CHEN Tai-Yun_A Future of the Extreme

A FUTURE OF THE EXTREME The integrated approach for mitigating the impacts from severe dry condition

A FUTURE OF THE EXTREME The integrated approach for mitigating the impacts from severe dry condition

The Research Desgin Project

June, 2021

Tai-Yun CHEN

ABSTRACT Australia is one of the driest continents in the world and drought occurs frequently. Droughts are getting more severe. Water restrictions and consequent hydrological impacts severely damage outdoor greening, amenities and the environment. Impacts are correlated that such hydrological impact which relates to reduction in inflows of water in streams, lakes, and reservoirs led to soil moisture drought thus damage habitat of wildlife, effected to human needs but also to species. Preparation for, and adaptation to irregular drought events should be an urgent priority in the landscape architectural field.

This Design Research Project has explored how active participation by the local community in the management of water along the Maribyrnong River can mitigate the negative impacts from longer dry periods in metropolitan Melbourne. The design approach involves the community in existing water management strategies to enhance the landscape’s capacity for coping with extreme weather events.

for community, school and individual. This may re-define how physical par ticipation in collaboration can response to current climate change adaptation, especially to dry weather conditions and contribute as a new participatory method and toolkit to the theory of participation in landscape.

The outcomes of project hypothesis show a dawn that this collaborated-managed landscapes might enhance the capacity of coping with drier weather condition and help people reconnect to the idea of "country" by taking participatory activities. Although design approach may have shortcoming, if it can be further developed, implementing in a broader context and long-term processing may improve the results. It is positive that the landscape practice could think of the potentials of participatory methods in reframing the current plans and strategies in water and land management regime in the future.

Developing the participatory “digging and plantting” activities is as the improvement works to existing managements and strategies

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CONTENTS BRIEF ----- Backgrounds and Issues

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RESEARCH ----- Inquiry -------------------- 14 ----- Research and development -------------------- 18 ----- Positioning -------------------- 22 ----- Landscape precedent -------------------- 26

INTERVENTION ----- Strategic moves ----- Site context ----- How does it work ----- Future visions

-------------------- 32 -------------------- 40 -------------------- 48 -------------------- 68

CONCLUSION

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BIBLIOGRAGHY

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APPENDIX -------------------- 92

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BRIEF ----- BACKGROUNDS AND ISSUE

RESEARCH ----- ENQUIRY ----- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ----- POSITIONING ----- LANDSCAPE PRECEDENT

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BACKGROUNDS AND ISSUES

CRISIS Drought/ Dry period Australia is one of the driest continents in the world, drought events happen frequently and bring up water shortages for decades.

Drought events are commonly related to the rural and agricultural region instead of urban context. However, it does occur in the urban and suburban area as the chronic stresses for years.

The consequence impacts and experience from millennium drought had revealed the water shortage may happen in a fast rate when the event started, the water storage level can drop 20% from the first year to the 50% in four and half years. The water storage in Melbourne now is still below 85% of full level since the latest drought event 'Millennium Drought'.

The definition of drought is a period of time when an area or region experiences belownormal precipitation, commonly known as a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live1. The situation of drought or dry period is getting more severe and in long-term period, such as the devastation drought event called “Millennium Drought” unexpectedly occurred at the beginning of 20th for a decade long.

In current two years, 2018-2019, Australia was still in a slowly dry deficient rainfall condition.

Recent data of drought events and periods shows that drought effected area trended to the eastern and southern region of Australia, which indicate and informs those areas need to pay attention on.

The drawing shows the rainfall deficiency levels of Australia and Victoria from past to present.

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Reference 1: D e f i n i t i o n o f d ro u g h t _ N a t i o n a l G e o g r a p h i c : h t t p s : / / w w w. nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/drought/

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BACKGROUNDS AND ISSUES

CHANGE IN AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL

2.4%

DECREASE BY 2040

Water level of Maribyrnong River

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The first line chart shows the water storage level in Melbourne since 'Millennium Drought' event; The second line chart illustrates how Maribyrnong water level was effected by this drought event.

The forecast of longer dry period impacts in Melbourne is going to be more severe situations in future due to the climate change may intensify the extreme weather events. This may immediately emerge and affect on area such as open spaces and streams in urban context, as the metropolitan of Melbourne keeps developing and growing.

Since the mid-1990s, late-autumn and earlywinter rainfall in south-east Australia has decreased by 15%, and average rainfall has decreased by 25%. The area where be

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predicted and be affected significantly mostly locate in the west of Victoria, including the waterway of Maribyrnong river, which is the second large river in Melbourne metropolitan.

The Maribyrnong catchment is predicted having large changes in runoff by 2065, which means the rainfall reduction of the region may increase seriously and result in severe inflows reduction in the future, simultaneously increased wetland and adjacent floodplain drying.

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BACKGROUNDS AND ISSUES

IMPACTS

Hydrological impacts Reduced precipitation leads to reduction in inflows of water in streams, lakes, and reservoirs. These impacts directly further affect on many apsects, soil erosion and loss, the damage the habitat of wildlife and Water scarcity to species including human needs etc.

Ecological impacts Ecosystem vulnerability is increased to other disturbances, and can affect a variety of plants and animals in forests and rangelands. These cause changes in composition and structure in natural areas and species.

The impacts from drought events or dry period come in a variety of forms and correlated, for example, from hydrological to agricultural, socio-economic and ecological aspect etc. All of these impacts can have serious consequences, leads to crisis in water scarcity in human needs, declines in ecosystems and others.

Further Impacts from water restrictions (urban context) Socio-economic impacts Agricultural/ Economic impacts Drought can reduce livestock numbers, crop survival and productivity. The water scarcity shrinks food supplies of animals, damage their habitats and drinking water.

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The supply of economic goods reduce (such as food and timber), such that these are unable to meet demands. Pressures of water shortage also leads to water supplies in many uses (industrial and domestic etc.)

The pressures of water scarcity leads the actions to water restrictions in many uses, affecting people’s health and safety in various forms. These affect certain shinks in domestics, industrial and environmental sectors, caused anxiety or depression in society, such as about economic, recreation losses and safety crisis on outdoor ground uses etc.

Reference: The Climate Counci: Climate Change and Drought, 2018 U.S. FOREST SERVICE https://data.fs.usda.gov/wwwbeta/managingland/sc/drought

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Landscape and Participation “There has been a general assumption that participation in landscape decision making is a ‘good thing’ with little questioning of an alternative view or robust assessment as to what difference participation makes in the longer term. However, there is also a view that embodied within what we regard as ‘human’ is the need for interaction with the natural world; that we are an integral part of the natural ‘system’, not separate from it, and that our own nature, culture and many understandings spring directly from this relationship." Roe, 2013

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INQUIRY

RESEARCH QUESTION How active participation of local community in management of water along the Maribyrnong river can have preparation and mitigate the negative impacts from longer dry periods in Melbourne?

In recent years, the consideration of collaboration with cross-disciplinar y professionals and society participation have emerged and take an impor tant place in such planning and strategy decision-making.

People’s participation in the landscape could be seen as interactions between nature and culture or land and the humans. However, the theory in participation and landscape is somewhat fragmented (Roe, 2013).

making (Roe, 2013).This relates to the thought that is also important that respecting and acknowledging the aboriginal custodianship in land and river in every management plan and decision-making. Through the research design project, it is to discuss how landscape architects can integrate and incorporate such ideas in reframing current existing plans and strategies in water or land management regime.

It is worth to keep exploring and discussing this idea, as Roe in her the research of participation in landscape mentioned, there is an assumption having in landscape architectural fields that methods of sustainable and democratic living can be learned and achieved through the interaction with landscape. In developing sustainable landscape, it may not only require protection from people, but also and maybe most of all the local residents in the participation in shaping the landscape (Buchecker, Hunziker and Kienast, 2003).

Most of contemporary participatory methods in the landscape architectural fields are such as consulting, surveys and feedback or participatory mapping etc. Roe (2013) stated that Bridge (2005: 6) proposes the significancy of communication through performance and ‘gestures and bodies, is as important as speech and thought. Therefore, this research design project has developed the approach of "digging and plantting ", the participation activities of the runoff-storage and flash-flood water storage improvements and implements for community, school, "friends of" groups and individuals

As much of this has been influenced by revealing indigenous knowledge and has been adapted through planners of decision-

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involved in current climate change adaptation through collaboration. This may re-define how physical participation can be the new methods of participation in landscape in responding to extreme weather conditions.

These also discuss the agency that landscape architects can convey through developing this project, not only to enhance the capacity of coping with drier weather condition of the space, but also help people re-define the relationship to our everyday landscape, thus to reconnect to the idea of "country", and our everyday landscape.

UN SDGs 11.3 By 2030,enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for par ticipatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries 13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning 15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

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INQUIRY

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

-Case study Maribyrnong River Valley Nature Link Enhancements (One Million Trees Project)"

-Main Theory Landscape and Participation (Roe, 2013) Participatory landscape development (Buchecker, Hunziker and Kienast, 2003)

-Design approach As the improvement works into the exisitng strategies and projects that involving people physically participate in management activities

How do people involve in the design project or managament?

How does those activities work in mitigations and preparations for impacts from longer severe dry periods?

-Landscape precedents in puplic engagement, urban waterway, management regime

How does it shape the landscape and what is desgin beem create?

-Supporting Theory for activities and impacts mitigation Microtopography Exvaportranspiration Is it possible that all done by people? How does the collaboration work through this?

-Commission Through landscape practice or collaboration forms and creates a program as par ticipator y commission works that people can join with construciton developing.

-Research of waterway and site context Maribyrnong river waterway and adjacent green space Sites of "One million tree Project" Testing site: Fairbairn Park

What typology emerges through this ?

-Programme Community, school and individuals can join and have management activities in this stage, as part of the construction developing work.

-Mitigations and Preparations for impacts from longer severe dry periods

What typology emerges through this ?

-Commission finalizing T h e w o r k f ro m a c t i v i t i e s a s the prototype that landscape practice revises it and turns into final landform typology of park construciton.

Future visions

Commission timline Demolistion

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Grading

Finalized

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

PLAN AND STRATEGY Current response from government initiatives to issues - Integrate actions and implements -Protecting Victoria’s Environment – Biodiversity 2036 -Victoria’s Climate Change Framewor -Waterways of the West Action Plan -State Environment Protection Policy (Waters) -Environment Protection Amendment Act 2018 -Plan Melbourne 2017–2050 Melbourne Metropolitan Open Space Strategy (pending) Land-use framework plans Strategic agricultural land assessment -Melbourne Urban Forest Strategy -Country plans -Protecting the Waterways of the West -Water for Victoria -Regional Catchment Strategy -Healthy Waterways Strategy a shared strategy across Melbourne Water, state and local government, water corporations and the community Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy Renewal (2022) Integrated water management forums Long-term Water Resources Assessment Water and Catchment Legislation Amendment Bill 2019, passed to amend the Water Act 1989

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Metropolitan urban forest strategy Integrated Water Management

The Neighbourhood Project

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

CASE STUDY The inquiry of the project and design inspiration conceived and fur ther developing from a project" Maribyrnong River Valley Nature Link Enhancements (One Million Trees Project)", using the funding from Federal Government that brings together community groups, councils, professional, volunteer and other organizations to plant vegetations from across the west. This project is also one of the Integrated Water Management actions for restoration located at Maribyrnong catchment.

The uniqueness and success of this project are conquering in reaching agreement with Melbourne Water, Parks Victoria, VicRoads and VicTrack, around permission to plant on their land, and with stakeholder engagement methods for supporting this specific task.

Especially, this is extremely difficult to make interdisciplinary work achieving that it is a long way to go in such political context, different language and framing etc., and is still developing (Roe, 2007, 2013).

Multiple sites were assigned to restore in order to enhance and link to the adjacent ecological systems around Maribyrnong River Valley. The success of this project reveals the possibility of public engagement be involved in management planning and strategies, as the personal experiences and values contributing for the waterways and their lands.

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POSITIONING

PROJECT POSITIONING

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POSITIONING

STAKEHOLDER To implement the management activities into such commission work that must have some leading groups and key members working collaboratively.

This project suggests that groups like Wurundjeri Woi wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation and "friends of groups" can be the leading group that holds the activities programme thus it is more legitimate and advocated working on land and river.

Leading groups and key members of collaboration organize and host each event, that be collaboratively run through by professionals and experts at the assigned time and locations through commission processing.

Future visions

Commission timline Demolistion

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Grading

Finalized

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LANDSCAPE PRECEDENT

LANDSCAPE PRECEDENT Public engagement Current methods of public engagement in firms are mostly as community participating in consultation and providing community opinions in design alternatives.

The design approach develops community physically participate in management activities, which is 'Digging and Planting', to involve with the design implements

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LANDSCAPE PRECEDENT

Design Implements for Water Management The precedent from EMF practice, it designed differentiated management to adjust vegetation and maintenance regime in the management plan and strategies. This inspires the project looking for the theories of evapotranspiration and microtopography, by increasing vegetation amount, changing surface textures and adding topographic changes, to strengthen existing management plan and strategies.

Although the digging and planting activities may not have the capacity and grading and planting from machine, project hypothesize this can be seen throughout the outcome of new shape of landscape.

Nearby Space of Urban waterways The design augment in adapting harvesting the surface run-off water and flash-flood water changes, providing diverse activities and enhancing the Ecological connection to adjacent space

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INTERVENTION ----- STRATEGIC MOVES ----- SITE CONTEXT ----- HOW DOES IT WORK ----- FUTURE VISIONS

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STRATEGIC MOVES

PRINCIPLES of strategies and preparation to mitigate Drought impacts -Recharge the groundwater table increasing permeable surface -Augmenting existing rainwater or run-off water storage on and off-stream storage and surface run-off storage -Alternative water sources harvesting specific to sewage and grey water source harvesting and treated -Increasing the moisture of ground ground cover and evapotranspiration

To mitigate the impacts from drier conditions that storing runoff and flash flooding water and recharging the groundwater table are the most common strategies that can be done from landscape architectural fields. Thus, the suggested sites are suitable to design for water harvesting and let the water infiltrating to the ground.

RECHARGE/ STORAGE Strengthen the capacity of runoff surface flow storage and the flash flooding water storage

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STRATEGIC MOVES

Participants "Friends of " groups School Local residents Volunteer

Accessibility Transportation Circulation

As to discuss and explore the theory of participation in landscape, the participants are taking a vital role in this project.

There are many schools can be found within 1.5km radius of those suggested implement sites, as well as local communities and volunteers can easily join this programme.

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Participate in managing a c t i v i t ies to connect and bond to the idea of Country

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STRATEGIC MOVES

This mapping shows that how those suggested implement sites can further influence and enhance the its ecological connection of adjacent area around Maribyrnong river.

Some of the important sites for native fauna and flora were been investigated that are mostly closed to the waterways and a few located at open space where remaining in the urban context.

The ecological systems of nearby neighborhood and adjacent riverside area may be less damaged through the design implements and strengthen the habitat linkage.

ECOLOGICAL CONNECTION T h e w a te r w ay h a b i t a t enhace that can link the neighborhood and adjacent ecological systems

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STRATEGIC MOVES

Maribyrnong River Strategic Opportunities Plan The infiltration- Steele Creek length Harvesting focus- Maribyrnong length Storage basin- Racecourse length

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SITE CONTEXT

SITE FOR DESIGN IMPLEMENT T h e s u g g e s t e d s i t e s fo r d e s i g n implement are mostly overlap with the assigned site location from "One million tree project". To facilitate the participation theory in the project, it is considerable that every strategic move should be legitimate and rational. Seizing the achievement from the precedent, Maribyrnong River Valley Nature Link Enhancements (One Million Trees Project)", such in achieving the agreement with the land owner for implementation.

In addition, the conditions of those assigned sites are generally degraded, less canopy coverage area and lawns, which is more vulnerable if drought occur. The project focuses on some of the parks as sporting ground uses that have most of vulnerable characteristic for implementing and try to enhance the capacity of those parks and mitigate the impacts from drier weather conditions.

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STRATEGIC MOVES FUTURE A vision for the Waterways of the West Water storage capicity PHRASE 03

PHRASE 03

A Manifesto reforms the waterways of the west (demonstration of Maribyrnong river),new visions for adjacecy of floodplain andwaterways

Relationship with land and river Awarenes of idea of Country New experience

REFORM

PHRASE 02 Activities

Coummnity development

Growth, collaboration and incremental improvements

Eco/ flora & fauna

Routes Systems

DIVERSIFY

PHRASE 01

PRESENT RETAIN

Significant environmental protection and urban redevelopment

Habitat

CONNECT

On-site experience

Most of existing vegetation

PHRASE 02

A s p r o j e c t ke e p d e v e l o p i n g a n d deliveringby the collaboration, gradually linked and effected in large scale level

Part of the sports use functions/ Playground

PHRASE 01

Project develop and deliver by the collaboration as commissioned work (done by Contractors) and the community work through multiple site

1950-1960 Maribyrnong Road and Raleigh Road

Acknowlege the endeavor of protection actions and retain part of infrastructure implemented to mitigate for dry period events

FAIRBAIRN PARK

Area of Fairbairn Park

Industrial and urban development

PAST

1943 A Section of Fairbairn Park vegetable garden

European farming Traditional Owners- Wurundjeri Woi wurrung and Wadawurrung peoples

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SITE CONTEXT

The sections illustrate the location of the some of the implement sites, Maribrynong Park, Thompson Reserve and Fairbairn Park are located at the river floodplain, which meets the criteria that the sites are suitable for water harvesting and recharging the ground.

basin area

Those sites are close to the residential area which means that it is easily accessible to the local community and schools.

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SITE CONTEXT- FAIRBAIRN PARK

STATUS QUO- FAIRBAIRN PARK

Maribyrnong River

SITE

Area: 20.5 Ha

Moonee Valley Knights Football Club

Ascot Vale community

Maribyrnong community

Football Court (lawn)

Social Netball - Ascot Vale

Pipemakers Park Golf Court (lawn) Riverside Driving Range

The design project chooses one of the implement sites, Fairbairn Park, which is the largest site of those sites, as the demonstration for design details and implementation.

Canal Frog's Hollow Wetlands

Riverside Golf court

Current situation of Fairbairn Park is as sports court for many sports clubs and public use, mostly a flat grassland with few vegetation and plantation on-site.

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0 50

100

250m

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HOW DOES IT WORK

MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES What are these activities about?

The intention of physically participating in management activities, which is 'Digging and Planting', allows people having strong connection to the environment. The landscape is as a variable structure that offers people a framework satisfying theirs needs but also enables people developing their identity and values by exchanging within the physical and social environment. As developing a good sustainable landscape strategy should focus on the physical landscape resources as well as the participation of community in the development (Buchecker, Hunziker and Kienast, 2003).

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In addition, to address the impacts from severe dr y conditions, there are some theories that indicates methods of improving landscape environment along the river. Such as microtopography and evapotranspiration are the supporting theories in the project that help developing the design implement.

Digging activity

Plantting activity

The digging activity represents the microtopography and shapes the topographic features of the park.

Topographic changes increase the coarseness on the ground surface, resisting runoff water discharge that enhance the capacity of surface flow storage (Choi & Harvey, 2013).

The plantting activity represents the evapotranspiration(ET) theor y which relates to the water balance of the site.

Revegetate the site to a mixed covered ground is better than a grass cover ground that it is considerable in interacting with atmospheric systems and mediated through available water in soil storage and transpiration is uptake through pathways of vegetation (Nicholls, Drewitt, Fraser, and Carey, 2019).

Though the final shapes and level changes will be finalized through constructor works

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HOW DOES IT WORK river

Evaluation development- Testing Evaluating process- Proposed design RETAIN

DIVERSIFY

Most of the existing vegetation will be examined the health conditions and be retained as the valuable asset of the park.

Part of the territory of sporting ground retain its use, some are going to replace and cover by the implements of the topographic features and planting.

Increasing plantation and topographic features on the grassland or lawn area enhances the capacity of coping dr y weather but also develops different using experience of the site. In addition, this change can expand the habitat of species and rise its evapotranspiration rate on site.

CONNECT

STRENGTHEN

Increasing the inner track connects more experience and activities thus can explore various experience through new distribution. The expanded habitat connects and link to the water way ecological systems. This participation also reconnect the relationship of people, river and land and the idea of country.

The run-off and flash flooding water storage and harvesting capacity can be strengthened through implementing features near the riverside or on the coarse surface. Plantation also improves the living quality of species' habitat along the river.

testing area location

existing vegetation

PHRASE 01

PHRASE 02

east inner sport ground

REFORM

PHRASE 03

A prototype reforms the spaces along the river, the connection from sites to sites gradually extended and effected to the extended scale. Visions of future water ways of the west are projected (demonstration of Maribyrnong river), new visions for adjacency of floodplain and waterways.

existing track

existing track

Evaluating process- Participation

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DIGGING

ACCESSIBILITY

FACILITATING

PLANTTING

The assigned implementing areas for managament activities are considered for the accessibility of the participants. Those area are easy to access via existing track where close to riverside or inner lawn near the pavement.

As to facilitate the management activities process, the condition of the implement area should be the space is spacious or without much obstacles overhead or on the ground.

new track

0

40

100

200M

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HOW DOES IT WORK

TESTING Topographic changes under bush

Existing

0

52

1

2.5

Topographic changes from 0-0.2m

Testing01

Topographic changes from 0-0.5m

Testing02

5M

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Existing

TESTING Riverside with few trees

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0

1

2.5

5M

Topographic changes from 0-0.5m with shrubs

Testing01

Topographic changes from 0-1m with shrubs, sedge and rush

Testing02

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Existing

TESTING Riverside with lawn/ grassland

Testing03 Topographic changes from 0-1m with trees, sedge and rush

Testing04 Topographic changes from 0-1.5m with trees, shrubs, sedge and rush

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0

1

2.5

5M

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Surface coaseness

The existing topography of the Fairbairn Park is a shallow basin form that mostly flat grass courts. The microtopography is more effective on detaining water when the topographic feature having large and various level changes on the surface. However, this is inconvenient for participatory programme to process and achieve complex landforms. The compromise proposes

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people can work on such level changes between 0 to 2m on the flat grassland, which can be work in short term period and it still enhance the water storage capacity. The other grading works can be done by constructor thus it could effectively perform more topographic variation landforms.

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HOW DOES IT WORK

canopy zone Textures on site

Transpiration sand coverd

bare ground

grass coverd

shrub coverd

bush coverd

Less loss of water to evaportion

Evaporation

root zone wet soil

To simplify the term of Evapotranspiration, it is to describe the part of the water cycle which removes liquid water from an area with vegetation and into the atmosphere by the processes of both transpiration and evaporation. 2 In transpiration, vegetation needs to absorb water from the root and transport through plant, which is helping soil moisture keeps in certain level. The canopy of the plantation also improves atmospheric moisture level due to less loss of water to evaporation.

The existing ground cover situations are mostly grass-covered, few bush-covered and a very small portion of sand-covered and bare-ground. Thus, the design suggestion is to plant more vegetation on plain grasscovered land.

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Reference 2 : Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology ://www.bom.gov. au/watl/eto/about.shtml

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Improving the existing conditions Topograhic changes increase the coarseness on the ground surface, resisting runoff water discharge that enhance the capacity of surface flow storage

The surface water storage effects t h e m o i s t u r e o f t h e g ro u n d , mitigating the dry-up rate that protecting the ground

Run-off sureface water (form rainfall) detain in depression and hummock

Vegetation regimes absorb and dominate the higher levels of detained water The evapotranspiration rate increased that meaning changing the moisture of underground and the atmospheric

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Demolistion

EVENT SCHEME

EVENT MATERIALS

PRACTICE INSTRUCTION

Leading groups and key members of collaboration organize and host each event, announced on social media platforms or press in channels. Those events will be run through by professionals and experts at the assigned time and locations while the whole the commission works keep processing.

All the materials, gears and working stuff are prepared by the collaboration (local governments, groups and members) or fundings from the public.

All the events starts with the instructions from professionals and experts, activities and working behaves conducted through collaboration. Learning understandings and climate adaption awareness is the intention of the end of the events.

DIGGING EVENT

Citizen Science School Curriculum Educational tour

Practice on site

Digging Tool Kit

INSTRUCTION EXPLANATION

PLANTTING EVENT

garden fork vest

boots

HOW TO ATTEND Communities, individuals and students can get the event information through social medias and schools, applined online for scheme organizing, instructors and gear preparation.

TOOLS DISTRIBUTION WORKING ON SOIL

barrow bucket

garden hoe

shovels

gloves

Plantting Tool Kit

Grading

Social media Application gloves boots

vest

garden hoe TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES PLANTTING AND COMPASSED

seeds

Finalized

trowel sprout

shovel

WRAP UP AND CLEAN UP

young tree

MAINTENANCE EVENT

Commission Timeline

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HOW DOES IT WORK

Digging Event

Plantting Event

Digging areaPhrase 01-02

Digging Event

Plantting Event

Prototype

Plantting areaPhrase 01-02

Digging areaPhrase 02-03 Demolished area (netball court)

Demolished area (netball court)

Plantting areaPhrase 02-03

Demolished pavement

Demolished pavement

Plantting areaseeds or sprout participants access through riverside track

PROGRAMME BEGINNING

FUTURE PROCESS

PROCESS

PHRASE 01

DIGGING

PLANTTING

PHRASE 02

DIGGING AND PLANTTING

PHRASE 03

Project develop and delivered by the collaboration as commissioned works (done by Contractors) and the community work through multiple site

All participants follow the instructions from the professionals and start to have digging activities.

Plantting activity in this stage is to increase the amount of vegetation thus to rising the evapotranspiration rate and a d d i t i o n a l l y e x pa n d i n g t h e habitat of the park.

As project and commission keep developing and delivering by the collaboration, gradually linked and effected in large scale level, connecting to other sites.

As the growth of the vegetation and the new distribution of the site, this may bring new use experience of the park.

In this stage, the changes of this park will increase that such demolishing some of the existing facilities and new trail circulation setting at inner area of the park.

The activities shift into inner area of the park that reshape the forms of the sporting ground. The topographic changes in this stage is larger than the previous stage, requiring more participants actively join the programme. Although this may have difficulty and constrain of achieving the goals, it is to test and advocate the idea of participation.

A new prototype reforms the spaces along the river, the connection from sites to sites gradually extended and effected to the extended scale. Visions of future waterways of the west are projected (demonstration of Maribyrnong river), new visions for adjacency of floodplain and waterways.

Leading groups promote and hold events through active communty members, volunteers and via school for educational tours, followed instructions and starting the activities at the assign location of the park

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PROCESS

The intention of the first stage d i g g i n g a c t i v i t y i s to s h a p e the landform and making the prototype of wetlands and ponds.

The topographic changes will generally be formed through this stage but will be finalized by the contractors.

Plantting activity is staying as the same condition of the previous stage, increase the amount of vegetation thus to rising the evapotranspiration rate and additionally expanding the habitat of the park.

All the landscape shaping will be finalized by the contractors following by the planning.

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FUTURE VISIONS

Typology of new landform The final landforms on the site are more flexible than the existing conditions, varied the composing of the vegetation and topography.

The design proposes increasing s u c h to p o g r a p h i c c h a n g e s a n d features (hummock or depression) to create the coarseness on the ground surface, resisting runoff water discharge that enhance the capacity of surface flow storage. In addition, the more amounts of trees mean the evapotranspiration rate may rising that changing the moisture of underground and the atmospheric systems.

Some of the key features of proposed landforms are wetlands, ponds, bush and lawns with trees.

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FUTURE VISIONS

MASTERPLAN- FAIRBAIRN PARK 1 PLAYGROUND 2 FOOTBALL COURT(LAWN) 3 MOONEE VALLEY KNIGHTSFOOTBALL CLUB 4 WETLANDS 5 MULTI-FUNCTION GROUND(LAWN) 6 MINI PONDS 7 GOLF COURT(LAWN) 8 SOCIAL NETBALL - ASCOT VALE 9 RIVERSIDE DRIVING RANGE

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100

200M

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FUTURE VISIONS

SCENARIO : LONG DRY PERIOD Before

Design Proposed Area: Wetland

football oval

grass land: less coverage on surface

moisture level decrease more than bush area wetland and bush

football oval

Grass land: less coverage on surface

water decrease

water decrease

incresing canopy coverage enhanced circulation circulation

Normal

Severe

Normal Dry level

new track

canopy mitigatie moisture decreasing moisture level decrease more than bush area

football oval

Severe Dry level

Section- Wetland Area

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FUTURE VISIONS

SCENARIO : LONG DRY PERIOD Before

Design Proposed Area: Multi-function Ground (lawn) new track

canopy mitigatie moisture decreasing

incresing canopy coverage enhanced

bush bush

football oval

moisture level decrease more than bush area

grass land: less coverage on surface

bush

For multiuse grassland/lawn

moisture level decrease more than bush area

Grass land: less coverage on surface bush

bush

Normal

Severe

bush

Normal Dry level

Severe Dry level

Section- Multi-function Ground (lawn)

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75

FUTURE VISIONS

SCENARIO : LONG DRY PERIOD Before

Design Proposed Area: Mini Ponds bush new track

pond golf use area

moisture level decrease more than bush area

grass land: less coverage on surface

bush

canopy mitigatie moisture decreasing

incresing canopy coverage enhanced

bush water decrease

pond

buffer area

water decrease

bush pond bush

Normal

Severe

Normal Dry level

Severe Dry level

Section- Mini Ponds

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77

FUTURE VISIONS

PERSPECTIVE- Wetland area

Football oval

Habitat Expanding the habitat territory allows more fauna and species to live in

Bush/ Woodland

Remain part of the sporting ground for clubs and schools

Bush/ Woodland The cluster trees forms dif ferent experience around the sporting use area

Increasing amount of tree enhance the water storage capacity of the land

Wetland Fuctions of wetland can be habitat of species, water detention, infiltration and treatment

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FUTURE VISIONS

PERSPECTIVE- Multi-fuction Ground Habitat

Bush/ Woodland

Expanding the habitat territory allows more fauna and species to live in

Bush/ Woodland

Increasing amount of tree enhance the water storage capacity of the land

The nearby bush protect and mitigate the moisture decreasig during dry period

Bush/ Woodland

Multi-fuction Ground (lawn) Decease the amount o f fo ot b a l l ova l b u t create a new ground for mutiple uses.

The cluster trees forms dif ferent experience around the sporting use area

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION The hypothesis of physically participation in addressing extreme weather issue in landscape projects may be workable and positive, and be able to convey agency through this management activities. It is positive that could be seen in the case study and through the project that landscape practice could think this new participatory method is able to addressing issues in term of shaping and reframing plans and strategies in the future projection.

participatory approach may affect the outcome of landscape performance.

However, promoting and advocating the meaning of participation in landscape is vital and necessary in the integration in landscape development, that as human are among the nature systems, and this respond how we interact with the natural world.

Although the project still has pitfalls and the room to improve, there are some areas that the project did not discuss and evaluate, such lacking data to prove this method can be worked in long term in mitigating the drought impacts. In addition, there is lack of proof of explaining how frequency and quality of the

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APPENDIX Development Sketch

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Strategic Development Sketch

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Physical Models- testing

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