AGRO - FRAGMENT
---- New Design Strategies for Urban Farmland Chengwei Zhu
AGRO-FARGMENT
New Design Strategy of Urban Farmland
Chengwei Zhu City, as a growing element worldwide, lost in economic slowdown after 2008 and its impact has swept the globe following the globalization. Within this context, as a landscape architect, how to design the urban landscape when there is both opportunities and challenges? The design seeks to create a new design strategy to urban through utilization urban fragmentary spaces. There are a lot of fragmented spaces in city block available for landscape regardless of the density and scale of city. Those fragmentary spaces can be looked as the virgin territory. Agro-fragment is going to transform the fragmentary spaces from isolation to sociable urban farmland, which will then change the city façade by reconnecting the food and common life.
CBD. However, like the city, the urban farm should also become multifunctional. Agrofragment is a new model of urban farmland, which aims to innovate the city from the perspective of survivance as well as aesthetics, enjoyment, sociality and etc. The citizens would rediscover their city and food by this project.
Food, as Carolyn Steel said, once shaped our honourable cities is abandoned by the city itself. ‘One of the great ironies of modern food systems is that they’ve made the very thing they promised to make easier much harder.’ As the economy slowdown proves the failure of our modern model of city development, the re-connection to food is a viable option. Cuba has shown its potentiality. How will agriculture reshape our concrete forest? The first design method is productive urban farmland. From one single production to supporting the whole city’s consume, there are many plans I have tried to create productive farmland in Melbourne The urban farmland is not far away from Melbourne. There are quite a lot projects being implemented in Melbourne. There are only two of them. This shows even in the city like Melbourne, which is famous for its beautiful landscape, the urban farmland is still popular among citizens.
View of Urban Farmland in Melbourne beside Yarra River, NearMap, 2012
Collingwood Children’s Farm in Melbourne beside Yarra River, NearMap, 2012
WHAT IS FRAGMENTARY SPACE? There are a range of spaces functioned in the city. For example, apartments are used for living and streets are used for crossing. However there are also a lot of spaces, which mostly do not have or lose their specific original functions. This group of spaces is defined as the fragmentary spaces. The form of the fragmentary spaces varies in a lot of ways from a deserted end of footpath, an isolated wasteland surrounded by fences to an abandoned building. These spaces are relatively independent, blocked and hard to approach, which are not physically connected together but spread in the whole city like fragments. Meanwhile, these spaces are full of potentiality. Graffiti can be looked as repurpose of the fragmentary spaces in Melbourne. As the table shown, the fragmentary spaces are quite different to each other. But think about it, if all those area turned into landscape, how stunning the Melbourne CBD would be. This will lead to my research question; how can fragmentary spaces in Melbourne CBD be used in new urban farmland design for re-connection the agriculture to the city life, which helps people rediscover their familiar city and food?
These two pictures are taken during my investigation, which is going to find out the available fragmentary spaces in Melbourne CBD. The site situations are very different from every one, but the common point is their alternative existing functions. They will be the virgin territory of my project.
View of wasteland in Melbourne beside Victoria Street, Chengwei Zhu, 2012
View of wasteland in Melbourne beside A’Beckett Street, Chengwei Zhu, 2012
Free
Wasteland
Low Rent
Car Park
Cost
Permanent The Fragmentary Spaces in City
Permanent/ Temporary
Available now Temporary Available later
On the ground
Interior Space Forms Vertical Wall/Facade
Roof
Underground
The diagram shows how the fragmentary spaces located in city?
Car parks will be unused when people star t to us e public transportation.
Offices are futile after the companies bankrupt. the facade could be a thriving vineyard in the near future.
the rooftop could be productive.
The pathway is desolate when people are leaving city.
The Location of forms of fragmentary spaces in a digital urban scene
WHERE IS THE FRAGMENTARY SPACES IN MELBOURNE CBD? Swanston St and Lonsdale St
3
s Lon
1
2
Sw ans ton St
e St da l
This site locates in the central of Melbourne CBD, which has very high building and population density. Standing in the intersection of Lonsdale St and Swanston St, people will obviously fill the constriction from the surrounding highrises. However, there are still quite a lot of fragmentary spaces. As buildings are already extensively be built on the site, the fragmentary spaces will occur in temporarly. It is also very hard to have free-rent spaces in this area. So it is need to pay for using those fargmentary spaces. From the picture, the former old style office buildings have been pulled down to
rebuild new shopping center. During the construction process, this area becomes fragmentary space, which provides possibility to improve it into agro-fragment.
Free
Low Rent
Permanent
Temporary
On the ground
Interior Space
Vertical Wall/Facade
Roof
Underground
1, Car Park on Lonsdale St
2, Roof Car Park
3, Construction Plant on Lonsdale St
WHERE IS THE FRAGMENTARY SPACES IN MELBOURNE CBD?
ee
nS t
Queen St and Flinders St
Qu
Flin der s St
2
1
This site is on the Flindes Street, which on the edge of Melbourne CBD. The building density is been reduced compared with the former site, which suggests the more of fragentary spaces on the ground. On the other hand, Yara river will bring steam to the site and it is helpful to reduce temperature and rise humidity. It will also hence the flow of fresh air. So it will be more suitable for the plant to survive. If the fragmentary spaces on the north bank are untilized by landscape project, the facade will be totally changed. Now, the old rusty train line is hardly accepted as the symble of north bank. But the design can change it by adding colourful and
3
mutifunctional landscape. What's more, the central mall and underbridge space probably can be used permanently and freely. From the two site investigation, the fragmentary spaces are spread in Melbourne CBD by different forms and times. As the economy keeping slowdown, there will be more and more spaces in CBD turning into fragmentary spaces.
Free
Low Rent
Permanent
Temporary
On the ground
Interior Space
Vertical Wall/Facade
Roof
Underground
1, Cental Mall on Queen St
2, Underbridge Space
3, Roof Car Park on Bond St
H O W C A N F R A G M E N TA R Y S PA C E S I N MELBOURNE CBD BE USED IN NEW URBAN FARMLAND DESIGN FOR RE-CONNECTION THE AGRICULTURE TO THE CITY LIFE, WHICH HELPS PEOPLE REDISCOVER THEIR FAMILIAR CITY AND FOOD?
Montage of Agro-Fragment
RESEARCH DIAGRAM Sustainance Enjoyment SCALE
FOOD
CALORY
EVENT
Economy BACKGROUND
JOB
Ecology HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT AIR QUALITY
Aesthetics
Quality
CREATE DIFFERENCE A NEW TYPOLOGY OF SPACE IN CITY PARK
PREFERENCE
COOKING
SHARING
SPACE
MAXIMUM PRODUCTION
TEMPERATURE
WASTE AREA
CHEAP FOOD
WIND SPEAD
BARTER
SOIL QUALITY
WASTE UNTILIZATION RENT
ROAD
CAR PARK BUILDINGS
WASTE TREATMENT
CHANGE GROWTH DYNAMIC SEASONING DYNAMIC COLOUR DYNAMIC TEXTURE AND MATERIAL SPATIALITY CITY FACADE
OLD MEMEORY FARMING FEATURES FARMING LIFE STYLE
FRESH FOOD ORGANIC FERTILIZER
S C
C ER
The Connection Diagram
Society and Knowledge Culture FOOD COMMUNICATION
RESEARCH
FOOD VALUE
FOOD AWARENESS
LIFE’S CHANGE
GROWING KNOW HOW
Stack
Link
RECREATION
Fusion
The project is related to food production and city. Simply, it is about grow food in city. It looks easy to describe what am I going to do, but why? So I have to separate the big question into several parts. Firstly, what is the relationship between food production and city life? As shown in research diagram, there are 8 main parts what the urban farmland can affect the city. I have tried several ways to connect the urban farmland and city life. In Project A, the way of connection is stack. I was trying to put the level of urban farmland into city circumstance through the economy part. In the biginning of Project B, the
way of connection is link. I tried to feed all melbourne citizens in 2035 by urban farmland. By calculation the calories of consume, the food production can be linked to the city life. Now, I am trying to fuse both. The urban farmland should be one part of the city, which can affect the city not only in economy or sustainance, but the left 6 parts as well.
PROJECT A
PROJECT A
in
Melbourne
new design strategies for the farmland in melbournev
ADR MASTERS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
ZHU CHENGWEI PETER
STUDENTS NO. 3295049 EMAIL, S3295049@STUDENT.RMIT.EDU.AU
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN RMIT UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA 2012
Contents Research question Title, Sub title and Abstract Acknowledgments Economy in melbourne The outcome of research question What is fragmentary spaces? Project implement schedule Project a design schedule Illustration sequence adjustment Chapter 1 "mushroom city" Chapter 2 high density urban block farms Chapter 3 farming our suburbs Conclusion
1 2 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 16 37 51 61
Research question: how can fragmentary spaces in Melbourne be used as a design tool for providing food following the economic tendency.
Farming in Melbourne new design strategies for the farmland in melbourne
Abstract: my research in focus on the different s t r at e g i e s o f c u lt i v a t i o n w i t h i n architecture complexes following the economic tendency. The project will be responsive to the particulars of predicted economic slowdown, social and spatial context developing designs calibrated to the site condition. A core component would be a flexible s y s t e m o f e s ta b l i s h e d f o r l a n d u t i l i z at i o n , w h i c h w i l l p l ay t o t h e ava i l a b l e c o n d i t i o n s o f e c o n o m i c situation in order to support the urban farm project. Instead of redesign the site. The land utilization principle is to modify the site by integrating the multifarious advantages to explore the possibility of the project.
"This is a very delicate moment. The economy is already very imbalanced." nouriel doubini dr. doom 2005
In 2005 Roubini said home prices were riding a speculative wave that would soon sink the economy.
“We have sort of become a nation of whiners.” Phil Gramm economic adviser 2008
The 2008–2012 global recession, is a marked global economic decline that began in December 2007 and took a particularly sharp downward turn in September 2008.
Melbourne GDP per capita growth 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0%
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2019
2027
2035
2043
2051
2059
-2.0% -4.0%
data presentation
fundamentada prediction
undemonstrable prediction
2067
From the 2010-2011 Australian Cities Accounts report, the overall pattern is similar to GDP growth, but in the more recent years the per capita growth has been more modest. That is, the economic growth has barely been able to keep pace with the strong population growth experienced in Melbourne over the past three years. But from the report, Economic Outlook for Melbourne, released by SGS, the overall economic growth would become modest after 2011 while the labor population will decrease to 50% in 2031. This situation is, in a sense, economic slowdown. Also in consideration of the impact of the current economic crisis, the economic tendency is pessimistic. After 2031, there is no demonstrable prediction. However in all probability, the city will experience another economic recession following the regularity economic tendency.
8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0%
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
Research question
2011
2019
2027
2035
2043
2051
2059
2067
Melbourne GDP per capita growth
Along with the economic situation in the lower and the unemployed the increase of population, cities can produce more and more problems, which are against the original urban planning. The tramp and protestors would bring risk to the city, at the same time, more and more offices be unused. Furthermore, many functional buildings will also suffer abandoned. There will be a vicious cycle in city.
It is available to take advantage of the abandoned fragmentary spaces in city to provide services for basic life, for example, food and living. On the basis of the existing site conditions and after improving infrastructure, it is one of the first needs to consider under the economic recession that a city cans product food to support itself.
So how can fragmentary spaces in Melbourne be used as a design tool for providing food following the economic tendency.
what is fragmentary spaces? The fragmentary spaces are obscure and isolated in city, which in a high proportion, are functional buildings. Meanwhile, those spaces should also be likely abandoned for economic slowdown.
the facade could be a thriving vineyard in the near future.
v
Car parks will be unused when people start to use public transportation.
The pathway is desolate when people are leaving city. Offices are futile after the companies bankrupt.
the fargmentary spaces would expand to the suburbs as economy goes worse.
the rooftop could be productive.
project schedule There are 3 parts of the project as time goes on. The first stage, from 2019 to 2027, is theoretical test. During the first stage, the overall economic situation is quite optimistic, which is beneficial to the test and adjustment. The general objective is capital accumulation, site testing, farming soil cultivation and energy supply system. Between 2027 and 2035, the project moves to the second stage – formal operation. The project committee would buy the use right of potential sites in city when the unemployment rate starts to rise. After improving the infrastructure of the sites, we are going to plant grains and vegetables which are affordable to the most of the citizens preparing for the imminent economic recession. After 2035, when labor force percentage is under 50%, there would be more and more places being affected by the impact of the economic crisis. This would also be an opportunity to expand the project from city to suburbs even outskirts.
economic slowdown Preparation 1st stage 2nd stage
economic recession 3rd stage
destination theoretical work
theoretical test
formal operation
moderate expansion
methodology implementation fund accumulation
site
fund operation
fund operation
site investment
fund accumulation
infrastructure
welfare expenditure
site operation
site expansion
site
site
car park
city
vertical wall
suburb
roof
site synthesis
outskirts
pathway empty office vegetation high yield high nuturition infrastructure preparation matrix soil power support system
vegetation high nuturition
cultivation vegetation livestock
project schedule
economic slowdown Preparation 1st stage 2nd stage destination theoretical work
theoretical test
formal operation
methodology implementation fund accumulation
fund operation site investment infrastructure site operation
site
site car park vertical wall roof
site synthesis
pathway empty office vegetation
vegetation
high yield
high nuturition
high nuturition infrastructure preparation matrix soil power support system
the recovery of city during recession
urbanism vs economy
Febrruary 2012
project a design schedule
horizontal densitication
farmland urbanism
economic recession 3rd stage moderate expansion
fund operation fund accumulation welfare expenditure site expansion site city suburb outskirts
cultivation vegetation livestock
farming our high density mushroom city suburbs urban block on la trobe st farms
mushroom city May 2012
project a design schedule the recovery of city during recession
urbanism vs economy
horizontal densitication
farmland urbanism
Febrruary 2012
The chapter shows how the project developed from February 2012 to May 2012. At first, the title, “the recovery of city during recession”, seems like a report from the school of economy. Next, after the folly making and precedents investigation stage, I randomly choose Forest hill chase shopping centre as the first site for testing how the urban farming project would looks like. The conclusion of the first design is the site should be located in a high-density and low-open space centre. Then I started to design the blocks around La Trobe St in city. However, the unique component of city is its microclimate. The design should follow and utilize the microclimate information. So I have the third design – “Mushroom City”.
farming our high density mushroom city suburbs urban block on la trobe st farms
mushroom city May 2012
illustration sequence adjustment
Febrruary 2012
farming our suburbs design process
April 2012
high density urban block farms
illrstration process
2035
May 2012
2027
2019
mushroom city After the final presentation of project a, the structure of the project has been reconfigured. Different from the original subsequence, the project will be illustrated in reverse.
Chapter 1 Mushroom city New design strategies for the farmland in Melbourne CBD How to design a fresh mushroom production chain in Melbourne CBD by using the car park block? And how will the mushroom farmland become symbiotic with the site which can change the urban landscape façade while providing spatial experience for citizens? 1 2 3 4
a fresh mushroom production chain in Melbourne CBD the mushroom farmland become symbiotic with the matrix changing the urban landscape façade providing spatial experience for citizens
Abstract: ‘Mushroom city’ is a design strategy to create and cultivate farming pots and social spaces within architecture complexes with high-density population. Flexible in natural, the mushroom farmland will be responsive to the particulars of social and spatial context, developing programs and designs calibrated to the site condition. A core component will be a creative system of established for fresh, healthy mushrooms. Energy collection, mushroom cultivation, fungus selling and room of enjoying food will work corroboratively to support the urban farm project. The second component will be the symbiotic relationship between the design farmland and the site matrix – urban car park. Instead of totally changing the original function of car park, the final design is a process of integrating the mushroom farm with the car park. Which means the design would take full advantage of the site condition and exploring the interaction with car parking. The focus of the farming room will be a sustainable design. – Engaging, and activating their minds and bodies. Students and office workers have a limited schedule and suffer disproportionately from a lack of access to fresh food. There are fast food options, liquor stores, and grocers around the site. This lack of fresh, healthy, cheap food is unfortunately a typical condition affecting the city expansion project, with particular challenges for their residents. The urban farm project will support increased health and nutrition of population simultaneously affecting the ordinary city life through economy, environment and social communication.
economic slowdown 1st stage
2019
2027
destination theoretical work
theoretical test
implementation fund operation
fund accumulation
site car park
"mushroom city"
vertical wall roof precedents pathway empty office vegetation high yield propotion
high nuturition infrastructure preparation matrix soil power support system
land utilization circulation
autonomous system
the recovery of city during recession
urbanism vs economy
horizontal densitication
farmland urbanism
accumulating fund by selling high values fungis
the potential sites should be badly affected by the economic slowdown.
80% mainly growing the fungis for selling 10% secondarily growing the high nuturition vegetations for compatibility test
fungis 1
vegetebles 4
energy collection
grains 6
corn 8
energy store
farming our high density mushroom city suburbs urban block on la trobe st farms
10 years
energy operation
mushroom city
mushroom and fungis growing in city car park
Why mushroom? The first stage, from 2019 to 2027, is theoretical test. During the first stage, the overall economic situation is quite optimistic, which is beneficial to the test and adjustment. The general objective is capital accumulation, site testing, farming soil cultivation and energy supply system. However mushroom and fungi is the best choice which not only is popular and profitable, but can endure the shadow environment and fertilize the soil as well. fund accumulation
site
vegetation
The Australian Mushroom industry is well-structured and growing strongly. The industry's levy-funded marketing and R&D activities have played a significant part in this success. Looking to the future, it is clear there are significant opportunities for continued growth. Market research shows that we can use strong h e a lt h m e s s a g e s to drive increased consumption.
Mushrooms do not contain chlorophyll. they are a fungus, and a r e i n a c o m p l e t e ly different kingdom than plants. They feed on dead plant matter like decaying trees. Most fungi grow under ground or where it is very dark. Some extend chutes above ground, or into the open air, but this is not to gather sunlight. It is to spread their spore for reproduction.
Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of o r g a n i c m at t e r a n d have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests.
infrastructure preparation
They have long been used as a direct source of food, such as mushrooms and truffles, as a leavening agent for bread, and in fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Mushrooms are a low-calorie food u s u a l ly e at e n ra w o r c o o k e d t o p r o v i d e ga r n i s h t o a m e a l . Ra w dietary mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins, such as riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid, and the essential minerals, selenium, copper and potassium. Fat, carbohydrate and calorie content are low, with absence of vitamin C and sodium (table, right). When exposed to ultraviolet light, natural ergosterols in mushrooms produce vitamin D2,[20] a process now exploited for the functional food retail market.
Fungi investigation
White mushroom Agaricus bisporus in immature stage usually presents white or light brown, and its shape is round and thick. In western countries it is usually called button mushroom.
Portobello mushroom When Agaricus bisporus matures, mushrooms umbrella will open and deepen. The outlook presents to natural dark brown. In west, it is called Portobello.
Black fungi Black velvet colour with an intense flavour. Great for soups and stir fries or simply slice finely as a black garnish.
Shimeji mushroom Shimeji have a delicate, sweet flesh with a nutty flavour. Separate from the base before using. Ideal for stir and pan frying or as an adding to soup and clear broths.
Enoki mushroom A mild fruity and a crunchy texture when eaten raw. Separate and trim the base before using the stems and caps. Best enjoyed raw in salads or sandwiches and can also be used in soups, clear broths and stir fries.
Shiitake mushroom With a prominent, rich and earthy flavour they are best cooked long and slow over low temperature. They are excellent in risotto, stir fries, casseroles & sauces. With no need to peel, simply remove the stem and they can be blanched prior to cooking.
Oyster mushroom Named for their unique oyster shape, they have a moist and delicate flesh. There is no need to peel, simply wipe away any dirt with a damp cloth or pastry brush before adding to soups and stir fries of simply saute as a side dish.
Site selection
Different from the former design, as specialising in growing mushrooms in urban car park, the final design starts from the site selection. Where is the best car park for growing mushrooms in city? There are 4 main factors; temperature, humidity, shadow and site condition. Basic on the living condition of mushroom, which needs comparatively low temperature and comparatively high humidity, so the potential site locates in the waterfront area city.
Compared with other types of the potential sites, car parks are hugely influenced by t h e e c o n o m i c s l o w d o w n and it is hard to find related precedents. Af ter 2019, presumably, there will be a lot of car parks abandoned when it is available to purchase the use right in a relatively low price. The design would also affect the citizens around and the city facade. So, I decide to design the pa r k i n g l o t i n t h e f i r s t chapter.
There are 11 car parks in the waterfront area. Some are just simple car parking blocks, while others are accompanied with business functions.
Compared with the potential sites, the car park on bond st is a ideal place to grow mushroom, as it is near Yarra river where the river will bring a lot of steam to reduce the temperature and rise the humidity. What’s more, there are two huge volumes of high rises standing north of the car park blocking the sunshine. Also the car park is an independent block whose usage is quite simple and more easy to deal with the servitude.
The site is the car park on bond st.
Humidity analysis
Temperature analysis a d b c
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c
f
e
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Shadow analysis Swanston st
Elizabeth st
Bond st
Site
Queen st
Flinders st
j
i
Potential site analysis
Flinders lane
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h
j
shadows
10th January 9.20am
10th March 11.20am
10th May 13.20am
Microclimate investigation 18th May 1.00 pm 46.9%
19.3℃
45.9%
19.2℃
45.6%
19.1℃
45.4%
18.9℃
45.4%
18.9℃
44.9%
19.3℃
44.0%
19.4℃
43.1%
19.7℃
41.5%
19.8℃
41.7%
20.0℃
In order to keep the main function of the car park, the ‘mushroom city’ is only applied to 3 levels of the whole block. According to the site investigation, the top three levels is suitable for the design back on the datum of temperature and humidity. So following last design concept, the floors still be divided into three parts: energy collection - sporulation fruiting. Along with thus 3 functions of mushroom growing, the human experience would also separate into roof garden - interior maze - interior hills, which attracts citizens’ participation.
10th July 15.20am
10th September 17.20am
10th November 13.20am
The car park is hard to receive sunlight during most of the year.
Precedents CH2 building
CH2 is located at 240 Little Collins Street, Melbourne 3000. Since its completion in 2006, CH2 has changed the landscape of its local area, and inspired developers and designers across Australia and the world. The building has generated substantial interest, with many people keen to see for themselves how its features appear and work.
Jardin de la connaissance
2000 dutch pavilion
By introducing the book as a material in the garden, Jardin de la Connaissance offers an evocative cultural frame to examine transformational processes inherent in nature. Invoking the mythic relation between knowledge and nature, integral to the concept of ‘paradise’, we invite the emotional involvement of the visitor by exposing these fragile and supposedly timeless cultural artefacts to the processes of decomposition.
Expo 2000 was the first World Expo in Germany and was held from June 1 to October 31, 2000 at the fairgrounds of Hanover under the motto of Man, nature and technology home of a new world. The goals: to achieve an exhibition with visions for the future and models for the balance between man, nature and technology, and provide solutions for the coexistence of more than 6 billion people on our planet.
Draft designv 1st draft I get the inspiration from the 3 precedents. The project, “Melbourne city”, should not only the productive farmland but also a landscape project merged with urban environment. It is going to design a system that can utilize the microclimate and support itself to product organic mushroom. Meanwhile, the design will also encourage visitors’ participation. Because of the dark living condition of mushrooms, the car park will be transformed to be a interior fungi maze, where you can close your eyes and relax yourself. It is an absolutely intriguing experience for visitors. Talking to the roof, the roof garden will grow grains and corns to test which is the best for Melbourne CBD while the solar panels and windmills can start to collect the solar energy and rainfall. 0m
2nd draft
Plan of roof
Plan of level 8
Plan of level 7
Section of roof
Section of level 8
Section of level 7
Roof Level 9
Level 8
5m
20m
Level 7
living requirement Temperature
℃
Temperature requirement during sporulation
v
20-25 Temperature 30
20-25
22-28
25-28
22-25
22-24
20-25
℃
Temperature and humidity requirement during fruit
20
10 85
Cultivation
90
95
Humidity %
Basic on the living requirement and the a n a ly s i s o f t h e i n t e r i o r m i c r o c l i m at e , i reasonably arrange the mushroom living pattern.
growing schedule and microclimate control
JANUARY
MARCH
sporulation
APRIL
fruit
MAY
JULY
sporulation
AUGUST
fruit
SEPTEMBER
NOVEMBER
sporulation
DECEMBER
fruit
How to control the interior microclimate? There is a quite easy method to achieve good effect. From the table and s k e tc h e s , d u r i n g s u m m e r , the moveable wall on facade will open which brings cool air while being close when winter. Thus also helps to control the humidity inside. The rainfall collected from the roof garden is stored i n t h e w at e r ta n k o n t h e ground floor. Part of the water will be speeded in air during transport to increase the humidity. The faucet is changeable which will helps to make rain and fog in the car park. All energy supporting the running of the whole s y s t e m i s m a i n ly f r o m t h e building supporting system.
Roof plan
Morphologies
Modular design is used as a m e t h o d o l o gy d u r i n g t h e whole design process. Based on the sketches, it starts with filling the plan by grids. Then the morphologies will suggest the best pattern with c o n s i d e rat i o n o f f u n c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s . N o t o n ly in “Mushroom City�, this methodology is also applied in the rest as well.
Morphologies As to imitate the natural living condition of mushrooms, the cultivating pot firstly is set on the columns in the building. Then the pattern expands from the interior depth to outside facade, which keep the outskirt empty as the pathway. The width of the path in maze is basic on 0.5 meters module. Some is so narrow that only allow one visitors to pass, some is wide enough for couples to stay, other is open for groups to observe the growing mushrooms.
Levels 1-6 plan
Levels 7-8 plan
Section
1 3 2
4
5
6
7
legend 1 windmill 2 corn land 3 solar panel 4 wheat land 5 mushroom culturation wall 6 m o va b l e w a l l s w i t h mushroom 7 car park
The section shows how the m u s h r o o m fa r m l a n d b e i n g symbiotic with parking cars. What’s more, the mushroom on the facade will absorb the automobile exhaust with the air flow, which helps to reduce the air pollution in city.
multi-programing THROUGH THE ANALYSIS, THE DIAGRAMS SHOW WHETHER SURROUNDING RESIDENTS, victoria uni STUDENTS OR OFFICE WORKERS HAVE THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE SITE WHICH NOT ONLY CAN BECOME A BASE OF FRESH VEGETABLES, ALSO CAN TURN INTO A PLACE LEISURE ACTIVITIES. WHAT’S MORE, AS IT IS CLOSE TO MELBOURNE CENTRE WHERE A LOT OF PEOPLE ATTEND BY TRAIN, LARGE NUMBERS OF TOURISTS WILL BE ATTRACTED TO THE SITE. THE DIAGRAMS CLEARLY SHOW THE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS IN WEEKS AND WEEKENDS. DURING THE WEEK, OFFICE WORKERS ARE THE MAIN VISITORS AS IT IS A GOOD PLACE FOR LUNCH AND GETTING FRESH CHEAP VEGETABLES. THUS THEY CAN SavE THE TIME OF GOING TO MARKETS AFTER WORK. IN THE WEEKEND, LEISURE PEOPLE INCLUDING TOURISTS AND SPORTS FANS WILL MORE OCCUPY THE SPACE. THE PATTERN OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS WON’T CHANGE A LOT BECAUSE THEY PREFER DINING OUT WITH MORE CHOICE.
IN THE WEEK INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
OFFICE WORKERS
RMIT STUDENTS OUT OF CITY
RESIDENTS IN THE SITE
TOURISTS
WEEKEND RESIDENTS IN THE SITE
PEOPLE OUT OF CITY
SPORTS FANS
TOURISTS
SPECIAL DAYS CHRISTMAS
THE THIRD CHART SHOWS THE SPECIAL PERIOD IN A YEAR OF TIME. DURING CHRISTMAS AND CHINESE NEW YEAR, THERE OBVIOUSLY WILL BE MORE VISITORS. AND THE AFL FINAL DAY IS TO CONSIDER ABOUT THE SITUATION OF A BIG AMOUNT OF PEOPLE COMING IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. DURING THE FINAL EXAM OF EACH SEMESTER, THE SITE WILL GATHER MORE STUDENTS AS IT IS NEAR RMIT, WHICH CAN BE LOOKED AS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE.
AFL FINAL DAY
CHINESE NEW YEAR
THE EXAMING WEEK
Chapter 2 High density urban block farms New design strategies for the farmland in urban
economic slowdown 2st stage
2027
2035
destination theoretical work
theoretical test
implementation fund operation
fund fund accumulation operation site investment infrastructure site operation site
"high density urban block farms"
site synthesis
vegetation high nuturition
propotion
land utilization circulation
the recovery of city during recession
urbanism vs economy
horizontal densitication
farmland urbanism
buy the use right of potential sites from the owner
improving the interior infrastructure
start to operate the project
the site consept this stage unites all different kinds of site in city.
80% growing the high nuturition vegetations for compatibility test
fungis 1
vegetebles 4
grains 6
farming our high density mushroom city suburbs urban block on la trobe st farms city farmland project
corn 8
mushroom city
10 years
site
THE URBAN BLOCK BETWEEN THERRY ST AND LATROBE ST, SWATON ST AND ELIZABETH ST
site sections
SECTION1
SECTION2
SECTION3
SECTION4
THE SECTIONS SHOWS HOW MANY THE FIRST USED TYPR OF LAND CAR PARK LOCATES IN THE SITE. FROM THE SECTION, IT SHOWS THAT THE CONDITION IS COMPLEX. HOWEVER IT ALSO SUGGESTS THAT I CAN FLEXIBLY USE THE LAND BY APPLYING VARIOUS FUNCTIOS TO THE POTENTIAL SITE.
SECTION5
SECTION6
SECTION7
PHOTOS
candidate vegetables
fungis 1
vegetebles 4
grains
corn
6
8
10 years
Wheat is the largest proportion of vegetables grew in the second chapter.
Full sun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
corn/radish pumpkin/peas/beans tomatoes Shade spinach/cabbage/broccoli carrots leeks/potatoes lettuce/cauliflower/onions Deep shade mushrooms/mints These diagrams show the further classification of plants. The first diagram is according to the needs of sunshine, into full sun, shade, and deep shade. Each catalogue has a certain number of plants to respond to the different regions of the site. The second chart shows the options for the best planting time and its growth cycle. But this is only the reference standard,as a lot of plants can be planted in Melbourne any time of the year round. However the plants growth cycles may help planners build a periodic planning project. In addition, because most planning time locates on spring, summer, and fall, the site would be used to increase the nutrients and other purposes during winter. That reflects the circulation of the site’s usage. In addition, there is a certain amount of greenhouses in site used to grow crops of high economic value, such as coffee beans.
Project system
NOT ONLY THE FARMING PROCESS, THE PROJECT WILL ALSO PROVIDE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR DIFFERENT PEOPLE TO COMUNICATE WITH HOW THEY ENJOY THE FOOD. IT ALWAYS HAPPENS THAT LOCAL PEOPLE GO TO ASK THE ASIAN COOK: HOW YOUR GUYS COOK THE CHINESE BROCCOLI? THIS DEIGN ENCOURAGES PEOPLE MAKE IT HAPPEN IN THE SITE.
THE FARMING PROCESS FROM SEEDING TO FINAL SELLING CAN E MERGED INTO ONE BUILDIG THAT SAVES THE URBAN SPACE.
THE HDUB FARMLAND IS A OPEN OPPERATING SYSTEM WITH THE CAPACITY TO EXPAND. THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS HOW THE FARMLAND BE SPREADED TO ALL OF THE CITY.
THE FARMING ORIGIN, THE SUPERMAETS THE RESTAURANT, AND THE INDOOR CLIMBING, FOUR DIFFERENT OBJECTS ARE ACTUALLY BASIC ON THE FOOD-MOVING CHAIN - FROM FOOD GROWING TO FOOD CONSUMING. IN THE SITE, THIS CHAIN WILL BE COMBINED TOGETHER WHICH I THNIK WOULD CREATE SOME NEW EXPERIENCE FOR THE CITIZENS. CLIMBING IN THE VERTICAL FARMING WALL, ENJOYING THE SUNSET ON THE FARMING ROOF WITH A CUP OF LATTE SUCH PROGRAMS WILL BUILD A NEW RECREATION SYSYTEM RELATED TO THE HDUB FARMS.
SHADOWS ANALYSIS
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTEMBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
WIND DIRECTION
THE SUNSHINE ANALYSIS MIXED WITH THE WIND DIRECTION ANALYSIS
SHADOWS ANALYSIS THROUGH THE WHOLE AND MONOMER SUNSHINE ANALYSIS, I FOUND THAT, BECAUSE THE SITE LOCATES IN THE SAKE OF CENTRAL DOWNTOWN AREA, THE SUNSHINE IS MORE AFFECTED BY THE BLOCKING OF THE HIGH RISES. BUT THE TIME OF SUNSHINE STILL CAN BE GUARANTEED. THERE IS NECESSARY TO CLASSIFY THE OPTIONAL PLANTS ACCORDING TO THEIR REQUIREMENTS OF SUNSHINE. THE THREAT OF WIND IS ANOTHER PROBLEM BECAUSE OF THE EXISTING HIGHLEVELS, THE PLANTING PLOTS WILL NEEDED TO BE FIRMED IF IT IS OUTSIDE. HOWEVER THERE ARE ALSO QUITE A LOT OF ADVANTAGES FROM 5.00 THE HIGHLEVELS. ONE IS THAT IT WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR VERTICAL VIRILESCENCE FOR 7.00 GROWING VEGETABLES. ANOTHER IS THE RAINWATER CAN BE MORE COLLECTED FOR THE IRRIGA9.00 TION SYSTEM.
12.00
THE SUNSHINE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE BUILDING
14.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
site classification
Roof
Street
c
b
Car park
Vertical wall
A
There are 4 types of potential site for second stage, roof, street, car park and vertical wall. Firstly, it seems like too complex as each type of site has its own function. But from the folly, which is another methodology, I have an idea. Why can’t we merge all of them together? Then I made some montages to give myself a picture how would the project looks like. However these perspectives can’t actually explain any problems during design.
Perspectives
ab
c
design
From the folly, several paralleled surfaces need to be reshaped in order to connect to each other. If there is a surface, it becomes functional by being reshaped.
perspectives
Chapter 3 Farming our suburbs How to design a food chain in city and simultaneously activate the residents around by involving into the farming process?
economic recession 3rd stage
2035
2067
destination theoretical work
moderate expansion
implementation fund operation
fund operation fund accumulation welfare expenditure site expansion site city suburb
"farming our suburbs"
outskirts
cultivation vegetation livestock
propotion
land utilization circulation
the recovery of city during recession
urbanism vs economy
horizontal densitication
farmland urbanism
accumulating fund for expansion
provide free food for the homeless and welfare organization
gain more site use right and expand the project to suburb
the site location expands to the surrounding areas.
the grains
fungis 1
the vegetables
vegetebles 4
the livestocks
grains 6
livestock 8
farming our high density mushroom city suburbs urban block on la trobe st farms suburb farmland project
corn 11
mushroom city
15 years
Precedents
growforgold.org
free toronto Take part in the growing movement and be your city’s champion-grower in the quest for better food and greener communities And you don’t even have to grow it yourself!
The hydro corridors of Toronto are sprawling lengths of continuous, mostly vacant land. They are unusual terrain: both physically sparse but culturally intense. Stippled with electrical towers, planted in acres of mowed grass, they hold the promise of light, energy, and power. They have immense cultural equity, but with an under whelming physical existence.
What do you get if you combine the social interactions of internet communities, the environmental benefits of sustainability and the tasty treats of organic farming?
truck farm
norc farms Truck Farm Chicago is a simple concept with a big impact. It’s a mini-farm planted in the back of a bodysurfed pickup truck. The Farm-on-Wheels is a travelling exhibit connecting kids to food and health.
kids farming in the city
NORC [Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities] Farms seek to make a positive resource out of under-used space and under-appreciated aging residents by renewing both spaces and people with productive urban agriculture. NORC Farms highlight the significance of urban spatial relationships, and illustrates how slight but significant changes in use and users can radically transform a sense of community.
recliaming Can one simple act change lives in many different ways? We believe the answer is yes. Something as simple as growing your own salad can make our planet, our cities and ourselves, better, healthier and happier; perhaps only by a little measure, but it’s a start in the right direction, and we believe that much more can come when these first steps are taken by our young people.
During the rapid postwar suburban expansion, thousands of small shopping centresnondescript, one- story, automobilecentred buildings- sprang up across the United States. Many strip malls now languish solid but poorly maintained products of a new obsolete business model. These buildings are in a kind of architectural limbo. When the design profession does address such an unlovely structure, the solution is almost invariably to knock it down and replace it with a new ‘green’ building.
Site condition
This is a testing design in the beginning of Project A, which needs to be redesigned in Project B. The design starts from the precedents. The concept is building farmland in shopping centre which would be unused during economic recession. As moving to the third chapter 3, the contents of candidate vegetables is enlarged because the microclimate in suburb is not as complex as that in city that can let more vegetables to live. Moreover, I plan to have livestock as well for those are extremely valuable in crisis. The design explores how many spaces I can use as farmland based on the site condition analysis. The methodology of modular design is used in design again. As I am going to design a happy space even in the struggling time, there will be a series of “pavilion� sitting on the farmland where people can cook and enjoy the food together.
Plan
7
2
6
3
4
1
5
n legend 1 extensive green roof 2 pavillon 3 fenced walkways 4 planters with fence 5 road planters 6 vertical farms 7 farms in car park
candidate vegetables Jan Artichokes Asparagus Beans(Broad) Beans(Green) Beanshoots Beetroot Bok Choy Broccoli Brussels Sprouts Cabbages Chinese Cabbages Capsicums Carrots Carrots(Dutch) Cauliflowers Chillies Celery Cucumbers Eggplants Endive Fennel Garlic Herbs Leeks Lettuces/Salad Mix Mushrooms Onions(Brown,Red,White) Onions(White Salad) Onions(Spring) Parsley Parsnips Peas Patatos Pumpkins Radishes Rhubarb Shallots Silverbeet Snowpeas Spinach Squash Swedes Sweetcorn Tomatoes Tomatoes(Cherry) Turnips Watercress Witlof Zucchinis
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Morphologies
cyclic utilization
Conclusion Even now I am not satisfied with my Project A. I wasted too much time on logical derivation developing from the economic interests to the urban farmland. Finding site is another puzzle. After the final presentation, when my design is still unconnected, I start to look the whole project as a process of a company or committee’s expansion which helps to solve the logic problems to some extent. However, as I am going to grow right things in right place during economic slowdown, the project is still full of problems and has a long way to go. So I will make Project A as a testing project. Now I know it is possible to grow mushrooms in city and it is also possible to let Melbourne need this project. What I am going to do in Project B is aimed at microclimate as the mastery to destruct Project A. Still following the implement schedule, the design will be totally different from now on.
References 1 Dickinson C, Lucas J. (1982). VNR Color Dictionary of Mushrooms. 2 SGS Quarterly Seminar (2008), economic outlook for Melbourne. 3 Carlo Fanelli (2009), the city of Toronto fiscal crisis: neoliberal urbanism & the reconsolidation of class power 4 SGS economics & Planning (2011), Australian cities accounts 2010-11 estimates 5 Mitchell Cook (2009), Toward a sustainable urbanism: Globalization, urban planning and the new urban reality 6 Quart Verlag (2006), Schweingruber zulauf 7 Neil Lee (2005), How UK cities can respond and drive the recovery 8 Liu Qi (2012), Challenges and multiple perspectives of improvement of global urbanization 9 BRKT.org (2010), On farming 10 Mark Gorgolewski, June Komisar and Joe Nasr (2011), Carrot city: crweating places for urban agriculture 11 MVRV: Profile, retrieved 13 december 2011 12 Orlandoni, Alessandra:” Interive with Winy Maas” The Plan 013, March 2006], retrieved 4 September 2010 13 Agnes Poirier. Architects reveal plans to redesign Paris, in garden, 13 March 2009, retrieved 4 September 2010 14 Definition of agricultural land in FAOSTAT Glossary (click on the letter "A" to get to the definition of "Agricultural area"). 15 Definition of agricultural land in OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms. 16 WDI –World Development Indicators online database, retrieved on July 17, 2008 (may require subscription for access; print edition from the World Bank). 17 Almy, Dean, "Center 14: On Landscape Urbanism", The Center for American Architecture and Design, The University of Texas at Austin, 2007 18 Allen, Stan. "Mat Urbanism: The Thick 2-D." Case: Le Corbusier's Venice Hospital and the Mat Building Revival. Ed. Hashim Sarkis. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2001. 19 Connolly, Peter, "Embracing Openness: Making Landscape Urbanism Landscape Architectural: Part 2", in "The Mesh Book: Landscape/Infrastructure", Edited by Julian Raxworthy and Jessica Blood, RMIT University Press, Melbourne, 2004, 200-219. 20 Corner, James. Recovering Landscape : Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. 21 Czerniak, Julia. CASE--Downsview Park Toronto. Munich ; New York; Cambridge, Mass.: Prestel; Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, 2001. 22 Duany, Andres. The New Civic Art: Elements Of Town Planning. New York: Rizzoli 2003. Print. 23 Kapelos, G. (1994). Interpretations of Nature : Contemporary Canadian Architecture, Landscape and Urbanism. Kleinburg, Canada: McMichael Canadian Art Collection. 24 Kerb 15 - Landscape Urbanism]. This issue includes contributions from Charles Waldheim, Mohsen Mostafavi, FOA, Karres en Brands, Kongjian Yu, Kyong Park, Kathryn 25 Gustafson, Stephen Read, Kelly Shannon, Richard Weller, Sue Anne Ware, Cesar Torres, Peter Connolly and Adrian Napoleone, Melbourne, RMIT Press, 2007. 26 Duncan, Allison & Seltzer, Ethan, "Landscape Urbanism: An Annotated Bibliography" http:// www.terrafluxus.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/final-format-LU-bib-2.pdf. 27 Accessed June 24. 2010 28 Koolhaas, Rem. "Atlanta." S,M,L,XL. New York: Monacelli Press, 1999. (2012). In Landscape Urbanism. Retrieved February 28, 2012, from http://landscapeurbanism.com/ 29 Moran, E. F. (2011). People And Nature: An Introduction To Human Ecological Relations. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 30 Mostafavi, Mohsen, Ciro Najle, and Architectural Association. Landscape Urbanism : A Manual for the Machinic Landscape. London: Architectural Association, 2003. 31 Tanzer, K. (2007). The Green Braid : Towards An Architecture Of Ecology, Economy And Equity. New York, NY: Routledge. 32 Topos 71 -Landscape Urbanism. This issue includes contributions from Charles Waldheim, James Corner, Mohsen Mostafavi, Adriaan Geuze, Susannah Drake, Kongjian Yu, Frederick Steiner, and Dean Almy. 33 Wilson, Matthew. ‘Vertical Landscraping, a Big Regionalism for Dubai’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34, 925-40. 201
PROJECT B FIRST PART
PROJECT B FIRST PART
AGRO - FRAGMENT
---- New Design Strategies for Urban Farmland
The Hand Drawing of Research Diagram
DRAFT DESIGN METHODOLOGY As the “calory project” doesn’t meet the actual situation, the attempt of connecting urban farmland and city economy is probably proved to be unpractical. It is true that if the urban farmland is simply used as productive farmland as same as that in countryside, the design won’t work logically and economically. However the difference between urban farmland and traditional productive farmland is also its advantage: location. As locating in city, there are more things that the urban farmland can do. As a landscape project, the people’s participation and enjoyment is quite important. So the new draft design methodology is not only about grow productive food in city, but also about the people’s enjoyment and the city facade. At this stage, the project turns into a complex. It means I am going to investigate about the people’s behaviour pattern and etc. These investigation will rich my design. However, during this stage, I just faintly realized how to continue my project. I was still not 100% clear about what is my project. I changed the connection I picked up some fragmentary spaces around Victoria market to do the draft design.
The Concept Drawing of Fusion Process
CITY DEVELOPING PROCESS
Original Landscape
Farming Landscape
Village Landscape
Urban Landscape
From the process, the city grows higher and bigger with the help of industry revolution. However, this is also a process of abandoning food and nature. This process is proved to be unsustainable.
SITE
Elizabeth St
Victoria St
St
Que t en S
The site locates around Victoria market. As a historical place of food, Victoria market is suitable for the project as a place of changing food. In my concept, people can come to the site by carrying the outcome of their farmland. And there are a lot of available fragmentary spaces around the market.
n St nsto Swa
th abe Eliz
Victoria Market
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
AGRO - FRAGMENT IN CUB SITE
CUB Site of RMIT, NearMap, 2012
SITE CONDITION AND SURROUNDINGS
SWANSTON ST
These two pictures are taken during my investigation, which is going to find out the available fragmentary spaces in Melbourne CBD. The site situations are very different from every one, but the common point is their alternative existing functions. They will be the virgin territory of my project.
QUEENSBERRY ST
Restaurant
100 M
BOUVERIE ST
Pixel Building
Old Warehouse
15,292 m
2
200 M
Former CUB Building
VICTORIA ST
RMIT Design Hub
WHAT TO GROW? Firstly, the Agro - Fragment project is going to be a productive urban farmland. However, it is different from the “Calory Project” before, which is going to feed all citizens in CBD by growing macadamia. Although that is proved to be unpractical, there are still some good inspirations and suggestions. There are two vital facts of urban farmland. One is it can not provide that much cheap food to meet whole city’s need. The other is it also can not provide food as multitudinous as that in coles or market. The urban farmland as big as CUB site can provide 30 to 50 jobs for people, which
is seasonal flexible. So, the word “productive” means providing plenty of a limited variety of vegetables for the people who working in Agro - Fragment. So what to grow? My criterion is “Is it widely grow in victoria?” Growing the most popular food is an essential strategy to reduce risk. So I investigate about the vegetables in Victoria. There are 5 main vegetables in Victoria, potato, tomato, mushroom, carrot and onion. That is the first draft plants list.
AREA OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 7,615
3,803
Potato
Tomato
1,244
Carrot
601
HA
53
Onion Mushroom Others
GROSS VALUE OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 111.9
108.0
Potato
70.8
Tomato Mushroom
PREFERENCE
29.5
Carrot
AU Million
13.6 Onion
SUSTAINANCE
Others
Combination with 5 popular veg
POTATO - TOMATO - MUSHROOM - CARROT - ONIO JANUARY
MARCH
The diagram above shows the cultivation time of all 5 vegetables in Victoria. There are 4 out of 5 plants being available all year around. Tomato, because of its temperature requirement, is hard to survive during Melbourne’s winter. And it is also need to care about mushroom as its living condition is totally different from the rest. So it is necessary to provide a unvarying man-made controlled environment for it. Moreover, the arrows in diagram show the suggested seeding period during the year. The diagram on the right continuing the basic cultivation information of every 5 vegetables is a quick-reference guide. Those information includes water requirement, seeding season, time of maturity, calory inside, companion plants and etc. All information is utilize together. This idea is from
JUNE
the project “Food Matrix”. At a glance, it helps me knowing the seasonality of those plants and its climate requirement. Also it assists me to judge is it practical to grow them in CUB site. The companion plants will helps to increase productivity. Companion plants have beneficial relationship that increase health of each individual plant. It will also helpful to pest management when plants combined effectively. The sections show the cultivation method of every plants and its height. These sections will be used in site test and masterplan making. The diagrams allows me to begin my project in urban as it provides me a lot of useful information.
ON SEPTEMBER
DECEMBER
POTATO TOMATO MUSHROOM CARROT ONION
Potato
Tomato
Solanum tuberosum
R
SP SU
12WKS
FS P Sh
76
F
SU
10WKS
Carrot
Onion
R
O
Daucus carota sativus
SP su FA
10WKS
Mushroom
Lycopersicon esculentum
FS P Sh
Agaricus campestris
FS
26
FS P Sh
36
Allium cepa
42
SP FA
15WKS
F
N/A
32WKS
F Sh
N/A
VEGETABLES COMBINATION As one of the most important parts of my project. “How to grow vegetables” always puzzles me. In the beginning, I was trying to fix the problem via drawing master plan directly. However, it didn’t work quite well as it related to road network, people’s activities and microclimate. The next method is designing those 3 parts firstly and then combine them together to guide the vegetable’s master plan. So I designed 3 individual designs. But the difficulty of combination stopped me. Without the vegetables , there are numbers of contradictions during this process. This is the reason I got lost in mid-presentation. Coming back to the starting point, I am going to draw the sections, which will be used to guide the master plan by combining with other vital parts. The microclimate, road system and people’s activities will also demands and affects the planting design. Those demands will prove that some of the original designs unpractical, at the same time, new plants or new designs would be introduced. Every time the whole design will be updated according to the research diagram, which is the aim of my project. One of the ways to maximum vegetable production is to focus on one plant. It saves budget and the energy input. The method is shown in the 5 sections. Another method to increase productivity per hectares while reducing chemical insecticides and artificial fertilizers is to utilize
companion plants. As the advantages said before, it is a practically sustainable cultivation method. It is also the way used in Cuba, which is my vital precedent. This method is expressed in sections too, from 2 plants to 5 plants. Then some of them would be obsoleted as its unique requirement and mutual interference.
ONE VEGETABLE
Potato
Tomato
Mushroom
Carrot
Onion
TWO VEGETABLES
Potato - Tomato
Potato - Mushroom
Potato - Carrot
Potato - Onion
TWO VEGETABLES
Tomato - Mushroom
Tomato - Carrot
Tomato - Onion
TWO VEGETABLES
Mushroom - Carrot
Mushroom - Onion
Carrot - Onion
THREE VEGETABLES
Potato - Tomato - Mushroom
Potato - Tomato - Carrot
Potato - Tomato - Onion
THREE VEGETABLES
Potato - Mushroom - Carrot
Potato - Mushroom - Onion
Potato - Carrot - Onion
THREE VEGETABLES
Tomato - Mushroom - Carrot
Tomato - Mushroom - Onion
Mushroom - Carrot - Onion
FOUR VEGETABLES
Potato - Tomato - Mushroom - Carrot
Potato - Tomato - Mushroom - Onion
Potato - Tomato - Carrot - Onion
Tomato - Mushroom - Carrot - Onion
FIVE VEGETABLES
Potato - Tomato - Mushroom - Carrot - Onion
VEGETABLES COMBINATION 1 PLANTS
2 PLANTS
3
3 PLANTS
4 PLANTS
5 PLANTS
This is the conclusion of all original planting sections.
SHADOW
9:00 March
12:00 March
9:00 June
12:00 June
9:00 September
12:00 September
9:00 December
12:00 December
As one of the most important parts of my project. “How to grow vegetables” always puzzles me. In the beginning, I was trying to fix the problem via drawing master plan directly. However, it didn’t work quite well as it related to road network, people’s activities and microclimate. 16:00 March
16:00 June
16:00 September
16:00 December
SHADOW REGION
Full Sun Area
Part Shadow Area
Shadow Area
(Actually, It is not available for growing mushroom.)
VEGETABLES REPERMUTATION 1 PLANTS
2 PLANTS
3
3 PLANTS
4 PLANTS
This is the conclusion of all original planting sections.
MICROCLIMATE
ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGY
PREFERENCE
SUSTAINANCE
The “Mushroom City” design of Project A can be transformed in Agro - Fragment now.
Calm 7%
3 pm Jun 1650 Total Observations
W SW S
CALM SE
E
% 10
>= 0 and < 10
% 20 % 30
>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30 >= 40
WIND
Calm 1%
3 pm Dec 1642 Total Observations
W SW S
CALM SE
E
10 %
>= 0 and < 10
20 %
30 %
>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30 >= 40
WIND