CAO Yanbing_Blue-Green Interaction

Project B

BLUE- GREEN INTERACTION Using Low Impact Development to alleviate floods and improve the living environment

PREPARED BY Yanbing Cao (Caroline) s3726637 RMIT UNIVERSITY School of Architecture and Design Master of Landscape Architecture Design Research Project 2021 COURSE COORDINATOR Jen Lynch TUTORS Adam Jardner June 2021

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This academic journey and the progress of this Master Design Research Project would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals.

I express my sincere gratitude to my tutor Adam Gardner for approving my topics and passing his knowledge to me about marine science. He also gives valuable suggestions at the different stages throughout the project work.

I would like to thank Dr Ata Tara and Brent Greene for their help in project A. I would like to express my special thanks to my parents who encouraged me all the time from abroad in the past two years.

Last but not least, I am thankful to my entire colleagues who have encouraged me and give their moral support to complete the project.

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract Floods are the most common natural disaster in the world, affecting millions of people globally. The increase in urbanization, population growth and changing climates all contribute to the frequency of flooding events and their impact on our urban environments.

Located in Nanjing, China, this project investigates the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where the water network is dense, known as "the land of fish and rice". The site is densely urbanized, dominated by factories, towns and cities and consequently is affected by flood with years. The government has invested heavily in large scale engineering projects to try and control the floods, but rapid urbanization, degraded ecosystems and climate change continue to present flood risk, posing a major challenge to the communities adaptation strategy.

This design research project will explore how the design and consideration of the surrounding ecology, community and culture can alleviate the local flood problems, improve the surrounding living environment and provide increased economic opportunities for the community. As a landscape architect using the theory of low impact development (LID) the project will listen to the voice of the local community, explore the history and culture of the river and develop two different ways of using the site for users. Through the intervention and design of landscape within site, the local flood problem can be alleviated, the local ecology can be improved, more people can be attracted to the site and the surrounding community can be activated, resulting in ongoing positive economic and cultural benefits for local residents.

PARTS 4 - Exploring design solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments Abstract - Keywords Table of contents Research question- Ambition

PART 1 - RESEARCH CONTEXT & FRAMEWORK 1.1 - INTRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AT PRESENT 1.2- IN CHINA IN NANJING 1.3- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

PARTS 2 - STUDY AREA ANALYSIS 2.1 - LOCATION 2.2 - CLIENTS + STAKEHOLDERS 2.3 - SITE HISTORY

PART 3 - LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION ANALYSIS 3.1 - SITE ANALYSIS 3.2 - HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS

4.1 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS CHANNEL EXPANSION 4.3 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS WATER DETENTION 4.5 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS EMBANKMENT FORM 4.7 - PROPOSED SYSTEM

PARTS 5 - Exploring design solution 5.1 - POSITION - DESIGN STRUCTURE 5.2 - MASTER PLAN 5.3 - BIRD'S EYE VIEW 5.4- ZOOM IN MASTER PLAN SITE ONE: SUNKEN CIVIC RAINGARDEN PARK DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN SMALL SCALE 1 PLAN & SECTIONS SMALL SCALE 2 PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS COMMUNITY INTERVENTION SITE TWO: RIVERSIDE WETLAND PARK DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN & SECTIONS SMALL SCALE PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS SITE THREE: RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE COMMERCIAL STREET DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN SECTIONS SMALL SCALE PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS

3.3 - COMMUNITY ANALYSIS

PARTS 6 - DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION

3.4 - CURRENT SITUATION

6.1 - Conclusion

3.5 - OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES

PARTS 7- REFERENCE 7.1 - Bibliography

RESEARCH QUESTION Research Question: How to alleviate the local flood problems and improve the surrounding living environment.

1. protect the residents from cloudburst and flooding 2.link the surrounding community and attract people.

Ambition: The ambition is to consider the ecology, community and culture, add a better waterfront landscape, connect the surrounding communities, reuse rainwater resources, and increase the local income.

LID

Low impact development

Part 1

RESEARCH CONTEXT & FRAMWORK 1.1 - INTRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AT PRESENT 1.2- IN CHINA IN NANJING 1.3- THEORETICAL FRAMWORK

01 | Research context and framwork

Research context and framwork | 01

1.1 IN THE WORLD AT PRESENT

Flood Hazard Floods are the most common natural disaster in the world, affecting millions of people globally. The increase in urbanization, population growth and changing climates all contribute to the frequency of flooding events and their impact on our urban environments.

Deciles 1st - 5th 5th - 7th 8th - 10th

01 | Research context and framwork

Research context and framwork | 01

1.2 IN THE WORLD AT PRESENT

Flood season: June and July

Especially in China, the Yangtze River as the mother river across China, causes a variety of flood problems.

With the global warming, the water level of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is rising year by year. Nanjing, as a typical case, is a city with serious flood.

Water level: up to 6 meters

01 | Research context and framwork

Research context and framwork | 01

1.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Floods cause many problems. Throughout the history of water control in China, it always is better to dredge than to block. As a modern theory of rain and flood management, many countries have cited and updated LID. For example, in China, the concept of sponge city was created based on national conditions. Flood control needs to be adjusted to local conditions, but under the guidance of basic theory, useful technology is universal.

It is hoped that through the intervention of landscape to the site, the local flood problem can be alleviated, the local ecology can be improved, more people can be attracted to the site, and the surrounding community can be activated, so the economic and cultural aspects are able to be developed.

Sponge City: a new theory of low impact development combined with China's national conditions

Different studies on LID theory in different countries Rainfall Traditional model

Evaporation

Total annual runoff

Infiltration

Rainfall LID model

Evaporation

Less than 40% emissions

Total annual runoff Infiltration reduction

More than 80% emissions

Storage and utilization

Lid low impact development is an ecological technology system that can easily realize urban rainwater collection and utilization. Its key lies in in-situ collection, natural purification, nearby utilization or groundwater recharge.

It mainly includes: ecological grass planting ditch, sunken green space, rainwater garden, green roof, underground seepage storage and permeable pavement.

Part 2

STUDY AREA ANALYSIS 2.1 - LOCATION 2.2 - CLIENTS + STAKEHODERS 2.3 - SITE HISTORY

02 | Study area analysis

02 | Study area analysis

2.1 LOCATION Analyze the water system of the proposed river to understand its position on a large scale and the problem of flooding in the entire large water system.

The Yangtze River

Nanjing

02 | Study area analysis

2.2 CLIENTS AND STAKEHOLDERS The project is jointly invested by Yuhuatai District People's government and Jianye District People's government.

Stakeholders include local residents, businesses, government personnel and workers. The project is committed to using the low impact development theory to manage the rain and flood better, alleviate the flood problem of the local Nan River, and purify and reuse the rainwater resources.

02 | Study area analysis

02 | Study area analysis

2.3 SITE HISTORY

02 | Study area analysis

02 | Study area analysis

2.3 SITE HISTORY

02 | Study area analysis

Part 3

LANDSCAPE COMPOSITIONS ANALYSIS 3.1 - SITE ANALYSIS 3.2 - HYDROLOGY ANALYSISI 3.3 - COMMUNITY ANALYSIS 3.4 CURRENT SITUATION 3.5 OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES

03 | Study area analysis

3.1 SITE ANALYSIS By analyzing the location of the site Nan River, in the entire Yangtze River system, we can gain a deeper understanding of the site's water problems.

Investigate the green areas and residential areas around the water system. Have a deeper understanding of the relationship between the urban blue-green network and the community, water, and green space.

03 | Study area analysis

03 | Study area analysis

3.2 HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS

03 | Study area analysis

03 | Study area analysis

3.2 HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS

03 | Study area analysis

03 | Study area analysis

3.3 CURRENT SITUATION

03 | Study area analysis

03 | Study area analysis

3.4 COMMUNITY ANALYSIS The establishment of the Nan Riverside Landscape Belt is a welfare provided to residents by the government. It is particularly important to listen to the opinions of the site users. Below I will interview the typical opinions of residents living in three different areas in the upper, middle and lower reaches, and there are also general surveys about Population and income.

03 | Study area analysis

Nanjing suffered a catastrophic flood once in 50 years Shot by Xiayue Zhu in Xishanqiao community in 2016

03 | Study area analysis

3.4 SITE ISSUE By investigating the history of the site and listening to the voices of residents in the surrounding communities, we can gain a deeper understanding of the site and discover existing problems.

There are many problems caused by floods. Throughout the history of water control in China, it is better to dredge than to block. As a modern theory of rain and flood management, LID has been cited and updated by many countries.

ISSUE The flood will wash out the garbage and dust in the city, causing ecological pollution and a bad urban environment.

When the water level is too high, the main roads in the old city are flooded. In the rainstorm, the rain can not quickly infiltrate, and it is difficult for the community near the river to travel.

FACT Transportation

Living space

Ecology During the flood season, a lot of rainwater has no place to infiltrate and store, the river channel is narrow, the riverbank is too hard, and the flood has squeezed the living space of residents.

Due to the flood, a lot of space is used for embankment, people lack the landscape space and infrastructure.

Landscape

03 | Study area analysis

03 | Study area analysis

3.5 OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES

03 | Study area analysis

Part 4

EXOLERING DESIGN SOLUTIONS 4.1 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS CHANNEL EXPANSION 4.3 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS WATER DETENSION 4.5 - FLOOD RESPONSE PRECEDENTS EMBANKMENT FORM 4.7 - PROPOSED SYSTEM

04 | Exploring design solutions

4.1 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.2 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.3 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.4 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.5 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.6 Flood response

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04 | Exploring design solutions

4.7 Proposed System It is proposed to build a green corridor system for the project, including green ecological embankment, rainwater garden, wetland, park, square, riverside promenade and space under the bridge. At the same time, there are commercial streets to enhance the local economy and attract people.

04 | Exploring design solutions

Part 5

EXOLERING DESIGN SOLUTION 5.1 - POSITION - DESIGN STRUCTURE 5.2 - MASTER PLAN 5.3 - BIRD'S EYE VIEW 5.4- ZOOM IN MASTER PLAN SITE ONE: SUNKEN CIVIC RAINGARDEN PARK DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN SMALL SCALE 1 PLAN & SECTIONS SMALL SCALE 2 PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS COMMUNITY INTERVENTION SITE TWO: RIVERSIDE WETLAND PARK DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN & SECTIONS SMALL SCALE PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS SITE THREE: RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE COMMERCIAL STREET DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MASTER PLAN SECTIONS SMALL SCALE PLAN & SECTIONS RENDERINGS

05 | Exploring design solutions

05 | Exploring design solutions

5.1 DESIGN STRUCTURE The logic thinking about the project, including the main two goals (UB GOALS), several aspects considered from the LID and the landscape strategy used. Also, the he final choice of three sites.

ASPECTS

STRATEGIES

THREE SITES

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05 | Exploring design solutions

5.2 MASTER PLAN Downstream

Downstream

Midstream

Midstream

Upstream

This is the plan of the entire Nan River project. The length of the river is 9.3 kilometers. Along the river is mainly a large number of residential areas and a small part of business. The design follows the LID principle, aiming to have cleaner water and sanitation while achieving sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, after conducting a systematic survey and analyze the site, to achieve two goals, considering ecology, water and community, using appropriate landscape strategies, and combining the existing environmental background to design.

Upstream

The upper reaches are flooded areas, and more attention are paid to design rainwater management and post-disaster water purification. The embankment in the middle reaches is harden and residents lack space, so they are more inclined to the increase of infrastructure and commerce and the planning of landscape embankment. The lower reaches more attentions are paid to water conservation.

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05 | Exploring design solutions

5.3 BIRD'S EYE VIEW

en Gre

ape dsc

b

em

ent

m ank

lan

New City Civil Park Open green space

500m Commercial Street

Sunken rainwater garden

Wetland Park

Through the bird's eye view of the whole river, we can see that the design pays attention to the construction of green corridor, links with the original landscape of the site, solves the existing problems, and constructs the whole river landscape belt and the park along the river.

05 | Exploring design solutions

05 | Exploring design solutions

5.4 MASTER PLAN This is the plan detail of the north of the Nan River. The north is basically a new urban area, with good urban planning and underground pipe network. At the same time, it has good terrain and wide river bed geographically. There is no problem of flood and waterlogging in this part. The economy of the area is relatively developed, and the residents pay more attention to the pursuit of spiritual development and better landscape environment.

There are few green spaces along the river. There are some green areas in the West and serious hardening in the East.

The design mainly focuses on the design of riverside road to provide better Lake tour route and riverside landscape for the surrounding residents.

A

A'

B

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15

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Dam

30 M

B

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0 50 100 200 m

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5.4 MASTER PLAN This is the plan detail of South of the Nan river. In the south, the old and new cities are mixed, the population attribute is complex, there is no good urban planning and underground pipe network, at the same time, the riverbed is narrow, and the buffer area is small. In addition, the river end was cut off by a canal. As the river goes south, the problem of flooding and waterlogging becomes more serious. The economy of this area is relatively unbalanced. The worse the floods, the worse the local economy. Residents pay more attention to flood control and transportation during the flood season, hoping to have supporting infrastructure and landscape space.

F

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15

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30 M

The river bank of this plot is seriously hardened, but more wasteland along the river can be used to increase the buffer zone, and it is designed as a citizen park and landscape wetland to provide residents with space and purify water.

E

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0 50 100 200 m

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SITE ONE - DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION > SITE ONE: Sunken Civic Raingarden Park The inspiration of the project comes from "Room for river", the precedent of river in Holland. This strategy has flexible and adaptive tidal space, and can generate multi-functional space according to different water levels.

There are many ways to hold and store water. Give the flood more space to allevite flood.

Alleviate the flood and improve the related problems caused by flood

Improve the living environment of communities along the river

Before the start of the project, some endangered houses along the river needs to be demolished. In addition, reduce the original top road and set up underground rainwater tanks.

The project combines the original shape and area limitations of the site to form a strip-shaped space with three sunken green spaces and an entrance sunken plaza. These sinking spaces will be used as reservoirs during heavy rains. Used to store surface runoff that is too late for the bottom row. At the same time, it can be called a good space for landscape communication when it is sunny.

Strategy 1: Demolish the riverside endangered houses in the flooded area

Strategy 2: Reduce the original embankment Top Road and remove the hard embankment

SITE 1

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05 | Exploring design solutions

> SITE ONE: Sunken Civic Raingarden Park SITE LOCATION 1

2 3

AIM 1: Alleviate the flood problems

Build water detention 4 AIM 2: Improve the living environment

SITE LOCATION

2

Divided into 3 parts according to topography

Increase arc and change

Green or unplanned wasteland

Land for Urban Rail Transit

Residential area

School

Government or commercial land

Waters

5 Establish winding park roads to increase the length of the tour Rise garden road for rainy days

r

ive

R an

SITE LOCATION

N

ay G42 11

2

al high w

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Nation

7

8 Flood level- 2%

Flood level- 10%

Flood level- 5%

Flood level- 20%

SITE PHOTOS

9 0 10

50 M

LEGEND 1 Entrance activity square 2 Sunken green space 3 Hanging path 4 Parking lot 5 Secondary entrance plaza

Dry stream 7 Leisure Area 8 Sunken playground 9 Sunken tennis court 6

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05 | Exploring design solutions

> SITE ONE: Sunken Civic Raingarden Park ZOOM IN A SMALL ACALE 6 -0

±0

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8

Nan river

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5

A'

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Section A-A' Sunny day

01

2

10

20M

Water detention

The purified water source can be used to spray the adjacent national road

Reservoir

1 01

Taxodium distichum Cinnamomum camphora (Linn) Presl Pyrus betulifolia Bunge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

10

20M

Secondary entrance Parking lot Entrance Sculpture Elevated path Pavilion Sunken water storage space Waterfront path

Irrigation Tank

Filter Rain water Tank

Section A-A' Cloudburst

Rain water Tank

Water storage Tank

Sedimentation Tank

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05 | Exploring design solutions

RENDERING IN SUNNY DAY Small scale

Sunny day

On sunny days, the surrounding residents or tourists can enjoy the sun in the sunken green space along the river, chat with their families or camp.

People can enjoy a good time and achieve more communication s p a c e a n d l a n d s ca p e environment.

05 | Exploring design solutions

05 | Exploring design solutions

RENDERING IN RAINY DAY

Rainstorm

During heavy rain, the sunken green space is a water reservoir, and the water on the street will also stay here to accommodate rainwater that is too late to drain and a natural source of purified water. The idea comes from"room for water". People can walk through elevated corridors in rainy days without affecting travel.

05 | Exploring design solutions

05 | Exploring design solutions

> SITE ONE: Sunken Civic Raingarden Park SITE ONE SMALL SCALE Design Iteration

Tree array

Partial sink

Permeable paving Shape change: more space

Overlapping to gain space for communication Morphological change

Shape segmentation

Tree pool

Sunny: shade With: drainage

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Section B-B' Sunny day

B

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6

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4 1 Section B-B' Rainstorm

7 01

8 01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

East Entrance North entrance Pavilion Entrance activity square Sunken Plaza West entrance Flower band Main garden road

10 M

Taxodium distichum

Amorpha fruticosa Linn.

Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.

Salix integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’

Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.

Helianthus annuus L.

Pyrus betulifolia Bunge Salix matsudana 'Tortusoa'

10 M

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PLAZA RENDERING

PERMEABLE BRICK

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COMMUNITY INTERVENTION

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05 | Exploring design solutions

COMMUNITY INTERVEBTION

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05 | Exploring design solutions

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SITE TWO - DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION > SITE TWO: RIVERSIDE WETLAND PARK Site 2 is located at the southern end of the Nan River. At present, it is a large area of unplanned wasteland. The project follows the design principles of LID and is committed to two goals.

According to the site is located at the end of the upstream, the establishment of wetlands can better conserve water and purify sewage.

Alleviate the flood and improve the related problems caused by flood

The water source in the project mainly comes from the Nan River water drawn by the pump and the stagnant water in the original ditch. After precipitation, exposure to oxygen, water drop, and a series of natural essence, the source of water will be replenish into the Nan River, and ultimately achieve the natural purification of water quality.

Improve the living environment of communities along the river

Wetland Rain garden

Sewage pipe Rainwater pipe

Sewage treatment plant

Surface water penetration

DESIGN ITERATION

Functional area display

Evolution of water area morphology

SITE 2 The layout of architecture and entrance

The change of Influent sedimentation area morphology

Influent sedimen-tation area

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> SITE TWO: Riverside Wetland Park SITE LOCATION

AIM 1: Alleviate the flood problems

LEGEND 1 Influent sedimentation area 2 Natural purification area 3 Drop dam 4 Falling water purification area 5 Stone bridge 6 Flow area 7 Entrance square 8 Road along the river

9 Path

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10 Toilet & Tool room 11 Secondary entrance plaza

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12 Dry stream 13 Outdoor tables and chairs 14 Pavilion

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15 Water pump station

1

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AIM 2: Improve the living environment

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SITE LOCATION

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2

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Green or unplanned wasteland

Land for Urban Rail Transit

Residential area

School

Government or commercial land

Waters

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8 7

4

A SITE PHOTOS

SITE LOCATION

0

Flood level- 2%

Flood level- 10%

Flood level- 5%

Flood level- 20%

10

50 M

Section A-A' Falling water purification area

Natural purification area

Influent sedimentation area

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> SITE TWO: Riverside Wetland Park SITE TWO SMALL SCALE 3

2

4

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5

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1

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6 01

Taxodium distichum

Rosa sp.

Ailanthus altissima 'Hongye'

Acorus calamus L.

Celtis sinensis Pers.

Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Pyrus betulifolia Bunge Malus spectabilis

B'

Section B-B' Sunny day

Section C-C' Sunny day

10 M

01

1 2

Helianthus annuus L.

3

Nelumbo SP.

5

4 6 7

Cinnamomum camphora (Linn) Presl Acer palmatum Thunb.

8

10 M

Park Road Dry stream Entrance Communication area Rainwater storage area Influent sedimentation area Toilet & Tool room Path

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WETLAND RENDERING

Zooplankton Phytoplankton

Pollutants

PGPR Gaseous molecule: N2, NH3

Molecule ion

Aquatic plant

Small fish and shrimp

Big fish

Wetland ecological self-purification system structure

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05 | Exploring design solutions

SITE THREE - DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION > SITE THREE: RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE COMMERCIAL STREET Site 3 is located in the southern part of the Nan river. At present, there is a certain amount of landscape greening on the west side. On the east side is a rigid embankment. Fortunately, the terrain on the east side is relatively high, and the government has also increased the height of the embankment on the east side, so there is no flooding problem during the flood season.

Alleviate the flood and improve the related problems caused by flood

Improve the living environment of communities along the river

In addition, this area has a good urban landscape and 500-meter-long street shops along the river. The project is committed to building a good riverside landscape and open riverside shops in this part. After analyzing the relatives of the surrounding residents, I learned that people feel that the Nan river Basin lacks entertainment and social space after off work. The project decided to build a meter-length bar street in this section to improve the good riverside landscape during the day and enjoy the beautiful city landscape at night, also, provide surrounding residents and tourists with a resting place after off work.

At the same time, after investigating similar rivers, water entertainment activities such as kayaking have been set up. Used to increase the local economy and attract people.

Also, the project will begin to attract investment in the first stage and construction will be carried out in the second stage.

SITE 3

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> SITE THREE: Riverside Landscape Commercial Street SITE LOCATION

SITE PHOTOS AIM 1: Alleviate the flood problems

7 6 5

AIM 2: Improve the living environment

ZOOM IN

SITE LOCATION

4 Green or unplanned wasteland

Land for Urban Rail Transit

Residential area

School

Government or commercial land

Waters

SITE LOCATION

05

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Flood level- 2%

Flood level- 10%

Flood level- 5%

Flood level- 20%

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20 M

LEDEND 1 Entrance square 2 Bar 3 Open-air bar 4 Bar 5 Metro station 6 Overbridge 7 Parking lot

20M

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05 | Exploring design solutions

SITE THREE SECTION

Shops: providing drinks, catering and shopping

People can eat and drink outdoors along the street

Open-air bar Two story bar

Section A-A' Bar Street

A'

A

Subway exit road, convenient transportation

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05 | Exploring design solutions

> SITE THREE: Riverside Landscape Commercial Street SITE THREE SMALL SCALE

3

Section B-B' Sunny day

2

B

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Section B-B' Normal Rain Event

0 5

Taxodium distichum Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. Salix matsudana 'Tortusoa' Ailanthus altissima 'Hongye' Salix matsudana 'Tortusoa' Acer palmatum Thunb.

20 M

Metro 2 Bridge 3 Parking lot 4 Market 1

Section B-B' Sunny day in second phase of the project

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05 | Exploring design solutions

PHASE ll OF SITE THREE The first phase of the project

Demolition of the riverside hard embankment

The river bank in this section was originally a hardened bank. In the second project, in order to establish a green bank, nearly a hundred meters of hardened bank will be demolished to restore the original ecological green bank.

The second phase of the project

Reconstruction diagram Meandering river bank

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05 | Exploring design solutions

BAR STREET RENDERING The shops along the river are about 500 meters, most of which are bars. There are also market for catering and shopping, as well as ticket offices for kayak tours. The geographical environment of the site is excellent. Tourists and residents can have a drink while watching the river scenery. At the same time, the transportation is convenient. Opposite the river are Youfangqiao metro station and bus stop.

05 | Exploring design solutions

TALE OF ONE STAKEHOLDERS (RESIDENTS)

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Name: Mrs. Wang Age: 65 Work: Unemployed Residence: Nan river Community Family situation: The children are employed in other city, and they lived in Nan river community with her husbands for nearly 30 years Daily activities: buying vegetables and cooking, chatting with neighbors and playing cards

According to the opinions of residents, the area has added a lot of supporting infrastructure, such as pavilions, and outdoor tables and benches.

The newly built road can be better drained.

Even though it rained yesterday, the ground is still very dry.

My favorite activities after retirement are playing cards and chess. Before there was no suitable venue, everyone found an open space on the side of the road. Now they can play cards in the pavilion.

After playing the cards, I will go to the senior citizen's activity venue to exercise for a while, then I will go to the market to buy something, and then go home to cook dinner.

After eating at home at noon, I saw from the window that there were many people basking in the green space in the newly built park.

Many multi-functional venues have been added around Nan river, such as senior activity venues, children's playgrounds and citizen squares.

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TALE OF TWO STAKEHOLDERS (TOURIST)

After investigating similar rivers, water entertainment activities such as kayaking have been set up here...

Name: Mr. Liu, Mrs. Zhang Age: 29,27 Work: programmer, teacher Residence: Gulou District, Nanjing Family situation: Married, no children Daily activities: work, travel together on weekends

I heard that several parks have been built here. My colleagues said that it is very interesting and we can go kayaking. . .

Mr. Liu and her wife took the subway and came t o N a n r i v e r.

When they got out of the subway station, they saw Nan riner and the commercial street across the road.

After walking along the river for a while, I feel that the riverfront landscape is very beautiful, with greenery everywhere

T h ey p l a y e d a ka y a k recommended by a colleague and thought it was an interesting sport that could be played in the city. They hope they can come here next time when they are free.

In the evening, they went to the bar street together, had a drink by the river and watched the night view of the city.

Part 6

DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 6.1 - CONCLUSION

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6.1 CONCLUTION This design explores how to alleviate local flooding problems through the design and consideration of surrounding ecology, communities and culture. At the same time, improve the surrounding living environment and provide more economic opportunities for the community. The project follows the use of low-impact development (LID) theory, listens to the voice of the local community, explores the history and culture of the river, and develops two different ways of use for users.

Through the intervention and design of the landscape on the site, it can alleviate the local flood problem, improve the local ecological environment, attract more people to the site, activate the surrounding communities, and bring continuous positive economic and cultural benefits to local residents.

"The place where every story is born, There is a kind of "beauty".

We met and were touched by it, Ripples in the heart, A new story was born. " ——Japanese contemporary craftsman AKAGI AKITO

Part 7

REFERENCE 7.1 - BIBLIOGRAPHY

05 | Exploring design solutions

05 | Exploring design solutions

7.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books

Website documents

Linda Choi&Barnaby McIlrath, B 2017 . Policy Framework for Water Sensitive Urban Design in 5 Australian Cities.

Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities,Melbourne, Australia.

<The Bottière Chênaie project>, viewed 28 September 2020, http://landezine.com.

Rangari, V. A.; Gonugunta, R.; Umamahesh, N. V.; Patel, A. K.; Bhatt&C. M, B 2014 , 1D-2D MODELING OF URBAN FLOODS AND RISK MAP GENERATION FOR THE PART OF HYDERABAD CITY, Copernicus Publications, London, UK. Wu Yegang, M 2015 , SPONGE CITY DESIGN: Concept, Technology＆Case Study, Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Press, Nanjing, China.

Yu Kongjian, M 2016 , SPONGE CITY：theory and practice, China Building Industry Press, Beijing, China.

Sharma Ashok, Gardner Ted & Begbie Don. M 2019 .Approaches to Water Sensitive Urban Design. San Diego: Elsevier Science & Technology.Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal article Ahmed, Farhana , Moors, Eddy , Khan, M. Shah Alam ,Warner, Jeroen ,Terwisscha van Scheltinga,&Catharien,N 2018, ’Tipping points in adaptation to urban flooding under climate change and urban growth: The case of the Dhaka megacity’, Land use policy, vol. 79, pp. 496-506.

Zhang Min Shen rong-fang, N1994, ‘Theoretical model and simulation calculation of urban storm water forecast system’, Journal Of Tongji University, vol.22, no.3, pp.52-57.

LIU Jun, N 1997, ‘Research on Urban Rain Flood Mode’, Journal of Hohai University, vol. 25, no. 26, pp. 20-24.

Mark, O ; Jørgensen, C ; Hammond, M ;Khan, D ; Tjener, R ; Erichsen, A &Helwigh,N 2018, ’A new methodology for modelling of health risk from urban flooding exemplified by cholera – case Dhaka, BangladeshB’, Journal of Flood Risk Management, vol.11, pp.S28-S42.

Theo, G; Schmitta MartinThomasa & Norman Ettrichb, ‘Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems’, Journal of Hydrology, vol. 299, no. 3-4, pp. 300-311.

Zhao Dandan& Qian Junqiu, ‘ Analysis and case study of rainwater control methods at home and abroad’, Building Information, vol. 45, no. 17, pp. 35-42.

Huang Mingjin, ‘The perfect unity of garden art and technology’, Modern gardening, vol. 3,no.15, pp. 76-77.

E-journal article from a database LIU Jun, GUO Liang-hui, ZHANG Jian-tao,&LV Tong, D 2016, ‘Study on Smi ulation of Dra inage and F lood ing in Urban Areas of Shangha iBased on Improved SWMM’, CHINA WATER&WASTEWATER, vol 22, no. 21, pp.64-70, viewed 20 September 2020.

Che Wu, Lu Fangfang, Li Junqi & Li Haiyan, D 2009, ‘Typical rainwater management system in developed countries and its enlightenment’, CHINA WATER&WASTEWATER, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 28-40, viewed 21 September 2020.

<Piggyback Yard Conceptual Master Plan>, <Piggyback Yard Feasibility Study>, <Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan>, viewed 28 September 2020, http://studio-mla.com. <Project huangpu riverfront>, <Coastal resilience solutions for east Boston and Charlestown> , viewed 29 September 2020, https://www.stoss.net. <Wuhan Yangtze River Spindle Waterfront Park>, viewed 29 September 2020, www.sasaki.com. <Qinjiang-Old River Wetland Cultural Park>, <Copenhagen code of conduct for rainstorm response>, <University of Pennsylvania-Shoemaker Green>, <Mill River Park and Green Corridor, Stanford>, <Open Space Through Design on the East Bank of Huangpu River>, <Washington Monument Core Area Framework Plan>, <Portland Tanner Springs Park>,< Woodland rain garden>, <Zidell Yards District, Portland, Oregon, U.S.-scale green infrastructure plan>, viewed 30 September 2020, www.gooood.cn. <Watersquare Benthemplein is the World’s First Public Water Park Fed by Collected Rainwater>, viewed 30 September 2020, https://inhabitat.com. <Chile's Santiago river revamping to bring 'fireflies back'>, viewed 12 March 2021, http://www.hehuzhili.com. <Ecological renovation of San Antonio River, USA>, Shanghai Oppo Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, viewed 15 March 2021, http://www.hehuzhili.com. <STUDENT | Claiming Productive Ground |>,Dane Carlson,October 20, 2013, viewed 17 March 2021, http:// worldlandscapearchitect.com <Heath . Philippe recharge architecture>, design team:steffan heathy edouard philippe . epfl (ecole polytechnique fédérale de lausanne) . + isarch, viewed 20 March, 2021, architecturehttp://afasiaarq.blogspot.com/

Media release Flooding mechanisms aa landscape urbanism s ribot l driva d bra, Silvia Ribot, Lida Driva, Dimitra Bra, media release, 25 September 2015, viewed 17 March 2021, https://issuu.com

Government publications Victorian Planning Authority, September 2018, <Project Moonee Ponds Creek>, viewed 29 September 2020.

Image Photos of flood disaster, shot by Xiayue Zhu, Xishanqiao community, Yuhuatai district, Nanjing