because a large area of the property was used to graze an emu farm.
However 2002 the property has been inhabited. The intervention aims since
to use a series of water catchments in order to begin the regrowth of vegetation that is capable of growing in the damaged soil.
The int uses the rejuvenated soil
Images 1. Site Photo (East Entrance) 2. Land Over-Grazed by an Emu Farm 3. A Property thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been abandoned since 2004 4. Mallee Box Pines dying from the harsh weather and poor soil conditions
B
year
2053 a.d
20m
40m
The Rain Dance
Revegetation
pg
109
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
2 3
1
4 Section AA _ 8 Years 1:150
Section AA _ 40 Years 1:150
2 3
1
Section BB _ 8 Years 1:125
4
2 3
1
4
Section BB _ 40 Years 1:150
Revegetation Palette The tree in which astounded settlers as it made a ghost-like roar as a strong breeze would pass by.
3
1
In the past 10 years, poor conditions in the soil have killed majority of these trees in the area.
is a tree in which has lasted the
The remaining species can only be 20kms north of town. This tree becomes the
test of time during the desolation
criteria as the project aims to
of the environment.
rejuvenate the soil nutrients and
In recent years, as the salinity rises and kills local trees, the casuarina
found on a reserve
Allocasuarina luehmannii A tree which has also managed to survive the negative changes to the
Saline-Tolerant Native
Eucalyptus dumosa
Endangered Species
4
2
enable this tree to grow again.
One of many useful long grasses, this particular grass is capable of
environment.
restructuring the soil through its root system, filtering the water
This tree, however, does not
from most pollutants and saline as
grow as tall and as dense as the
well as the sprawling of the plant
casuarina, but still operates well in
enables shade in which mitigates
this landscape and takes less time
evaporation from open bodies of
to mature into adulthood.
water.
Callatric verrucosa
Saline-Tolerant Native
Typha australis
Compitent Long Grass
The Rain Dance
Ambitious Timeline
The master diagram is a way in which demonstrates how these water catchments are not an isolated intervention, and how they grow and change program over time.
The first water investment is to rejuvenate the soil, allowing future interventions to properly nourish.
As soil is being rejuvenated
the food production system can form a connection between the multiple sites along the main street.
The final intervention to
initate is the revegetation, because of the difficulty to see positive results in the landscape being made before the planted trees reach adulthood
The purpose of the time sequences is to then calculate the surface area in which these interventions occupy.
The investment into time,
money and materals is how the project gets closer to answering
O pen W ater C hannel
whether or noth townships such as
Woomelang are worth saving.
P ipe / I rrigation W ater S ecurity B ody F ood P roduction A rea S oil C onservation I mproved F armland R evegetated A reas
pg
111
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
railway swale
The Rain Dance
Ambitious Timeline
pg
113
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
town center
primary school
barbary oval
reservoir
railway swale
sea lake
- hopetoun road
The Rain Dance
in
Ambitious Timeline
2053, water-responsible
catchments will facilitate over half of the surface area in
Woomelang.
This year becomes an important stage in the time sequence because it is the amount of time in which majority fof the trees that are a part of the revegetation design have grown into adulthood.
Therefore Woomelang can begin to see the landscape rejuvenate its ecologies while the water catchment demonstration gets used for another incentive.
The food production industry becomes so dispursed in the township that almost every neighbourhood has a close access to fresh food.
O pen W ater C hannel P ipe / I rrigation W ater S ecurity B ody F ood P roduction A rea S oil C onservation I mproved F armland R evegetated A reas
pg
115
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Rain Dance
Applied Birchip
pg
117
pg 117War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary
Statistics x 662
300 active households
379mm per year
Birchip is another township that is decentralised from assets. After the railway was built (around 1901), Birchip, along with Woomelang,
Other Site Opportunities
was supplied with water from a
Donald. Its allocation of water was stored in man-made large lake in
bodies of mostly in the south end of town.
The only natural body of water is Lake Tchum , which has been inactive since 2002.
Silo Park
The change of site is to test the manuals ability in transforming
Woomelang into a ‘demonstration A town in which has succeeded a water-responsible future and can be re-engineered town’.
and appropriated in other towns such as
Birchip. The re-adaptation
Vacant Lot Johnson Street South
of water catchment demonstrations become another criteria for the manual
If this process isn’t successful, I
P - 12 school
can either conclude that it is only
Woomelang that I’m saving and not decentralised communities, or I can redesign the manual in order to inform how these demonstrations can be made in
Traffic Island
Birchip.
School Tennis Courts
The Rain Dance
Applied Birchip
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
4 4 .2 m Food Prod
uction
pg 119 pg 119
Demonstrations Surface Area
19 .2 m
Zone:
146,271 m2
Roofs:
8,854.3 m2
Asphalt:
11,060 m2
Water Distribution:
3 1. 6 m
Security:
350 m2 1,699.8 m2
Irrigation:
3 9 .2 m Rev egetat
490.9 m2
ion
Food Production Tubers:
1,502.6 m2
Fruit Trees:
49.5 m2
Revegetation:
825 m2
Total Water Responsibility: 2,249 m3 maximum ody
21 .3 m
4 5 .1 m Secur ity B
Local Agriculture: 2.34 m2 per person
10m
20m
pg
After my masters degree I’m wanting to stay in Melbourne and continue to pursue a career. preferably working with a group of people that reflect my moral beliefs on community engagement.
A more specific projection into the near future is to use this project as a platform in which to redesign the
Woomelang. This will include water catchment
new town centre for
demonstrations that feed into a system of localised food production, and a program which enables the harvest to be sold onsite.
This will be my project for the All in the while still
time being.
being curious on getting closer to a more resolved conclusion in
‘The
War Drum’. However tt’ll be great to, once again, interact with home at such a professional and interactive level, and it makes a lot more sense for
Woomelang to design Woomelang than to rope in someone from Bendigo. someone from for
121
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Fox Tree
The Master Criteria
Can
water
catchment
demonstrations
determine that decentralised
Mallee
Communities are worth saving? The sub question was intentionally set up as its own criteria in order to research whether or not
Woomelang is a township thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s worth saving.
pg
t
- Unpopularised farming industry
l
13215.7 m 2
Ou
14,044 m 2
Se Fp
10705.5 m 2
Sc
19.4 ha
Ag
100.3 ha
Rv
10900m 2
2315.7 m 2 119.7 ha
design interventions.
a
24749.5 m 2
are we going to save similar townships
resources in order to facilitate and maintain the
t
2053
why woomelang is worth saving? - Contribution to the Dryland Food Security - Provides homes - Contains a lot of heritage and value - Because if we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t save Woomelang, then how
why woomelang is not worth saving? - Investment in time, infrastructure, money and
o
123
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Fox Tree
A Town Worth Saving
‘Efficiency is not the pathway to sustainability’ the design research
The unfortunate side of
undertaken aims to apply a
viewing the design is that
sound understanding of how
Woomelang is a community
water catchment systems can
to which has never grasped an
operate and sustain in the
opportunity like this project,
Mallee environment. More
and between introducing
specifically how to apply these
this project against the
design interventions through
totalitarian policies and
reinterpreting the process as
infrastructure implemented
a formula thats legible for
by government-supported
the
Woomelang community to
organisations, discourages
acknowledge and adopt into
water-responsibility as proof
their lifestyle.
that it will work and sustain when it is still a hypothetical
One might say that part of
concept.
this project was inspired to
acnowledges the major flaw in
put
Woomelang on the map
This understanding
working vicariously through
as the isolated town that
the community, and that is
fought against the odds of
skepticism.
an impending ‘water war’.
But
the satisfaction that comes from producing a manual is opening ways into which they recognise their own existing landscape as an opportunity to authorise their own rights to an ownership of water.
pg 125 pg 125
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
The Fox Tree
References
Text ‘Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (2013-19)’ Mallee Catchment Management Authority. <http://www. malleecma.vic.gov.au/> ‘Land worth saving : history of Woomelang, Lascelles and Watchupga (1985 and updated every year)’ by the Woomelang and District Historical Society. ‘Greening the Middle East’ by Craig Mackintosh and the Australian Institue of Permaculture < http:// vimeo.com/7658282> Fenton J, ‘The Untrained Environmentalist: How an Australian Grazier Brought His Barren Property Back to Life’ Publisher: Allen & Unwin Seeking Sustainability: Israel’s Evolving Water Management Strategy < www.sciencemag.org> ‘Landscape for Health: Settlement Planning and Development for Better Health in Rural and Remote Indigenous Australia: Visual Story and Documentation’ Sinatra Murphy < http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=728517003190742;re s=IELIND> ‘Biological Soil Crusts’ - USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center - Canyonlands Field Station. < http://fresc.usgs.gov/products/fs/fs-065-01.pdf> ‘How to fight desertification and reverse climate change’, Allan Savory <http://www.ted.com/talks/allan_savory_how_ to_green_the_world_s_deserts_and_reverse_climate_change.html> ‘soil glossary’ Victoria Resource Online <http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/gloss_ac> ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design – the Journey Thus Far’ Tony Wong, Monash University / Australian Journal of Water Resources (2007). ‘An Overview of Water Sensitive Urban Design Practices in Australia’ Tony Wong, Ecological Engineering, Prahan Australia (2005). ‘Managing Urban Stormwater Using Constructed Wetlands’ Tony H F Wong, Peter F Breen, Nicholas L G Somes and Sara D Lloyd. Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Catchment Hydrology and Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University (1999) ‘Pipe Dreams: Water Supply Pipeline Projects in the West’ by Denise Fort, University of New Mexico Law School & Barry Nelson, Natural Resources Defense Council (2012) ‘Banking on the Border’ by Lateral Office. Website Viewed on the 24th of October 2013 < http:// lateraloffice.com/BANKING-ON-THE-BORDER-2012>
pg
127
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
pg
I would like to begin by thanking 2013 family. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve gained so
the mla
much energy and knowledge from you all and will look forward to many more years to come.
To my loving parents, Craig and Lyn, to my brother Korey, and to my sister Taryn. xx I would also like to thank Charles Anderson, Natasha Morgan, Liz Herbert, Jock Gilbert, Marieluise Jonas, Rose Monacella & Craig Douglas for their support as tutors in the
2013 mla program. I offer my eternal gratitude to Alistair Kirkpatrick, Judy Rogers, Flynn Hart, Dan Nunan & SueAnne Ware for making the five years of my scholar an era to remember, and
I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t thank you
enough.
And finally I would like to thank the friends and family of the
Woomelang and Lascelles
community who have managed to show support for myself and each other for all these years.
I could not have asked for a more inimitable and nurturing environment to have been born and raised in.
129
The War Drum / Flynn Barbary
Published by Flynn Barbary (2013) As apart of the RMIT Master of Landscape Architecture Practice.