TRIPLE-EFFECT THERAPY FOR AGEING HEALTHILY
Triple-effect Therapy for Ageing Healthily
SUBMITED BY Yuhan Liu S3708546 RMIT UNNVERSITY
School of Architecture and Design Master of Landscape Architecture Design Research Project 2021
COURSE COORDINATOR Jen Lynch Dr Alice Lewis TUTOR Dr Ha Thai
June 2021
ABSTRACT This design research project examines the potential influences of various landscape design techniques on improving health of the elderly in a Chinese urban context. Due to the severe ageing trend in China, chronic disease in the elderly population became an urgent concern. Taking a neighbourhood in Shanghai as a testing site, this project formulates an innovative therapeutic landscape system framework and highlights the close relationship between urban dwellers’ mental and physical health and the settings of urban environment, particularly the design of public open spaces. The design research is informed by biophilia theory, sensory design theory, barrier free design theory and social psychology theory, and combines the author’s interview with the elderly in Shanghai, and is shaped through series of design iterations. It draws lessons from the iteration process and introduces a novel ‘triple-effect therapy’ urban landscape design framework. The research combines sensory prompting, biophilia interaction and social activity to stimulate the bodily functions of the elderly in different outdoor environment, such as community garden, public park and green fitness corridor. It provides lessons and design toolkits to other cities trying to be elderly-friendly and suggests changes to the current design framework in other Chinese and Western Pacific cities.
RESEARCH QUESTION How can apply therapeutic landscape to update the green spaces surrounding the elderly community in Shanghai to impact the risk of chronic disease and keep positive state of mind in the elderly?
PROLOGUE The human aging of this natural law with the passage of time in each person's body to be verified, but when a society in the elderly population accounted for relatively high, the resulting problems are also immediately exposed. The aging problem will become the main population problem in China in the 21st century, and the core of this problem is the quality of life of the elderly population. And the number one factor that affects their quality of life is their own health. With the growth of age, the physical function of the elderly continues to degenerate, and the probability and risk of developing diseases in the elderly also gradually increase. Many elderly people are suffering from diseases of different degrees near the end of life. With the improvement of material living standards, the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly are growing day by day. How to meet this demand of the elderly, enhance the physical and mental health of the elderly, and more effectively improve the quality of life of the elderly, is now a research topic that must be paid attention to. The core issue is to keep the elderly healthy enough to enjoy a better later life. I grew up living with my grandparents, who now suffer from various chronic diseases in their later life due to their long-term sub-health status. As a landscape architect, when I started my last research project in graduate school, I began to think about this problem: how to make use of the agency of landscape architecture to contribute to this increasingly severe social problem and create a better living environment for the elderly. The effect of landscape on physical and mental health of human body is different from that of direct medical treatment. The purpose of medicine is to study the disease, the task is to treat you after you get sick, emphasize the treatment process after you get sick, is the coping measures in the life process. And it is well known that many chronic diseases are incurable. The role of landscape is to imperceptibly influence the living habits of the audience through the changes of the surrounding environment, emphasizing the process control before illness and the chronic conditioning after illness. The role of landscape in health focuses on how to stay healthy, how to avoid disease and improve the quality of life (Williams 2007). This study with the aging degree of severe Shanghai Hongkou district residents living environment as the study area, based on the analysis of urban residential environment and improve the elderly health relationship, aims to cause people to fully realize the good and has a specific function in improving the old residential environment landscape quality of life aspects of the obvious advantages and huge role, In order to deal with the aging of the population this social problem in China to provide some useful inspiration and thinking.
content 00 Prologue 01 Introduction
011 Introduction 012 Stakeholders and clients
00
01 02
02 Issue and symptoms 021 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in global context
04
03 Research theoretical framework
12
04 Pathogeny and diagnosis 041 High aging population area
18
05 Therapy proposal 051 Therapy approach
34
06 Therapy process 061 Master plan
62
07 Promotion plan 071 Shanghai region promotion plan
98
08 Conclusion
103
09 Appendix & Reference
105
022 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in Chinese context 023 Research question and research framework
042 Pathogeny: Aging population daily life 043 Diagnosis: Needs of elderly
052 Action 1 Bodily function and sensory prompting 053 Action 2 Biophilia interaction 054 Action 3 Social prompting
062 Horticulture incubator 063 Fitness green corridor 064 Aroma plaza 065 Design conclusion
072 Country region promotion suggestions 073 World promotion plan
06 08 10
19 31 33
35 36 52 59 64 66 76 86 96
100 101 102
01 Introduction 011 Introduction 012 Stakeholders and clients
01 Introduction
INTRODUCTION Ageing trend became the major challenges which all countries face. The data shows that the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years will increase to 22% in 2050 from 12% in 2015. Every country ensure that health and social systems are ready to make the most of this demographic shift (WHO 2018). The triple-effect therapy for ageing healthily is an experimental intervention design framework for landscape architecture. This is designed to address the growing health problems associated with aging. The report will be used by Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau to show a landscape system with healing and ageappropriate characteristics, to help the elderly form healthier living habits and to improve their health. Globally, the number of places where aging is most severe is expected to increase in the future. The flexibility of the project makes it possible to practice research on the healing and aging properties of the landscape in a wider range of areas. Sichuan north road Community was selected as the pilot community to investigate and implement the new therapeutic landscape system. At present, cardiovascular diseases, joint diseases and other chronic diseases are the most frequent chronic diseases among the elderly population in China. The incurable nature of these diseases leads to the long-term suffering of the elderly to varying degrees. Therefore, this needs to be addressed by urban landscape systems that improve the living habits of the elderly while improving the symptoms of chronic diseases. The participatory design will be based on three therapeutic promotion actions (Body Function Recover, Interacting with Nature and Social prompting) to improve the physical and mental health of older adults. By increasing the daily effective physical exercise for the elderly and constructing the landscape space for aromatherapy, a targeted and dynamic
healing landscape system is established. Among them, the participation of senior residents and young volunteers in the community will create an emotional bond between the landscape and residents, thus strengthening the maintenance and management of the system. This project aims to establish a healthy framework for pilot urban landscape design and to illustrate the additional benefits of productive and sustainable landscapes. In the process, the two United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Good Health, Sustainable Cities) will be progressively achieved. In this project, based on the people involved in creating and managing the urban space of professional knowledge, the interdisciplinary social psychology, design of the senses, botany and barrier-free design, landscape designers will provide a complete solution for this project, including the practice of landscape design, network deployment guide, as well as the project vision framework. After the major achievements, the community landscape will provide effective assistance in the recovery of chronic diseases of the elderly, which also means that the local population can reduce the burden of medical care, further liberate family productivity, and promote socioeconomic development. The project will benefit China's health, economy, development and other government sectors in the rehabilitation of elderly health. The ambition of the project will be fully realized during this period. Namely the improvement of the city, the prosperity of plant species, the self-adjustment of people and landscape will be achieved even if the healing process is slow.
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01 Introduction 012 Stakeholders and Clients
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01 Introduction
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02 Symptoms and complication 021 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in global context 022 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in Chinese context 023 Research question
02 Issue and symptoms
What is the old?
What is the WHO definition of health?
"A chronological definition of elderly or aged is commonly used, but contested. UN tabulations provided figures for both 60 and 65 years of age and older, making possible more detailed estimates and projections for older people in most countries." (WHO n.d.)
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." (WHO 1946)
What is the chronic disease (Noncommunicable Diseases)? "Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both." (Centers for Diseaese controal and Prevention n.d.) "Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for almost 70% of all deaths worldwide. Almost three quarters of all NCD deaths, and 82% of the 16 million people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, occur in low- and middle-income countries. The rise of NCDs has been driven by primarily four major risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets." (WHO n.d.)
Maps of percentage of population aged 60 years or over in 2000,2015 and 2050 2000
In 2000, the share of the population aged 60 years or over exceeded 20 per cent in only 23 countries or areas and these contained just 9 per cent of the global population. Projections indicate that the number of countries or areas where at least 20 per cent of the population is aged 60 years or over is projected to grow from a minority of 53 in 2015 to a large majority of 145 in 2050, and the share of the world's people living in such countries or areas is projected to increase rom 17 per cent to 44 per cent. In 74 countries or areas, older persons are projected to make up at least 30 per cent of the population in 2050, up from just 3 countries or areas in 2015 Conversely, the number of countries with very young population age structures is shrinking over time. While in 2015 there were 37 countries or areas where less than 5 per cent of the population were aged 60 years or over, by 2050 the share of older persons is projected to be below 5 per cent in only one country (WHO, 2015).
2015
2050
percentage 60+ 30% or over 25% to 30% 20% to 25% 15% to 20% 10% to 15% 5% to 10% Less than 5% No data
Adapt from: World Health Organization 2015, World report on ageing and health, World Health Organization,Switzerland.
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02 Issue and symptoms 021 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in global context
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02 Issue and symptoms
Data Source: World Health Organization 2015, World report on ageing and health, World Health Organization,Switzerland. HelpAge International 2015, Global AgeWatch Index 2015,HelpAge International
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02 Issue and symptoms 022 Ageing trend and health status in the elderly population in Chinese context
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Data Source: National
Bureau of Statistics of China 2018, China statistical year book 2017
02 Issue and symptoms
Data Source: World Health Organization 2016, China country assessment report on ageing and health,World Health Organization, Switzerland.
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02 Issue and symptoms 023 Research question and research framework
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02 Issue and symptoms
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03 Research theoretical framework
This is strong stuff—such an experience engraves the belief that sun and sea, orchards in bloom, mountains and snow, fields of flowers, speak to the spirit as well as the flesh, or at least they do to me.
"
McHarg, I 1995, Design with nature, John Wiley.
"
03 Research theoretical framework
What is the therapeutic landscape? “Places that, based on physical and psychological environment, are associated with treatment or healing, and are reputed to have an enduring reputation for physical, mental, and spiritual healing.” ( Gesler 1992) “Therapeutic landscapes are defined as specific spaces of healing, particularly where the natural environment intersects with the social environment” (Gesler 2003). “In practice, the concept usually refers to spatially delineated areas with 'health-enhancing' properties ” (Williams 2007).
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(Adapted from:
Symbolism
Healing God
Supernatural Healing Powers
Origin of Spiritual Nature
Role of Faith
Therapeutic Landscape
Transformation
Beliefs, Philosophies, Expectations, Perception
Social Environment
Shared Rituals
Pilrimage
Contested Reality
Historical Context
Everyday Activities
relative Equality
Social Relations
Reputation for Healing
Place Meaning
Removed from Everyday Stress
Sense of Place
Water
Beautiful Natural Environment
Territoriality
03 Research theoretical framework
Key elements of therapeutic landscape
Natural/Built Environment
Spiritual Environment
Khachatourians, A 2006, Therapeutic landscape: a critical analysis, Simon Fraser University)
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03 Research theoretical framework
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03 Research theoretical framework
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis 041 High aging population area 042 Pathogeny: Aging population daily life 043 Diagnosis: Needs of elderly
04 Pathogeny and diagnosis 041 High aging population area Shanghai region
Data Source: Bureau of
Statistics of Shanghai 2019, Shanghai statistical yearbook 2019, China
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The elderly couple were walking outside the community Photo Credit：Lue Shen
04 Pathogeny and diagnosis Hongkou district region Physical envrionment and government green spaces plan in Hongkou district
Data Source:
Shanghai Municipal Peoples Government 2018, Master Plan (2017-2035 years) Report, China Weather Atlas 2021, Average Temperature and Air Quality
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Hard landscape of community public space with the elderly Photo Credit：Lue Shen
04 Pathogeny and diagnosis Sichuan North Road community region Day time allocation and activity types in the regional elderly people and potential activity hotspots
Data Source:
Shanghai Municipal Peoples Government 2019, How does Shanghai old people spend their time a day
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis Detial site mapping analysis -Macroscopic context-
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis -Microcosmic context-
SICHUAN NORTH ROAD PARK
SICHUAN NORTH ROAD PARK
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis Conclusions of site situation and Scope of design
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis
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Existing greenery within the senior community Photo Credit：Lue Shen
04 Pathogeny and diagnosis 042 Pathogeny: Aging population daily life Interview with friend's relative who is 65 years old living in Shanghai Hongkou district
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis
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04 Pathogeny and diagnosis 043 Diagnosis: Needs of elderly
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05 Therapy proposal 051 Therapy approach 052 Action 1 Bodily function and sensory prompting 053 Action 2 Biophilia interaction 054 Action 3 Social prompting
05 Therapy proposal 051 Therapy approach
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05 Therapy proposal 052 Action 1 Bodily function and sensory prompting
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05 Therapy proposal
Adapt from:
Zhang,W, Yuan, C, Zhang, R&Xiao,Z 2009, Aromatherapy and aromatic plants, Southeast University Press,China.
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
The combination of herbs, shrubs and trees gives the conditions for the formation of the height difference of the plant community. The concave space is constructed. The height of the trees is used as the boundary and planted on the high ridge to strengthen the closure of the area. At the same time, it can also be used as materials and tools to guide and change the wind direction. The form of the composition blocks the wind and rotates the flow of the wind to create an aromatic microclimate so that the aromatic molecules can reside in space.
The area has herbaceous and arbor, which can array arbor. Since the height of the arbor is higher than the height of people, the space formed by the arbor will make people surrounded in it. The array of trees at a certain h e i g ht b l o c ks t h e w i n d a n d reduces the flow of air through the trees, allowing aromatic molecules from the plants to remain in the environment for a longer time.
The area with only herbs and shrubs is generally relatively short, so special terrain is needed to help create the aromatic microclimate. The one-sided upturned eaves can guide the wind direction, so that the wind is less to enter the area, and the concentration of aromatic molecules in the space is maintained.
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05 Therapy proposal
Since most plants are unable to perform their aromatic functions in winter, an indoor aromatherapy greenhouse for the elderly is needed to help the aromatherapy plants continue to grow in winter and to enable the elderly to enjoy natural aromatherapy in winter.
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
According to literature and studies, people who consistently exercise on uphill slopes can lower their blood lipid levels, and exercise on downhill slopes for a long time can lower their blood glucose levels(Drexel 2004). Long-term exercise of more than half an hour a day can lower and control blood pressure(Mayo Clinic 2021). Adapt from:
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Mayo Clinic 2021, Exercise: A drug-free approach to lowering high blood pressure Drexel, H 2004, Walking Downhill Lowers Blood Sugar, Uphill Lowers Cholesterol Levels, AHA 2004 Scientific Sessions: Abstract 3826
05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal 053 Action 2 Biophilia interaction
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05 Therapy proposal
Adapt from:
Chafkin, S 2017, The Health Benefits of Biophilia
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal
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05 Therapy proposal 054 Action 3 Social prompting
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05 Therapy proposal Family based social prompting and horticulture activity framework
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05 Therapy proposal Soicety organizition based social prompting and horticulture activity framework
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06 Therapy process 061 Master plan 062 Horticulture incubator 063 Fitness green corridor 064 Aroma plaza 065 conculsion of design
06 Therapy process
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06 Therapy process 061 Master plan
d Ro a rth No Sic
hu
an
oad ang R
Xingu
e Li Dad n Fang g 'a Hen
th Nor
uan
Sich
Qiujia
ng R oad
Sichuan North Road
Vegetable horticulture incubator
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Fitness corridor
Horticulture supp
06 Therapy process
N 20m
40m
80m
ui gsh Hen d Roa
n Li
Xi
ia ngj
dge
Bri
So
uth
Sichuan North Road Street Cultural Activity Center
ad Ro
d Park
ply station
Aromatic horticulture incubator
Aroma plaza
20m
40m
80m
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06 Therapy process
Vegetable horticulture incubator
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06 Therapy process
N 15m
30m
60m
Horticulture supply station
Aromatic horticulture incubator
Horticulture incubator
062
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06 Therapy process N Vegetable horticulture incubator
5m
10m
20m
Indoor horticulture area
Vegetable horticulture incubator
Plan
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06 Therapy process 5m
Section
10m
20m
Activity Mechanism-vegetable horticulture outdoor activity
outdoor activity
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Aromatic horticulture incubator
N 2.5m
5m
10m
Plan
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06 Therapy process Section 2.5m
5m
10m
Horticultural processing activities and recreational activities
Extraction of essential oils from aromatic plants
Floral Arrangement
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Horticulture supply station
N 2.5m
5m
Plan
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10m
06 Therapy process Section
2.5m
5m
10m
Supply Mechanism
Residents of the community can purchase vegetables, fruits, aromatic herbs and processed essential oils produced by different horticulture incubators through the Supply Station. Proceeds will be used for the ongoing maintenance of the incubator, such as seed purchase, equipment maintenance, etc.
The elderly can exchange the corresponding value of herbs, fruits or vegetables at the Supply Station by the time they participate in horticulture activities in different incubators. This can not only promote the enthusiasm of everyone to participate in horticulture activities, but also can make the elderly family diet to get a good improvement.
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Community Horticulture Activity Mechanism
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06 Therapy process
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06 Therapy process
Functional connectivity corridor
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06 Therapy process
Aerobic exercise straight corridor
Aromatic Curve Corridor
Accessible circular corridor
N 10m
Fitness green corridor
20m
40m
063
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06 Therapy process Aromatic Curve Corridor
A
B
B’
A’
N 2.5m
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5m
10m
Plan
06 Therapy process Section 2.5m
5m
10m
AA'-Section
Perspective
BB'-Section
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06 Therapy process A’
Aerobic exercise straight corridor
N 5m
B’
B
A - 80 -
10m
Plan
15m
06 Therapy process Section
AA'-Section
BB'-Section Perspective
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06 Therapy process Functional connectivity corridor
N 2.5m
5m
Plan
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10m
06 Therapy process
2.5m
5m
10m
Section
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Accessible circular corridor
N 2.5m
5m
Plan
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10m
06 Therapy process
Section
2.5m
5m
10m
Perspective
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06 Therapy process
Mental disorders and neurological disorders healing area
Arthrophlogosis healing area
CVD(cardiovascular disease) healing area
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06 Therapy process
Chronic obstructive pneumonia healing area
Asthma healing area
Central activity area
Diabetes healing area
High blood pressure healing area
a
N 5m
Aroma plaza
10m
20m
064
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06 Therapy process Plan
N 5m
10m
CVD(cardiovascular disease) healing area - 88 -
15m
06 Therapy process Section
5m
10m
15m
Plant collocation
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Plan
N 5m
10m
High blood pressure healing area - 90 -
15m
06 Therapy process
Section
5m
10m
15m
Plant collocation
Perspective
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06 Therapy process Plan
N 2.5m
5m
Diabetes healing area - 92 -
10m
06 Therapy process
Section
2.5m
5m
10m
Plant collocation
Perspective
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06 Therapy process
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06 Therapy process
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06 Therapy process 065 Design conclusion
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06 Therapy process
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07 Promotion plan 071 Shanghai region promotion plan 072 Country region promotion suggestions 073 World promotion plan
07 Age-friendly city promotion plan
This project takes Shanghai Hongkou Elderly Community as the test site, and through the conclusion of design, the design framework is composed of three aspects: 1) Cultivation of aromatic plants, creation of aromatic space and effective aerobic exercise corridor, 2) Multiple forms of horticultural activities to achieve participation in landscape construction, 3) Promote the development of neighborhood socialization and social volunteerism based on horticulture activities.
In order to verify the sustainability and flexibility of the project, the project considers continuing to gradually improve the design framework and design theory through a series of promotion plan: 1) Continue to test the existing design framework through other aging areas in Shanghai and consider more forms of public space. 2) Through the research and experiments on the top ten cities with severe aging in China, different design considerations are considered for the construction of space for the treatment of the elderly under different climatic and geographical environments. 3) Study the cities of age-friendly partner cities around the world, and put forward the help and significance of this project design framework to the urban landscape construction in the Western Pacific region.
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07 Age-friendly city promotion plan 071 Shanghai region promotion plan
According to the Shanghai municipal government's urban park planning from 2017 to 2035, the project suggests that the geriatric healing landscape design method should be considered in the design of park green space in several districts with severe aging, and that horticulture activities and voluntary social activities should be carried out in combination with surrounding urban facilities.
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07 Age-friendly city promotion plan 072 Country region promotion suggestions
Northeast China is the region with the most severe aging in China. However, due to geographical environment and climate problems, Northeast China has extremely different climatic environment in different seasons, and there are great limitations in the selection of plants and construction materials for outdoor public space. Since the frequency of outdoor activities is greatly reduced in the dry and cold winter environment in the north, more consideration should be given to the adaptability of various aromatic plant devices, and the device design of different scales should be considered to meet the needs of different numbers of people.
Top 10 most aging cities in China
Chengdu and Chongqing are also among the most aging cities in western China. They are in the Sichuan Basin, where the yearround humidity has caused many chronic joint diseases. Therefore, in the selection of plants, more consideration should be given to the effective aromatic plants for this chronic disease. At the same time, many local traditional cultures in medicine and diet in Sichuan can also be used as reference for the design of the healing landscape system, to increase the sense of identity and belonging of the local people.
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07 Age-friendly city promotion plan 073 World promotion plan
A s a h i g h l y u r b a n i ze d country, Japan has been aging for more than 30 years, so most of the elderly will live in cities and towns. The elderly population in high-density cities such as Tokyo and Osaka accounts for about 30% of the total population. They need to be as free as possible. Obstacles to travel and activities in the city, this design can provide this possibility for Japanese metropolises, and the use of corridor and aromatherapy to treat chronic diseases can also alleviate the burden of aging in Japan.
Although Australia has a sound medical system, the health of the elderly is still not optimistic. According to the government, less than half elderly people can get enough exercise every week, so obesity is the main problem affecting the health of the elderly. Therefore, the sports behaviors guided by the fitness corridor designed in this project will have great potential in the elderly communities in Australia.
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08 Conclusion
08 Conclusion
Conclusion Landscape architecture plays a vital role in creating an age-friendly environment. The project links the public landscape of urban communities with nursing care and is a preliminary experiment to explore the relationship between the two. At present, landscape architecture proposes a long-term intervention method in terms of elderly care healing function, so as to gradually improve the chronic disease of the elderly and reduce the risk of disease. Although this project theoretically provides a relatively complete therapeutic landscape design framework for community retirement, there are still many limitations that need to be supplemented and improved through future research and cooperation in multiple fields. It is first and foremost that as a strong participatory way of landscape construction, the realization of the landscape effect on healing participants relies on the long-time participation. As participants the old people also become an important part of the landscape construction. Although the project makes a certain way to promote the elderly to get involved in activities through value exchange mechanism which means that old people can got products by participating horticulture activities. In the process of development, how to maximize the active participation of the elderly in the process of landscape construction is still a big challenge of this project. Another limitation is the selection of plants. Although there are numerous varieties of aromatic plants on a global scale, they are not equally distributed in all regions of the world.Due to various factors of climate and geographical environment, in many northern regions of China, the aromatic plants with healing function corresponding to the chronic diseases of the elderly cannot grow well, thus causing great difficulties in the selection and cultivation of plants. This requires continued research on aromatic plants and innovative breeding of varieties to adapt to the local growing environment. We can also look for and study landscape installation or other healing methods that can replace the healing function of natural aromatic plants. The project is exploring an area that is relatively blank in the Chinese context, so the evidence available for reference is relatively limited. How to endow the healing landscape with stronger Chinese characteristics is also one of the directions for continuous research and development of this project. This project has made a preliminary attempt to combine Chinese herbal medicine culture. In the selection of herbs, it has considered the selection of traditional Chinese medicine herbs as horticultural plants, but there is still a long way to go in this field.At the same time, how to integrate more traditional Chinese culture and how to increase the sense of identity and belonging for participants and users is one of the motivations of this project to continuously update and improve. For the prevention and control of chronic diseases in the elderly, we cannot rely solely on the practice of medicine or landscape science. This is a multi-disciplinary problem involving botany, geography, psychology and other disciplines. It requires the joint efforts of all fields and disciplines to create a more perfect landscape environment for healing, change people's life style in the future, and advocate a healthy attitude towards life, which is the fundamental to prevent and control the high incidence of chronic diseases in the elderly
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09 Appendix & Reference
09 Appendix & Reference Community of practice
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09 Appendix & Reference
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09 Appendix & Reference
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09 Appendix & Reference
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