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m Black and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, April, 1906.

LITERARY

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The Russo-Japanese War. Two years ago the eyes of the world were turned to the Far East, anxious to learn what would come from the impending war between Russia and Japan. Would Japan fight Russia? It seemed a rather hazardous undertaking for her. Hut as she saw that Russia was rapidly preparing for war, she knew that she must light, and she struck the tirst blow when out of the darkness of the night >he shattered the calm of Port Arthur and sent Russia's battleships to destruction. A new page was written in a new chapter of the world's history. The causes that led to this war date back to the Chinese-Japancse war. After the termination of this war. in co-operation with Germany and France, Russia, without a shadow of a claim, compelling Japan to forfeit the fruits of her victory and to abandon her foothold on the Liao-tung peninsula, took possession of Port Arthur. Japan was at that time weak and had to yield to the inevitable. When Russia took Port Arthur and Manchuria, she an nounced that her stay there was only temporary and that she would vacate the territory as soon as affairs in China became more settled. But it is thought that she actually tried to acquire possession, for although she said that she had no designs of territorial acquisition, she presented a document to China in wdiicli she demanded certain concessions from her upon the evacuation of Manchuria, Had China assented to these demands, Russia would have gained a firm foothold in this territory. Idle Japanese government lodged a formal protest against these de mands with Prince C'hing It would take too long to give an account of them in full, but Russia wanted control of the rivers, the railroads, the telegraph lines, the mining, the forestry, no duty should be levied, in short, had China conceded these measures she would have lost all control in Man churia. But China hesitated. While these negotiations w’ere going on, Russia tried to gain a foothold in Korea precisely as she had fastened her grip on Manchuria. Under the

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guise of a concession granted to a commercial company to cut timber on the banks of the Yalu, a. hundred or more Russian officers with a large force of Chinese coolies went to Yongampho without notifying the Korean government and began to construct a telegraph line to connect \ ongampho with the military line of Manchuria. Evidently they wanted to erect a military post. The Korean government protested that the company had no right to enter into negotiations with the Russians. If Russia were permitted to turn Yongampho into a fortified military post, it would endanger the position of Japan, therefore Japan informed Korea not to enter into anv agreement. Amicable relations between Japan and Russia were fast be coming impossible. Japan proposed that their respective rights should be defined. Accordingly Baron Kcmura, the Japanese minister of foreign afi’airs, and Baron Rosen, the Russian minister to Japan, reached an agree ment in which the respective rights were defined. This was transmitted to St. Petersburg August 12, 1903. The Russian government waited until October 6 to make a reply and changed several things in the agreement She eliminated all the articles relating to Manchuria, reasserted her original demand that Japan should not make use of any part of Korea for strategic purposes. Japan asked Russia to modify her proposals, sent in other pmposals, but Russia would not listen, would not answer, would not even indi cate when she proposed to consider them, but rapidly augmented her naval and military forces in the Far East. It was obvious what Russia intended to do. So on February 6, 1904, Japan severed all diplomatic relations with Russia and hostilities immediately began. The war was there, would Japan last? It was admitted that Japan might at first hold Russia at bay, but finally she would be overpowered. In naval warfare she might be victorious, but on land it was impossible. Time has, however, proved that both on sea and on land Japan completely out classed Russia. in the first battle, the passage of the Yalu by the Japanese and the capture of Kinlcncheng, the Japanese showed their superiority. This was a decisive battle. It was the first time that Europeans were arrayed against Asiatics in practically equal numbers, with advantage of position in favor of the Russians, but with every element of military superiority on the side of the Japanese. The latter fought with great bravery, their strategy was better than that of their opponents, and all accounts agree that the Japanese guns were heavier, of longer range, and more accurately served. The Russians were outflanked and forced to retreat after leaving forty guns in the hands of the enemy. This would, however, not have been a bad defeat for the Russians had they redeemed themselves. But this victory for Japan was followed bv a series of others and all tell of the same superior Japanese strategv and su perior Japanese fighting power. The Russians were steadily driven back.

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At Liaovang Kuropatkin resolved to make a stand. He chose the southern bank of the Taitse to receive the enemy's attack. For months the ablest Russian military engineers had been at work fortifying Liaovang, making it, as he believed, impregnable. Kuropatkin felt sure of victory and for once he thought that the Japanese would be unable to outflank him, as the Taitse rolled in his rear. Hut this is exactly what Ovama did. While the fighting was going on in front, Kuroki threw his entire army across the river and attacked the Russians in the rear. This brought Kuropatkin into a very critical position, but he managed to extricate himself, and after a <;-ries of rear-guard actions with heavy loss found shelter behind the walls of .Mukden. And here he was again beaten. The battle of Mukden ranks with any of the large battles in the world's history. The fighting around Mukden lasted over a month. Kuropatkin was pressed on all sides, his condition at times was nearly hopeless, his losses were great. It was expccied that he would have to surrender. It must be said that in this battle the Russians displayed great courage and bravery. But the fighting ended in a rout for the Russians, an 1 with a small, worn-out, and crippled army Kuropatkin reached Harbin. Mukden was a crushing defeat for the RusÂ sians, their power as a fighting force was destroyed in Manchuria. This was March 29, 1905. But before this time, January 2, 1905, General Stoessel had been forced to surrender Port Arthur. The siege had lasted nearly one year, with stubborn defense on the side of the Russians and gallant charges on the side of the Japanese, as the storming of Two Metre Hill plainly shows. As a people the Russians are brave and arc able to stand severe fatigue. But although thev are physically brave, they are mentally dull and not inspired by a feeling of patriotism. They lack the patriotism, intelligence, and dash which arc the conspicuous characteristics of the Japanese soldier. But the bravest and strongest race cannot win military victories when they have an imperfect and corrupt organization, or when the officers arc given up to luxury. In navai warfare Russia did nothing. From the beginning of the war the world was amazed at the incompetence displayed by the Russian naval officers. The Pert Arthur fleet was at once disabled. The Baltic fleet, which was sent to the East near the close of the war. would, as was thought, redeem the disasters that had been suffered at sea. The naval battle took place in the Japan sea May 27. 1905, and was then spoken of as one of the most famous and most decisive battles in history. But it was another disaster for the Russians. It resulted in the annihilation of the Russian fleet as a fighting force, with the capture of its commander-in-chief and the loss of nearly ten thousand men. Only two cruisers and three destroyers escaped; twenty battleships, a large number of destroyers, torpedo-boats and other craft were either sunk or surrendered. Admiral Togo was the hero of the day.

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The war was over. Russia was disastrously, decisively, and hopelessly beaten. She had seen her troops beaten on land, beaten whether they fought on the defensive or on the offensive, beaten whether they fought behind intrenchments or in the open, beaten whether they outnumbered the enemy or were inferior to them in number. She had seen her ships de stroyed, destroyed by gun fire, by mines, or by strategy. There was, however, no truce made when peace negotiations were entered upon. President Roosevelt acted as the mediator. It was due to his persistency in suggesting ways and means that the final agreement was reached. He proposed peace to the belligerents, and both accepted his pro posals. The envoys of the nations concerned met at Portsmouth August 10, 1905, to agree on the terms of peace. This was a difficult task and required great diplomatic skill, which both Count Witte and Baron Komura possessed. Although Russia had been defeated she would not submit t an indemnity. Japan came to Portsmouth resolved to force Russia to pa\ an indemnity equivalent to the expenses of the war and to retain the island of Sakhalin, which she had won by force of arms. But Russia was obsti nate and would rather continue the war than pay the indemnity, and it was not until August 29 that the terms of peace were agreed upon. But they were contrary to what everybody expected. Japan waived all her claims to an indemnity from Russia and agreed to return one-half of Sakhalin, giving Russia practically her own terms. Japan showed a magnanimous spirit in yielding, and she acted in the interest of the world and promoted the cause of civilization. Russia’s power, however, is irreparably shattered in the Far East in that she lost Port Arthur and in that the rest of Man churia was restored to Chinese jurisdiction. We know that Japan could have carried on the war and finally forced Russia to accept her terms. Russia could not have held out much longer. She was already in great financial straits, her treasury was empty, her credit was lost. But this was not all. Her inward conditions were fast becoming dangerous, a revolution was threatening. The war had shown the people their weakness and also their strength. Their weakness was in their despotic government, their strength would be in liberty. Russia was disturbed by uprisings and strikes from the capital to the Black sea. The reign of the Tsar seemed to have come to an end. But he saved himself by brutal military force. Another thing that saved him was the fact that the people were not quite fit for the task they had begun ; they lacked a leader. And about all it was Count Witte that saved him. These disturbances were a direct result of the war. They were effective, although the people did not get what they wanted. A great step was taken toward liberty. The Tsar was forced to make concessions. He issued a manifesto which for the first time in the history of Russia confers on the people the right of Suffrage, grants civil liberty, and ends abso-

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hitisin. By it Russia is given a cabinet form of government with Count Witte as the first premier of the empire. But it is not a representative government as the English parliament; it does not control the purse; it cannot initiate legislation; it can he dissolved at the will of the emperor. But it is a beginning, and it is not to he believed that the people will stop here. 'The people have received some liberties; they will get more. They realize that, if they want to keep in pace with the other great nations of the world, a more liberal form of government is absolutely necessary. These liberties, together with a good system of education, will enkindle in them a national feeling and a love for their country. Had they enjoyed this before the war, chances are that Russia would not have suffered such great humiliation from Japan. E. A. W., ’06. -s* .*

The Early Pennsylvania Germans. All the important European nations took part in the discovery and in the early settlement of North Amenta, but only Spain, France, England, Ger many. and in some degree Holland left traces of their colonization and have had a lasting influence on the development of the character of the American people. The great Spanish and French explorers, who went out as adventurers an 1 with a sp rit to conquer. which was dominant in these nations at the time, founded large empires round the Gulf of Mexico and in the St. Lawrence basin. Although their empires did not last, these people have left the stamp of their nationality on these districts. Then the English began their work of colonization. But they came not with great generals and mighty armies. They came as tillers of the soil and slowly but steadily conquered the land. Finally the Germans came, fleeing from their mother country to be free from the tyranny of their despotic princes. They were too weak to think of conquering. They came simply to seek a place of abode. But still they have had a ’astmg influence. Although they founded no colonies of their own, their spirit of conservatism has acted on our whole nation. The most important c-use of the early G rman immigration was the demoralized political and rehgious condition of Germany. The whole coun try, and especially the southern part, had suffered terribly from the Thirty Years’ war. Cities and villages were devasted and the “whole intellectual, moral, and religious character of the German people received a shock that almost threatened it with annihilation.” Especially the peasantry in the Palatinate, the most fruitful district of Germany, from which the greater part of the immigrants came, suffered severely. When they had almost recovered from this terrible blow, Louis XIV. ordered his soldiers to burn

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the Palatinate and ruin all life that was still existing:. The effects of this plundering invasion were worse than those of the great war. People were driven from their homes and their houses were burnt. Orchards were hewn down and fields of corn were devastated. As soon as the French had gained control of this Protestant province, they supported the Catholics in every way. After peace was restored, the Jesuits were in full sway and the Protestant church was almost crushed. But worst of all the conditions was the corruption, tyranny, and ex travagance of the Catholic rulers who now governed the provinces. In stead of furthering the interests of their wretched subjects, they oppressed them still more. Imitating the court of Louis XIV., they lived in splendor while the country was on the very verge of ruin. It is not surprising that the people, who were too weak to revolt, simply left their homes in search of liberty. \ Under these conditions the oppressed people thought it a very favorable opportunity when William Penn, on his third missionary journey to 1 lolland and Germany, made them an offer to come to his colony in Pennsylvania, his “holy experiment,” as he called it, in which religious as well as political freedom should be granted to all. Several enterprising men bought a tract of twenty-five thousand acres and presently thirteen men with their families set sail for their new home of freedom on board the Concord. the "German Mayflower.” They reached Philadelphia October (», 1683, shortly after Francis Pastcrius, the leader of the expedition, had landed and founded Germantown, the first German settlement in America. After a few years the second German settlement reached the New World. It was an inter esting band of mystics under the superintendence of Johann Kelpino, who had come to await the coming of the Lord. From an astronomical watch tower they kept constant watch for the signs of the coming Christ. Then came the Swiss Mcnnonites in 1710. At almost the same time great num bers of Palatines immigrated by way of England. Queen Anne, who was distinctly related to the Palatinate electors, invited these distressed Continental Protestants to come to her country. Many noblemen and mer chants provided for their emigration to America. Attracted bv the flourish ing conditions in Germantown, more immigrants constantly arrived in Phil adelphia, and it is estimated that in this period the German colonists num bered about fifteen thousand. During the period from 1727 to the Revolution the immigration was greatest. The total number of colonists, which consisted of Palatines, Switzers, Wiirtembergers. and others, was over sixty-eight thousand. As the lands near Philadelphia were gradually taken up the settlers were obliged to cross the Susquehanna and settle in the western part of the state. 'I'lie voyage to the New World as a rule lasted about four months and was connected with the greatest of hardships. Already the beginning. on

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the Rhine, was combined with difficulties. But the sea voyage was worst of all. The- sailing ships of that time were not equipped well enough to accommodate the great number of passengers they generally had on board. As a consequence, the whole journey was one continual series of discom forts, suffering, disease, and death. The death rale was something fright ful, in one case one hundred persons out of one hundred and fifty dying of lack of nourishment. But these were not the worst calamities the emigrants had to endure. W hen the English ship-owners found out that it was more profitable to carry emigrants than freight they induced many people to leave their homes b\ overpraising this country of freedom. They charged them exhorbitant rates, and if they could not pay them on arriving at Philadelphia, they were sold as servants bound for a number of years. This custom is known as redemplionism. The large majority of settlers were poor. Although some of them had been wealthy at home, they were reduced to poverty by the terrible invasion of Louis XIV’s soldiers. Many used their last money to pay for the i'-urnev. But although they lost all their wealth, there was one thing that iln-\ si ill had—the skill to cultivate the land. With wonderful earnestness and vim these stern Mermans went to work and changed the unbroken forests ini-- rich farming lands. And wisely they chose the densely timbered districts, for they knew where the forest is densest the soil is best fitted for a riculture. Verv fitly they could say with the Swiss in Schiller’s “Wil helm Tell”: ,AVir haben diesen Bodcn tins erschaffen Ourch unsere Mamie Reiss, den alien Wald, Dvr sonst der Biircn wilder Wohnung war, Zu einem Sitz fur Mcnschen umgcwandelt.'* They built large barns, which, according to description, closely resembled the ones built by our western farmers, In large, heavv wagons covered with white tops they took the produce of their farms to the market. Their h< mes were as a rule built after the Merman style. They were constructed of st» ne. “two stories high, with pitched roof and with cornices run across the gables and around the first story.” In the middle was a large chimney. 'I’he inside was furnished with oak and almost every room had its own fire-place. Quaint inscriptions, which often showed the pious character of the builder, adorned the gable walls. In close connection with their work were the strange superstitions of the Pennsylvania Lermans. Thev had manv strange beliefs and curious practices. which were survivals of old heathen customs. They closely observed the different phases of the moon, Thev believed in witches and wore amulets. They had many strange ways of curing diseases, and especially old women were believed to possess great curative powers. Many of their

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verses remind one of the old "Segcnsformcn.' The following was used to cure snake bite: „Gott hot alles arscliaffen und alles war gut; Als du alle Schlang, bisht ferflucht, Ferflucht solsht du sei’ und dei’ gift.*4 In general the life of the Pennsylvania German farmer was uneventful. He toiled from morning to evening. Sometimes the routine ot his labors was broken up by quilting or husking "frolics.'’ Births, marriages, and funerals were as a rule celebrated. Especially on the occassion of a wed ding or a funeral the whole community within a radius of fifty miles was present. A peculiar characteristic of the Pennsylvania Germans is the obstinacy with which they cling to their dialect, which is a mixture of the dialeds of the Palatine, of Wurtcmberg, and of Switzerland. The peculiarity <>f the dialect as it is spoken today has its origin from the influence of UnEnglish language. Many words were simply adopted from the English. Others are compounds of German and English words, as "carving-mess r" and "flauer-harrcl." Still others are hvbrid forms, as “abstarle”—to start off. "auspicke"—to pick out. The most curious, however, are the word-, that express an English idea in German, as “gulgucklich,” good looking, or “hcmgemacht,” home-made. The interesting literature in this dialect originated later on, in the nine tcenth century. The literature written during colonial times was not in dialect, but in literary German. It is mostly theological. Very many prayer and hymn books and other religious books and pamphlets were published. Conrad Beissel, leader of the Ephrata Community, wrote many hymns. But his poetical talent was of low order. The most important of the early literary men was Francis Pastorius, the founder of Germantown. Only a few of his writings, however, appeared in print. , The greater part of these literary productions were printed at the pub lishing house of Christopher Sauer, who set up the first German printing press in America. His greatest achievement was the quarto Bible, which was the first one printed in any European language in the New World. I le also published an almanac, which was for many years the only one in the colonies printed in German. Two German newspapers were published in Pennsylvania at this lime, and the one edited by Sauer had four thousand subscribers in its flourishing period. The Germans of Pennsylvania were often, especially by their English neighbors, accused of being stupid and ignorant. To anyone who looks into this matter closer it will be clear that this was not the case. Thev were probably ignorant of the English language, but in their own language they were just as far advanced as their English neighbors. They had their own schools, in which their children were taught to read, write, and cipher.

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and they had their own teachers as well as the English. Yes, they even had a large number of highly educated men, as Fastorius, Kclping, Roster, Falchner, and Miller, who is said to have translated the Declaration of In dependence into seven different languages. It is true, the greater part of the common people cared not much for higher education, and it is owing to this fact that Franklin College at first failed. As we have seen in several instances, the Pennsylvania Germans were very pious people. At first they had no organized churches. But later on, when the districts were more settled by Germans, every community had its own pastor and teacher. In some instances whole congregations emigrated, bringing their pastor and teacher with them. The large family bible and the hymn book were diligently read. It is the knowledge of these books that comforted them in their days of hardship and trial. The story is told of one John Schell and his wife and four sons who kept up their courage while a band of sixty-four Indians attacked them by singing Luther’s battlehymn. ,.Kin feste Burg ist unser Gott.“ The great majority of Pennsylvania Germans belonged to the Lutheran and Reformed churches. These two denominations existed peaceably side ■soip.mip uouiu popunoj .\otp sostjd .unmi ui pue ppiOyW a\3.\t oip ui opts Aq although in the "fatherland” there was constant strife between them. Next in number were the Moravians, who founded Bethlehem and took an active part in Indian mission until the massacre of Guadenhuttcn during the French and Indian war suddenly put a stop to it. The Mennonites or Ana baptists settled mainly in Lancaster County, which is now the richest farm ing country in the United States. Similar to them were the Dunkards. They, too, disbelieved in infant baptism and also refused to bear arms. They performed the ceremony of baptizing by dipping (tunken), hence their name. Besides these a great number of sects originated among the Germans of Pennsylvania, too numerous to be mentioned. The Roman Catholics had little influence. Most of the Germans among them after wards became Protestants. In the political world the old Pennsylvania Germans did not produce many great men. And how could they? How was this possible of a people who had always been under a despotic government and never had anything to sav in affairs of the state? And besides these people did not come to the New World in the expectation of plaving a part in political affairs, they had come to find a home. Later, however, after the Revolution, they took a more active part in politics. In war the Pennsylvania Germans have shown more activity. Although there were some among them who refused to bear arms on account of re ligious scruples, the greater number of them willingly fought for the com mon cause. It was they who in the French and Indian wars, largely through their missionary work, pacified the Indians. Especially the services of Conrad Weiser, the interpreter, cannot be overestimated. “It was he

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more than any other man who kept the Five Nations faithful to the English at that time.” Even more did they show their patriotism in the Revolution. They were eager to fight for independence, for they hated subjection and tyranny. As soon as the news from Lexington came to them they resolved to form a militia, and the first company to reach Washington at Cambridge was from Pennsylvania under Lieut. Miller, marching five hundred miles to reach its destination. Besides serving in the Continental Army, the Ger mans furnished it with provisions and horses. From their flourishing farms Washington's men took their sustenance. They had hut few great officers. The most important of them were General Herkimer and (leneral Muhlenberg. It is well known how the latter, then a pastor, one Sunday preached on the-wrongs of the colonies, and then taking off his gown before his congregation, showed his uniform and said that he was now going to fight for the independence. In conclusion we might ask. What have the Pennsylvania Germans done for our country? As we have said, the greater part of them were farmers, and they remained so. In this their calling they succeeded in turning eastern Pennsylvania into a garden. But also as manufacturers and in ventors they have become famous. The vast iron foundries and steel plants at Reading, Bethlehem, Allentown, and other places are to a great extent owned and operated by men of German descent. Also in the field of learning they have produced men of reputation. It may be mentioned here that two of the largest telescopes in the world were given by James 1 .ick and Charles Yerkes, both descendants of Pennsylvania German families. Of literary men who trace their ancestry back to these early German settlers may be mentioned Bayard Taylor and John Luther Long. The Pennsyl vania Germans have up to this day preserved many of their trails and cus toms, but they have also been widely influenced by their American neighbors, as may be readily seen in their strange dialect A. II. S., 06.

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Che Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF. HENRY J. DIEHL, ?07

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EDITORIAL

With this issue The Black and Red enters upon the tenth year of its existence ami with it the new editorial staff assumes its duties. During the past year it has been the constant endeavor of the editors to make this journal a worthy representative of our institution and it is left to you to decide whether they have been successful or not. We, the members of the new staff, shall endeavor to keep our paper up to its old standard, but, kind reader, you must not criticize us too severely, if our work does not come up to your expectations for the first. Please remember that we are but beginners and unskilled bands at the work and you undoubtedly know from experience that all beginnings are difficult. We shall, however, do our best and. if the members of the student body lend us a helping hand, our success cannot be questioned. Fellow students! It has fallen to our lot to conduct this paper for you ii

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during the coining year. Please bear in mind that J hf. Black and Red is your paper and that its success, therefore, depends on you; i f you do that, you cannot but be willing to work with the newly-elected staff. Do not try to excuse yourself or refuse when asked to write an article, but get down to work and be prompt in handing in your material. If you do your duty, we promise to do all we can in the interest of your paper, Tiie Black and Red. * * * * * Hutchinson, in his History of Northumberland, speaking of Pasche eggs, commonly called Easter eggs, says that eggs were already by the Egyptians held as a sacred emblem of the renovation of mankind. Later on the Jews adopted it to suit the circumstances of their history, as a type of their departure from Egypt at the time of Moses. Eggs were always used at the feast of the Passover as part of the furniture of the table with the Paschal Lamb. Yes, this custom of giving eggs at Easter has been traced up to the theology and philosophy of Egyptians, of the Persians, Gauls, Greeks, and Romans. All of these people looked upon an egg as the emblem of the universe, A certain writer supposes the egg at Easter “an emblem of the rising up out of the grave in the same manner as the chick, entombed, as it were, in the egg, is in due time brought to life.” Emanating from the Egyptians and Jews, this custom has spread over all countries. In Germany an em blematical present is at times given which takes the place of eggs. Three hens are represented as upholding a basket, containing three eggs orna mented with pictures of the resurrection. Over the egg in the middle there is an Agnus Dei with a chalice representing Faith, the remaining two symbolize Charity and Hope. Beneath the whole the following lines are to be found: Easter Eggs,

Alle gutc Ding sind drei. Drum schenk ich dir drei ()ster Ei, Glaub und Iloffnung sammt der Licb Niemals aus dem Herzen schieb, Glaub der Kirch, vertrau auf Gott Liebe ihn bis in den Tod. In Russia on Easter Day the custom is to greet one another with a fervent kiss, and then to exchange a red egg with the words, “Christos vos ChristeA In regard to the practice of painting and decorating eggs by the

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Catholics, a writer asserts that this custom arose from the joy which their returning to their favorite food after so long an abstinence called forth. 4 * 41

Wolil kein Feiertag ist dcr luthcrischen Kirche so heilig wie Karfreitag, dcr Freitag vor Ostern, der derri Andenken von Christi Leiden und Tod gewidmet wird. Schon der eigentliche Name, stiller Freitag, entspricht dem Character seiner Feier in der Kirche, und kein guter Christ untcrlasst es, sich auf diesem Tage moglichst stille zu verhalten. Die ersten Spuren seiner Feier begegnen tins uni die Mitte des zweiten Jahrhunderts: doch wurde er damals nur (lurch gcscharftcs Fasten ausgezeichnet. Im Jahre 325 wurde die Feier dieses Tages vom Concil zu X iaea zum allgemeincn Kirchengesetzc erhoben. Dennoch ward seine Feier lange Zeit sehr beschrankt. Spiiter im Mittelalter heiligte man ihn durch strenges Fasten und Mciden aller Arbeit. Glockcnklang und Musikbcgleitung fielen weg: man sang Klagclicder anstatt Hymnen. Mlmahlich drang aber die Feier dieses Tages mehr und mehr (lurch bis er lieute unter den Christen zum hochsten Feicrtage erhoben ist. F.s isi zu bedauern, (lass der Karfreitag in der katholischen Kirche, die doch < Feier aus alten Xeitcn uberkommen hat. zu eincm blossen Fasttag herabg<-sunken ist. Fr wird von ihr nur als halber Feiertag betrachtet. ja zum Toil mil gerauschvollen Dingen zugebracht. Das sonst verhullte Krcuz w ird enthullt und der Verehrung dargeboten. Doch nichts in der katholischen I'eier dieses Pages ist so aufTallcnd wie die Anbetung des Kreuzes. .Mil passender Feierlichkcit wird ein Kruzifix auf den Altar gestellt. Auf ihren Knieen nahern sich dann die Priester sammt der ganzen Gemeinde. die Gestalt Jesu zu kussen. In den Augcn der Protestanten ist das einc abgdttischc Ceremonie, wie in der christlichen Kirche kcinc zweite zu finden ist. Bcsonders die Reformierte Kirche hat sich lange gegen die Feier des Karfreitags gestriiubt, weil sic keinen ausdrucklichen Befehl in dcr Bibel fiir seine Feier findet. Doch scit 1862 wurde dieser Tag in der Reformicrten Kirche, besonders in der Schweiz, zu einem kirchlichen Feicrtage erhoben. Karfreitag.

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The design on the cover of this number of The Black ..\ni> Rk ) was drawn bv Mr. Hans Gaebler, a member of the Junior class. The members of the editorial staff were much pleased with it and wish to express their heartfelt thanks to him for it through the medium of this paper. Editorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Note,

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ALUMNI Collegezeitungen vor Dreissig Jahren.

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(Fortselzung.) Unter den Geschichten, die der ,,Schnick-Schnack“ seinen Lcscrn allemal als Vorkost zu deni fiir die damaligen Studentcn intcrcssanteren 1 lumor und Lokalen anftischte, finden wir: Ein Abenteuer des Herzogs von Riche lieu, Eine fiirstlichc Belohnung, Die Schaferhutte, Die Auktion u. A. Manclie von diesen liefen durcli mchrere Nummern. Das Abenleiierliclic und Humoristische wiegt in ilinen vor. Wenn ein damaligcr Leser einer Collegezeitung die Mappe in die I land bekam. die das Blau enthielt, so war es neun aus zehn Mai gewiss, dass er zuerst die Seite aufsuchte, die die Ueberschrift „Lokales" trug: und wii mussen gestehen, dass, als wir nacli dreissig Jahren zum ersten Mai wieder den „Schnick-Schnack" zu (iescjaichtl bekamen. wir es auch so maclilen. Und es ist uns dabei wunderlicb zu Mute geworden. Diese urwuchsigen, oft schnodderigen Auslassungen fiber Mitstudenten und YorkomnuiHse ini College und in der Stadt, versetzten uns umvillkiirlich zuriick in eine Zeh. die wir zu der gliicklichsten in unserem Leben rechnen. Wir vergasscu, dass wir bereits vor einem Yirteljahrhundert aus deni Collegeverbande entlassen worden waren, und wurden wieder Student unter Studentcn. Den freimiitigen, edit studentiscben Ton, der in diesen lokalen Bemerkungen und Anekdotcn lierrsclit, vermissen wir in den meisten College zeitungen unserer Tage. Und das ist aucli ganz naturlich. Damals war ein Collegeblatt nur fiir die Augen der Studenlenschaft innerhalb der Collegemauern berechnet. Kcin gestrenger .,exchange editor" in Chicago, New Orleans oder Tokio liatte Gelegenheit, iisthetische, grammaliscbe oder an dcre Aussetzungen zu niachen. Die eingige Zensur, die der Collcgeredakteur zu befurchten liatte, war das Urteil seiner Leser: und diese Zensui war durchaus nicht rigoros. Die lokalen Andeutungen im „Schnick-Schnack“ kdnnen frcilich zum grossen Toil nur die verstehen und wurdigen, die ,.dabei gewesen" sind. Da lesen wir u. A., dass des Benedix crlauchte Nase letzte Woclie die (iiite liatte, dass sie „bl6tt“: dass Rosskamm und Scultete sich am I'reitag in den Iiaaren gclegcn haben; und dass am Samstag Freund II. L. versuchen wollte aui deni Boden des Flusses Schlittschuh zu laufen, dass es ilim mil einem Bein auch gelungen sei. dass das anderc aber lieber oben bleiben wollte; dass der Bart Philippi am Sonnabend den Weg alles bleisches gegangen sei: dass des Erzbengcl Michel Bart aus 27 llaaren bestehe, wovon 18 auf den Schnauz- und 9 auf den Kinnbart kommen; und anderc welt-

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bewegendc Ereignisse mchr. In dcr Nummer vom 13. Dezembcr 1875 wird berichtct: Die Wahlen in dcr Concordia (cin litcrarisclier Vcrein damaliger Zeit) ficlen nacli unsrer Meinung gut aus. namlich: President, Kohler; Yice-Prasident, Bullinger; Editor, Feld; Critic, Aug. Piepcr; Protokolliercndcr Sckretar, Gausewitz; Correspondierender Sekretar, Schaller; Chaplain, H. Lueker; Bibliothckar, Harms; Schatzmeister, Pankow. > Cnlcr Humor bringt das Blatt in jedcr Nummer cine ganze Seitc Wilze, die zum grossen Tcil die Schere geliefert hat. Die Rebusse und Riitsel auf der letzten Seitc waren gewohnlich von O. G. Die Losung der Prcisratscl brachtc dem gliicklichen Loser cine freie Nummer cin. Dass es Geschaftsleuten im College damals nicht an Untcrnehmungs geist felilte, zeigt folgende Anzeige: I miner nocli nicht ausverkauft! Fedcrn, Brief- und Fools-cappapier, Cmiverte, Schreibbucher und Fcderhalter sammt Blcistifte zu verkaufen bei Louis Schumacher, No. 17 im alien Gebaudc, Drcimal uni und dann in die Eckc. (Schluss folgt.) —W. H.. ’81. ■*

Personal Notes. Contributions to this column arc requested from all former students regard of actual graduation. Class secretaries or historians, especially, arc urged to /iromote the success of the column. When newspaper clipping« arc sent care should he taken to indicate date and place clearly. —K. \V. Zutz and L. P. Pascwalk, who attended our institution in the early eighties, arc now vice-president and cashier respectively of The Norfolk National Bank. Norfolk, Nebraska. It was after years of effi cient work that they advanced to the very responsible positions which they now occupy. — Ernst Adelhcrg, a former student, has a position in the mail service in Milwaukee. —After taking a course at the Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Karl limit, who graduated in 1870. accepted the professorship tendered him by the trustees of Concordia College of Milwaukee. As the school at that time was still in embryo stage he also devoted considerable time to fostering and developing the interests of the college. Nothing can give better evidence of the success of his work than the present status of the school. —'Charles Skinner, a graduate of the academy, is practicing law at Watertown.

THE BLACK AND RED

—Arthur ITalfmann, the well known representative of the athletic depart ment, is pastor of a Lutheran church at Manchester, New Hampshire. —Ferdinand Christian, ’03. who on account of illness was obliged to spend a few weeks at his home, has returned to Chicago, where he is in the employ of the Illinois Steel Company as private secretary, lie has als< been engaged in doing literary work, contributing frequently to the editorial page of The Rccord-lfcrald of t hicago. —Gilbert Diestler, who discontinued his studies in 1003 in order lo enter the engineering school of the University of Wisconsin, has again won the esteem of music enthusiasts, in this instance at the state capitol. TTe has been chosen student-director of the University Hand with the rank of lieutenant. This is particularly of interest as, according lo reports, the band this year has reached a stage of efficiency that has never heretofore been attained. —Ferdinand Schulz, who at one time attended our college and later re ceived his degree from Rush Medical College, has served a number of vears as Commissioner of Public Health in the city of Milwaukee. -j» .*

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Our Contemporaries

“Don’t view me with a critic’s eye, T»ut pass my imperfections by.” This is the plea with which we sit down before the huge stack of ex changes to assume the duties of this department, which our predecessor lv< so ably conducted. Keenly, indeed, we feel the sting of our inexperien v as ye glance over the various exchange columns and note the meritorious make-up of the majority of them, and constantly the question confronts 11s, “Are you competent for the task before you?” We can but answer that it shall be our earnest endeavor to bring this column up to the standard, making it our aim in everv case to give credit where credit is due and censure where censure is due. ()ne of the first exchanges to attract our attention as ben*T a nublicatim of more than ordinary merit, was the February number of the J'assay Mis cellany. The article on “Mathematics and the Lome of Experience” be trays a thorough understanding of the subject. The little store “Thou . . . Christian." while being interestin'*, seems a trifle vague. The edi torial on “Self-Government” is ably written—we must admit it. though personally feeling somewhat sl'enti'al in regard to the pnctihility of such a change. While being decidedly in favor of se1f-*i- >vernm''^t in colleges, the writer admits that we need not hope to gain this privilege until we

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have proven ourselves able to assume the responsibilities connected there with. ()ur admiration was especially aroused by the fearless denunciation of the custom prevalent among students of seeking to escape exposure and punishment "through a specious twisting of facts, which in most cases lead to downright falsehoods.” "Fereda, the Gypsy Girl,” in the February number of the Otterbcin Aegis is a fascinating little story and speaks well for its author, an ’to. And the cut—we must not forget to mention the cut, which has led us to all sorts of conjectures as to what may be the "power behind the thrown!” The last issue of The Xcwberry Stylus (S. C.) contains a number of instructive articles. In "Learn to Think” the writer attributes the success of a m:-n !•> his ability to think, and. in conclusion, draws attention to the fact that ii is the great fault of our average boy that he thinks too little, ib. u li Mibject> for thought suggest themselves at every turn. In our opini i the writer could have improved on his article had lie dwelled less on hi- favorite topic, engineering. "From Darkness to Light” is written ?•' : iiedi-h and the principle of unity well observed. The ending of "A Strok e i •f Misfortune" is too “Cooperean" to please the average reader. The exchange column of the .1 I. If. Acrolith is one of the best we have I n.et. The article on the "Fall of Jerusalem” is evidently the ■ f dili 'ent reseach and clear thinking, and docs credit to the i the editorial columns we are given a short explanation of the . r which the writer goes on to show that the name of their p r a i selected at random, but as an acrolith when it drops at night spree S rays of light, so the M. II. Acrolith'is to cast light on the charact' r i f their institution. th j'i v.:

With regard to The Hcraldo (Denver, Colo.) we must say that it is one of the neatest little papers that has come under our observation. "Our Princess" may not strike the fancy of most mature readers, but that dees not detract from its value. That the writer lays special emphasis on the fact that the Princess and her mother had no just cause to oppose the uni*m of Alicia and Edwin Arnaud shows with what care the article was written. For had this fact not been emphasized, the entire dignity of the story would have suffered. The essay on "Anthony Wayne" speaks for itself. The exchange editor raises the complaint that many papers have no exchange columns. Put between vou and me. Mr. Ex. Editor, is not your column somewhat limited? As for that ad. between the athletic and society columns, surely that got there by mistake! "Credulity” in the last number of The Comcnhn is a fine article and verv appropriate. We are warned against the habit of accepting in good faith everything we hear, it being the source from which Gossip draws her information and the cause of many petty dissensions. The article on "Sev eral Escapades, a la Chavenne" is cleverly written, indeed. The humorous

TIIE BLACK AND RED

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vein pervading the whole is natural, betraying no signs of affected wit. “On Corners,” “College Spirit, Extended,” and "The Evangelization of the World in this Generation” are model editorials characterized by the earnest sentiments underlying them. “The Reign of Dust” in the pre-Easter number of The Index (Osh kosh, Wis.) presents to our view a vivid picture of the appalling ( ?) con ditions existing in South Dakota. Arid Sahara, you have found a rival and your terrors are crowded into insignificance! Now either the writer was prejudiced, or misled by exaggerating reports, for, being personally not totally ignorant of conditions in the “Coyote State,” we know that this portion of Uncle Sam's great farm is not the victim of such frowns of nature as he would have believe. We must confess that we cannot quite agree with The Index in her method of criticising exchanges by turn. If the number of your exchanges is a large one, it is hardly probable that an exchange will come up for criticism oftener than once a year. This gives the insignificant ones the same representation as the better ones. And we feel that justice cannot be done to all in this way, for from a single number we cannot judge a paper. For instance, it may happen that, owing to the tardiness of con tributors and other causes our paper does not come up to its usual stand ard. Should it be the fate of this copy to pass your criticism, readers of your paper would get a wrong impression of ours as a whole. We hold that if an issue is worthy of special praise or that it may profit by our criticism, we should devote a portion of our space to it, regardless that we may have made mention of the same paper in a former issue. How ever, this is but a personal opinion and we would gladly hear a defence of yours. But, dear Index, do you not act contrary to your criticisms bv giving the F. A. P Co. such a conspicuous place among your reading matter to advertise their new spring dress goods?

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ATHLETICS

On April 4, the first baseball team opened the season at Northwestern with a practice game. The final score was 6 to 5 in favor of the first nine. Although both pitchers threw moderately well, Motzkus, pitcher of the second team, has a slight advantage over Luetke of the first team. He struck out 17 men. Captain Wcndland has not yet decided with whom to fill out the vacancies; Manager Stern is working hard to complete the schedule. Following

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is the result up to the present date. April 28, Wayland Academy at Beaver Dam.(?) May 1, University of Notre Dame at Watertown. May 12, Open. May 16, Milton College at Watertown. May 25, Lawrence University at Watertown. June 2, Concordia College. Place uncertain. June 9, Whitewater Normal at Whitewater. June 16. Marquette College at Watertown. In a regular meeting April 4. the board of athletics decided to have the diamond plowed as soon as possible, so that the team may practice on a good diamond after the Easter holidays. According to a further resolution the old suits are to be worn by the first nine in all practice games. The second nine still has the old blue suits worn last by the ?02 baseball team. .31 .31 .31 .31 .31

SOCIETY Turning Society. I t "in the fact that nothing has appeared in our columns of late concernÂ in'; the turning society some of our readers will probably infer that it has either become an affair too insignificant to be mentioned or that it has even parsed out of existence. !: has. on the contrary, under the supervision of competent turning masu-rs, been brought into a most flourishing condition. Among the athletes and all students, who take interest in this branch of athletics, is popularity cannot be over estimated As the football season lasted some time longer than usual, regular turning hours were suspended until December. Four divisions were then organized, each division having a special lesson once a week. Messrs. Luetkc, Sauer, Nieghorn, and Zell were appointed as instructors. Although the attendance at the regular turning hours could have been better, a decided improvement in comparison with the preceding Year is manifest. But it is not from this one hour a week that we derive much benefit. It is the private exercising that helps develop our body. And this is indulged in on as Urge a scale as ever before. The installment of three new striking bags, a large mattress, and an exerciser has caused the gymnasium to be visited somewhat oftener than usual. After defrayÂ ing ail the expenses, the financial report of the treasurer was more favorÂ able than could he expected. The enrollment has reached its maximum of one hundred and fifteen members. All important business is transacted in meetings held once every month. The officers elected at the last election ar as follows: Edwin Sauer, president: Wm. Eggert, vice-president: Fred Stern, secretary: Henry Schneider, treasurer.

LOCALS

—Emil Zibell from Waterloo visited his brother Albert March 17. —Hugo Weissbrot from Madison called on friends at the college on March 77, returning March 12. —F. Fischer, '06, went to Milwaukee on March it to visit friends. —Max Christian, Prep., visited his parents in Civilian on March 17. —Adolph Pankow, 09, paid his parents at Waterloo a visit on March 3, returning on the following day. Two of his classmates, G. 11. Sclilei and P. G. Zeisler, accompanied him. —Mr. Okrusch of Stambough, Mich., paid his son Walter, Prep., a visit from March 8 to March 11. —Mr. Burell, field agent of the White View company, called on his friend Alex Zuehlke, A. C. —Rudolph Dudev, Prep., visited his parents at Hartland March 4. —Rev. P. J. Kionka from Kellnersville, Wis., visited his son Edward, Prep., March 19. —Martin Wagner, 08. and Joseph Krubsack, Prep., took part in a birth day party at Lebanon March 25. —William Bieleiiberg, Prep., from New York, visited his father, Mr. A. Bielenberg, who was in Milwaukee March 17. —Herbert Klingbiel, Prep., from Owosso, Mich., went home March 24 t«» prepare himself for his confirmation. —Dr. Wente preached at Richmond Sunday, March 25; Edwin Sauer, 07, accompanied him. —Saturday evening, March 24. the resigning editors of The Black and Red ..were entertained at the Washington House by the members of the new editorial staff. Several toasts were responded to and those on “The Yan kee Girl” and "The Schoolma'am” were received with hearty applause. All present regretted that the time passed so quickly, but they neverthe less declared that they had spent a most enjoyable evening. —A congregation has been organized in Richwood and Dr. Hoermann was ordained there as minister Sunday, April 1. He will have charge of the congregation until it can call its own minister. —Prof. W. Xotz was recently elected member of the Archeological Society of Wisconsin. —Mr. A. C. F. Schulz, father-in-law of Dr. Notz, died at the age of 88 years and was buried March 23. —Dr. A. Hoermann will again visit Europe this summer. He will embark '2(1

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THU BLACK AND RED.

July 2i and lias ordered a berth on the “Bremen" of the North American I Joyd. —Alfred R. Schultz, who is a brother of Arnold Schultz, 02, and well known to older students, has published an article on “Underground Wa ters of Eastern United Slates," edited by the United States Geological Survey.” — Mr. F. Voigt and Mr. C. Steflfenhagen from Merrill, Wis., the father an ’ the grandfather of William Voigt, Prep., visited the latter March 8. — \. Tocpel, Prep., was cordially entertained at the home of his aunt, Mrs. F\ Gamm, Sunday, March 18. II. Kirch nor. Prep., visited his parents. Rev. A. Kirchner and wife, at Lowell, Wis., March 10. Mr. Leslie Boomer of St John’s Military Academy visited his friend F. E. Stern. ’07. March 20. 1 lenry I lopp, ’og, was entertained at the home of his cousin, John Saegcr, on March 18. — Paul Lorenz, ’op of the Lutheran Seminary at Wauwatosa, visited h i ends at the college March 9. Mr. F. Busch, Rome, Wis., visited his nephew, Raymond Hutli, Prep., .March 19. (I. Kickemann, ’08, was heme in Helenville, Wis., on account of business M.uoh 6. lie returned March 12. Arihur Moehus. Prep., of Randolph discontinued his studies 011 account of illness 011 March 3. 1 i . \\ . Mt r ,.f San Francisco, Cal., visited his cousin. Martin Wag ner, 08, March 25. Fdward Beckmann, Prep., discontinued his studies because of illness and returned home 011 March 25. Louis Betn. Prep., who had to discontinue his studies for some time on account of illness, returned March 19. —August Jung of Randolph stopped over at Watertown on his way to Madison <0 visit his friend John Kuck, eg, Feb. 17. —A. Warnecke, Prep.. Then. Gieschen. Prep., and Paul Becker, Prep., made a trip to Ixonia March 4. —A. Schaller. 07. was cordially entertained at the home of his classmate, B. Meyer, March 20. —( >tto Meyer. Prep., discontinued his studies April 7. —Fred Kggtrt, Prep., discontinued his studies for this year on March 3r, as his help is needed at home. __Edward Kohis^c. Prow. returned bonio io Waupaca March 31. He ex pects to take up his studies again in the fall.

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Axis dem SemirveLrleben Herr Hellbusch musste seit etwa drci Wochen das 11 mis liuten. Er wurde namlich von den Pockcn beimgesuebt. Wir crliiclten vor etlicben Tagen die freudige Xacliriclit. dass er bercits wiedcr soweit gencsen ist, so dass er umhergehen kann. Hoffentlicb wird er sicli bald soweit orholcn, dass er nach Ostern seinem Studium wieder obliegen kann. Da Herr Pastor August Stock zu Hartland gesundbeitsbalbcr seinen Scliulunterricht einstellen musste, bat Herr Paul Oehlcrt es ubernommen bis Ostern fur ihn Schule zu lialten. Seit Herr Pastor Harders gcsundsbeitsbalbcr in Arizona wcilt. versieht Herr Eduard Wedekind unter Beihilfe des Herrn Prof. Aug. Pieper den Gottesdienst der Jerusalemgemeinde. Die Mitglieder der Klasse von 05 begingen die Fcicr der Tden de> Marz in ublicber Wcise. Allc Herren sprachcn sicli daliin aus, dass sisicli gut aniiisiert batten. Es wurde bei dicser Gelegenhcit aucli der I lerren gedaebt, denen es niclit vergonnt war, sicli an der Feier zu beteiligen. Xacb einer andertbalbwocbentiicben Erkrankung, kelirte llerr Georg Speerbrecbcr am 28. von seinem Heim in Milwaukee wieder zuriick, 11111 sicli von neuem seinem Studium zu widmen. Wir liabcn dies Jabr etwas langere Osterfericn als sonst. Wir seblies sen am 6. April und fangen am 24. wieder an. Die meistcn Herren werclen sicli nacli Hause begeben. Einige I lerren gedenken bier zu bleiben.

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| CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —Spring! —How-ow? —Baseball! —Pcruna: “Save tbc light.” —Heard in tbe classroom: ,,Er sebwieg ganz stille and spracli.” —Busbel (standing at tbc window): “l am anticipating tbe silence of nature.” —Tuff: “I slept from one end of tbe cburcli to tbe otlicr.” —Prof: ,AYas fiir ein Bitch liabcn Sic da?" Br--m-r: ,.Keins.”

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Prof: „Na, dann ligen Sie cs weg.” —P. II.: “Why does a lady-slipper close up when a fly gets into it?” Z -11: “Because it tickles.” —Fardles (picking up a wing): “Is this the chicken’s car?” —Prof: “What do we call the languages that are so particular about the endings of words?” Sarto: "Dead languages.” —T< it: “In Xcw York it rained all day one night.” — Prof: ..In welchcm Toil Griechenlands liegt Aulis?” Pu - n : ,.lm sudnordlichen Tcil.” — Heard in classroom: „Es waren Zwillinge. Sie waren cinander sehr iihulie'll, besonders der cine.” There have been several suggestions made concerning a name for the thing that is appearing on Shaky’s upper lip. G - - nth - r has suggested “misplaced eyebrows.” What do you think? - IP : “What would you do if the atmosphere were made of jelly?” Zc II: "Hat it.” W - z - - 1: “I am proud of my feet because something noble rests on them.”

—1Y< >f; Puke:

..Was heisst multis annis post?” ,.\ iel Post von Anna.” — IYuf; ..Wann wurden bei den Gricchcn und Rdmern die Lustspielc an fgefuhrl ?” Pupil: ..Am ersten April.” Arum: "lias any one an empty bottle of ink in here?” —Z- 11 (cutting hard bread) : "This bread must be drawing a pension.” --Snooks: "We two decided not to wear those blue caps.” St n: “Well, then, go bald-headed.” — Fardles to 'Puff: "What did you do to your hair?” Kulax: "(Mi, he took a champagne (shampoo).” — Pete: "What shall I eat first, the hole or the doughnut?” — Imagine our shiner II -117. joshing a red-headed Prep, about his hair! — Pointer: "What arc you doing?” Scliuck: "Pm taking physical agriculture.” —To - pi II.: "I want six ekks (eggs), please.” Clerk: "We have 4 X. but not 6.” —G. I..: "1 have invented a poem incubator.” —Z11 - - rl) - - r (being introduced) : *Tm glad I found you out.” —F-t (to Prof.): “Did you sec Ouccn Elizabeth when you were in England ?” —Cornu: "Is Palm Sunday on Tuesday this year?” —Z--1 (to Felix): "You’re so light that you can sail around the Cape of Good Hope on a shingle, without getting your feet wet.”

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THE BLACK AND RED

—Prof: “To deceive the burden of life means that a person forgets that— that----- !> Sp - tz: “That he is living.” —Ei-ky: "The street car is coining in on Fifth street.” Fardles: “Yes, but it is not going any farther north than Main.’ Ei-ky: "Don’t let that bother you, Tuff, the city will grant you a fiftyfoot franchise if you ask for it.” —Prof: "What do you call the science treating about winds?” Jack: “Windology.” —B - rn -m: "1 wish 1 were born rich instead of beautiful.” —In his speech at the editors’ banquet, Guenther expressed his idea of the young American girl as follows: "Soon she reaches the age of spasmodic lacrimatory convulsions. I hard ly docs she give unearthly yells, however, when mother will rush to the scene with everything from Mrs. Winslow’s soothing syrup to Castoria to administer to her wants. But if it be a bov—let him yell till the win dows rattle; it will do him good. But they grow up and go to school. We see them start out on the first morning. She is dressed with all the care that a mother’s love can hestow, and the boy’s equipment? \ nickel straw hat minus the lid, a shirt and a pair of trousers which his mother had bought at the fire sale and whose deficiencies of lateral area are filled out with patches so irregular that one could easily discern all the signs of the zodiac. At school the girl becomes the universal belle and all the young knights in embryo struggle for her favor, while our boy slowly but surely passes into oblivion. The girl passes her eighth grade examination and is admitted to the high school. From now on we poor worms of this terrestrial pancake can no longer approach her. She hovers above us in the etlicral regions of the spheres. ’Tis sai l, how ever, that she sometimes descends and may he seen hovering around our street corners when Phoebus has ducked his face beneath the horizon “and all the world a solemn stillness holds.” For the truth of this 1 can not vouch, however, as 1 have not formed the Themistoclean habit of mak ing nocturnal perambulations after eight o’clock.”

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VO T Have You Seen It? THE NEW

Watertown Daily Leader Has struck a responsive chord in tha haarts of the citizens of Watertown, as 13 best evidenced by the rapidity with which subscriptions are pouring in.

It will ever be tha aim of the WATER.TOWN

PUBLISHING CO. to push fo’ward and continue as tha rec ognized news medium of Jefferson aid Dodge counties. Wine, the Leader will improve with age.

Like Good

It’s publishers believe in

expansion, at least on individual principles and with the co-operation of the citizens, the expansion policy of the Leader will know no bounds.

If you have not already enrolled your name upon the Lead

er’s subscription, do so at once and become a reader of the Morning Loader, the paper that has the c urage of its convictions and the ap preciation of the wishes of the reading public enough to publish all the news without fear or favor or dictations of “Clams. 1 l

Dead The Gaily Leader and Keep Abreast of the Times.

WATERTOWN

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►

Fruits, Staple and Fancy Groceries.

MO matter if it’s Hats, Shirts 1 Collars, Tics or a new Spring Suit you are looking for, you can always find the correct things lure, and a big lot to choose from too Our Second Floor is a great place for men and boys. Conic in—let us show you.

SCHEMPF BROS. CO., The Big Cash Store.

| Only first-class work done. | |

YOU GAN ALWAYS GET TOE NEWEST HERE...

Robert £c?pold

Successor to C. K. HEW WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY AND CONFECTIONARY.

Dealer in MINNESOTA FLOUR 217 North Second Street

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

SEAGER’S

Ilarber Shop ansi Ilatl) Rooms 108 MAIN STREET

All •roods delivered

promptly to

all parts of the city free of charge.

5 Baths for SI.00 J. C. SEAGER, Prop

; ►

College and Class Caps

YOU ALL KNOW TH PLACE

WE KEEP THE

BEST

FRUIT IN TOWN.

RicDardMSetftRemu$lcC?Wish to announce that they have just received a complete supply of strings. We carry all grades and get a new supply every month, tints enabling ns to keep a fresh supply on hand all the time. We make a specialty of special tested strings, which we offer at greatly reduced prices to student.

GAMM’S

R ELIABLE DRUG STORE

Is Next to Postoffice. Everything Pure, Fresh and Up-to-Date.

A LARGE LINE OF CIGARS JSTVnur Patronage Respectfully Solicited.

Are Great Producers of College Loyal I ty and Class Spirit. The best Colleges in the country wear them. Pettlbone makes them. No. Fnsrllsh Eton Cap. of all- wool flannel, colors, eer dozen. $10.50. No J(i7 Same as No. 265. hut made of good Qualltycloth. per Dozen. $13.50. Send for our handsome Catalasue No 317 Il lustrating and describing uniforms. Caps. Oxford Caps and g-wn.s. Pennants, Flags, Class Pins. Cadei Equipments and Novelties. Etc. College necessities and -'un-'rles. Novelty catalogue •■Something for Everybody” free. The Pleasant View Cadets" a College Story. Free.

the Peiribone Bros. mr<|. go. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

For Style. Fit and Economy Leo210Ruesch’s Shoes West SVlain. WEAR

E-*.

Ben Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

Cast end Barb rShop TRY -----

Wicicienhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OUT CIGAR.

Gorder Block. 604 Main Street WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN, g

••

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will he right, too.

The Sclpipf Drug Co. Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals.

F. W KURZWEG DEALER IN

Fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers

1 IS Third street

Jos. Saliek & Son Jewelers ana Opticians

FRED GAMM WATERTOWN, Sole Importers of the Ciiebrated ROXHE MER Rhine Wine

i and 3 Main Street.

WISCONSIN.

Watertown. Wis.

The August Gamm

Grocery and Glassware Go. —Dealers in—

WATERTOWN, WIS.

FIRE INSURANCE

►

hibl.es, song hooks,

CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. •400 Main Street-

Baseball and Sporting Goods

Sewing Machines KotUKs asd Photo Supplies

OTTO HEYN

402 Main Street.

Ul. $ KJ. ana Singer

We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. Phone 532 117 West Mr.in St.

Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eyes Tested Free.

DEALERS IN

►

MANUFACTURE OF

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies

Please Give Us a Trial. We Trv to Give Satisfaction.

KNICK BROS.

Radtke & Son

Ciockery Glassware Lamps •Bar Goods Stone Ware Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

S .Main Street

' Watertown, Wis

Whol sale Wines and Liquors

For the best Photos

“D. J. riitchell” 10 Cent Cigar. |j Semper Idem Clear Havana $ Filler,Genuine Sumatra Wrap| per

“Sea Rose”

; i i

The Sose that all are Prais ing. j

! “Middle West”

;;

The Pride of the Empire” Hie above cigars arc guaranteed t<* !»*• always ns good us to ho a.wavs i; as good as tobacco grow* by J NEUMANN KRUEGER,

GO TO

m UPrigbt’s Ground floor Gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS

■

Manufacturers,

119 N. 2nd St.

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 116 North Second St.

HNBMKWMnn

IU. II. Sproesser Co. jewelers * «

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

<3$ -S5

PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 84-1. WATKKTOWN

213 Main Street. W1S.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS . . . Buchheit Block.

of all kinds in Season. Good tilings to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

FRUITS

116 Main Street. Th me62.

AUG. WIGGENHORN JEWELER 13 Main Street. Students Patronize Our Advertisers.

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

M. J WOODAKD,

President

Vice-President.

F K. WOOnAHI).

Photos

«*

WJI, UUCIUIKIT,

Cashier.

K..T. HKANDT,

2 Vice-President.

BANKOF WHIERIOWfi

...GO TO...

Watertown Photo Co.,

INCORPORATED MAY 1. 1854

DONNER GALLERY Special Rates wade to Students.

DiEGES & GLUST

LOW PRICES

••If we nmde it, it's right” Official Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations.

Excellent Quality and the largest assortment in the city are import ant factors when you buy your Fishing Tac kle, Pocket Knives, Razors, and Razor Strops at

WATCHES, CLASS PINS, FRATERNITY PINS, DIAMONDS, MEDALS. CUPS, Etc.. JEWELRY, NEW YORK

25 JOHN'S ST.

Schlueter Bros'. MERCHANT to CENT CIGAR AND

ARC

LEAD

5C CIGAR

THEM

ALL.

Rim. G. Pritzlaff $ Co.

105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

307 Ma.in Street, Dr. A. J. Schlueter

DR. T. F. SHINNICK Office Hours. 8 to 11 a. n\ 7 to 8 p. rrv.

DENTIST

2 to 6 and

Office 115 M AIN Phone 59-2 313 Main Street Over Gruetzmacher’s Store.

:J Watertown. Wis.

Residence, 208 N. 5th. Phone 138-2.

Clothes of Distinction We’rft sun* we're n**t putting it t*» strong when we say that our kind of Clothes are Clothes (f ••distinction.” The garments are certainly very different from the ordinary Heady t.<» Wear Clothing you meet at every turn.

Our Clothing Has Character It. coinos rrom Hart. Schaffner & Marx the best makers known to the trade. The label of II. s. & M. is a guarantee of not only latest in style, hut strictly all, wool, no merecriz'Ml ci tton. Our handsome Spring Suits, our choice Top Coats cannot he excelled, Piease call and let us show you the latest in Clothing and Haberdashery.

Hertd & Hoffmann

Clothiers and Furnishers 107 Main Street

The Largest Assortmentf

I USE THE STAR SAFETY RAZOR

•Si m '

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes, Sporting Goods To Be Had in the City. Call and See Us.

D. & F. KUSEL GO. DR. E. J. HOERMANN DEfNTIST Office Hours: 8.30 to 12 A. M.—1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

NEW FURNITURE ^ NQWflCK k MLS, _ __ <T>rrO CJCj

106 First Street. Next to City Hall

New Furniiure assumes a special prominence.

If vnu are no* satisfied with your furniture call on Ndwack tS: Kohls, eio Main street where you will see the most comjilete line in the city and the pi ices will surely please, as they will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches, Rockers and Centre Tables, Dining Room Tables. Sideboards, Bed Rm n Sets an I Iron Bedsteads in profusion in all thj prevailing styles.

Undertakers, Embalmers, and Funeral Directors

Any Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective ly when his feet are comfortable. Now we can fit your feet a thousand times better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago—and you’ll save from two to four dollars. Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

606-608 Main St.

Hen’s Furnishing Department A MAN to be well dressed must look carefully to the “little things”— bis hat, shirts, collars, neckwear, hosiery—should be “just right.” You know it cost no more to have these “little things” right than wrong. Buy them here and buy them right.

Wegemann & Weber Phone 823

217 Main. 106 Third St. F'RSTand SECOND FLOOR..

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Che BM and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, May, 1906.

LITERARY

Number 2

Minnehaha Falls. Place i> always an important factor in the description of a story. In tact, ii would he quite impossible to think of an event without connecting it with a place. The reader is sometimes aided by illustrations, often pro fusely scattered throughout the work, to help him get a vivid picture of the place; where there is not this assistance, it is his task to draw one in his mind. In both cases he will, however, not behold it as a scene true to nature, but his fancy will involuntarily give it a tint of romanticism, which is an excellent expedient to captivate his attention. To retain his estima tion of the place, however, the reader should perhaps be advised never to see this place of his own imaginative creation; romaticism pertains more to the inward than to the outward eye. With a certain disappointment does the average tourist retrace his steps from Minnehaha, ay. from Minnehaha, the dream of his youthful imaginations! 11 is curiosity is sated, hut his reverence not deepened. He has. at length, seen what he so longed for, when he read, in his schoolroom, the melodious verses of ‘•Hiawatha,*1 but which he now thinks does not quite comply with reality. The first thought that he will express will, of course, he one on the insufficiency of water. This criticism will slightly oft end the proud Minnesotan, who firmly believes that any remark depreciative of Minnehaha will decry the honor of Mr. Longfellow. The poet speaks of it thus: “In the land of the Dakotahs Where the Palls of Minnehaha Plash and gleam among the oaktrees. Laugh and leap into the valley." Again: “As one sees the Minnehaha (beaming, glancing through the branches, As one hears the Laughing Water Prom behind its screen of branches.1*

34-

TUB BLACK AND KBD.

There is some innate affinity in these words, with the juvenility of Indian diction. Writers have compared this stream with a “mischievous child” but one “whose sins can be forgiven because of its beauty.” Ay, enchanting Min nehaha, how gayly thou prattlcst after thou art liberated from the arms of thv fair mother,'Lake Minnetonka, and as then passest through undulating fields of grain! The frivolity with which thou leapest down so dangerous a depth, the fraudulency with which thou then whirlst over the stones, and the anxiety thou showest to meet with the Father of Waters betray that thou art but a child! But what is the opinion of the Indian, of him who knows all of Na ture's hidden secrets and who can therefore interpret her more truly than we, who are shackled bv the fetters of civilization? In the thundering tlow of Niagara he heard the angry voice of Manitou speaking to him, but in the sound of Minnehaha, as the name suggests, “Laughing Water” In his, therefore, the “loveliest of women” is honored by that name, as the poet solemnly declares: “From the waterfall he named her Minnehaha, Laughing Water.” Let us now turn to the cataract itself, for “pleasant is the voice that calls us.” The most comprehensive view is obtained from a small bridge, which spans the stream about too yards below the cascade, and under which the water violently rushes. The cascade is about 35 feet wide and falls from a height of 60 feet. It does not, as in Niagara, rush over the precipice as a continuous mass of irresistible water, but it seeks its descent In manv closely united channels, the intervals between which are discernible through out the entire width of the cataract. Within a certain space along the !e !go, the eye can follow the individual quantities of water as they pass over the ledge, but below this space the waters assume the form of rapidly movinglittle clouds, uniting with each other more and more as they approach the bottom. The place where the falling waters meet those already on the ground is covered with an everlasting mantle of mist, With a less density it is wafted into the air, and even strikes the face of the spectator as he stands on the bridge. The water on the left half is evidently rather irreg ular but of greater volume, while that on the right is of less quantity but more evenly distributed. The sound is quite loud and spasmodic. When we look for the left cascade, our eyes are attracted bv a minute cascade, distinct from the other. Gravity does not act on it as readily; its waters are transformed into a blurred mist and it is finally lost to our eyes as it descends into the shady depths. The rock on this side is of a greenishblack color and extends for some distance parallel with the stream, while that on the right side is of a red color and its surface more cave-shaped. This reddish color and also the different strata of the rock arc slightly dis cernible as a background of the falls, producing a pleasing effect. *\)ii both

THE BLACK AND RED.

sides of the upper surface of the rock stand huge oak trees and lithe wil lows, gracefully bowing over the falls as if to protect it. The background is one of continuous green. To add to the sublimity of this picture, the morning sun peeps through the clouds, its welcoming smile being reflected cn the surface of the cataract many, many thousands of times. There it stands in perfect magnificence, that incorrupted type of a true Indian idyl. Yea ,it is the face of a child that has just overcome its naughtiness and timidly greets us anew with tear-drained but smiling eyes!

On each side of our bridge there is a stairway, furnished .at intervals with platforms from which the falls mav he viewed. Following the stairs to the right, we reach a park that serves for picnic purposes. Close by there is a menagerie, containing such animals as formerly roamed through the forests of Minnesota as well as animals of foreign countries. Ap proaching the upper part of the stream, we cross another bridge. On this side we notice a spring flowing from out of the bank into the stream. In spite of its minuteness, it is this spring that is frequented more than the m* n pumps in its vicinity. As for the reason for this, we cannot account. W’c conjecture, however, that it is instinct, still prevalent in man on occad. s «i, this kind, which bids him drink Nature’s gift where she yields it of her own accord and not where it is brought forth bv artificial means. A F i t distance from this bridge is an open place of green, on which we be hold the floral characters of "Minnkii.uia, Prims of Minneapolis/* The Minneapolitans, the sons and daughters of Minnehaha, have proved them selves worthy of the place; it is to a large measure they who have, if we may say so, added much to the beauty of the spot. Minnehaha is the place of mirth and gayety. Nature is happy and her children cannot hut be happy amid such surroundings. But also for thee, my earnest wanderer, who fcclest thou ought not abide in the midst of such pleasure, for thee, also, hath bounteous Nature reserved a place. Behold, therefore, yonder cue more unseemly, lonely little cascade; there, in its im mediate neighborhood, thou canst, in all silence, edify thyself: on the transiency of all things earthly, on Sublimity and Infinity. J. E. S.. ’08.

* * * -* The Awakening of the American People. There are probably few who realize that the birth of the twentieth century marks a new epoch in the moral history of America. The goodnatured indifference, which has been the characteristic attitude of the Amer ican people for almost half a century.. has suddenly and unexpectedly awakened to the necessity of a radical reform. The great moneyed cor porations, which have sprung up amongst us, corrupting our legislation.

THli LUvACK AND RliD.

undermining our free institutions, and, in fact, thriving on the very life blood of our people, have been the first to feel the power of this vast move ment, and, filled with dismay and terror, they shrink from its deadly onslaught. These great corporations, whose yearly revenues exceed those of our national government, and the existence of which has long been a menace to our freedom, have found their corrupt methods suddenly exposed to the public gaze and themselves confronted with the wrath of an aroused people. Great champions have stepped forth from the ranks of the people and have fearlessly lent themselves to the arduous task of bringing these public crimi nals to justice. Folk in Missouri, Dcneen in Illinois, and Jerome in Xew York have won a lasting place in the hearts of the people by their fearless opposition to graft and corruption. Philadelphia, now as of yore dear to all American patriots as the birthplace of our freedom, has finally succeeded in freeing itself from a state of political putrefaction such as has perhaps never been paralleled in the annals of American history. This spirit of reform has taken possession of every phase of cur national life. Not only state and city government, but the federal government as well, with its thousands upon thousands of employees, are casting off the corrupt inllli enees which have so long threatened their very existence. Journalism has with few exceptions espoused the cause of decency; in fact, it is the great and fearless papers which have in a large measure been instrumental in bringing about this momentous movement. If this awakening accom plishes its end, and there is every evidence that this will be the case. Amen can life, social and political, will assume a new aspect, and the ship of state, having weathered all the storms of a wild and treacherous sea, will sail tri umphantly into the harbor undaunted bv the challenge of the ravine tempests. E. M.. 'on. •j»

How do Animals Differ from Plants? vlj|f If we examine the bright bow of Iris in the heavens when the storm Vj&ouds are blowing away, no matter how closely we scan it we are not able *R) determine where a color begins or where it ends, Hut not only in tlv rainbow, one of the noblest works of Nature, is a blending of various colors visible, but in countless other forms of Nature also. Most strikingly do we find this to be the case with animals and plants. At first sight, the assertion that a definite dividing line between animals and plants cannot be distinguished seems indeed absurd; that even the most experienced botanist and zoologist is oftimes in a quandary to know whether to classify the object as an animal or a plant is, however, a fact. That the tulip is a plant no one will doubt; that the gay humming-bird coyly fixing

TUB BLACK AND KB I).

about is an animal remains unquestionable. But to determine the nature of that peculiar organism we find in the damp moss is by no means such an easy task. It is a slimy mass: and although no feet are visible, it is able to move in every direction. As these slime-fungi are during a part of their existence distinctively plants and propagate by spores the botanists have at last conceded to accept them into their realm. How frequently does Nature thus baffle the attempts at accurate definitions and distinctions, even in fields that seemingly lie so far apart as botany and zoology. From days gone by until now attempts have been made to find some features characteristic of animals and plants. But all criteria were found to be faulty, and were soon abandoned. 'I'he most apparent characteristic of animal life appeared to be the jlower of locomotion. But when the scope of knowledge of our botanists was enlarged, even that distinction could no longer be upheld. For it was discovered that many of the lower animals, such as hydroids and sponges, as well as some highly organized animals like the tunicates and oysters, were entirely lacking in this power of free movement, at least in some stage ni' their existence. ' illy in the slime fungi have we thus far noticed the power of locomoi n. Perfectlv free and unrestrained motion would, of course, in this "ealm he sought for in vain, but the power of moving some of their parts '•SC 'Sed by many plants. The Minosa will fold her leaflets in response : • il < slightest touch: darkness or cold produces the same effect. The .V art ha f the South will, on the approach of an insect, suddenly eject its n.Ten. an* then close the entrance of the flower, refusing the insect adUli: si

( ri,finally an animal was distinguished from a plant in that "Plantae vivunt, animalia vivunt et sentiunt.*' During recent years, however, botan ists have succeeded in finding definite organs of sense in the higher flowering plants. Here, of course, only the purely physiological side of sensation is dealt with, the psychical side not being taken into consideration. Plants supposed to be actually thus endowed with sensation are the Sundew, Venus’ Fly-trap and Mimosa. As one result of this, they are also possessed of an other faculty usually attributed to animals only: not content with the nour ishment offered by the soil and the atmosphere, they indulge in food which in reality is not in conformity with their nature. For this purpose they arc provided with organs expressly for the purpose, enabling them to catch the most nimble insect with ease. This is well exemplified by the Sundew. On the edge of its nearly circular leaves, strong bristles project. The surface of the leaves is covered with small glands, on either side of which three long hairs protrude. When a fly or any other insect carelessly alights on the leaf, and perchance comes in contact with one of these hairs, the bristles interlace and the unhappy insect finds itself caught in what is now the di gestive cavity of what apparently was a harmless plant. (>ften the capture

■

TUB BLACK AND RB1>.

is performed in less than ten seconds, After the leaf is perfectly closed, a large quantity of acid-slime is discharged, and then the in. ect is gradually absorbed. When, after a lapse of eight or nine days, the leaf reopens, no trace of the insect can be discovered, But the curious function of these tcnacles, or hairs, is that they are able to gauge the quality of the object with which they come in contact. If raindrops fall upon them, they are un responsive. If a piece of wood and a piece of beefsteak of equal weight he placed upon two separate leaves simultaneously, both will begin It) close. In the case of the beefsteak, the leaf will remain closed until this fibrous matter is absorbed; in case of the wood, the leaf closes somewhat dubiously, and before three or four hours have elapsed it reopens. Thus it acts when any non-edible substance is placed upon it; the leaf discovers its mistake, and the digestive juice is not discharged. The above certainly tends to show that plants are not only sensitive to contact and have special sense organs, but are able to transmit a stimulus from one part of their structure to another. As well it is supposed that this stimulus travels by the con tinuity of protoplasm, and that the complete inner structure of the plant is the nervous system. In the light of these facts, plants being looked upon as sentient organisms and capable of experiencing sensations, the truth of the statement that “Plantae vivunt, animalia vivunt et rentiunt” must he doubted. The contrast in general form and structure alTords us another super ficial and easily recognizable distinction between animals and plants, 'i'he animal has a complicated mass of. viscera, inclosed in a definitely limited body, while in a plant the physiological equivalents of these, the nutritive and respiratory organs, are distributed in areas of considerable extent over the diffused and indefinite outer surface of the body. The plant ha* the absorbent surfaces of these on the outside while in an animal they are in tcrnal: since the lungs and stomach in an animal have precisely the same function as the leaves and roots in a plant. Nearly all higher animals pos sess a mouth-opening through which a solid as well as a liquid food may pass into the digestive cavity. In a plant this opening, with the compli cated system of internal organs characteristic of an animal, is entirely want mg. But even this distinction cannot be made the basis of absolute definition. ln an adult frog the skin, as it readily admits the interchange of gases when moistened, aids in aerating the blood. In those aquatic animals whose bodies are covered by impervious shells, respiration mav take place over the whole surface of the body. In many of the lower orders of ani mals the respiratory organs are, as in plants, entirely lacking. Conse quently the animal nature of the coral polyp and some hvdroids, "which also grow very plant-like, was for a long time disputed. The difference in the process of respiration in animals and plants re quires little more than to be mentioned. While in a vital state, animals absorb oxygen and exhale carbonic acid gas. On the contrary the green

THE BLACK AND RED.

plants absorb this carbonic acid, which is separated by the chlorophyll, and in return give the animal oxygen. This difference is made use of in the aquarium. Enough green plants are placed in the water to absorb the carÂ bonic acid given off by the animals, and to supply oxygen for their respiraÂ tion. But this great difference cannot be made the basis of distinction; for many of the colorless plants are. like animals, able to absorb oxygen and give off carbonic acid gas. Green plants, not exposed to light, act similarly. These, briefly stated, arc some of the most important characteristics < > f animals and plants as manifested mainly in the higher representatives of the groups: the reader can himself easily infer that none of them furnish a basis for the absolute separation of animals and plants. The hard line of demarcation once existing between animals and plants is now broken down. W e have not only seen many characteristics common to animals and plants, but also others met with only in the higher animals, and some not confined to animals but also shared by some plants. The fact that there is no arbitrary line between groups of natural objects such as animals and plants does not prove that the groups themselves have a real existence; these differences are real: yet although each group may be defined, no definition can embrace all the forms of the same group, and still less can it exclude all the forms of the other. S. P., 09.

the Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

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BUSINESS MANAGER ASST. BUSINESS MANAGER

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Al! Contributions to the Literary Department are roiucste.l from aUtm.it an I tin lorgr.t iu *:. literary matter should he addressed to the Editor-iii-Chief an 1 all business column.licat! .n • i tbo Business Manager. The terms of subscription are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, i.- .cuts. Stampsnot accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your a idressebaage 1 >r y mr paper >liuueii. The Black and Red is forwarded to all subscribers"umil order for its discontinuation is re< 1 1 ■• ! and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at tbePostolhce of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

The Choice of “What books shall 1 read?" llow often we hear this question asked! And a pertinent question it is, indeed, Bsohs. when we consider that books are appearing on the market at the rate of twenty-five thousand per annum, while the average reader can hardly hope to read more than fifteen hundred during his whole life. lo set up a definite rule in response to the above question that could cover all the ground, is absolutely impossible if we take into consideration the disparities of individual tastes and needs. Nevertheless, it is possible, with a few suggestions which will apply in general, to sift the quantity of books fit for reading down to such a number that even the most inexperi enced will have no difficulty in selecting. First of all, the prospective reader should know why he wants to read; in other words, he should have in view a distinct purpose, for “everv book 40

THE BLACK

ANDREI).

that we take up without a purpose is an opportunity lost of taking up a hook with a purpose.” If lie he conscious of this fact he is qualified to choose his hooks, which he should choose as he would his friends, carefully avoiding those of whose integrity or usefulness he is not certain. To these belong the hooks of the hour. When we say books, we mean of course such as have at least an apparent literary value, thus excluding dime novels and other blood-and-tlumder publications whose utter worthlessness de prives them of any claim for recognition. Emerson says we should read no book before it be a year old. If we revise this rule to meet present conditions, the wording will lie, "Read no book before it is five years old.” If at the end of this period it still numbers the socially enlightened among its readers, it is at any rate worthy of consideration. Yet the line can be drawn still closer by the application of Emerson's other rule advising us ‘‘•.a ver to read any but famed books.” This may be diminishing the boun daries too much for many an enthusiastic reader with literary ambitions, who is "tired of the ‘old timers’ who are so difficult to understand, yet of whom every illiterate rustic appears to know something.” He wishes to read some new authors with whom everybody is not yet familiar. The vvn objections raised are reasons why we should read the masters. “The honk to read is not the (me that thinks for you, but the one that makes you think." As a matter of fact, we do not meet with any pronounced difficulties in reading the classics until we try to drain them of the beauties therein. \nd any work that is so shallow as not to offer these difficulties, is worthless. Eurthermorc. the fact that the names of the masters have bee. .me household words is but another inducement to read them. If a ho; k has w ithstood all criticisms for scores, aye for hundreds of years, and we have not read it we should do so before others discover the fact and chide our indifference and ignorance. * .ft .* .i

Every person who has had a thorough education is ex Why Should We pected to have practised on some musical instrument of Study Music? higher order and to know something about the most eminent composers of music and their works. A student who graduates from our institution has the right to lay claim to a good education and should therefore see to it that he is not totally ignorant in matters pertain ing to music. The two instruments which rank next to the human voice in power of expression and are most widely in use are the violin and piano. Of these two the piano is for us the more preferable. One must be quite an advanced

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TUB BLACK AND KLL.

violinist before he can derive very great pleasure or benefit out of bis play ing, while in two or three years he can learn to play the piano quite well. Now who could have a better chance of becoming a pianist or a violinist than we? Five pianos are within a few steps of our living rooms and for a small price we can practice an hour every day on one of them. Good violins can be bought for a small sum. Down town there arc two very able music teachers who are always very accommodating to students. Nearly all of us intend to become ministers, and, as very many ministers must teach school, it will be very advantageous for them if they can play the violin or the piano. Some ministers are even obliged to play the organ in church, and, if they have learned to play the piano, the manipulation of the organ will not be very difficult for them. For those who begin to practice violin while they are in the lower classes there are bright prospccu of becoming members of the orchestra; for if they have but some musical talent, a few years of diligent practice will surely advance them so far that they can join. That many students are taking quite a great interest in music can be seen from the fact that nearly all pianos are in use during the ’“free" hours and that two new pianos had to be bought this winter. But there are still a number of us who do not play. Those among them who can afford the extra expense should not wait any longer, but take up the stud;, of either of the two instruments. Anybody walking through the corridors will notice that many are also practising violin and their number is increas ing. You that do not as yet play either instrument, ask some of the older players whether one can spend his hours u. leisure with greater pleasure than by studying the soulful harmonies in the compositions of the masters of music. Then, too, how can one enjoy the concerts which are given at different intervals, if lie can't understand the music which is played? The fact that so many talk or make noise while classical music is played goes to show that they lack greatly in education. Finally, everyone of us enjoys listening to music which he can understand. Now, why be so de pendent on others if you can give yourself the same pleasure at the cost of a little time and work? If there should be one among us who scoffs and laughs at music, let him hear what Shakespeare says in the matter:

'‘The man who has no music in himself Nor is not moved by concord of sweet sounds, Ts fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils; The motions of bis spirit arc dull as night And his affections dark as Erebus: Let no such man be trusted.”

TUB BLACK AND RED.

A Brief History ofSincc there are usually quite a number of violinists at the Violin and colleges, we thought that probably some would be insome of its Makersterested in the history of the queen of all musical instru ments and therefore shall endeavor to give a sketch of its origin, of some of its best makers, and also a few of the best performers on it. Just at what time or where the violin originated and assumed its present form is not exactly known; but in a stained glass window in Peterborough cathedral, which is of the 12th century, there is a figure playing upon a violin in form much like our modern instrument with the exception that it has four sound holes instead of two; these sound holes arc also not on the side of the bridge but at either end. The earliest maker of the modern violin whose instruments are well authenticated is Caspar di Salo, an Italian, who worked between 1560 and 1612. It is said that another Italian violin maker. Caspar DuilYoprugcar, who lived before Salo, made violins of modern form, bul this cannot he proved. Another great maker of this time is Maggini. about 1500 to 1L40. I lis instruments still hold a place in the first rank. Put before long these men were eclipsed by a number of makers of the little !<>wn of Cremona, of uhem the Amati family were the leaders and for genereiions the best. Other great makers were also Stradivarius and Andrea t iu.wuari, both pupils of Amati. The nephew of the latter, Joseph Guaruari del |vs 11. born June 8. 1683. excelled them all. Me was born with a genius fm* violin making. I lis instruments, as far as workmanship is concerned, were rarely very fine, but the tone was of such breadth, richness and a pecu liarly penerating human quality that up to this time it has not been equalled. A line specimen of his work in good condition is at present worth from two to three thousand dollars. A very celebrate!! maker was also Jacob Stainer of Alison, Tyrol. p; 'Phe first great violin player of whom we know was Arcangelo Corelly in the latter part of the seventeenth century: he was also the first eminent com poser for his instrument. Contemporary with him was Schnittelbach, of Luebek, who left a great reputation. Then followed a large number of great artists such as 1'altasau, Matteis, and Tartini, the climax being finally the great Paganini ( 1784 to 1840). the father of our modern virtuoso style. An other great violinist was Ole Bull. At present Kubelik creates quite an excitement through his wonderful technique. !»

Of all the bad habits that may be acquired by a student at a college or university, that of laziness is the most pernicious to the young man’s moralitv and to his chances of success in life after graduation. Laziness is harmful to a student morally because it leaves his mind unoccupied, and the result is obvious, for an Laziness.

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idle brain is the devil's work? hop. 1 be student who is too laz\ and has not the will power to bind himself to bis work at college invariably regiets it when he settles down to business and begins to earn bis own living, for it is then that he discovers the use to which be might have put the knowledge that he did not gain while wasting bis time at school, Then in order to learn what he cast away as a student, be must spend many a precious hour in the hardest of labor, bitterly regretting bis early folly, which was lazi ness pure and simple. Laziness is a habit, which, like a debt, is easily contracted, but is only gotten rid of by conscientious work and by perseverance, and also like a debt, the habit of laziness is most easily escaped by never allowing one's self to fall into it at all. Begin on the first day of the semester to prepare yourself thoroughly for each recitation and continue doing so every day until the last. 'I'bis daily preparation will soon become as much a habit as laziness can ever be aiid, moreover, a decidedly more laudable one. Do your work faithfully each day and in after life, whether in business or in the pulpit, you will never have reason to regret the work you did and the manner in which you spent vour lime at college. To succeed in life, work hard and let your motto be: “ora et lahora!"

Till- it LAC K ANl»

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Few housewives who go shopping of an afternoon are Food Adultaraiionaware of the'fact that hearly one-half of the food sup plies they buy is adulterated. R. Brooks, former stale chemist of New Jersey, writes in the Review of Reviews that the nation has “a food supply of a value of $900,000,000 per year in an adulterated condition." Think of the money you are paying for absolutely valueless food. Dr. Abbott, of Massachusetts, estimated that the annual economic loss from food adulteration is $300,000,000. The most common adulterations are the sale of oleomargarine for but ter and of watered milk, although they have been restricted somewhat In law. Air. Brooks states that about 58 per cent, of the butter and 31 per cent, of the milk are adulterated. ()nly 63 per cent, of the tea, 56 per cent, of the honey, 12 per cent, of the lemon extracts and no per cent, of the vanilla extracts sold in this country represent the articles they are sold for. Common substitutes for pure food are ground corn in coffee, ground nutshells in spices, glucose in maple syrup and honey, dilute acetic acid in vinegar. The Eastern states arc beginning to protect their people against food adulteration by law with some success. Massachusetts has reduced the percentage of food adulteration from 57 to 26 in about twenty years.

ALUMNI Collegezeitungen vor Dreissig Jahren, (Schluss.) Die Rcdaktionen dor versebiedenen Collegezcitungen damaliger Zeit konnten weder iiber einen Ceberfluss an Abonnenten iiocli an Einkominen klagen ; denn bui Weitem niclit allc Studenten liiclten die Blatter (obwohl sie von den moisten gelesen warden) and das Abonnement betrug nnr zebu Cents das Jahr. war eben das kupferne Zeitalter dcs Collegcjournalismus. Und <locb grassierte gcrade in dieser Zeit cine wabre Zeitungsepidemie in unsereni College, Ercilicb, nianebe von diesen Blattern waren nur Eintagslliegcn. Da gab es beispielweise ini Jabre 1874 ,,den Studenten,“ „den Ho und die lie Angelos." wclche beflissen waren sicli den Rang abzulaufcn. I ’ml a Is I’ersillage der beiden Ictztcrcn ersebien zum Gaudium dcr Sun leu t(;! ..das To Angelos," cin Blattcben in Briefbogcn format," das aber niclit iiber die zweite Xuminer binauskam. In dm ja.bren 1877 und 0878 gab unler Anderem der russiseb-turkisebe i\ id eg den Collegezcitungen Gelcgenbcit, sicli Lorbeeren zu erwerben, nbw-'bl wir uns niclit crinnern. dass sie einen Correspondenten oder Arlisten :a.if den Kriegsscbauplatz gesandt baben. Sogar in Versen, liiit farbigen ! didern illuslriert, warden die Scbicksale der beiden Hecre den Eesern v • •> g'l'ubrl. Ein Vers liaftet uns nocb ini Gedacbtnis: er Iautet: Die Russen raueben Cnger: I lei den Tiirken pfeift der Hunger. Xeben deni Worte Cnger, das man vergeblieb in irgend eincm Lex icon suelten wink stand ein Slerncben, und unten am Ramie die Bemerkimg: Cnger. russicb fur Tabak. Der Dicbtcr wusste sicli jcdenfalls zu lielfen. Es ist jammerscbadc. dass der leidige Geldpunkt es deni Black and Red unmbglicb maclit, seine Artikel zu illustrieren, denn vor dreissig Jaliren baben niclit zum Wenigsten die Illustrationen und Caricaturen den Blattern Zugkraft verlicben. Das Titelblatt der letzten Xuminer unserer jelzigen Collegezeitung beweist ja, class es an kiinstleriscber Begabung miter den beutigen Studenten niclit fell It. Es ist in ciner friiberen Xuminer dieses Blattes bereits erwabnt worden, dass aucli die Collegevercine Vereinsbliittcr herausgaben. Die literariseben Ycreine wa.blten slets einen Editor, (lessen Aufgabe es war, neben selbst Gcschricbeneni aucli die von den Mitgliedcrn gelieferten Artikel in ein Heft einzutragen und das Gescbriebene claim in den V'ersammlungcn vorzulesen. Der fiinfte Band einer solchen Zeitung liegt nun vor uns. Sic 45

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TUB BLACK AND. KICK

ist in englischer Sprachc geschrieben und tragt den X’amen: Hie Review. Herrschte schon in den fur die gauze Studentcnschaft berechnelen Collegezeitungen damaliger Zcit ein ansserst freier Ton, so wurde derselbe docli von den Ycreinbiattern, die nur den Vcreinglicdern zu Obrcn kamen, nocb bei Weitem iibertroffen. In den darin vorkommenden Artikeln, wenn sie niebt „zufallig“ einmal einen ernsten Gegenstand bebandelten, Hessen sicb die Scbreiber einfach geben und nalunen die vollkommcnenste Licenz stiulentiseber Redeweise fur sicb in Ansprucb. Da musste manches Ycrcin mitglied, und aucli snnst maneber Binder Studio, berbalten zur Unterbaltung des Yercins: und die cngliscbe Spracbe musste unter dcr Feder der iibcrmiitigen Jugcnd manebe gymnastisebe Uebung verriebten. Alan merkt es den Artikeln an, dass die Scbreiber die Anweisung des Editor's wortlich befolgten. welcber in eincr Aufforderung an die Mitgliedcr, reebt fleissig fiir das Hiatt zu schrciben. sagt: The inspiration «>f tbc moment ought to decorate our pages, not tbe smoke of tbe nigbl lamp. When tbe moment comes that Apollo's gas influences you, sil down w her ever you are. paper it, and give it to tbe Editor written legibly. Das Gauze maebt den Eindruck vines Sclnvankcs in unzabligen Auftrilten. in welcbem pompose Reden und Phrasen, witzige Eintiille, beissende Satire und lustige Stropben einander jagen. Die 1 lauptpersonen, die zum !'<*il in die unmoglicbsten Situationen gezwangt werden, sind Rbvtbmus Sin.-mi, Jim, Scpiire Xo. 1, Squire Xo. 2, Prof. 1 mmerdorsebt, Goffrit. lion. James Easterbrook, Plato und sogar Air. und Airs. Jupiter und Polly llynmi i. Wir seben davon ab, aus den langcrcn Ergiissen l’rucbslucke hiv-r anzufiibrcn, weil die Auswabl uns zu scliwer fiillt. Xur einige poeli N A’ersucbc mogen, weil wir sie vollstandig geben konnesi, bier IMalz linden. Die Alumnen, die unis Jabr 1880 auf unserer Anstalt waren. werden h>lgenden Hieb auf cine unbeliebte Persdnlicbkeit versteben kdnnen: A MODKRN TAILOR.

This patch from Oxford for to seat these pants is quite in place, I see. Take out this solid German homespun cloth and mend them fancilv. This knee I'll patch, t'be sure, with Cambridge weed: 'Tis just the stuff in place. Out with tbe solid German handiwork! 'Twill need a gaudier base. From Yale and Harvard let tbe rest be made: retain no German sign. And then according to tbe latest mode, with my inventions line. So spake the tailor, and bis work was done. Its strength be tried to show. And pulling at tbe ends asunder tore so promising a sew. —Bonifacius Knullus. FOR

AUTOGRAPH.

Friend! You know in meeting-houses Long ago tbe Friends or Quakers Oftentimes employed a waker

TUB BLACK

AND KED.

With a switch or wand to stir up Napping deacons, youngsters, lasses, Whom the sermon’s cold monot'nv Swept off into Fairyland. Likewise folks employ a waker Lung forgotten school-day friendships To recall, and friends long sunken Back in dark oblivion. Hoping after years before us ''i ou will need no book to aid you in remembering me with kindness Formally ! sign my name. —B. Knullus. llierniit wollen wir abhrechen und den alien Collegeblattern, was tins h.triiit wenigstens, Gclegcnheit geben, es sich wieder tinier dem Staubc eiiier neueren, und wir hoffen, hesseren Zeit becjuem zu machen. Dem Black and Red aber: I’iral, Unreal. crcscal! —W. If. ’81. •2

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Personal Notes. R’i loif Wiese, who for some lime attended our institution and later en ured the l Diversity of Wisconsin, taking the pharmacy course, has for a number of years been engaged as chemist and is also conducting a drug store at 501 North Avenue, Milwaukee. - -'ih'- , ’ of iS;-f> is especially well represented in the pedagogical pro fession by (>. Fclland, who is a member of the faculty of the St. Olaf’s College at Xorthfield. Minnesota. His stay at Xorthlield extends over a number of years. —F.vcn though the administration of the city of .Milwaukee has passed from one political party to another, nevertheless the commission of public health remains under the supervision of a former student of North western. The responsibility of the office of health commissioner has this time been placed on the shoulders of Gerhard A. Hading. We are but echoing the predictions of the citizens of the metropolis in saying that an energetic campaign will be waged against disease. The dismissal of various superfluous “inspectors” from the garbage service indicates that up-to-date economic business methods will be employed. —Julius (ieweeke, a former student, is practicing law at Chicago. He is also a member of the board of trustees of our college.

TUB BLACK AND KBP. Al\jmni=SacKe.

Dei* Alumniverein versammelt sieh am Tage ties Aktus (cl. 19. Juni) uni 2:3o in in der Aula. Am Abend findet in der Aula urn 8 Uhr cin sogenanntcr “smoker’ John P. Koehler, statt. Pras. -j» * * -*

Our Corvtemporaries

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The Black and Red is the name that appears in large, plain letters on every issue of our magazine. Nevertheless a large number of exchanges reach us every month having the words interchanged on the address, This has been a source of annoyance to us, for. while being insignificant in itseli. •it leads us to believe that the same jugglery is practiced in the exchange columns. In one of these exchanges, for instance, two Red and Blacks received criticisms, one of which was undoubtedly meant for us, but whi« h one. If we arc criticised, we wish to know it that we may profit thereby. When we assumed our duties as editor of this department, it was our earnest resolve to treat all dissensions in which any of our exchanges might become involved with silent indifference. Yet so vehement have a number become in their denunciation of each other’s champions, that we feel justified in venturing a few remarks pertaining thereto. At the Abbey Sin but (February number), in particular, we would direct the question. ''Must politeness, must civility in general be sacrificed in argument? Are you at such a loss to find presentable arguments that you must resort to the tactics of the country newspaper by engaging in the inglorious occupation of mudslinging?" Judging from the general merit of your paper, we conclude .that it finds its way to a large number of institutions representing various denominations, and if such be the case you should use greater discretion in the selection of your arguments. On the whole, we consider it gross ex travagance to devote space to long-winded controversies, which, while never being settled to the positive satisfaction of any one concerned, serve only to arouse the impatience and disgust of the uninterested reader. The Yellow Dragon (China) contains a detailed report on the results of its Prize Day, which accounts for the total absence of literary matter. The exchange column differs from every one we have thus far seen. Each exchange is mentioned, each one with generally an admonition or a hit of praise attached. 7he Erskinian (Due West, S. C.) evidently has the proper conception of a literary department. It contains no stereotyped fishing stories, no epi-

TUB BLACK

AND RED.

socles of belated picnic parties, but articles with an intrinsic literary value, articles that not only entertain, but offer subjects for contemplation as well. Search as we would, we were unable to find even a trace of an exchange column in The Moccasin (Lake Geneva, Wis.). Does the editor consider his position a sinecure or his exchanges not worthy of mention? “A Rail road Incident" is a shallow production without a redeeming feature. “The Matchmaker,” however, beginning in this issue, bids fair to be an improve ment over the usual, tame, affaire, d'amour selections. The bits of sound advice offered by the uncle to Jack may well be observed by any one fallen a victim to the frivolous pranks of Cupid. Read “One and One are One" in the April number of The Exponent ( Bozeman. Montana). You will not regret it. The article is wri.tten in a clear, forcible style and not for a moment is our interest allowed to diminish until the last sentence is read. The exchange editor of So-To-Spcak (Manitowoc, Wis.) says of a certain exchange that it “contains much wit and that is what we want.” W e beg to differ on this point. A college or high school paper that merely amuses its readers utterly fails to attain its end. The diminutive editorial column of the Spectator (Columbus. O.) is completely overshadowed by the creditable literary department preceding it. The article “Joseph, the Incorruptible Young Man," is well worth the time "pent in its perusal. Joseph of the Scriptures is held up as one of the world's greatest men, as a conqueror, not of nations but of temptations which threatened his downfall at the critical periods of his life. ITis weapon oi" defense was not mere resolve to remain virtuous in all his wavs, for rest»lve alone is without foundation, but fear of God. "True religion fur nishes the only sure foundation of character, and the only safeguard against temptation. " Where there is a Will there is a Way" is short and to the point. After stating in definite terms what the maxim implies, the writer shows the result of observing it in class-work. Some students manage without much effort, though by what means need not be mentioned, always to have good lessons while others that have prepared diligently arc less suc cessful. The result is seen in later life. The latter, who have worked with a will, meet with success, while the former, who believed they were only deceiving the professors, find to their regret that they have harmed them selves. ()ne of the first selections to draw our attention in the March number of the Doanc Owl ( Crete, Xebr.) was the poem “To the Owl,” which the writer, a retiring editor, uses as a medium for bidding farewell. Though the poem was undoubtedly suggested by Poes “Raven," tlie writer has ably succeeded in maintaining originality of thought as well as of form. The style in which the article on “Schiller's Play, The Robbers,” is written leaves the impression of being unwieldy. The indiscriminate mingling of the past and historical present tenses in the same sentence is even rhetoric

TUB BLACK AND Kill).

ally wrong- That eighty robbers should be able to dispatch eighty out of three hundred soldiers is no impossibility, and in our opinion the writer is not justified in assuming that Schiller was guilty of reading blood-andthunder literature. The German quotations were so sadly mutilated that we were compelled to consult the original to decipher them. -All other departments in the paper are for the interest of our own students, and it seems only fair that our exchange column he given up to correspondence with the exchanges, leaving other articles of interest to other departments,” says the ex. editor of The Owl, evidently rc I erring to the custom of some editors of filling their exchange columns with a series of antiquated jokes. Time and again have we heard similar protests, hut it seems as if a peculiar spirit of conservatism prevents the afllicted ones from making any change. ■9 9 f .9 .9

ATHLETICS

0 I

NOTRE DAME 16, N. \Y. U. o. The Notre Dame game scheduled for Tuesday, May 1. was p>sn•■«*nod until Saturday, May 5, on account of rain. To the surprise of all spectators, and we dare say of the Notre Dame boys themselves, the Northwestern nine was defeated by a score of >•> t > n. This defeat is probably not altogether due to the lack of a good pitcher. To do him justice, Motzkus pitched good ball considering the fact that thi- is his first college game. Many of Notre Dame’s scores were due to cosily errors. Nevertheless several remarkable plays showed us that Northwest ern, although defeated, did not altogether lose its proficiencv in baseball. The first inning opened with two bases on balls for Notre Dame. An error by the center fielder filled the bases. The first score was brought in by a single. A two-base hit by Stopper and another base on balls increased the score by three. Two more runs were scored on a wild throw. Woyahn opened Northwestern's batting by a single, stole second, and reached third on a wild throw, where he was put out. Neighorn reached second. Chances to score seemed favorable, but the next two men failed to reach first base. Notre Dame scored three runs in the third inning and one in the eighth. Wendland made a clean two-base hit in the eighth, but again Northwestern failed to score. The ninth inning brought six more scores for Notre Dame. The lineup follows:

TUB BLACK AND RED.

L?. of X. 1). A. 11. R. II. I'.O. A. E. X. \V. U. A. II. R. II. I'.O. A. E. Uonnain, rf.... 4 4 1 1 o oWoyahn, 2b................40242 1 Menemy. 2b... 5 2 1 2 1 1 Nieghorn, If... 4 o o 3 o o Farabaugh, If.. 6 2 3 1 10 Luetke, cf.... 4 0 1 0 0 2 Murray, c........ 5 1 3 8 2 o YVendland, c.. 402924 Stopper, ib.... 6 1 1 9 o 1 Kowalke, ib. . 3 0 0 8 1 I Brogan, 3b.... 4 1 1 4 3 o Diehl, 3b........... 4 o o 2 1 1 o o Sheehan, cf.... 4 2 1 o o r I’ankow, rf.... 4 o o 300092 Shea, ss i 2 1 Motzkus, p 5 1 'TGormon, p... 4 2 1 1 6 2 Zeisler, ss......... 4 o o o 5 2 Totals ......... 43 1 C\ 13 27 15 6 34 o 5 27 20 13 Totals Two base bits—YVendland, Stopper. Stolen bases—Murray 3, Bon nam 2. Weir Hand 2, Woyahn 2. I ’ankow, Stopper, Brogan, Shea. Base on ball-—Off Motzkus 6, oft" O'Gorman 1. Struck out—By Motzkus 6, by < )'Gonnan 6. Gmpire—Kumin. X« rtlnvestern second team easily defeated the Columbus High School on May 5. by a score of 15 to 6. Columbus will probably give the second team a return game. * * * -* -*

SOCIETY The Philom».thia.n Debating Society.

\\\ are glad to be able to announce that the members of our society have taken especial interest in their work during the last few months. The society now has an enrollment, of thirty members. Flection of officers was held in the first meeting in February with the following result: W. G. Haase, president: Wm. Eggert. vice-president; Henry J. Diehl, secretary and treasurer. Six members of the society debate at each meeting and they choose their own subject. In addition to this several declamations and readings are rendered at each meeting. In the last meeting blit one the subject for debate was—Resolved, that co-education is desirable. The nega tive side was declared winner by a unanimous vote of the judges. In the last meeting the subject was—Resolved, that a hypocrite is more despicable than a liar. The positive side was defended by.Messrs. Motzkus, Adolph von Rohr and Theodore Albrecht: the negative side by Messrs. Hass, Bracrmer, and Haase. The positive side was awarded the decision. f 4 4 4 4

The Lyceum Debating Society.

Thanks to the efforts of a number of members of the Philomathean Debating Society, who saw that the best results in literary work could not

TUB BLACK AND KHD.

be obtained without some rivalry, the Lyceum was organized. Mr. Wm. Egbert, the vice-president of that society, was appointed to solicit names for a new organization, and mainly through his efforts the Lyceum was called into life. Our society now has an enrollment of twenty-eight mem bers and we are proud to state that all take an active part in the work set before them. Debating, which has always been rather neglected in former societies, has been taken up as a matter of necessity. In each meeting a debate is held in which four members of the society participate. A j<»int debate will be held with the Philomathcan Debating Society shortly after Easter vacation. Mr. Eggert was persuaded to stay with us and was elected president. The other officers are: Max llcnsel. vice-president; Henry Schneider, secretary and treasurer. .31 ■* * *

LOCALS

—In order to be able to lie present at the wedding of bis friend, Mr. 1 i. I. Frey, who is a graduate of the Dr. M. L. College at New l'lm and teacher of the parochial school at lfadar. Xeb„ Paul Horn, MS. began his Easter vacation earlier, leaving Watertown April 2. —Miss Emma Nikolaus of Ft. Atkinson called on Miss Annie F.iokmann at the college. —R. Woldt, Prep., of Wayside, has discontinued his studies and L at present attending Rhcude's Business College at Milwaukee. —H. Yandry, Prep., from Janesville could not return after Faster on account of illness. —John Herzberg. who was once a member of the class of 05. was recently elected village clerk of Ashippun. —Fred Eggert discontinued his studies after Faster. —Rudolph Ernst, ’04, who is attending the Lutheran Seminary at Wau watosa. passed his Faster vacation here at home. —Miss Elizabeth Korn visited her brothers Rudolph and Alexander. W>. during Easter. —Adalbert Schaller, 07, was in Burr Oak during the holidays and offici ated as best man at the wedding of his friend, Theo. Schultz, teacher in the Lutheran school at that place. —Henry Ceiger, 07. John Xicghorn, 07. Andrew Braemer. 07, and Henry Diehl. 07. went to Milwaukee, Wednesday, April 25, to attend the concert given there by the A Capella Chur.

TUB III,ACK

ANI) KBIT

—The following students are taking a course in determinants with Prof. II. A. Prank: Adolf Sauer, ’of). Waller llaasc. '06, John Xicghorn, ’07, Henry i'iehl, '07, Theo. Schoewe, ’07, Andrew Braemer, 07, Bernhard .Meyer. ’07, Mans Gaebler. ’07, William Pankow, ’07, Pd win Sauer, ’07. I'. P. Stern, ’07. Oscar Iloyer, ’07, John Schaefer, 08. George Rickcmaun, ’08, Arnold Sprehn, '08, and Bernhard Schumacher. 08. —'The following students entered the ranks of Septima after Paster: George J. Werner, Winona. Minn.: Friederich Marohu, Winneconne, Wis.: Freddie Johannes. Two Rivers: Gerhard Baebenroth, Milwaukee: Anna Hoelzcl, Watertown: Pisa Xilisch, Watertown; William Luckcl, Marinette: P. Mueller. Marshfield. I*. Pggert from Cooperstown en tered Sexla.

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Avis dem Semma-rleben Xach .seuu-r lan gen \hwesenheit ist Herr Gustav Albrecht wiedcr in unsere Mine nnu*kgekehrt. 11 err Pastor (i. Minnenthal, dem er aushalf. soil sieh i<•:: t auf dem M’ege der Besserung befinden. Am J. ■: <|e: jy April fungierten die llcrren Paul Lorenz und Franz I•.L.K 11 T Trauzeugen bei der 1 -Iodizeit des Ilerrn Pastor Paul Kueiske \ I udingion, Mich. Die llochzeit fand im clterlichcn Hause der Brant /n Fast Trov, Wis. stall. \pril waren Men* Pastor Adolf Ledercr von Barron, Am ■ nui Mis. und ’ i •, Heinrich i'iehl von Watertown, Wis. Gaste des (Lotus. Beide IK ; i-aii.eu. ttni dem Konzert des A Capclla Chors beizuwohnen. Sons!ie i ! •: ite der llerren aus verschiedenen Teilen des Staates waren ::um selben /.week herbeigekoiomen. Herr Pa.-mr Wilhelm Mahnke von Xewburg, Wis. stattete 11ns cinen kurze.i RcmicIi al> am 25. und wiedenun am 30. April. Am 3. Mai s-.h sich Herr I)r. Moenecke wegen einer starken Prkaltung geu-'higt. seine Yorlesungen ausfallen zu lassen. Xachdem nun die Matthaus-Passion voriiher ist, haben viele Herren voni Goins das Singen aulgegeben. Die meisten werden fur das nachste Konzert niehl bier sein, und die Arbeit hauft sich jetzt auch ziemlich, da es dem F.nde zugeht. .* .a * *

CAMPOS AND CLASSROOM —Arbor Day! —Lemonade and sandwiches. —Z-b-11: "The Ointaners have a good pitcher this year.” -Max G.: "Why is he so good?”

54-

; :

TUB BLACK AND RBD

Z-b-11: “He had more experiment than anybody else.” —Chicky: "I have an idiosyncrasy for eating.” —Heard in the classroom: “You're as useless as a tape-worm. —P. S.: “Caesar wrote a letter to his father, didn t he? P. H. “How do you know?” P. S.: “He superscribes his second book, liber alter" (licber Alter). —E. A. W. (to Schlei. who was standing on a piece of his music) : “Don't step on that music.” Schlei: "That's all right, these are my new shoes." —Ci-nther: “Before 1 speak. I'll have to rejuvenate myself by removing the capillary appendages from mv chin." —Bu.: “Bones, give me your fork, 1 want to comb my hair." —Yip, our oriental wonder, fanned five men in one inning, the other day. —“Did the tar stick very tightly. Hippos?” —Heard in the classroom: ,,Mit horenden Ohrcn nichls schen. und mit sehenden Augcn nichts lioren." —Z--1: „Ein Student hat heim geprcacht." —Bu. (on Arbor Day): “l object to planting any of these weeping widows” (willows). —Spitz: “Haven't you any feelings?” Bones: “Yes, for my duck.” —B—o: “Have you an etymatical (etymological) dictionary?” —Prof.: ..Uebersetze mal: Wir waren zu ihnen eingcladen." Ok—sch: “We were loaded into them.” —Fat: “How deep can you think?" Boni: “1 can think thirty feet into the ground." —Russico: „Wenn du niemals gclogen hast, so hast du jetzt <lie Wahrheit gesprochen.“ —Pluto:* “I'm going to get a new suit and a Katie.” —Prof.: “Did any of you ever see a hurricane?" Jack: “Yes, they had one in the Milwaukee museum.” —Heard in the classroom: „Wcnn Sie reden wollen, so schweigen Sic licber still.** —Chuck: “When is the Fourth of July this year?" —Pete: “When you wear an X it stands for nothing.” Inch: “When you wear one it stands for Ne—el.” —Heard on the campus: “Just look at those outs, they come right in." —Muk: “When did you come back?" Eulax: "The day behind yesterday.” —()f late Spitz has been taking frequent walks toward the country. I le says that lie is on the lookout for a certain peach. It is rather early in the season for peaches and cherries to be out. Spitz. —Okrusch: "There was an earthquake in your town, Boni.” Boni: “That is nothing, it will rock the baby to sleep for mother."

THE BLACK AND RED.

—‘’How do yon know that it is going to stop raining?” Hank: “Oh, I got a telegram.” —Puen and R-hdc are following the excellent example of Bit and Yip by taking an evening course in kitchen mechanics. —Yip: ..Hast du auch Kafer-Saft in dciner Pfeifc?” —Prof.: ,.\Vas ist ein Diktator?“ (iallus: ,,Ein Mann, der Gedichte schreibt.** —Snooks: „lch mdchtc gern das Concert cinnehmen." Prof: ,.\Yie, mit cinem Ldft’cl.” — Prof.: ,,l'm skandiercn zu lerncn muss man die Fusse auseinander halten." —Anyone wishing to know how it feels to be tarred and feathered may obtain ail information desired, by calling on Hippos I\., who is willing to answer all questions at all times. —Prof.: "In Germany you often see an old soldier grinding a ----Spalz: “A mouth-organ.”

Clothes of Distinction We’re sure we're n»t puttinsr it t.» str.»n jr when we say that, our kind of ('lollies are Clothes of “distinction.” The garments are certainly very dilTerent. from the ordinary Ready to Wear Clothing vim meet at every turn.

Our Clothing Has Character it comes from Hart Schaffner & Marx the nest, makers kn »\vn t »the trade. The label of II. S. & M. is a guarantee of not only latest in style, hut strictly all. wool, n ■ mer cerize 1 cotton. Our hands one Spring Suits, our choice Top Coals cannot he excelled. Please call and let. us show you tho latest in Clothing and Haberdashery.

Hertel & Hoffmann

Clothiers and Furnishers 107 Main Street

USE THE STAR SAFETY RAZOR

The Largest Assort.mk.ntf

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes. Sporting Goods To Be Had in tiie Cit\. Call and See Us.

D, & F. KUSEL ISO. !

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

DEINTIST Office Hours: S.30 to 12 A. M.—1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

106 First Sireat Next to City Hall.

Give us a Trial Those who have given our printing a trial have been pleased and grati fied. Some of our customers say it is the best printing done in the city—the best they have every re ceived. We strive hard to pro duce printing of the better quality and have confidence in the ability of the buying Public to Judge and its willingness to appreciate. Send us a trial order. •

Watertown Pub. Co. 106 Main St.

Phone 89-3.

nsnHnsflSBBBBSBSBBsrasasasBa^

1“D. J. Hitchell

GO TO

10 Cent Cigar, ri Semper Idem Clear Havana t, Filler,Genuine Sumatra Wrap-& per

“Sea Rose”

price is forgotten.

“Middle West” 1 |

The Pride of the Empire”

| The above cigars arc guaranteed to fj | he always as good as tobacco grows ^ by NEUMANN & KRUEGER, Manufacturers, 119 N. 2nd St.i

PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Slrcet.

WATERTOWN WIS.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS . . . . Buchheit Block:.

of all kinds in Season. Good things to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

• " :

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 118 North Second S(.

Ul. D. Spreesser go. * « Jewels rs

if-;

Jit Ulrigftt’s ground floor gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after

“The Sose that all are Prais-j ing. |

For the best Photos

»? [i

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

JEWELER 13 Main Street. Students Patronize Our Advertisers.

Any Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective ly when his feet arc comfortable. Now we can lit your feet a thousand times better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago—and you’ll save from two to four dollars. Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

606-608 Main St.

JUST ARRIVED A new line of Midsummer styles in SOFTANDSTIFF HATS. Also one of the most complete lines of colored HAT BANDS ever shown by any one firm in the city. Our display of Straw 1 Iats in Panama and sailors is the largest and best we have shown in years. We have received yesterday a large line ot Negligee Shirts with collars attached in White and tan which we will offer at $1.00 each. This is absolutely one of the best bargains ever offered.

A call will convince you.

Wegemann <§* Weber Phone 823

217 Main. 106 Third St. F*RST and SECOND FLOOR..

WATERTOWN

I 2is FIRST ST.

WATERTOWN, W1S.

$:■

f■Lou

Hint ter if it’s Hats, Shirts N°Collars, Ties or a new Spring Suit you are looking for, you can alwavs find the correct tilings hen*, and a big lot to choose from too. Our Second Floor is a great place for men and boys. Come in—let us show you.

SCHEINPF BROS. CO.. The Big Cash Store.

$----------------------- 1

£ Only first-class work done. |

G. J. SPRAGUE. Prop.

jptCKE \ E* DEALERS IN

.*•

Fruits, Staple and Fancy Groceries.

Robert CeopolcS Successor to C. K. 11 KVN. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY AND CONFECTIONARY.

Dealer in MINNESOTA FLO I’ll 217 North Second Street

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

SEA.GER’5

arber Sbop ana atb I^ooitis 10S MAIN STREET

All «roods delivered promptly to all parts of the city free of charge.

5 Baths for SI.00 J. C. SEAGER. Prop

;

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Pboto$

WM. Hl'CHI!KIT,

M. J. WOODARD.

President.

Vice-President.

F. E. WOODARD,

E. J. BRANDT,

Cashier.

2 Vice-President.

...GO TO...

UJaimown Photo Co.,

INCORPORATED MAY t. 1854

DONNER GALLERY /W, <?V<7

Special Kates wade to Students.

DIEGES & GIUST • If wo miwle it, it's right”

WHY PAY $5.00

Olficial Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Sehools and Associations.

CLASS PINS, WATCH BS, FRATBKXITY PINS, DIAMONDS, MEDALS. CUPS, Bte.. JEWELRY,

FOR A

SAFTY RAZOR

NEW YORK

WHEN YOU CAN BUY

Schlueter Bros'-

THE“EVER READY”

MERCHANT

WITH 7 BLADES

25 JOHN'S ST.

IO CENT CIGAR AND

ARC

LEAD

5 C CIGAR

THEM

ALL.

105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

FOR SI AT

Ulm. 0. Pritzlaff $ £o. 307 Matin Street.

Dr. A. J. Schlueter

DR. T. F. SHINNICK

DENTIST

Office Hovirs. 8 to 11 a. m. 2 to 6 and 7 to 8 p. rrv.

Office 115 MAIN Phone 59-2 313 Main Stre ?t Over Gruetzmacher’s Stor *.

Watertown, Wis.

Residence, 208 N. 5th St. Phone 138-2.

College ana Class Caps

YOU ALL KNOW THE PLACE

WE KEEP THE

BEST

FRUIT IN TOWN.

Ricbarat=BetbKe Wish to announce that they have just received a complete supply of strings. We carry all grades and get a new supply every month, thus enabling us to keep a fresh supply on hand all the lime. We make a specialty of special tested strings, which we offer at greatly reduced prices to student.

GAMM’S

RELIABLE DRUG STORE

Is Next to Postoffice. Everything Pure, Fresli and Up-to*Date.

A LARGE LINE OF CIGARS

Are Great Producers of College Loyal it y and Class Spirit. The best Co’leges in the country wear them. Pettibnne makes them. No. English Eton Cap. oi' till- wool llannel. colors, ner dozen. $10.50. No /(it Same as No. ¥<>•'>. but nuide of good quality doth. per Dozen. $10.50. Send for our handsome Catalogue No 017 il lustrating and describing uniforms. Caps, oxford Caps and g was. Pennants. Flags. Cla-s Pins. Cadet equipments and Novelties. Etc. College necessities and Sundries. Novell.\ catalogue ‘•Something for Everybody” free. The Pleasant View Cadets” ;t Cidlege Story. Free.

Che Pctttbone Bros. mfg. go. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

For Style, Fit

and Economy Leo210Roesclfs loos West GVlam. WEAR

u Ben Rieck

Your Patronage Respectfully Solicited,

! ----- TRY -------

Wiggenhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OUT CIGAR.

;

PROPRIETOR OF THE

Hew East End Barbershop Gorder Block. fio4 Main Street

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be rig] it, too.

The Scliempf Drug Co. Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals.

F. W KURZWEG

Radtke & Son MANUFACTURE OF

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. Phone 532 117 West Main St.

OTTO HEYN

BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. 409 Main Street-

DEALER IN

Salick & Son Fine Boots, Shoes Jos. Jewelers and Opticians and Rubbers Please Give Us a Trial. We Try to Give Satisfaction.

Special Attention is given to testing Eves and Fitting of Glasses. Eyes Tested Free.

402 Main Street.

Baseball and Sporting goods

The Largest Assortment of

i and 3 Main Street.

Kodacks «:td Photographic Supplies at

KNICK BROS. ii5 Third St.

Watertown, His.

FIRE INSURANCE FRED GAMM WATERTOWN, Sole Importers of the Celebrated ROXHEIMER Rhine Wine

WISCONSIN.

Watertown. Wis.

The August Gamm

Crockery and Glassware Co. —Dealers in— Lamps Glassware Ciockery Stone Ware Bar Goods Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

J.J.Toussaint&Son 8 Main Street

Watertown, W

Wholesale Wines and Liquors

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the DM and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, June, 1906.

LITERARY

Number 3

Baron Steuben. Many illustrious foreigners came to America during the Revolutionary ar t<» aid <>ur struggling country in obtaining its independence from the .anneal government of Great Britain. We look with pride upon the roc nds of a Lafayette, who equipped a ship at his own expense and ded from Bordeaux in April 1777 with the nominal disapproval of « ranee; of a Pulaski, who rendered valuable assistance to the staff of < < nera! Washington, and who shed his life-blood at the siege of Savannah, m 171,0: «»f a Kosciusko, whose knowledge of engineering helped the young nation in fortifying West Point: and of the achievements of a great many ■ thers. But the man who perhaps did the most towards bringing the war t > a successful issue was Baron Steuben. Frederic William Augustus Steuben was born at Magdeburg. Prussia. November 15, 1730. Mis highest ambition seems to have been to be a soldier; for. after having attended Jesuit colleges at Breslau and Ncisse. we hud him, at the tender age of fourteen years, serving as a volunteer tinder bis father at the siege of Prague. In 1747 be was appointed cadet oi infantry, and by 175S be had already risen to the rank of adjutantgeneral. As adjutant-general on the staff of the Prussian king he effected important reforms in the quartermaster’s department, and superintended an academy of young officers selected for special military instructions. At the close of the Seven Years’ War lie traveled extensively through Europe, and in 1764 he was appointed grand-marshal and general of the guard of the prince of Hohenzollem-Hcchingen. In the spring of 1777 the Baron left Germany intending to visit France and England before returning to his native land. He arrived in Paris in April, and from there he expected to go to Versailles and call upon his friend the Count de St. Germain, who was then the French minister of

HIE BLACK AND Kill).

.-7. But St. Germain despatched a messenger to Paris, begging Steuben wrar to remain there for a few days until he could join him. He wanted to meet Steuben in the Arsenal in that city on important business. Steuben could not solve this mystery, as he neither had any favors to ask of the Count, nor knew of any that the Count might want to bestow upon him After St. Germain had arrived in Paris, the meeting was held at the appointed time and place. Baron Steuben soon ascertained that the object of the assemblage was none other than that of finding a suitable person to go to the United States and reorganize the Colonials into a fighting body. A man was wanted who could drill the undisciplined troops and introduce a system of tactics, such that the American soldiers could cope with their better organized and equipped enemy. Since Steuben had fought through the Seven Years' War under Frederic the Great, St. Germain singled him out as the ideal man for such a position. Even if the affair should reach the cars of the English minister at Paris, that worthy dignitary could say nothing, because Baron Steuben was not a French citizen and had not been received at court. Steuben had no aversion towards resuming active life in the army, but the outlook for remuneration in such a hazardous undertaking was not at all encouraging. Besides, he knew nothing of the English language, which, under ordinary circumstances, would prove to be a serious handicap to his usefulness. He would also be forced to resign all his offices in Germany. These provided sufficient means for a life of case. As the French minister could not guarantee him his salary, they directed him to the two American envoys, Franklin and Deane, then in Paris. These two men had no authorÂ ity to form contracts with any foreign officer, much less to guarantee them a fixed salary. Therefore the negotiations came to an abrupt end for the time being. But later on St. Germaine used his good influence to persuade the Baron, who had in the meantime returned It) Germany, to reconsider his decision of not going to America. A ship was now about ready to sail and, being assured that satisfactory arrangements could be made when he reached the New World, he decided to go. He returned to Paris, and after having received letters of introduction from the American envoys to General Washington and the president of Congress, proceeded to Marseilles, where he embarked on the 26th of September under the assumed name of Monsieur de Franck. The ship arrived at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, December i. The first news received after landing, telling of the capture of Burgoync, instilled new hope in the heart of the Baron that he had not engaged in an altogether lost cause. He presented his letters to Washington and the president of Congress, and was ordered to report for duty at Valley Forge. He enlisted with the understanding that Congress should be under no obligations towards him, for services rendered, if his services should not prove acceptable, or the

i :

i i :

TUB BLACK

AND RED.

war unsuccessful, but if the war should be successful he hoped that Con gress would restore him the money spent in making the trip, an equivalent for the offices he had resigned in Germany, and such compensation for his services as that honorable body saw fit. Congress accepted these conditions. Here at Valley Forge he had a great many difficulties to contend with. Besides enlisting for only a few months at a time, the men had been gath ered from every state in the union and had no uniform system of tactics. To make matters worse the officers knew little or nothing of military system, or the proper arrangement of troops in the field. As a result of these con ditions much of the scanty supply of arms and equipments was wasted. It had been customary to allow the army five thousand more muskets than there were men enrolled, and yet it often happened that the supply was inadequate. In the last inspection of the troops while Baron Steuben was inspector-general, only three muskets were found missing, and they were accounted for. In 1 he capacity of inspector-general he performed the greatest services for the country. Realizing the fact that without a manual of tactics nothing could hr accomplished, he decided to make one himself. But he could not write it in English, as that language was too unfamiliar to him, therefore he wrote it in French and had it translated into English by one of his aids, or by persons connected with the War Department, who were totally unac quainted with military phrases. Steuben could be seen daily on the parade grounds drilling officers and men in the duties of war, as set forth in this manual. The direct result of these many hours of drill was to raise the standard <f the enlisted men to a much higher degree of effectiveness, This al s< i enabled the officers to obtain better results in the field. After so long a time spent in drilling soldiers, Steuben yearned for more active service, and begged of Washington to exchange his office of inspector-general for a command of the same rank in the regular line. But this request was not granted, because of the jealousy existing among some of the brigadier-generals, who saw their chances for promotion de creased with every man who was raised to their rank. Thereupon the Baron laid his claim before Congress, with no better results. Although his request was refused, he still gained a little by the transaction. Washington decided that, as inspector-general, Steuben had supreme command over that department, thus settling a dispute in which an officer of General Gates’ army denied being subordinate to him. After this he was sent to Rhode Island to help General Sullivan in his attack on the British in that vicinity. The treason of Arnold and the capture of Andre occurred while Steu ben was a member of the main army, in the autumn of 1780. The Baron was one of the members of the court-martial that pronounced the sentence of death on this traitor to his country. It is said that shortly after this occurrence, while Steuben was reviewing a body of troops, hr* came upon

THK BLACK AND RliD

the name Benedict Arnold. 1 he man who bore the name was asked to step forward. The Baron looked at him for a moment, then told him to change his name because lie was too respectable a person to be classed with a traitor. This he did immediately and took the name Frcdric William Steuben. The Baron now bestowed a pension cf five dollars per month on him. out of his own meagre income, and later on also gave him a grant of land. Finally Steuben's wish of being more actively engaged in the service of this new country was to be fulfilled, We find him in command of the troops in Virginia and doing all in his power to help (lateral dales defeat Cornwallis. Of the innumerable battles and skirmishes in which he was engaged, those of Richmond, Portsmouth and York were perhaps the most important. After having heard that Cornwallis had made negotiate us t<ÂŤ surrender, he refused to leave his cc mmand until the capitulation had taken place. Me now returned to the north, where he again discharged his duties as inspector-general faithfully and well. The war ceased on the 19th of April, 1783, and although Steuben had received little or no remuneration for his services, yet he did not prc>> his claims at once, because he saw men on every side who had families at home to support, and who in all probabilities would be obliged to return to their wives and children empty-handed. Not only did he not recei\< any pay, but he willingly gave what little he still had to help allay the suffering of others. After the more needy had been paid he applied for his. which he had so well earned, but with indifferent success. It was not until 1790 that he finally received a partial compensation for his long and honorable services in the American army. Congress voted â&#x2013; him a life annuity of twenty-five hundred dollars per year. Besides this, several states gave him small tracts of land in appreciation of his services. Among these were Virginia, New Jersey and New York. The latter state gave him sixteen thousand acres in the vicinity of Utica. Mere he erected a log cabin where he might spend his declining days in peace. ()n the 251I1 of November, 1794, he suffered a stroke oi* paralysis, which partially destroyed his powers of speech, and four days later lie died as a Christian in the true sense of the word. Mis remains were laid to rest in the forest near by. Thus one of the greatest men of the Revolutionary war.passed away. 1 call him one of the greatest, for who will deny that his training of the soldiers in the duties of war was not one of the main causes of bringing this our great struggle for independence to a successful close? â&#x20AC;&#x201D;M. S., 08.

nili BLACK AND RED.

GtJ

Aus Watertown, Teure Schiiler, Ereunde unci Conner der Watertowner Anstalt! Das Schuljalir cilt wieder zu Elide. Nur noch vvenige Tage tummcln sicli behcnde Gestalten auf deni Campus, ruft der Glocke Klang Hunderte von munteren, lehensfrolicn Schulern zum Unterricbt, sielit man die Fcnster des grossen Wohngebaudes bell erleucbtet. Dann wird’s still. Dann geht’s nacli Hansel—Und maneber kebrt niebt wieder. Ja, die abgebcnden Schuler! I’ei ihnen weilen in diesen Tagen vor alien nnsre (iedanken. Halien wir doch versuebt, ihnen fiir dieses Leben und fiir jenes Leben die beste Ausrustung zu geben. — 1st es uns geluiigen? Wic wird’s wold werden? Colt gibt ja seinen Segcn; ist es uns gelungen, an diesen jungen Christen nnsre Pllicht zu tun? Haben sie bei uns in Watertown anch fiir ilirc zukiinftige Lebcnsstellung gefunden, was sie suchten? Wir hol'fcn es. und wiinschen ihnen cin: Gott wit ciich! Wenn aher von den Schulern geredet wird, die uns verlassen, so denken wold die wemu-ten an nnsre Akademisten. Und doch sind gerade dicse ein so liochwichiiger Bcstandteil gerade nnsrer Anstalt, — berufen, cine enge Verbindung zwisehen Synode und Synodalanstalt berzustellen. Es liirftc sicli daUr der Miilic verlobnen, aucli Hirer und unsrer Akademic im Black and Bed zu gedenken. Es isi walir. dass man in weiteren Krciscn von den Akademisten kaum viel liort. Slid kommen sic. still geben sic. Sic sind aber nichtsdestoweniger ein Boilwcrk des Luthertums in der Synode. Sie haben zum grossen Teile nur zwei oder drei Jabre bei uns zugebraebt, — manclie wold aucli nur ein lain. — aber kbnnt ibr einen nennen, der niebt voll und ganz zu uns gebdrte. der niebt ir.it Stolz und Liebe an seiner Northwestern binge? Glaubt ibr, dass einer von diesen girls and boys je die Anstalt vergessen wird. den Sammelpunkt der Jugend der ganzen Synode? Ja, nteine Ereunde, das Gefiihl, dass ein geistiges und geistlicbes Band uns allc uniseldingt; dass wir als lutherischc Burger dieses freien Landes zusammengebdren, zusammengehoren diirfen, zusammengebdren miissen, zusammengebdren konnen, — das kommt unsrer lutberiseben Jugend erst voll und klar zum Bewusstsein. wenn sie auf unsrer Synodalanstalt gelebt. studiert. Freud und Leid gekostet: wenn sie sielit. was fiir eine stolze -Scbule die lichen Christen unsrer Synode Gott zu Eliren und der Kircbe zum Scgen aufgebaut haben. Da wird der Zogling lernen deni Herrn zu danken, dass er unsrc Synode so willig und so weitblickend gemaebt, dass sic jedeni Lutbcraner liter Gclegenbeit gibt, fiir irgend einen Beruf sicli die notigen Vorkcnntnisse zu erwerben. Da werden die jungen Lcute niebt als Frcnidc in die Gcmeinden zuriickkbren, wie sie es tun miissen, wenn sie eine Staatsanstalt besuebt haben. sondern sie werden, so Gott will, als stramme, glaubensfrobe Synodalgliedcr fiir Synode und Kircbe wirken.— Dieses Gefiihl der Znsannnengchbrigkeit kann nirgends so gepflegt werden,

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5. •.

nil* It LACK AM* Klil».

selbst nicht an cincr lutherisdien I’rivat-l lochscluilc, so hoch wir aucli deren Arbeit zu schatzcn wissen; 1 iir den \\ iskonsiner giht es nui cm Watertown. . Weil ein soldier Segen auf eincr Akademie rulit. wed sic fur Anslalt raid Synodc ein so lioeli cinznscliatzcndcr haktor ist, konnen wir es der Svnodc nie genu" Dank wissen, dass sic trotz heftier, gutgeiiieiuler Anoriti'c der Akademie stets ein Platzelicn bei tins gegomit, so dass wii ncboii den Gymnasiastcn immer cine staltliche Anzalil soldier baben durflcn, die spater als Gcschaftsleute, Ruchfulirer, Fanner, Handworker, mit Stolz auf Hue Synodalanstalt, ihr Northwestern zuriickblicken komien. Und die Zalil diescr Manner und Frauen ist viol grosser, als man moistens amiininil. lrre icb nicht, so gibt unser Katalog in diesem J all re dariiher nidiere \uskunft. Er sol lie in jedermanns Ilanden sein. — Unsere Akademisten sind bereits iiber vide Staatcn zerstreut und in fast alien lleriifsartcn zu linden. Und liberal! sind sie ein gewaltiger Sauerleig, der mclir und niehr da.*' gauze Synodallebcn durclisauert, — zum Heston der Anslalt. der luilu ri <. lion Kirclie. Jed.es Jahr strdmen r.er.e, frisdic Krafte mid Safte aus der Anslalt in den Synodalkorper; und dass die Akademisten an Watertown in d barer Erinncrung gedenken. zeigen uns nicht nur cniumlcrmlc Worm mul . Irene Anhaiigliclikeil, sondern vor allem die viden iicuen Sdiiiler. ie uns alljahrlicli zufuliren, und die Solme und Tocliter von E.lcrn, die lner die Akademie cinst besuchten. — Ohnc Farm, obne Keklamc hat die \’>a demie stets einc schdne Zalil Schuler aui'zuwdsen gehaht, die zu uns l uu-:i meistens angeregt von solchen, die selbst liicr fur das praktische l.elx n i.11 ilire Ausbildung holten. Ja, wir verdanken cuch viol, den obne Sang und Klang in die < ie meinden zuruckkelirenden Akademisten. Illcibt uns treu. bleibt deni Ilerrn treu, und werbt ini Stillcn uns h'reunde — zum I lesion der Kirclie, damit wir jedcs Jahr melir K or Ihurst mi boys and girls aus Watertown entlassen konnen. Auf die Akademie selbst blickcn wir Watertowner, Lchrer wie Sdiiiler, mit bereehtigtem Stolz. Sie hat jederzeit melir geleistct, als hekamil war, weil man sie cben wenig kannte. Sie hat stets in drei Jaliren cine reeht sorgfaltig abgerundete Erzielnmg auf breitester Grun diage geboten— sol chen, die nicht gerade ein Fachstudiiini treihen wollten, sondern bless das Bedurfnis fuhlten, melir zu lerncn, als die Gemeindesehule hot: sie hat immer einen ausgezeichnetcn fiinfjahrigcn Kursus mit voller Beriicksichligung alles dessen geboten, was ein gebildeter Gescliaftsmann lieutzutage wissen muss: sie hat seit ei.icr Reilie von Jaliren einen vortreffiichen Eelirkursus fiir solche, die sich speziell als Stenographen, Typewriter. Hookkeeper ausbilden lassen wollen; sie hat den Iiinjahrig-Freiicilligen cine solide Fortbildung geben konnen. Kurz. die Akademie hat sich obne der Synode Unkosten zu verursaclicn dank der Unterstutzung der fruheren Sdiiiler und der Opfcrwilligkeit dcr gesamten Lchrerschaft so entwickelt.

TUB BLACK

AND RED.

class ihre Schuler den Anspriichen der rastlos voranschreitenden Geschaftswelt gewachsen sind. Wir kerinen keine bcssere lutherische Anstalt. Sic verdient cs deshalb, class man sie aus dem bescheidenen Platzchen licraus an das Tagelicht bringe. Dahcr laden wir Kenner dcs Geschaftslebcns und Fachlcule herzlichst ein, sich fiber die Akademic in Watertown Auskunft zu erbitten. Jeder Lelircr wird sie bereitwilligst erteilen, und be orders mdchte icli auf den Prasidenten und Herrn. Prof. H. Frank, den Vorsteher der Gescliaftsabteilung, hinweisen. — Gewinnt einen Einbh’ck, maclit eucli mil unsern Lcistiingcn vertraut, steht uns mit gutem Rate unci mit der Tat zur Seitc, damit diese Zentralschule, die Schule die alle Synodalen erreicht und ilinen nahe steht, einen Vergleich mit den besten Schrlen im 1 .ancle nicht zu scheuen braucht. Es ist in unsrem Interessc. cs muss in eurem Interessc liegen, die ihr auf lutherische Hochschul-Erziehung lialtct Wir werden bei niiherer I’ckanntschaft nur gewinnen — cucli, Untcrstiitzung und Schuler. Ja, teure Glaubensbriicler, wir haben euch und euer Wohlwollen notig. Wir wollcn cure Gebete auch fiir dicsen Zweig einer lutherischen Anstalt; wir bedurfen es, class ihr nach griindlicher Kenntnisnahme dessen, was in Watertown gdcistet wird, fiir uns am rechten Orte ein gutes Wort einlegt ; wir miis en auch cure Sohne und Tdchtcr haben, — die Kinder der Armen, die Kinder der Reichcn, — wenn ihr wollt, das die Watcrtowner Anstalt fiir Kirclie und Synode tue, was sie — und nur sie — zu tun im stancle ist. Und endlich bediirfen wir besonclers cure Unterstutzung, werte Glaubensbriidcr, die der Herr im Irdischen reich gesegnet; clenen er die Erkenntnis gegelxa hat. class fiir die lutherische Jttgend, die gesamte lutherische Jugend, eine lutherische Sammcl- und Hildungsstatte so notig ist, wie das tiigliche Broi; denen er Herz und Hand willig gemacht hat, grossc Opfer fur diese heilige Sache, fiir die Zukunft der Kirclie, zu bringen, — Opfer, die jetzt die Synode nicht bringen kann, wcil ihre Hauptaufgabe, Precliger unci I .direr fiir die Gcmcinclen heranzubilden, fast alle ihre Mittel auf Jalirc hinaus in Anspruch nehmeti wird. Und doch liegt nur in einer Synodalanstalt die sichere Gewahr, class sie cine Zukunft babe, class sie bestehen werde, so lange es eine lutherische Kirclie gibt. Daruni bitten wir liochhcrzige (.dimer, I.utheraner. die fiir die lutherische Kirclie tun mocliten, was rcichc Glieder andcrcr Kirchengemeinschaften fiir ihre Anstalten, was kirchlosc Reiclie fiir die Wisscnschaft in so reichem Masse getan haben, uns, die lutherische Synodalanstalt zu bedenken, uns mit jenen gleichzustellen, uns so trefhich auszurusten im schweren Kampfe fiir Gott und die Kirclie. Wir haben bereits einen An fang. Eine hochherzige Amcrikanerin hat uns $10,000 vielleicht $20,000 vermacht. Aber es lieisst auch liier: Idus war ein Samariter. Haben wir keinen Lutheraner, dem die Sache seiner Kirclie so am I lerzen lage wie dieser Frcnidc; haben wir keinen, der so dankbar um Gottes willen Hunderte oder Tausende, ja gauze Lehrgebaude und Wohngebaude fiir die Sache der lutherischen Erziehung zu schetiken

I 72

THE BLACK AND RED

das Here hattc?—Die Synoile hat getan, was sic nur tun konnte. Sic will es, dass Watertown cin Sammelpunkt fur die gesamte luthcrische Jugend sei. Sie hat sich fast einstimmig dafiir ausgesprochen. Es fehlen ihr aber die Mittel, die Akadcmie odcr Hochschule zu unterstutzen, ausziibauen. IVir tun in diesem engen Rahmen, was in unsern Kraften steht, — ja nianche furchten, dass wir uns fast uberanstrengen. Das gibt es aber bci uns nicht. Was wir aber tun konnen, geschieht. Was konnt ihr fiir uns tun, ihr Glaubensbriider, die ihr mehr konnt, als wir tun konnen ? — Euch lege ich diese Sache, die Sache dcr Erziehung, der Kirche ans Here. Watertown, Juni 1906. —Albert Kuhn.

On Black and Red.

Rjbli.sheJ monthly by ths stuJsnts of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF. IIKNKV J. IMEHL, '07

EDITOR-IN CHIEF BUSINESS MANAGERS.

GEORGE X M ETRE. ‘07 GUSTAV WESTER 11A US. \>S

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS .MANAGER DEPARTMENT EDITORS.

EDWIN S UIER. ’07 SIGMUND I'RODvr V) ED i.\K GUI N III ICR oS AD \UU K l - :i \I.I.ER -07 ERW IN K<«\\ \I.KK \>S

ATHLETIC EDITOR. SOCIETY EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LOCAL EDITOR C A M PUS A ND C LASJROOM

1 i‘. 1 lie l. ior.iry Department are rejueste l from alumni an I un ler^raduntcs. All literan I. Mil.) In- addressed to the Editor-in-chief and all business communications to the Busin.• Ti e • • :l>scription are7j cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, ia cents, li.i .isment. N.»tif\ us if you wish your a Idress changed or your paper discontinued. Stamps:) 1 The .R.ic.N and Red is for war led luall suliscribcrs until order for itsdisconttnuation is received and until all .mu....1 . - ire paid. l-.t. .I'.isi.utice of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

'Flic school year is now at an end and we are about to depart tohome to spend our vacation. It will therefore not seem amiss to take i glance backward at the year that has just passed. In the beginning of the school year we had a goodly number of incon veniences to put up with, for the new building was not finished as it was expected to lie. The old dormitory was crowded and quite a number of students had to room with private families. However, we.made the best of it and after Christmas the new building was ready to he occupied Everything is arranged very nicely and conveniently in it, so that a person can study if he only cares to do so. And now with regard to our studies. We think we arc not laying ourselves open to the charge of over-estimation by saying that the scholar ship of the students during the past year was not of a lower standard <3

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Hlh ‘W.ACk ANh

than that of former years. Of course, there are always a few who like to work along the line of least resistance and who fail to do their duty, hut cies in the now devastated city, delegated Emil Teich, who graduated from on the whole, we can be satisfied. A new professor was also added to the faculty, an acquisition of which our institution can be justly proud. The enrollment this year was larger than that of preceding years. Despite this increase in the number of students, the number of cases of sickness was decidedly small. Unhappily the sickness of two boys proved fatal, the first being a member of the senior preparatory class, Frederic L.ramstadt, the other a member of the Freshman class, Henry Schmidt. During the past year we were granted the pleasure of celebrating two memorable days in the history of our institution. The first was the dedi cation of the new dormitory, which took place on ('ctober 15th, and the second the celebration of the first “Northwestern Memorial Day" in the history of our institution. We earnestly hope that the latter celebration will take place annually. In conclusion, we must say that the past year has been a successful one in many respects. May the next year be slid more successful and many a goodly number of new students enter the portals of our institution next fall. * * * .* * Many characters that sprang into existence under favor

The Passing of able circumstances soon outgrew their usefulness !"om the Rooters, I’ll.-

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the fact that their privileges were unrestricted, rooter, that seemingly indispensable contemporary of our great national game, is also slowly falling into disrepute, lie has become the subject of ridicule in the comic sections; his name has become synonymous to “knocker,," and he is despised by the very players for whom he roots. The real cause of this attitude toward him is of course his inconsistency. He seems as powerless to resist the influence of good and evil fortune as is an aspen leaf against the force of the various breezes. He cheers, he howls with the ebb and tide of success. Should Dame Fortune frown on his friends, our rooter, overpowered by his passions, at once seeks a victim, and when once he has found him, he heaps upon the unfortunate player all the imputations in which bis frenzy may find expression, tho* this same player may have been exalted to the sky for some brilliant plav but a few minutes before. Not content therewith, lie next turns on some oppos ing player, whom he overwhelms with jeers and snarls in his efforts to destroy that player’s efficiency. And many are the contests in which teams have won simply because the rooters have succeeded in destroying the

Tllli It LAC K

AND KlilJ

i.»

equilibrium of sonic opposing players. Mow this may he just we fail to see, awl the members who can claim such a victory without qualms of con science must have a vague conception of equity indeed. We agitate for the adoption of measures to reduce the possibilities of doing bodily injury to plaxcrs in foot-ball, while an evil whose effects ar.‘ as great and sometimes greater is allowed to flourish in our very midst Fortunately the last named evil lias gained little if any ground at our instiluli <11. but tlu habit of jeering the borne players lias grown so much the more. This must not be. Let it be your policy in the future not to play the disgraceful acts of the 'knocker” when your team is losing, but to continue cheering when they win and all the more when they appear to he losing'. If this he your altitude, your team, after winning a game, will not be justified in saving’, as it lias been during the last season, that they won despite the presence of their wotild-he adherents.

* # Wc arc wont to say that time flics, and this seems to l>e especially true in a student’s life. Day after day of his school-year passes by and sees him cither laboring I'M 1> i.-s or cnjoxiii: those out-door exercises which the different ■ fi'er him. (July when he is writing a composition or a letter does a- w what day of the month it is and this makes it seem as tho’ lime in skips and jumps. Put there is a short period in every vear whidi a s > slowly that it seems to outdo the proverbial pace of the snail. ;■ ."Unk nis coed not he told that wc mean the last few weeks and days preceding vacation, We all, with few exceptions, begin to look for ibo lot day with longing, which increases as the lime for departing draws nearer. Now we look at the calendar oftener, wishing that wc might according to the legend of Rip van Winkle awaken some morning to find iliai we had slept a fortnight. And we are justified in having this longing. If family life at home is what it should he,—a mutual sharing of sorrows and pleasures, and unity of ideas.—if the affection for our parents is what it should be,—-a deep love which urges us to appreciate and to repay the kindness thev showed us from childhood on,—how can we do otherwise than long to be participants of that family life again, to be with our parents again, from whom miles of hill and plain separated us many a month. Rut there is also another reason why wc arc glad when the first day of vacation arrives. Jf wc have made it our object to spend our time in working diligently during the school-term, we shall feel as tho' a short rest and change of the subject wouldn’t hurt us. When we are censured for saying this and told that the students of years gone by had no vacation at all, we can reply that this may account for the fact that they didn’t live longer than they did. Vacation.

THE BLACK AND KEI)

True it is that this temporary cessation of our studies puts us hack a little in them, but we intend to return with so much new intellectual energy that we shall make up for what we have lost and carry the new work away with us on the run. Then, too, it is not said that we should do no studying at all during vacation. There are always a number of boys among 11s who have quite a little “free” time in summer, Thev will not harm themselves at all if they take up a hook occasionally to review some old work or if they do a little new work ahead of time. They will he glad for any work which is done when they are at school again. Above all, let us enjoy ourselves at home, and may our vacation be such a time of pleasure and recreation that, when the end of it is at hand, we are ready to take up the struggle for knowledge with new vigor. Let us spend it with this proverb in mind: Mens sana in corpore sano.

-* * * * During the past year more interest has been taken in debating than probably ever before in the hist »r\ of our institution. The action of certain energetic per -us, who organized two debating societies, is highly commendable. Debating is an excellent training for public affairs and citizenship, and 1 r that reason alone, if for no other, frequent debates should he held, lie .-ides the training it gives, debating is useful for other reasons. It induce- -»ne to look deeper into occurrences of public interest which one might otherw ise pass by as uninteresting, it sharpens the debater's wits, increases his vocab ulary, and helps greatly to give him the necessary energy for defending an opinion he has formed on any subject: an energy which he will need in life to defend his own rights and interests. But debating has its defects as well as its merits. 1 low many persons after listening to a lengthy debate have gone away with their convictions changed or have actually learned something of value? Of course there may have been one or more in the audience who benefited by the debate, but we venture to say that you will agree with us in thinking that the benefits of debating are almost entirely on the side of the debaters, while the audience has only the pleasure of listening to a good speaker or of applauding if the judges' decision is in favor of the representatives of its society or school. In our opinion the audience would derive more good from a debate if both sides would submit to each other and to the judges a list of the more important points and then work out the debate on these points only. By doing this, both sides would be debating on the same points and could really throw' some light on their subject, which seldom happens when debating in the usual manner, for the speakers often discuss points that have no connection whatever. Debating.

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ALUMNI

Nachruf.

Her Clin mist des Alumni-Vereins sieht sicli am Schlusse dieses Jahres vor die sell were Aufgabe gesteilt, zwei lieben Briidem, die der Herr iiber Lcbcn mid Tod aus unserm Ycrbandc mid aus ibrem Wirkungskreiss abrief. einen letzten Xacliruf zu widmen, — den Briidem im Ycreine sic nochmals nalie zu bringen, die vor kitrzem an unsrer Seite so freudig wirkten, so uiulig k.'mipfteu. uiid nun nach sicgreich bestandenem letzten Strauss das Land der Yerhcissung erreiebt haben und das Siegcslied anstimmen diirfen Ja. sehwer bat des Ilerrn Land den Vcrcin wieder getroffen. Noch iung. ebon erst vcrmalilt und vollcr lIolTmmg in die Zukunft schauend c'»Ut<- Pastor Albert (illicit dem Ilerrn bier docli nicht Linger dienen. Im b^sica Manncsaltcr noch stebend, aber vor der Zeit geallert und gebrocheti, i'i.-cb an deist, docli schwach und krank am Leibe, — cin starker Baum, von Sturm.es Gcwalt jalilings entwurzelt — musste Professor Otto Hover <ii’■ n.iiden Handc, die so viol geschafft, in so manch saurem Kampfe .*'»•!' >ii und >child so tapfer gefiihrt, nun in den Scboss legen. !''-iden war ein Herzenswunsch erfiillt worden: sie batten in dem i :l li'lls 1’erufe steben diirfen, den wir kennen, — batten als Prcdiger und i fiir ibren .\leister Seelcn werben, crmunlern, trdsten und starken .-'ie sidltcu al.er aucb beide—der I.ehrer wie sein Schiller—von der Linger, scbleichender Krankbeit gebeugt, das liebgewordene Amt ; : ' "Vgcn, die der Herr sic durcli den Tod abrief. \\ ir balten die Eutschlafenen in teuren Angedenken als licbe Briider, ■iie .sicb durcli stilles, freundliebes, friedfertiges VVesen die Frcundschaft vieier und die Acbtung aller erwarben, die aucb in der Ausiibung ihres Berufes stets in aller Stifle arbeiteten und Ancrkenmmg bei den Menschen nicht suchlcu. So forderten sic, — der cine langc Jabre und in weitem Kreise. der andcrc nur kurze Zeit und auf begrenztem Gebictc, — ruliig und gewissenhaft die Saclie des Ilerrn. und or gab (made dazu, dass man jetzt von ilinen riilmien kaun: Sie baben des Hcrrn Ehre gesucht und sind vielen zuni Segen geworden. Bernhard Albert (ililcrt wurde am 2. August 1875 *n Xauvoo, III., geboren. Im Friihjahr 188?) wurde er von seinem Water in Bay City, Mich igan, konfirmiert und im Herbste des Jahres nach Watertown geschickt. Ilier graduierte er 1896.—Da es scin Wunsch war, dem Herrn in der Kirche als Prcdiger zu dienen. so trat er glcich in unscr Predigerseminar cin und naluii nach bestandenem Kandidatenexamen einen Beruf an die ev.-lutb. Gemeinde zu Lake Geneva, Wis„ an. Ordination und Einfuhrung vollzog sein Yatcr am 2. Juli 1890.— Xoch in diesem Jabre wurde Fraulcin 77

rHli BLACK AND ULD

Magdalena Pieper, Tochter von Prof. August Pieper, seine Gatlin.— Pastor Ohlert hatte kaum begonnen, sich mit Eifer unci Erfolg seiner Amtstatigkeit 7.U widmen, als ilm sclion im Mai 1904 ein Hals- und Kehlkopfsleiden bewog, in Colorado Cenesung zu sueben. Der Klimawecbscl brachte jedoeb niebt'die erboffte Ueilung. Xacli einem Jabre vcrliess der Kranke Denver wieder und zog nacli kurzem Aiifentbalte bei seinni Scbwiegereltern mil seiner Fantilie zu den El tern nacli Wevauwcga. Ilier wurdc er zusebends schwacher, und sclion am 13. Juni 1905 rief ibn der llerr zu sicb. — im Alter von 29 Jahren, 10 Monaten und 11 Tagen.— Die enlseelte II idle wurde am 16. juni zu Wevauwcga unter zablreicber Beteiligung von seiten der Genieinde und der Amtsbriider zu Grabe getragen. ICs leitcten dabei die Trauerfeier im Hause Pastor C. Jiiger, Prof. Kdbler und Pastor (). Hagedorn im Cottesbausc, Pastor Dowidat auX deni (ioltcsackcr. Den so jung dabingesebieden Bruder iibericben seine Gatlin und ein Tdcbterlein, Eltern unci Gesehwister, darnnler ein I’ruder im Predigerseminare, der bereit ist, an Stelle des alteren Bruders deni llcrrn als Dicner sicb zu weilien.

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Daniel Otto August Hover wurde geboren am 17. November <U's Jalires 184c;. In seiner Geburlsstadt Hamburg besuebte er die Scdmle und das Gymnasium, bis ibn im Alter von 16 Jabren sein Weg mil Eltern und Gescbwistern nacli Amerika fulirle. Ilier in Watertown setzie er seine Studien fort und verliess mil der ersten graduia enden Klasse als Alumnus unsre Nortbwestem University. Tbcologie studierte er unter Dr. Wallber in St. Louis. Vom Seminare rief den jungen Kanclidaten im Jabre I875 die Genieinde in Necnab ins Predigtamt. Eiinf Jabre king arbeitete dn junge Seelsorger eifrig und treu in dieser Parocbic. Dann folgt er einem dringenden Rufe nacli St. Paul, an die Genieinde, der jetzl Prases Gause witz vorstebt. Damit trat er zugleicb in die Svnode von Minnesota als Glied ein. Als nacli einigen Jabren (1885) diese Synode ibre Anstalt in New Ulm eroffnete, wurde Pastor Otto Hover zum Direktor des Gymnasiums und des damit verbundenen Predigerseminars gewahlt. Er nabm den Beruf an und fand ein grosses Eeld zur l’earbeitung vor. Ja, wir durfe.i mil Fug und Reclit Xcu Ulm als das Hauptfeld seiner unermudlicben Tiitigkeil bezeiebnen; bier verbraebte er seine besten Jabre, bier verbrauebte er aueb seine besten Knifte. Als Direktor, als lnspektor, als Lelirer, als Redakteur des Synodalorgans, als Superintendent der Wirtscbaft, als Prediger und als Griindcr von Gcmeinden in deni weiten Missionsgebiete im Weslen bat er rastlos gcarbeitet, und dass das Dr. Martin Luther Kollege so prachlig gedicb, ist unter Gottcs reichem Segen seiner umsiebtigen Leilung zuzusebreiben. — Als dann die Allgemeine Synode gegriindet und diese Anstalt in ein Lebrerseminar umgestaltel wurde, folgte Direktor Hover einem

Till-

IILACK

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Rui'c nacb Michigan und wurdc Direktor ties Predigcrscminars mid Pro fessor tier Dogmalik. Aber aucli bier solltc er niclit lange bleiben. LchrstrcitigkciU'n machtcn cine Trcnnung notwendig, die Michigansynode zerficl in zwei Teile, und Direktor Hover kani als Inspektor nacb Watertown, an seine .lima Mater. Mchrerc Jab re king versab er mit Biter und Pflichtireue ( bne alle iliife den atifrcibendcn Dienst und gab dabei eine betrachtliebe \u/.: b! von Scbul-1unden. Nacb seiner Resignation als Inspektor rrlviicie er an uusrcr Anstalt als 1 ebrer tier latciniscben und deutschen Snrncbe mul erleilte in einigen Klassen den Idntcrricht, an dem er am u ri.-.ien hing. — Reiiv.it nsunterriebt, — bis ilin die Aussicbtslosigkeit tier l| . ;in l" (ienesung kowog, dor Ycnvaltungshebdrde seine Resignation zu ii! erreicbcn. F Foie ibn. tier fast nie Krankbeil gckannt batte. die BriglUscbe Xier: n! r okbfii crnriTTon. der er naeli kaum ander thalbjahrigem Leiden e.'cb ' • - R:*i zmn (dpfer fallen solltc,-—ini Alter von 56 Jahren, ir Mon a. u-n, - i Tageu. I'm*, iwariet scbnell entriss ilm tier Tod der Kirchc, den Kollegen, der Fnmi’i . i : , -Hiwerer \"erlust fur alle, besonders scliwer fur die Lichen, tine Gatlin und seebs Kinder. Er selbst bat ja nacb : :• ••■ Hi; leu und das Ziel crrcicht. Ibid wurdc er aucii I’rnb oiuiVn, so liess ibn docb der Herr so lange ini Kreise seiner <t drei seiner Kinder in den Dienst der Kirchc treten sehen I11 a’s Pastor, zwei Tdcbler als Lchrerinnen. our IK no.

Hi. tk-n 8. November, batte ibn der Herr licimgerufen. Am ty. November, fand in Watertown ein Traucrgottesdienst i. sialt. r und Schuler. ikr--.ir.rt n a us tier Nahc und Feme, darunter or. - Prc.li'krseiriuars. Delegate n von unsrem Lebrersemimnasiuin der A 1 issouri-8ynodc in Milwaukee bewegten m' u i-t ' M- 7.\\ e -ur Kirche. Herr Pastor Klingmann bielt die Predigt id; -u\ >5. Ids scblossen sicb daran kurze Anspracbcn von Hcrrn 1 ’ri'ses v. K hr :m«l Direktor Scballer. Nacb Scbluss ties Gottesdicnstes gab dir \ vi oirir’inr.; tier Leiche tlas Gclcitc bis zum Babnbofe. Sic solltc in Prince! 1 n in die Free gebcttel werden, und dertbin beglcitcten sic Abge--rdne'e der I'akulliit und der Schulcrschaft. —Herr Prof. Ernst bielt dem eutsclilafenen Kollegen am Dienstagc tlie Grabrede, wahrentl Herr l'r i. Kolder als Yertreter der Fakultilt in Wauwatosa und als Freund dem Dakin'vscliiedencn, den er ein Kind ties Frietlcns nannte, einen herzlicben NT.chruf widmetc. Herr Pastor W. Herrmann amtierte auf dem Frietlhofe, und miter Cborgesang wurde tier Viclgeprufte zur letzten Rube —Albert Kuhn, gebeltet. Cbronist ties Alumni-Ycreins. Watertown, luni took. -

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Chicago N. W. U. Alumni. On Mav 21st, in the evening, a small gathering of former students took place at the office of Dr. J. C. Krafft. Rev. H. Moussa was elected temporary chairman, and J. H. Geweke, secretary, A resolution was adopted to organize the Chicago Alumni of the Northwestern l niversity of Watertown, Wisconsin. Rev. O. Heidtke and J. H. Geweke were ap pointed a committee to prepare a draft of by-laws. The meeting thereupon adjourned to May 28th, at 8 p. m., to a place subject to the call of by-laws committee. On May 28th, a meeting was thereupon held at the Sherman Mouse, where a larger gathering took place. The by-laws, with few modifications, were accepted as reported by the committee; thereupon the election ol offi cers took place. The result of such election was: Rev. H. Moussa, t hairman; J. H. Geweke, Secretary: Dr. J. C. Krafft, Treasurer. The Secre tary was instructed to send a communication to every former student nowresiding in Chicago to forward his acceptance of membership. 'The chair man was instructed, upon ail parties having sent in their communication relative to becoming members or not, to appoint the various committees. After discussing the “pros and cons" of former days at considerable length, the meeting adjourned subject to call as provided by the by-laws. —Julius 11. Geweke, Secretary.

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Personal Notes. Contributions to this column arc requested from nil former students regardless of actual graduation. Class secretaries or historians, especially, are urged to promote the success of the column. When newspaper clippings are sent care should be taken to indicate date and place clearly.

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—Theodore Abelmann, who attended the institution for a number of years, is taking a course at the medical college of the University of Michigan, being in his freshman year. —J. C. Krafft, member of the class of 97, has been practicing medicine and surgery in the Windy City. He has also served some time as coroner. Address, 403 West North Avenue, Chicago, 111. —Shortly after the conflagration of San Francisco the Mechanics’ Fire In surance Company of Milwaukee, underwriters of a large number of polithe academy in 1882, as special representative to the coast to re-establish the company’s western branch. Having been employed as assistant secre tary for a number of years, Mr. Teich was especially well fitted to take charge of the interests of the company. —Cards have been received announcing the engagement of Miss Elfrida

TI1H BLACK AND KIM).

von Ruhr, daughter of the Rev. Ph. von Rohr of Winona, to Alfred Wil liam Sauer, who received his degree in 1902. —Again a son of Northwestern has received special honors at the University of Wisconsin. John Whyte, 05, was awarded the German Philology Scholarship at the annual .distribution of prizes. —William F. Luebke, 03, during the past year teacher at the Waukesha High School, has accepted an assistant professorship in German at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. Mr. Luebke will continue his study of Ger manics and English at the University of Chicago during the summer quarter. In conjunction with the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of Con cordia College at Milwaukee, Wis„ one of the colleges of the Missouri Synod, the connection of the Rev. Prof. Karl Huth with that institution during the same period will be celebrated. Prof. Huth graduated at North western in 1878. The celebration will take place June 18. —Edmund Bliefernicht, 03, who is attending the seminary at Wauwatosa, Wis., filled a vacancy in the teachers’ staff of the Milwaukee Lutheran High School during May and June. .f

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Ovir Contemporaries In reading over the spring issue of The Lantern (Bryn Mawr, Pa.) we found a large number of the articles, aye, the majority of them, to be written by alumnae. Though the number of these articles be out of propor tion with the number representing the efforts of undergraduates, we cannot help envying the staff for the loyalty of these former students, who thereby prove that they have not, with the closing of their text-books, severed all connections with their alma mater. It is a fact to be deplored that we do not receive more support of a similar kind. Surely all of our alumni are so strenuously engaged in solving the problems of life but they might have time to send in some productions of their mature minds as examples to us, whose literary talents are still in embryo. The Crescent (Red Wing, Minn.), April number, appears to have some what neglected her literary column in her efforts to excel in the secondary departments. The article on "Eccentricities of Genius" recounts some remarkable peculiarities of a number of the world’s genii, peculiarities which, however, in our opinion, are better to be understood cum grano satis, even though they are related in history. "Optimism is one of the prime requisites for success in any undertaking,” says College Chips (Decorah, Iowa), under the direction of her new staff. If their first issue be the product of that spirit, she must be right. The

. rilli BLACK AX1 > ULI*.

article "On Newspapers” gives a clear insight into the methods of the modern daily and weekly journals. "Journalism is, in the wot els of the writer, no longer a profession, but a trade, the object of which is to buy paper at so much a pound and to sell it at a profit. Educational and other topics of national importance are ignored, and the space formerly reserved for editorials containing the unbiased opinions of the most able men is now filled out with glaring details of crime and scandals, or with the hollow doc trines of political factions to whom the editors are under obligations. " Per severance” and "Grundtvig's People's High Schools" are other articles of interest. The historical department is of the old standard and requires no further recommendation. Any one wishing to get a mental bird’s-eye view of that charming old city, Rome, should read the description of it in Tlic Thistle (England), in which the writer presents to our mind’s eye a picture of every historic edifice with its contents, at the same time acquainting us with the history and tra ditions connected with each. The article on “Student Duelling in German Universities,” aided by tin. cuts, in Student Life (Logan, Utah) gives a good description of a custom of which we all have heard so much, yet know so little. The writer, who has witnessed numerous duels, asserts that they differ from our barbarous way of settling disputes in so far as they are not attended bv any wranvj’ug and cursing. With the Germans it is not so much a matter of winning "i* defeating as it is merely a question of "honor.” As a matter of fact, the majority of duels arc not an outcome of personal insults, hut of the do-ire for sport, and take place between members of different social societies. The deplorable course of many college graduates is clearly pictured in "The Tale of the Tent Boss.” Some of the expressions used, however, while giving life to the subject, are not of the choicest kind. Where must the line be drawn between stories of adventure fit to be read and those which are not? To answer this question briefly is quite impossible, but The Riverriew Student (Poughkeepsie, X. Y.) unconsciously offers an example of each in the form of "A Detective, a Darkv. and a Donkey,” and "When Fortune Worked Both Ways,” which greatly aid in making the distinction. Of the two stories, the former is admissible. Though the villain be apparently successful at first. Fortune soon frowns on him and within a comparatively short time he finds himself in the clutches of the law, having fallen a victim to the well-laid plans of the detective. Reeve. “When Fortune Worked Both Ways,” on the other hand, can offer no apology for its presence. In this story a character relates, without a sign of remorse, how he, with his pal, after having committed a daring robbery, in which a bookkeeper is shot and killed, flees for the Canadian border; how. after being captured and confined in jail after barely escaping

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a lynching, lie receives outside aid and makes good his escape. A story having such a conclusion is not fit for a youth whose character is not yet developed to read, for it fails to conform with that principle in literature that a character having transgressed any portion of moral law must event ually atone for his crimes. Referring to criticisms, the exchange editor of The Miami Student (Ox ford, Ohio) says: ’’Seme (ex-editors) say that there arc not enough literary articles, others that literary articles ought to be excluded. Then, as to matter of jokes and kindred material, seme hold up their hands in holy horror at anything but a Bible story. What is a poor fellow to do under these circumstances?” Well, ‘‘under the circumstances” we would put onh criticisms under the heading of our column, instead of devoting six pages lo that "kindred material.” The statement that the literary column should be excluded is indeed absurd, in fact too absurd for con sideration. What ir i\ he the object in The Quarterly Tattler's (New York) method of arrangement in her exchange column? Short abstract criticisms alter nate with second-hand jokes until the supply either of criticisms or jokes is exhausted, when the editress adds a list of the remaining exchanges, with . to fill the column. Perhaps the editress chose this method their addn in order to hide those misplaced fragments of borrowed wit from the storm of criticism!

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()ur exchange list has received a valuable addition in the form of The O-el (Temple College, Philadelphia), now in the third month of its exist ence. The paper betrays no signs of still being in its infancy, and if the : taIT continues to be as zealous as it has been in the past the success of «hc paper is assured. The various departments arc well balanced, with ti. ‘ exception that loo much space is devoted to "College Notes.” "Mein lieber i-'ritz von Elsie” is a well written story and completely obscures "The Rag Man.” in which the main incidents are but hinted at. We read of "the curse" and "the fatal sapphire,” but are left entirely in the dark as to the train of incidents connecting them with the story. The athletic department contains an instructive article on "Exercise and Its Effects on Mind and Body.” It appears to us that it would be a good plan if athletic editors in general would devote a portion of their column to an article on athletics—giving, for instance, the benefits derived from a particu lar branch, or a history of it. etc.—instead of filling it with merely a chronological enumeration of athletic contests.

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ATHLETICS

With the game on Memorial Day the X. W. U. first nine closed their series of home games for this year. Although the Northwestern base ball enthusiasts probably expected to see their boys pocket a few more games than they did, they must bear in mind that the team was missing a well-trained pitcher. The whole team, not excepting the pitcher, worked hard, but the visitng teams were in every case save one victorious. Great was the enthusiasm of the local rooters on May 12 over the defeat of Marquette at the hands of our team. At the beginning of the game me could expect a close score, as but one tally was scored in the first three innings. The fourth seemed favorable to the Milwaukee boys when all the bases were covered, but Motzkus sprung a surprise on them by striking out the next three batters. In this inning Northwestern scored four runs and in the next Kowalke sent the ball over the right fielder's head for the only home run of the season. The seventh brought Mar quette’s first score on an error and the ninth another on two singles. Zeis ler played a star game. The final score was 11 to 2. The line-up follows: Home run—Kowalke. Stolen bases—Ncighorn (4), Pick, Woyalm, Wendland, Diehl, Zcislcr, Motzkus. Bases on balls—Off Devine, <>; <*lf Motzkus, 3. Struck out—By Devine, 6; by Motzkus, 13. Umpire—K. Sauer. Northwestern met with a second defeat on May 16, when Milton College carried off the game with a score of 8 to 5. The local team had the lead until the eighth inning, in which the opposing nine scored five runs. Two games a week seemed two much for Motzkus, who nevertheless did good Marquette— ab r h no a e X. W. U.— A15 R II 1*0 A E Pick, cf 51 1 o o 1 Wovahn, 2b. . 4 2 O 5 O 2 .Fitzgerald, 3b... 501232 Ncighorn. If .431010 Eckermann, If... 4 o 2 1 o 2 Luetke, cf.. .4 0 2 1OO Watt, 2b... 301141 Wendland, . .40 1 12 I O O’Brien, ss 3001 1 1 Kowalke, lb .5 2 2 410 Devine, p.. 400092 Diehl, 3b... .50 I 200 Talbot, rf. 300000 Zeislcr, ss.. •3 2 0 1 4 0 Romadka, lb.... 4 i 1 13 o 2 Motzkus, p. .2 1 O 2 14 O Pearce, c 30062 1 Probst. rf... .4 I OOOO Leonard 1 00000 Totals 35 11 7 27 21 2 Totals 35 2 6 24 19 12 work. Ncighorn, Northwestern’s left fielder, raised his standard by mak ing several “grand stand” catches. When Wovahn, Northwestern’s second baseman, opened the batting si

lllli 11 LACK AND RHP.

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against Lawrence with a three base hit the spectators were confident of a winning game for their team. ()ne tally was scored in this inning. Law rence, however, turned the tables in the third inning by scoring four runs through several costly errors. Motzkus of Northwestern was injured before the game, which accounts for most of Lawrence's hits. 'Phe nine errors of the locals also made scor ing easier for the visiting team. After the sixth inning Northwestern changed battery, placing YVendland in the box. 1 Ic did well, judging from the fact that this was his first experience at pitching. 'Phe outcome of the game was i i to 6 in favor of Lawrence. Earring the errors, our team played well. Kowalke and YVovahn have each a three and a two base hit in their favor. Koch, a new man, has the greatest number of hits in his favor. The last h-me game of the season ended with the score ro to 5 in favor of the Watertown city team. Again several errors, together with the strong arm of \Y. t< rt -wnT pitcher and the batting of the city team, brought about Northwestern's defeat. Probably the hardest and longest contest in the history of Northwestern was fought against the Whitewater Normals on June 9 at Whitewater. For thirteen i 1I1 teams stubbornly refused to allow a man to cross home Tin f nrle« :iih inning finally brought a tally for the Normals plate. through 1 hast- >.n balls and a beautiful drive over third. Doth pitchers threw spine i T . Motzkus striking out fifteen men to the Normal pitcher’s twenty and allowing' seven hits to the opponents’ six. One of the ; - 1 exciting games of the season was the contest between the third and first doors of Northwestern. Although the spectators were few. it was interesting to see them divided in two groups, one yelling for their friends from the ground floor, the other for their superiors both in position and in skill. “Hippos" of the third floor was a puzzle to our friends of the first floor, striking out nine men. Nevertheless some of the defeated lads afterwards pronounced him an "easy mark" had they only another chance at hatting. Another game of this kind will be played in the near future between the victors and the second floor. 4 4 4 4

SOCIETY

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The Lyceum and the Philcmathian Debating Societies closed their this year's work by giving a joint entertainment at the N. W. U. chapel May 19. with the following program: Bryant 1. Cornet Solo—“Triple N Polka" Paul Horn.

I'liii BLACK AND KlvD.

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Declamation—“To the Glory of the United States ........................ Walter 1 laasc. 3. Vocal Ouartette—“The Hoys of the Old Unmade ........................ J. Parks Prof. C. Bolle| E. A. Wendland, H. Anger, A. Eickmann. 4. Debate—“Resolved. That the United States Should Permanently Retain the Philippine Islands'*............................................... Lyceum. Positive Side—E. Guenther, G. Westerhaus, E. A. Wendland. Philomalhian, Negative Side—William Pankow, 11. Geiger. 11. Gaebler. ......... 11. Kdnig 5. String Quartette—“Eriihlingslicd"............. A. Schaller, A. Sauer, A. Sitz, W. Limpert. .Uhland 6. Declamation—“Des Stingers h'luch”.................................... William Eggerl. I lol/mann /• “Loveland-' X. W. U. Rand. The chief event of the evening was the debate between the two ^ ‘ch-ties. The positive side, representing the Lyceum, was victorious, winniu , ?w«> out of three points. Dr. Ott, Prof. Kuhn and Prof. William Not/ acted as judges. This entertainment finished up a successful year of hard work, and as more interest has been shown in this kind of literary work this year than in the preceding years, the prospects for forming even hotter soviet i nd for doing even more work in this line in canning years are very bright.

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—Paul Oehlert. ’05, Marlin Raasch. '03, Paul Lorenz, '04, and II. Prims, '04. who attend the Lutheran Seminary at Wauwatosa, were here May 11, for the concert of Northwestern University's band and orchestra. —Rev. Schlei of Montello paid his sen Gotthold, '00, a visit May j.(\ —Edwin Ilertler, Prep., and Rudolph Lcdcrer, Prep., walked to Oxonia May 26. —Edwin Sauer, ‘07, P. Zeisler, '09. G. Schlei, '09, and A. Pankow, ’09, visited the latter's home at Waterloo Mav 26. —R. Korn, '06, T. Albrecht, '07, and W.’Pankow, ’09, visited friends at Lebanon May 20. —W. Thrun. Prep., visited Rev. J. Gerike and family at Lebanon May 12. —Rev. II. C. Zarwell of Platteville visited his son Gerald, Prep., and Paul Kleinhammer, Prep.. April 30. —C. Bacrwald, Prep., accompanied by II. Marquardt, visited his parent.-* at Juneau May 23.

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—W. Limpert, Prep., went home to La Crosse May 26 to officiate as best man at the wedding of his sister. He returned May 30. —Rev. G. Stern from Reaver Dam visited his son Fred, ’07, May 15. —Mr. G. Polzin and his wife from Concord visited their son Robert, Prep., May 15. —R. Rreutzmann, 05, who is employed in a furniture store at Milwaukee, attended the concert May 11. —Mr. Zibell from Waterloo visited his son Albert, Prep., May 8. —A number of jolly rooters accompanied the Milton baseball team to Northwestern's campus to cheer them on to victory. • —A. Xuehlke. A. C. ’07. was at home in Juneau May 24. —P. Koehler, '09, visited friends at Helenville May 20. —Walter A. Rerglin, A. C., discontinued his studies June 1. He will go into business at Wausau. —C. Rrickmann, 09, went home to Caledonia, Minn., to attend the wedding of his brother. —()n May 1 1. at 8 p. m.. the hand and the orchestra of the N. W. U. gave their annual concert. It was well attended and the audience showed that it fully appreciated the program which was rendered. The barytone solo by 1C A. Wendland received the heartiest applause: he is doubtless a master of his instrument. As a number which also afforded extraordi nary pleasure to the listeners must be mentioned the selection of the vocal (juarieiie. composed of Prof. C. Rolle, E. A. Wendland. H. Anger, and A. Fickmann. —On Saturday. June 2, the band and military company marched to Lake Mills. They left Watertown at a. m. and arrived at Lake Mills at noon. In the afternoon a sham battle was given, the setting-up exercises and several platoon movements were taken through. In the evening the band gave an open air concert. Several selections were also rendered by a quartette consisting of Prof. C. Rolle, E. A. Wendland. ’06, Arnold Fickmann, oh, and Henry Auger, 07. On Sunday afternoon the band and company left for Watertown and arrived there at supper time. All report having had a very pleasant time. * * 4 * *

Northwestern Memorial Day. On Thursday. May 30, the first “Northwestern Memorial Day” in the history of our institution was celebrated, and despite the inclemency of the weather the number of visitors was quite large. In the morning it seemed as though rain would interfere with the day’s celebration, but the wind changed and it began to clear up. At about 9:30 a. m. the band and military company marched down to the North western station to welcome the Milwaukee guests. Owing to the fact

TlUi BLACK AND KHD

that it rained in Milwaukee shortly before the train was to leave, the num ber of excursionists was not so large as expected, but still about one hundred and fifty people came. The train arrived about forty-five min utes after schedule time and the visitors were escorted to the college grounds by the band and military company, where the forenoon program was rendered. The time was quite short before dinner, but still all the numbers were rendered. The program was begun with a selection by the ’varsity band. A song by the Milwaukee teachers’ choir followed and it was duly appreciated by the audience. Thereupon President A. I\ Krnst bade the visitors welcome and made a short address. He especially em phasized the fact that it is the good will and co-operation of the people of our congregations that is indispensable for the success of our institu tion. Several selections by the band followed, whereupon Rev. J. Jenny of Milwaukee delivered the oration of the day. After the short forenoon program was over and dinner was served, the visitors were taken through the new dormitory. The fine accommoda tions and conveniences of the building in general were highly praised. It was the first time that Milwaukee people had an opportunity of ring the building, as it was not completed when they were here for dedication exercises last fall. The afternoon brought more people, and especially citizens from Watertown. After the band concert, which took place irom i to 1145 p. m., the college campus was beginning to swarm with people, and toward the middle of the baseball game there were more people < n the campus than there have been for many years. The baseball game was one of the features of the day. Immediately after that was finished the sham battle began. It caused great excitement and rumor hath it that tears were shed for the wounded and fallen soldiers by some spectators. However, we would like to say that we'll not vouch for the truth of that report. After the sham battle the company went through some snappy drilling. The setting-up exercises and the manual of arms were taken through. After company drill people began to depart for home, and especially the Milwaukee visitors had to leave at once in order to get their train, which left at 5:30 p. m. Amid cheers and shouts the train pulled out, the varsity giving the Milwaukee people three cheers, followed by the college yell.

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Avis dem Semir\^rleben • ,r

Wauwatosa, Wis., den 4. Juni 1906. Die Abiturientenklassc ist seit dem 25. Mai von den Yorlesungen entschuldigt.

TUB BLACK AND KliU.

An. deni A us Huge nach Watertown beteiligtcn sicli leider nur wenige Studcnten. Am 31. Mai liatte die Vcrteilungskommission Sitzung. Die Herrcn der Abgangskdasse batten an dicsem Nachmittage das Arbciten vergessen. Sie sassen still und in Gcdanken auf ihren Zimmern. Welches Arbeitsfeld barrl nieiner. wird wohl jedcr gedacht haben. Diese Frage lasst sich. vicllciclit nachsten llcrbst besser bcantvvorten. Herr Aug. Iiartz. Student der Theologie in Springfield, besuchte am 2. I uni seine ali en Freundc und I'ekannte. Am 2. Juni stattete Herr W. Schlueter Freunden einen Besuch ab. *

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CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —1 uni jinn. —Z -11: “Have you a nickel in your pocket?” Hones: “No. but; I’ve got a fish-hook.” —Xcoi: “I 1 ! it’s colder today than it's warm.” — Heard in ti ■.la-;>room : “'Hie murderer was doffed from his throne.” — Frol".: a-.e stars which are invisible at the foot of a mountain often visible at the lop?” M - ps: ' I he si »r may be on the other side of the mountain.” —Sh--y: "i've got that loose, climbing up the fire escape.” (Tch habe das los.) —V - p: "Do Indians have their large toes on the outside?” —Spitz: “Were you on the program for the concert?” K----t: “No, hut I'm going to give a typewriting solo next year.” —Sell—fer: (heini L’bersetzen) „lch werde mit meiner Axt ein sehr grosses Schiff bauen.” —Stranger: “Have they arranged a program for Decoration Day?” Zc -1: “Yes. they’re going to have a charivari (sham battle) on the campus." —Tuff: “I swung hard at one of those slow balls. I would have hit it, but I missed it.” —Hr - - - er: “What was the score between Beloit and Lawrence?” Cli - - ky:

“ 11 to 1.’’

I>r----er: “Miltons favor ?” —Fete (explaining commands): “Never shoot before loading your rifle." —Russico: “T - - pel, hurry up and go, or I’ll help you with my light fan tastic toe.” —Of a sudden M - - nie discontinued his visits to Green Street and since

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then the postoffice department has put an extra man on the local force to care for the Wausau mail. —Sell — cher: „Die Sonne-ging untcr, wahrend cs noch frith am Tagc war. " —Prof.What happened in the year 1492?” Gallus, To: “Columbus crossed the Delaware." —Student: "l fell in the river yesterday." Pccn (anxiously): “Did you get wet?" —M - - her (reading): “One thing continually dined (dinned) in his ears.” —Prof.: "What English word is derived from skedannymi?" H - s -1: “Skidco." —Some one (at the sham battle) : ,.ls hei dot?” —After the sham battle Zelly and Scoi were heard singing with ovat feeling, “Just Break the News to Ma." —Hank: “That left fielder was so glad he caught the ball that I > ran home and wrote a letter to himself." —Two new books were published this month. “The Budget of SrK by Piscator, and “The Art of Knocking," by several persons found ■ \ the sidelines at baseball games. Both may be had for the asking. —M-x: “Acorn took a bath with shaving soap at 12 o’clock last m hi.” —Lost: Several pounds of avoirdupois on the march to Lake .Mills. —Found: By Acorn, a valuable pearl which Inch lost on Main Si reef some time ago. —The contributor of the following poem is unknown, but as TuiT i - in the right mood just now suspicion rests on him. Four jolly good sailers arc we, are we ! And merry we ride o’er the sea, the sea! (The Rock River.) In our ships gaily singing, For nearer we’re bringing Our homes and all we hold true. .So sing, boys, merrily sing, Sing of our sweethearts so dear.

Clothes of Distinction Wc’ro suro wo'ro n»t putting it t<> strong when we say tliat our kind of Clothes are Clothes of "distinction.” The garments are certainly very different from the ordinary Ready to Wear Clothing you meet at every turn.

Our Clothing Has Character it comes from Hart SchaiTner & Marx the best makers kn iwn to the trade. The label of II. S. <& M. is a guarantee of nut. only latest in style, lint strictly all, wool, no mer cerized cotton. Our handsome Soring Suits, our choice Top Coats cannot ho excelled. Please call and let ns show yon the latest in Clothing and Haberdashery. Clothiers and Furnishers

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DR, E. J. HOERMANN DENTIST Office Houks: 8.31 to 12 A. M.—t to 6 1*. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

106 First Street. Next to City Hall

New Furniture assumes a special prominence. If you are not satisfied with your furniture call on Nowack & Kohls, 610 Main street where you will sec the most complete line in the city and the prices will surely please, as they will be found as 1 >\v as the lowest. A larje consifntnert of Couches, Rockrrs and Centre Tables, Dining Room Tables, 8 d. b -arcs, lied Room Sets and Iron bedsteads in profusion in all the prevailing styles.

NEW FURNITURE NOWACK & KOHLS,

Undertakers, Embalmers, and Funeral Directors

| College and Class Caps

YOU ALL KNOW THE PLACE

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WE KEEP THE BEST •S-.

FRUIT IN TOWN.

KicbarcU=BetbUe

Wish to announce that they have just received a complete supply of strings. We carry all grades and get a new supply every month, thus enabling us to keep a fresh supply on hand all the lime. We make a specialty of special tested strings, which we offer at greatly reduced prices to student.

GAMM'S

RELIABLE DRUG STORE

Is Next to Postofficc. Everything Pure, Fresh and Up«to>l)atc.

A LARGE LINE OF CIGARS f27"“Your Patronage Respectfully Solicited.

---- TRY------

Wiggenhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OUT CIGAR.

Are Great Producers or College Loyality and Class Spirit. The best Colleges in lit * country wear them. Pettlbone makes them. No.:tii-English Eton Cap. of all wool llannel. colors, oer do/.en. $]0.o0. No. 2(»7 Same as No. Y<V>. lmt made ol good qualltycloth. per Dowt. $IH.rih. _ Send for our handsome Cataht iue No 31 < il lustrating and describing uniforms. Caps. Ox lord Cans stud g nvns. Pennants, Flags, cia-s Pins. Cadet Equipments and Novelties. Etc. College necessities and Sundries. Noveltv catalogue •■Something lor Everybody ’free The Pleasant View Cadet*” a College Story. Free.

the Pettlbone Bros. ItWa. go. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

For Style, Fit

and Economy WEAR

Leo210Hueselft Shoes West §V8ain. V-

Ben Rieck

PROPRIETOR OF T11E

Slew East End Barbershop Gorder Block. 604 Main Street H WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN

•II

Give us a Trial Those who have given ourprinting a trial have been pleased and grati fied. Some of our customers say it is the best printing done in the city—the best they have every re ceived. We strive hard to pro duct' printing of the better quality and have confidence in the ability of the buying Public to Judge and its willingness to appreciate. Send us a trial order.

Watertown Pub. Co. 106 Main St.

Phone 89-3.

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YOU CAN ALWAYS 1 Steam CaundrC GET THE NEWEST HERE,.. I

WATERTOWN

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| 21S FIRST ST.

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nuttier if it’s Hals, Shirts N°Collars, Ties or a new Spring Suit you are looking for, you can always find the correct things here, and a big lot to choose from too. Our Second Floor is a great place for men and boys. Come in—let us show you.

SCHHYIPF BROS. CO., The Big Ctxsh Store.

| Only first-class work done. | |

G. J. SPRAGUE, Prop.

JPECKE \ GP?| DEALERS IN

Fruits, Staple and Fancy Groceries.

Robert Ceopolcl Successor to C. E. HF.YN. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY AND CONFECTIONARY.

Dealer in MINNESOTA FLOUR 217 North Second Street

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

SEAGER’S

(barber Shop ana Datb Rooms 108 MAIN STREET

All goods delivered promptly to all parts of the city free of charge.

5 Baths for $1.00 J. C. SEAGER. Prop

slny Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective ly when his feet are comfortable. Now we can fit vour feet a thousand times better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago—-and you’ll save from two to four dollars. Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

606-603 Main St.

JUST ARRIVED A now line of Midsummer styles in SOFTANDSTIFF HATS. Also one of the most complete lines of colored HAT BANDS ever shown by any one firm in the city. Our display of Straw Hats in Panama and sailors is the largest and best we have shown in years. We have received yesterday a large line of Negligee Shirts with collars attached in White and tan which we will offer at $1.00 each. This is absolutely one of the best bargains ever offered.

A call will convince you.

Wegemann &> Weber Phone 823

217 Main. 106 Third St. F’RSTand SECOND FLOOR..

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Photos ...GO TO...

Watertown Photo Co.,

M. .1

W.M. Bl! Oil UK IT,

WODD.MUI.

Vice-President.

President.

li.J. HU A NOT.

F. K. WODDAUl),

Cashier.

2 Vice-President.

BP(0F MTERTOWP INCORPORATED MAY 1. 1854

DONNER GALLERY Special Rates wade to Students.

DIEGES & GLUST

!.• ' ...

••If we made it, it’s right”

WHY PAY $5.oc

Official Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations.

2S*

WATCIIBS, CLASS PINS, FRATERNITY FINS, DIAMONDS’, vlEDALS. CUPS, Etc.. JEWELRY :

SAFTY

RAZOR

NEW Y0^;<

WHEN YOU CAN HUY

Schlueter Bros'.

THE“EVER READY”

MERCHANT

WITH 7 BLADES

25 JOHN'S ST.

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TO CENT CIGAR AND ■>,

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FOR SI AT

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105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

U)m. G. Pritzlaff $ So. 307 Ma.irv Street.

Dr. A. J. Schlueter

DR. T. F. SHINNICK

DENTIST

Office Hovirs. 8 to 11 a. m. 2 to 6 and 7 to 8 p. m.

Office 115 MAIN Phone 59-2 313 Alain Street Over Gruetzmacher’s Store.

Watertown, WIs.

Residence, 208 N. 5th St. Phone 138-2.

IK YOU WISH anything that a good drug* store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be rig)it, too.

III3, Selpipf Dilip Co. Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals.

F. W KURZWEG

Radtke & Son MANUFACTURE OF

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. Phone 532 117 West Main St.

OTTO HE YIN

BIBLES. SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IX GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. •409 Main Street.

;

Salick & Son Fine Boots, Shoes Jos.Jewelers and Opticians and Rubbers DEALER IN

Please Give Us a Trial. We Trv to Give Satisfaction.

Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eves Tested Free.

402 Main Street.

Baseball and Sporting Goods

The Largest Assortment of

i and 3 Main Street.

Kodacks and Photo jrat Die

The August Gamm

Supplies at

KN1CK BROS. H5 Third St.

Watertown, H is.

FIRE INSURANCE FRED GAMM WATERTOWN, Sole Importers of the Celebrated ROXHEIMER Rhine Wine

Watertown. Wis.

WISCONSIN.

Crockery and Glassware Go.

—Dealers inLamps Glassware Ci ockery Stone Ware Bar Goods Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

JJ.Toussaiiit&Son 8 Main Street

Watertowr, W

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Wholesale Wines and Liquors

: 5

For the best Photos

l“D. J. riitchell” 10 Cent Cigar, Semper Idem Clear Havana Filler .Genuine Sumatra Wrapper

> * ■

“Sea Rose” “The Sose that all are Prais ing. j

“Middle West” ;•

The Pride of the Empire” The above cigars aroguaranteed to he always as good as tobacco grows by NEUMANN & KRUEGER, j Manufacturers, 119 N. 2nd St

GO TO

Jit Wright’s Ground floor Gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

Ul. D. Sproesser Co. « * jewelers * * PIANOS AND ORGANS j-

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Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Street.

WATERTOWN WIS.

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STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS . . . - Buchhelt Block;.

of all kinds in Season. Good tilings to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

AUG. WIG9ENK0RN JEWELER 13 Main Street. Students Patronize Our Advertisers.

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Che Black and Red. VoLOME X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, September, 1906.

LITERARY

Rat. Haste ninmicr mil dor Wahrheit! Rringt sic* Leid, niclit bringt sic Reue; Docli wcil Wahrheit eine Perle, Wirf sic auch niclit vor die Sane. Mute edelsten Gemiites 1st die Kiicksicht: doch zu Zeitcn Sind erfrischend wic Gewitter (loldne Riicksichtslosigkeiten. Wacker heiniatlicher Grobheit Setzc deine Stirn entgegen: Artigen I -cutseligkeiten liche schweigend aus den Wegen. Wo zum Weibe (lit niclit die Tochter Wagen wiirdest zu begchrcn, Malle dich zu wert. uni gastlich Zu (lent Hause zu verkehren. Was du nimmer kannst, zu werden, Arbeit scheue niclit und Wachen; Alter halte deine Seele Vor dent Carriere-Machen. â&#x20AC;&#x201D;St.

Number 4

102

rtUi BLACK AND KKD

W ellington or Blviecher?

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Wellington or Blucher? The question, though seemingly vague, re quires no explanation. The very words will recall conceptions of lime, occasion, and parties involved to which it refers. For to every school-boy, though he have but a hazy idea of foreign history in general, are familiar the names Napoleon, Wellington, Blucher,—Waterloo, or, as it is more properly called. La Belle Alliance. In mv humble endeavor to come to a decision for my own satisfaction and, as is to be hoped, to the satisfaction of at least a few who may deign to peruse these lines, I shall refrain not only from relating what took place during those memorable days of June, 1815, which would lead too far, but also from offering anything purporting to be a strategical view of the whole situation, a task far beyond my ability. Furthermore, both have been so numerously and ably discussed that any further effort in either direction could result in little better than plagiarism. To whom belongs the credit, however, of having saved Europe from another era of tyranny and op pression, appears to have remained a mooted question in spite of tlu* fact that some of our best historians have sought to decide it, thus lcavin j it open to each insignificant mortal to form a conclusion for himself. These venerable men, one and all, while perhaps compiling their works wiih m intention of remaining purely objective throughout, have almost invan «sh allowed national pride and prejudice to predominate. It is necessary. - refore, when consulting these works and using them as sources of inf :na tion to insulate one's self from the currents of partiality emanating there from, however difficult this may prove to be. Without a doubt no two men could have been chosen from the number of illustrious generals of the stirring Napoleonic period more able to v.»pe with the wily strategist and demigod of the French people than Wellington and Blucher. In regard to their characters they were men of entirely dif ferent types, not possessing a single trait in common. They represent, in fact, the two classes into which all the military artists of the past can be divided, and it seems nothing short of an act of Providence that these types should have been chosen to check the victorious progress of this one man who threatened again to bring all Europe supplicating to his feet,—Na poleon. It required a calm, cautious, and prudent Wellington to occupy the elevation of Alont St. Jean and maintain it for nine long hours against the steady and persistent assaults of a force numerically superior to his. It required on the other hand a man with daring and impetuosity, a man with bulldog tenacity as only Blucher possessed it, to make with his ex hausted troops that terrible march from Wavre to La Belle Alliance and arrive in time to save the English and deal the French their death-blow. Though constantly moving in perfect harmony, neither could have taken the place of the other and been successful.

mil BLACK AM) RED.

103

Of the courage displayed by the British troops in their repeated re pulsions of the French there need little he said. They played their parts nobly and well, a fact which even the most biased of Germans are forced to admit. Less apparent, however, is the part contributed by the Prussians toward the final defeat of Napoleon. Those who seek to diminish the im portance of the assistance rendered by them commonly point to the apparent inability of I Hitcher to cope with Napoleon at Ligny, betraying thereby, however, a total ignorance of the facts pertaining thereto. Blucher and Gn. isenau would never have attacked the French had they not relied on reinforcements which Wellington had solemnly promised to send them. For this reason the Prussians had not taken the precaution of covering their right wing, having intended that the English on their arrival should occupy a position there. Their failure to arrive having left this wing un protected. the French soon came into possession of this key, which event ually made them masters of the situation. Though Wellington without a doubt made his promise of support in good faith, he appears to have felt hut little sorrow over his inability to fulfill it. What was it to him that the Prussians had suffered a defeat as long as it fared well with the English? "We have been successful, the Prussians have been defeated,” he is said contimiaih to have exclaimed with apparent satisfaction on being informed of the defeat of his allies, never stopping to consider that it had required nothing hut the appearance of the promised reinforcements to decide the battle at l.igny and that it had been only the willing sacrifice of the Prus sians that had made it possible for him to give battle at Quatre liras. Pe culiarly enough Wellington made no effort to defend himself in regard to the nnji- fulfillment of his promise when attacked by Clausewitz. Mad (Inei e ;m after the battle of Ligny fell the same indifference toward the EnglLli that Wellington manifested toward the Prussians, there would now he little controversy, perhaps, whether Wellington was capable of re pulsing the French single-handed at Mont St. Jean or not. For in that case it w< uld not have been at all improbable for Gneisenau to have left the English to their fate and strike the nearest palh for his fatherland, a movement which Napoleon at first even suspected the Prussians of making. Though such temptations may have arisen in him .he soon suppressed them, and no sooner had the ranks been reformed than he started them back on the road to La Belle Alliance, being conscious that this movement would meet with the approval of the exhausted marshal, whose affection for Wel lington appears not to have been diminished. Meanwhile Wellington had expressed his willingness in response to a message from Blucher to accept battle in case be might depend on reinforcements to the number of 25,000. To this the veteran replied that he would surely come, and if possible with his whole army, and we all know how well he fulfilled his promise. On this incident hinges the whole solution concerning the victory of the battle of La Belle Alliance. It proves the absurdity of the supposition that Wellington would have won without the aid of Blucher. when as a

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.5 i . 1 .

104*

matter of fact the battle of La Belle Alliance would never have been fought had not Wellington been assured of the assistance of the allies. The forces that were opposing Napoleon were not composed of two separate armies, each working for its individual benefit, but together formed one army, the English composing one wing and the Prussians the other. When this fact has been clearly realized it should dawn on any reasonable individual that neither Wellington nor Bliichcr was the victor, and that their achievements should be weighed against one another, but Wellington and Bliicher, the “Iron Duke" and "Marshal Yorwarts."

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Che Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF. IIENKY .1 DIEHL, 07

EDITOR-IN CHIEF BUSINESS MANAGERS.

GEORGE N LUKTKE, 07 GUS I'.W NY ESTER 11 U’S. ’oS

BUSINESS MANAGER ASST. BUSINESS MANAGER DHPARTAIBNT EDITORS.

EDWIN S Xl’KK. •;-7 SIGMUND PR' »RS I 'I EDGAR GUI \ rilEK ' A DAI.HER I SUI1 M.LER '<.7 ERWIN KOWNLKl s

ATHLETIC EDITOR. SOCIETY EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contribution-, to die i' Literary D.-pinm vil are re lueste 1 fr »•» alu’mi an I un Icrgraduates. All literary mailer I.-nsM I a Mressed to die E<litor-iii-Cliief an.I all business communications to the Business M inatrer. I II. njidon are7; cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, to cents. Stamps not a I ", ,.avmeat. Notify us if you wish your a l.lresscliangeJ or your paper discontinued. The BIucK and Rod - forwar.ie I toall subscribers until order for its discontinuation is received and until all arre.ira j aid. I. r .11 e .■( Watertown. Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

flic happy vacation days are over and we are back again for another year of hard work. It seems mighty strange to us for the first to find many familiar faces missing and to notice that many of our friends whom we were wont to greet so heartily have not returned. Strange faces are to he found everywhere, now and then some little homesick fellow can he seen sitting in some secluded corner thinking of home and mother, whereas others are out on the campus, enjoying themselves and feeling perfectly at home. llut we must not get the idea that college life is all pleasure. There is another and more serious side to it. We are sent to college to study, to make good use of our time, and to gather a store of knowledge that will enable us to brave the storms of future life. It is. therefore, or at least ought to be. every student's earnest endeavor to make the best po«IOf

TUB BLACK AND KBD

106

sible use of his time and to get as much out of his years at college as he possibly can. Let us, therefore, commence studying with renewed vigor and energy and keep it up during the whole year. Now is the time to work and then, at the end of the year, we can look back upon the time that has elapsed with perfect satisfaction and with the pleasant feeling that we have done our duty. Let us always remember that “all beginnings are difficult," but that “where there is a will there is a way." And now, fellow-students, let; not your ardor grow cold, but continue in the same spirit with which you have begun to work, and your work cannot but be crowned with success. ■! *

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The fact has always been and always will remain that there are poor people. Go to what country you will, and you'll find penury. Many have proposed means by which they thought to overcome the great barrier existing between the poor and rich. But all endeavors, be they ever so good, will and must fail, since few are for lending a helping hand, and the rich cling in their accumulated wealth with a tenacity not to be equaled. Generally the opinion prevails that wealth ought not to be distributed as it now is,but opinions how it ought to be distributed differ wi lelv. Inregard to this question an article by T. X. Carver in the “Atlantic Monthly" gives us the three fundamental theories that men operate with when treating this question. The first theory is the aristocratic theory, the theory “that the good things of the world belong more particularly to certain groups or classes than to others, by virtue of some circumstance connected with their birth cr heredity, and independently of their individual achievements. The second theory is the socialistic, that wealth ought to be distributed according to needs, or according to some similar. plan arranged beforehand, and independently of the individual’s ability to acquire wealth in the rough-and-ready struggle of life. The third theory is the liberalistic theory, that wealth ought to be distributed according to productivity, usefulness, or worth." Discussing the first theory, he says that the justification or condemnation of the aristocratic theory must depend upon its results. That one person assumes by accident of birth the accu mulations of the past is very aristocratic, and, viewed in the light of our times, is odious and wrong. He says “that the social problem of the future is to work out a system under which all the people may live on a high level, without oppression, each one remaining the master of himself." But such a result has and never will be achieved. Speaking of the socialistic theory, the writer says that it is an appeal to the force of the law: it proposes that men shall consume wealth accordDistribution of Wealth.

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TUB BLACK AND KEL).

107

ing to tlicir needs, not because they want to do so, but because the law allows it. Iiut the question naturally presents itself: How much does each individual need? The answer is that it is left to each one to tell how much he needs. Even here great difficulties would be encountered and plutocrats of unheard-of needs might still exist. The liberalistic theory “puts every one upon his merits.” This would force thousands into poverty on account of the inequality of conditions and talents. In. order to establish a harmony of interests “the absolute frcedi m to pursue self-interest in all serviceable ways and absolute necessity of suppressing harmful methods of pursuing self-interest” must be had. ITider this system, thus safeguarded, the tendency will be for every one to get about what he is worth. But the full realization of this theory again remains an ideal, which, if it could be fully realized, would secure the highest possible well-being of society. In conclusion we must say that attempts to legislate the “aristocratic distribution” out of existence runs counter to English ideas of equity as yet: that we have little sympathy for “socialistic distribution,” for our civilization L higher ideals than that of simply filling each man’s dinner pail; and ii die “liberalistic theory” will hardly do for a world where social coiuvcii:‘Us arc of such importance. .* .* .* * Movement Ever since beer was first introduced into Germany by Against Alcohol die Kelts, the Germans have been known as a nation in Germany. that consumes a large amount of this liquor annually. But the harmful effects which the alcohol contained in beer and other alcoholic drinks has on him who imbibes them regularly or a large amount of them at a time, were not known to the great mass until of late. As long as alcoholic liquors have existed there have always been a few men who saw the danger in them and looked to it that prohibitive laws were passed. As an example the prohibition law in China may be mentioned, which goes back to the year 1120 before Christ. It was issued by Emperor Wu Wang and in it he says that anyone who meets a number of friends at a drinking-bout might kill them. Even now that famous specialists for diseases of the nervous system and the brain have proved, through continued experiments, that an exceed ingly large amount of the physical and mental wrecks of humanity in the hospitals and insane asylums are the victims of alcohol, the people of Ger many in general have not come to recognize the evil that lurks in their daily mug of beer or wine. From childhood the Germans are taught to relish beer. We Amer-

10S

TUB BLACK AND KBD

icans hardly know to what an extent this habit is spread in our mother country. Within the last few years a society has been formed in Germany which makes it its object to teach the people of all classes how harmful all alcoholic liquors are for mankind. To bring about this they hold annual meetings, at which famous specialists lecture on the effects which alcohol has on the different organs of the body. Upon the request of many who could not attend the lectures these were published. They contain very much that every one should know. In one of the lectures it is stated that Germany spends three billion marks for beer and other preparations containing alcohol every year. The lecturer also speaks of the amount of beer drunk by pupils in higher schools. A professor in Heidelberg is reported as saying that there were only three members in a certain Sexta, a class of eighty, who did not receive beer or wine daily. A tutor of a gymnasium in Leipzig noticed that his scholars made so many mistakes in their solutions of arithmetic problems on every Monday morning, and upon investigating he found that twenty-eight out of thirty scholars drank beer on Sunday. In short, a specialist of nervous diseases complains in his lecture that at their higher schools of learning the tempera!, use of alcohol is permitted, the intemperate use of it practiced, Other doctors of high reputation said that the daily consumption of even a small amount does not agree with sound hygienic principles. It would take up to., much space to show how these lecturers explained the effects alcohol lias on our organic system. Two things may yet be mentioned which >me of our readers might find worth thinking about and taking to bean. One is that from 20—40 per cent of the patients in insane asylums have been found to be victims of alcohol. The other, asserted by a specialist, that drunkenness must he looked upon as an acute poisoning of the outer circle of the brain, combined with a passing derangement of the mind.

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Die Kunst des Vorlesens als Bildungsmittel.

(Vortrag gehalten bei der Alumnisitzung am I9. Juni, 1900, von O. Hagedorn, ’91. Fur den Druck erweitert und im August d. J. in der Zeitschrift „\Vas und Wie" veroffentlieht.) Einem bei Alumnisitzungen ublichen Gebrauche gemass erlaube ich mir, meinen Vortrag mit der Erklarung einzuleiten, dass ich sehr wenig Zeit hatte, micli vorzubereiten. Dass ich iiberhaupt cinen Vortrag halte, ist eine Ironic des Schicksals. Als der Verein vor einigen Jahren ein literarisches Komitee schuf mit der Bestimmung, dass dies Komitee unter alien Umstanden fur Vortrage zu sorgen habe, ja, wenn es nicht anders

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ginge, selber den Yortrag lie fern mfisse, war ich nicht wcnig stolz darauf, dicsen grossartigcn Gedankcn sclbcr ausgehcckt zu baben. Als der Verein dann soglcich in Anerkcnnung nieincs Verdienstes micli zum Vorsitzer dcs Komitccs ernannte, liatte ich zwar, wcnn ich wcniger arglos, um nicht zu sagcn leichtsinnig angclegt ware, schon ctwas ahnen konnen. Abcr erst als der President dcs Vcreins vor etwa eincr VVoclie kraft seines Amtes fragte, wie cs mil dem diesjahrigen Yortrage stehe, und icli mich mit deni hesten W'illen nicht entsinnen konnte, irgend jemand gebeten, geschweige denn gewonnen zu baben, den Vortrag zu liefern. kam mir das seit Jahrcn uber mir schwcbendc \ erhangnis zum Bewusstscin. Es ist also gewisserniassen cine Sirafarbcil. welchc ich hiemit vorlege.— Audi die Art ind Weise. i.i wclcher ich sic vorlegen muss, bedarf eincr Entschuldigung. /.war babe ich vermiUelst meines Blickcnsdcrfcrs, den ich, nebenbei gesagt, alien llerren Koniilitonen fur almliche Zwangslagen empfehlen moclitc, den Yortrag schnell genug zu Papier gebracht, babe abcr seither keine Zeit gefunden, midi wieder damil zu bcschafligcn, und sehe mich daher gezwungen, dm einfach, wie man so zu sagcn pflcgt, vorzulescn. Pass ich mich auf das Yorlescn bcschninken muss, ist mir um so peiuliehcr. :d- ich zum Gegenstand meines Vortrags ..Die Kunst dcs Voriesens’* gcw.dib hahe. Einc Abhandlung fiber cinen solchen Gegenstand sollte cigeiuh-’i) hesonders kunstgcrecht vorgelesen, mit anderen Worlcn, frei vorgeira eu werden: und wcnn man dies nicht kann, so bedarf das eincr doppe’.e ; IJitle um Enlschuldigung, die ich hiemit ausgesprochen baben nnVhte. (‘enaia : ;:ei mein Tlicma: „Dic Kunst dcs Vorlcscns als Bildungsniittcl." l)a beim ' "Hesen zwei beteiligt sind, namlich der \Torleser selbst und der Zuhdrer, <t i uilt sicli meiiie Abhandlung naturgemass in zwei Tcile. Xicht nur au> i Idllichkcit gegen den Horer, sondern besonders der Steigerung wegeu. stelle ich den Horer voran und suche zunachst nachzuweisen. welchen Wert das \ orlcsen als Bildungsmittel fiir den Horer hat. Da wir uns wolil alle dariiber einig sind, dass gute Literatim ein grosses Bildungsmittel ist, und dass sie ihren bildenden Einfluss nur dann wirklich ausiiben. nur dann das Wissen des Menschen bereichern, sein 1'mpfmden, seinen Gesclimack, sein Denken, seine Sprache, seine Ausdrucks- und I'mgangsweise ausbilden hclfen kann, wenn man sie nicht nur im Schranke, sondern aucli im Kopfe hat, wenn man unsere grossen Dichter und ilire Werke nicht nur dem Xamen nach kennt, sondern sie sicli wirklich zu eigen niaclit, so beschranke ich mich darauf. naclizuweisen, dass das Yorlescn das Hauptmittel zur Einfuhrung in die Lite ratim ist. Auf die Erage: wie kann man die Literatim am besten kennen lernen? wfirde man im Altertum, als die Biichcr noch rar waren, so fort geantwortet baben: Mann muss sie sicli vorlcsen lassen. Ileute wird man meistens

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ebcnso prompt antworten: Man muss sic sicli anschaffen unci lesen. So vcrschicden diese bciden Antworten lauten, so verscliieden ist aucb dcr Erfolg dcr beiden darin vorgeschlagenen Mctbodcn. YVcr ini Altcrtum eincn Bildungstrieb verspiirtc. licss sicli die Wcrkc dcr Dicbtcr vorlcsen und batte wirklieb Nutzen davon. Mcute sebafft man sicli die Bucher sclber an, versuebt wobl cinmal darin zu lesen, stcllt sic aber wieder enttauscht in den Scbrank zuriick, urn nacli wie vor seinen Geist an billigerem Stoff auszubilden: billiger, niclit in deni Sinne. class es weniger Geld kostet, sondern in deni Sinne, dass es weniger Geist gekostet bat. diese Saclien zu sebreiben und weniger Geist kostet, sie zu lesen. Man wiircle aber den Lenten unreebt tun, wenn man bieraus oline weiteres folgern wiirde, sie seien fur wabre Pocsie niclit empfanglich! Der Mangel liegt zunachst nur darin, dass sie niclit lesen kbnnen. Leicbte Gescbicbten, die weniger den Geist als vielmebr die Sinne in Ansprucb nelimen, Xeuigkeiten aus der Zcitung, odcr Dinge, fur die man gerade ein besonders lnteresse bat, kann freilicb jeder lesen. Aber wirklieb gute Literatur, die aus der Tiefe eines grossen und sebdnen Geistes heraiis gesebrieben ist, deren Inhalt niclit auf dcr Oberllacbe sebwimnu. dcren Worte eincn tieferen und grosseren Sinn baben als ini gcwdbnlicben i .eben â&#x20AC;&#x201D;solclie Literatur wirklieb zu lesen, d. h. die darin verborgenen Lmpfindungen, Vorstellungen und Gcdanken cles Dicbters aus den kalteu, loten Bucbstaben bcrauszulesen. das ist cine Kunst, die nur wenige vorsieben. Dass das Volk gute Literatur niclit mil Ycrstandnis und (ienuss lesen kann, sollte man ilini niclit ziim Vorwurf niacben. Eigentlicb ist die Literatur liberbaupt niclit dazu cla, dass sie gelesen wircl. Xebmen sie cinmal ein Musikstiick in die Hand und lesen Sie es durcb. Yielleicht baben Sie soviel musikaliscbe Bilclung, class Sie sicli das, was Sie da vor sicli sclien, einig'crmrssen vorstellen konnen. Aber wenn Sie niclit ein ganz besonderes musikaliscbes Wunderticr sincl, so kann von einem wirklicben musikaliscben Gcnuss nocli keine Rede sein, so lange Sie sicli auf das Lesen beschranken. Es sincl und bleiben tote Zcicben. die Sie da vor sicli selien. Xun geben sie es aber einen guten Spieler und lassen Sie es sicli vorspielen. Da werden alle die toten Zcicben lebendig, cla breeben die Tone liervor aus iliren Fesseln, da linden die Geclanken cles Tondicbters ibren naturlicben Ausdruck, da entstebt der musikaliscbe Genuss. Dass Sie vorliin beim blossen Lesen niclit denselben Genuss batten, dart" man Ilinen niclit als Mangel an musikaliscbem Enipfinclen auslegen. Sie baben nur die Kunst cles Musiklesens niclit geniigend gclernt. Und Sie kbnnen sicli damit trosten, class die Musjk niclit cla ist. um gesebrieben und gelesen. sondern um gespiclt, gesungen und geliort zu werden. Aebnlicb stelit es mit der Literatur. Dass der Dicbtcr zur Feeler greift und seine Geclanken aufsell reibt, ist nur ein Xotbehelf, ein kiinstliclies Ersatzmitlcl. welches den naturlicben Ausdruck nur in geringem Grade ersetzen kann. Das naturliebe Ausdrucksmittel ist die lebendige

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Rede. Zum Re ’en gchort al;er vieles. was sich auf deni Papier nidit atisdriicken iassl. Da ist zunachst die erste und natiirlichste Sprache dcs lMcnsdien, die (leberdenspradic. Als Kain ergrimmte, setzte er sidi nidit hin und schricb seine (iedanken auf; cs wird nidit einmal bericlitet, dass er viel redete; aber er driickte seinen ITnniut in tier iinmissverstandlichsten Weise aus. indeni cr ..seine (Icberden vcrstellte." Als David sidi freute, da blip fie und tanzte er. Als tier Zbllner Bussc tat, da ncigte cr sein Maupt, blickte zur Krde, selling an seine Brust. Dies ist die erste und natiirlidiste Sprache ties Menschen. Das Kind spricht sic, lange die cs ein Wort redet. Ls ist eine Spracbc, die jeder kennt und versteht, die an alien ()rien und zu alien Zciten dieselbe bleibt, obne die aucli das gcsproebene Wort oft seinen Zweck nidit erreiebt. Dazu kommt dann uocli die Siimnie mil iliren mannigfaltigen Farbungcn: dcr Zornigc grollt, poltert, lobl, sdin it; der Frohliche jubelt, singt, lacht; tier Traurige klagt, seufzt und ueim. Allcs dies sielit und bdrt man nidit bcim blossen Lesen. Daruni i-i das Lesen filter Literatur eine so grosse Kunst, dass nur wenige, sdbst miter den (-ehildclcn. sie vollig beberrsdien. Daruni haben die alien Lritchen, die sidi ibre Literatur vorlcscn liessen, ilire Dicbtcr besser gek-mni, als wir die unsrigen kennen, die wir immer im Begriffe sind, sie /'u i - u und nie clazu komnieii. weil es tins zu lastig ist. Daruni gilt es \(.n der 111. Sclirifl, obwolil wir sie gewiss fleissig lesen sollen. da>' >L ibre Kraft dann am machtigstcn erweist, weim sie vorgelesen, g» : . gepredigt wird. Der (ilaube kommt aus der Predigt, also au> esjirodieuen Wort das gait nidit nur im Altertum. als es v eni • 1 *i11.• l ;:b. das gilt aucli in unsereni Zeitalter, wo jeder lesen kann, und doeb ' -r nidit lesen kann; das wird aucli zu alien Zeiten gelten, deim das gi>prochene Wort wird immer maclitiger sein als das geschrie(Fortsetzung folgt.) bene. ■* * 4 * -*

Personal Notes. — Born, to Rev. and Mrs. Win. Sauer, of Mound City, S. Dak., a daughter. —Born, to Rev. and Mrs. Otto Keller, of Bowdle, S. Dak., a daughter. —July 18th, Miss Llfrida von Rohr and Rev. Alfred Sauer, 02, were united in marriage. '—August Sib Miss Lydia Hoenecke, daughter of Prof. Ad. Hoenecke, D.D., and Rev. John Pieper, 02. of Zeeland. X. Dak., were united in marriage. —Rev. Arnold Schultz attended the Pieper-Hoenecke wedding. —Ad. von Rohr, 06, spent the summer in Washington and Oregon. —Christ. Sauer, 04. will teach at the west end school in Winona. —Rev. Arnold Schultz, *02, has accepted a call to Alma. Wis. —Rev. H. Zimmermann. 00, and wife, of Shickley, Xev., visited his old home at Xaugart, Wis.

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THE BLACK AND RED

—Rev. Carl Gausewitz, ’79, president of the Minnesota Lutheran Synod, and for many years pastor of a Lutheran church at St. Haul, has accepted a call extended to him by the Grace Lutheran church of Milwaukee. He will assume his duties at the latter church the 23d of September. —Otto Ricbe, who attended the institution for some time, is in the employ of R. R. Godfrey & Sons of Milwaukee, commission merchants. —Adolf Bacbenroth, 04, who received his M. A. degree at Harvard University last June, has been appointed an instructor of English literature at Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. —Dr. B. A. Hoermann, *96, has discontinued his offices at Hartford, Wis consin, and is now located at 912 Windlake avenue. Milwaukee. —George Krueger, who is a former attendant of the academy, is superin tendent of the repair department at the C., M. & St. P. Ry. car shops at West Milwaukee, Wisconsin. —Theophil Schroedel. ’02, who continued his studies at the University of Minnesota, will assist in teaching German at the above college the coining scholastic year.

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Ovir Contemporaries

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On checking off the collection of June exchanges that we found strewn about our table on our return, we noted that a goodly number had failed to put in their appearance. Others have insisted on arriving with more or less irregularity throughout the year. We sincerely hope these will turn over a new leaf and appear with greater regularity hereafter. At last another consignment of our English friend. The Harrovian (Isle of Man), has reached our exchange table. 'Hie Harrovian admires us American exchanges because we arc m-y-s-t-e-r-i-o-u-s. Little wonder, Harrovian, when you are as ignorant of college journalistic methods on this side of the pond as you betray yourself to be. Xo more, on the other hand, do we understand the make-up of your journal, which appears to us to contain little more than a promiscuous assortment of “Random Thoughts,” of interest to no one save to those who are or have been immediately connected with your institution. But we have too well digested the contents of your illustrious countryman's little essay “On National Prejudices’' to hold up in the light of ridicule and criticise items of which we are wholly ignorant. And an occasional dose of the same remedy may be of benefit even to you, Harrovian, for the very spirit displayed in your criticisms declares you to be prejudiced. That German articles should occasionally appear in a journal all of whose contributors are Germans is, in our opinion, no cause for ridicule. It may be, of course, that our

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“(classical) bigot” discovered certain traces in our journal which led him to conjecture that we were of some other nationality. That the oration “Cromwell and Liberty," which appeared in our magazine Anno Domini 190?, possesses some floridity, we are forced to admit, but then it was originally intended for an audience that had mastered at least the rudiments of the English language. Coming down to some later period, the May Harrovian charges the I Hack and Red with containing no orations. We plead guilty. Yet, after subjecting the February and May numbers of the Harrovian to a most careful scrutiny, we failed to find any trace of literary matter, to say nothing of orations, save the letter from India and one or two poetical e (Torts. The June number of The Marquette College Journal (Milwaukee, Wis.) is an issue of more than ordinary merit. The article, “The Tragedy of I’ride," gives us a graphic example of the unfortunate relation existing between too many fathers and sons, due principally, perhaps, to the tend ency of modern youths to scorn the ennobling companionship of Ariel who is very aptly characterized in “The Autobiography of Ariel Imagine.” We wish we could feel the conviction of the author of “Memorial Day” that the celebration of this day will never cease. The curse of commercialism, which is luu beginning to fasten its hold on our populace, has caused more than one admirable custom to be obliterated and' more than one hero to be forgotten. What will, therefore, hinder it from perhaps erasing this, the most sacred of our anniversaries? “Success,” the product of the effi cient ex-cdiii r. is another creditable article, an excellent summary of which is contained in the lines. “Above all, besides worldly success, we ought to seek after that higher, everlasting success, salvation. Since spiritual suc cess is not inconsistent with worldly success, but is rather an aid to it, we should unite both if we wish to go through life successfully. The articles in the June Berkelydian (Brooklyn), with the exception of “The Midnight Raid of Marion’s Men,” are too much on the juvenile order for a paper of the Herkelydian’s standard. However, we must make due allowance for the delicacy of feminine nature. The criticisms in the exchange column are too abstract. Of course, we do not accuse the editress of not having read her exchanges, although it seems possible for her to have made the criticisms without having done so. ^ The orations in the Commencement number of The Comenian (Beth lehem, I’a.) are of the best that have come under our observation and abound with topics for contemplation for anyone seriously enough inclined to read them. The Senior issue of Otterbein Aegis (Westerville, Ohio) contains too little literary matter and too many advertisements. Why not reserve a column or two of the space devoted to advertisements for an exchange department? (Out of regard, we take for granted that the misspelling of

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supplement in the first editorial is the result of a lapsus calami.) “Do not try to let people know that you are from College" is one of the choice morsels of advice for vacation offered in the final editorial. When we come in contact with our former associates at home it is not at all necessary to hold our head aloft and strut about among them "like Chanticleer among his feathery dames." Our superior culture, if we possess it, will become fully apparent without any demonstration on our part if we but seek to make ourselves agreeable to each and every one with whom we come in contact, however fastidious or whimsical he or she may be. •‘The Power of Will" in the June number of The Xcwbcrry Stylus (Newberry, S. C.) is an instructive article in which the author distinguishes between true will power and wilfulness and demonstrates clearly the de sirability of possessing the former to the latter. The author <>i "Is the World Growing Better?" takes a rather optimistic view of the present: and future, indeed, even expressing his conviction that the time will come when “everything shall be brought to perfection," Since he has resorted to Scripture, interpreting an extract to meet his requirements, we would refer him to 2 Timothy 111, 1-8. It were a good plan, in our opinion, if exchange editors would always place the name of the city and state after the name of the exchange criti cised, thus giving those journals that wish to increase their exchange list an opportunity of communicating with college papers whose addition might be desirable.

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ATHLETICS

Die football season at Northwestern opened on September 4, when a number of candidates appeared on the campus and went through the usual preliminary practice. Most of last year’s stars have left us. Wcndland, Eickmann and Mueller were with the graduating class last spring, and four third year men. Woyahn. Motzkus, Pankow and Kumm, failed to return. Luetke was unable to gain the consent of his parents for this year. As was stated above, there are but few of the heavy plavers back, and all the old men are new to their position, so that Sauer of the first eleven will have a difficult problem to solve. Another difficulty which presents itself, as in fact it does to all other teams, is the change in rules. Considerable time will pass before the old-style players will conform to the new rules. But with the co-operation of liis men the captain hopes to

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put a team on the gridiron that will under the circumstances live up to the old standard. The lineup at present is as follows: L. h., Zeisler, last year’s quarter; f. h., Kowalke, last year’s end: r. t., Berg, last year’s guard; c., Wenzel, last year’s guard; r. h., Sauer, last year’s tackle. New men are Kuck, 1. e.: Mass. 1. t.: I' fa IT. 1. g.: Schocwe, r. c.; Neighorn, q. In a mass meeting F. 1C. Stern, heretofore football manager, resigned and l*rof. 11. Frank was elected to fill the vacancy. Stern has been ath letic manager since spring. 1905, and we wish to say to his credit that lie was an able man who knew well how to manage the work which fell to his lot. Diehl, Kowalke, 1 lass and Probst were elected as members of the board of athletics, 'I'lie hoard of athletics elected the following officers in the first of its regular meetings: President, E. Sauer; secretary, E. Kowalke; treasurer, li. Diehl. Prohsl, (ieiger and Grunewald were proposed as candidates for assistant manager.

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SOCIETY Military Company Notes. Prospects for a large company this year are exceedingly bright. About thirty recruits are now receiving instructions in the manual of arms, and it is expected that a goodly number of them will join the ranks of the company in the near future. At the first regular meeting of the company this year Henry J. Diehl was elected president of the society and John Xieghorn was elected treasurer in place of Courtney Quandt, who did not return. The present officers of the company at drill are: Captain, Henry J. Diehl: first lieutenant. Edwin IT. Sauer; second lieutenant, F. E. Stern; first sergeant, Henry Hartwig; second sergeant and right guide of the company, Philipp Koehler; third sergeant and left guide of the company, John Xieghorn; fourth sergeant and quartermaster, Ehrenfried Berg; fifth sergeant and assistant quartermaster, Leonard Zeisler; color bearer, William Wadzinski: corporals, Charles Toepel, Reinhardt Ziesemer, Her bert Kirchner and Arthur Hanke. •# f * f 4

The results of elections in the different classes were as follows: Senior Class—Edwin IT. Sauer, president: Henry Geiger, vice-presi dent: Henry J. Diehl, secretary and treasurer.

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Junior Class—Gustav Westcrhaus, president; Paul Horn, vice-presi dent*; Erwin Kowalke. secretary and treasurer. Sophomore Class—Alexander Sitz, president; William P. Hass, vicepresident ; Sigmund Probst, secretary and treasurer. Freshman Class—Ehrenfried Berg, president; Paul Plait, vice-presi dent; Adolph Zuberbier, secretary and treasurer. .*#4* .* I

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LOCALS i 0

—K. Dornfeld, ho. visited his uncle, Mr. Schoenickc, and Mrs. Zwicg Sunday, Sept. 2. —Miss G. Decider of Two Rivers visited her brother, Edgar, Prep.. Aug. 2<S. —R. Polzin, Prep., visited friends at Pipersville, Sept. i. —Rev. G. Press from Winside, Neb., visited his sons, Fritz, Prep., and Albert. Prep. —Albert Zibcll, Prep., visited his parents at Waterloo Sept. 2. —Air. H. Wernicke of Manitowoc was here between trains t<> visit W in. Schaefer, ho. —A number of students were highly entertained by Mr. and Mr . Neu mann at Ashippun Sept. 2. —R. Dudey, Prep., of Martland, was home for a visit Sunday, Sept. 9. —E. Moldenhaucr, C. C., was at Lebanon for a visit with his parents Sept. 9. —Rev. HI Bergmann of Milwaukee visited his son, Paul. 09. between trains Saturday, Sept. 8. —R. C. Dcehier visited his son Edgar, Prep., Sept. 7. —George Meyer, once a member of the class 09, was married at Eitzcn Aug. 2. 1906. —Rev. E. A. Pankow of Caledonia, Minn., brought his son Hugo to this institution; Aug. 29. x —Julius Lenz, formerly a member of the class ’09. has left us and is con tinuing his studies at Springfield, 111. —The Misses Sophie and Marie Kroenckc of Bay City, Mich., called on Henry Diehl, 07, while on a visit in Watertown. —E. Sauer, 07, accompanied by W. Wadzinski, 09, visited his parents at Juneau Sept. 15. —Rev. J. Gamm of La Crosse visited the institution Saturday, Sept. 8—Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Anger visited their son. Henry, 07, Sept. 9. —Mrs. L. A. Mueller, Mrs. D. Sprehn and Miss Edna Sprehn visited the latter’s brother. Arnold, '08, Saturday, Sept. 8. —Henry Anger. 07. and Adalbert Schaller, ’07, made a trip on foot to Oconomowoc Sunday, Sept. 19.

■

I CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —Football! —Signals: 23-23-23. —A member of ’15: “Go this way down, if you find some postals give them to me with the college on. my name is Ke—el.” —Z~erb-r: “Do you read saucer (Chaucer) in the Junior year?” —Prof.: “Mention a good theme for a composition.” 'What I sometimes see in the dark.” P—IT —Spitz: “llave you any brothers at home?” K—bel: “No, I’m lonesome.” —(ir—111: “We have lakes in Nebraska too.” M-ps: "Ves, hut four horses could drink one dry.” —Zell_\ is still wondering if that postal card without a stamp on it ever got there. — Prof.: “Whom does Chaucer describe in this passage?” Finer von den ganz Griinen: “The nun who dipped her fingers into the soup.” —Prof.: What portions of a castle were built first?” P—IT: "The loop-holes.” —M.--s tin the classroom): “Is the letter *k’ pronounced in knoll”? Prof.: '< ertainly not.” —M--s: “\\ •/.!. Schoewe always pronounces it when he mentions the name.” —Fdw. 1\ “Motzkus ist jetzt ein theolegischer Student.” —‘The loll 1 )\V mg is the excuse offered by a former member of ’07 to a classmate 1 >r not meeting him on a certain occasion: “Kin a buddy meet a buddy If he be not hatne? Kin a buddy meet a buddy Ere a buddy came. Ilka buddy has a hubby “Z-ph-r,” so ha’e 1 Among the eve I leave frae liame A-courtin' on a sly. 1 be the beau, she be the belle. But what her name and wliar's her hame 1 dinna care to tell. —X. P».: It is said that the best way to preserve apples in winter is to wrap them in college papers so as to exclude the air. The exception is made, however, that the paper must be one on which the subscription has been paid, else the dampness resulting from what is “dew” may —Ex. result in spoiling the fruit. 117

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Him. 6. Pritzlaff $ Co. 307 Macirv Street.

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313 Main Street Over firuetzmacher’s Store.

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Watertown, Wisconsin, October, 1906.

LITERARY

Number 5

Frederick the Great. WILLIAM EGGERT. 07, W hen Frederick II., the third kin" of Prussia, known as Frederick the Great, succeeded his father Frederick William I., it was not generally thought that a man of extraordinary military and political talents, of an industrious and fearless disposition, had ascended the Prussian throne. Frederick was born on the 24th of January, 1712. His father was a severe and economical man. He took great pride in his army and purposed to bring up Frederick as an exact copy of himself. The king prescribed exactly in what manner Frederick was to spend his days, and little time was left him to pursue his own inclinations. He was not even permitted to devote himself to literature and music, for which he developed a taste at an early age. Put, on the other hand, he' was forced to go through the same military exercises as the private soldiers. Although he showed much pleasure and skill in military drills, he soon became disgusted with them, turning his attention secretly and by aid of his mother, to literature and art. XaturalU well gifted, he met with success. But the king soon learned of his son's secret doings and this made him very angry with him. From Frederick’s withdrawal from military life the king inferred that his son was timid and a coward, and he soon got to detest him. Nor did he hesi tate to show his dislike on all possible occasions. The brutal treatment that Frederick received at the hands of his father decidedly influenced his moral character, and it is thought that it also caused him to scoff at re ligion. For but a small offense the king seized Frederick by the hair, dragged him to a window and would have strangled him there with a cord had not a courageous servant interfered. Thus tyranny at the hands of the father caused disobedience on behalf of the son. When Frederick was nineteen years old, the king wanted him to marry against his wish. I his. however, seemed intolerable to Frederick and he resolved to flv from the Prussian court to his uncle, the king of England. His sister, Wilhelmina.

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his friends Keith and Lieutenant von Kath, were in the plot. While he was accompanying the king on a journey through the kingdom the escape was to take place? The attempt failed, however; Frederick was cast into prison, Keith escaped, but Kath was executed. Frederick was compelled to witness the execution from the window of his cell. The king even demanded Frederick's execution on the ground of desertion, and the penalty imposed on this crime was death. But the court martial refused to pass sentence on the crown prince, and also the other European courts were very much in disfavor of it. Finally the king gave wav and a reconciliation was brought about after a years imprisonment. Frederick now applied him self "diligently to the study of military tactics, much to the pleasure of the king. On account of Frederick’s early dislike to military exploits, his reign was generally expected to be an effeminate one. Hut when he at the age of twenty-eight became king, he forgot his pleasures and devoted himself to the welfare of his kingdom. His finances, his army, as well as his subjects received his utmost attention. When he ascended the throne, his provinces were scattered, his res uirees comparatively small, and his army, although seventy thousand strong, was not more than one-third as large as those of his enemies. But lu aug mented and instructed it with military labor and fortune began i<» open the field of glory to him at a moment when he was fully prepared t •• enjoy its favors. In October, 1740, the emperor Charles 111. died, and Maria Theresa ascended the Austrian throne. She wished to place her husband on the Imperial throne. Spain and Bavaria would not recognize him as emperor and this kindled the flames of war in Europe. Frederick offered to help Maria Theresa if she should cede Silesia to him, but on the other hand threatened her with war in case of refusal. The offer was not accepted, and Frederick declared war on Austria. He had expected this an 1 had made preparations for war. He invaded Silesia with an army of So.ooo men, and gained a complete victory over the Austrian veterans, which was due to the perfect discipline of the Prussians, and the iron ramrods which enabled them to get five shots to the enemy's one. Although Maria Thersa succeeded in beating all her other enemies, she could not force Frederick out of Silesia and she saw herself compelled to cede Silesia to Prussia in a treaty of peace in the year 1845 at Dresden. Then followed ten years of peace. But Frederick was constantly on the alert. He knew that there would not be peace forever and he therefore prepared himself fully for the anticipated storm. Maria Theresa could not forget the loss of Silesia. She intrigued against Frederick. In this she succeeded remarkably well; for the growth of the power and influence of Prussia was a cause of envy to the other powers. Russia, France and Saxony formed a confederation, and it was proposesd to deprive the king of his royal title and make him onlv mar-

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"rave of Brandenburg. The plot was made known to Frederick, he was informed as to the concealment of the documents treating of his proposesd fall. Me secured them and published them to the world. He then invaded Saxonv without declaring war. hut the contents .of the papers fully justified the aci. Frederick succeeded in gaining England as his ally. He captured the Saxon army and also defeated the Austrian veterans. This was the opening of the Seven Years’ War. The battles of this dreadful war arc too numerous to he described in detail here, and my pen cannot find adequate words with which to picture the horrors it caused. But. the king of Prussia proved himself a general of the first order in this war. and although he had nearly half of Europe in the field against him, vet he was almost always victorious. He defeated the Austrians at Prague and Leuthen, the French at Rossbach, and the Russians at Zorndorf. At Kohlin and at Hochkirch the Austrians and Russians fought united and this was disastrous to Frederick. Here his army was uttcrh muted. The allies gradually withdrew their assistance from Maria Theresa lill at length Austria and Prussia were left face to face. As both powers were exhausted by the long war, peace was con cluded at I lubertshurg, which left Silesia in the hands of Frederick. Among all tin great and remarkable battles fought in this war, one that shows the mode *'f Frederick's attacking and his skill in battle is that of Rossbach. In the autumn of die year 1757 Frederick the Great had advanced at the head of 22,000 men to the river Saale to drive the French and an imperial army out of Saxony. The enemy was three times as numerous as the Prussians. Their general had promised to send the Prussian king as captive to Paris and the French rejoiced at the prospect of a battle, thinking that they at last had an army with which they could utterly crush the king's forces. The Prussians had encamped on a small hill. In order that they might defeat the Prussians more completely, the French circled round the hill. The little army on the hill remained quiet. The smoke rose from their campfires, ’They were eating their dinner. Even their gen eral seemed to he untroubled as to the outcome of the battle. From the roof of the castle 011 the hill he watched the enemy for an hour, then went down and also ate a hearty meal. But when he saw the enemy opposite his left flank, he gave the signal. In hut a few moments’ time the tents were furled, the lines formed and the concealed cannons began to roar. The cavalry general Seidlitz charged down the hill, broke their lines and com pletely shattered them before they had time to form in line of battle. In about an hour’s lighting Frederick had inflicted a loss on the enemy of four thousand killed, seven thousand captives, with sixty-three cannons and eleven generals. Put it was not only in war that Frederick proved himself worthy of his name. 1 he long war had caused his subjects terrible sufferings and he now became a real father to his subjects. During the ten years of peace

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between the first and second Silesian war he had introduced the cultivation of the potato. The potato proved a success in Prussia and kept thousands from starving. After peace was restored he had the ruined villages rebuilt. lie distributed horses and grain among the impoverished farmers to till the soil with. He had drains and canals cut to dry the swamps. Especially the marshy tracts of land near the Elbe and Oder gave excellent land for cultivation and afforded a living for fifteen thousand families. When he saw this drainage completed, he said. "1 have gained a province without the loss of a single life.” He built schools of nearly all imaginable kinds and improved the administration of justice. He was very familiar with his subjects, and was always ready to help them where it was needed. Consequently, he was loved very much by them and they commonly called him "Old Fritz.” His industrious character we can see from his following saying, "Nothing is more akin to death than idleness. It is not necessary that 1 live, but it is necessary that while 1 live I be busy.” Frederick raised the kingdom of Prussia by his prudent governing to the level of Austria, France and England. His army was certainly the best disciplined in Europe. His treasury was full, and when he died in 17+6, after a reign of forty-six years, the news of his death filled all (lermanv with sorrow. .f 4 •* * *

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. G. ANDREW BRAMER 07

Besonders einem Mannc hat es Deutschland zu verdanken, class die deutsche Sprache, das deutsche Drama und das dcutschc Theater wieder in ihr Recht cingesetzt sind. Die deutsche Sprache war von dem Einflusse der franzosischen unterdriickt worden, statt deutscher Dramen wurden nur noch franzosische Stitckc auf der Biilinc aufgefiihrt. und so war das Theater ein sehr bedenklicher Ort geworden. Aber es sollte nicht so bleiben. und gerade als diesc Dinge in Deutschland aufs hochste gestiegen waren, da erschicn ein Mann, der diese Uebelstande der deutschen Literatur beseitigen sollte, und das war Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Lessing wurde am 22. Februar, 1729, zu Kamenz in der Lausitz geboren. Sein Vater war Piarrer zu Kamenz, und da Gotthold ein begabter Knabe zu sein schien. so fassten die Eltern den Entschluss, class ihr Sohn auch Pfarrer werden sollte. Sie hielten ihn daher streng zu Gottes Wort, sein Vater unterrichtete ihn selbst in der Religion, und als der Knabe sieben Jahre alt war. wurde cr in die Lateinschule zu Kamenz geschickt. Hier zeichnete er sich vor anderen Schulern so

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aus, class cr schon im Jalire 17-11, als er erst zwolf Jalirc alt war, in die Fiirstenscliule zu Meissen eintretcn konnte. Mit allem Eifcr studierte cr liier die alten Klassiker und die Mathematik. Seine Lehrer und Mitscliiilcr bewundcrten den Geist dieses jungen Schulers. Hier brachte er fiinf Jalire zu, und als er sein Studium bcendct liattc, liielt er am do. Juni 17 IG seine Abschiedsrede iiber die Mathematik dcr ausserklassischen Volker und begab sich sodann nacli seiner Heimat, die er scit fiinf Jaliren nicht gcschen liatte, clenn F'ericn gab cs damals nocli nicht. Aber nur wenigc Wochen durfte cr von seiner Arbeit ruhen. Schon ini Ilerbst desselben Jahres, 17-IG, bezog cr die Universitat Leip zig, um auf Wunsch seiner El tern Theologie zu studieren. Obschon er sich mit dieser Wissenschaft bcschaftigte, lcgte er sich doch mehr auf philosophische und asthetische Studien und widmete sich gr.nz besonders tier schdnen Literatur und clem Drama. Ja, er war so sehr von der AufYiihrung auf der Biiline eingenommen, class er franzosische Stiicke fiir die 'riieaterleitung iibersctztc, uni freien Eintritt in das Theater zu erlaugen. Audi begann cr selbst schon Theaterstiicke zu dichten, und als eirs derselben in Leipzig aufgefiihrl wurclc und alle Zuhorcr ilini zujubdien, da beschloss er, sein Studium der Theologie aufzugeben und sieli gauz und gar der Dramatik zu widmen. Dies tat er aucli und begab >idi nun nach Berlin, um auch dort das Theater kennen zu lernen. Als aber seine Fliern dies crfuhren, vvarcn sie sehr betriibt iiber illren Sohn und w indten alle Mittel an, um ihn clocli wiecler zu seinem Studium zuriickzubriiigen. Schliesslich Hess cr sich auch auf die Bit ten seines Vaiers bewegen und bezog die Gniversitat Wittenberg, wo er sich auch am 29. April, 17‘>2. mit ciner Albeit iiber Muartc die Magisterwiirde erwarb. Aber Theologc wurde er dennoch nicht, clenn dazu begeistertc er sich zu sehr fiir Literatur und Theater. Er begab s:ch wiecler nach Berlin und hier dichtete er seclis Monatc nach seiner Ankunft das erste biirgerliche Trauerspiel, Miss Sara Sampson, das auch, als es auf der Biihne aufgefiihrt wurde, grossen Anklang fand. Er beschaftigte sich jetzt unablassig mit Literatur, Gott und die Welt vergesscnd, und das Brodukt dieser seiner energischen Arbeit war die beriihmtc Schrift: Briefe, die neucstc Literatur betreffend. Da er aber mit solchen Arbeitcn nicht genug fiir seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen konnte, sondern in Schulden geriet, so sail er sich gendtigt, cine Stelle anzunehmen, die ilini cin jahrliches Einkommen verschaffe. Dahcr wurde er im Jalire 17GO Sckrctiir cles General Tauenzien zu Breslau. Hier cntwarf er unter den Wirren des siebenjahrigen Krieges das erste wahre deutsche Lustspiel, Minna von Barnhelm, das bis auf den heutigen Pag nach Inhalt und Form nocli nicht ubertroffen ist. Kurz danacli entstand sein Laokoon. In diesem Werke wollte er die Grenzen zwisclien Poesie und Malerei bestinimcn und den Gnterschied zwischen den bildenden und redcnden Kiinsten aufzeigen. Dies ist ilini auch vor-

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trefflich gelungcn, und es ist bis jetzt nocli keine scharfere Auseinandersetzung dieser Gegenstaiule geliefcrt worden. Zu dieser Zeit waren mehrere Biirger in Hamburg im Begriff, cm Nationaltheater zu errichten. Daniil aber dieses Untcrnehmen erfolgreich sei, so rnusste man auch einen Mann babcn, der das 1 heatcrwesen verstand, und man berief Lessing. Er nahm diesen Bernf an und begab sich im Jahre 1107 nach Hamburg. Am 22. April 1707 wurde das Theater eroffnet und nun fand Lessing einen grosscn Wirkungskreis. Er wurde bier als Kritikcr angestcllt. Aber das lTn tern ell men scheitertc, denn die Mitglieder gerieten untereinander in Streit, auch waren sie sehr empfindlich gcgcn Lessings Kritik, obwohl er im wesentlichen nur das erwahnte, was zu lobcn war. den Tadel aber ganz unterdruckte oder nur leisc andeutete. Die Folge solcher Streitigkeiten war, dass das Theater am 4. Dezember wieder gcschlossen wurde. Aus alien diesen Verwirrungen aber ist Lessings Hamburgische Dramaturgic hervorgegangen. Durch diese Schrift, trotzdem sic nur Bruchstiicke enthalt, hat er das deutsche Drama von dem Einflusse der franzdsischen K.lassiker befreit und die Grundregeln fiir Komodie und Tragbdie aufgestellt. Xachdem das Theater gcschlossen war, wurde Lessing im Jahre 1770 Bibliothekar in Wolfenbiittel. Hicr arbeitele er wieder mil neuem Eifer und vollendete sein angefangenes Drama ..Emilia Galotti". Vom Jahre 1714 bis 1778 gab er die Wolfenbiittler Eragmenlc hcrau>, und im Jahre 1780 erschien sein beruhmtes Drama, ..Nathan dcr Weisc Dass er aber diese Geistesarbeit nicht mehr langc fortsetzen kdnnc, lasst sich wohl denken. Er ermattete von der schweren Arbeit, und schon am 15. Februar 1781 schied er aus dem Leben, erst 51 Jahre all. Lessing hatte sich eine hohe Aufgabc gestellt, aber es war ihm nicht vergonnt, sie vollstandig zu Ibsen. Docli hat er zur Forderung der deutschcn Sprachc und Litcratur ungemcin viel beigetragen. ur war vor allem ein Kritikcr und hatte stets ein holies Ziel im Auge. Durch seine beriihmten Werke, Briefe, die neueste Literatur betrelTend. und die Hamburgische Dramaturgic ist er der grosste Kritikcr der Welt gcworden.. Obwohl er in seiner Hamburgischen Dramaturgic die Wiirde ablehnt, ein Dichtcr zu sein, so war er doch ein grosser Dichler, und das bezeugen auch alle seine Schriften. Dass er der grosste Dramatikcr seiner Zeit war, geht aus seincn verschicdenen Dramen klar und deutlicli hervor. Yon Lessing liaben Goethe und Schiller viel gelernt. Er ist der Mann, dem es die Deutschen zu verdanken liaben, dass die deutsche Literatur wieder vom Joche der franzdsischen Klassikcr befreit ist.

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Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF HENRY J. DIEIII. 07

EDITOR-IN CHIEF BUSINESS MANAGERS.

GEORGE N. I.UEI’KE, ,7 OSWALD 11 i:i SKI. \,s

BUSINESS MANAGER ASST. BUSINESS MANAGER DEPARTMENT EDITORS.

EDWIN SAUER. SI IMUND PRO!'.-I , EDGAR GUEN El ILK oS ADALBERT SUM U.I.EK ERWIN KOWAI.Ki:

ATHLETIC EDITOR. SOCIETY EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LO 'AL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contribution'; > ilf Liternrv De|iariment are requested from alumni ami undergraduates. All 1!' ..r-iry matter -ii 'aM i■ addressed to the Editor-in-Chief and all business communications to the Business manager. I ne • ei in?, ii rij.iion ar e 7; cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, to cents, Stamps not a- ■ epic 1 <11 v mein. Notify us i( you wish your a I dress changed or your paper discontinued The Black and Red ~ 1 .rwanled t<iall subscribers until order for itsdiscontiiuiatiou is received and until all arrearages p.M.i. Entered at ii • eii-.e of Watertown. Wis.. as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

The Requisites The word editorial appears, in a few college journals, of an our own not excepted, to have assumed a meaning so FditoriaJ. abstract that it is possible to place a subject of almost any kind under the column of this name. It seems not out of place, there fore, to halt and consider for a moment of what nature a model editorial should be. Consulting a dictionary, we find an editorial to be “an article in a jour nal or periodical presumably written by the editor or his subordinate and published as an official argument or expression of opinion,” while White in his "Words and Their Uses” declares it to be "an article in newspapers on the leading topics of the day.” These definitions, if properly interpreted, will give the necessary information. A college magazine is, of course, not a newspaper catering to the whims 131

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of the public, but a periodical published primarily in the interests of the student body which it represents. As such, its editorials should therefore deal, not with the general topics of the day, but with subjects which sug gest themselves from the habits and conditions reigning within the student body. This necessarily excludes all such pseudo-editorials, though appro priate under the headings of other departments, as resumes of magazine articles, historical sketches, and articles on current events, save those which have exerted an influence even within the walls of our institutions; all of which, when viewed in the light of the source from which they emanate, are purely objective, while according to our definitions they should he the expression of opinion of their authors. With the exception of such articles as descriptions of festivals, acquisi tions, etc., of our institution, which may properly be admitted, our editorial should furthermore, in accordance with the definitions, express the opinion of the writer and in its form he argumentative and didactic. In it he should draw attention to some state of affairs among the students that may he im proved upon, and then proceed with logical arguments to offer the reforms which according to his conviction are necessary. •J* # 4 4 *

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Students Should It is rather the rule than the exception that so often Help Editors. as the editor-in-chief asks a person to contribute an article to the college paper, he answers: “I have no time, and what is the editorial staff there for?” If writing an article, be it a discussion of some current topic or merely a narrative, were a waste of time, then “1 have no time,” that is, to waste, would be the correct answer. But the time expended in writing is any thing but wasted. The collection of the material for and the building up of a lengthy discussion or narrative is the very best test one can put his vocabulary and his imagination to. And would you call it a waste of time to increase your vocabulary, to widen the field of vour imagination, and to get a knowledge of topics of general interest? Furthermore, the editors are not there to contribute all the literary matter found in the college paper, but the collect material, write editorials, and now and then to do their duty as students bv contributing an article. For as you may see in large letters each month,'the ‘‘Black and Red” is published by the students and not by the editors. If you are called upon to contribute, do it cheerfully, don't wait to be coaxed, do not even wait to be asked if you have the energy and inclination to write. Help all the editors along as much as possible, jot down all little happenings and all jokes as soon as heard, because they may be forgotten and some great

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witticism may be lost to the world or a genius remain undiscovered. Last but not least, we hope that no one will be guilty of such gross neglect of his duty as to fail to subscribe for the college paper, one thing that all ought to take pride in. * * J * *

Each and every one of us must conclude from expericmicc that a life without exercise has evil results that at times disable one for life. Not only must we devote our time to study, but we must also shape our ideals of youth through the me dium of physical exercise, of athletic sports. Youth is prone to extrava gance in exercise, and evils, injurious both to the intellectual life of the boy as well as to his physical condition, will arise. Indiscretion and overexer tion are the main points against which a boy cannot be on his guard. Therefore, let us be advised and allow nature no more than it needs. All injuries spring from the fact that certain persons cast all rules aside, plunge into the game or exercise instinct with the burning desire to win and nothing else. They care not in the least for the well-being of their fellowmen. The public attention is very much focused on all college games and they detect all evils of this kind. It awakens discontent and displeasure. Complaints are made and rules are changed, as we have lately seen done in football. This rapacious desire to win under all circumstances must be done away with. W ith a moderate and cool spirit we must play our games and not grow overanxious, for this can inflict bodily injuries on us or others. We all are imbued with the desire to display great qualities of strength that will bring us honor, in short what we style “to star." In spite of this let us always bear in mind that we are men and not beasts. But another evil can result from physicial training, and this is neglect of studies. We must wisely divide our time between exercise and study. If we suffer ourselves to neglect our studies and devote all our time to physical training at school, what evils will not result! It builds up our physique, but the mind is left untrained. It strengthens our body, but enervates the mind. Many college boys resign their studies because they have been led captive bv an undue desire for athletics. College life for them proves a failure. Our studies must remain in an even pace with our recreations, and this strictly observed will develop both mind and body. A sound soul only inhabits a sound body. To recapitulate: Let us avoid extravagance, excess in physical training on the football field or in the gymnasium. Wisely let us divide our time between study and recreation and if we then come to analyze the effects they will be found to be good, to stand for the betterment of our moral and physical condition, and, above all, for the healthy development of every one. Physlcal Training

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Although debating was practiced a very limited time in our < legating societies in the course of the preceding school year, still we arc certain that our work was crowned with a pronounced success, As we grow stronger and stronger in this direction, we may venture to take another step forward, and that is, to introduce intercollegiate debating. The benefits we derive frem intercollegiate debating by far exceed those derived from debating with people with whom you daily come in contact. The very outset, the choosing of a subject, demands great power of selec tion; for it is evident that a topic which is to be discussed by representatives of two colleges ought to have two very nearly equal sides; first of all, to keep the audience in suspense as to the outcome, and then to allow both parties equal opportunity to render proof of their ability in debating', burthermore, the research must be thorough; for no fact bearing on the topic dare escape a good debater. Every statement must also be based upon a sound truth, which is able to resist the attacks of the opponents. Mere again the judgment of the debater comes into consideration; only the most weighty matter must be retained to amke the debate interesting and l<> make proper use of the time that is granted him. He also obtains great practice in speaking when attempting to convince his audience and his opponents. It is a deplorable fact that so many people are not able to speak i na manner suitable to the purpose. Again, wits are sharpened by means of this prac tice; no statement, not even a word ought to escape the ear of the debater. Practice, however, will enable him to judge at once whether a word has been said amiss and the reason whereof. It is, moreover, evident that a cool head is absolutely necessary in order to produce a good debater; tri umphs and reverses alternate; one must yield to the opinion of tin other. The debater sees himself surrounded by his fellow students, all depen ling on him to be victorious. These circumstances have very often succeeded in getting the best of a debater and he was defeated. Continued practice alone will give him courage and strength to brave these difficulties. Thus we have seen the various results that are obtained through intcrcollegiate debating and which ought to induce us to make a parctice of it. A person that has received a schooling in such debating will never regret it and will in future life be a man who will solely depend on himself when difficulties present themselves. Intercollegiate Debating.

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Editor’s Note.

1 he article "Wellington or Bluecher ' in the September issue of 1'nic Black and Risd was written by Edgar Guenther, ’oS. His name was omitted bv mistake.

ALUMNI Die Kunst des Vorlesens als Bildungsmittel. 0. HAGEDORN. ’91.

(Fortsetzung.) Da rum wire! zu alien Zeitcn das Vorlesen das Hauptmittel sein zur Einfiihrung in die Litcratur. Unter Vorlesen ist hier natiirlich nicht das zu verstehen, was man gewohnlich so nennt. Das mechanisclie Ablesen, wie es meistens in den Schulen gepflegt und dem Schuler auf Lcbcuszcit angewolint wird, dass man namlich die Wortc in der richtigen Reihenfolge, wie sie auf dem Papier stehen, glatt, ohne Stocken, mil korrekter Aussprache und richtiger Betonung zu Gehor bringt, kann freilich als Bildungsmittel nicht viel ausrichten. Vorlesen heisst die Gedanken des Dichters in moglichst wirksamer Weisc, also unter richtiger Anwendung der grossen naturliehen Ausdrucksmittel, der Stimme und Gcberde, dem Ilorer ubermittcln. Jedc Empfindung, jede Gemutsstimmung hat ihren eigenen natiirlichen Ausdruck, der beim Vorlesen in Stimme und Geberde zur Geltung kommen muss. Freude, Betriibnis, Erwartung, Angst, Hass, Liebe, Gleichgiiltigkeit, Entschlossenheit, Ernst, Heiterkeit u. s. w., das sind alles grundvcrschiedene Dingo, die unmoglich mit gleicher Stimmfarbung und Gcberde dargestellt werden kbnnen. Dazu kommen dann noch die mannig•fachen Gradationen — Vergnugtheit — Freude — Entzucken: Unmut — Traurigkeit — Vcrzweifelung: fnteresse — Erwartung — Spannung: Sorge — Angst — Entsetzen: Heiterkeit — Uebermut — Ausgelassenheit u. s. w., die a 11 e ihren entsprechenden Ausdruck finden miissen. Dieser entsprechende Ausdruck ist das VVesen der Vorlesekunst und von unendlich hbherer Bedeutung als sprachliche und graminatische Korrektheit. Wenn z. B. bei den Worten aus Goethes Erlkonig: ...Mein X'ater. mein Vater, jetzt fasst er mich an —” der Vorleser ,.mir” statt ..mich” sagen wiirde, so wiirde er dadurch bei denen, die cs besser wissen, das Gedicht griindlich verderben. Abcr auch nur bei ilinen. Bei denen, die cs nicht besser wissen — und das sind auch Menschcn, ja, zum Toil solche mit mehr poetischem Empfmden als viele sogenannte Gebildete — wiirde dcr Felder nichts verfangen. Wenn der Vorleser jedoch die eben zitierten Worte im gewohnlichen Konversationstone redete, oder sie mit Stentorstnnme ins Pub’.ikum hinausdonnerte, eine falsche Geste machte, eine verkehrte Korperstellung einnahme, so hatte er damit nicht nur bei einzelnen, sondern bei alien Horern die Wirkung des Gedichtes zu nichte gemacht, wenn auch, da man ja in dieser Beziehung sehr wenig vervvohnt ist. vielleicht keiner der Ilorer den Fehler als solchen in seiner Lacherlichkeit erkennen wiirde.

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Da nun die Kunst beim Vorlcsen cigentlich nur darin besteht, dass man das, was man fiihlt, natiirlich ausdriickt, so sollte sie eigentlich die leichteste unter alien Kunsten sein. Tatsachlich wiirde sie auch ein Kind leichter lernen als irgend eine andere Kunst, ja, cs branchtc sic uberhaupt nicht besonders zu erlernen, wenn nur darauf gcsehen wiirde, dass es diese ihm angeborcne Kunst nicht v e r lernte. Aber leider verlernt man diese Kunst, ehe man je dazu kommt, sie mit Nutzen anzuwenden. ln der Schule wird meistens durch Buchstabicren. Lautieren, gedankenloses Memorieren, verstandnisloses Ablesen, Aufsagcn und andere Kunste die Kunst des freien. naturlichen Ausdrucks systematisch unterdruckt, ein Prozcss, den man im Lebcn durch l mgang mit anderen, die denselben ..Bildungsgang” durchgemacht habcn, weitergefiihrt wird. Die naturlichen Ausdrucksmittel rostcn ein. die anerzogene und angewohnte zweite Natur lasst die wahrc Natur nicht mehr aufkommcn. So kommt es, dass diese einfachste aller kiinstc uberhaupt zu einer Kunst wird, und dass nur wenigc sich ernstlich daran wagen. Daher kommt es ferncr, dass man, wic schon gesagt, im Punkte des Vorlesens allgemein so wenig verwohnt ist. Man achtet nur auf die kleinen, nicht auf die grossen Felder. Wehe deni, der mangelhaft ausspricht, dcr etwa ,.1)" und „p" nicht klar unterscheidet! unausloschliche Schmach iiber den, der grannnatisch nicht fest ist, der etwa „mir” und „mich” verwechselt! Wenn er aber z. B. bei den Worten aus Hei nes Belsazar: „Und sieh, und sich, an weisser Wand Da kam’s hervor wie Menschenhand —" anstatt den Blick auf die Wand zu richten, was das einzig naliirlichc und wirksame ware, sein Auge auf das Buch oder aid's Publikum heftet. die Hande bequem auf dem Riicken zusammenlegt. einen Ton anschlagt, der etwa zu den Worten: „Es ist heute schones Wetter” passen wiirde. so fallt das dem durchschnittlichen Zuhorer nicht auf. Der Vorleser konnte ungestraft seine Daumen in die Westentasche sleeken und einen Zahnstocher kauen, man wiirde es hochstens vom Siandpunkte der Hoflichkeit gegen das Publikum unpassend linden, aber wenige wiirden daran denken, dass es nicht zum Gedicht, spcziell nicht zu der Passage passt. Wenn nur die Zunge keinen Fehler macht und die Sadie sich nicht zu eintonig anhort, so ist der Vortrag nacli allgemeinem Urteil „ganz nett”. Hat dann dcr Redner noch dazu ein gutes Organ und macht etwa ein Dutzend auffallende Gesten, so ist es schon ,.sehr schon". Wenn er aber gar drei Dutzend Gesten macht, wenn er bin und her liiuft und brullt, dass die Fensterscheiben klirren und die Nerven erbeben, so ist er ein ..grosser Kiinstler". Dass das Gedicht als sol dies wenig Eindruck macht, kommt dann eben daher, dass es nichts taugt. Der Vorleser selber hat dcsto mehr Eindruck gemacht. So ist die Vorlesekunst in gewissem Sinne auch eine undankbare Kunst. Wer wirklich kunstgerecht best und redet. d. h. mit richtiger Anwendung

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dcr natiirlichen Ausdrucksmittel, vvird oft gerade von sogenannten Gebildctcn als Thcatcrspieler verschrieen, und die Xatur muss es sich gefallcn lassen, als Affektation liingestellt zu werden. Dock ist ja gliicklicherweise dcr Heifall der Menge nicht das Massgebende. Jener beriihmte athenische Redner, der, wenn or gercdet hatte, jcdesmal mit Ehrcn ubcrschiittct und als der grosste Mann im Staate gepriesen vvurde, hatte darin zvvar auch seinen Lohn. Aber sein Gcgner war doch ein bedeutend grosserer Redner und hatte einen uncndlich grosseren Erfolg aufzuweisen; wenn er geredet hatte, ging das Volk stille nach hause, daclite nicht an seine Person und an seine Kunst, aber â&#x20AC;&#x201D; es tat, was er gesagt hatte. Wenn der Redner odcr Vorleser wirklich etwas will, und wenn er es fertig bringt, seine Horer fur das, was er will, zu gewinnen, so hat er damit den hochsten Erfolg erreicht, den man tiberhaupt erreichen kann. Wie man aber das Singcn und Spielen nicht aus Liebe zu seinen Mitmcnschen, Mmdern aus Liebe zur Sachc, also aus Egoismus, lernt, so wird auch der Xachweiss, dass das Vorlesen ein grosses Bildungsmittel fiir den 11 <"> r e r ist, kaum ein geniigendes 1 n (luce m e n t sein, diese Kunst griindlich zu crlernen und zu pflegen. Man muss erkennen, dass man sellx-r etwas davon hat. Darum sagtc ich zu An fang, dass ich.der Steigerung vvegen die Bedeutung dieser Kunst fur den V o r1 e s e r s e 1 1> s t im zweiten Teile bchandeln wolle. Wer andcren etwas vorlesen will, so vorlesen. dass der Horer es nicht nur granimatisch versteht, sondern dass auch sein Gemiit und Wille dadureh beeinllusst wird, der muss sich das, vvas er vorliest, mogliclist vdllig zu eigen machcn. Dass hierdurch sein Wissen erweitert und verlieft, sein Sprachschatz bereichcrt, sein Gedachtnis gestarkt wird, wie es (lurch blosscs Lesen sclnverlich in dem Masse geschehen kann, liegt auf der Hand, denn es ist ein alter Erfahrungsgrundsatz, dass man cine Sadie dann am griindlichsten kennen lernt, wenn man sie anderen erklaren will. Doch drs Wissen ist bekanntlich nicht die Hauptsache bei der Bibbing. Das Empfinden, der Sinn fur das Gute und Schone. der Abscheu vor dem Sclrlechten und Hasslichen, ist von vicl grosserer Wichtigkeil. Gerade hier spielt die Literatur ihre Hauptrolle als Bil dungsmittel. Sie ist zwar nicht die Kraft, welche das richtige EmpfinÂ den im Menschen erzeugt, aber sie ist das Objekt, an welchem es sich iibt. Gerade der Vorleser nun hat im vollsten Sinnc die Aufgabc, das Schone an der Literatur zur Gcltung zu bringen, ist also in ganz besonderem Masse genotigt, die Schonheiten der betr. Dichtung selber zu suchen. Gerade er wird sie auch finden wie kein anderer. Beim blossen Lesen blcibt vielcs verborgen, was sich dem guten Vorleser bei Ausubung seiner Kunst ganz von selber aufdrangt, weil eben, wie vorhin ausgefiihrt, die lebendige Sprache das eigentliche Ausdrucksmittel, die geschricbene hingegen nur cine unvollkommene Zeichensprache ist. In demsclben Masse nun, in welchem dcr Vorleser das Schone, das Ge-

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. waltige, das Grcsse in der Dichtung sucht unci findct, wire! aucli scin Empfinden geubt und gebildct, wie cs.in dcmsclbcn Masse kaum auf andere Weise geschehen kann. — Da jeclocli die Vorlesekunst vorwiegend Pflegc der natiirlichen Ausdrucksmittel ist. so wird sic sich gerade auf dem Gebiete dcs Ausdrucks als besonders bildend erweisen. Zur Bildung gchort nicht nur, class man richtig empfindet, richtig denkt, clasRichtige will, seinen Mitmcnschen richtig verstcht, sonclcrn aucli class man das, was man empfindet, clenkt und will, richtig ausdriickt. VVenn nun zur Aneignung eines schonen, klaren Stils im Reden und Schreiben das Lesen gutcr Literatur fast unbedingtes Erfordernis ist, wicviel mehr wird ein Vorleser hierin profitieren!! Ich konnte nun noch auf manchcs andere aufmerksam machen. Ich konnte darauf hinweisen, welchen Einfluss die Ausbildung der natiirlichen Ausdrucksmittel auf die Umgangsweise, auf die korperliche Gcsundheit, ja, sogar auf korperliche Schonhcit und Elcganz habeu kann. Aber ich will micli bei Einzelheiten nicht langer aufhalten. Wozu pflcgt man uberhaupt eine Kunst? was hat man davon? Man hat zunachst seine Frcude daran; sodann will man aber aucli dadureh seinen Mitmcnschen irgendwie beeinflussen. Der Maler malt, wcil cs ihm Freucle macht, so wie der Vogel zu seincm eigenen Vergniigcn singt; aber er will aucli, class andere sich an dem, was cr gcschaft’en. erfreuen sollen, ein Bestreben, das nicht aus reiner Liebe zur Menschheit entspringt, sondern aus clem natiirlichen Triebe, den Mitmcnschen zu be einflussen. seir. Gemiit, seine Gedanken, seinen Willen anzuregcu und zu lenken. Die Befriedigung, die er in seiner Kunst findet, hiingl zum Teil von clem Einfluss ab, den er dadureh auf seine Mitmenschen ausiibt. Da wir Menschcn nun iiberhaupt dazu da sind, um uns gegenscitig zum Guten zu beeinflussen, da man von eincm Menschcn kaum etwas grbsscrcs aussagen kann, als class er ein einllussreichcr Mann im guten Sinne des Wortes ist, d. h. ein Mann, der den Willen seiner Mitmenschen zum Guten lenkt, so gchort aucli diese Fahigkeit zu den Bilclungssubstanzen, cl. h. zur vollstandigen Bildung gehdrt dies, class man lernt seinen Mitmenschen zum Guten zu beeinflussen. Darum ist jede Kunst ein Bildungsmittel fiir den, der sie pflcgt. Darum hat jeder Kunstler, der seine Kunst richtig anwendet, Anspruch auf den Titel eines gebildeten Menschcn. selbst wenn er nicht einmal lesen und schrei ben, nicht einmal logisch denken kann: er ist clurch die richtige Ausiibung seiner Kunst ein einflussreicher Mann im besten Sinne dcs Worts und erfullt somit die Aufgabe, wozu der Mensch gcbilclet wird. Was nun von der Kunst im allgemeinen gilt, gilt aucli von unserer Kunst im besonderen. Ja, gerade die Vorlesekunst. die Kunst des freien, natiirlichen Ausdrucks, ist fiir den, der sic reclit ausiibt, mehr als jede an dere Kunst eine Macht. vermoge deren er den Willen seiner Mitmen schen Icr.ken und regieren kann. Wcr es versteht, die Gedanken ande-

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rer zum Ausdruck zu bringen, der wird auch, wenn es gilt, einmal seinen eigen en Gedanken Geltung zu verschaflen, seinen Mann stehen. (Schluss folgt.) ** * 4 4

Personal Notes. —After taking a course in the academy Daniel Throne was employed as assistant in the offices of Woodard & Stone of Watertown, manufacturers of candy and crackers. Since the consolidation of this firm with the Na tional Biscuit Company he is acting in similar capacity at the latter com pany’s general offices at Chicago, 111. —Henry Martens, '98, who took up advanced work in literature during the past year at the University of Wisconsin, has accepted the appointment as teacher at the North Division High School of Milwaukee. —Fred. Gamm. a former student, is chief clerk of the bank of Watertown. I Ie has also been serving as trustee of our institution. —Among former students who took up the study of law after leaving the institution is (ieorge Grimm. Upon becoming a member of the bar and practicing for some time he announced his candidacy for judge of Jeffer son county, to which office he was duly elected. Due no doubt to his fairness and to his qualifications he has occupied the bench for a number of terms. His contributions to literature are also quite noteworthy. —Herbert Jenny, member of the class of 1905, graduated from the Wis consin Conservatory of Music last June and is now giving instruction in music. He is also organist at one of the prominent churches of Mil waukee. —George Hanscbild of the class of 1900, who has been studying at Colum bia, Leipzig and Harvard during the past few years, is at present filling the chair of English and modern languages at Newberry College, New berry, S. C. * * 41 ^

Ovir Contemporaries The Prince Alfred College Chronicle (Adelaide, Australia), while being complete in each of its departments, would appear decidedly more attractive in a neat cover. We account for the absence of literary matter on the sup position that the editors are endeavoring to remain within the boundary set by the name “Chronicle.” But surely the insertion of an occasional artie’e would be an excusable offence. The M. /-/. Aerolith (Franklin, Wis.) is as usual replete with articles and editorials. The German article, “Wer die deutsche Sprache nicht ehrt, ist des deutschen Geldes nicht wert,” while not written in choicest German

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itself, nevertheless gives a good picture of the inevitable results following on a German’s discarding his mother-tongue. Our native tongue is, so to speak, our spiritual and intellectual mother, who has exerted her ennobling influence on us throughout our entire existence. It is to our mother-tongue that we owe all our youthful reminiscences: it is our mother-tongue with whom our verv characters are connected and interwoven. Little wonder, therefore, that’johann should so soon have lost the admirable trails which characterize the average German wherever he goes. How far our laws regulating child labor arc from any degree of perfection as yet is shown in the article on “Kinder-Arbeit." According to figures given therein there must now be approximately 2,000.000 children toiling in factories and mines and sacrificing themselves that a few inhuman monsters may multiply the amount of their gains, illgottcn gains. Mow can we accept gifts from the hands of such beings, when we know them to be stained with the spiritual blood of innocent children! “Wir sollen die Menschcn nehmen, wie sie sind." an article written in model German, treats a serious subject in a serious manner. The contents of the first paragraph in “A Local Dossil," were so at variance with our convictions that we read no further. Hence no criticisms. Of the editorials the last one, which advises 11s always to suppress our anger and be ever ready to forgive, is worthy of closer inspec tion. Among other things it draws attention to the tendency of despising all the students of a college just because one or the other may have taken uncalled-for liberties. People who judge us thus betray an ignorance too profound to be offended at: for any reasonable individual must admit that an occasional black sheep can be found in every community. On the other hand reference is also made to the similar tendency of some students of "knocking" everything in their way just because they may justly have been reprimanded by one or the other of the professors. “Just because a pro fessor treads on our corn (or corns) from the simple cause that we culti vated it where it should not be, is no reason for condemning the whole insti tution, faculty included." In case the Acrolith is unable to have an ex change column owing to lack of space, we would suggest giving it the por tion of the paper now occupied by the patent medicine ad. The articles in the September issue of The Hera!do (Denver. Col.) arc not of the usual standard. “The Romance of a Navajo Rug," though open ing with a florid paragraph, is a light production and contains little in justi fication of the title “romance." In the article “In Southern California" the author narrates some interesting facts, but joins them incoherentlv, giving evidence of inexperience in composition, or careless thinking. 'The ex change editor invites all “to heave ‘brickbats’ of criticism" in his direction, assuring us that he shall try to receive them all without any hard feeling. This is the proper attitude to assume, provided of course that the criticisms are just and offered in the proper spirit. I he Lake Breeze (Sheboygan, Wis.) with its cuts and poetic selections is the most attractive as well as appropriate Commencement issue to have Reached cur t. ble.

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“The Path of Life,” in the Commencement number of The Leavitt Angelas (Turner Centre, Me.), is a well written selection, in fact one of the best that has come under our observation this month. The exchange editor appears to consider it his chief duty simply to acknowledge the re ceipt of his exchanges, and declares it to be a deficiency in a paper if this be not done, giving as his reason that "if a school takes the trouble to send out a paper, it ought at least to have the satisfaction of knowing that it has reached its destination.” If our friend write his address legibly, he need have no fears for the papers reaching their destination, as Uncle Sam is not in the habit of losing articles intrusted to his care. Thus the only advantage we can see is that the exchange editor can escape a large amount of work each month, especially if his exchanges number a hundred or more. "College students as individuals arc said to be careful financiers, but the student body taken as a whole shows very few of the true business prin ciples which mark systematic management,” says the Doanc Owl (Crete, Neb.) in an editorial on "Student Business Methods,” giving as a reason that too much responsibility is placed in the hands of one or two individuals. Conditions at Doane must be the reverse of those existing among us, where separate individuals suffer from occasional attacks of Diminution of the Bursa. "Clippings from our Exchanges” is the heading of a separate column in The Herald ( llolvoke. Mass.), the space of which is reserved for some of the better jokes taken from exchanges. To us this appears to be a better plan than that of placing them in the exchange column in order to fill up space. "What Is True Success?” is a question well answered in the musical number of College Eehoes (Decorah, la.). Not rarely we hear the answer given, "the accumulation of wealth.” This, however, according to the writer, is a very dangerous standard of success to set for one’s self, as "the mere desire for the almighty dollar will blunt and extinguish the nobler feelings in man, and tend to make him selfish, brutal and inconsiderate of the welfare of his fellow-men.” For this the methods of our money kings give ample proof, to whom nothing is so sacred and so useful to mankind that they may not pervert it to their selfish ends. We may well say of the cartoons in magazines personifying the trusts that they are not exaggera tions but merely the features of some types enlarged. As a contrast to this standard the writer then proceeds to show the "higher, broader and nobler standard of success founded on righteousness” of him who strives with the gifts granted him to benefit his fellow-men. Consequently wealth is for him no e\ ”, and for his acquiring too much there is no possibility, for "he_who makes his wealth a blessing to his fellow-men can never have too much of it.”

ATHLETICS

On October 6 the first scheduled game was played on the U. N. U. campus. The strong Northwestern eleven was defeated by Ripon College by a score of 6 to o. The score does not imply that the visiting team was stronger or faster. The spectators unanimously slate that Northwestern ’ every way superior to Ripon—except in the mastering of the new was m forward pass of the rules of 1906. And there lies the rub. Ripon was unable to gain the required ten yards throughout the game, whereas the local eleven gained almost at will. Capt. Sauer won the toss for Northwestern and chose the south goal. Ripon kicked off. Through a scries of short and long end runs by the tackles and halfbacks Northestern reached the opponents’ fifteen-yard line. The day seemed won, for the opponents offered but little resistance. North western, however, fumbled three successive times on Ripon’s fifteen-yard line. Each time Ripon punted, and at the end of the first half the hall was in possession of the locals in Ripon’s territory. Northwestern kicked off to Ripon in the second half. Now began the play which, as most football enthusiasts agree, has added much t<» make football a less interesting game to spectator and player alike—the forward pass. In less than five minutes the ball was brought to Northwestern’s five-yard line, from where a tackle-back play scored the only touchdown of the game. The game was called at 2 o’clock to give Ripon ample time to reach the north-bound train. Result at the end of the game, 6 to o. Kowalke, Schoewc and Wenzel played a star defensive game. Zcisler, Berg, Hass and Sauer did good work in ground-gaining. Star players for Ripon were Parcs, Smith and Brooks. The lineup follows:

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Ramsey ... . left end........... .......... Schoewc Kaiser .... left tackle......... ............... H ass Pfeifer .... left guard......... ............... PfafT Stewart.... .. center ........... ............. Wenzel Pares......... right guard....... ....... Petermann McNeil.... right tackle....... ................. Herg Davis....... right end......... ........ Nieghorn Smith, Capt . quarter ........... ........... Wcihert Brooks ... . left half.......... ............... Zeisler Armstrong right half......... ... Sauer, Capt. DeBoth ... . fullback............................ Kowalke touchdown, Brooks: goal from touchdown. Smith: referee, McGlew, Sacred Heart; umpires, Yahr and Stern: head linesman, L. Zeisler: time keeper, Diehl: time of halves, 25 and 15 minutes. 142

LOCALS ; 0

—Mr. Julius Wagner of Montello, who attends Concordia College at Springfield and who was called home on account of the death of his mother, visited G. Schlei, 09. on the way back, Thursday, October 5, ’06. —Miss E. Schrocder of Milwaukee visited her brother Carl, Prep., Sep tember 2'). V>6. —A. Zuehlke, A. C, who was in St. Paul during vacation, visited his fellowstudents 011 his way home to Juneau, September 27. —Mr. and Mrs. W. Tackc of Oshkosh visited their son Arthur, Prep.,> Sunday, September 30. —Mi's 1C Musar of Milwaukee visited her nephew, H. Jordan, Prep., Sep tember 23. —C\ Quandt, formerly a member of the class of To, who discontinued his studies last year, was here on a visit October 3. —Rev. J. Win of Norfolk, Neb., visited the institution September 21. —Mr. Prod Kggerl, formerly a student of our college, visited his brother William, ’07, September 20. — II. Kirchner. '10. was home at Lowell September 23. —J. Xieghorn. 07, and E. Kowalke, 08, paid G. Rickcmann of ITelenville, a former cL-smaie of the latter, a visit September 15. —E. Sauer. ’07, was home to attend the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. A. Priebe. Tuesday, ( )cfober 2. —E. Beckmann, Prep., visited his sister, Mrs. E. G. Bchling, at Farmington, September 23. —Mr. W. BicYnborg of New York City visited his son William, Prep., September 22. —J. Jeske. To. attended the wedding of Dr. E. Schreiber and his aunt. Miss Ella Jeske. at Milwaukee. Wednesday. September 26. —Rev. J. C. A. < 'ehm of Zumbrota, Minn., paid C. Brickmann, '09, a visit Wednesday, September 26. —A. Werner, Prep., was home to attend the installation of Rev. Gausewitz Sunday, September 22. — II. Helm. Prep., was home on account of illness from September 22 to the 29th. —J. Schaefer, 08, visited Rev. J. Haase’s family Sunday, October 7. —Quite a number of students attended the dedication of the new church at Rich wood. —Otto and 1 lerbert Koch, ’09 and Prep., respectively, attended the wedding of their brother. Rev. LI, Koch, in Milwaukee, September 20. _o • >v E- F. Dornfeld of Milwaukee visited his son Carl, To, Tuesday, October 2. —Kev. \. uaebenrath of Milwaukee visited his sons Edwin, To, and Ger hard, Prep., Monday, Oct. 1. >43

144

THE BLACK AND KED.

—H. Koch, Prep., was home in Columbus Sept. 8. _rcv. E. Schrader of Milwaukee visited his son Edward, 1 rep., Sunday, _Rev. G. Dettmann and wife of Appleton visited their son Oscar, l- rep., Sept. 22. _H Zutz, A. C., paid friends in Lebanon a visit Sept. 22. —A. Braemer, 07, and C. Baerwald, '10, visited at the latter's home Sept. 16. —E. Zell. ’08, was home at Juneau Sept. 29. —W. Haase, Prep., was home for a visit Sunday, Oct. 6. 4 4 * ■# *

CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

•i

!■

Tii

—Diehl: "The milk is getting thinner every dav.v G - - nth - r: “Yes, it’s time to shingle the cow." —Pitz: "Have you any iojine in this room?" —Scoi says that he’d be a Democrat if this country were a monarchy, for then he'd have a free silver queen. —Student: „Verkaufen Sie .oranges’?” .O H-yn: „Nein, wir haben keine .oranges,’ aber Zwiebeln." —Y - p: "Shall we write our Hebrew with Shakespearian pens ?" —Postman K--bel (writing instructions for the use of his patenl mail boxes) : "To the inhabitants of this room----- ” —Prof, (in Hebrew recitation): ..Ubersetzen Sie Diesen Satz." Scoi: „Wir werden fett an Feinmchl." Diehl: „Sie zestorten ihre Strassen.” Prof.: „Richtig" —Zellv’s s(z)ick. —K - - b -1 (with a dozen or more empty shoe-boxes under his arm. to a senior): "Sav, will you shag these up to school for me? 1 want to get some more." —Sarto (reciting Chaucer): "As lenc was his horse as is a fence-post.” —A certain person, well known to all of us as P - -1 - r, recently boarded a train at some junction. He had passed one or two stations and was peacefully enjoying a good cigar when he found out from a fellow-pas senger that he was being carried in a direction directly opposite to the one in which he thought he was going. Indignantly he'demanded of the conductor that he be taken back to the station just passed. But this answer seemed to satisfy him: "A man that has traveled before knows which way he is going, and if he never rode on a train before, he usually asks which way it is going before he boards it/’

THE BLACK AND KED

145

—We wonder if Bill ever got that green spot out of his coat by rubbing it with “Rock Candy Syrup”? —Judging from the following notice, which appeared on the bulletin board one day, football must indeed be becoming a parlor game: “All those who wish to have their trousers creased, so as to be in trim for the Ripon game, call at room 44.” —Prof.: “But I don’t want you to get all that out of the book.” • Z--1 (reciting from memory): “Oh, I have to get a little start once in a while.” —Prof.: “Husbandman is a higher term for what?” Reddy: “Hayseed.” —Poostic: “Don’t take me in consideration (judge me) by yourself.” —Pointer: “I am catching behind (on) in Latin now.” —prof.: “What English word is related to the Greek ergon?” Colonel: “Air-gun.” —It happened during a scrimmage with the scrubs. Scoi, on end for the ’varsity, was all eyes for an opportunity to win his spurs. Suddenly the ball rolls out from under the pile, Scoi. with a joyful yell, grabs it and runs. Cries of “(in it!” Hurrah for Dan Patch!” “Touchdown!” speed him on to his goal eighty yards away. White line after white line passes under his feet, lie hears footsteps behind him, and then Scoi breaks all records for the sprints. All in vain. A hand touches him, then an arm encircles him and he falls. All hopes of getting his name into the papers are shattered. I le still struggles, but as the voice of his captain yells into his ear, “Scoi, you ran the wrong way,” all strength leaves him. Scoi felt so small that he fell through his belt. But nevertheless he got his name into at least one paper, and gave us a demonstration of what he could do when he did get the ball.

Clothes of Distinction We’re sure we’re not. putting it to strong when we say that our kind of Clothes are Clothes of “distinction.” The garments are certainly very different from the ordinary Ready to Wear Clothing you meet at every turn.

Our Clothing Has Character it comes from Hart. Schaffucr & Marx the best makers kn >wn t. > the trade. The label or li. S. & M. is a guarantee of u it only latest in style, but strictly all, wool, no mer cerized cott »n. Our handsome Fall Suits, our choice Top Coats cannot be excelled, please call and let us show you the latest in Clothing and Haberdashery.

Hertel & Hoffmann

Clothiers and Furnishers 107 Main Street

The Largest Assortmentf

! OSEtheSTARsafetyRAZQR

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes, Sporting Goods

JAOAB,

m Aj

To Be Had in the Cit\. Call and See Us.

IVERTHAN

D. & F. KUSEL 00.

DR. E. J. HOERMANIN T>'

DENTIST Office Hours: 8.30 to 12 A. M.—1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

A kH ■

106 First Street. Next to City hall

For the best Photos

“D. J. Mitchell” 10 Cent Cigar. j Semper Idem Clear Havana Filler,GenuineSumatra Wrapper

“Sea Rose” “The Sose that all are Prais ing.

“Middle West” The Pride of the Empire” The above cigars are guaranteed t.«» he a I wax s as good as tobacco grows by

NEUMANN & KRUEGER, Manufacturers,

119 N. 2nd St.

GO TO

At m right’s ground floor Gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

tti. D. Sproesscr Co. Jewelers

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

PIANOS AND ORGANS

AUG. WIGGENHORN

SI is

Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Street.

WATERTOWN WIS.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS

JEWELER 13 Main Street*

. . . Buchhelt Block.

H. C, REICHERT

of all kinds in Season. Good things to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

Violin. Piano and Harmony

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

' '

TEACHER. OF

Studio 109 Main St. Third Floor. Above Hertel & Hoffmann.

' : ■'

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be rig)it, too.

Ths Sclieinpf Drug Co, Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals.

F. W. KURZWEG

Radtke & Son MANUFACTURE OF

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. 117 West Mr.in St.

Phone 552

OTTO HE YIN BIBLES, SONG BOOKS. CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. 409 Main Street.

DEALER IN

Salick 8: Son Fine Boots, Shoes Jos. ]«welm and Opticians and Rubbers

: t ■

Please Give Us a Trial. We Try to Give Satisfaction.

Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eyes Tested Free.

402 Main Street.

Baseball and Spirting Soods

The Largest Assortment of

i and 3 Main Street.

Rodacks and

Photographic Supplies at

KNICK BROS. ii5 Third St.

Watertown, Wis.

FIRE INSURANCE

FRED GAMM WATERTOWN,

Watertown. Wis.

The August Gamm

Mery and Glassware Go. —Dealers in— Lamps Ciockery Glassware Bar Goods Stone Ware Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

J.J.Toussaint &Son

Wholesale Wines and Liquors

WISCONSIN.

•• v

S'Ul

Sole Importers of the Celebrated R0XHE1MER Rhine Wine

S Main Street

YOU CAN ALWAYS 1 Steam Laundry! GET THE NEWEST HERE... )

WATERTOWN

218 FIRST ST.

WATERTOWN, WIS. &

JVTO matter if it’s Hats, Shirts 1 Collars, Ties or a new Fall Suit 3'ou are looking for, you can always find the correct things here, and a big lot to choose from too. Our Second Floor is a great place for men and boys. Come in—let us show you.

SCHKMPF BROS. CO., The Big Ca.sh Store

J Only first-class work done. | |

G. J. SPRAGUE, Prop. VWVVVVV'vVvN

JPECKE 3 GITAMS DEALERS IN

Fruits 1 Staple and Fancy Groceries.

SEAGER’S

Rarber Shop and Ilafi) Rooms 108 MAIN STREET

5 Baths for $100 J. C. SEAGER. Prop.

Ben Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

Hew east end Barber Shop Gorder Block. 604 Main Street

All •roods delivered promptly to all parts of the city free of charge.

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

ff. £ a i*t

1 -1

*' \ IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS | AND SATISFACTORY

PDotos

1! K

...GO TO...

Watertown PDoto go.,

M. J

W.M. liUOIllIKIT.

WOODARD,

Vice-President.

President.

K.J. BRANDT.

F. E. WOODARD,

2 Vice-President.

Cashier.

BANK OF WATERTOWN INCORPORATED MAY 1. 1854.

DONNER GALLERY Special Rates made to Students, f rd?cr/t(fa/

DIEGES & GLUST

'•If wo made it., it’s right”

WHY PAY $5.00

Official Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations.

9£Se

CLASS PINS, WATCHES, FRATERNITY PINS, DIAMONDS, MEDALS, CUPS, Etc.. JEWELRY,

FOR A

SAFTV

HA/OR

NEW YORK

WHEN YOU CAN RUY

Scftlueter Bros'.

THE “EVER READY”

MERCHANT

WITH 7 BLADES

25 JOHN’S ST.

lO CENT CIGAR AND

: :

ARC

i|*

LEAD

5C CIGAR

THEM

ALL.

105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

!•,

FOR 81 AT

Ula ft. Pritzlaff $t Co. 307 Ma-irv Street.

•i

! i

Dr, A. J, Schlueter

DR. T. F. SHINNICK

DENTIST

Office Hours. 9 to 11 a. m. 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p. rr\.

Office 115 MAIN Phone 89-x

a ••

313 Main Street Over Gruet/.maclier's Store.

Watertown. Wis.

Residence, 208 N. 5th St. Phone 273-x.

For Style, Fit and Economy Leo21DRuesch’s Shoes West f$ain. WEAR

GAMUTS CORNER DRUG STORE At Main and First Sts.

Par? Drugs and tlbdicines

It’s Easy to be Satisfied When you come to us to buy. Our enor mous stock affords an excellent assort ment to choose from, and the quality of our goods, is such that you have confi dence in them. For this season we can say and that without exaggeration that there is not another stock in the City so complete both in Men’s and Young Mens’s Suites and Overcoats and at prices to suit all. You will also find the best and largest stock of Shirts, collars, Neck wears, hats, caps and Underwear in the City all in the Latest Styles and Fabrics. A call at our store will con vince you of these facts.

Domestic and Havana Cigars PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALTY. Your patronage respectsully so licited.

Read tHe

WATEIUOWN DAILY LEADER v

\ V

^ Watertown’s Up= l vj

to=date

Morning

Paper.

WEGENIA1-FABER-KAERCHER CO. Phone 823. 217 Main. 106 3rd St.

Any Man Can Walk Farther :• r

4’

Now we can fit your feet a thousand times

]

better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago-and you’ll save from two to four

■ I Ul *4

think better, work harder, and rest more effectivelv when his feet are comfortable.

dollars.

•

W •

Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific

ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

606-608 Main St.

College and Class Caps i

YOU ALL KNOW

Are Great Producers of College Loyality and Class Spirit. The best Colleges in the country wear them. Petttbone makes them. No.2fii—English Eton Cap.of all-wool flannel, colors, per dozen. $10.50. No 267 Same as No. V6"». but made of good quality doth, per Dozen. $18.50. Send for our handsome Cataherue No. 817 il lustrating and describing uniforms. Caps. Oxford Caps and guvns. Pennants. Flags. Class Pins. Cadet Equipments and Novelties. Etc. College necessities and :undrles. Novelty catalogue ‘•Something for Everybody” free. The Pleasant View Cadets” ;i College Story. Free.

WE KEEP the BEST FRUIT in TOWN.

the Pcttibone Bros, ltlfg. go-

BADGER STATE or LATES r OUT GIGAF-

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

THE PLACE

I s i

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Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, November, 1906.

LITERARY

Number 6

A Yachting Incident. PHILIPP II. KOEHLER *09.

It was on a fine summer day in the middle of the month of July that two boys living near one of Minnesota’s beautiful lakes agreed to go sailing. They were boys who had been brought up as sailors, and one of them was the owner of a beautiful yacht. The day was extremely mild, with a gentle breeze prevailing, which soon increased and devel oped into a gale. After some moments of preparation they weighed anchor and let out the sail. Soon ihc sail began to draw and before long they were skimming over the dancing waves at a lively rate. They displayed their skill in the handling of their boat in every possible way. W hile they were thus enjoying the sport to their hearts’ content, they began to mitiee that a large bank of clouds was spreading rapidly over the heaven -.. Soon a few faint flashes of lightning could be seen, which were fo11." ,( d by the low rumbling of distant thunder. All at once the thunder began to roll as though a tremendous explosion had occurred. The lightning came in brilliant flashes and the deafening thunder peals n--\v followed each other in rapid succession. The waves grew higher and higher. Every now and then a wave would come gushing into the boat. The rain was coming down in fearful torrents and the two sailors were on the point of giving up all hopes and despair ing when their boat was capsized and they were sent sprawling out . into the threatening waves. They were both well versed in the art of swimming, but the waves were so high that it was a matter of doubt whether or not they would reach shore in safety. r They exerted their efforts to the utmost in order to save themselves. 1 ime and again one or the other would say, “I can t hold out any longer,” but still they struggled on. It seemed as though they pos sessed superhuman strength, for who would have thought that any human being could hold out very long in such wild waters? At last, atter untiring exertion of strength, they reached the shore. One of the )°ys fell into a swoon and the other was lying upon his back for a °ng while before he was able to help his companion. . . After the storm had raged about an hour or so, the rain cease

154-

TUB BLACK AND KBB.

and the sun appeared. It took our adventurers some time before they could gather enough strength to walk about. But finally they were able to do so and they arose and tried to ascertain where they were. They found that they were just opposite the place for which they had set out on their cruise. After some time of hunting they espied their boat out in the lake about a mile from shore. They walked to the nearest boathouse and asked for a row-boat. Having received permission to use one, they set out to regain their yacht. They succeeded, but not without some mighty efforts, for they had to turn the boat over. They pumped the water out of it and then set out for home. At home they were received with tears of joy, for they had been given up for lost. After they had exchanged their wet clothes for dry ones they related their adventure. The boys themselves often think of this experience, and how narÂ rowly they escaped death in such a watery grave. * ' \ '

* * * * f

Da.s Erziehungswesen der Roemer. ALEXANDER S1TZ, â&#x20AC;&#x2122;09.

V :

Es ist aufifallend, dass der romische Staat, obwohl er (lurch allorlci Ehcgesctze dem Yerfall der Sittcn entgegenzuwirken suchte. denim; h die Erziehung der Jugend vollstandig den Eltern uberliess. l)enn man rnusste doch meinen, dass in Rom der Staat die Erziehung in die Hand genommen hatte; gait doch hier, wie in Sparta, der Grundsatz. dass der einzelne fur die Gesamtheit da sei. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m das romische Erziehungswesen verslehen zu konnen, muss man das Yerhaltniss dcr Kinder zu ihren Eltern genau kennen. Gleich nach der Geburt brachte man das Kind zum Vater: hob er es auf, so crklarie er es damit fur ein Mitglied seiner Familie, andernfaFs wurde das Kind ausgcsetzt. Jrgend ein Yergehen von seiten der Kinder strafte er nach seinem eigenen Ermcssen, und konnte dabei so weit gehen, dass er sie verbannte, in die Sklaverei verkaufte oder sogar toten liess. Aber so grausam diese Bestimmungen uns auch erscheinen mdgen, so erlitten sie in Wirklichkeit doch einige Bcschrankungen. So setzte man die Schne und auch die altcsten Tochter nur dann aus. wenn sie ganzlich missgestaltet waren. Auch wurde ein Sohn, der sich mit Zustimmung des Yaters verheiratet hatte, nicht in die Sklaverei verkauft. Beabsichtigte der Yatcr, schwerc Strafen fiber seine Kinder zu verhangen, so war es Sitte, dass er eine Yersammlung der Freunde und Yerwandten zusammenrief; ihrem Vrtcil musste er beistimmen, wenn er die offentliehe Meinung nicht verletzen wollte. Die Kinder erhielten somit ihre kdrperliehe und geistige Ausbil-

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dung unter den Augen der Eltern. Bis zu ilircm siebenten Lebensjahrc standcn die Knaben und Madchen unter der direkten Aufsicht der Mutter, die sie in der Muttersprachc unterrichtete. Nacli dem siebenten Jahre erbieltcn die Knaben cinen Lchrer, die Madchen aber blieben unter dcr Aufsicht der Mutter, bis sie sich verheirateten. Wenn die Knaben nicht in dcr Scliule waren, so beglcitctcn sic beslandig den Vater. Von ilim lernlen sie reiten, scluvimmen, mit der Faust kampfen und die VVaffcn fiihrcn. Nabm dcr Vater cine hoherc Stellung ein, so war der Sohn beim Enipfang dcr Gaste immer anvvesend, lernte ill re Xamen ur.d ihren Rang kennen und eignete sich eine allgemeine Kenntnis dcr politischen Verhaltnisse an, Bcsass der Vater cinen Sklaven, der fahig war, die Kinder zu unterrichten, so libergab cr dieseni den L’ntcrricht; andernfalls konntc er die Kinder gegen Vergittigung zu e:nem Frcunde senden, der cinen Lehrer hat it*. So cntwickelte sich schon in friihester Zcit die romische Flementarschule. .lose wurde so wold von Madchen als aucli von Km.ben besucht. d.ich kam es wold selten vor, dass die Madchen langcrc Zeit zur Schule gingen. da das romische Madchen sich schon sehr jung verheiratetc. In dicsen Klciuoniarschulen wurden die Kinder im Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen uiiierrichtet. Man legte besonders vicl Gcwicht auf Kopfrechnen und das Auswendiglernen der Zwolftafelgesetze, die sogar Cicero noch lcrnen uiusstc. Xach dem zweiien punischen Kriegc kam zuerst in cinzelnen Familien, sedann immer allgemcincr der I’nterricht dcs griechischcn Sprachlchrers 1 in u. I’.ei diesem wurde Homer gelescn und erklart, wobei der Lehrer. ie nacli seiner Befahigung. auf allerlei Fragen aus der Geographic, Astrnm-.mie, Logik, Ethik, Plivsik. Mythologie und Gcschichte cinging. In almlicher Weise wurden spater aucli die lateinischen Klassiker gelescn. Iloch da alle diese Facher nicht im Zusammenhange, som’em nur fragmentarisch behanclelt wurden, so muss dieser Gnterriclu als rrv Pkommen bezeichnct werden. Die hocliste Suite d'*r romischen Erzichung bildeten die Rhetorcnschulcn, die ausschlicsslich griechisch waren. Sie wurden mit wenigen Ausnahmen nur von Jiinglingen aus den besseren Standen besucht. Hier wurden die Prosaschriftsteller gelescn. aber der ITaupt- und Endzwcck war der, die Jiinglinge zu Rednern auszubildcn. Es war keine bestimmte Greuze festgesetzt, wic bei uns das einundzwanzigste Jahr, fiir die Mundigkcitserklarung des Jiinglings. \ iel kam dabei auf seine korperliche und geistige Entwickelung an. melir noch vielleicht auf das Zeitaltcr, in dem er lebte; denn zur Zeit der Republik war man stronger, als zur Zeit der Kaiser. Im allgememen kann man sagen, dass dcr Jiingling das Biirgerrecht zwischen I'om vierzchnten und siebenzchnten Lebensjahrc erhielt. Er wurde alsdann mit

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der toga virilis bcklcidct und war nun ein vollbcrcchtigter Burger dcs romischcn Staates. * .f j * * Luther ©Js Musikfreund.

Wic Dr. Martin Luther als Refonnator und als Schopfer der neuhochdeutschen Sprache den Geschichtsfreunden und l’hilologen aller Zeitcn von hoheni lntcrcssc sein wird, so werden auch die Musiklicbhaber seinen Lcistungen als Komponist slots gebiihrenden Beilall zollen. Wenn er auch der Musik nicht so viel Zeit gewidmet hat wie tier Theologie, .so hielt cr sie doch nach dicscr am hochsten in khren. h'.r schrieb herrliche Tonstiickc und sang und spielte sie auch moisiorhaft. Aus seinen Studienjahren wiissten wir wohl nichts. ausser was er uns selbst mitgeteilt hat, wenn er nicht als Laulenspielor uml als ein tuchtiger Sanger die Aufmerksamkcit seiner Mitscluilcr auf sich gelenkt hatte. Das Lautenspiel erlernte er ohne Lchrmeister, als er Gnmal wogen einer Verletzung am Bein z.u Hausc liegen nnisste. Lass er ein begabter Sanger war, wissen wir ja schon aus soinem iruhcivu 1-eben, i-.r hekam als er mit anderen Currendeschiilcrn vor den Tiiren sang, sparer eine zwar nicht Starke, aber doch weithin vernehmbwe, hohe Stimme und iibte sie in Freundeskreisen auf der Hochschule zu krfurt. In den ersten stiirmischen Jahrcn seiner olTentlichen Wirksamkeii stand ihm wohl keine Zeit zur Verfiigung, so class er sich niclu viol mil der Musik abgeben konnte. Aber wo bietet sich uns ein lieblicheres Biid im Leben unseres Dr. Luther dar, wo tut sich uns die sail fie. liebreiche Seite seiner Xatur choner kund. als wenn er sich im Kreisc seiner Kinder damit ergotztc, class er Lieder aller Art mil ihnen einubte. Da er aber erst die neue deutsche Sprache gesclvalTen hatte, musste er, wenn er deutsche Lieder haben wollte, se’bst welche dichten und die Musik dazu komponieren. Das hat er auch getan. und seine Jlelodieen sin cl nicht verloren gegangen, sondern werden forlbestchcn, solange es noch cine Christenfamilie gibt, in deren Mitte ge’stlicher Gcsang gepflegt und gcschatzt wird, Hier soil nur das schonstc von seinen Liedcrn genannt werden. Was erhebt unsere Herzen am Wcihnachtsfcste mehr, als wenn Kinderlein mit gliickstrahlenden Gesichtern sein "\ om Himmel lioch” jubelnd anstimmen? Fs ist gerade, als ob Luthers gauze Weihnachtsfreude sich in dies Lied hineingedrangt hatte. Das zeigt. class Luther nicht nur in seinen gcwaltigen Schriften, sondern auch in seinen Tonsliicken die Kunst besass. seine tiefsten Gefiihle so auszudriicken, dass auch unscre Herzen davon ergrilTen werden.

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Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF . henry

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EDITOR-IN CHIEF BUSINESS MANAGERS.

GEORGE N HE I K I OSW \LD III NS I* I -

BUSINESS MANAGER ASST. BUSINESS MANAGER DEPARTMENT EDITORS.

EDWIN SAUER. SIGMUND l*KOU< I EDGAR (il l N l lli |< A DA I.BEK T S'. II \U.i-.R ERWIN KOWU.KI

ATHLETIC EDIT OR. ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LOCAL EDITOR CAM BUS AND CLASSROOM

( otitrilimiiiu* i.. ■ •, i.u\ IV-pariim-iit are requested from alumni and undergraduates, All litrrary matter -! I (ressod to the E litT-in-Clitel and all business communications to the Business manager. The terms •>! ' i ...... are?; cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, io cents Mumps noj :«••• .-pie i . : • Notify it> if vi>u wish vonr a I Iresscba:i ge l or your paper discontinned rite Black and Red . i r led pi all .subscribers until order for itsdiscontuiuaiion is received and until all arrearages are ; .1. ; Entered at tin I’ - <. • I Watertown. Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

It i • a deplorable fact that a large number of our studei.ts sever, or at least seem to sever, all connec tions with our institution immediately upon leaving it. C )ccasionally we manage to hear something about them through the medium of their classmates, hut in most cases we arc unable to do even that. Xow. why is this? Why cannot we manage to receive a goodly number of personal notes from the members of our alumni as well as other colleges do? Mow is it that they can get word from their former students and we not? The reason is very obvious. The members of their alumni take an interest in the college paper of their Alma Mater, hut ours do not. What's the I! lack and Red to some of our alumni members? A large number of them do not even subscribe to it. far A Word to the Alumni.

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be it from the fact that they ever let a person hear from them, Well, if those alumni members are trying to kill our college paper, they're on the right path. How can we expect any one else to take an interest in our college paper if they do not? If we cannot look to our former students for assistance, to whom arc we to look? Xo, alumni members, please do not act so indifferently toward the Black and Ri:n, the college journal of your Alma Mater. You don’t intend to forget your Alina Mater, why then do you want to forget the Black anh Kkd? Assist the editors in their work by sending some personal notes every now and then. You all understand that the Black and Kkd is not published for the sake of making money (if it is we are failing to attain our end, for some of our subscribers are unusually delinquent in paying their subscriptions), but in order to keep our alumni in touch with the pro fessors and students of our institution. Some alumni member may perhaps say, “To whom are we to send Well. our notes, seeing that there is no alumni editor on the staff? to him we would say that so far we have had none, but that we have one now. We saw the necessity of having an alumni editor, and we therefore elected Sigmund Probst, '09, to that office. Class secretaries, especially are requested to assist him in his work and to endeavor to keep their classmates in touch with our institution. If you have any notes, send them to the alumni editor; the more the better. The Black and Red is your paper as well as ours, its success depends as notch upon you as upon us, and it is your duty as well as ours to assist in putting forth a college journal that is worthy of our institution.

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One of our national holidays. Thanksgiving Day, is Thanksgiving Day well-nigh at hand again, and it is therefore but appro priatc to say a few words concerning it. This holiday is evidently suggested by the Jewish feast of taber nacles. or by their “teat of ingathering at the end of the year.” At that time the Jews were wont to come together to thank God for-their rich harvests, and we find that this holiday was very rigidly observed by them. The first traces we have of Thanksgiving as we celebrate it to day arc to be found in the history of the Pilgrim Fathers of New England. In the autumn of the year 1C?21 the earliest harvest thanks giving in America was celebrated by them at Plymouth. During the Revolution Thanksgiving Day was ’a national institution, and it was annually recommended by Congress. After the general thanksgiving for peace in 1784, there was no national appointment until the year 1789, when Waslvngton recommended a day of thanksgiving for the adoption of the constitution. But the official recommendation for

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Thanksgiving Day was mainly confined to New England, where regular annual proclamations were issued by the governors, where the day was observed with religious services, and where it was the principal social and home festival of the year. During the civil war President Lincoln issued proclamations recommending special thanksgiving for victory in 1892 and 1863, and a national proclamation in 1863 and 1864. Since then the president annually issues proclamations appointing the last Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day. ■?» -?» * -* -f

The first gymnasium at Northwestern University was Our Gymnasium built in the year 1877. The students, who were then far less than 200 in number, assumed all the costs, and even assisted in the erection of the structure, which was little more than a large shed. I ater. as the Turning Society increased in size, the build ing was enlarged and improved, a floor was put in and it was made warm enough t-» le used in winter, which before this was out of the question. In thL manner our gymnasium, which is still in use, came into existence. When ore C< 'iders that the students received little if any outs'dc help in their euterj rise, the building is all that one could expect. But through constant use. and through the effects of wind and weather, it is now in such a condition that it is next to impossible to heat it on very cold days, and the students are not encouraged to make the use of it that they would under better conditions. As it is. one's fingers are continually numb while one exercises in the winter months, and often the dust, which lias been accumulating in every crack and crevice for years, drives ore into the open for a breath of fresh air. At a boarding school, especially, it is absolutely necessary that one take daily exercise, but within the last few years the lack of interest in gymnasium work has become really alarming. This lack of interest can be ascribed only to the poor accommodations, and present indica lions lead one to believe that the attendance at the regular exercises will he even less this year than it has been heretofore. A new and fairly good building would undoubtedly revive the old-time interest and spirit w.rh which the boys practiced every new trick and feat. But must the students do the work and bear the expense once more? There has been a rumor afloat that some of the wcaltlrcr members of the synod ban planned to loosen their purse-strings, and to give the students a gymna sium, but as yet nothing has come of it, except that a contractor appeared on the grounds one day to see if the old building could be unwed. The person who begins a movement that will result in the means wherewith to build a gymnasium may rest assured that he will have the lasting friendship of the entire student body, as it has been waiting

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anxiously for years for some one to begin the good work that will obtain for it a new gymnasium. * * * * *

ALUMNI Die Kunst des Vorlesens als Bildungsmittel. 0. II AG EDO KN. q«.

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(Schluss.) Wic lernt man vorlesen?—clas ist die letzte Fragc, die wir bier zu bcantwortcn liabcn. Wir musscn uns hicr auf cinige allgemeine und wichtige Regeln bcsciiranken. 1.) Man muss vor alien Dingen bei dem A B C anfangen. I 'as A B C beim Vorlesen ist die Ausbildung cincs guten Konversalionstones. I)er forciertc Ton, in welchem man gewohnlich best, und dor auf die Lange den Hals des Redners ebenso unfchlbar ruiniert wie die Xcrven des Horers, muss eincm natiiriichen, leichten, r.ber vollen und soliden Kmiversationstone weichen, der beim Vorlesen die Grundlage bildet. Das lernt man freilich nicht in einer Stunde. Es gchort dazu vicl /.eit, Fleiss, Sorgfalt und Geduld. Der Anfangcr wird zuerst schon uach einer Viertelstunde Mudigkeit und Schmerz im liaise spiiren, e’n sicheres Zeichen, dass er noch nicht natiirlich genug gelcsen hai. Er hore dann auf, denn weiteres Ucben wiirdc ilnn nur schaden, und mache cs das nachstc Mai besser. Bald wird er es langcr auHialten. Aber erst wenn er es dahin gebracht hat, dass er stundenlang ohne \nstrengung lesen kann, hat er sich den Konvcrsationston vbllig angeeignet. Als Uebungcn sind hier besenders Dialoge zu cmpfehlen. die fast durchweg in diesem Tone gehalten sind. Audi kleine K'mlergeschichten und Yolksmarchcn bieten cinen vorzugliehen Lebung>-io!T. Xur ia niclits Schweres, Pathetisehes, Feierliches eder DidakiLcnes! 2.) Man gewohne sich von vornherein daran. megliehst wenig ins Buch zu sehen. So lange man die Augen fortwahrend auf die Buclistaben geheftet hat, ist der Vortrag nicht frei, nicht naturlich. Audi '-sf das Augc als Ausdrucksmittel beim richtigen Rcden fast unuiiterbmchen in Anspruch genommen. Durch langere I'ebung kann man es dahin bringen, dass man einen nicht allzulangen Satz mil einem kurzen, fiir die Horer fast unmerklichen Blicke uberschaut und ihn dann frei spricht. Hierin liegt auch das Geheimnis des schnellen Memoviercns Wenn jemand cine lialbe Stunde lang an zehn Zeilen memorieren muss, so ist das weniger ein Mangel an Gediichlnis aks vielmehr ein Mangel an Methode; er hat nicht gelcrnt und bemiiht sich nicht, einen ganzen Satz mit eincm Male aufzufasscn und schlagt sich mit einzelnen Wdrtern herum. :\.) Stimme und Geberde stehen in engster Wechselbeziehung. lch werde z. B. die Wortc: “Guten Morgen. Herr Meyer” am natiirlichsten und ungczwungensten aussprechen, wenn ich sie mit einer

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Verbeugung unterstiitzc; wiedcrum wire! mir die Verbeugung am besten gelingcn, wenn ich diese oder ahnliche Worte dabei spreche. Man gehe, stelic, setze sich, bediene sicli des Auges, der Iiande mid des ganzen Korpers. jenachdem der Sinn der gelesenen Worte es erfordert, und man wird dadurch nicht nur das Gelesene besser zum Ansdruck bringen, sondern aucli die Stimme bilden lielfcn. Besondcrs sei liicr der Gcsichtsausdruck erwahnt. Der starre. finstere Gesichtsausdruck. den so vielc Rcdncr sicli zu Anfang ihre Karriere (lurch angestrengtes Mcditieren und mcclianisches Mcmorieren angeeignet liaben, den sic meistens nie las warden, und der oft in lacherlichem Gegeusatz zu dem Sinn Hirer Rede stehl, ist cines der gressten ITindernisse der natiirliclien Rede. Das "Guten Morgen, Herr Mever” wird bei cinem freundlichen Laclieln ganz anders klingen, als bei zusammcngezogcnen Drauen und starren Gesiclitsmuskeln. 4) Um sicli an das Publikum zu gewohnen, nehnie man jede Gelcgenlieit wahr, wo man es oline Aufdringliclikeit kann, scinen Hausgcnossen, Freunden u. s. w. ctwas vorzuiesen. eine kurze Anckdote oder sonst etwas kurzes und leichtes. Man lindel in P.uehern und Zeitungen oft dergleiehcn Sachen, die sich hierzu vortrefllich eignen. Man bewahre sie sich auf oder schreibc sie ab und nehnie sie mil. wenn man in eine Gescllschaft gelit. Die Gescllschaft wird eineni oft selir dankbar sein, wenn man sie ein Yiertelstiindclien auf diese Woise unterhalt. Ks Hessen sich noch vielc Regeln anfiihren. die fur den Vorlcser von grossem Xui/.en sein kennen. Die Hauptsache ble'bt aber, dass er lleissig arbeilet. Ms isi aucli in dicser Kunst noch kein Meister vom Ilimmel gefallen. Der grosse Demosthenes vcrschmahte es nicht. die gcwdhnlichsten Siinnn-, Sprach- und Gestenubungen durchzumachen; er zwang sich dazu. indem er sich die eine Seite seines Schcitels schor, so dass er einige Monate das Mans nicht verlasscn konnte. Wclche Miilie lasst man es sich nicht kosten. manche andcre Kunst zu erlcrnen! Lesen, Schre ben. Recbncn, Zeichnen. Musiziercn—das alles sind Kiinste. die man nur mil grosser Muhc erlernt. Nahen, Stickcn, Kochen lernt man aucli nicht im Schlaf. Und docli lernt ein jeder Mcnscli eine gauze Anzahl soldier und ahnlichcr Kiinste, Und wenn er sich mit der Vorlesekunst, die ja die natiirlichste aller Kiinste ist, nur lialb so viel Miihe gibt, so kann der Erfolg nicht ausble'ben — er miisste es denn ganz verkehrt angefangen liaben. Es kann zwar nicht jeder ein Demosthenes warden, aber es kann sich jeder in dieser Kunst um einige hundert Prozent vervollkommncn, und das ist schon etwas grosses. Zum Sellluss wird es vielleicht nicht ganz iiberfliissig sein, auf die logische l'olgerung aufmerksam zu maclien, die sich aus dieser Ausfuhrung ergibt. W’ir bemoosten Haupter, die wir liier versa mm el t sind.

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werden uns wold schwerlich bcwcgcn lasscn, dicsc Kunst persdnlich niehr zu pflegen als bisber. Wenn wir abcr deni Ausgcluhrlen zustimmen, so sollten wir don Einlluss, den wir habcn. dazu verwenden, dass in unscrcn Schulen und Anstallcn sic mchr als bisber gepllcgt wird.

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—F. C. Lindenscbnddt, a former attendant of the academy, entered the medical school of Northwestern University of Chicago after leaving our institution, from which college he received bis doctor's degree a few years later. He is practicing in Milwaukee. —Among former students who have continued their studies at the Uni versity of Wisconsin this fall are: John Whyte. '05. who is taking a post-graduate course in the German department; Alexander T. Uehling, who graduated from the academy in 1003. is a senior in the School of Commerce; Ralph Wiggenhorn, '04, is a senior in the College of Letters and Science, and is also enrolled in the Law School: Theodore Hover, a member of the class of 1905, has elected chemistry in the pharmacy department as his major study: previously he has been engaged in one of the drug stores of Watertown ; Gilbert Diesiler, '05, who attended the university a number of years, being a junior last semester in the School of Engineering, is at present working in the northern part of the state under the direction of Professor Mead, professor of hydraulic and sanitary engineering, lie intends to take his degree in 1908. —After having spent a number of years in procuring a commercial edu cation at our institution, Gustave and Emil Prasser entered into the employ of their father, who at that time conducted a furniture store in Milwaukee. Some time later the business was turned over to the sons, under whose management it prospered and grew to such an extent that it is ranked as one of the leading retail and wholesale furni ture houses in the state. —Wiliam Herrmann, ?95, who for some time has been pastor of a con gregation at Fairburn, W is., has resigned his position and has entered the University of Chicago, devoting especial attention to English philology. —After graduating in 1905, Ernest Hcilmann took a course at the Uni versity of Minnesota, from which he received his A. 1L degree last June. He is now teaching mathematics and sciences at the Antigo high school, Antigo, Wis.

Qvir Contemporaries Lost, strayed or stolen—The Ouachita Ripples (Arkadelphia, Ark.). 'The exchange editor of The Miiror (Philadelphia, Pa.) is evidently pursuing the wrong "object" when he says that the object of his depart ment is to print the jokes that appear in his exchanges, and then confirms his statement by placing the likeness of some funny looking creature, presumably a jester, at the head of his column. An exchange column is a college paper’s medium for corresponding with its contemporaries, nothing more, nothing less. If this l.c true, then jokes are out of place therein, as they impart nothing to our exchanges from which they may derive even the smallest amount of profit. The athletic column con tacts an instructive article on "Lathing." As once stated before, it would be desirable if every athletic editor were to have a similar article appear in his column regularly. In the oration. "The Patriot," in Doanc Owl (Crete. Neb.) the orator explains what in our opinion appears to be the only feasible plan for improving our present day conditions. In order to improve this condi tion, each individual should, according to his suggestions, feel that a part of the responsibility in the cleansing of our present methods of politics rests on him. When once he feels this respors’bility. he will naturally endeavor t.» become intelligent concerning them, and at the same time "to think these matters out to a solution." Such a man is a patriot. And when once these facts dawn on .the majority ol our citizens beneficial results are sure to follow. In the first paragraph of the oration the orator has not proceeded in line with his first sentence, tor. after asserting that "Nations have thousands of loyal citizens but few patriots." he enumerates the general characteristics of a patriot without, however, demonstrating in what respects he differs from a per son who is merely a "loyal citizen."—That the author of "Real Life versus Still I ife" is a 1 ember of the fairer sex could easily be seen, even though she had tn’ed to conceal the fact. Such intresting and mi nute descriptions of appearances in nature and incidents in daily life could hardly be expected to flow from the pen of the average young man, of whom there are two classes: the one too careless to observe nature or the little occurrences in daily life, the other so deeply engrossed in other matters of seemingly greater importance that it has no time for these apparent trifles. Exchange editor of So-To-Speak (Manitowoc, Wis.). the remarks in your miniature exchange column—which represents hardly an hour s work—are too brief and abstract. \ paper can profit little from criti cisms touclrng merely on outward appearances. "The War of the W inds” contains a contradiction in the first paragraph in the fact that

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the old man is compared with “an animate statue" and in the very next sentence with “a shapeless mass of rock." When making a composition a writer should as first essential have something to say and then proceed to say it in a clear, forcible style, leaving no doubt in the reader’s mind as to what he wishes to impart. Hut what this something may be in “Ye Tale of Ye Young Scholar" we utterly failed to grasp. Furthermore, the two sentences added at the end of the story cannot properly be called moral, A moral in a story is a practical lesson which it attempts to teach, These, however, contain nothing which is in the least didactic. In the article, "Seen on a Train," we are told (presum ably of the spinster) that "their examples of propriety sat up.” etc. After having stretched the various meanings of the word, example, to their utmost tensions we could find none to cover the one given to it in this connection. “High School Life," a poem modeled after Longfe’low’s "Hiawatha." is quite interesting, and, as far as we know, well written. The scene on the. cover of The Exponent (Bozeman, Montana i adds much toward giving the paper an attractive appearance. Anyone wish ing to get a glimpse of early life in the wild ami Woolly West, especially of the dangers connected with the duties of sheriff, can do so bv consult ing "Billy Smith, Sheriff." The Milton College Rczieze (Milton, Wis.) is always a welcome visi tor. The article, "Shakespeare’s Women," briefly characterizes the leading females in the more important of Shakespeare’s plays, which the writer appears to have read with thought and understand ng. "Paddy O’Murphy Flinn’s French Descent,” while being nothing very deep, is nevertheless interesting. At the same time it teaches us that unfortunate circumstances need not necessarily hinder us from realizing our ideals, be they animate or not. For surely Paddy’s shock of red hair was any thing but an inducement to Annie Laurie. "Wanted—By the ‘Black and Red/ an artist," says the Hallowe’en edition of The Hcraldo (Denver, Col.). How do you know? If an artist’s efforts were all that be required to embellish a paper, we would be able to issue one that would cause The Hcraldo to turn green with envy. The Index (Oshkosh, Wis.) is one of our most welcome high school exchanges. Its stories arc, as a rule, quite good, while for neatness and attractiveness it stands second to none. The views in the October num ber are excellent. However, too much space is devoted to athletics in this issue. Progress in athletics should, in comparison with intellectual progress, be regarded as being of only secondary importance, and the space in the college paper be divided proportionately. We wish the editors of The Lake Breeze (Sheboygan, Wis.) every success in their plans for reforms as outlined in the Editorial Prospectus. If they succeed in carrying out but the majority of them, they should

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have a paper of which they may justly he proud. “The Adventure of a Trio” left us the impression of being a somewhat tame affair, though the incidents may have been interesting enough to the participants them selves. ■* * * * -f

ATHLETICS

Carroll, 0. x. w. u., 13. The old time football spirit was restored at Northwestern when the squad defeated the ( arroll team on Oct. 20. The college eleven redeemed itself from the defeat of two weeks ago. Carroll succeeded in making the required distance by straight football but once, which explains Northwestern’s excellent defense. Repeated gains of from ten to fifteen yards give sufficient evidence of a good offense. Xeisler again Idled his last year’s position at quarter. He showed up well, repealed!} making from twenty to thirty yard runs. The for ward pass was plaxed with considerable skill, especially by Schoewe and Xieghorn. The p;.t\ of the day was made by Kowalke, who recovered the ball on a fumble ami ran through the Carroll team for forty yards for a touchdown, guarding off the opponents with his stiff arm. 'file final score was 13 to 0. Carroll. X. W. C. Civre........ .... Wenzel c. .... 1 .uetke McFarland.. r- g. .......... Berg Douglass.... r. t .. Xieghorn James........... r. e. Montgomery .......... Pfaff 1. g .......... Mass Fries............. 1. t ... Weihcrt (Irgemann.. 1. e. ... .Zeisler Kiefer............ q. t> ...........Sauer Williams... . r. h. .. .Schoewe Hamm.......... 1. h ... Kowalke Wheeler........ f. b. Referee, Wendland, Milwaukee: umpire. Prof. Hutchins, Waukesha; touchdowns. Hass, Kowalke: goal, Kowalke; safety, Wenzel; linesmen. Smith and Sprelui, Xeiler: timekeepers, Diehl and McAllister; time of halves, 25 and 20 minutes. N. W. U., 0. Marcpiette, 0. After the local Marquette game on Oct. 27, things could be read in sporting papers like “Against the mighty efforts of Coach Ford’s men Northwestern’s efforts seemed insignificant.” Things are not always what they seem. No spectator of the game can deny that the first time Northwestern got the ball the required distance was made in two downs: 3

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that Schoewe, Kowalke, Berg. ITass and Sauer repeatedly made from four to seven yards. Again. “Pearse snatched the ball on a puni and by a scries of artful dodges carried the pigskin for a distance of thirty yards.” The statement has been made by a neutral spectator that Pearse ought to blush at being praised for deeds he never accomplished. “ With an offense that literally swept the Lutherans off their feet. . . Now in the name of justice, could anyone call an offense that makes the required distance of ten yards but once during the entire game a very “sweeping” offense? The fact is that twice the exceedingly high wind prevented Northwestern from scoring, in the first half on a forward pass near the south goal, which fell short of the mark, and in the second hall a place kick by Kowalke was turned aside by the strong wind. It may be said to the credit of Marquette that they knew better how to handle the punts than did Northwestern. X. w. u. Marquette. . . . Xieghorn r. c. Pearse............ . . ------- P» erg r. t. Morrow........ W'esterhauj* Winding........ r. ?v .... Wen/.el Murphy......... c. ...............PfalT Harkins........ 1. S ............. I lass Manning____ 1. t .. . . Wcihcrt Foley............ 1. c. .........Xeisler Weston.......... q. 1). Nolan............ ...........Sauer r. h Files.............. f. b. .. . Kowalke Hake............ 1. h ,... Schoewe Referee, Wendland; umpire. Jennings; linesmen, Sprehn, Jacobs; timekeepers, Diehl, Bach; time of halves, 25 and 20 minutes. Lawrence, 16. X. W. l\, 0. Northwestern was defeated at the hands of Lawrence University at Appleton on Nov. 3. When the spectators compared both teams at the beginning of the game many expected an easy victory for Lawrence. Rut the score of 4 to 0 at the end of the first half sufficiently shows that the visitors played excellent ball. The second half was somewhat marred by the incompetence of the umpire. Kowalke and Wenzel for North western and Beyer for Lawrence played a star game. Kowalke made as much as thirteen yards through the opponents* great center Shergcr. Schoewe and Xieghorn showed considerable skill in handling the ball on the forward pass. \\ eihert, who took the place of the crack quarter Zeisler in this game, circled Lawrence’s ends for gains of from ten to fifteen yards. Lawrence. N. W. U. Cassody.... 1. e. .........1 .uetke Ballantyne.. 1. t. .............Hass

TUB Li LACK AND KKIi

107

Taylor......... ....... Pfaff 1- SShcrger........ c. .... W enzel Klaus............ Westcrhaus r- & r. t. Wright......... ............ Berg A Her............ r. e . .Nieghorn I lindcrmaun ... VVeihert q. >> Patterson... 1. h ...Schoewc Hever........... r. h ...........Sauer Folk.............. .. .Kowalke f. 1). Referee, W endland; umpire, Hopkins; linesmen, Stevenson, Zcisler; timekeeper, Sprelin : time of halves, 25 and 15 minutes. ■f f * * -*

DC REBUS AMN1BUS

Im Lanfe <K r let/.ten paar Jahre wurcle unsere Bibliothek um vide Bande vergins.-M.ri. •>«. <lass sie jetzt 7500 Bande zalilt. YVahrend des letzten J-ahro wurdcn die folgenden Bucher in die Liste eingetragen: —W’eligcschichie \ ->n Ilans F. Helmolt. Band fiinf: Siidostcuropa und (Jsteuropa. —Paul vs Real lncvclopadie der classisdien Altcrtumswisseiiscliaft. I leraiisgegelu n vmi ( ieorge Wissowa. A—F. Fiinf Bande. Gcsdienk des Alunmivereins. —Aesthetik und a’lgemeinc Kunstwissenscliaft in denGrundzugen dargestellt von Max Dessoir. — Der moderne Spuk und Geistcrglauhc. Einc Kritik und Erklarung der spiritislisehen Phiinomene. II. Teil des W'erkes AVunder und Wisscnsdiaft”. Hcrausgcgcben von Dr. Richard Hcnnig. —Schillers Dramen. Ileitrage zu ilirem Vcrstandnis. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Pellermann. —Goethe. Sein Leben und seine Wcrke von Dr. Albert Biclschowsky. —liandbuch der klassischen Altcrtumswissenschaft in systematischer Darstellung. Herausgegeben von I wan von Miiller. Bd. V. •!. —Polyglottenbibcl zum praktischen Handgebrauch. Vierter Band, Xeues Testament, Iiearbeitet von R. Stier und K. G. W. Tlieile. —Christliehe Ethik von Dr. 'I'heok Ludwig Lemme. —Lehrbuch der Algebra von Heinrich Weber. —Handbuch der mittelalterlichen und neueren Geschichte von G. v. Below und F. Meinicke. — Die Kultur der Gegemvart. Hire Entwickelung und ihre Ziele. Drei Bande. llerausgegebcn von Paul Hinneberg.

108

THE BLACK AND RED

—Die hellenische Kultur von Fritz Baumgartcn, Franz Poland und Bichard Wagner. —Bibliothek deutscher Geschichte von IT. v. Zwiedencck-Siidenhorst. Erstcr Band. —Politische Geographic odcr die Geographic der Staaten, dcs Vcrkchrs und des Krieges von Dr. Friedrich Ratzcl. —Kleinc Schriften Dr. Frcidrich Ratzels. Ausgewahlt und herausgcgeben von Hans Helmolt. —Kleine Schriften Heinrich Brunns gcsammclt von Hermann P>runn und Heinrich Bulle. Dre: Bande. —Sammtliche Werkc Eduard Morickes in zwei Banden. Hcrausgcgcben und mit einer biographischcn Einleitung vcrschen von Prof. Edm. von Sallwurk. —Lchrbuch der Kirchengeschichte von Dr. Wilhelm Moeller. Driltcr Band—Reformation und Gegenreformation bearbeitet von Dr. Gustav Kawcrau. —Der Herzog von Rcichstadt—ein Lebcnsbild.—von Eduard Wert heimer. —Die Schweiz nebst den angrenzenden Teilen von Oberitalien, Savoycn und Tirol von Karl Baedeker. Handbuch fur Reisende. —Die Ursachen der Rezeption des Romischen Reiches in Deutschland von Georg von Below. —Denkmalcr griechischcr und romischcr Skulptur im Auftrage des k. haver. Staatsministeriums des Inncrn fur Kirchen- und Schulangelcgenheiten herausgegeben von A. ITirtwangler und I I. L. I'rlichs. —Deutsche Sagcn herausgegeben von den Briidern Grimm. —Methodisches Handbuch fur den erdkundlichen Gntcrricht in der Volks-, Burger- und Mittelschule von Richard Fritzsche.

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•i» * * -S*

Our Reading Room.

:• :

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Not long ago T had the opportunity of showing a stranger our new dormitory. It was a pleasure indeed to show him the pretty reception room, the well equipped bathroom, the neatly furnished study rooms, everything as pract:cal as it could be. Last, but not least, 1 opened the door leading into the room which, 1 had informed him. was our reading room. L'pon seeing him trying hard to suppress a smile I immediately became aware of my blunder. But he, I admit, was undoubtedly in the right when he said that this was the first reference room he had seen that contained no books. Somewhat abashed 1 told him that the books and magazines, although the new room had already been finished for about a year, were still in the old reading room. Yes. they still occupy the shelves they have occupied through all these years and unless some movement is made they will remain there for years to come. But

THE BLACK AND KED.

1 <59

why should an ambitious student body, as we consider ourselves to be, tolerate such negligence? Before we had our new reference room, comÂ plaints could be heard daily concerning the present read:ng room. Now that we have an opportunity to greatly better the present conditions no one seems to care to take steps in favor of some movement to have the new reading room put to use. The objections to having the reading room where it is at the present time, in the basement room of the recitation hall, arc too numerous to mention. During the winter months it often becomes so cold that there is but a very slight difference between the temperature within the room and that without. As no books or magazines arc allowed to be removed from the room during the daytime, nothing remains but to try to work in a room having a temperature well nigh the freezing point. Those who do not care to expose themselves to this frigid climate resort to the city library and as a result the students in time lose all interest in the home reading room, which without the patronage of the students cannot exist. Were the reference books and the magazines in the new dormitory, which is constantly heated, this inconvenience would be done away with. The present conditions make it extremely inconvenient to do reference work during study time. It is necessary to carry the books from the reading room and here arises the difficulty with which our reading room ins constantly had to cope, namely the prompt returning of books. At r'u <-s books have been absent from the read'ng room for days, and as a n 11 much inconvenience and trouble has resulted. Were the reference l> â&#x20AC;&#x2122; - in the new building all this running to and fro would be done awa\ \ i:h. With the reference room open during study time it would not be r.cn ssary to take any book from the reading room, which in consequence would be much better both from an economical as well as from a standpoint of convcmence. The present light in the old reading room is miserable, blow can two small gas lights furnish enough light for a good-sized room? This poor light is a chief source of disorder in the reading room, namely, the reposing and reclining on tables near the light. But the qucst:on is, how can we better the present situation? By constant complaining? Xo. The only way is this: The student body must take some decisive step toward devoting this empty room in the dormitory to that purpose for which it was originally intended. Tf immeÂ diate action is not taken in this matter it will most likely be converted either into a study or conference room and all chance for a new reading room will be gone.

LOCALS

—Prof. A. F. Ernst was in Winona Sunday, Nov. 4, to visit Rev. von Rohr. As is perhaps known to some of our readers, the latter made a trip to Europe for his health. After having been there for some time the doctors who attended upon him advised him to return immediately and undergo an operation. When he arrived in Winona the doctors there examined him again and informed him that he must be operated on immediately. Dr. Mayo, from Rochester, Minn., was called by a telegram and performed the operation immediately after lrs arrival. It was found that a tumor had formed, which would have to be re moved. The operation was very dangerous for the patient, but the doctor said that he would live if nothing should happen within two days after the operation. At the time of Prof, Ernst's visit eight days had already passed since the operation and the patient was in the best spirits, entertaining his guests as though he were as healthy as any of them. He will be obliged to go through another operation to have the tumor finally removed, llut before that can take place he must entirely regain his strength through absolute rest, All are therefore kindly requested to refrain from molesting him with letters or personal visits. We all hope that he may overcome the dangers of the coining operation as well as those of the foregoing. —Mr. E. Wendland of the Seminary of Wauwatosa, was here Saturday to accompany the first team to Appleton as referee. —Dr. J. II. Ott was in Milwaukee Saturday and Sunday. —L. Maas of Markesan, Wis., entered the preparatory department Nov. 2. ■f 4 4 4 4

Avis derrv SeminaLrleben

—Herr W. Luebke, Hilfsprofcssor in den deutschen Fachcrn an dem Miami College zu Oxford. Ohio, besuebte seine Klassengenossen, die Herrcn Martin Raasch und Edmund Blicfernicht, dahier am 12. August. —Herr Friedrich Motzkus reiste am 28. September in Bcgleitung seines Bruders Kwald von Milwaukee nach scinen alien l leimatstadt Ludington, Mich, und verweilte dort einige Tagc unter Frcunden und Bekanmen. —Herr Adolf Sauer fungierte als Trauzeuge auf dcr Hochzeit von Fraulcin Maria Zilisch mit llerrn Adolf Priebc am 2. Oktober in Juneau. —Am 12. (Jklober feierte der Cotus gemutlichen Abend. 170

Till; BLACK AND Klin

171

—Herr Pastor Richard Burger von Bloomer, Wis., bcsuchte uns einige Tage an fangs Oktobcr. — Herr Pastor Chr. Sauer von Juneau bcsuchte seinen Sohn Adolf am S. (iktobcr. Audi statletc er unscren Herren Professorcn einen IJesucli ah. — Die llibliotbek des Seminars wurdc diescn ITcrbst von dem Zim mer im ersten Stockwerke, das sich als zu klein erwicsen hat. in ein grnsseres im zweiten Stockwerke verlcgt. Zu diescm Zweck vvurde das nach vorne gelegene Ernie dcr grossen Aula, nachdem es (lurch cine Wand abgeteilt worden war, benutzt. Es wurden neue Ducherbretter augebracbt und aucli Sliihlc unci Tisclic in das Zimmer gebracht. Die lUicher sind n.ich cinem neuen System geordnet und in den Katalog eingetragen. I )ie I lerren Karl Kohler und Otto Engel wurden zu Bibliothekaren ernauut. —Weil Herr Pmf. Kohler nach Ft. Wayne, hid., zur Jntersynodalen Konferenz verreiM war. Helen seine Vorlesungen vom 26. bis zum 26, Oktober atis. —Am 27. ( >ktober reisten cine Anzahl Herren gelcgentlich des Mar quette-Northwestern h'oothall Spiels nach Watertown und statteten l'reunden und Dek.miuen auf unserem Collegium Desuche ab. — Am 27. ( )kiober reistc Herr Walter Haase nach Chicago. Dort spracli er aucli bei llerrn Hans Moussa vor, der an der University of Chicago siudicri. — Die Herren W. Fickmann. Martin Ave Lallemand und Adolf Beckmann von unserem College zu Watertown besuchten uns am 3. November. — Da Herr Pastor C. Jager von Racine krankheitshalbcr sein Fredigtamt auf einige Zeit niederlegen musste, werden die Gottesdienstc in seiner Clemeinde gegenwartig von unseren Herren Professorcn geleitet. Herr Emil Walter erteilt zweimal wall rend der Woche, am Dicnstag und l'reilag nachmittags, Konfirmandenunterricht. — Die Herren Heinrich Hrilendcr und Reinhard Woldt von Mil waukee besuchten uns und speisten mil uns zu Abend am 3. November. November. —Finer Finladung an den Cotus zufolge wohnten eine Anzahl Herren am 31. Oktober der l loch zeit des Herren Pastors A. Sydow von Rib Lake mil Fraulein Fanny Kringel in der Krcutz Kirchc bei. Am Tagc vor der Hochzcit spracli Herr Pastor Sydow im Seminar vor und speiste aucli zu Abend mit den I lerren Studcnten. Es wurden von mehreren Herren Toaste auf das Ehepaar ausgebracht.

CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM I

I: ■

t ) •: '• . -

—Scliuft: “There is a palmist on Fifth street.” Hank Z.: “What’s that, some kind of animal?” —I.. “How will you get home tonight?" II.: “Oh, I'll go home and get my horse and ride home.” —Hans: “La Crosse is going to have a $500 high school.” —Bill: “Reden kannst du wie cine Druckmaschine." —K - - bel: “Let me play center-back.” —Prof.: “Why was such an odd number as 32 used as the freezing point?” Z--1: “Odd number? Thirty-two is an even number.” —When B - hn received a letter saying that a barrel of apples would arrive for him soon, there was great rejoicing in that room for several days. Suddenly he had numerous friends, who willingly offered to help pay the freight and all other charges. Every day B - 1m waited with anxiety for the dray-wagon to bring up the promised “chucking." At last the barrel came, but by mail. It was one of those small barrels used for tacks, and contained five thornapples. —Prof.: “P--k-w, it's time that von turn over a new leaf." —P--k-w: “I tried to. but that leaf came out.” —Because he left his hat at his fiancee’s house the evening before, Russico was compelled to stay at home last Sunday morning. —Prof.. “Uebersclzen sie, ‘Petrus ficl ins Mcer.’" Schuler: “Petrus mult uni in plus.” —Fardlcs: “Say kid, do you know where the third floor is?" —A reminiscence of E. Z. in his poetic days: “Just see, how they be. In their highest glee, Eddie Z. and-------- .’’ —G. L.: “Whenever I hear. ‘Would you care?’ it reminds me of Mozart.” —From a composition: “The rays of the setting sun strike the lower on which we arc standing horizontally." —Kic II: ‘Allc Neutra Stamme auf m sind masculina." —Edw.:: “With tearful hands and trembling eyes----- " —Prof.:• “What is the chief occupation of the people on the Pacific coast ?-’ Puen: “The agriculture of cattle." —Al. “Good night.” Bones: “Let’s see who will sleep first, When you are asleep, whistle.” —Prof.: “What was the greatest achievement of the twelfth century?” Colonel: “The discovery of America.” 172

THE BLACK AND RED.

173

—Simon: “Did they play football in Shakespeare’s time? In line 112 he says down!’’ —Hat: “We've got two sawmills at home, one of them makes flour.’’ —Vir diabolus: “Does Mgr. stand for magister?” —The notoriety that Scci gained by his great backward run has induced others to try to reduplicate the feat. Gieschen and Grimm both put forth their best efforts, but Scoi’s still stands supreme. —Lehrer: “Was heisst, cave cancm?" W - 1 - m • “KafTeekanno.” —Soaps “Ich babe gchort, dass man in Pompeii Brod ausgegraben hat, das noch ganz frisch war.” —Z--1 (das Thema eines Aufsatzes angebend) : “Was verdanken wir I.uther in I.ezichung auf die Vcrwickelung der dcutschen Sprachc?” — h'elix: “Welclic Briickc wird am meisten in W’atcrtown gcbraucht?” — Pr--t: “Die Eselsbrucke.” —Albrecht was sent to the basement to ask for Scoi. Scoi told him, “Tell Anger that I'm not here.’’ lie returned to the room and said, “Scoi savs he i ft there, I cannot find him.”

IT IS 1 GOOD DEAL TO OS TO HAVE TOO BOW That this is headquarters f r the.host, in tilings for men to weir; hut its worth just as ouch to von to have the knowledge. Good evidence < f the fact is we sell Hart schalTner Sc M irx Clothes, Witson Bros, Shirts, Stetson. Tigar and Champion llat<. The host of underwear. Hosiery and everything in Men’s wear, to tie had of the riyht prices at our

New Daylight Cothing Store.

r6™'n«ndeoF,urnUher~ Herte! Sc Hoffmann. STUDENTS PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS. = i

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Photos ...GO TO...

Watertown Photo Co.,

M. J WOODARD, Vice-President.

WJI. HUCnUKIT,

President.

K. J. HRANDT, 2 Vice-President.

F. E. WOODARD,

Cashier.

BUm OF WAIERTOWP INCORPORATED MAY 1. 1854

DONNER GALLERY Special Rates made to Students.

DIEGES & GLllST .•

^ioa/uta/

“If we made it, it's right”

WHY PAY $5.00

Official Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations.

PT PINS WATCHES, FRATERNITY PINS, DIAMONDS, MEDALS, CUPS, Etc.. JEWELRY,

FOR A

SAFTY

RAZOR

NEW YORK

WHEN YOU CAN BUY

Schlueter Bros'.

THE “EVER READY”

MERCHANT

WITH 7 BLADES

25 JOHN'S ST.

lO CENT CIGAR AND

ARC

LEAD

5C CIGAR

THEM

ALL.

105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

$ ■■

FOR §1 AT

Ulm. 0. Pritzlaff $ £o. 307 Maun Street.

e i

Dr. A. J. Schlueter DENTIST

DR. T. F. SHINNICK Office Hovirs. 9 to 11 a. m 7 to 8 p. m.

2 to 4 and

Office 115 MAIN Phone 89-x 313 Main Street Over Gruetzmacher’s Store.

• *

Watertown, Wl».

Residence, 208 N. 5th St. Phone 273-x.

Any Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective

ly when Ins feet are comfortable. Now we can fit your feet a thousand times better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago—.and you’ll save from two to four A

dollars.

Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientificfill v constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

College and Class Caps

606-608 Main St.

YOU ALL KNOW THE PLACE

RO’S Are (.rent Pro lurers of rnllose Loyality and Class Spirit. Tin* host Colleges in the country wear them ivttibone makes them. No. x'(>r> - English Eton Cap. of all-wool tlannel, colors, uer dozen. Sin.-iO. No. 2(17 Same as No. v<!'». lint made of good quality cloth, per l>«zo*i. *18. fill. Send for our handsome CatalaMUe No 817 il lustratin'; and describing uniforms. Cups. Oxford Caps and g»wns. Pennants. Flags, Class Pins, Cadet Equipments and Novelties. Etc. College necessities and Sundries. No.eltv catalogue “Some liing for Everybody*’ free. The Pleasant View Cadets” a College Story. Free.

Che Pettibone Bros. lhfg. go. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

WE KEEP THE

BEST

FRUIT IN TOWN. — TRY -----

Wiggenhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OCT CIGAR.

: 1

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be right, too.

THE 5 C HEMP F DRUG COMPANY

Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

Fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers Please Give Us a Trial. We Try to Give Satisfaction.

402 Main Street. The Largest Assortment of

KodaeKs and Photographic

Supplies at

KN1CK BROS. 115 Third St.

Watertown, >V is.

FIRE INSURANCE FRED GAMM r

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

NEW FURNITURE NOWACK & KOHLS,

The August Gamm

Crockery and Glassware Go. —Dealers in— Glassware Lamps Ciockery Stone Ware Bar Goods Flower Pots, Hte. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

Watertown, \\ is.

Jos. Salick & Son Jewelers and Opticians Speeial Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eves Tested Free.

Baseball and Spirting (loads 1 and 3 Main Street.

Watertow n. Wis.

Rddtke & Son MANUFACTURE OF

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. 117 West Main St. Phone 532

OTTO HE YIN BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. 409 Main Street.

New Furniture assumes a special prominence, li you arc not satisfied with your furniture call on Ndwack & Kohls, (no Main street where vou will see the most complete line in the city ami the prices will surelv please, as thev will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches, Kocktrs and Centre Tallies. Dining Room Tables, Sideboards, Red Room Sets and Iron Bedsteads in profusion in allth. pre\ailin}> styRs.

Undertakers, Embalmers, and Funeral Directors

For the best Photos

CIGARS OF MERIT “Sea Rose” “Middle West” “Little Duke” Warranted to artificial

Jit Wright’s ground floor galkry. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

contain no

flavoring

matter

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and

flfg. by

ncumattn $ Krueger liO N. 2nd 51

GO TO

Watertown.

Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

Ul. D. Sproesser Co. jewelers

Geo* Zoelle, Prop.

PIANOS AND ORGANS

AUG. WIOGENHORN

Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Sireet.

WATKHTOWN Wh.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS

JEWELER 13 Main Street.

. . . Buehheit Block.

H. C. REICHERT

of all kinds in Season. Good things to eat JOHN E. HEISMANN

Violin. Piano and Harmony

FRUITS

116 Main Street. 'Phone62.

TEACHER- OF

Studio 109 Main St. Third Floor. Above Hertel & Hoffmaun

YOU CAN ALWAYS 1 Steam Laundry f GET THE NEWEST HERE...

WATERTOWN

■*

21S FIRST ST.

?■

WATERTOWN, WIS. f

MO matter if it’s Hats, Shirts Collars, Ties or a new Fa II Suit you are looking lor, you can always find the correct things here, and a big lot to choose from too. Our Second Floor is a great place for men and boys. Come in —let us show you.

SCmfMPF BROS. CO., The Biy Cash Store

! Only first-class work done. | |

G. J. SPRAGUE. Prop.

jpECKE \ GW DEALERS IN

Fruits, Staple and Fancy Groceries. All goods delivered promptly to

all parts of the eity free of charge.

SEAGER’S

llarber Shop and HJatb Rooms 108 MAIN STREET

5 Baths for S100 J. C. SEAGF.R, P«« p.

Ben Rieck | PROPRIETOR OF THE

new East Gnd Barbershop Gorder Block. 604 Main Street WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

GfivS&w°t*A -----■ ••d -

THE C. G. CONN CO. WONDER BAMD ORCHESTRA AND SOLO INSTRUMENTS

it'Ol ro« •»4Tt«»«At»ONAU r-TCH

Are Unrivalled for TONE, TUNE ACTION, MODELS, MECHANISM. and have the Endorsement of the Great Bandmaslers and Musieal Artists of the world. The only Perfect Instruments made for either Professional or Amateur Players. They meet the most exacting requirements. For Illustrated Catalogue giving description of instru ments. wit ii prices and terms of payment, Address

C. G. CONN COMPANY, Elkhart, Ind. ! iiSE THE STAR SAFETY RAZOR

The Largest Assortmentf

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes, Sporting Goods To Be Had in the City. Call and See Us.

D. & F. KUSEL GO. DR. E. J. HOERMANN DBINTIST Office Hours: 8.30 to 12 A. M.—1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

106 First Street. Next to City Hall

For Style, Fit and | Economy Wear

Leo (tail's Sloes 210 iiSIN STREET.

(SUITS mm DRUG STORE At Main and First Sts.

Pur? Drugs and medicines Domestic and Havana Cigars PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALTY. Your patronage respectsully so licited.

the

WATERTOWN DAILY LEADER Watertown’s Up= to=date Morning Paper.

=• r ■

Clothes Philosophy If your business brings you in contact with other men your dress must be conservative* No one has confidence in a man who would wear a silk hat and a red tic. Your clothes must be like your utterances — conservative, but well-formed, attractive but not conspicuous. When in next time ask for the “Seneca” and “St.Clair” mod els, no trouble to explain the details of “R & W t* ** Proper Clothes for Men.”

Wegemann-Faber -Kaercher Co. ’Phone 823 217 Main,

106 3rd St.

Watertown.

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|p»:Y^ . $ wSrpSBta ' Vi'1.'

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THE BLACK AMD RED

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1906

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Che Black and Red. Volume X.

W-atkrtown, Wisconsin, December, 1906. 8« .veir^er (illor Nation oin 3iir iVcil bem Roll '.Vfifdit fid) bes

Number 7

2$ci()nnd)trn. tier rtrjcbcnsigrocfcii &Wf)uad)t?j.irad)t; ber ^interflotfen Qkjnuflcs SHacfjt.

.sMlor (eudiicn Xiout* bio Sterne VIit bom .N>.mmci liingefat; Hub an* lidjterfiilltcr Jymtc VoiT oin Arioboiivliaud) limwfjt. 'Xinic* bn fern, notrciint anf Cirbon O'inot fid) im &h’il)inid)tvlid)t, >bo* .'oon. bn* noil 'Jtaicfyucrbcu Sanit oin ,'yrcubenrtlaiu bnrdjOridjt. O'juin nonor i\'eil)nad)t*ioflon <n : d o ionnonb bnrd) mein .’oor.v ' oolo am'! Tom Vidjt eutgeflcn b.iliintcn Sorn unb Sc^mcrj. a a 0 a

LITERARY

Our Christmas Tree GEOROE LUETKE 'v7

In an essay entitled ‘'Christmas” Paul Cassel treated the subject of Christmas and Christmas-tree in detail. Speaking of the Christmas-tree, used in the homes of thousands of people at each returning Christmas, lie says that its origin may be traced far back to the Jews, and makes mention of their feast of the Tabernacles, on which day the Jews used palm-leaves to build their huts and carried about with them palm-twigs as a sign of joy and happiness. Above all, he asserts that kings always made use of the palm in their triumphs. This explains why the people of Jerusalem cut down branches from the trees and strewed them in the way for Christ to pass over. For this reason Christ’s incarnation is now celebrated by erecting

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an evergreen tree. This seems plausible. But it yet remains to be proved that all Christian nations have at all times celebrated Christmas in this peculiar way and manner as the Jews did when Christ entered Jerusalem. Here the above explanations do not strike home, and we must look about us for others. A different writer says that the “tree” comes from England, the land of the holly with its exceedingly beautiful evergreen branches. But again we are moved to ask. Why don't we find this custom spread among the earliest Christians and other Christian nations besides the English ? These explanations seem mere conjectures, and we shall endeavor to assign the right place to the Christmas-tree. We should like to say that the country which has given birth to the Christmas-tree is Germany. When we find the tree in any other country we may rest assured that it was introduced there by Germans. Consider ing the many rites and customs connected with our Christmas tree, it re minds us in more than one way of our forefathers, the old Germans, of the numerous customs they connected with the trees of the forest, and this leads us to the conclusion that our Christmas-tree is a precious gilt or relic of our heathen ancestors, whose civilized posterity has clothed it with a far deeper meaning. We all know that the old Germans when converted did m-t part with all their heathen customs, but with permission of the Church retained one or the other. The tree in general was highly respected by the old Germanic races. They imagined a tree to represent the whole world, whose roots lay deep in the ground, and whose top reached far into Valhalla, the great hall of Odin, and that its green foliage furnished food to a goat, and that the milk of the goat served to stav the thirst of the fallen warriors brought to Valhalla by the Valkyries. Much of that which legends have transmitted of the famous “Weltesche” has been applied to our Christmas-tree. Of all the trees the oak and the beech were revered most by the (lermanic race: but a certain writer, whose name is Adam of Bremen, tells us that also a well-known evergreen tree was honored by the northern races. 'This is no other tree than our Christmas-tree. But why did this evergreen tree ever become our Christmas-tree? First of all, the Germans gave the green color a metaphorical meaning, Green is the sign of life. When the sun begins climbing towards the north and its beams grow stronger day by day. the earth awakens into a new life, the hills and valleys begin to clothe themselves in deep'verdure, and the whole face of the earth wears a gay smile. Spring is the winged emblem of hope and love, of youth and gladness, and stands in direct contrast with the som breness and sadness of winter. It is for spring that the heart of man yearns when the dark shadows of winter surround him. Eternal spring is the sole wish of his mind. No fitter emblem could be selected to renresent eternal life than green. Thus eternal spring and eternal life were emblema tized by the color green. The evergreen tree was always a symbol of the

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virtue of nature hidden under the snow, of the personification of hope, and for this reason the day of "Sonnemveiidc" was celebrated bv the Germans. Christmas was placed on the twenty-fifth of December, that time of the year when the sun again comes north and remains with man, inspiring him with the hope that the dark dream of winter shall not swallow up every joy. To Ibis time of the year, in Norse mythology, was ascribed the great battle between darkness and light, lasting twelve nights, that occupied the time between the 25th of December and the 6th of January, the battle of Death and Life with the sure hope that Light and Life would win over darkness. During these twelve days < )din. the god of fertility, courted Freya, the god dess of spring and llnwers. Lerchta. the goddess of spring, together with Ilulda during this lime walked about showering profusely out of their laps blessings upon the earth. To honor these divine goddesses a tree was erected, ami that was <*ur Christmas-tree. It was to represent that there is life in nature, even though she seem dead. How the Christinas tree with its candles and ornaments as found in our days came into exigence is hard to tell. We can trace it to the middle ages. The famous picture of Schwertgcburth, representing Luther encir cled by his family with a Christmas-tree full of ornaments and candles at Wittenberg on ChrLt uas eve in the year 1530 gives us an idea and peep into the homes of pcoph in that century. Me fore this time we know abso lutely nothing of it. In the seventeenth century a man bearing the name of Daunhauer thunders against thL custom and calls the Christmas-tree a “Lappahe.” To quote further, he says: “Wo die Gewohnheit herkommen, weiss ich nicht: ist cin Kinderspiel dodi hesser als anderc I’hantasie, ja Abgoetterei. so man mil dem Christkinde pllegt zu treiben und also des Salans Kapellc neben die Kirche haul, den Kindern cine solche Opinion einbringet, dass sie ihre innigliche Kindergebetlein flier den vermummten und vermeinten Christkindlein fast abgoettischer W eis ablegen." This Christmas-tree has also been brought over to America by our fore fathers, and has been made the main point of our Christmas celebration. A family can hardly get along without it. We have seen that the Christmastree had its origin in the customs of the old Germanic and Northern races, and has ever remained with them up to the present day. The deep religious sense of the Germans stamped the heathen thought with a pure Christian idea. The winter solstice points forward to Christ and awakens in the soul of Christians a longing for him who says of himself, "I am the light of the world: he that tolloweth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life." The splendor-winged Christmas-tree with its gifts has become a picture of Christ, who brings unto us mortals life and light. In the midst of death and sin, we now have blooming life, peace which passes all understanding, jov and hope eternal that a glorious spring is awaiting us, which again shall give us the paradise of God lost but found restored in Christ. The B

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Christmas-tree has thus become a living sermon of the unfathomable Love of God, of whom we find written: "For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life."

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(fin iTntiiicitbttiuit a fa U>crf oljucv. $1 b a l b c r t .2 cl) a 11 e r, ’07. £»od) ini ^erben uujercs Staate? itonb am (Sittflaiifl oiucr tioion 'Ferac?^ id)lud)t cine Heine 'Florfbiinc. Crinfmn nub traurifl ial) fie beule an?, tine fie in ber tiefen SMbiti? baiofl. untfleben non blatterloieu Salbriejen unb beidml tot non tieibdiifleiiben S&olfcn. Triuncn jcbocb herrfd)te flrofjc Aivube. TlLv ren c? bod) nur nodi menifle 8tunbeu, bi? bio bcil.fle 'Jfndjt herein brad), bio fur ba? nierjabrifle Tbd)terd)cn be? voLbauer? Widyarb volt foniel /vreube unb C>HiicffcIKifcit mil fid) bringcit foUte, m e fiir ba? reiebite Minb ber ieruen ©roi> ftabt. Tic Gutter fafj nor bem marmeitrablenben Jveiierlicrb unb maebte beim 8d)ciite ber ©hit bie lenten 2tidie an eiuent NJ>aar flcftricTter 8cbube, bie lie iljreiit 'iUJanne 311 iBeibnadjten jdjenfcit luollte. Ta? Heine ^eudeu. ba? ntit eincni einjdbrii]en 2d)aufelpferbe tbne Mont ipiclte, fain ieut 311111 .uueiteu tWolo 311 ibr unb fafltc: ,,'ilianta, marunt foiunit ber Fana unb bn? Ghr.ufinb niebt baib mit bent 3Seil)nad)t?bauut? Monutc ba? Cbriftf nb ben Faun nidjt fin benV &ctd)chib ftreid;elte Aran volt bie flolbeueu Viocfen be? M.ubo? unb ant* mortete: „(Sbnitfiubd;cn m.U nidjt, bah tinier V'citdteu bon Faunt iiebi. benor e? ibn acfd)nmcft bat, baruui martet e?, bi? e? a0113 buufel .it." Ta? Minb flinfl befriebiflt mieber an fein 8piel, aber bie Gutter murbe bed) uuruhifl fiber ba? Lv.ifle $ltt?bleiben be? ©alien. (St mar etma 3100i 8tuubcu nor Soitueu uuteriianci an b e aubere 3eite be? Tale? flCiianflen, mo fid) eh* Tauitenmalb dictt befanb, mu fid) cinen CSbriftbaum 311 bolen. 8diou nor eii.or 8tuubr batte lie ibn 3nriidcrmartct, unb nod) lichen fid) feino Trine niebt ueruebnten. 8ie foUte lie and) biefc 9iad)t nidit utebr boron. §err .'bolt mar fluten 'ilUntc? non 311 vanie meflfleflaniten. ©alt e? bod) bem Hcincn ycnd:eu. ba? ba? bcd'fte ©liirf brer (Shorn mar. mit eiuent id)011 (icidnuiitftcu (Sbriitbaum eiite flrifcc Seibnad)t?ireube 311 bereiten. 'i'll? volt aber tiefer in ben itillen S'alb einbraua. bciiel ibn ein ©eiiibl ber Traur'.flfcit unb be? 2d)mer3e?. ^n feinom ©eiite taud)tcn Wilber iciiver '\in1eub3eit unh letter .‘pcintat an?, isii bie Jen 5t>alberu bane or an ieiue? 'dialer? Seite lyearbet* tot, mit ibm int Tafte bie 3lrt aeidimumten. 8eiue tbiutter mar id)on friib fleitorben. unb baber batte illidyarb 130113 bcionber? an ieineut 'Fater aebanaeu. 8eiu T'Otcrbau? I a a nur entitle tOieilen iiiblid) non ibm an bent A-luiie. ben or iiberid)reiteu niuhte, tint 311 bem Tanncumalbd',eu 311 fommen. Ait ©ebon-foil burd)lebte er nod) eintual bie 8tmibe, in ber or iid) mit ieittem Tlater eut3roeit bane. Urn ciuer Mlein'afeit milieu batte bieier ibn aeidiolten. unb im Sonic

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lion fid) ber 80(111 311 oilier beftigeu Xntmort tjinreifjen. Kin Sort gab ba§ unbere. uub cnblid) befabt ber Hater ibm ini bodjfteu 3ont, jcin .^anS nuf im* mer 311 uerlaffeu. Obgleid) H.djarb nun [cine Sat auf Das ticfftc bercutc uub pen Hater fletjcntlid) 11111 Heneibung bat, blieb biefer bod) uuocrfbbnl.d). Ter ied)3et}ii,dl)rige xVmgliug oerlief; am 3mciteu Togo barauf mit trducnbcii 'Xu* non ba* Hatcrbau*, mu 100 auber* ein Uuterfommeii 311 fudjeu. 3n cittern uabeii .Stdbtdjeu faiib er bei eiueiii 8d)reiner Xrbeit, uit’b me it er feiue Hflidjt inimcr treu nub itcinig tat, ermarb er fid) bobe Xdjtung bei ie item Xrbcitgcbcr, iebah biefer ibit gain, m fid) in bn* .'bail* uabm. XI* .’oolt fid) bamt uad) 3dm ^nbmi 11111 bcffen £od:ter bemarb, murbe ibm and) teiu .‘oiitberui* in ben Seg gelegt. x\eot bdtte er gtiidt d) iein fbttitcn, aber e* 3cg tbit mit ttitiuiberfteb* 1 d:er u>»ad)t iit ieiue .v'e;mat*mdlber, mo er meitig[teit* bent getiebten Hater* luinfe itabe mar. Kitblnb murbe bn* Herlaugcu in ibm jo grofj, ban or fetiteiu 8dimiegeroater utitte It.-, er motto mlebcr in ieiite wimat 311 riicf3ieOen. 80 mobute unit X>olt td’oti ein gau,’,e* x\abr iunerbatb meuiger ®iteu non feiuem Hater, ohite ban bievr etma* baooit munte, nub bod) mar er nidjt 3iifriebeu, mie ie.u Weiiditeouvbrud • acute bejeugte. Ter Hum He be* Hater* laftete fdjmcr ant ibm, nub er uuire io gente biitgegaugeu, 11111 fid) mit ibm 311 ueriobnen. aber er faunte bio iturie Sitlen*fraft feiue* Hater* 311 gut at* ban or bie* oerjudit bdtte. x\u truurige ('Vbaufeu uerfnitfeu, fam er eublid) 311 beu Tan* lieu nub batte fid) bain eiiteit Haunt abgebarft. Ta 3 emtid) liefer 8d)itee auf bent Hobea tag, fain er r.iel laugfanier mit feiiter Siaft oormdrt*, at* er mottle. K* mar udmtid) uitiidw. aeit 3ugefroreuen Jvtufj im Titufcln 311 iiberfdjreiteu, ba e* jd)oit utebrere i 1 tang ftarf getaut batte nub ba* Ki* 3ioutI;di_ biiuit mar. (r* fiug an 311 bdinmerii. at* er itod) anberitjalb Dioiteu ocut SCuffc out* feritt mar. uub b * er iiuifam. mar e* gain buitfel. Sic gefdbrlid; ber Iteber* tang mdbreub ber teuton paar 8tuitbcit gcmorbeit mar, munte er aber nidjt uub barum giitg er gen oft uub fdmelleu 8dirittc* oormdrt*. 8dioit batte er bie Hiitte gliicFlicb erreidit, at* pldnlidi ba* Ki* uitter feiiten Jyiifjeu itadjgab uub ■or non bent idmelleu 8tront biumeggeriffett murbe. Cline ba* Tauuonbdum* d;eu mare er unit oerlore.t gemefeu. ba e.r nt t bent Hi*d-en 8d;mintmeit. ba* er at* Muabe gelerut bane, gegen bie ftarfc 8trdmung nidjt* bdtte au*rid)teu Fcuuen. Xber er flautnterte fid) mit alter .Graft ait ben Haunt uub bielt jid) baburd), ban er ieiue <viine fortmdbrcitb auf uub ab bemegte, fiber Saifer. Tie eifige Matte madjte aber fdjuett feiue OMieber erftarren, uub er erfautite, ban er n.d)t ittebr tauge an bent Hauitte feftbatteu fouite. Sa* bdtte e* ibm and) gcbolfeu? K lie tit030 8trecfe bat iyltif) binunter befattb fid) eiu hotter Tamm, gerabe bei feiue* Hater* .s>of, ber friiber bcuutjt morben mar. um eiuer 8dgc* tuiible ba* Saifer 311 fdiaffeu, uub .*0011 munte, ban or nidjt tebeubig uber^bie* foil Tatum fcnimeu miirbe. Kr fab im ©e ft feiu ticbe* Seib ait ber Tore itotjeu uub tied) ibm au*bticFen. Sic miirbe fie e* ertragen. mottii matt ibit ftarr uub fait at* Acidic uad) .'oattfe brddjte. C, mu* miirbe fie obue ibit ma* djett, auf ben fie fiir ibr tdglid) Hrot augemiefeu mar. Out feiiter groneit X'ot uub ,v>er3cn*ungft fdjrie er 311 05c tt, ban or ibit bod) feiiteiu Soibe 3ttriufgebeu

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mocfete. Jvort rife iftu b'.c <vhit, nub nor fid) (jorte er ben boituernbeu Stm\y ber idjdumcnbeu Softer. CSiniô Sefuubeu nod), mir nod) e.uigc ;$oll trcuutcu i()it non bom 3lbgrmi'b, unb fdjou fjottc er Wott feinc 8cole befobleu, bo — ein furdjtbarer Stoft — nub er Ijinfl gcrabc om SWaufoc be? famine* feft. Ter* fei be war robflC3immert nub one ber Witte ragteu 31110. furê Balfeu in eiuem 3lbftanbe non brei 3ufe an* bem Softer beroor. ^wifdien b.efe butte ber Strom ben Tanneubaum reft biuciufletricbeu, mtb .volt lag fait 330113 boronf. Crr -jdjrie lont unt vilfe, aber feine Stinunc fonnte mtniogl d) ini .vanfc cohort merbeu, bo ber Strom 311 lont toftc. Scitn itidu gcrabc iemonb heron* font, war er bod) ucrlorou, benn er fiUjltc fdjon. baft feine 31 nne 130113 labut wnrben. Solltc 05ott fein Sebcn nnr oblige Biiuuten oerlangert Ijobcn, nut ibm bie troute Tuv mat nod) eirnnol 311 3ciflc.11 al* etwo*, ba* ibm ouf ewifl nerloren fei. C. ba* fonnte uidjt fein. 3?od) einmol erbob er feine Stimrne, nub bie Ber.yiucifluug im $cr3cn ftdrftc fie. Unb bord), er borte cine 3lntwort. (5* war ber Mncdit feine* Baler*, ber gcrabc bo* B.ob fitr bie 3aid)t mil gutter ucriorgi batte unb nun fiber ben §of 311111 vaufe 3iiriuffebi’te. ftidyarb rief ibm 311. wer er fei, unb meld)e Wefahr ibm brobe. Ter Muedit eilte 311 fciueni .saerru, nub teilte ibm bie furdjtbare 3iad)i\d)t mit, baft fein Sobu fiber bem Tanime 3wijd:en 'Cebcu nub Tob idymebe. Ter Baler uergaft feiiten Uoru uub alle* Bcrgangoue boriiber, baft fein eiuîflcr Sobu fid) in bbdifter 2ebcu*gcfahr befaub. :V»it r-erymeifel tent Sdjrei lief er biitau* on ben Tvlitfe uub rief we wiib fiber bo* Suffer bin: „£> mein Bidyarb, mein goliebter Sobu, lebft bn uod)V" Ein idjwadycr .vilfy ruf ontwortete ibm. „Sir fonimen, balte bid) nod) einen 31 inu'unlief!" Ct fpraiig in ein '-Boot, on bo* ber Mitedit mittlerweile ein lauge* Seil gebuiibeu batte, unb ruberte mit alien .Straiten gegen ben reifyenben Strom, bi* er go* robe oberbalb feine* Solute* war, unb l eft bo* 'Boot baun biittreiben C* war bie bodyfte 3eit. Ter ueriinglucfte Blown war 130113 erfdybpft, fobafy ibu fein Bator fattiit in* Boot briugeu fonnte. 311* ibm bie* eublidt geluugen war, rief er feincut .ûedyte, unb biefer 30a bairn beibe an* lifer. Bidiarb wurbe in* .vou§ fldraflcu unb bort uad) uub nod) burd) ylJeibuugeu uub burd) beifyen .star fee, ben man ibm eiuflofjte, wieber bergefiellt. .Stbolb er rebeu fonnte, teilte er fciitein Batcr mit, baft er Scib mtb Minb babe, uub wo fie fe'eu, uub biefe wnrben glcid) eyebolt. Wroftere Seibnad)t*freube borrfditc gemify in fciueni anbern ,'oaufc al* in bicfciti, in bem Batcr unb Sobu wieber oerfbbitt jafecii, uub ber Watte feiucr Wattiu auf* ueue gcidycuft war. *

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Anripnt Christmas Customs HENRY J, DIEHL, '07

“Lo, now is come our joyful'st feast! Let every man be jolly: Each room with ivy leaves is drest, And every post with holly. Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke. And Christmas blocks are burning : ■

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Their ovens they with baked meats choke, And all their spits are turning. Without the door let sorrow lie; And if, for cold, it hap to die. We'll bury't in a Christmas pic, And evermore be merry.” Yes, truly, without the door let sorrow lie and evermore be merry. Christmas time is a season of rejoicing and it is not to be spent in sadness, lie a person ever so sorrowful and sad during the rest of the year, still when Christmas time comes round he must put oft this sorrow and sadness and rejoice with his fellow mortals. For how can a person be sad when the very angels lift up their voices and sing, ‘‘Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men?" Our forefathers and ancestors surely believed in being happy and joyful during this season; for that we can infer from the fact that many quaint and cpieer customs were observed in their homes at Christmas time, a few of which it shall be my humble endeavor to describe. Mumming is a sport of this festive season, which consists in changing clothes between men and women who. when dressed in each other's habits, go from house to house, partaking of Christmas cheer and making merry with the inmates. It is supposed that this custom is an imitation of the Sagillaria. or festival days added to the ancient Saturnalia, and it was con demned bv the synod of Trullus, where it was decreed that no man should wear a woman's garment, nor a woman a man’s. In Xorthbrookc's Treatise against Dice-play we find an edict that was issued in Henry YIII.’s time prohibiting mumming. It was ordained “that if anv persons did disguise themselves in apparel, and cover their faces with visors, gathering a company together, naming themselves mummers, which used to come to the dwelling-places of men of honour and other substantial persons, whereupon murders, felonies, rape, and other great hurts and in conveniences have aforetime growen and hereafter be like to come, by the colour thereof, if the sayde disorder should continue not reformed, etc.: That then they should be arrested by the King's liege people as vagabondes. and be committed to the gaols without bail or mainprise for the space of three moneths, and, to fine, at the king’s pleasure. And everyone that keepeth any visors in his house, to forfeyte 20s." In a tract “Round about our Coal-fire, or Christmas Entertainments, we read that at Christmas time corks arc burnt, wherewith to black the faces of the fair, or to make deputy mustaches, and that every one in the family had to partake of this transformation. Mummings of this kind are common in Oxfordshire. Some of the people wear masks; others, who cannot get masks black their faces and dress themselves up with haybands tied round their arms and bodies. The smaller boys black their faces and go about singing

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“A merry Christmas and a happy New Year, Your pockets full of money, and your cellar full of beer," At Ramsgate, in Kent, the Christmas festivities were commenced by a curious procession. A number of young people procured the head of a dead horse, fixed it on a pole about four feet long, and threw a blanket over it. One of the party had to get under this blanket and, bv frequently pulling a string attached’to the lower jaw of the horse’s head, he kept up a loud, snapping noise. The rest of the party carried hand-bells and sang Christmas carols. Thus they proceeded from house to house, and they were commonly offered refreshments or money. This custom was called going a hodening, and the figure above described was called a hoden or wooden horse. Somewhat similar to this custom was the queer hobby-horse dance. It was called thus because a man, carrying the image of a horse between his legs and a bow and arrow in his hand, danced with six other men, who carried reindeer heads on their shoulders. To this hobby-horse dance be longed a pot, which was kept by turns by the reeves of the town, who had to provide cakes and ale to put into it. All those who were interested in this amusement and foreigners that came to see it contributed freely, and the money thus gotten was used to repair churches and to support the poor. A custom that is, in some measure, still kept up in the northern part of England is the custom of burning the yule-log on Christmas eve. As you perhaps know, kind reader, Christmas day, in the primitive church, was always observed as a Sabbath-day and like that preceded by an eve. or vigil, and from this vigil we trace our present Christmas eve. Well, on that eve our ancestors were wont to light up candles of an uncommon size, called Christmas candles, and to lay a log of wood upon the fire, called a yule lo<*\ or Christmas block, to illuminate the house, and, as it were, to turn night into day. During the time this log lasted the servants were entitled to ale. and we therefore easily account for the fact that they usually procured as large a log as possible. Opinions seem to differ as to the origin of this custom. Blount seems to think that it originated in this way: At Christmas time, called the Feast of Lights in the Western or Latin church, many lights and candles were used, and, because it was in the power of but few to own candles and torches, blocks, logs, or clogs of dried wood were used instead by the common folk. Brand, however, claims to be pretty confident that the yule log will be found, in its first use, to have been only a counterpart of the midsummer fires, made within doors because of the cold weather at the winter solstice, as those in the hot season at the summer solstice are kindled in the open air. And now we arrive at the custom of evergreen decking at Christmas, a custom that the Christians appear to have copied from their pagan ancestors. Holly seems to have been used most for decorating, at least that’s the con clusion we'll come to. if we judge from this extract of a Christmas poem:

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“From every hedge is pluck’d by eager hands The holly branch with prickly leaves replete And fraught with berries of a crimson hue; Which, torn asunder from its parent trunk, Ts straightway taken to the neighboring towns, Where windows, mantles, candlesticks, and shelves, Quarts, pints, decanter, pipkins, basins, jugs, And other articles of household ware, The verdant garb confess.” But Bourne claims that bay and laurel were also used for decorative purposes during the Christmas holidays. He says that the custom of adorn ing the windows with bay and ivy is but seldom observed in the northern part of England, but that in the southern part, particularly at the universi ties, it is very common to deck not only the common windows of the town, but also the chapels of the colleges with laurel, which was used by the coming of Christ. Even though one Mr. Bay mentions the mistletoe among Romans as an emblem of peace, joy, and victory. In the Christian sense it may be applied t<> the victory gained over the Powers of Darkness by the those evergreens that were used to deck churches, still it is almost certain that that never happened but bv mistake; for the mistletoe was looked upon as a heathenish or profane plant and it was therefore hung up in kitchens. Whenever any member of the fair sex chanced to stand under it, any young man present had a right, or at least claimed such a right, of kissing her. The following custom was still kept up in northern England during the fore part of the last century: On Christmas eve mistletoe was carried to the high altar of the cathedral, and a public and universal liberty, pardon, and freedom was proclaimed to all sorts of inferior and even wicked people at the gates of the city, towards the four quarters of heaven. The last custom of which I purpose to speak is the singing of carols at Christmas time. There seems to be a diversity of opinions as to the earliest Christmas carol, but methinks Bishop Taylor is right when he observes that the “Gloria in Excclsis,” the well-known hymn sung by the angels to the shepherds at our Lord's nativity, was the earliest Christmas carol. From that we see that this kind of pious song is of most ancient date. I was un usually surprised when Brand quoted the following Christmas carol and then called it curious and said that it will be thought a precious relic by those who have a taste for the literary antiquaries of Scotland:— ’T come from hevin tell The best nowellis that ever befell: To vow this tythinges trew I bring. And I will of them say and sing. ■

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THE BLACK AND RED. This day to vow is borne ane cliilde Of Marie mcike and Virgine mylde, That blissit barne, billing and kyndc Sail vow rejoyce baith heart and mynd. My saull and lyfe, stand up and sec Quha lyes in ane cribe of free, Quhat babe is that, so glide and fairc? It is Christ, God's sonnc and aire.

O God! that made all creature. How art thow becum so pure, That on the hay and stray will lye, Amang the asses, oxin, and kye? I don’t see how he can call that a curious carol and a relic of Scotland. It does, however, seem curious to us, for it is evidently a translation of Luther’s hymn, “Vom Himmel hoch da konim ich her." Place that hymn and the carol quoted above side by side and you’ll find that they are so much alike that one must evidently be a translation of the other. Smiic one may perhaps say, “Perhaps Luther did the translating.’’ Well, that is entirely out of the question, for he wrote his hymn in 1535 and that Scottish carol was written in 1621. Dr. Johnson, in a note on Hamlet, tells us that the pious chansons, a kind of Christmas carol, containing some Scripture history, thrown into loose rhymes, were sung about the streets bv the common people when they begged at that season. A writer in the Gent. Mag, for May, 1811, de scribing a Yorkshire custom, says, “About six o’clock on Christmas day 1 was awakened by a sweet singing under my window; surprised at a visit so early and unexpected, I arose, and looking out of the window 1 beheld six young women and four men, welcoming with sweet music the blessed morn.” And now, kind reader, do you not regret that some of these ancient customs have not been preserved up to the present day ? I sincerely do and especially that the custom of singing Christmas carols has died out. But, even though we cannot celebrate Christmas in that way, let 11s, nevertheless, be gay, joyful, and happy. We have every reason to be so, because— “Christmas is come, make ready the good cheer: Apollo will be frolick once a year: I speak not here of England’s twelve days’ madness. But humble gratitude and hearty gladnesse. These but observ’d, let instruments speak out. We may be merrv, and we ought, no doubt: Christians, ’tis the birth-dav of Christ our King: Are sec disputing when the angels sing?”

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©inc SBciljnndjf in bcr SBilbni?. ©. ©due r, ’07. '■Bide 'sabre, cOc ber Staat SBieconfiit in bic Union aufgenomnten, nnb al? bieic? ©cbiet nod) fc£)r uni did) beuolfert mar, pffegte bic 5anti(ie SBeber in ibreni .'oeim am Sec SB.nnebago im tranten Mrcife nm ben Mamin 311 filscn. SHeber? maren im ^riilijaOr nad) iMmerifa gefontnten, nm fid) cincn itcnen .'perb 311 griinben. Sic batten in Teutfdjlaitb uiel non eiiter grofeen SBilbiti? gefjort; bod) bafj bie SBilbiti? jo ansgebeljnt fei, mie fie fie uorgeputben batten, mar ibnen nidjt in ben 8inn gefommen. Sic fanben fid) jcbod) balb 3itrcd)t. 9Be» ber nnb feino âm.Iie maren eiicrgijdjc, tatfriiftige Wcitfdjcn. 9?cd) elje ber ftrengc Winter ba mar, batten fie ân§ nnb Stiillc cebant. Sic maren gang non ber SBelt abgcidjnittcn. Tie nddjften 'JJadjbarn mobnten ctma fftnfotfftn iWeilen entfernt. v'ubianor, bie bie ©egenb nnfidjer madjten, batten bie 9iadjbarn mieberbolt angcgr.ffen, liefjen aber Webers? bibber unbelnftigt. ©? mar am Slbenb be? 2;l. Tegember. Tie ^yamitie, beftebenb an§ SBeber nnb i\rau. einem ermadjienen 8obne nnb 3tnei ntinberjabrigen Tbdjtern, fafj mie gembbnlidi nm ben Mamin, '.’tile lanfdjten anf bie SBorte be§ Hatcr§, bcr fie an bie SBoilmad'.tviV.er in ber aiten .'peimat erinnerte; mie ant .êijfgabenb atte ©lode.t be? Tone? lanteten, mie fie atte 3111* Mirdje gingett, nm ba? Tvcft 311 fe.ern, nnb mie bie Minber fanm bic Seit abmarten fonnten, ba fie bie ©a* ben in ©ntpfang itebmen bnrfteit, bie ibnen non ben liebcifben ©Item beftimmt maren. Hon jeot ab miifjten fie SBeibuadjtcn obne Mirdje nnb ©forfeit feierit. Cbgteid) fie uiel Tritbfal in ber aiten .'peimat bnrdjgemadjt bnttc, fo id)lid) fid) bed) gcrabe feut mr iroblidieit SBcil)nad)t?3cit ba? .'pointmeb in ibre .Qcrgcn. Taint aber fnrad) ber Hater and) non bent iteneti Haterlaitbe, in bent fie titit nenen HUiitcn nnb .’poffuttngcn iljr .'pcitu anfgefdjlagen batten, ©be man fid) 3ttr jlinlje Icgte, la? ber '-Hater nad) alter Sitte ctit Mapitcl an? ber Hibel nor. Slut nddiften 'be or go it ftanbeit 'Hater nnb 8c bit fritl)3eitifl anf, nut ben SBcibnadtf?tiidi mit frifdjein SBilb 311 oerforgen. 'ilciitter nnb Tbdjter follten an .'panic Horfchrnngcn fiir ba? geft treffen. Ter Hater liefe ‘bie ratten tut* gem obne nidnnlidjen Sdmts 3ttriicf, befonber? ba man ftet? eiitett Ucberfafl non ben 'subiaitcrn bcfiirdjtcn mnfjte. Tod) nerfidjerte iljn feine tap fere 05a ttin. bag fie ini Sfotfall ba? .'pan? mobl nerteibigeit fonnten. Ten gan3cit Tag nun mirtfdjaftete fie mit bren Todjtcrn, bnf nnb fodjte fomcit e? bie biirftigcit Herbaltniffc erlanbten, rcinigte bie Simmer itnb fdjtnitdte ben Haunt, i’ll? e? 311 bitnfeln aitfiitg. mar bie Arbeit fertig nnb fie fetjtcn fid) an ben Mamin, nut bic Hiirffcbr non Hater nnb 8obu abgnmarten. 511? ber Hionb tun neitn Ubr attfging, janen fie nod) ba nnb marteten. Sic maren aitfang? meitig beforgt, ba man ja nermnten fonnte, bafj c? eiitige 3°it battern toiirbc, bi? bie ^cigcr gemig SB Ibpret batten. Sll? fie aber nut 3cbit Ufjr nodi it:d)t ba maren, begannen bie SB'artenben nnrnbig 3» tnerben, nnb feine magte ba? Sdjrecflidic, ba? fie badjte, au?3ufpred)cn. ©If Ubr fain, nub nod) intnter maren Hater nnb 8obit nidit ba. SBtcber nnb intnter m.eber giitg man an bic ■

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i Siir, um in bic fnltc 9fridjt f)tnau?3ufpabcn. %ebc?mal fam man cnttauirfjt 311* riicf. Sa enblidi Ijortc man fm*3 nor 9)ttttcruad)t fdjmcre Sritte ini .'pof. Cilig lief bic Gutter 311c Xiir, um bcu Saugerfebuteu cutgegeii3ugcbcu. 91 le fie bic Siir offuctc, ftaubeu nor iljucn 9>ater unb So'ljn, nub 3mifdjeu beiben, fid) auf fic {tiitjenb, ober nielmebr non ifjncn getragon, cin aufdjeincub lebloier mil iUut bebeefter ûbiancr. Sic 9)?abd)cn fdjriecu lout auf, ale fic ben ûbiauer fafjcii. Sod) bic flutter fd)alt fie unb biefe fic ben îduucru fjdfcu, benn fie fab, bafj bier augenblieflidje §ilfc notig mar. 91ud) Stater unb Sobn fouuteu nor Slalte unb (Srmubung bic ©Iieber faft nidjt mebr bciocgcn. 911$ ber crflc .Scared nor* fiber mar, beciltcn fic fid) unb madjtcn cin 33ctt non gotten, auf bae ber vinbiancr gefegt murbe. Sic Gutter bcmerfte balb, baft or infolgo non 33lutocr« luft nur o&umadjtig fei. Sine ©uubc an ber rodjteu Sdjultcr nerbaub fic fora* faitig. Sic flofttc ifjni Skanutwein cin unb bradjtc ibu naljer an bcu ftaniin beran. Unterbeffen ftdrftcn fid) bic anbern unb feftten fid) and) an ben .Mamin, um Stutter unb Sbdjtcru 311 er^dfjleu, mic fie auf ben oermuubeteu x\iibiaucr gefto* Ben felon. Scr Stater ftopftc feine groftc tpfeife unb bogann: 911$ mir fjeutc morgen ba§ $au$ nerf often, gingen mir oiierfl in norb* Iidjcr Middling, fan-ben aber fo meuig Spurcu, baft mir balb cine fiiboftlidjc Sidjtuitg einfdjlugen. gaft ben gai^cn Sag blieb unforo âgb erfolglo?. Sie Sonne ftaub fd)on tief im ©often, ale mir cine frifdje Spur faubeu, bie non cineni SRubcI $irjd}e bcrriibrtc. 3mei Station non bier bemerften mir bie guft* ftanfen cine? ^nbignor? unb meitere jmei 9)fe:leu bie cine? Starou. 'id? mil* etma bimbert Sdjritte meit im bid)ten ©alb norgebrungeu waren. Imrten mir ba§ lautc Stoljnen cine? Stanjdjen. ©ir beeilten uue. benn ce gait niette;d)t cin Sicbcn 311 retten. Sic Spur fiiljrte in cine Sidjtung. -Sbier Dot fid) un? eiu id)rccflid)cr 9lnblid bar. Sid)t nor uu$ lag eiu ûbiancr in ber Umarmung eince groften fd)mar3en S3arcn. xsd) fab fogteid). baft mir fofert banbelu miift* ten. ©ir nutftten fdjteften, ob ber armc ©ilbc getroffen miirbe ober nidjt. iUoftlid) aber lieft ber 'Ear feine S3cnte fabreu unb fam m’.t lueitgeoffueten; 9iadjeii auf unS 311. x\iu 9ht bradjien mir bae ©cmeljr 3111* Sdjulter, unb |mei moblgc3ieltc .Sdjiiffc braditen ibu 311 gatt. xsct3t fouuteu mir unforo 91ufmerf* famfeit bem vinbianer 3umcnben. Cr Ijatte bei ber Umarmung be? Stareu ba$ S3cmufttjcin nerloren. Cine Unterfudjuug 30’igte uue, bap or aufter einer ftarf blutenbeu ©mibe an ber redjtcu Sdjultcr feine Starleftuug banougetragen batte. ©ir gaben ibm S3ranntmein unb rieben ibu mit Sdjncc, bie or uad) einiger 3ît ermadjte. Gr mollte auffteljen, bod) cr mar 311 fdjmad). ©:r gaben ibm burd) Scidjcn 311 Perftetjen, baft mir ibn mit uad) $aufc nebmeu mottteu. ©ir legten ciucu 9?otnerbanb an, ridjteten ibu auf unb traton ben miibfameu Sfarfd) an. gaft ben gallon ©Cg ging er, balb non uue getrageu, 3mifd)cu une ber. @tma cine Staile nom $auje ncrlor er m’cbcr ba§ êmufttfeiu; benn bie ©unbe bln* tctc nod) immer ftarf. S5ou ba an trugcu unb fdjlepptcn mir itjn bi? bierber.

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2i'ir tmiffcu, fdjfcfj bcr Stater, iiufcrn ©ott 'bonfcn, bafe cu un$ jo gnabig Dor bent 93a re n bcmalirt liat. (S3 mar nnterbefien fpat gcivorbeii. Ser Stater fa§ ciueit Sanffaalm nor, 11 nb mit banfOaren .s>er,}cn gegen ®ott (eaten fief) a((c fdjlafen; itnr bic SRuttec nalmi c§ am fid), anfanMeilien nub Dei bent nernmnbeten ^nbianer 3Sad)e 311 batten. 91 u* ber SSeiljmicljtSfcicr iinirbc an bem 9(5cnb fctfiitucrftciiiiblid) nidjtS.

Cbe Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF . EDITOR-IN CHIEF

HENRY J. DIEHL. ’07 BUSINESS MANAGERS.

BUSINESS MANAGER ASST. BUSINESS MANAGER

GEORGE N. LUETKE. ’07 OSWALD HENSEL. ’oS DEPARTMENT EDITORS.

ATHLETIC EDITOR. ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

EDWIN SAUER. ’07 SIGMUND PROB5T ”09 EDGAR GUENTHER oS ADALBERT SC HALLER ’07 ERWIN KOWALKE JoS

All Contributions to the Literary Department arc requested from alumni and undergraduates. literary matter should be addressed to the Editor-in-Clticf and all business communications to the Business manager. The terms of subscription arc 7$ cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copu s to cents Stain ps not accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper disi outinued Tho Black and Red is forwarded toall subscribers until order for itsdiscontinuntion is t ei oived and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postotlicc of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL We wish all our readers and our exchanges a merry Christmas and a happy New Year. ■*

A week or two more and aged Father Time will have added another cycle of days to the ever increasing period of his reign. This time of a week or two, however, though it appear yearly with unvarying regularity as year after year revolves before us, offering the same amusements, the same joys and pleasures, yet it remains as fascinating as ever and a heathen must he indeed be whom the ever returning yulctide leave cold and un moved. Looking into our midst, we are rejoiced to note that, to all appearances, there are none such. Though the older students retain throughout an air of stoic indifference when interviewed as to their plans for Christmas, yet it requires no experienced student of human nature to detect that even in their minds it forms the dominating subject of their thoughts. For whence !«M

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should come their impatient longings for letters from home, and whence those smiles overspreading their usually placid features when they arrive, bringing with them those little blue slips, the only things necessary to re duce the distance between themselves and home to a rapidly decreasing variable? As for the younger and newer students, who can doubt the sin cerity of their joy while they are making preparations prior to their de parture on the appointed day? Like a crowd of anxious depositors making a run on the bank, they have made their run on the depot for time-tables, though the distance to be travelled may not exceed a dozen miles; day after day we see some striking out the dates from the calendar, while others, whose mathematical genius has been aroused since their stay with us, have already ciphered out, from time to time, the hours, ay even the minutes, that must elapse before the arrival of the longed-for day of closing. And why should not they, why should not all of us in particular, look forward to Christmas with joy and expectation? For to us Christians this is not, as it is to so many others, a day for intemperance and carousals, but a holy festival instituted ages ago to commemorate the appearance of the Christ Child, who came upon earth to release us from the bond of sin and make us partakers of the glory of God. ITow fortunate we arc, therefore, that this short period of intermission is granted us that we may betake our selves to our parental hearths and there, in the circle of those who are dear est to us, celebrate the birth of I lim who gave his life that we might live. Before, however, laying aside the editorial pen for the last time in the old year, we taka occasion, in the name of the staff, to wish all, professors and students al «<e. a delightful vacation, a merry Christmas and a happy New Year. .f .* f *

Regarding the origin of the Christmas box we receive ample information in the Athenian Oracle. Here we find that the priests would say masses for the people on various occasions and would, for their pains, require a reward. The poor people would put money into the priest’s box: for they believed the prayer of the priest would be of no avail to them if they should not sacrifice some gift or other. The mass was called Christmas, and the priest's box was accordingly called the Christmas bQx. Poor servants were suffered to take a part of this money in order to pay the priest if he were to say a mass for them. In the course of time this name was applied to a box which was com monly in use at Christmas time. Tradesmen would give their journeymen and apprentices a box, with which they would go to all customers and collect gifts. These were in turn given to poor people and servants who had labored diligently throughout the year, but who still had not been so suc cessful as to secure sufficient means to support themselves and their family. Had all tradesmen, journeymen and apprentices acted in accordance

Origin, Use tvn l Misuse of the Xmas-Box.

'• . . : ; :

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with this, we could indeed have no objections to such actions. However, in the course of time this practice was greatly abused. It was finally be lieved that the tradesmen had a perfect right to collect a certain amount of money every year, and very often these tradesmen made use of this belief and lengthened out their bills considerably. The masters and mistresses saw how their servants were paid for their diligent work and would in con sequence very often lower their wages. The journeymen and apprentices would frequently put the money into their own pocket instead of turning it over to their masters, and would thus cheat their masters, the poor people for whom these gifts were intended, and also those people that had sacri ficed these gifts. These abuses led to the abolition of the Christmas box.

■

4 4 4 4 4

The mistletoe is a parasitic evergreen plant or shrub growing on many kinds of trees, as the apple, fir, pear. and poplar, but very rarely is it found on the oak. It commonly grows to a height of about four feet, its thick leaves spring out in a cluster-like form and the white translucent berries it yields are about the size of currants. Certain species grow in New Jersey and California, but the original mistletoe is found in Europe only. It was held in high veneration by the Druids when it grew upon the sacred tree—the oak—and woe to the man who dared to interfere with its growth on this tree without the order of a priest to do so. It was gathered by the Druids with great solemnity during the winter solstice, which was almost universally looked upon in Europe as a festival period. Sprays were hung over the entrances to the houses as a propitiation of shelter to the sylvan gods during the cold season. In northern mythology Haider is said to have been killed with a spear of mistletoe. Among the Celts mistletoe which grew upon on oak was in peculiar esteem for its magical virtues. It was reputed to have cured epilepsy, convulsions and diseases of that kind, but today to our knowledge it possesses no medicinal properties whatever. In ancient times mistletoe was used for decorating in churches, but after the custom of kissing beneath its sprays had originated it was abandoned and holly took its place. Though banished from churches, mistletoe and the kissing under it flourished in the servants’ hall at the Xmas period. Before long no drawing room was without it. It was hung up in great state and whatever female chanced to be under it was kissed by the young gentleman standing nearest by. Kissing under the mistletoe is undoubtedly a survival of the Saturnalia of the ancients, although many believe it to have originated with the goddess of Love. In England all classes and ages will ingly deliver themselves up to the long established custom. In France the mistletoe has never reached any special significance. The holly, pine and laurel were found more suitable for Xmas decorations. Not unfrequently is the mistletoe imported at Xmas time from Normandy and Germany, but as the holly is generally the favorite evergreen for decorating The Mistletoe

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purposes, it not uncommonly carries with it the oscillatory privileges ac corded in England to mistletoe alone.

-* * * * * 'Phe joyousness, the “peace and good will,” and the “Merry Christmas” of the greatest of all holidays in and Day Christian countries are still fresh in the hearts of all men when the New Year hells and the joyous “Happy New Year” join to make the happy still happier and to give the unfortunate new hope and courage. 'Pile day which marks the beginning of the new year has been celebrated for centuries by all nations; in Christian countries by solemn religious services, in pagan countries by wild orgies, by gorging and drinking. As in the present day the celebration of New Year's day begins the evening before, so was the custom in years gone by. New Year’s eve is now often spent by attending parties at which games are usually played, involving much superstition, referring to the luck or prosperity for the new year. Ii is also a general custom to let the church bells peal out, ring ing out the old and ringing in the new year. Two centuries ago the evening was spent in a s« , mewhat similar manner. The neighbors assembled round some glowing hearth and there drank wassail in content and enjoyment, wishing each other health and prosperity and, which is the most important part of the celebration, they drowned in the wassail bowl every former ani mosity—an example worthy of modern imitation. Many other little customs were observed, such as going from door to door with a bowl of wassail to sing and pass the bowl to the neighbors, from whom they received small presents. New Year's day up to within two decades was as a rule observed by paying visits to acquaintances and presenting them with gifts. This prac tice has died out in this country, but in China all the men are required by custom to call on relations, teachers, and friends, and for three days the visiting goes on. Phe New Year’s rejoicing continues for three days, when the poorer classes begin to work again, while the larger places of business are closed for a month. Giving presents and worshipping the household gods also form a large part of the celebration. The giving of presents was a universal custom of nearly all nations. It was the custom of Chinese and Persians, of Romans and Saxons. The donors were influenced partly by good will, partly by superstition. They believed that one who made a present of some small article, even if it was only an “orenge or lymon stickt round about with cloves,” would be lucky for the rest of the vear, for all gifts were thought to be omens of success. Many other superstitions were connected with New Year’s day. The people prophesied the weather of the coming year from the direction of the wind the evening before. No one would carry anything out of the house, not even ashes or water; before bringing something into it, and it was supNew Year’s Eve

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posed to be an evil omen if a woman was the first person to cross the threshold on that day. Most of these ancient customs and superstitions have either died out or occur only in jests and games. But the old “waes-hael" still survives in our modern “Happy New Year.” ^ *

ALUMNI N. Sr., to N. Jr. Rapids, Wis., Nov 15, 1906. My Dear Son :— In your last letter you speak of the difficulties you encounter in some of your studies; and I gather from what you say that at times you feel a little discouraged. Now the fault might lie with the course of studies that has been mapped out for you by your teachers. But after looking over the curriculum of your college, I find that the branches of knowledge for each class have been very judiciously selected and the ground to be gone over each year is not so extensive that a student of average ability cannot accomplish the task. So, 1 fear, the fault must lie with you. And from what 1 know of you, I must infer that your difficulties arise not so much from want of ability or diligence as from want of judgment. When you take up a science that is new to you, do not expect to see clearly through it at the first glance. Knowledge is a ladder that must be climbed step by step. Only be sure to place your foot firmly on each round as it comes. That is, study each lesson or paragraph of your text-book in its order, and do not proceed to the next until you have fully mastered the preceding one. A slighted task will at some future time surely prove to be a missing link in the chain of your studies, and may cause you no end of annoyances. If you conscientiously follow this course, you will never have to fear the difficulties of any science, for you will then tackle and down them one at a time. And every obstacle overcome will strengthen your mental powers for the next encounter, and cause you more pleasure than all the smooth sailing taken together. Burke says, difficulty is a source of greatness; and he is right. No man has ever scaled the wall of greatness who had not before graduated in the school of difficulties. So do not be impatient with yourself nor with vour studies; but remem ber the Latin adage: Fortcm fortuna adjuvat. Your loving father. N.

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Personal Notes. —Among former students who put into practice their knowledge of peda gogy is Philipp Lucas, a member of the class of 1888. After being an instructor of German for a number of years, he was appointed principal of the Thirteenth District School in the city of Milwaukee. Always active in promulgating the interest in German, he assisted in organizing a society consisting of German teachers, of which he has been president to date. Recently he has been especially honored by being elected secre tary of the Wisconsin branch of the National-German-American Alliance. —W. H. Koerts, who attended the academy for some time, is an optician, located at Chicago, Illinois. —Max Wegemann went into business upon leaving the institution. He is proprietor of a retail dry goods house which is bringing him ample returns. Address: Lake Mills, Wisconsin. —George D. Sprain, a former student, made banking his business. Under his direction is the West Salem State Bank, West Salem, Wisconsin. —Edward Lemkc, who graduated in 1890, after acquiring a number of years’ experience in teaching, was appointed instructor at our institution, lie later entered into the employ of the Pullman Car Company, Chicago, as private secretary to the Superintendent. Resigning recently, he is now a member of tin- editorial staff of the Hcrold, one of the daily publica tions of Milwaukee. —Miss Ella Minna Birr and Arnold Ludwig Schulz were united in mar riage on the eighteenth of October. Mr. Schulz is pastor of a Lutheran church at Alma. Wisconsin. 0000

0\ir Contemporaries “Yet once more" before Christmas, O ye exchanges, it becomes our duty to compel a limited number of you to run the gauntlet of our humble criti cisms. Before subjecting you to this ordeal, however, we take occasion to wish all of our exchanges, their exchange editors in particular, be they males or otherwise, a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. The Transylvanian (Lexington, Kv.) is the latest exchange to venture into our sanctum. We feel fortunate in securing The Transylvanian as an addition to our exchanges and extend a hearty welcome. The various de partments are well edited and the lines of distinction between them clearly drawn, the latter being a feature which many of our exchanges lack. Only such matter should be printed under each head that strictly pertains to it, and all irrelevant things mercilessly rejected. In "The Poetry of Oscar Wilde" the author pleads for the recognition of Wilde’s works, which, owing to the poet’s personal failings, have beer greatly underestimated. To use

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the words of the author, “the personal character of a great writer should be withheld from the balances in the final judgment of his work.” “The first Kentucky Historian” is a short biography of John Filson, and should be of special interest to those who may call Kentucky their native stale. Of course we read the "Vita Profcssoris,” but quod hoc sibi vult? We con clude that the writer wishes to give an example of a wordly translation; if this be not the case, we would gladly be enlightened on the matter, 'Hie article “San Francisco: a City that Has Learned” proved to be highly in teresting in so much as it acquainted us with the conditions existing among the laboring classes of that city before the earthquake. It describes, prin cipally, a scene on the square, set apart by the authorities for the lower classes. Here they would collect to discuss their rights and grievances and listen to wild demagogues of every class, from the would-be Christian re former to the rankest Socialist. The supposition that the destruction of • . the city came as a punishment for the evils existing therein, the writer re jects as ridiculous, without, however, supporting this bold assertion with a single proof. To us, on the contrary, this seems highly probable, and the mere contradiction does little to make us change our opinion. “Ilook Re views” is a creditable department. The reviews are interestingly written, bringing into view the merits of the respective books for the benefit of the prospective reader. The exchange editor’s opening paragraph is unique and pleasing to say the least, and we admire the matter-of-fact way in which the editor launches into his work. Evidently he is awake to the fact that “the duties of his department” demand work, patient ami diligent work. After having perused the pages of The Whitn'orthiun (Tacoma, Wash.) we experienced a feeling of disappointment, the cause of which we are unable to definitely determine-. Perhaps the fault lies with the exchange column, which is far from being ideal, perhaps with the literary depart ment, owing to the paucity and brevity of its articles, which are but partly compensated for by the quality of "True Americanism.” The Abbey Student (Atchison, Kan.) contains, as usual, a goodly amount of reading matter. As fiction is a dominating element in the his tory of any country, the author of “James Whitcomb Rilev” maintains that the subject of his sketch should occupy a prominent position among those American writers whose works will be transmitted to posterity. Person ally we feel ourselves somewhat indebted to the author, as his article—we are forced to admit it—was to us the first inducement to read that poet. The article on “John Muss” we refrain from criticising, as we do not wish to disturb the friendly relations now existing between us and the Abbey Student. “The Student's Aim” emphasizes the importance of preparing ourselves in our youth for the struggles of life before 11s. This preparation consists mainly in our choosing and cultivating high and noble ideals, the importance of which can hardly be overestimated if we consider that “a lack of ideals is next door to inactivity, inactivity to laziness, and that lazi ness is the mother of vice.” “Literature and Life” is another article which

For the best Photos

XMAS CIGARS I

For the holidays we have small box es containing : :

GO TO

Jit Ulrigbt’s ground floor gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after

25 Sea Rose at 90c per box

price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS Order early as the supply is limited.

neumami $ Krueger 110 N. 2nd 51.

Watertown

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

m. D. Sproesser Co. Jewelers

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

« t

PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Street.

WATKRTOWN WIS.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS . . Buchheit Block.

AUG. WIGGENHORN JEWELER 13 Main Street.

H. C, REICHERT TEACHER. OF

of all kinds in Season. Good things to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

Violin. Piano and Harmony Studio 109 Main St. Third Floor, Above Hertel & Hoffmann's Clothing Store

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we would advise every one to read. What most attracted our attention in “A Bit of Nature” was the remarkable volatility of the author’s thoughts, by virtue of which he succeeds in speaking not only dc rebus omnibus but dc quibusdam aliis as well. The exchange column is examplary and betrays diligent work on the part of its editor. “A Few German Customs and Institutions,” beginning in the November number of The Clarion (Appleton, Wis.) is an entertaining and instructive article, acquainting us with facts of which the average American, as a rule, knows very little. The contents of the articles “Thanksgiving at Grand father’s” and “A Thanksgiving Tragedy” arc somewhat frail, though the style of the latter is commendable. The Trinitonian (Waxahachie, Tex.) can always be relied upon to offer us some truly interesting piece of fiction, to which fact “Giving Thanks,” in the November issue, is no exception. Though the close is perhaps con trary to what one might at first expect, it is without a doubt the proper one under the circumstances. The article “United States and Cuba" portrays the causes which led to the present insurrection in Cuba and the responsi bility of the United States for the welfare of that island. In "A Solution Demanded” the author treats in a masterly manner the subject of “surplus wealth.” After showing that the possessors of “surplus wealth" are only the “petted and pampered children of pubile opinion, which has now turned in hostility upon its own creation," he draws attention to the disastrous results that will inevitably follow if the course of the money kings is not checked. As a solution he suggests “a graduated taxation of inheritances and incomes. The Leavitt Angelas (Turner Centre, Me.) is the first of our exchanges to contain a good football story. We had expected more stories of this nature during the autumn months when football plays the principal role on the athletic stage. Though we offered a somewhat lengthy criticism of So-l'o-Sf'eak (Man itowoc, Wis.) last month, we feel obliged to acknowledge the superiority of the articles in the November issue. “The Run of ’87," “The Hallowe’en Burglars,” and "A Thanksgiving Guest” are all very good, each one being a worthy example of the class of stories to which it belongs. The author of the second story is, as we suspected after having read it, some maiden; a member of the bearded sex would have been loath to acknowledge the won derful courage displayed by the girls in capturing the burglar.

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ATHLETICS

The football season came to a close on November 24, when the eleven played the last of the series of scheduled games. Although the outlook was somewhat gloomy at the beginning of the year, and though three of the six

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scheduled games were lost, the squad did well in every respect with the exception probably of the first game, in which fumbling and lack of knowl edge of the new rules lost the day. The second out of town game was played at Oshkosh on November 17. As it had rained a few days before, the field was partly under water and partly covered with inches of soft clay. This made fast playing impossible. Before almost every play the center was obliged to clean the ball. The Normals had hv far the heavier team, so that Northwestern was also put to a disadvantage in that respect. Kowalke played a good game for North western. Lineup: ()shkosh. Northwestern. .. center .. ...........Wenzel Kell......... No wit ski . left guard . ................Pfaff s ................Hass '* Karnes. . . left tackle . I Tart lev. . . left end . .......... Luetke Pits..'... right guard .. Westerhaus Wolf.... right tackle ................I'erg ___ Nicghorn Ximtz. . . . right end . ........ Weihert Yelte.. . quarter back .. left half .. .........Schoewe Doane... ..............Sauer King.. . . right half , .........Kowalke . full back . Referee, F.therton: umpires. Stern, Ebenheiter; touchdowns, Nimtz, King; goals, Doane 2: head linesman, McCoy; timekeepers, ITaislett. IT. Zeisler: subs, P. Zrisler, H. Zeisler, L. Zeisler; time of halves, 30 and 25 minutes. MILWAUKEE MEDICS, O; N. W. U.. 5.

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One of the hardest fought games this year was that against the Mil waukee Medics on November 24. The field was partly covered with snow and ice. Nevertheless the spectators had occasion to sec a good game. Both teams were obliged to punt frequently.. Wenzel made a fine seventy-yard run during the first half. In the second half Northwestern worked the ball to the Medics* fifteen-yard line. Here Kowalke called for a place kick, but one of the opponents broke through the line to block the ball. Northwestern lost the ball and the Medics punted to the middle of the field. There were but five minutes of play left. Kowalke punted and Wenzel recovered the ball on the opponents’ five-yard line. Three downs followed, which, as no body better knew than the players themselves, were the only chance for Northwestern’s victory. Three yards were made, then another, and at last one more. The Medics tried hard to prevent it. but the Northwestern boys were bound to score. Lineup; Medics. Northwestern. Mortell, Gruireberg L. Zeisler........ left end

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.................... Curtin left tackle . Hass.......... ...............O’Connor . left guard . Pfaff.......... .............. Buergncr .. center ... Wenzel__ ..........E. Jennings right guard Westerhaus .................Gnurlich right tackle Berg......... ..........F. Jennings . right end .. Nieghorn.. ........................Fox quarter back Weihert... .............. Poltcrdon .. left half .. Schoewe.., Brumbach, Mortell .. full back .. Kowalke... I kirkley right half Sauer....... Touchdown, Kowalke; referee, Wcndland; umpire, Foley; timekeepers, Diehl and Fox; linesmen, Probst, Cook; time of halves, 20 minutes. 0000

Review of the Football Season

The football season of 1906 is a thing of the past. Rejoicing over its victories regardless of its defeats, the this year’s team has disbanded, gladly making way for the coming team of 1907. Though the team has not so many victories to its credit as in previous years, we can be proud indeed of a team averaging about 150 pounds that met and beat some of the heaviest college teams of the state. The entire season was one of hard luck. Ripon secured their “lone” touchdown by a few lucky forward passes, something a trifle mysterious to the N. W. 0. boys until Ripon tried it with success. During the game with Marquette a high wind made it unusually hard for Northwestern to catch the almost countless punts Marquette was forced to make, for Marquette made the required ten yards only twice during the entire game. Never before did our team play a better game against Law rence than this year. From start to finish it could he seen that North western was not lacking in speed but in weight. At Oshkosh our boys re ceived the greatest surprise, when they found themselves unexpectedly con fronted by thirteen supple opponents, for we must mention the referee and the umpire, who played an unusually strong offensive game. Put in spite of this, Northwestern would have been victorious had ii not been for the six inches of water and mud, which put the heavier team at a great advantage. When college opened this fall the chances of having a good team seemed small indeed, as only five of the last year’s players returned. But Captain Sauer was not the man to be disheartened. After a few scrub games were played the team was picked and through his persistent efforts one of the fastest and pluckiest teams of the state was formed. The back line was as strong a one as N. W. U. ever showed on the gridiron. Captain Sauer. ’07, right half, cannot be given too much praise for his work both as captain and player. Tie placed confidence in his men, who in return in every game showed what faith they placed in him. His cool judg ment in selecting players could not have been surpassed. He always played

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a stubborn and fast game and by his indomitable spirit installed new vigor and strength in every player. It was Kowalkc at Oshkosh, Kowalkc at Appleton, Kowalke all over. Not without reason did Captain Sauer place Kowalke in the most respon sible position on the team. The backbone of the team, he was ever ready to take the ball when every one else failed to make the required distance. His incredible endurance was made manifest at Oshkosh, where in spite of the muddy field he advanced the ball five yards and more six times in succession. Probably no player on the whole team surprised us more than the left half, Schoewe. Never failing to find an opening if there was any there at all, a gain of five to ten yards could be depended upon. "Rah! Rah! Schoewe!" along ihe sidelines could be heard during almost any part of the game. Too bad that it is his last year. Zeisler, the regular last year’s star quarterback, was hurt in the first game with Kipnn and therefore could not eclipse his last year’s star work, as we expected. In spite of his sore leg he played a sensational game against Carroll College, time and again encircling the ends for long runs. The Marquette game, which followed, was his last game. There were great hopes put in Zeisler. and we regret that he could not show his oldtime foot ball spirit to its full extent. After Zeisler w:in unable to play, Wcihert, then playing end for the second team, w;h selected to fill his vacancy. Although weighing less than 135 pounds, \\ eiheri s playing could not without reason be envied by most of the accomplished quarterbacks of the state. He was quick to find an opening and quicker to take advantage of it. The two ends. J. Nieghorn and G. Luetke, were well chosen, as both were fast and strong. Nieghorn, though very light, was one of the most speedy and best ladders on the team. It was he who with Schoewe exe cuted so many forward passes down to perfection, so that many a ten yard gain was due entirely to their fast work. George Luetke never failed to go into a game with all the spirit necessary for a good football player. Good at carrying the ball, quick to follow up punts, he can be classed among the star players of the team. With their leaving the team loses two of the best ends it ever possessed. The splendid work of the tackles throughout the season can scarcely be overestimated. Never was an opposing tackle set against a more stubborn player than Hass. With no fumble to his credit he was a sure ground gainer. Few. indeed, were the opponents who were lucky enough to break through the line over him. Berg, who can be best characterized by his name, was too much for every opponent he played against. When he was called upon to take the ball it required all the strength that anyone of the opponents possessed to drop him. often more. His peculiar mode of play ing made him an unusually hard man to tackle, and in consequence he was often able to advance the ball for ten yards or more. The guards, who seemed ever ready to play a brilliant game, were never

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found too slow. Pfaff showed up extremely well for his first year on the Jvarsity and everyone who places his trust in him as a player for the next season will not be disappointed. Westerhaus always played a strong de fensive as well as offensive game and it was seldom that a man broke through him. He can be called a guard indeed, for many a lime did he save players from being tackled when he seemed already within his grasp. L. Zeisler, captain of the second team, played at end in the game with the Medics. He is light, but unusually fast, and we can look forward to him as one of our most promising players. Too much praise cannot be given to the loyal second team. Ever ready in rain or shine to play a practice game, ever ready to endure without grum bling the knocks and bumps they received in play against the regulars, their efforts towards making a good first team cannot be too much appreciated.

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DE REBUS OMNIBUS

It is scarcely credible that it took so important an art as dentistry, which to us seems indispensable, over two thousand years to rise to the rank of a distinct pro fession. In the tombs of Egypt we find evidence that certain branches of dentistry, such as carving teeth in ivory and in wood, yes, even filling them with gold, were already practiced before the times of Horace and Ovid. In old Etruscan tombs skulls were discovered in which pure gold wire was wound around the natural teeth and the spaces where teeth were lacking in such a manner as to indicate plainly that either artificial or even human teeth had once been supplied in place of the natural teeth. Although the ancients, as we see, were already versed in the rudiments of dentistry, it was only within the nineteenth century, when men devoted themselves to it exclusively, that its advancement was most marked, Up to a late period the practice of making teeth had been in the hands of a silversmith or jeweler, but when Dr. Koecher’s “Principles of Dental Surgery” made its appearance, the claims of the art to take rank as a distinct branch of science were fully established. The building of dental schools, the invention of many new instruments and medicines helped to bring the art, which for a Ions’ time lay dormant, into eminence. Dentistry was first introduced in the United States during the Revolu tionary War by a Frenchman, Lc Mair. Shortly after, J. Greenfield, the first American in the dental profession, established himself in Xew York. In 1795 he carved a full set of teeth in ivory for George Washington. They were fastened by means of spiral springs, and the neatness and ingenuity of the work was considered equal if not superior to any work of tliis kind executed abroad. The discovery of manufacturing teeth from porcelain greatly simplified the process of making a set of teeth and is considered one

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of the most important ever made in dentistry. As the art of dentistry ad vanced, teeth which were usually extracted were filled with cither cement, amalgam, gold, or gutta percha, the latter of which being the only vegetable product used for filling teeth. Of all these materials used, gold is the only unobjectionable one. Formerly much attention was given to shaping a cavity in a tooth, in order that by its contracted aperture the filling should be held in as by dovetailing, but by the invention of spongegold or little gold “pellets” and the automatic gold plugger, this process, which was the most delicate one the dentist had to perform, was made much simpler. The anaesthetics used in extracting teeth are chloroform, ether and nitrous oxide, commonly called “laughing-gas.” The first two are used only in case of lengthy operations, and as they are liable to occasion serious illness and even death, they ought not be given by inexperienced hands. “Laughing-gas" answers all the purposes of chloroform and ether in short operations and in consequence is the most universally used. It is estimated that about one-third of all teeth extracted arc removed under anaesthetics, llandc. I lerausgegeben von Paul Hinneberg. V

One of the most pleasant social events of the season took place on Sat urday evening, Dec. i. at the Washington House, when our first football eleven celebrated its annual banquet. Due to the donation of a neat sum of money by Mr. Yahr, a former student of Northwestern, we were able to make this banquet one of the grandest events in the history of football eleven banquets ai < ur institution. After the wants of the inner man had been stilled bv partaking of a dainty repast, F. F. Stern was elected toast master in place of Manager II. A. Frank, who was absent. Captain Edwin Sauer was called upon first to respond to the toast, “Our icjo6 Football Team." I le gave a short resume of the season’s work and said that he had succeeded in pulling forth a team entirely beyond his expectations. There upon followed many and various toasts by the members of the team. Schocwe, left halfback of the team, called forth a general burst of laughter when he was called upon to respond to a toast. He said, “I suppose you don't expect much from me, for my glass is empty already." Fullback Kowalkc responded to the toast. “Our Football Team for Next Year.” He said that lie sorely regretted that many of this year’s players will not return next year, but that there are a goodly number of candidates on the second team. Center Wenzel then expressed his regrets that he could not come back to Northwestern again next fall, but that he wished the team of 1907 every possible success. Thereupon Toastmaster Stern chanced to turn to his left and he noticed that Hass was getting rather pale and that Westerhaus was a close second. Hass arose and explained that he had smoked his first cigar and that it did not agree any too well with him. Of course, he did not have to tell us that, for we could sec that plainly enough. Westerhaus then arose and stated that he expected to be a past participle before morning. (We are glad to be able to announce that this did not come true.)

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Berg, right tackle of the team, said that too much credit had been given him for gaining ground in the games, and that he did not do it alone, but that he was greatly assisted by the other members of the team. Quarterback Zeisler told us how it feefs to stand on the sidelines when your teammates are playing. Our slippery little quarterback, Wcihert, who filled that posi tion after Zeisler had his leg hurt, was then called upon and he begged to be excused, for I am so small, he said. Luetke then gave us a few reminiscenccs of the Lawrence and Oshkosh games and after he was through speaking we could easily see the reason for the arrival of so many postals from Appleton during the following week. Nicghorn, a good proof for the truth of the words, “Good things come in small quantities,” then gave us an account of his narrow escape from drowning on the football field at Oshkosh. Pfaff and the others that were present also responded to toasts. After Erwin Kowalke, 08, had been elected captain for the season of 1907, our college yells were given and we then left for college, every one of us saying that he had spent a most enjoyable time. Those present were: Edwin Sauer, Erwin Kowalke, Theodore Schocwe, George Luetke, Ehrenfried Berg, Gustave Westerhaus, Norman Wenzel, Paul l Taft, William Hass, John Nieghorn, Arnold Sprehn, John Wcihert, Paul Zeisler, Henry Zeisler, Leonard Zeisler, Sigmund Probst, Henry Diehl, and Fred Stern.

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Military Company Notes Although nothing has been said about the company during the past two months, still it has not been idle during that time. Regular drill hours were held on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and parade drill took place on Wednesday evenings. On that evening the band usually favored us by rendering several selections. Drill out of doors was kept up until the middle of November, and then platoon drill was begun in the turner hall. Lieu tenant Edwin Sauer has charge of the first platoon on Monday and Thurs day evenings, and Lieutenant F. E. Stern drills the second platoon on Tuesday and Friday evenings. Company drill takes place on Wednesday evening. The setting-up exercises have been begun and we expect to finish them before Christmas. Especial care is being taken in the manual of arms and considerable progress has been made in that line. The bayonet exer cises will be taken up immediately after Christmas. A short time ago William Wadzinski, our color bearer, handed in his resignation, and Charles Toepel was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Wadzinskrs resignation. Hermann Marquardt and August Luepkp were appointed corporals. 0000

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Our New Arnesal As yet nothing has been said about our new arsenal and it will therefore be in place now to say a few words concerning it.

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The new arsenal is situated in the northeastern part of the old dormi tory and has two entrances, one on the east and the other on the south side. This is a very convenient arrangement, for it enables the cadets to enter at one door and to leave at the other, thus preventing all crowding. Our new arsenal is considerably larger than the old one was, being twenty-one feet long and fourteen feet wide. The room is electric lighted and has two large windows. The wainscoting and the doors are painted yellow and the rifle racks are painted black, with white numbers on them. At present the com pany has seventy rifles that are in first class condition, twenty of them .45 caliber U. S. Springfield rifles, having been bought last spring. This arsenal is something that was sorely needed and most earnestly wished for, and the members of the Military Company are much indebted to the officials of our institution for having furnished such an arsenal for them. 5 5 5 The Lyceum Debating Society

Not always have the students of our institution been aware of the fact that much benefit may be derived from the work done in college literary societies. Hut during the past year much interest was manifested in that direction. The Lyceum Society, now numbering about thirty-three mem bers, was organized then and they took up work with the usual enthusiasm again this fall. Judging from the way the speakers were prepared, espe cially the debaters, we must say that they evidently take great interest in their work, as well in preparing for a debate as in delivering it. Two of the subjects that have been debated upon are: “Resolved. That the natural wonders of the new world are greater than those of the old world.” and “Resolved, That the farmer is more beneficial to mankind than the manu facturer.” In both debates the positive side was awarded the decision. On the 13th of October the following officers were elected in the first reg ular meeting of the society: President, William Eggert; vice-president, Edgar Guenther: secretary and treasurer, Henry Schneider. Mr. Guenther asked for a dismissal from the society on account of having too much other work and his request was granted. Mr. Gustav Westerhaus was elected vice-president in his place. * **J Our Band With the close of the football season our band has again begun to have rehearsals at the regular hours. Of the old members, Wendland, baritone; Schlei, clarinet: Eickmann, snare drum; Otto, piccolo: Hoehne, alto, and Betke, trombone, have left. However, several new faces have put in their appearance: Eickhoff and Kuolt. cornets: Peterman. Heberer and Rhode, altos: and Kluender, snare drum. Thanks to the loyal support of the stu dent body, we have been enabled not only to have numerous old instru-

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merits repaired but to purchase several new ones, including a slide trom bone and a helicon bass, as well. Prof. Bolle, who so successfully directed the band during the past years, has again consented to take charge this year. With an abundance of material on hand, and under his able leader ship we may well hope to attain a degree of perfection never before realized. The number of members is at present approximately thirty. Here and there, however, we may often detect melodious ( ?) strains issuing through the keyholes of locked doors, behind which new aspirants are wont to seclude themselves in their endeavor to obtain the necessary qualifications for membership; and, judging from the number of these men we feel jus tified in expressing the conviction that ere many weeks have elapsed we shall have a band that numerically also has never been equaled. The officers elected last spring for this school year are: P. E. Horn, president: G. A. Westcrhaus, vice-president, and E. E. Guenther, secretary and treasurer.

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A Few Dorv’ts Don’t think yourself more than you really are. Don't forget respect to your fellow students. Don’t form premature opinions. Don’t form prejudices toward a study. Don't lose the power of self-confidence and energy. Don’t permit the visions of a sweet maiden to haunt you. Don’t forget your duty toward self—in body, soul and mind. Don’t forget your duty toward your neighbor. Don’t forget your duty toward your God. Don’t fail to make strong your beginning, for a good house must stand upon a strong foundation. Don’t become too easily discouraged by adversities. Don't “knock” unless you are ready to do better. Don’t be too anxious in the school room. Don't forget the duty you owe toward your school and therewith toward your college paper by always making consistent and noble efforts to elevate her both literarilv and financially. —The Spectator.

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LOCALS

—Hugo Hauser, Prep., of Horicon, was home Nov. 28. —Mr. W. Doehler. a brother of Edgar Doehler, Prep., who is civil engineer for the Milwaukee Electrical Transportation Company, was here on a visit Nov. 27. ?

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—Rev. A. Kircliner of Lowell visited his son Herbert, To, on Nov. 30. —Edwin Sauer, ’07, spent Thanksgiving at home in Juneau. —Mr, E. Jaeger of Ixonia visited friends at our institution. —Herbert Kircliner and Paul Pfaff, both of the class of To, visited friends at the Lutheran Seminary of Wauwatosa. —W. Eggert, ’07, transacted business in Dickinson, North Dakota, Nov. 27. —E. Motzkus, from the Seminary, visited his classmates and friends here Nov. 18. —A. Schaller, 07, paid his uncle, Mr. A. Schaller, who is city editor of the Herold of Milwaukee, a visit Friday, Nov. 23. —R. Dudcy, Prep., of Hartland, was home for Thanksgiving. —K. Dorn fold. F. Loeper and J. Jcske, all of the class of To, walked to Atzalan Nov. 4 to look at the Indian mounds at that place. —P. Koehler, ’09, and C. Baerwald, To, made a trip to Hustisford on bicycles Nov. 10. —Prof. F. Meyer, the director of the Lutheran High School in Milwaukee, and a graduate of the class of ’87, visited classes here Nov. 30. — I I. Wovahn of the Seminary at Wauwatosa was here on a visit Nov. 28. —J. Whyte of the class of 05, who is attending the University of Wiscon sin. visited old friends at N. W. U. Dec. 1. —Edward Zell, 08, had his Thanksgiving turkey at home in Juneau. —Arnold Eiekmann, student of the Theological Seminary at Wauwatosa, visited his parents and his former collegemates here at Northwestern Nov. 28. 0 0 0 0

Avis dem SemirvaLrleben — .'oerr Ariebrid) iUiopfus ftattetc feiitem Fater, .fccrrn Rafter C. 5. Sftob* fiiv in iS&incoufia, Siv., am !). Woncmber eincu ^3cfnd) ab. — Tie \x*rren Herbert Mirdjner itnb 'J'aut faff non- N4SnterfoUm befud)* ten itn* am 8. 2ionember. — .V'eiT Hjeobor '.’libred)t bcfndjte Jyrcuube mtb Fefaitute auf itufcrcc 5Ctt« ftalt in F>atertoion am 8. 'Jioncmbcr. — $err 'Fanl Fergmamt non unferem College in 38atcrtoroii ftattete feiiien Arcuubeii im Seminar am IT. 'Jt'ouembcr einen Fefnd) ab. — .'perr n’lbolf non .'llobr reifte am 24. 'Jionember nad) Winona. 9)?iitn., nnt feinen franfen Fa ter. .sperrn Frafe* Fb. non 'Jtobr, 311 befudjen. 9iad) feiiter 'Itiicffebr teilte er uns mit, bah join Fater fid) me.t beffer befinbe als nor eini* gen F>od)cn. (rr fitlilt fid) micber mobl gernig, unt feine taglidjen Spa3iergauge niadjen 311 tonnen. Ter Jperr Frafe* mirb fid) aber nod) einer Ope ration nnteivdeben niiiffen, bod) mirb b’.efc mobf erft nad) 38eif)nad)ten miternoutmen merben. — .’pen* '’Her. Morn reifte Mranfbeits bafber ant 19. ilconember in feine .'peiniat in Furlingtcn, F>i*.

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— $err ^aftou Sftholb Qocitccfc non 9?ortf) goiib bit Sac, 3Bt§., .Solpi non $erro Xr. $(. jpoenctfc balj.cr, fprad) am 2.1. 'Jfouember bci ben $crrcu Stubcntcn im Seminar nor. — §crr vsoOamte^ Stbclmcum mufetc -auf Stnvatcn }cinc§ Slr^lcS [cine Stu« bien cine 3cit lang niebcrlegcn nub reiftc nad) $aujc, urn fid) bafelbft 311 er* I)oIen. — ’Sine Sluaafjf $erren- Stnbcnten rciften (uvi (Meflcnfjc.t bc§ Xanfi'ajv «nfl§tagcS nad) $an|c nnb bcfudjten Germanbtc unb SUefaimtc.

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—Loo-oo-itch! —‘‘Well, Ed, how’s—you know.” —I. “Was ist schneller als ein Gedankc?” II. “Ich weiss nicht.” I. “Dein Gaul, wenn man denkt er fallt, da liegt er sclion." —Our friend Bora went to meet a train one day in hopes of making a catchon, as he said. He returned disappointed, however, for as lie afterwards sorrowfully remarked: “It was a mail train." —Heard in Latin recitation: Nemo agrum nieum interscindere potest, etc. Pr — t: “Niemand kann mein Felcl schneiden." —Read in a newspaper article: “There was scarcely a dry car in the court room when the lawyer finished his plea.” —Zisk (at the table): “Which piece is the larger of the two?" Doc P.: “Wait till they go inside (coincide) and they'll be equal." —Prof.: “Wovon war Gygcs der Griinder?” —Sp - tz: “Von dem See Gygacos." —Heard in the classroom: “The last man to be buried in Westminster Abbey was really a woman.” —Yip (in physics recitation) : “What makes your fingers freeze when they’re cold?" —Jinks (after hurting his knee in football): “I wish I had smeared my knee in before going to bed.” —Prof.: “1st der Schuler krank?” L-- per: "Ya, er hat seinem Enkel (ankle) well getan.” —The following was found in the “Black and Red" box: Lost, between sunrise and sunset, sixty golden minutes set with sixty diamond seconds. (This is not a joke, but a riddle.) —The cause of Tuff’s great liking for Diehl has at last been discovered. A word has been found in Chaucer, which makes all clear. It is simply because Tuff knew that “del” means a “little bit.” —Member of'13: “He is a good musician." Member of ’14: “What kind of musician, football?”

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—Prof.: “What kind of wood is this?” Steamer: “Ash-elm wood.” ■—Dr.: “Which is correct: to dream the day or dream of the day?” Sell - -1: “To dream during the day.” —H - rn: “Who is vice-president of the fourth team?” —Z - - 1: “Will you please explain that quadruped engine to me, doctor?” —Tuff (describing): “Me looked great. His face was as purple as the dawning of the morn.” —Scoi: “Since the football season closed, I am losing my wind so fast that 1 almost died when I gave my German speech.” — IT--st: “What is your favorite song?” Be-gm-nn: “When Kate and I were coming through the rye.” —1\ Koff: “What do vou suppose that big butcher down town weighs?” Pete: “What?” U. Koff: “Meat.” —Russico: “Haven't we anv recitation Thursday? I thought Thanksgiv ing was on Saturday." —Z - - 1 was shaving for the first time. The excitement of the occasion,. however, proved to be too much for him, for, dropping the razor on his foot in his nervous condition, he suddenly found himself minus the tip of one toe. Nothing daunted, he determined to try again, as all young men with will-power do. This time he was still less successful, for his nose got in his way and the result was—a slice of skin off the tip. At this juncture Dr. Felix was called, who quickly replaced the dissevered pieces. All went well until the bandages were removed, when the unfor tunate Edw. discovered that the tip of his nose was grown to his toe and the tip of the toe to his nose. Since then Z--1 trims bis toe with the aid of a looking glass and takes off his shoe whenever lie has to sneeze. X. B.—(We are indebted to Fatty F. for this bit of the history of Edw. F.) —What we may expect to find in the local columns of the Black and Red of 1926: —Hon Mr. Z - -1, who has gained such renown all over the country as an orator and singer, has been engaged as instructor of vocal culture at our institution. —Spatz. a former star at N. W. U., will again coach the football team this fall. —Shorty Helm, a cow-boy from the Wild West, visited the institution last week. —We are pleased to note that Nath. Fardles' (07) book of poems is num bered among the 100 best sellers of the year. —Dr. Felix (’09), the renowned surgeon, returned last month from a tour of Europe. —Yip Hen Sel is studying the Chinese language at the Pekin University. —We are in receipt of an interesting description of the construction of sod shanties in Nebraska by Dr. Grimm (’08).

For Style, Fit and Economy Wear

Leo Ruosoli’s Shoes 210 MRIN STREET.

At Main and First Sts.

Pur? Drugs and medicines Domestic and Havana Cigars Prescriptions a Specialty

Your patronage respectsully so licited.

Read tKe

WATERTOWN DAILY LEADER .•

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When at your wit’s end for a gift that will win appre ciation

RESORT TO GLOVES No matter how well supplied a man is, an additional pair of gloves is

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SEAGER’S

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Ben Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

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IF YOU WISH anytiling that a good drug* store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be right, too.

THE SCHEMPF DRUG COMPANY Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals

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Jos. Salick & Son Jewelers and Opticians Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eyes Tested Free.

Baseball and Spirting goods i and 3 Main Street.

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OTTO HE YIN BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. 409 Main Street.

New Furniture assumes a special prominence. If you are not satisfied with your furniture call on Nowack & Kohls, 6io Main street where you will see the most complete line in the city and the prices will surely please, as they will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches, Rockers and Centre Tables, Dining Room Tables, Sideboards, Bed Room Sets and Iron Bedsteads in profusion in all the prevailing styles.

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IT IS A GOOD DEAL TO US TO HAVE YOU KNOW That this store is headquarters for the best in things for men to wear; hut its worth just as much t.o you to have the knowledge, (haul evidence of the fact, is wo sell Hart. Schaffner & Marx Clothes, Witson Bros Shirts, Stetson, Tigar and Champion Hats. The best of underwear, Hosiery and everything in Men’s wear, to be had of the right prices at our

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Che Black and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, January, 1907.

LITERARY

Number 8

A Happy Mistake Paul A. Pfaff, ’io. Through the streets of an Eastern city a young man could be seen walk ing one bright, crisp winter morning. John Ostrum, an alert, energetic col lege graduate, had come to the city in order to pay his uncle, William East man, an extended visit. Since his childhood days, John had not seen his uncle, who was now a well-to-do merchant, and both looked forward to this meeting with pleasurable anticipation. Mr. Eastman, having been informed by letter of his nephew’s intended visit, was at the station on his arrival. He had not told the members of his family of his expected guest, as they were not acquainted with John, and this visit was in store for them as a little surprise. Mr. Eastman could not accompany John to his home at once, as he had an important business en gagement that forenoon, which would occupy his attention for some time. He accordingly directed John to his house, which was but nine squares distant. Here he was to deport himself as a stranger upon his arrival, and to tell Mrs. Eastman that he was a business acquaintance of her husband, who had directed him to the house to await his arrival. John was now walking rapidly down Pine street. In his mind he was recalling the directions given him by his uncle, according to which he must soon be at his destination. Yes, surely, this must be the place—a large brick house, several trees in the yard, the yard itself enclosed by an iron fenceall corresponded to the mental picture that he had drawn from his uncle's description. Without hesitation John walked up the broad steps that led to the doorway and pressed the push-button of the electric doorbell. In response to his ring he was ushered into a well furnished room, where he was gra ciously received by the lady of the house. He gave a brief account of him self, without, however, revealing his identity, informing his hostess that he was a business friend of Mr. Eastman, who had sent him to the house to await him, with the assurance that he would arrive shortly after. “Very well,” said his hostess, “you are perfectly welcome, just make yourself at home.” Then, introducing Miss Della, her daughter, she con tinued, “Della will entertain you until Mr. Eastman arrives.” And entertain him she did. So natural and unaffected in her ways and

220

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THE BLACK AND RED

at the same time so so pleasing and accomplished in her manners was she that John could not but admire her. And to think that this charming enter tainer was his cousin and he had never known her! But in the midst of his joy John had somewhat a feeling of restraint, in that he kept concealed from his hostess and her daughter his knowledge of their kinship. Why not reveal to them who and what he was? Why not turn the tables and have the surprise on his uncle? But then, would his uncle take it kindly? On these and similar questions John’s mind was cen tered and he pondered seriously which course to pursue. He was unde cided, but his indecision was not of long duration, for after several 11111111105' deliberation he resolved to throw off all guise and tell who he was. No sooner had he come to this decision than he turned to Miss Della, with whom for the moment he was alone, and said, “Della, don’t you know me? I am John, your cousin.” “You Cousin John?” she exclaimed. Then, as her mother entered, “Sec. mama, the business man we have here, a friend of Mr. Eastman, 1 wonder if he even knows Mr. Eastman.” With a hearty laugh she continued, “Why. mama, he is only trifling, it’s Cousin John.” John was surprised by this explanation. Not know Mr. Eastman, his uncle, whom he had seen but a short time before! Regaining himself some what, he said hastily, “Not know Uncle Will, why he sent me here.” “Uncle Will—who is that?” It was now Della’s mother who was amazed. “Uncle Will, Mr. Eastman,” was John’s attempt at explanation. General astonishment ensued. Miss Della, who now grasped the sit uation, partlv at least, now spoke: “There must be a mistake here. Tolin or Mr.----- ” “Ostrum,” blurted out John. “Mr. Ostrum,” she continued, “you say Mr. Eastman is your uncle? Then he probably directed you to his house: this is Parkhurst’s. Mr. East man lives a block further down the street.” “I didn’t—pardon me—such a blunder! What a fool 1 am,” said John, hurriedly and quite embarrassed. Here Mrs. Parkhurst, who now understood the situation clearly, said pleasantly, “Yours is a very pardonable error. We, too. were mistaking, for we took you for John Baker of Chicago, my brother’s eldest son, who, in a letter several weeks ago, intimated that he might possibly visit us ere the end of the season. So you see we were mistaking as well as you, and perhaps an apology is due you also.” “Not at all,” said John, who by this time had regained his composure. “That you at first mentioned Mr. Eastman’s name did not seem strange to us at all,” she continued, “for he has many business interests with my husband and often sends friends here in order that he and Mr. Parkhurst may confer with them on important matters. As for you, we can consider ourselves fortunate in having met you, even if under unusual circumstances.” Considerable time had been consumed in the explanations during John’s

THE BLACK AND BED

221

stay at Parkhurst’s and as lie left the house, after an invitation to call again, Mr. Eastman was just passing, on his way home. John joined him and cn route related his peculiar experience. They soon arrived at the Eastman home, where John was introduced to Mrs. Eastman and to Miss Elsie, her daughter. lie was given a hearty wlecomc; and when Mr. Eastman related the incident that had taken place at Parkhurst’s, it seemed as though there would be no end to the merriment. John lived up to his intention of making his visit an “extended” one. for such it was. The days passed quickly and his stay was anything but tire some. He was a frequent—and let us add, desirable—guest at Park hurst’s, where he was treated with great civility. It was but a short time before he was positive that in all the world there could be found no person more affable than Della. The two found each other interesting, to say the least, and spent many pleasant hours together. In the meantime, John Baker of Chicago had arrived at the Parkhursls. John Ostrum met him in the course of one of his visits at that place, and they found in each other those attributes that tend to develop a lasting friendship. The\ very soon became intimate friends and were often seen together, not only at the Parkluirst residence, but also at that of the East man family. It was at the latter place that John Baker was introduced to Miss Elsie, the daughter of William Eastman. He had good sense and taste enough to see that she was not onlv a brilliant conversationist, but a person of refine ment and culture as well. In a short time they were quite familiar friends, as if they had known each other for years. Winter passed and the advance of spring was heralded, by the fragrance of flowers and the songs of birds. In the latter part of May two engage ments were announced. The happy people concerned were John Ostrum and Della Parkluirst constituting one couple, and John Baker and Elsie Eastman the other. The dinner given in honor of this double event was one at which joy and festivity prevailed. The general theme of conversation at this joyous feast was John Ostrum’s arrival in the city. Many and varied were the allusions to the day when he first met Della Parkhurst and had been mis taken for her cousin. It was conceded by all present that the cause of the present festive scene, his first visit at Parkhurst’s, was indeed A HAPPY MISTAKE. 0000

A Modern Ghost Story. Ehrenfried Berg, ’io. In days gone-by many people believed that the dead appear again as ghosts. But to-day the superstition that ghosts haunt this world is very seldom met with. We do, however, listen with an intent ear when a thrilling ghost story that was handed down from generation to generation is told

222

THE BLACK AND RED

us, and sometimes its truth can hardly be denied. But, were we acquainted in detail with those stories, we should perhaps find them to be similar to the one that I shall try to describe. It was not long after the opening of school at W. that a number of boys planned a good time. They had heard that a few of their friends intended to visit the city cemetery at midnight to show their bravery. This gave them an opportunity to play a good joke on that party. They planned to dress as ghosts and hide behind one of the large vaults in the cemetery, from where they could at the arrival of their friends stealthily creep near them, and then suddenly rise and utter some ghostlike sounds. The night had come when the party was supposed to make its mid night tour. They set out at a late hour. When they stepped out into the night, a stillness, only occasionally interrupted by the rustling of leaves, pervaded everything. The moon was shining brightly, and the long shadows of the trees bowed to mother earth. These conditions made their hearts tremble and the question arose among them, “Shall we venture to place our feet upon the home of the dead to-night?” But they didn't dare to turn back now. They knew that they would be laughed at and called cowards the next day if they did. They determined to carry out the adventurous deed. The path that led them to the cemetery was dreary and passed through a deep ravine. When they reached the bottom of that valley, which was clothed with almost total darkness, fear crept over them again. But no one ventured to suggest to turn back. The conversation ceased and the fall of their footsteps echoed and re-echoed as they walked over the old bridge which led over the small creek in the ravine. But nothing out of common presented itself while they passed through that dark place, and their hearts began to feel lighter. But when they reached the entrance of the cemetery they once more hesitated. The glittering of the tombstones in the shade of the trees and the wind, which was now blowing briskly, whistling about the vaults, made them think that perhaps supernatural beings do. despite their strong belief to the contrary before their departure, roam about in such unwonted places at midnight. Nothing could have induced them to enter, and they decided to turn back. But then the leader of the party, “Dare-devil,” as they called him, exclaimed, “I suggested this midnight trip, and will not return until I have set my foot on that consecrated soil. All of you may remain at the entrance. I will enter and walk around yonder vault three times.” This put the rest to shame, but at the same time it was a relief for them. They consented to remain at the entrance and await his return. The vault that he intended to visit lay about two hundred feet distant from the entrance, and those who remained at the gate could plainly see every move their friend made. They saw him circle the vault for the* first time, and all fear that anything unusual would happen left them. They ventured to enter and advanced toward the vault, but just as they were

TUB IiLACK AND RED

223

near enough to speak to their friend they heard the town clock strike twelve, and at the same time several white figures rose as if out of the ground. At the sight of these spectres they took to flight and did not stop running until they had safely crossed the bridge by which they had come. There they determined to await the arrival of their leader. They had not waited a long time when footsteps were heard approach ing. Once more they were frightened. They questioned themselves, ’‘Is it ‘Dare-devil’ coming, or are those ghosts following us?” It was their daring friend, and with him the boys who had dressed themselves as ghosts. The joke was clear to them. They then asked their bold friend, "Did you not shudder when those white figures appeared?” "I was not frightened at all.” he answered. "I knew all about the plans of those boys before we left, but kept them secret to see how brave you would be.” They then turned their steps homeward. On the way a lively conversa tion was kept up amongst them. No one, however, tried to deny that the sudden appearance of a white figure in the dead of night, especially in a graveyard, would frighten one, and everybody admitted that the midnight tour might have proved fatal to some one, for they were aware that many persons have fallen dead by being frightened. 000

A Winter Evening.

Carl F. Dorxfeld, ’10.

Mow truly pleasant it is to sit next to the fireside on a cold winter night, while the winds are blowing fiercely out-doors! Is not then home paramount to every other consideration! Heaven seems to come nearer to our hearts, for it forsakes the outward world to enter the selccter world in our own homes. The flow of musical waters is hushed in the forest and meadows, but a gladder melody chants its joys around the fireside. The fireside is the heart of home on a winter evening. Around it groups the family and begins cheerful conversation. No feature of home has such associations as the fireside, for it gathers most of our touching memories around it. It circulates the joy of life throughout the dwelling. Of it the poet says: "The snow falls on my shanty roof. And fiercely drives against the door: But my warm fire keeps harm aloof. And flickers on the hard pine floor.” How much blessedness winter evenings bring to a comfortable home! Just let it he comfortable, not luxurious: for luxury spoils the beauty of the impression. We may chat and jest with a group of friends. Of great joy is it to us to narrate all kinds of incidents in this circle. A winter

224

TIIB BLACK AND RED

night is the Sabbath season of domestic peace, and as such blesses the world with its richest bliss. To quote the words of the poet: “So let the storm beat loud without If only peace may rule within: All harping ills I’ll put to rout, And deem my solitude no sin.” How enjoyable household life is at this time! Home then realizes its designed seclusion; it is shut in from the outside world, and we rejoice in thick walls and substantial rodfs. But we do not rejoice only in our homes. Although life in-doors is more natural on a winter evening, pleasure can also be had out-of-doors. Many find great recreation in sleighing, gliding over the pure white garment of snow that Nature has spread over itself. How inspiring is the death-like silence, as one strolls along in the dark ness, which is only broken now and then by the melodious tinkling of sleighbells. Here and there a faint glimmer of light shining through a window of a house is reflected by the snow. The glittering stars and the mellow light of the moon also have an awe-inspiring effect upon one. Everything seems to be wrapped in silence, and one does not feel like himself until he again enters his home, the center of all happiness on an evening in winter. Since the joys and pleasures at the fireside comfort us more than those abroad, let us cherish our homes. If we know how to love and care for our firesides, we shall surely not feel the absence of summer pomp and autumn glory on a winter evening.

Che Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF. HENRY J. D1EIIL. 07

EDITOR-IN CHIEF BUSINESS (MANAGERS.

GEORGE N. LUE I'KK. ’07 OSWALD IIKNSEL. \>S

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Contributions the i.iierarv Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All i Ir.-sse 1 to the Editor-in-Chief and all business communications to the literary matter slcml I Business manager. The terms of sul'-. 1: |.:ion are 7; cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, 10 cents Stamps not aeeepti ! in 1 ,i\ment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued The Black and Red •' forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is received and until all arrearages are p.u I Entered at tin !’■ -t.-ftice of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

Once more we crossed the threshold of another year, yes, we have begun a new year. And to most of us this means much. For we are almost invol untarily led to glance hack at the year that has just elapsed and to recall and recount the blessings that have been bestowed upon us. Furthermore, we are led to take a glance at what we have done during the past year and how nearly we have succeeded in doing our duty. It has become quite a custom among most people nowadays to begin the new year by making a goodly number of resolutions. But before the new year has progressed very far they become aware of the fact that resolu tions are more easily made than lived up to. And so it is also with us stu dents. Last year we made resolutions that we would work faithfully and conscientiously and make use of every opportunity to augment our knowl edge. But have we lived up to them? We must confess and answer in the negative. We have not worked so conscientiously as we should have done and we have often permitted the golden chariot of opportunity to pass by unnoticed. Often have we wasted precious time in idle talk when we might have put it to good use by studying or reading. Upon hearing this someone

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might say, “Well, I'll not break any resolutions this year, for I won’t make any." But that would be a very foolish wav of doing. Why should any otic follow the tactics of those people who have absolutely no energy and no will-power whatever? If we failed to keep our resolutions last year, does that mean that we'll not live up to them this year? No, let not that keep us*from making resolutions and endeavoring to live up to them. And for some of us. the Seniors especially, it will be the last chance to work faithfully and conscientiously at dear old Northwestern. And we may accomplish much, if we but work hard and faithfully until June. And now is just the time for good, .solid work, for out-door recreation is well nigh past. Let us therefore, fellowstudents, make the resolution that we’ll work harder than ever before, and our work cannot but be crowned with success. Let us do the bulk of our work now and we’ll not have to stay up until midnight during the pleasant spring months. •f * -f .*

Different individuals will have different opinions. Con Of What Use is Our sequently it is but natural that there should be conflicting College Paper ideas concerning the usefulness of that little publication, our college paper. A comparatively short time ago, however, there came to my ears the echo of an opinion to the effect that our paper is productive of no good at all; that it is merely a matter of form, and that we simply wish to be up-to-date in having all the institutions of other colleges! These accusations are too trivial for consideration, while as a matter of fact our paper may be useful in so many ways that the difficulty only is the proper enumeration of them. While it is an excellent medium to those outside the pale of our institu tion, by means of which they constantly be informed of existing conditions, of our progress, of our needs and grievances, it is on the other of a greater value to the students themselves. The editors, besides being initiated into some of the mysteries of print ing, become more self-dependent, more capable of managing affairs for them selves, as the responsibility for the success of the paper rests mainly on them. Moreover, they are enabled, from the variety of the articles required of them, to apply their knowledge of grammar and composition to the best of advantage and to become keener observers while gathering their material. Meanwhile the remaining students must not be forgotten, as it is for them that the literary department has been set aside, and here they have abundance of opportunity to put their literary talents to the test. Primarily it is also for their sake that the editorial department forms a part of our paper, by means of which the staff is able to exert an influence over the stu dents hardly to be obtained in anyother way. Furthermore, the numerous papers from other colleges, which are so

IHH, BLACK AM I Klib

227

diligently read bv many of our boys, owe their presence in our reading room to the existence of our college paper. This very fact, however, has been raised as an objection to our having one, the parties concerned claiming that we, being of a Christian institution, cannot read the journals of wordly ones without harming ourselves. This is a concrete example of idle speculation based on prejudice. Other colleges arc as desirous as we to have the very best which they arc capable of producing appear in their magazines and I have vet to find the first .selection which would be injurious to the most juvenile member of the preparatory department. The exchanges, on the contrary, keep us in touch with some of the leading colleges of our land; they aid us in studying their methods and conditions, and thus improve our own, at the same time containing essays and treatises often of the greatest value to us in our daily work. Lastly, our r. •■!Vge paper is of special interest to our alumni—providing, of course, that tin \ remain loyal and subscribe for it; to the younger ones, because it keeps them in communication with those whom they have just left behind st nr * ’ i with the difficulties from which they are freed, and of interest to all mrmcr students, because it serves as a connecting link between them, he they located where they may. .f 4 .* .f

in many ways our Alma Mater is ahead of other colleges of its kind. The majority of her faculty members were educated in the land of universities and colleges. Owing to this her pupils are enabled to attain a better general education than those of the average American college. But she has one great defi ciency. She has no course in music. Musical training is an essential part of everybody’s, and especially of a clergyman's education. Many a young man leaves our college hardly able to tell the difference between a sheet of music and a manuscript of the Egyptian language. When he enters the theological seminary he tries to learn at least enough to make it possible for him to play a church hymn and regrets that he has not done so many years before. It is true, we have a band and an orchestra, and some pupils receive private instructions on various instruments. These people have an advantage over their fellowstudents. It is. however, only a minority of the students that have this advantage. The rest, as was said, master little more than the rudiments of music. But the greatest deficiency is the lack of vocal culture. Is it not in the interest of every clergyman to produce the best possible effect on his con gregation? And it is hard for him to awake the interest of an assembly which comes to hear him every Sunday if he has had no vocal culture what ever. Very often the preacher is more to blame for samll attendance than the people. A Deficiency

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THE BLACK AND RLI)

Is there no remedy? Are there not enough willing hands among our friends to aid us in the accomplishment of this end ? 0

Fellow-students, do you think our mass-meetings are Our being carried on as they should be? Do they serve the Mass Meetings purpose for which they are instituted ? 1 f that were the case, this editorial would not be written. No, they are far from being what they should be. The most valuable privileges which the mass-meeting grants are fast becoming worthless. What would an ideal meeting of all students at an institution be like? It would be a meeting in which all the business of the student-body could be enacted to the satisfaction of all. Everybody would have the right to give his opinion on any matter that has been brought up in the meeting, and not only would he have the right, but he could feel assured that everybody would listen to his words, no matter if he were a member of Sexta or Prima. Nobody—this is an ideal meeting, you’ll remember, not one as we have them—nobody would for a moment think of laughing at the person speaking or of jesting loudly. Why, that would make the speaker sorry for having ever spoken, for having such fel low-students, for being obliged to attend such a meeting, lie will never arise again to give advice, not if he has within him a last trace of selfrespect. No, this would not be permitted to happen in such an ideal meet ing—the student-body might thus lose its ablest adviser. Furthermore, if in such a meeting the question is put whether everyone is willing to give a certain amount of money for some purpose, the smallest boy, if necessity demanded it, would not be afraid to get up and say that his father cannot spare the money. And if he must be afraid, such a mass-meeting follows the rule of “taxation without representation.” The boy is expected to pay after wards, because he didn’t say anything in the meeting. Mow very just! Finally, if the right spirit reigns at college, it will come out in massmeetings when an election occurs. No matter whether the vote is cast by ballot or whether the officers are elected bv acclamation, nobody should influence his neighbors in any way. Then as well as at other times will there be silence among all. Even after the motion has been made to adjourn, one can tell how nearly ideal a mass-meeting has become, for nobody should stir until this motion has been seconded and is carried. Let us try to make our mass-meetings as ideal as possible after this. They should be one of those things which every student will take pleasant remembrances in later days. What benefits we derive from the study of Greek and Latin and Latin, and why every educated person ought to be ac Greek quainted with these dead languages, has so often been said that to speak of it here will to some seem trite. But let us bear in mind that we can always find boys at college that always ask “cui bono?” when studying Latin and Greek. Therefore it will not be out of place to

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229

give our attention to these languages again, and listen to the judgment and results as found by Mr. Francis W. Kelsey in an article of the January Educational Review. We would advise all students to read this very edify ing article. Mr. F. Kelsey says that the study of foreign languages in general con tributes very much to the discipline and enrichment of the mind; that they exercise and help to train the imagination, cultivate to a high degree aesthetic appreciation, clarify moral ideas, and develop great power of expression. As educational instruments he asserts that Greek and Latin become effec tive in the following seven different ways: They train in the essentials of scientific method hv making our own language intelligible and developing the power of expression: they bring the mind in contact with literature in elemental forms, give an insight into a basic civilization, cultivate the con structive imagination, clarify moral ideas, and stimulate to right conduct, and furnish means of recreation. The study of Latin and Greek conduces very much to a full command of English through the enlargement of the student’s vocabulary. The study of them enriches our language with syn onyms that express fine shades of meaning. All of us know full well that our language is highly indebted to Latin and Greek for our current idiom and for our technical vocabulary. No phvsician and surgeon, no druggist can make a success of his profession without a knowledge of Latin and Greek. To the student of theology Latin and Greek is indispensable! A resultant product of the study of Latin and Greek is a deep-seated knowledge and appreciation of our own English literature. No one, the writer says, can dare to interpret Chaucer, Spenser and Milton without acquaintance of them. The goal of classical scholarship is the ideal reconstruction of Greek and Latin antiquity. He adds that the more a student advances and grows intimately acquainted with antiquity, the more flexible and alert his con structive imagination will be. Me is ever dealing with the highest ideals that inspire him to right conduct. In conclusion the writer of the article remarks: The impress of a well-ordered course of classical study will re main, making life not only more fruitful and effective, but more refined and more open to the influences which make living worth while. * * * 4 J

In this day there is no excuse whatever for not keeping ourselves clean and neat in every particular. Although Cleanliness the transgressors are few, it is surprising indeed how they are capable of ignoring this godly rule, “Cleanliness is next to godli ness.” It is not only the manners that require one to keep clean and tidy, but also our health. There is an almost unlimited virtue in soap and water when vigorously applied. This does not mean that bathing should be car ried to excess. One bath a week will suffice for the majority of individuals. One every two weeks is better than none at all. A short bath in tepid water,

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THE BLACK AND RED

followed by a brisk rubbing with a coarse towel, is as healthful as several hours of exercise. Frequent ablutions of the hands and face during the course of the day are always necessary and every young man who takes a little pride in himself will not fail to keep his hands and face free from dirt. Probably no part of the body is so extensively neglected as the teeth. Tooth brushes and good tooth-powder arc cheap, and there is little excuse for the many foul breaths met with now-a-days, caused by defective or filthy teeth. Rather spend a few minutes daily in brushing the teeth than shock the olfac tory nerves of everybody you meet. A total abstinence from the filthy weed will also go a long way towards doing away with this inconvenience. To be neat and tidy does not necessarily imply that one should become foppish. Foppishness is nearly as bad and disagreeable as slovenliness. No matter how poor one is financially, clean and neat clothes can he worn. Clothes do not make the man, but they often make the world’s opinion of a man. This does not imply that the latest cut clothes must be worn. Presi dent Fairchild, in his address to the students, gave the advice. "Dress so as to excite no comment.” It is true that some great men have been notoriously uncouth and boorish in their personal habits. But these elements arc not necessarily connected with superior ability. Johnson was great in spite of his contemptible man ners, not because of them. Cleanliness is the first mark of politeness: it is not only agreeable to others, but also a very pleasant sensation to ourselves. A clean, neat appear ance never fails to be a good letter of introduction. *

4 * 4

ALUMNI Personal Notes.

—Edwin Lange, who attended the academy for a number of years, later entered into the employ of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company. Upon becoming especially efficient as operator he was traneferred to one of the busiest freight yards in Milwaukee. He is now chief operator at the Chestnut street yards. —Adolf Pfund, ’02, is with the Yahr-Kocser Lumber Company at Red Granite, Wisconsin. —A. Damann, ’95, after acting as pastor of a Lutheran congregation at Peshtigo, Wisconsin, for some time, has resigned and is at present resid ing at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. —G. Bothne. after completing his course in 1879, became a member of the faculty of the Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. —Emil Lohrweide, a former student, is managing a custom tailoring firm at Manitowoc, Wisconsin.

TUB BLACK ANI) RBD

231

—Gustave Haver, member of the class of i88r, and also a graduate of the Rush Medical College, Chicago, is practicing his profession at Milwau kee. Some time ago he became associated with one of the prominent hospitals of the northern part of the state located at Oshkosh. He is also director of the medical department of one of the life insurance com panies operating in the state. —\Y. Gamin, member of the class of 98, is a manufacturing jeweler located at Madison. Wisconsin. ■* * * -j»

Our Contemporaries

)

At last another copy of The Durban High School Magazine (Durban, Natal) has strayed into our sanctum. Expecting a literary treat, we eagerly scanned the pages in search of articles only to find that it contained none such. As The Thistle and many others of our English exchanges have admirable literary departments, we must consider our friend and Prince Alfred's College ('hroniclc to form a class for themselves with theBarrovian as honorary member. A college paper is, or at any rate should be, so to say. a mirror retlecting the achievements of the students in various direc tions. Since the magazine contains no literary matter at all. the boys either have failed to turn their literary side to the light or have none to reflect, either of which facts is inexcusable. Self-evidently an exchange column would add to the value of your paper. The ITallaee World (Nashville, Tcnn.) is the latest journal to seek admittance to the Fraternity of Our Contemporaries and, assuming that the future numbers \\ ill be as creditable as the Christmas issue, we do not hesi tate to grant it. The cover design is, by the way, the most beautiful and unique that has come to our notice this month. We would offer a few sug gestions, however, which we trust will be received in the same friendly spirit in which they are offered. The nature of the articles appearing in a college paper as a rule betrays the general tone or prevailing sentiments of the student body. Judging from the stories in The World, we cannot help forming the induction that the boys of the school must be amorously inclined to a high degree. Now, no one should allow himself to become so deeply engrossed with Dan Cupid's doctrine that other things which may even be of a graver nature, seem to be of only secondary importance to him. This is carrying things too far. To be sure, we have no objection to an occa sional well-writen piece of fiction in which one of the characters may acci dentally "have a feelin’ " for another, but it should form only a minor part of a literary department. Essays, narratives and descriptions, on the other hand, will always be appreciated by those who have a real desire for intel lectual profit and not merely an appetite for pastime. ‘*A Lucky Accident,”

232

THIS BLACK ANI) BED

however, is fluently written and the circumstances not at all impossible. In the first sentences of the last paragraph hut three of "The Apathy of Dick” the antecedent of the following, their, is not clearly expressed. The half tone reproduction with the Scripture verse represents a tasty piece of work but occupies a place as unfortunate as that if some of the ads. The half tone would have looked well on the page opposite the one with the Greet ings, while the ads., one and all, should have been banished to the rear. The Carroll Echo (Waukesha, Wis.) has apparently come to stay and is all the more welcome from the fact that it represents an institution which is more than a passing acquaintance of ours. The two stories in the literary department are as beautiful as they are pathetic, while the article “The Christmas Spirit," is also a most appropriate and well written selection. The editorial department is quite complete, but the ex-column might occupy the whole page without diminishing the scope of the paper at all. After a lengthy absence The Erskinian (Due West, S. C.) has again put in its appearance and we extend a hearty welcome, as we consider it to be one of the best edited of our exchanges. “Parting Words to Fifteen” is an impressive article. “Through the Eyeglasses of the Optimist" is written in a fluent though slightly pompous style. It contains in substance a char acterization of a true optimist, proving him to he the real promoter of our public welfare. The origin and present history of the "smart set" inci dentally occurring therein, is highly interesting. The word, loathe, however, is, in our opinion, not the correct term, as most people are most emphatic in their denunciation of this set. The expression, "morals destroying ele ment." is an unhappy or at any rate unwieldy one. We fear that the author of “The Daily Newspaper Is a Great Educator" gives- a rather one-sided view of the daily paper, selling not so much what it is doing for the average man, but what it might do if it were making the proper use of its opportu nities. That the reader of the daily newspaper may add to his knowledge of geography we will admit, but not that he can obtain a good knowledge of it. A good knowledge of any science can only be systematically acquired and not through a casual gleaning of miscellaneous facts. While the daily newspaper does give some reliable information on current history, the greater part of it is generally so sensational and distorted that it requires weeks before the particulars of any incident arc so sifted down that only the facts remain. “That it creates public opinion and leads the sympathies of the people in whatever direction it desires'’ is a fact rather to be regretted than praised, and one generally taken advantage of by politicians, who use the papers as a medium for extolling their own questionable virtues and slandering their opponents. That "some of the best English scholars of our land are employed as correspondents for our daily newspapers" is a redeem ing feature, yet sadly enough their contributions are generally the ones to be least sought for by the average business man, who cares more for advertise ments. market reports and locals, which are often written in a style that is little less than a disgrace to the language. “Honor in Labor" and "A Call for Peace" are both splendid articles and should not be overlooked.

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Till* BLACK AND RED

We arc grieved to note that The Vassar Miscellany (Poughkeepsie, N. Y.) and The Brunonian (Providence, R. I.) have not yet put in their appearance during this school year. These two are model exchanges and we hope that they do not consider our little paper to be so poor that they can no longer condescend to an exchange with us. -* * * -*

DE REBUS OMNIBUS Treasurer's Report of the 1906 Football Team

RECEIPTS.

$ 6o.6o 6,375 178.50 40.70 6-55 60.00 39.00

Balance from season of 1906....................... Collected from Watertown merchants......... Collected from the students........................... Gate receipts..................................................... Received for old stock.................................... Received from treasurer of Lawrence team Received from treasurer of Oshkosh team

$449.1Â° EXPENDITURES.

Football stock ........................................... Stationery and printing.................................. Livery and hotel bill.......................................... Referee's expenses ............................................ Telephone and telegraph bill........................... Transportation of Ripon team......................... Transportation of Carroll team....................... Transportation of Marquette team............... Transportation to Appleton............................. Transportation to Oshkosh.............................. Transportation of Milwaukee Medics........... For baths............................................................. Incidentals............................................................

$ 53-97 19.72 37-25 8.00 2.20

___

.... .... .... ___ ___ ... â&#x20AC;˘

30.40 20.25 29.75 56.10 41.60 29.75

___

10.00

___

7.08 $346.07

SUM MARY.

$449.10 346.07

Total receipts........ Total expenditures

$103.03

Balance................... Henry J. Diehl,

Treasurer. [A true statement.] E. E. KoWALKS.

W. P. Hass. S. Proijst.

i 1} 8

234

THE BLACK AND REI).

The Philomelrhian Debating Society The Philomathian Debating Society held its first regular meeting in the new year last Saturday night. Walter Motzkus, Charles Baerwald and Hermann Gieschen were accepted as members. The following program was rendered: “Weihnachten" 1. Recitation . Theodore Gieschen. ............“Brutus’ Speech” 2. Declamation Ehrenfried Berg. “Das Grab am Busento” 3. Recitation.. Reinhardt Ziesemer. 4. Debate........ .. .“Resolved. That labor unions do more harm than good” Positive: Henrv Diehl, W. P. Hass. Negative: Oscar Hover, Carl Brickmann. “Der Wirtin Tdchterlcin” 5. Recitation George Luctke. The positive side was awarded the decision in the debate.

LOCALS

—A. Zuelke, A. C., has discontinued his studies. He will most probably enter upon some work in Milwaukee. —Mr. E. Heilmann, a member of the class 05, who is at present instructor of the German language at the high school in Antigo, spent his Christmas vacation here at Watertown. As he did not leave until January 5. he was able to pay a number of his old collegematcs a visit. —Mr. R. Owen of the class ’05, who is assistant principal in the Princeton high school, attended some of the classes immediately after school re opened. —W. Voigt, Prep., of Merrill, who had to discontinue his studies for nine weeks on account of having injured his foot, has again taken up his work. —Mr. G. Price, a traveling medical agent, visited E. Grunwald, ’09, on January 3. —H. Geiger, ’07, visited friends in Hartland on his way back to college after Christmas vacation. —August Pamperin, Prep., had the misfortune to break his leg on Thurs day, January 10. He is getting along very well and will soon be able to go about with the aid of crutches.

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235

CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —How long did your resolution last? —D--chv: “Well. Happy Hooligan, I'll pull myself back now” (zuriickzichen). —One of the typewriters at our institution put the following into the Black and Run box: “Wanted, by a respectable girl, her passage to New York; willing to take care of children and a good sailor.” Gr—fs a good sailor. —Monhardt’s Christmas presents, as he named them, were a pair of doublebreasted trousers and a peg-top coat. —Prof.: “Where is the Mississippi river?” U - - s (13) : "I don't know.” • —K----to P»--gmann (pointing at some cocoanuts) : “Oh say, look at those potatoes with hair on.” —Hank: "How many flays until June?” —Schuft dreamed last night that he was dreaming. —II. Spatz. while walking with M. S. during, vacation, slipped on the icy walk, landing in that person’s lap, who instantly exclaimed, “You Laplander”! Spat/. however, claimed that his ancestors all lived in Germany. —Edw. F. (pointing at a clock): “Is that clock right over there?” Station Agent: "Yes, it's right there.” —Scoi: "My predecessors must have done something pretty bad that the curse falls on me.” —Mons: "What did your lady friend give you for Christmas?” --k: “A fingernail clipper.” —V. - -1 says that the secret of the twins’ ability to bring forth such sweet and accurate strains on their instruments is that whenever they come to two different notes they measure them with a ruler to see which is the higher. —S - - i's new book: A trip to Europe. (We regret to say that it is de cidedly uninteresting.) —D - - chy heard that Xmas was a short way of writing Christmas, so he asked for the American abbreviation of New Year. Spitz innocently told him, “Happy Hooligan.” That is how it happened that his many friends, “male and otherwise,” received postals wishing them “A Merrv Xmas and a Happy Hooligan.” —Sell - -1 (brushing his trousers only from the knee down): “This is all I have to brush when I wear an overcoat.” —Abraham’s orchestra has come to life and makes things interesting in the smoking-room every Sunday. —Prof.: “Name one of Franklin’s works.” D - - chv: “He invested (invented) the lightning rod.” —Prof.: „Was heisst, se esse incolumem?” Jack: „Er war unverzehrt.” -

■■■'.

■

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TIIE BLACK ANI) RED

to X —Bill E.: “When I was out west I took a stage from BCorners, where I intended to stay.” Pete: “Wasn’t one member of the troupe enough, that you had to take the whole stage?” —Heard on the second floor: “If you go down town, get me a two-cent soap and a bar of stamp.” —Bill E’s explanation of the use of a razor: “A razor is to man what powder is to woman.” —Schuft: “Did you ever have the measles?” Lang: “I had one measle on the end of my nose once." —Hank: „Ein Block diesweg ist die Backerei." —Prof.: „Wenn ein Mann seinen Hund zum Backer schiekl uni----- ” Sp - - z: „Um Speck zu holcn.” —Bones (our professional joker): “I’ll bet you’ve got a brother that isn’t your son.” —Quandt: “How can you tell that the ablative of potestas is potestate?" Maasch: “By instinct, I guess. —Gr - mm: “One of our professors had to show papers in (Germany that he was born.” —Quintaner to Quartaner: "Quit raising cain, kid, that's an indelible freshness.” —Cornu: “Yip would make a good pontoonist (cartoonist)." —Prof.: „Wie wird, wenn der Krieg aufhort, ubersetzt?" Quartaner: „Mit ablativ absolut.” Prof.: ,,B - hn, wann kann diese Konstruction nur gebraucht werden ?" Louitch (der gaschlafen hat): „Wenn der Krieg aufhort.” —Schroeder: “Say, Bones, your feet look big on that picture." Bones: “Well, all good angels have big feet." —Z--1: “If I keep on getting much thinner, I won’t have muscle enough left to kick the bucket.” —Heard on the ice: “What would your father say if you should drown?” K - - b -1: “Oh, I wouldn’t tell him about it.” —Guenther’s latest. A Kentuckian, waxing eloquent at the end of his speech, thundered out, “Let me close with the words of Daniel Webster, who wrote the dictionary, ‘Give me liberty or give me death." A friend at his side nudged him and said, “Daniel Webster didn’t write the dic tionary, that was Noah.” "It wasn’t either,” he said, “Noah built the ark.” — Little grains of powder, Little dobs of paint; Make a lady’s freckles Look as if they ain’t. —Ex.

THE BLACK AND RED Die Parallelen

Waren einst zwei Parallelen, Die licbten einander gar sehr, Sic liefen schon Wochen und Monden Treu neben einander her. Sic liefen (lurch Wiisten und Lander, Und liber das blaue Meer. Vergebens, ach vergebens! Iiir trefft euch nimmermehr. Sic wollten schicr vcrzwcifcln Vor Wchmut und vor Schmerz, Der einen wollte fast brcchen Des Parallelenherz. Da sprach die aiulre trostend: Lass fahren Schmerz und Lcid; Xoch treffen sich Parallelen In der Unendlichkeit.

237

The t

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C. G. CONN COMPANY, Elkhart, Ind. ; USEtheSTAR safety RAZOR

The Largest Assortment!'

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes, Sporting Goods To Be Had in the City. Call and See Us.

D. & F. KUSEL GO. DR. E. J. HOERMANN DEINTIST Office Hours: 8.30 to 12 A. M— 1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

106 First Street.

Next to City Hall

IT IS A GOOD DEAL TO US TO HAVE YOU KNOW That, this store is headquarters for the best in things for men to wear; but its worth just as much to you to have the knowledge. Good evidence of the fact is wo sell Hart KchalTner & Marx Clothes, Witson Hros Shirts, Stetson, Tigar ami Champion Hats. The best of underwear, Hosiery and everything in Men’s wear, to be had of the right prices at our

New Daylight Clothing Store. Clothiers and Furnishers 107 Main Street

Hertel & Hoffmann.

STUDENTS

PATRONIZE OUR

GOODS CO. Milwaukee, Wis.

...MAKERS OF..:

FINE ATHLETIC AND SPORTING GOODS Special Discounts to Schools and Colleges.

ADVERTISERS.

Write for Catalog.

THE BESTand CHEAPEST HOUSE

j.w.«pptn Buiioii,

AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

for band ^ORCHESTRA

isTMusHcoioJG. .Satisfaction Cuaraktceo

FREE

I I ILL,

or money rcfunoeo

d.WPEPPER 8T~H&LOCUST SI? PHILADA.PA

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be right, too.

THE 8CHEWPF DRUG COMPANY Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

Fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers Please Give Us a Trial. We Try to Give Satisfaction.

402 Main Street. The Largest Assortment of

Hodachs and

The August Gamm Crockery and Glassware Co. —Dealers in— Ci o eke 1*3' Glassware Lamps Stone Ware Bar Goods Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

Jos. Salick & Son Jewelers and Opticians Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses, lives Tested Free.

Baseball and Sporting Goods i and 3 Main Street.

Radtke

Watertown. Wis.

Son

MANt'FAC Tt'Kl OF

Photographic

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies

KNICK BROS.

We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. 117 West Main St. Phone 532

Supplies at

115 Third St.

Watertown, Wis.

FIRE INSURANCE FRED GAMM WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN.

OTTO HE YIN BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. 409 Main Street.

New Furniture assumes a special prominence. If you are not satisfied with your furniture call on Nowack & Kohls. 6io Main street where you will see the must complete line in the city and the prices will surely please, as they will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches, Rockers and Centre Tables, Dining Room Tables, Sideboards, Bed Ro om Sets and Iron Bedsteads in profusion in all the prevailing styles.

NEW FURNITURE NOWACK & KOHLS,

Undertakers, Embalmers, and Funeral Directors

Any Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective

)

ly when his feet are comfortable. Now we can fit your feet a thousand times better than any custom shoemaker could ten years ago—and you’ll save from two to four dollars. Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO.

606-608 Main St.

)

Best $1.00 Pctt Me Holder of good para rubber, nicely (luishod, point, of guar anteed Ilk gold, tipped with iridium, The top slightly larger than the balance of the holder, thus enabling one to distinguish by tohch or by glance the “right side up” of the pen. 1 rices postpaid §1.00.

I I

ThePettiboneBros MfgCo.

Cincinnati. O.

The Pettibone Bros, Mfg. Co., Cincinnati. O. Gnntlehien:— Your $1.00 Fountain Pen is a gem—a marvel of cheapness and one nf the best l have ever written with. I have tried it freely for the last month, and have laid aside a $3.50 pen in consequence, preferring to uso yours. Yours respecrfullv. Rev. R. K. Lee M. K. Church. Meadfiel, 0.

YOU ALL KNOW THE PLACE

HERRO’S WE KEEP THE BEST FRUIT IN TOWN. -----TRY ------

Wiggenhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OUT CIGAR.

For Style, Fit and Economy Wear

Leo Ruesch’s Shoes 210 MftIN STREET.

GAMUTS CORNER DRUG STORE At Main and First Sts.

Pur? Drugs and medicines Domestie and Havana Cigars Prescriptions a Specialty Your patronage respectsully so licited.

Read the

WATERTOWN DAILY LEADER Watertown’s Up= to=date

Morning

Paper.

You will have the opportunity to buy a Suit of Clothes, Over coat, Trousers, Shirts, Fancy Vests, Underwear, Hosiery, Bath Robes, Smoking Coats and Handkerchiefs at greatly re duced prices, up to Feb. 15. ’07.

WEGEMANN-FABER -KAERCHER CO. 217 Main

•Phone 823 Watertown

106 3d St.

For the best Photos

CIGARS or MERIT “Sea Rose” “Hiddle West” “Little Duke” Order early as the supply is iimiicd.

GO TO

Jit Wright’s ground floor gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and neumamt & Krueger no N. 2nd Si.

Watertown

Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

U). D. Sproesser go. jewelers * « PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 84-1.

213 Main Street.

Geo. Zoelle, Prop.

AUG. WIGGENHORN JEWELER

WATERTOWN WIS.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS . . Buchhelt Block.

13 Main Street.

H. C, REICHERT TEACHER. OF

of all kinds in Season. Good tilings to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

Violin Piano and Harmony Studio 109 Main St. Third Floor. Above Hertel & Hoffmann’s Clothing Store

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tlK Black and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, February, 1907.

LITERARY

Number 9

Mrs. Trollope’s “Domestic Manners of Americans” E. E. Kowalke, o8. In the year 1827 Mrs. Trollope, an aristocratic English woman, left her country to make a tour of the United States and to write a book describing in full the country, the institutions, and the manners of the Americans, who were then rising into importance. She reached this country at the mouth of tlie Mississippi, travelling by boat up the river to the Ohio, lived in Cin cinnati several years, and then crossed the Alleghenies to other large cities. She wished to associate with all classes, to be as just as possible in all her criticisms, and to give praise to everything worthy of it. In all her travels Mrs. Trollope found very few things that really pleased her. Her first glimp<o of America was the muddy, murky Mississippi. The broad, swift river, with its low-lying shores, covered with never-ending forests, and inhabited by uncouth-mannered wood-cutters and poor farmers, produced an unpleasant effect upon her. So it was with most things she saw. The manners of all the people with whom she came into contact were especially disgusting to her, for, whether they were in public or private places, she tells us they showed not the least idea of refinement or culture. One habit, which was universal, was that of spitting, chewing tobacco, and drinking whisky, which was very cheap. On the steamboats, in the streets, and in private, she met with the same abominable habit through the entire country. Even in Washington, in the House of Representatives, where many of the best men of the country were assembled, the manners were found to be no better. The members kept their hats on. cocked their feet up on the tables, and, as usual, were incessantly spitting. The odd sense of decorum shown by the people was a source of humor to her. The men and women were very seldom together. In the dining-rooms of steam boats and hotels the gentlemen occupied one side of the table and the ladies the other, while at private receptions the gentlemen enjoyed a sump tuous meal in one room and the ladies contented themselves with a small plate of sweetmeats, which they held in their hands. In the churches and theaters there was the same separation of the two sexes. The authoress saw many strange customs in the large cities, especially in Cincinnati, which was at that time the metropolis of the West. This town

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THE BLACK AND RED

had'no drainage system and in consequence there was a law that required people to throw all refuse directly into the middle of the street, where the innumerable hogs, which ran loose through the whole city, might dispose of it in their own manner. Cows also were seldom fed, but found a living on the streets. Morning and evening they returned to their owners, were milked and peacefully wandered back to their pastures in the streets. Phila delphia offered another instance of strange customs. After dark there was hardly a person to be seen on its large, broad streets, and the only light to be had was that of the stars and moon. On the Sabbath the streets of this great city were barred by chains to prevent horses and carriages from passing. The theaters of every city were severely criticized by her. She found the plays bad and the actors worse. When the play was good, it was spoiled by poor acting and by the disgusting manners of the audience. The theater at that time was very poorly attended: in fact, all forms of amuse ment received very little attention at the hands of the Americans, especially of the men. She says, “Enthusiasm and gaiety are neither the vice nor the virtue of the American people.” The attention of the people was diverted from the race for money mainly by religion. The religious services were also very poorly attended by men, but ladies and young girls thronged to the churches as often as three times a day. The devotion or actual fanaticism of the women was really marvelous. At the frequent camp meetings and revivals the other wise very decorous young ladies would grovel on the ground and resort to all sorts of contortions to testify to the fact that they had “got religion.” All night long at such camp meetings women and men could be seen on their knees, screaming and groaning until one would marvel that they could retain their reason. Many of the preachers were self-elected men, who traveled from place to place, entered the house of some brother or sister, and there held a prayer-meeting, at which he would discourse for hours in a monotonous tone to the attentive members of the household and to the neighbors. After receiving lodging and meals, these itinerant preachers wandered on to the next place, where the performance was repeated. This mode of worship was of course not general, but peculiar to certain large parts of the country. In the larger cities of the East such scenes did not often occur. The American sense of equality was a favorite subject for the authoress' ridicule and criticism. Their newly-found freedom had a bad effect on the more ignorant classes of people and also hindered courtesy and good breed ing in many of the better classes, because they did not know the meaning of freedom or how to use it. A scene which Mrs. Trollope witnessed on board a steamboat was a very good example of this mistaken idea of equal ity. President Jackson was on board the boat and there was not a “hulking boy from a keel-boat” who was not introduced to him unless, of course, the person introduced himself, as one greasy fellow did in the following manner:

THE BLACK AND RED

249

»• • General Jackson, I guess?’ “The general bowed assent. " ‘Why, they told me you was dead.’ “ ‘No! Providence has hitherto preserved my life.’ “ ‘And is your wife alive, too?’ "The general, apparently much hurt, signified to the contrary, upon which the courtier concluded his harangue by saying, ‘Ay, I thought it was one or t-othcr of ye.’ ” As a contradiction of the sentence, “All men are created equal’’ (which no one believes the present day), there stood before her eyes the cruel insti tution of slavery, which she denounced in very free terms. Happily we are now rid of that curse upon a free country. The fact that in the state of Ohio there existed a law that if a father strike his son, he shall pay a fine of ten dollars for every such offense, shows what an evil effect this false idea of equality had on the rights and morals of the people. Education in America at that time had not reached a very high standard of excellence. Newspapers and periodical trash constituted the chief read ing matter of the masses, while no one ever thought of reading Chaucer or Spenser. This the authoress gave as the chief cause of the inferiority of American literature, produced up to that time, and of the deficiency in learning and in taste for art or things beautiful. Latin and Greek writers, who contribute so much to a thorough education, were neglected. Music and art also received very little attention. The education of the average boy ended at the age of sixteen, when money-making began, in which the Americans excelled and still excel. So early in the great nineteenth century the Americans were recognized, not only by Mrs. Trollope, as the most enterprising people in the world, bold in attempting something new and most energetic in completing it. During her entire tour the only great things that really pleased Mrs. Trollope were the Ohio River, the Capitol building at Washington, Balti more, New York, the owers and forests in general, and most of all the Falls of the Niagara, which she praised in most glowing terms. Mrs. Trollope’s book was received with much ill-will in America. The Americans complained justly of some parts of her work, because they gave a misleading impression of the country, but very much of her description is true and just as she represented it. It was her nature to take up the humorous and vulgar side of things and to criticise that severely, and but for that trait the book would undoubtedly have caused less ill-feeling at that time and one could read it to-day with more credence. .'pane- 3ndj$. £cr poct.fdjc ilieprafentant jener uBcrroiegenben 3fteljrf)cit be§ beutjdjcu Wolfes, bic fid) eutlmjiajtifd) itnb mif iebc ©efafir fjiit an Gutters Sefjre unb 8ad}e cmgeid)foficu Ijattc, ber ijrbfetc S&rtreter bc£ 33iirgertmns unb ber 6itr*

250

THE BLACK ANI) RED

gcrlidjen SBilbung nnb uebcit Sutljcr beu l)eruorragcnb{te SOidjtcr bcr Rcforma* tiou§$eit, mar âitv ®adj§ an? Riirnberg. 3>cr Sidjtcr mnrbc am 5, famine 1-194 al$ Sc bn bc§ moblbabenbcit Sdjuci* bcr§ 5s»rg Sad)§ 311 Riintbcrg geboren. Sd)oit. in jeincm 7. ^cbeusjabre fdjicftc ifjn bcr Rater in cine bcr in 'jciucr Ratcrjtabl befiu-Midjen Satcinjdjiilcu, bic cr, nidjt ofjne grojjeit ©emlnit fiir bic Bufuitjt barau* 311 gicljen, bis 311 ![ciucm 15. âfjrc bcjudjte. Sarauf trat cr bet cittern Sdjubmadjer in bic Seljre. îtglcid) jebod) crlcrntc cr and) bci bent Sicinerocbcr nnb 9)?ei'jtcrjditgcr SJconljarb 9îtniicn* bed bic Shunt bes ^0?ciftcrgcfangc§. 9fad) Ooflcitbctcr &ebr3cit trat cr ittt Sfafjrc 1512 al§ Sdjubmadjcrgcjcll {cine SBeinberjdjaft an. (Sr manbte fid) 3ncrft nad) Subbeutjdjlanb tittb gittg iiber Regensburg nad) Xijrcl nnb arbei'ete in S dimag, viuusbrud' nnb 9M§. Sobattn gittg es nad) Rraunau, mo cr nad) joiner cigeneti 9(ugabe fid) eitijdjlofj, bcr SOtlife 311 bicncit. $ier bat cr bcittt and) jo.non crjieti 9)Jcijtcrgejaug gebidjtet ben 9)?aricugrnj3: „Saloe, id) griijj’ bid) idiotic". Ron Rrauitau uiaitbcrtc cr ilbcr 9)Juud)cn nnb RMirgburg bnrd) granfeu nad) Jyrauf* flirt a. 9)1., non bort nad) 3)bain3, mo er cine Singjdjule nermaiton ball. So* bann gittg e§ ben SHie'.tt Ijinab nad) Rorbbcutjdjlaub, mo cr laugere • 40it in Siibccf arbcitctc. Scitteit êinimcg naljut cr mcl)l i'tbcr Seipgig, (Srjurt nnb ben Xjii* ringer 3I*alb nnb fctjrtc 1516 nad) 9fiirnbcrg 3uriid. $icr ntad)>o or im folgeu* ben xsaljrc jcitt 9)?eijterjtiid nnb l.cjj jid) jobanti a Is Sdiulnuadier bajolbjt tticbcr. 3mci âfjrc 'jpdter 1519 oerljeiratete cr jid) utit Shuvignttbc .Wronger anv 3.1*e it* bcljtcin. 3wcr{t mobntc er in bcr Rorjtabt 9.1'blirb, {pater in bcr Stabt jelbjt. (St erfrente jid) elites bebabigoit SSobljtaitbcS, ben er bnrd) bas gallon on os .WrantlabcnS 311 tjeben jndjtc. ^m Csabrc 1560 ftarb {cine gotreno .\>ausjrau. Sdjoit im folgetrbeit ^vabre jd)(cg cr cine gmeite (Sbe util bcr jugenblidiett 93ar* bara giarjdjer, mit bcr cr and) gliidlid) lebte. 9)?it bent 78. Jab re jollies ScbcuS trat cine allmablidje •Rbnabme jciner forpcrlidjcit nnb gcijtigcn Mrajto cin. bis am 19. ânuar 1576 cat janftcr Tob jcin Seben enbigte. (Sr mnrbc attj bent •jyricbljofe 311 St. jobann is beerbigt, Icibcr ijt jcin ©rab nidjt tncbr botannt. •SaS unS ‘beionberS an $an§ .Sadis gcjaflt, ijt jcinc odite beiLjdie ©ejiuuuttg, jcin nnncrmnjtlidjcr ^mmor, bcr jid) bis ins bobc filter bci ibm erbielt, nnb bcr ll)ii and) in ben idjlimmjtcn 2agett nidjt im Stidjc lief). Renter join gcra* bcr, fefter, jtetS nad) 9Bat)rbcit rlngettbcr Sinn, mic cr nits flat* entgegentritt in alien jcinctt £atcn, in alien 'jeiucii Sdjrijtcn nnb bcjoitbcrs in bcr (Sutjdjiebcn* b’bbajten 91nsbrnd. 35ic§ ©cbidjt mnrbc nngcntcin jdjncll ilbcr jajt gang Xcutjdi* bcii nub Regcijtcruug, mit bcr cr jid) fiir bic Reformation ert'Idrte. (Sr battc Sntber 3mcimal in 91ngsburg gcjcljcu nub mar ft mold bnrd) bcffcit perjbitlidjc (Srjdjcitmitg a Is bnrd) bcjjeu Sdjrijtcn, bic cr allc anjS jorgjdltigjte jaimucltc, fiir bic nette Scfjrc gemonuen morbeu. Csbr m:bmctc cr nun and) bcjonbcr§ jcin SDidjtcrtalcnt, nnb Dcrmbgc bcjjclbcit bat er jcbr oicl gu ibrer 9lusbrcitung beige* iragett, bejenbers miter bent nicbcren 9>olfc. Sdioit 1523 gab cr jciucr 93cgci= jtcrung fiir ben Rejormaior in bent ®cbid)tc: ,X':c SBittcnbcrgijd) Radjti-galf" iattb nerbreitet nub fatvb itbcrall 9luflattg. 58on bent faljdicu 9)foitbjd)cin go* blcnbct, bic§ iji bcr fnrgc ^nljalt bes ©cbidjtcs, Ijat jid) cine .'oerbe (bic (5||i{t*

TUB BLACK ANI) RED

251

lidje ©cmeinbe) non bcm .$irtcn iinb bcr gnten SBeibe in cine 3Biiftc ocrirrt, mo fie iinlcr re.genbe Xicre gerdt. S>\cle Sdjafe merbett non i'Oitcn, befonberS non bcm Sorocn, ('4>opft £eo) êrriffen, nnb bie $crbc ncrameifelt fdjon an jcber Ret* tunfl. ba erbebt plbplid) cine Radjtigall (Anther) iljrc licblid;c Stimmc nnb ge* loiter b c, melrf;e ibr t'clgcn, anf cine ‘[djonc Rite, mo bie Sonne bell fdjcint. £a indjt nnn bcr ôme uergeblid) bie Radjtigall 311 crmiirgcn, nnb bic anbereit £iere erljeben nmfonft it)r (antes Webenl, urn bie Rad) tig-all 311 iibertonen, aber ,,jOc benlcn ift a lies tel, bic Rarijtigall fingt jljn 311 bell nnb tut fie all crnieberlegen." Rad) bieier (Sinleitmig folgt bann cine langc RnSeiitanberfebnng berjenigen ©lanbensiaOe nnb ^crbaltuiffc in bcr fatOolifdjcn ST\rd)C, bie befonberS non Outlier befiininit mnrben. Xas ©aii3c fdjliefjt mit ber Rniforbernitg, bc» $ap* ill’s '4.1'ii|le 311 nerlaiien nnb [id) micbcr bent gnten .'pirten pefns (Sbriftns 311311* menben. £ag nnn biefes ©ebidjt bie beabfldjtigtc SBirfnitg anf bie ©emitter ber einfari;e.i .'pnnbmerfer nnb slttirgcr ansiibte, ift iolbflnerftanblid). '•IH’ionbcres s?l nffelien erreg e and) ein ini pa Ore 1527 gcmcinidjafflidj mit 91. Ciianber lieransgegebenes '4ttid:le.n: „6tjn mmtberlidj 3£et)ifagnng non bem 'âbittnm, mie es ibr bis ans (Sitbc ber 3Belt gcljen ioll, in #ignren ober ©cmal begriffen." (is iinb :»u Wilber. 311 meld;en .'pans Sadjs 150 43cr[e 31m Grfla* rung lieferte. •'IBcgcn biejes ©cbidjtes mnrbe ibm nont Rat bcr .Stabt 9ciirn* berg cine fcliarfe Riige ;n te l. Xedi .'pans Sadjs fiimmertc [id) nidjt barnnt, fern (S'ifor fur bie none Sadie mar idjon 311 grog, als bag or Ijdtte fcfjiucigcn ton* non. So folgte benn eine gaiue 911130!)I ©ebidjte biefer 9lrt. Xie bebenicnbiten amor benielben iinb mold: ,.Ter gnte nnb bcr bofe .'pirt", „(Spitapl):nm Sutljeri" nnb „£ic '-I'ergleidauig bes Capites mit (Sbrifto, jbr paiber Seben nnb ^3ai* iicn." 91 nd) gogen bie 94cigbrdnd:e nnb Ucbclitdnbe bcr fatboliidjen Sl.rdjc fiifjrt or oft idjarfe S reide. Wegen bas Relignicnmcvm ridjtet iid) fciit „.$ciltnm iiir bas iinfleigige .spansbalten"; gegen ba§ iippige SHcfterlebcn: „3)cr Sbeljer* meiiter mit ber RJelilinppc"; gegen âpit nnb 9lb(ag: „£cr Sdjmauf Pain Per* forenen nnb rebenben Wnlben". 9lnd) ber Cbrcnbeidjtc, bem 3£eif)maficr nnb bcm ianlen ilK'bndjtnm mibinet er oft ein fraftiges 3Bort. Rile feiue 5fngriffe mngte er bnrd) 4i>ig unb oft beigenbe Satire einbringlid) 311 inad’cn. (Ss iit ielbimeritanbld). bag b es êugnis eincs DJi'amic* ans bem Rolfe anf bie ©emeinben (Sinbrncf madj'e, nnb fo bie Stird)cnreform erleiditcrte nnb be* idtlennigte. Unb barin liegt eben bie bobe 43cbentnng .*pan§ SadjienS fur b:c Reformation. 9i!as nns ferner an .spans Sadis anffaflt, ift iciitc nngcmobnfid) grofee Sd)affensfrenbe. Xenn alles, mas 311 feincr Scbcnêit Pon SBcbciitmig Porficl, alios, ma§ ibm in ben alien gricdjifdjeu, latcinijdjctt 1111b beitt'fdjcn S>id)tnitgen, bie er a lie gelefen 311 baben idjeint, Pon S8cbentnng 311 l'ent fd)ien, nerarbcitetc er 311 nenen ©ebid):en. 4iUrflid) critauncn 111116 man iiber bic nngcbeiirc SWcitgc ieincr OJcbid)tc. beren cs im gaii3cn nid)t meniger benn 6GS4 gibt, feine RJeiftcr* geiange nidjt mit eingeredjnet. Tvituf 93anbc ieincr Pen ibm jelbit im âbre 1561 beransgegebenen SBerfc cntfjiclteu fanin ben Picrten ^cil ieincr idmtlidjcn

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ClK Black ana Rea.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF. EDITOR-IN CHIEF

HENRY J. DIEHL. '07 BUSINESS MANAGERS.

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS’T. BUSINESS MANAGER

GEORGE N. LUETKE, ’07 • JOHN SCHAEFER. ’oS DEPARTMENT EDITORS.

ATHLETIC EDITOR ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

EDWIN SAUER, ’07 SIGMUND PROBST og EDGAR GUENTHER 'oS ADALBERT SCHALLER ’07 ERWIN KOWALKE »o8

Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All literary matter should be addressed to the Editor-in-chief and all business communications to the Business manager. The terms of subscription are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies. 10 cents Stain p s not accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued The Black and Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is rei rived and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postofficc of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

EDITORIAL

Valentine’s Day is still one of the best observed of our popular festivals, a fact of which the extraordinary Day extent to which the custom of sending valentines is car ried on hears ample proof. It is so prevalent a custom that it may perhaps he of some interest to know whence it comes. With regard to its origin Bourne says that there is a rural tradition that on St. Valentine’s Day every bird chooses its mate and he concludes that the youthful part of the people perhaps got their idea of choosing their mates on the same day from that. We find an allusion to the old saying that birds begin to couple on St. Valentine's Day in Midsummer Night's Dream, “----- St. Valentine is past: Begin these wood-birds but to couple now ?” On the eve before St. Valentine’s Day the young people were wont to draw lots, called valentines. The names of a select number of one sex were, by an equal number of the other, put into a vessel, after which each one had to draw a name, which was called his valentine. As may be exSt. Valentine’s

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pccted, much merriment ensued, for it was believed and expected that the gentleman and lady whose name lie had drawn would become man and wife afterwards. Another way of celebrating the eve of St. Valentine’s Day can be seen from the following letter: ’‘Last Friday was Valentine’s Day, and the night before l got five bay leaves, and pinned four of them to the four corners of my pillow, and the fifth to the middle: and then, if I dreamt of my sweetheart, Betty said we should be married before the year was out. But, to make it more sure, I boiled an egg hard, and took out the yolk, and filled it with salt: and when T went to bed, I ate it, shell and all, without speaking or drinking after it. We also wrote our lover's names upon bits of paper, and rolled them up in clay, and put them into water, and the first that rose was to he our valentine. Would you think of it?— Mr. Blossom was mv man. I lay abed and shut my eyes all the morning till he came to our house: for T would not have seen another man before him for all the world.” But now with regard to St. Valentine’s Day itself. Pennant, in his Tour of Scotland, tells ns that in February young persons draw valentines and from thence collect the future fortunes in the nuptial state and, as you will perhaps recollect. Goldsmith, in the Vicar of Wakefield, describing the manners of some rustics, tells ns that they sent true love-knots on Valentine morning. In Norfolk, in England, it is the custom for children to “catch” each other for valentines: and if there are elderly persons in the family who are likely to be liberal, great care is taken to catch them. The mode of catching is by saving, “Good morrow, valentine,” and if they can repeat it before they are spoken to, they are rewarded with a small present. It must be done, however, before sun-rise: otherwise, instead of a reward, they are told that they are sun-burn I, and are sent back with disgrace. Gay has left us a poetical description of some rural ceremonies used on the morning of this day: “Last Valentine, the day when birds of kind Their paramours with mutual chirpings find, I early rose, just at the break of day. Before the sun had chased the stars away; Afield I went, amid the morning dew. To milk my kine (for so should house-wives do). Thee first i spied, and the first swain we see, In spite of fortune, shall our true love be.” f •# *

Singing has, within recent years, become rather unpop ular with us. Our choir has ceased to exist. The only time when there seems to be enthusiasm for singing is during the football season, after which all is over. Only a very limited number keep up the practice throughout the school year. Singing seems no longer to be an element of our college spirit.

Why and What Should we Sing

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This is disappointing, inasmuch as it is, and always has been, the cus tom, and a very desirable one, among higher institutions to devote special attention to singing, whence the great number of college songs. As is the case with studying, it is best to begin with singing at our age. Our voices are still in a stage of development and through assiduous practice we can acquire a strong, clear, and melodious voice. Singing is an excellent expe dient for diversion. It causes you to forget for a time your studies .and cares, and makes you happy and cheerful. Moreover, does not the vocation that most of us arc preparing for demand the ability of singing? It is required of the minister. It is required of the teacher. In fact, the art and science of singing is one of the distinguishing accomplishments of an edu cated man. But, as in the case of books, where we are advised not to spend our time on every novel or romance that makes its appearance, so also should we not debase ourselves by singing such songs as are to be heard on the streets or as may be bought with the Sunday editions of our newspapers. They are popular but for a few months, after which they lose all attraction. Why should we be interested in the ephemeral and the so-called “popular” when the products of ages are at our disposal? Why should we not take the trouble of cultivating a good taste and enjoy the songs composed -by the great masters, songs that have stood the test of time and have not lost their charm? If we take the proper interest in these we shall, by singing them again and again, discover new beauties and therefore esteem them more highly. The most beautiful songs have doubtelss been composed by Germans and we, being of German descent, should be proud to regard this as a heri tage to be used and enjoyed. 0

We all know from experience that our body needs exer cise as our stomach needs food. The exercise is got in various ways. A good long walk in the fresh air is preferred by some to the more strenuous work of the gymnasium, and oth ers again take their daily exercise according to the rules of physical cul ture. And if we find a boy or young man not doing this, they are on the average figures with hollow chests, stooping shoulders, and forms similar to a question mark. Exercise we see is never to be neglected. To college boys especially, who have to do much mental work, a good, strenuous exer cise of the muscles is indispensable. They ought to set aside an hour every day, after their recitations are over, for work in the gymnasium, and not hug the radiators and remain in their rooms. A bov who makes regular hard use of the dumb-bells, turning poles and bars will never complain that he feels indifferent to work or feels lazy. On the contrarv. he will feel strong, refreshed and sit down to his assigned lessons iwtli a clear spirit that knows no laziness. No one, we say, should neglect a regular daily Exercise

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exercise. But somebody may ask. What are the best forms of exercise and the best system of gymnastics? No definite answer can he given. Skating is by far better than indoor work, mainly on account of the greater amount of exhilaration and respiration it affords than exercise in the gymnasium. But this exercise of the body will he haphazard and lopsided if not supple mented by some system of gymnastics. Therefore the gymnasium is not to be forgotten. Let the saying of Montaigne be our watchword: “We have not to train up a soul nor yet a body, but a man, and we cannot divide him.” Systematic training brings about the harmonious development of the whole man. Let us always bear in mind the triple purpose of physical training, to improve and confirm our health, to develop the body as well as the mind, and to gain the musclar and manual dexterity as needed in the serious work of our future life. 4 4 4 * ■*

ALUMNI What is Socialism? O. Hagedorn, ’91.

Socialism is one of the leading issues in modern politics. In our coun try it has come somewhat later than in the older European countries, but it is here, and the chances are that we shall soon boast of as strong a socialist movement as any of our European friends. Socialism in its present form is a product of the industrial evolution of the last century. But the socialistic conception of the state is nothing new. Ever since there has been any form of organized society, socialistic and individualistic ideas have contended with and modified each other. The inner history of every nation is a struggle of individualism against socialism. The individualistic conception of the state is based on the principle of inherent individual rights. “Every man has freedom to do all that he wills, providing he infringes not the rights of any other man.” Society is a voluntary association of men for mutual protection, and the state is its organ to that end. The business of the state is only to secure to each citizen unlimited freedom to exercise his faculties. The state is a policeman— nothing more: a necessary evil, instituted for the wicked, a burden to the good. The state being an artificial thing, its rights arc likewise purely arti ficial, while the rights of the individual are natural and inalienable. Tbc socialistic conception of the state is exactly the reverse. The ‘'nat ural state of man,” described by Rousseau, in which man is entirely inde pendent of his fellowmen and enjoys perfect individual freedom, is an absurdity. This “natural" state would in fact be the most unnatural state conceivable. Man is a social being. Without organized society, man's needs

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would far exceed his means, he would forever remain a hungry, naked savage. His “natural rights” would be purely imaginary possessions, for they would be of no practical use to him. The right to marry, to educate his children, to invest capital, to form corporations for fleecing the public, and all other so-called natural rights that the .state is concerned about, would not be worth a thought, for they all presuppose human society. The state is not a heap of sand, every grain of which has an independent exist ence, but a living organism, the individual members of which are indepen dent on the whole, even as the hand is dependent on the body, and the branches are dependent upon the tree. The state is the organic union of us all to subdue nature, to redress natural defects and inequalities. The busi ness, or sphere, of the state is the making of all special activities of the individual members work together for one general end: its own wcflarc, the public good. To that end the state may do anything whatsoever which is shown to be expedient. There can be no such thing as a "natural right” of any individual man, as opposed to the rights of the stale. (See Gronlund, “The Co-operative Commonwealth.”) To illustrate:—There is a certain gentleman by the name of John D. Rockefeller, living somewhere in the United States, He is said to live chiefly on kerosene and its by-products. He is furthermore said to be “worth” about a billion dollars and to enjoy an income of $100 per minute. It is generally believed that he could—well, let us say that he could—if he tried very hard, sell his kerosene a little cheaper and still he a very rich man, a business genius, a public benefactor, and all that. One of the most difficult legislative questions of the day is how to deal with individuals of this kind. While the individualistic state admits the right of the public to demand that the kerosene be sold them at fairly reasonable prices, yet it also holds that Mr. Rockefeller has a natural, inalienable right to live on kerosene, or on any product that he pleases, that Mr. Rockefeller's kerosene is primarily his, and that this individual right of Mr. Rockefeller's must be duly regarded in legislation. The socialistic view is quite different. There is no consideration of natural or vested rights. Mr. Rockefeller's kerosene does not belong to him at all, but to the state. The state has merely granted him the privilege of using it as his own property, but the state may at any time revoke this privilege. The state is “fully entitled to abrogate or alter any particular right of property which it judges to stand in the way of the public good. It may to-morrow, if it judges it expedient, take all the capital of the country from its present owners, without any compensation whatsoever, and convert it into social capital." The public good is the only consideration that should enter into legislation." Practically, therefore, every legislative act that asserts or assumes a natural right of the individual as opposed to that of the community, may be termed Individualism; and every legislative act denying such rights may be termed Socialism. Perfect individualism would be anarchy, which would be impracticable in this world of ours. Perfect socialism would amount to

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communism, which would be hardly less impracticable. There never was, nor ever will be, a purely individualistic, nor a purely socialistic state. But there always have been, and there ever will be, these two contending forces acting upon and modifying each other: individualism, with its assertion of personal rights, and socialism, with its assertion of the rights of the state. Having thus described socialism as a conception of the state or as a theory of what the state may do, we shall now endeavor to picture socialism as a modern, practical movement, or a theory of what the state should do as a matter of expediency. (To be continued.) £j

£f

Personal Notes. —Otto Herbert Falk, upon leaving the institution, entered the business world as assistant to his father, occupying the position of assistant secre tary and treasurer of the Falk, Jung & Borchcrt Malting Company of Milwaukee. I le later became vice-president of the Falk Company, manu facturers of railroad supplies. Mr. Falk is also interested in the McKenna Steel Company of Joliet. Illinois. Military life has always appealed to him. After serving a number of years he was appointed adjutant of the Wisconsin National Guard. —Paul Guenther, whose star playing in an exciting game of baseball be tween Sacred Heart College and Northwestern is still in the minds of those who witnessed the match, is a cabinet and interior wood worker. Address, 419 Twenty-fourth street, Milwaukee. —Eddie Heimerl, another prominent sportsman, who many a time led the varsity baseball team to victory, later did the regular slab duty for the Mcnasha team of the Fox River Valley League. The coming season he will don the uniform as Milwaukee’s representative of the Lake Shore League, an organization which promises to be composed of fast company. —Henry Neumann, who took the academical course and also took more than ordinary interest in ornithology, continued his studies at the Uni versity of Wisconsin a few years later. He is now associated with Fer dinand Krueger in the manufacturing of cigars at Watertown. —William Fleming, who attended the institution in the seventies, became a successful teacher in the public schools. In 1887 he was elected a mem ber of the lower house of the state legislature. During President Cleve land’s administration he acted as collector of customs, being located at Alaska. Since that time the practicing of law has been taking up his time. Address: Oconomowoc. Wisconsin.

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Oxir Contemporaries “How long will it take some of our ex. men to find out that theirs should not be a joke column," says the ex. editor of The Spectator, express ing thereby the sentiments of all truly diligent exchange editors, as distin guished from those who are content io fill the alloted space with borrowed jokes. But, dear Spectator, does it not seem as if we apparent cranks were rolling a pebble up the hillside of obstinance the like of which poor Sisyphus is unable to land on top in all eternity? Here, for instance, comes Normal Pointer, firm in his conviction that the average student prefers a joke to a profound discussion (which is not always as pro found as it might bed upon the merits of various pieces of literature found in our exchanges.” (N. B. In a negative comparison the first adverb should he “so” and not “as.”) If this false induction is based on observations that you have made of your fellow-students, it speaks ill of their taste. We have observed that they look first for remarks made on their own paper and then for the articles in the literary departments. That all criticisms arc not so profound as they might be is true enough, since true critics are born and not made, you know. Yet, if we bear in mind the real object of an ex. column, which has so numerously been set forth, there can remain little doubt that even a shallow criticism is better than a good joke. And what is the use of printing and reprinting them all, when we all have the opportunity of reading the ex changes in which they originally appear? Turning over the pages of The Herald, we find the joke ( ?) about the bicycle lamp’s going out. Did you insert this to honor the memory of the originator? The thing is as old as the proverbial hills and if you were yourself aware of the fact, there is all the more reason why you should have omitted it. as well as several others no less petrified. The Collegian (Clinton. S. C.) is our latest Southern exchange and well upholds the favorable impression which our South Atlantic contemporaries have made on us. With its neatness of appearance as well as arrangement, and the qualities of its articles, it is indeed a paper of which any school might be proud. The New Era treats in a commendable way a few of the problems now confronting us as we step over the threshold of a new cen tury. Never having read Tennyson’s “Princess," we refrain from making any comment on the next article. “Katharine,", a little story of love under adverse conditions, is to be appreciated, insomuch as the parties involved possess noble, mature and yet realistic characters and have a true, enduring affection for one another, as distinguished from the ephemeral kind under lying so many stories. The article on “Organized Labor," giving the his tory, pros and cons of the labor question is carefully written. Then there’s the little poem, “Well Hardly,” in which a young fellow who has been jilted by a girl consoles himself with the fact that there are twenty more clamoring for his favor. Some may not approve of his attitude, but his

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good fortune is enviable nevertheless. The editorials are appropriate and tlic criticisms in the following column concrete and just. The editors of Otterbein /legis (Westerville, Ohio) appear to have made no effort at all to make the December number in any way suggestive of the notable event supposed to have oceurre 1 during that month. On the con trary, the paper is even below the usual standard, the absence of both liter ary and exchange departments being the sole distinctive feature. The Red mid Blue (New York City) puts in its appearance regularly and can always be relied upon to have something interesting hidden under its classically adorned cover. "Old Pal,” “Castle Ivan,” and "The Injustice of Man” are all articles worthy of mention. The exchange column is long and replete with sensible criticisms, but perhaps the owl inducts an occa sional inspiration. "War and Achievement of Japanese Women,” in The Central Collegian (Fayette. Mo.), is a glowing tribute to the women of Japan, who through their untiring efforts did so much to relieve the suffering which the war inevitably brought on. Their willingness to surrender themselves to the good of their country is. according to the author, to be accounted for from the fact that "their social unit is the family and not, as in America, the individual.” "John Royal: Apprentice” is a pathetic little story, the scenes of which are taken from peasant-life in England as it was two hundred years ago. Rustic though the characters he, the author has succeeded in imbuing the story with a peculiar charm which sustains our interest through out. 'I'iie editorials are carefully chosen and should be of even more than local interest. "Writing for the Press,” in The Miami Student (Oxford, Ohio), should he of special interest to anyone wishing to publish the products of his pen. “Education as Conducive to Good Citizenship*’ is too carefully worked out to admit of anything but favorable comment. We fail to see the connection, however, between that aristocratic scarecrow with the empty purse and the clippings which follow. Though it may be somewhat late for so doing, we feel obliged to men tion the December Spectator (Columbus, Ohio), the ideal Christmas num ber. The unique cover design suggested Christmas articles, stories, and poems, and we were ont disappointed. Other articles are “Accuracy,” “Labor Unions” and “Christian Science,” the first of which, referring pri marily to the necessity of accuracy in college work, may also in our circle he read to the best possible advantage. The second is a forceful essay denouncing the brutal and unlawful tactics as now employed bv the unions to attain their ends. No less forceful is the last article, in which its author demonstrates that Christian Science is little more than a money-making scheme based on the principle that the American people like to be hum bugged. Have advertisements a tendency to migrate? We note that even in The Spectator they have begun to make encroachments on forbidden territory. College Echoes (Tientsin. China), though published at a place thousands of miles distant, is more prompt in putting in its appearance than many of

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our inland exchanges, the January issue being already on our table. The Echoes pays little if any attention to fiction, preferring in its stead interÂ esting and instructive descriptions of noted structures, cities, or voyages. It is with pleasure that we assign to the long lost Ouachita Ripples (Arkadelphia Ark.) its accustomed place on our shelf. Owing to its late arrival, however, we are obliged to defer further remarks until next time. * * *

DE REBUS OMNIBUS Our Orchestra

It seems as though the orchestra will not come up to its usual standard this year. It was not reorganized until after Christmas and that is quite late for an orchestra to begin its practice, for there arc always some new members who must become accustomed to play with a number of others. Then, too, the orchestra is usually expected to play in public soon after Christmas, and six weeks are a short time in which to practice for a public entertainment. Yet we had now begun to practice very energetically under the direction of Prof. A. Kuhn, when Mr. Sauer, who plays the bass violin in the orchestra, left us. As he might have to be absent for quite a while and since there is nobody to take his place, we may be forced to dissolve the orchestra. But there is still some hope left, possibly we can get someone to play the piano as a substitute for the bass-viol. We'll not give up without having tried all possible means to get out of the difficulty. The following are the officers of the orchestra: E. H. Sauer, president: A. Schaller, vice-president; W. Limpert, secretary and treasurer, and K. Kluender, librarian. 41 41 f 4 4t

The Lyceum Debating Society

With election of officers in the first meeting in February the Lyceum entered upon its second year. Since our organization we have lost two members by graduation and have accepted seventeen new ones, which brings the total membership up to forty. If we look back at our record for the past year we may feel satisfied with it, considering that most of us had little or no experience in this line of work. But all members must continue to do their best, and especially the older and more experienced ones, if we may hope for another successful year. Following are the officers for the next half-year: President, William Eggert; vice-president, Alexander Sitz ; secretary and treasurer, Henry Schneider. The Phiiomathiarv Deb-\ ing Society

In the meeting of this society held on Saturday evening, Feb. 9, the

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election of officers for the second semester took place, with the result that all the officers were re-elected: Henry J. Diehl, president; Henry Geiger, vice-president; George N. Luetkc, secretary and treasurer. After quite an interesting program had been rendered, the visitors were excused and rou tine business was transacted. v» 0

LOCALS | 0

—Rev. O. II. Koch, from Columbus, visited his sons, Otto, ’09* and Her bert, Prep., Jan. 30. —Rev. J. F. L. Bittner of Mayville visited his sons, Cornelius and Julius, Prep., Jan. 25. —Rev. Chr. Sauer <>f Juneau visited the institution Jan. 30. —Mr. Ray (I. Dnane of Chicago visited C. Bacrwald, ’io, Saturday, Feb. 2. —Edwin Sauer, ’07, went to Winona Sunday, Feb. 10, where he will in struct in the parochial school, taking the place of his brother, who was obliged to discontinue the work on account of illness. The time of his stay at Winona is as yet indefinite. We all hope that he will soon be with us again. —Rev. A. Keibel of Kirchhcim visited his son Walther, Prep., Jan. 11. —E. Zell. 08, has discontinued his studies for a shrot time on account of illness. —Mr. Chr. Sauer. Jr., visited his brother Edwin, '07, and old friends Jan. 28. —Rev. G. Stern of Beaver Dam visited his son, '07, Jan. 30. —Miss Henrietta Jedele of Ann Arbor, Mich., visited FI. Diehl, ’07, Jan. 25. —T. Gieschen, 'to, visited his uncle. Rev. Ff. Gieschen, at Lake Mills Jan. 20. —FT. Geiger, ’07, was in Milwaukee from Jan. 16 to Jan. 21, because his father was quite ill. —W. Pankow, Prep., had to discontinue his studies on account of illness Jan. 19. —Mr. W. I*'. Albrecht visited his son Walter, Prep.. Wednesday, Feb. 2. —Many of our readers and the friends of our institution have undoubtedly heard that we have had a case of variola, or small-pox, here at college. A, Flanke, Prep., who had contracted the disease, is thought to have brought it along from home, where several families were suffering from, it during Christmas vacation. As soon as the local health commissioner had ascertained what was ailing the boy, he put the institution under a mild quarantine and demanded that everyone who attended recitations should be vaccinated. We called it a mild quarantine, because he per mitted the recitations to be continued under the condition that we prom ised not to go down town at all, which promise was given and quite hon orably held. We were under this quarantine from Jan. 24 to Feb. 6, a long time for a healthy, well-fed, locked-up crowd of boys to remain

264 -

BLACK AND RED

quiet in; yet our inspector has told us that he was quite well satisfied with the behavior of the boys. The demand of the health authorities to become vaccinated caused the most opposition at first, but after we had been assured that we were doing it mostly out of consideration for a somewhat unintelligent public, very much afraid of its life, and because the government wished it, we underwent the operation quite willingly. We certainly have reasons to be very thankful, seeing that the disease has not spread, that our fellow-student is fast recovering, and last but not least, that no arm, let alone a man, was lost through vacicnation.

AUS DEM SEMINARLEBEN

— §err ipeiitrid) ©eiger non unjcriti College in •Satertonm beiudjte uu$ in ber britten SSodjc im âituar. — $crr Sflejanber -3iU)Ifc, ber jeitbcm in 9)?ai)niflc, cine ^nitcHuun al§ StcnogranOdt erOoItcn l)at, ocnocilte incfjrcrc Sage aniang* Mannar miter greunben im Seminar. — £>err Cfjriftian .Saner non- 'SBinona, 9)?inn., bcfud)te feiueu Gruber .Ibolf unb feine greunbe im Seminar am 2-1. unb 25. ânuar. Scit Septem ber 1906 uutcrrdjtct cr in ber 3iwklid]ule ber en. Inti). Wemeinbe in Ut'inona. $cbod) gebenft er ndd)[tcn $crbft mieber jnm Seminar auritcfjufe'bren. mn feine Stubicn 311 PoUenbcn. — 51m 29. unb 30. Mannar murben feine ^crleiunqen gebalten, ba bie #crrcn ^rofcfforcu 3iir SBoarbfiûnfl giuqen. — .^crr ©raalb SRotyfuS, ber nor cinigen viatjren miser College in 5Satcrtown bejudjte, in rad) am 1. gebruar bci jeinem Gruber griebrid) nor. ûrêit iff er non ber StraBcnbaOngciellfdjait in iOiihuautee al8 .Q'onbuftor anqcitellt. — 9tadjbem bie 33orIcfungcn iiber bie (h;cgeie bcS GpbcferbriefcS Cm be Mannar beenbet morben maren, begaitn fterr ih-of. Nobler mit ben 'Tor* lejnngen iiber &‘ird)engcid)id)te, unb 3tnar iiber bie ncnc ©eid)id)te. — Tie britte ftlaffo Oat bie Gn^ffopabie beenbet unb Oat nun mit ber Sumbol F angefangen. — 9fud) lnerbcn in biefcm Semester non $crrn ^rof. 5- Nobler ôrlefuuflcn iiber bie Siturgif gebalten. — .*pcrr 'TernOarb £>Ugcnborf Pen Juneau, S5HS., ftattete greunben baOicr am 6. gebruar eluen 33eiudj ab.

THE BLACK AND RED

265

CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —Quarantine! —Vaccination! ’—No vaccination without vacation! —Developed arms! —Ouch! my arm! —D--chv: “Du hist mein, Nich’? Du?” —K - - bel: “M\ clothes always stick to the sore on my arm; may I put a bandage over it?” Doctor: “You might use a very clean handkerchief.” K - - bel: “I did. but it always stuck to that, too.” —Fatty Felix is thinking of giving up his ambition to become a doctor. He said he would prefer to be a chorus singer or a dancing master. —"How do you like it, Ed?” —The popular song for two weeks: “I’d like to go down town once more.” —Did you notice how sad Scoi was the day Zcllv went home? —Buckeye (to his brother as he heard the salute of guns at sunset in San Francisco): "Bill, what is that noise?” Bill: "That is sunset.” Buckeye: "Does the sun go down with such a clap in this conutry?” —Prof.: "Name a plant that grows in South America.” Little Hammer: “The jaguar.” —D — hi: "Tuff says that when lie graduates lie is going to ask for an E. B. instead of a B, A.” —Pete: “I never hear the six o’clock bell ring.” Scliuft: "1 never saw anything that could make a belle out of ‘Six o’Clock’ either.” —Heard in Latin recitation: Pulchrior sidere; zu schon sitzen zu bleiben. —Our sober and thoughtful Grim has at last reached that stage where they become happy and absent-minded. He must have struck a gold mine during the Xmas vacation. Don’t begin to write poems. Grim. —Pete: “I’ve got the hav fever.” G--nther: "Are you rushing a grass widow?” —/ - - 1 to S----: “If you go skating with those things on you had better put on a striped suit right away, so that they don’t ‘run you in’ for nothing. —Zisk: “Dry up over there, Jordan, or I’ll throw something at you.” Jordan: "Did you ever hear of the Jordan drying up?” —Mice: “When there's a fire in I\----- they ring with the whistles.” —Horn: “His leg will never break in the same place again.” Oscar II.: "No, Fatty drove a couple nails into it.” —Prof.: “Was heisst lernen auf Latein?” —P- - p: “Lerno. lernavi, lernatum, lernare.” —Nearly everybody for two weeks: “I’m sick today.”

Any Man Can Walk Farther think better, work harder, and rest more effective ly when his feet are comfortable.

Now we can fit your feet a thousand times

,j better than any custom shoemaker could ten

> A ft

&y 1

years ago—and you’ll save from two to four dollars. Keith’s Conqueror shoes, made on scientific ally constructed lasts, have made that possible.

WM. GORDER CO. Best $1.00 Pen made Holder of good para rubber, nicely finished, noint of guar anteed 14k gold, tipped with iridium. The top slightly larger than the balance of the holder, thus enabling one to distinguish by tnhch or by glance the “right side up” of the pen. l rices postpaid §1.00.

ThePettiboneBros MfgCo. Cincinnati. O.

The Pettibone Bros, Mfg. Co., Cincinnati. 0. Gontlemen:—

Your si.00 Fountain Pen is a gem—a marvel of cheapness and one nf the best I have over written with. I have tried it freely for the last month, and have laid aside a $3.50 pen in consequence, preferring to use yours. Yours respecrfullv. Rkv. R. F*. Lee M, E.Church, Meadfield 0.

606-608 Main St.

YOU ALL KNOW THE PLACE

HERRO’S WE KEEP THE

BEST

FRUIT IN TOWN. -----TRY -------

Wiggenhorn Bros. BADGER STATE or LATEST OUT CIGAR.

266

THE BLACK AND RED

—The boys from Minnesota signed a petition that the reading-room com mittee subscribe for a St. Paul daily paper. T - - gh comes from Michi gan, but bis name heads the list. He says he is a little bit interested in St. Paul news. —Prof.: „\Vie nennt man das Pferd, das die Dichter besteigen, wenn sie dicblen wollen ?” 1 -extaner: ., 11 ippopotamus.” —Prof.: “VVbat was the second book printed in the English language?’’ Sc--: “The game and play of cheese” (chess).

TIPS OIN CLOTHES The attractiveness of our Spoil" Wearables has already induced many men to come to us for their clothes. The fabrics are new and every correct idea in cut and tailoring is honored. To sum it all up will say our New Spring Garments are Masterpieces of the Tailoring Art We want t<> convince you of the fairness of our prices. This is something that cannot he done unless you see the garment at the price. Every store quotes prices hut it’s wliai we give you at the price that makes our arguments. Wo ad vertise always The best your money can buy.” Come in and make us prove it. New Daylight Clothing Store 107 109 Main Street

Hertel & Hoffmann

STUDENTS

y in

QUIN SPORTING GOODS CO. Milwaukee. Wis.

PATRONIZEOUR

...MAKERS OF..:

FINE ATHLETIC AND SPORTING GOODS ADVERTISERS.

Special Discounts to Schools and Colleges. Write for Catalog.

: -

For the best Photos

CIGARS OF MERIT “Sea Rose” “Hiddle West” “Little Duke” Order early as the supply is limited.

IRumann $ Krueger 119 N. 2nd St.

Watertown

GO TO

Jit Origin’s ground floor Gallery. REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten.

FIRST CLASS

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms 118 North Second St.

U). D. Sproesser go. * * Icwelm % « f

PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 84-1.

■

213 Main Street.

WATERTOWN WIS.

STALLMANN BROS. GROCERS

Geo. ZoelIe9 Prop.

AUG. WIGGENUORN JEWELER 13 Main Street.

. . . . Buchheit Block;.

H. C. REICHERT

of all kinds in Season. Good tilings to eat. JOHN E. HEISMANN

Violin. Piano and Harmony Studio 109 Main St. Third Floor. Above Hertel & Hoffmann’s Clothing Store

TEACHER. OF

FRUITS

116 Main Street. ’Phone62.

IF YOU WISH anything that a good drug store sells, you can take for granted that we have it. The price will be right, too.

THE SCHEMPF DRUG COMPANY Drugs, Stationery, News and Periodicals

F. W. KURZWEG DKAI.KK IN

Fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers Please Give Us a Trial. We Try to Give Satisfaction.

402 Main Street. The Largest Assortment of

Kodacks and

Watertown, H is.

FIRE INSURANCE FRED GAMM WATERTOWN,

Crockery and Glassware Co. —Dealers in— Ci ockcr\' Glassware Lamps Bar Goods Stone Ware Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

Jos. Salick & Son 3ewe!m and Opticians Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eyes Tested Free.

Baseball and Sporting Goods i and 3 Main Street.

Watertown. Wis.

Radtke & Son MANUFACTURE OF

Photographic Supplies at KNICK BROS.

ii5 Third St.

The August Gamm

WISCONSIN.

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. 117 West Main St. Phone 532

OTTO HEYN BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL. School Supplies a Specialty. . 409 Main Street.

New Furniture assumes a special prominence*. If vou are not satisfied with your furniture call on Nowack & Kohls, 6io Main street where you will see the most complete line in the city and the prices will surely please, as they will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches, Rockers and Centre Tables, Dining Room tables. Sideboards, Bed Room Sets and Iron Bedsteads in profusion in all tlu prevailing styles.

Undertakers, Embalmers, and Funeral Directors

THE

cgSSSp^

C.G. CONN CO. WONDER BAND ORCHESTRA AND SOLO INSTRUMENTS

Swot *OR INTIRNAT.ONAU

Are Unrivalled for TONE, TUNE ACTION, MODELS, MECHANISM, and have the Endorsement of the Great Bandmasters and Musical Artists of the world. The only Perfect Instruments made for either Professional or Amateur Players. They meet the most exacting requirements. For Illustrated Catalogue giving description of instru ments, with prices and terms of payment, Address

C. G. CONN COMPANY, Elkhart, Ind. j JSE THE STAR SAFETY RAZOR

/■

■Ifl

The Largest Assoktmkntf

Pocket Knives, Razors, Razor Straps, Shaving Brushes, Sporting Goods

■->}

To Be Had in the City. Call and See Us.

D.&F.KUSEL GO. DR. B. J. HOERMANN DEINTIST Office Hours: 8.30 to 12 A. M.—1 to 6 P. M. Evenings and Sundays by Appointment.

106 First Street. Next to City Hall

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Photos ...GO TO...

matcrtown Photo €o.,

WM. BOCBHE1T,

M. J. WOODARD,

President.

Vice-President.

F E. WOODARD,

E.J. BRANDT,

2 Vice-President.

Cashier.

!j[IN[ OF WATERTOWf) INCORPORATED MAY 1. 1854

DONNER GALLERY

/WM#

Special Rates made to Students.

DIEGES & GLUST • * I f wo made it, it’s right'1

WHY PAY $5.00

Official Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations.

CLASS PINS, WATCHES, FRATERNITY PINS, DIAMONDS, MEDALS. CUPS, Etc.. JEWELRY,

FOR A SAFTY RAZOR

25 JOHN'S ST.

NEW YORK

WHEN YOU CAN BUY

Bros'.

THE “EVER READY”

Schlueter

MERCHANT

WITH 7 BLADES

lO CENT CIGAR AND

ARC

LEAD

50 CIGAR

THEM

ALL.

105 Main St. Watertown, Wis.

FOR 31 AT

Him. 0. Pritzlaff $ go.

. ;:

307 Main Street.

15 i\

Dr. A. J. Schlueter DENTIST

DR. T. F. SHINNICK :

Office Hours. 9 to 11 a. m. 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p. m.

Office 115 MAIN Phone 89-x 313 Main Street Over Gructzmacher’s Store.

Watertown, Wls.

Residence, 208 N. 5th St. Phone 273-x.

W. D. SPROESSER & CO. JEWELERS PIANOS AND ORGANS Telephone No. 249-y

213 Main Street WATERTOWN, WSCONSIN

A.CEBELL&SON Pbotte your Drug "Wants"

PROPRIETORS OF

Livery and Sale Stable Special attention given to Wed dings and Funerals. Prompt service is our motto. 116-118 N. First St. Telephone 41-y WATERTOWN, W1S.

IJJiSaE.

AND

FREE

REFUNDED

PHILADA.PA-

tO DO- 106 « «

Store

Cole Block

Main Street

The New Up-to-Date Shoe Store invites the patronage of the College Boys as well as the City trade. We will fit you right and treat you the same. H. J. STUBE, Prop 309 Main St. Between 3d and 4th Sts.

The NEW SPRING STYLES in YOUNG MEN’S SUITS “MORA” HATS, “GIFFON BRAND” SHIRTS will soon be here. “Bhe Society Swell ami the dainty Summer (Jirl alike have their linen lanmlried at this es tablishment. We laundry delicate shirt, waists,dresses, cellars,cuffs and shirts, with conscientious care and without tear or fra vs, and never fail to give general satisfaction to our patrons in color, polish and the right stiffness, or prompt delivery. Do mestic finish if desired.

Watertown Steam Laundry First St.

Phone Sl-y

J^EDEGKE § Gipjj DEALERS IN

Fruits, Staple and Fancy Groceries.

You must see them before you buy anythirg NEW for Spring.

SCHEMPF BROS. CO., The Big Ca.sh Store

SEAGER’S

Harbor $5>op and Ilatb Rooms 108 MAIN STREET

00 J. C. SEAGER. Pro?

PROPRIETOR OF THE

new east end Barbershop Gorder Block. 604 Main Street

All "nods delivered promptly to all parts of the city free of charge.

: I;

Ben Rieck

WATERTOWN,

WISCONSIN

•tI

For Style, Fit and! Economy Wear

Leo Rueseh’s Sheas 210 MK8N STREET.

mm CORKER BROS STORE At Main and First Sts.

Pur? Krugs and medicines Domestic and Havana Cigars Prescriptions a Specialty Your patronage respectsulty so licited.

<Os

■

WATER!

: . ■

Watertown’s Up=

■

' ■

.•

to=date

Morning

Paper.

£ £ £

You will have the opportunity to buy a Suit of Clothes, Over coat, Trousers, Shirts. Fancy Vests, Underwear, Hosiery, Bath Robes, Smoking Coats and Handerchiefs at greatly re duced prices, up to l eb. 15, ‘07.

WEGEMANN-FABER -KAERCHER CO217 Main

’Phone 823 Watertown

106 3d St.

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Che Black and Red. Volume X.

Watertown, Wisconsin, March, 1907. 0

LITERARY

Number 10

R n it f it * © c r fi « r b t. © e o r g 2 it t f c, ’07. 311? Tr. art in 8utficr Dei ber iftaefiriefit non bent 3cugentobe be? $einrid) Roc? unb ôfiamn (Sid) 311 Rriiffol Den 30. ^niti 1523 in-Die Saiteji griff ltnb ba? 8ieb 'fang: „(Sin netted 8ieb mir Deficit an, bn? malt’ ©ott itirfer $errn!" fridofj or c? mil Den idmneti 3Sort.cn: Ter Scunner ift Dart nor Dor Xiir, Ter 3S in ter ift nergaugen. Tic marten Rlitmletn flcfiu Dcrfiir; Ter bn? fiat amgefangen, Ter inirb c? and) oottenben. •vienuit hatto er ber coangelffdjcn .Qrircfic fiir ado Seiten ci 11011 ficrrlicfiett 8:eberrriifiliug gciiviffagt, ber nddiftcn? bitrd) bo? Sanb 3toben merbe. Ticfe SSciffagititg ift in (Srfiiflitng gegongen. Tcmi 311 bent Gbelftcir imp ©djonftenv ba? bent gottgoiegneteii Rcbcn ber Reformation entfproffen ift, gefiort ber geift* lidie 8ieberfegen, in it bent bic bentfdje eOangctifdjc .ft'.rcfie rcid) gefegnet tnurbe. 311? Rani ©erbarbi geDorcn. mnrbc, crflangcn fdjon longer al? einent fiaffteit ôfirfiunbert bie gemattigen #od)gefnnge ber „3Sittenbe_rgifd)cn Radjtigad". 3?id)t allcin Initrben 8ieber non bent ©borfiifirer Sutfier gcfnngcn. fonbern and) 8icber non Spcratu?, „(S? ift ba? ®cil mi? fotnnicn ficr," Raul G6er? „3Sentt mir in fioefifteu Roten finb," nub mit Rifolatt? Tccin? fang matt, „2ff(ein ©ott in ber ftbb fei ©fir." itinb „D Saturn ©ottc? imfdjutbig." 31it? bent breifjigjdbrigett .Qricgc, biefer 3cit ber ©Iaiibcn?nof, bie after gc* rabc bic ©ciftc?fraft ant inad)tigften* erregt ttmb bie fcfionften Tidjterfilittcn gc= trieften fiat. Deficit fid) leucfitenb Derail? bie Rilbcr edjter 9icbcrbid)tcr, mie ba? cine? Rani ©erbarbt?. 3Md) cin crgrcifeitbe? T:d)terlefien ift in Ran! ©erfiarbt gegeDcn! 3SeId)cr bcittfdKPangelrfdie ©Drift faint bicfe-3 RFaitne? Rumen boron, efinc bag c? iDitt mie Hotter Crgelton nnb ©loefenffang in ba? Ofir tout? Raitln? ©erbarbt mnrbc ant 12. Sttarj 1607 in ber furfadfifitefien Stabt ©rafeitDainidictt geDorcn, mo feitt Rater 93urgernteifter mar. Seine ûgertpeit ift leiber in TttnFel gebiiflt, intb mir biirfcit annebmen, bug er cine fromme (Srsicbnng crDaltcn DaDe non ber Rhitter, bic Todjter eittc? ftofprebiger? in Trc?bcn mar; bettn ’ben Rater ncrlor er fdjoir feDr friifi. Burn ;s angling fierangcrcift, fait er bic Jvlammcit be? ocrbccrcnbftcn alter .(Tricgc lifter feitt Rater-

276

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limb 3iifammenid)lagen, fal) Sdjrcdcn nub Srangfalc, bic c§ uberflutcten, limb mugie mit aufebcu, mic e? fid) in cine trauri-ge Dcbe mvb &riimmerftdtte ncrmambcltc. 3>ie§ gab febon feiner frommem .Scele frill) cincu 3»fl nnd) oben. 21-jaCjriflcr Sungling bc3iel)t cr bic Uuiucrfitat BSitteuberg. 3>ann (joren roir nid)i§ non ibm bi? 311m Sabre 1643. Sm biefetn Sabre tritt cr in bic ga* ntilic be? ®ammergerid)t§*9lbnoFatcui Slnbrea? Bartbolb 311 Berlin cin, um al? Jpausdcbrer beffen Sinbcr 311 nntcrr.d)tcn. S'n biejer ftjllcn, goitgcbeiligtcn *ya* milic fonntc fid) fein tiefe? ©emiit?lebcn auf ba§ *fd)on|tc cntfalten, iiu§ c§ cut* quo lien feiuem inmigfrommen $cr3cn foftlidjc Sicbcr. Sciu SWorgculiob, „B$ad) auf mein <<per3 limb tinge", un'b ba§ ‘Bfiugftlic'b, „3cudi cin- 311 mciuen Soreu", fkmunen an? blcfcr 3cit. Unb nlS uoflcitb? im Sabre 1648 ber mcftpbdlifdjc S-riebe non SlRitnflcr an?ging, lieg cr ba§ Smbeflieb „©ott(ob num ift crfdjollen, ba§ cblc gricb* umb grenbeuSmort" ausgeben. Bar 9?ot half cr in ber 9?ifolaifirdjc in Berlin prebigen unb ergriff foldjc ©elegenbeit ftet? mil <yvcubeu. *Sni Sabre 1651 erbdlt cr fcinc crftc ©cmeimbe, nadjbem cr bcrcit? in’? 44. Qeben?:abr cimgetretcn mar. Cr murbe al? Brobft nad) Bfittcumalbc, ciuem Stdbtdjen nicr Bteilen non Berlin, berufeu, unb crtjiclt am 18. 9?ot»cmbcr be? Sabre? 1651 in ber SRifolaifirdjc bic amtlidic 3Beil)C. Cr ncrpfliditelc fid) auf fdmtlidjc 53efcim,!n’s*fd)riftcu ber lutberifdjeu ftirdje mit Cinjdjlug ber SToncor* bicnfcrtncl. cine Berpflidjtung, bic febr ncrl)dngmi?oofl fill* ibu fpdtcr murbe. Sm Slnfang be? Sabre? 1652 trat cr fein 'Xutt an; aber c? fob lie ibm bic ©be* bdlftc. Sm fiinften Sabre nad) bem ^tntritt feme? 3lmte?, fiibrte cr bic Sodjtcr fcinc? irencu Berliner greunbe? Bartbolb, 9luna B?aria, al? ©attiu beim, um feme ©emeinbe and) -burd) ba? Borbil'b ciucr djriftlldjcn ©be 311 erbaueu. Sm Sabre 1657 murbe ibm 00m 'Berliner Btagiftrat cine location in ciu erlebigtc? Siafonat an ber îfolailirdjc iibertrageu, ber er and) folgte. obuc 311 abnen, meldjcr BrufungSgelt cr entgegen gebe. Seine erften Sabre in Berlin ergingen unter frcnmblidjem Souncnfdjein, unb cin blutenrcidjer ©eiftc?friiblina id)icn bcni Fird)lid)eu Seben Berlin? 311 naben. $a auf cirnual legte fid) auf bic fo nerbeifjttngereid) fdimcncnbeu &no?pcn ber fOMjltau einer traurigeu Ber* folgung. Sm Sabre 1613 mar ber Shirfitrft reformirt gemorbeu. Seiu Saab aber mollte lutberifd) blci'ben. Sll? nun ^Turfiirft ftriebrid) SKMlbcfm 3iir Bcgic* rung fam, fiubte man -bic reformirte birdie auf .Soften ber lutberifdjeu au?3it* bebueu unb allmablid) cine Bereiuigiuig augubabnen. .îergegen mebrteu fid) bie SMberaner un'b mollten bei ibrem Bcfcnntui?, in'fonberbeit and) bci ber $ou* forbienformel bleiben. T)a nerbot -ber ^lirfurft. bag man bic ©egenpartoi auf ben .^*an3clu fd)mdben aber an? ibrer Qcbre Sonfcqucngcn 3ieben follte. Cr felbft aber fdjmable ba§ Befenntni§ ber Sutberaner. ©erbarbt crflarte. baf3 cr niemal? bic ©egner gefd)mabt babe, foId)c§ and) ferucr uid)t tun merbe, aber bei ber .ftonforbienformel mode er bleibcu unb bie 9Zenuung -ber Seamen ber fal* fdien Sebrcr laffe cr fid) uid)-t oerbictcn. Xarauf murbe cr abgcfetjt. ?fud) al? ber ûrfurft ibm fpdtcr mieber eiufctjen mollte, ba cr mobl bcu Benco?, ben er batte unteridjreibeu follen, nid)t orbentlidj nerftaivbcu bdtte unb -ber Surfiirft fid) 311 ibm nerfabe, bag cr and) obne Untcrfdjrift feiuen Bcfcl)l befolgcu merbe, fonntc cr unter foldjeu Bebingungcn fein 9lmt uid)t mieber aunebmen. Cr batte

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fc'.ncu OHouficii Dcrlcufliiet. So fafs cr mitt ba mit 3Mb nub Slinb obne 2tmt nub 23rot. 3lber bio yiebeSgabciti ber ©eiuciube uitb fciuer ^rcuivbe ticfeeu ifju nid)t barbeu. M 111*3 oor Oftcrn, 0111 0. iWai*3 1GG8, ftarb i(jm fcine treue ®crt» tiu, bor or auf iljre 23ittc ic.ucu ©cfaiH] 011 bio .âicbe -bcs? §crm §efu Dorlcfcn mufjtc uor iljroiu Stcrbeu, ma* or aucl) tat mit gebrodjcuer Stintmc umb trdnen* b’Oii 3lugeu. 25io fiiOItc or fid) ,cbt jo Dcremfamt itub ncrmaijt! 2Bo!bin uuu? Oicrljarbt (job bio 'Jlugeii ft. U auf 311 bo it 23crgcu, non baton .Oiitfc to mutt. (Sr lobmo |id) .it flitter GTacbnufl uitb iu idjoiter djriftlidjer ©cbulb, tuie hunter, fo aud) uuu, auf bon .’oorru uitb alto 'bon 3lrmeit feiueS Scctcirfreuit'be* 311, -bcit er iu mandjem cbloit 2 obo jdjat bcfuugcn butte. bio .§arfc greifcnb, fang cr fid) iDcut 311 mit bou jdjbnat Sorteu: „25eg baft bn after TBegeit, 2111 '.Uc'ittolu febtt bir’* uid)t, Toiii Inn ift tauter Scgcit, Toiu Wang ift tauter Sidjt. Toiu 25erf faint incmaitb bittberit, Toiu 3(rboit barf itid)t rubu, 2Mut bit, ma* bciiteit STiiiberit tyrfpriofdid) ift, roittft tun." Tor .$err ionite iiir ibu. G* lmirbc rtjtn ba* crlebigtc 2trd)ibiafonat in bor Stabt iiiibbon in bor âufip 3» toil. Sicbon nolle âbre arbeitete cr f)icr iut goifttid)on 9xôiir(n,rgo. Tor ititit fd)on 70]abriflc iVcaim, nad) cincr borncii* rcidjon îlflcrreijo. iVbiiie fid) nad) bor 9fubo „im .Sdjofjc be* 9J?itttcr*". 9(1* cr foiii Cube italic fiibtto. gab or foinom 14jaftrigcit Sotjnc cine 9teibc fo[ttid)cr Mien*regctn mi: auf bou êben*mcg. 9?un tan cr bercit, iu b:c Giuigfcit tjiuiibcr3uid)lummorii, iut:b ini Gk’fiibtc foinor Tobo^fdpiuidjo brad) cr, ludbrettb feiit 3liigefid}t toudjtoto mio ba* cine* CSitgot§, in bie SSortc 'feinc* cigciten Sicbc* ait*:

Maim tut* bed) feiit Tob it:d)t tbtcn. Sonbcrtt reifjt It 11 for 11 ©cift •9(u* Did taufomb 9?oten, Sdjlcuijt ba* Tor -bor bittern Seibcn Hub mad)t 33abn, Ta man fa nit ©cb’n 311 $immcl§frcu’bcu. 23aIb barauf ucigto cr foiii- ntiibe* ftaupt, tiit'b ba* treue Tid)tcrauge fdjtou fid) auf iiuntcr. (Sr ftarb im 9tttcr nett 69 âbreu ant 7. ûtti 1676. ^ (Sr bat fid) fofbft -ba* gtdn3cnbfte Tcnfntal in fehten Siebern gefebt. Sie alto tragcit bon Stcmpcl cine* ftarfat ©ettoertrauen*, ciiter ftiffeu ©ebutb, cincr feften .‘poffmiitg. 3tttc fcine Sieber etttftromcn ber Hiicrfdjopitidjeu Chtcftc Icbcubigcr ^cillcrfabruitg, ttitib an* biefent ©runbe bat er'bie êqen after Gbriften gotroffcit, mic itur ciit Slither Por ibnt. Sntgemeinguttigfeit ift eiit roefenttid)c§ sTicrfmat after feiuer Sicber. 25a* cr fiitgt, -ba* ift cr, rna* cr befiitgt, id) fcine Grfa!brnng. 23out Sdjlummor ertnadjt, bcgriifjt cr ,/bie giifbtte Sonne

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Doll grcub mtb 333oitne". 3id) jclbft nub nllc jorbcct it auf in feiucni uuoei> citcid)lid)cu, „©el) ait? mein .§er3 nub fudjc Jyrcirb," 311m 3pa3iergaug in Wattes ucucnuadjtc 3fatuv. ^eldjcni 1 inter nits m.rb c? nidjt abucivtlid) 311 fUiutc, menu tin? fein „333ic foil id) bid) empjangcu" eutgcgcutont? 333o mirb 333ei()uad)teu aefeiert, mo man nidjt fciu „333ir fin-Qcn bir Emmanuel" ober „vVf) ftc-Cj an bei= ncr Grippe tiicr" fiugt? flfeuj-atjr geljt nidjt noruber, mo nidjt fein „3?uu lapt tin? gefjn nub treteu" bed erfl ngt. 3uib e* nidjt 4>aul Werlyarbtv STtebcr, „(£iu ydmmtein getit nub trdgt bie Sdjulb," nub fein 411 pi) a alter Tajik nslieber, „.C \?aupt Poll 43tut nub 333 unbeit", b.c ber $aijiou?£eit gbttlidie 4l’ei()e ncrleitjeu? Seine DjtevLeber, Tfugftlicbev, mie bejdguurgeu fie bie frciume .Seele! 333cn tjat nidjt fein munberjames 4lbenbtieb „3iuu ruljcu allc 333a(bcr" in fiific iliulje gcmlegtV Saujcnbe tjabenbie Sicbcr „^ft Watt fiir mid), io trete," „43ejieljJ bn bc.ne •vBege," „333<mun foltt id) mid) beuu grdmen," Sfraft, Trail nub flitlc (Srgcfmng ins $cr3 gejungen. xNsii jegeubriugeuber SNcife babcu fid) bie 333orte be? .'pcitaubes- an <f&m(u? 03er(jarbt crfiiUt, bie ba tauten: „333er an mid) glaitlu. non be? 2e;fce merbeu Strbme be? lebenbigeu Suffer? jlicpcu." Wcung, or ift mifcr. Hub jo me t bie beutjdjc ;3nngc fliugt nub Watt im .fcimmcl Richer jiugt, ift ibm in ber rocmgclifdjcn (Slirifleubeit eiu bn it fbare? 3lu’bcufeu gejicliert. 4? ad) Suttjcr ijt er mifcr profiler ^icbcrbid;ter. 9i)(cgcu feiue ^ eber beuu iunuer, mie fie e? fdjou tanieubmal get an fjabeu. ben Sorgcuben bie Gotten non ber 3tiru, ben ^meijelnbeu bie ebet non ben 3lugcu megjiugen, nub 31lie? fid) 3itr fouuig-fjeiteru .voire binauiicljmiuqen, mo mir ben 3ti’muen, Scrgen, 333cttern nub ^meifeln be? Scbeu? eutliobeu, in t iriumphierenber 3icge?gemifetieit jubetn fjorcu: Satan, 333clt nub it)re Gotten ft’anuen mir nidjt? metjr Ijier Tun at? me’iter jpotteu; Sap fie jpotteu. tap fie ladieu. Wo't, mein .veil, mirb iu (Sit Sic 3u Sdjaubeu mndjeu.

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Light Literature: Our Friend and Our Enemy.

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Edgar Melzer, ’09. The American public has become a nation of readers. This country leads the world in the publication and circulation of the newspaper and of other periodical literature. Furthermore, a large number of new hooks are placed upon the market year after year, and as many as half a million copies of a single book have been known to sell in the course of a single season. Many of the older novelists are also being more widely read today than formerly. This greatly increased activity in the production of light litera ture naturally leads to the question as to its relative advantages and dis advantages to the reading public. Under the heading of light literature may roughly he classed the newsprper, the magazine, and the novel, as dis-

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tinguished from books of history, of science, of philosophy, and of tech nology. The so-called dime-novel can hardly be said to exert any other than a bad influence and does not enter into consideration here. The most important argument in favor of light literature is no doubt its instructiveness. 'The pen of the skillful novelist can picture to us the work ings of some great industry bv simply weaving them along with his other material into an interesting plot. For example, in Scott’s “Kenilworth” we are transported to the court of Queen Elizabeth and arc given a new and extremely interesting view of the famous “virgin queen.” In like man ner in the “Man from lilengarrv" we become acquainted with the important industry of lumbering as well as with that picturesque type of humanity, the French-Canadian lumber jack. In this manner almost every phase of life in the present as well as in the past has been revealed. Almost every page of history has lum ransacked in search of new and interesting char acters. Thus the sn.vel is a veritable storehouse of information. More over, this manner *•!’ instruction does not occasion long and wearisome labor; on the contrary, the knowledge which we gain in this manner is only a by-product, a- it were, being, nevertheless, of more vital importance to the reacicr than the plot itself. Reading of all kmd broadens the mind and even though it belong to what we have termed light literature, yet its value in this respect is not inconsiderable. It acquaints us with our fellow men and gives us a deeper insight into their minds. We learn to sympathize with them, to triumph with them in the moment of their success, and to condole with them in time of failure. And herein lies the key to higher civilization. Light literature serves as a tonic to the tired mind and refreshes the worn out tissues of the brain. Among the less educated people it serves as a wholesome entertainment and occupies the time which might other wise be given to vice. It is a recreation for the mind in much the same sense as a brisk walk on a clear winter's day is for the disordered body. Light literature, however, has its defects as well as its merits. There are among every set of books some which are likely to exert an immoral in fluence on the reader. A few of these, directly inspired by an impure mind, are of a pernicious character, and should upon all occasions be avoided. Hut many on the doubtful list arc not intended fro the immature mind and should be read only by such whose character has been firmly established, when, if they are read in the right spirit, they cannot be objected to. A further complaint which has been lodged against light reading is that it, especially among young people, often becomes the all-absorbing interest in life to the exclusion of all things else. Novel-reading has come to be recognized as a habit as much as is smoking, and if not held in check may prove even mere harmful. But here it must be allowed that the blame which is invariably shifted upon novel-reading rests largely with the reader himself. ;

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To those in humble circumstances especially, as well as to the rest of us, the novel presents yet another danger. The imaginative reader will in variably picture himself in the position of his favorite character. He will draw an inspiration from him and strive to emulate him. This emulation is often entirely inconsistent with his condition and station in life, and in this manner that great enemy of mankind, dissatisfaction, is very often aroused. But the human being is as a rule too conservative to suffer greatly from this danger, and the average reader need not be alarmed by this con sideration. In closing, we come to the conclusion that the reading of light literature is a valuable adjunct to our training. But one consideration should be steadfastly borne in mind, and that is that we never allow ourselves to be come its victim, but constantly maintain an equilibrium between our light reading and our serious reading, for only then can we reap the greatest benefits from each. And lastly, in the choice of books we should exercise the utmost care. Every book of doubtful character should be avoided, and since these are greatly outnumbered by those which are pure, their loss will not be felt. By thus avoiding books of this class we escape the chief peril in light literature, and if we possess any degree of firmness of mind, we need not greatly fear the other danger.

* * -* * Caius Julius Caesar

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Adam Petermann, ’09. After the death of Sulla many prominent men endeavored to secure dominion over the Roman republic. But they were soon outclassed by Caius Julius Caesar, whose sole aim it was to cause the downfall of the republic and to introduce a monarchy whose ruler he intended to he. Caesar was the son of a wealthy praetor. He was born, according to authorities long credited, the 12U1 of July, ioo B. C.: but Mommsen claims the-date of his birth to be just two years earlier. Through the early death of his father he was brought up by his mother Aurelia. From her he in herited the eloquence through which he won the good opinion of his fellowcitizens and was held by his contemporaries as second only to Cicero. How ever, he had a higher aim in view; ambition was his path and to be once crowned king of Rome his goal. At the age of fourteen he was elected Flamen Dialis. Three years later he married Cornelia, a daughter of Cinna, who was a prominent leader of the democratic party in distinction from the aristocratic party led by Sulla. Through this connection with the democratic party Sulla foresaw a mighty enemy in Caesar and therefore demanded that Caesar should divorce him self from his wife. On his refusal Sulla ordered him to be put to death. Caesar fled from Rome and sought refuge with Nicodemus, king of Bithynia.

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Friends and relations petitioned Sulla to spare his life, to which he con sented, saying: “Cavete Caesarcm, nam co multi Marii insunt." When lie returned to Rome, he acused Dolabella, a partisan of Sulla, of maladministration. It was customary to prosecute persons of high rank in order to display one's eloquence and patriotism. The outcome of the prosecution was a matter of indifference. The object in view was to obtain the credit and favor of the people. In this Caesar succeeded most bril liantly. Dolabella was nevertheless acquitted, and to avoid all hatred of the aristocrats, Caesar went to Rhodes to improve his powers of eloquence. Me entered the school of the famous teacher Apollonius, who also had Cicero for his scholar. (hi the way thither he was captured by pirates. He was released, however, on paying a ransom of twenty talents ($10,000), which he voluntarily increased to fifty ($25,000), showing his own opinion of himself. Ilis election as pontifex called him back to Rome. Here he won the affections of the people through the affability of his manners and his ad dresses and through the entertainments which he gave. In consequence thereof he was sent as quaester to Spain, where he became famous for his military ability. Thereupon he returned to Rome and was elected aedile. Through the magnificent shows which lie gave as aedile he soon became the favorite of the people. Therefore* he took it upon himself to run as candidate for the office of Pontifex Maximus, an office given only to people of old age, and Caesar was but thirty-seven. He was elected and now doubled his gifts to the people. Out of gratitude the people sent him as praetor to Spain the following year. But through his wasteful expenditures he became deeply involved in debt and his creditors would not withdraw their claims. Crassus, however, became his security to the amount of 830 talents ($415,000). upon which Caesar was at liberty to go to his province. When he was passing a secluded village in the Alps, his attendants argued that there was no envv or dispute of precedence in this hamlet, as in Rome. Upon this he seriously replied: “As for me, I would rather be the first man in this hamlet than the second man in Rome.” Furthermore it is said that he burst into tears while standing before a statue of Alexander the f'reat. Upon being asked for the reason he said: “Don’t you think I have just cause to weep when I consider that Alexander had conquered the world at mv age and I have done nothing that is memorable?” Such sayings clearly showed that Caesar was striving to obtain great honors and to be the first man in Rome. Caesar, however, comprehended that he could not achieve all this alone. Two very powerful men were in his way, Pompey the Great, whose military honor almost reached to the clouds, and Crassus, the richest man in Rome. But Polymnia never deserted Caesar. Pie saw his way out of the difficulty by making an alliance with these men. commonly known as the First Tri umvirate. Through their united power they soon directed everything ac-

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cording to their wish. Caesar was triumphantly proclaimed consul with Calpurnius Bibulus. As such lie proposed bills on his own responsibility without heeding the objections of Bibulus, from whence his consulship is mockingly spoken of as that of Caius and Julius Caesar. To strengthen the alliance still more, Caesar betrothed his daughter Julia to Pompey; he himself married Calpurnia. Upon the expiration of his consulship he succeeded in obtaining for five years by popular vole the governorship of Gallia Cisalpina and lllyricum, to which the senate added Gallia Transalpina. His desires were fulfilled, for in these provinces a most splendid opportunity afforded him to develop an army of extraordinary ability, which would be intimately attached to his person. This he did during the nine years of military campaigns in Gallia, of which he himself is the his torian in his Commentarii De Bello Gallico. At different times the senate, on receiving the news of his splendid victories, would vote him thanksgiving festivals of fifteen and twenty days. At the close of his series of campaigns he had made all the region north of the Pyrenees and west of the Rhine tributary to Rome. There can be no doubt that Caesar at this time was the most popular man in Rome. Caesar was now to face his most powerful enemy. Since the death of Julia the relations between Caesar and Pompey became strained, One planned the downfall of the other. Through the influence of Pompey, whose jealousy was due to Caesar’s fame, the senate passed a resolution demand ing Caesar to disband his army and declared him to be an enemy of the Roman state if he refused to do so. Caecar refused to obey. 11 is reason we find in'the words which he uttered after the battle of Pharsalia: “I, Caius Caesar, after succeeding in so many wars, had been condemned had •I dismissed my army.” The senate thereupon declared war against him with Pompey as their commander-in-chief. With the words “jacta est alea” Caesar immediately crossed the Rubicon, which separated his prov ince from the territories of the Republic, and marched rapidly towards Rome. Within three months he was master of all Italy, due to the fact that he showed the utmost clemency towards the people. Pompey, being unprepared for Caesar’s rapid advance, fled to Greece, where he collected a large army. Caesar did not follow him straightway, but first went to Spain to crush Pompey’s forces under the commands of his lieutenants. Afranius and yarro. On his return to Rome he learned that he was elected dictator. Within eleven days, however, he resigned this office and declared himself consul. He now hastened to march against Pompey. A decisive battle was fought at Pharsalia, in which Pompey’s army was utterly routed; Pompey himself fled to Egypt, where he was treacherously slain. Caesar followed in pursuit, and on hearing that his rival was murdered, he shed bitter tears and even avenged his death. Interfering out of love for Cleopatra in a dispute between her and her brother, he was obliged to wage the so-called

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“Alexandrine war/’ He was successful and Cleopatra became queen of Egypt and Cyprus. After the close of this war he marched against Pharnaces in Asia Minor, whom he conquered with such ease that he wrote these famous words to a friend in Rome: “Veni, vidi, vici.” Thence he came to Rome, where he was elected dictator for a second time. His next laurels he received in the expedition to Africa against Cato and Scipio, generals of Pompey. When he returned to Rome, he was elected consul for the fourth time. At this time Caesar bestowed a benefit upon the world, the reformation of the calendar. Ik* called the best philosophers and mathematicians of his time together to bring about the change as we have it at the present day. The month of July is named in his honor. After totally routing the forces of Pompey’s sons in Spain. Caesar arrived at the height of his fame. He received the title “Pater Patriae,” was hailed “Imperator,” and made dic tator for life and consul for ten years. The people even went so far as to declare his person divine. But his desire to become king aroused many Romans to anger, and, although he openly refused the crown tendered him by Antony, they never theless formed a conspiracy against him. The leading spirit of this plot was Cains Cassius. lie persuaded many senators, being especially persistent in his efforts (o win Marcus Brutus for his party; for it must be remembered that Brutus received great honors and favors from Caesar and was treated by him as though he were his own son. Brutus wavered long, but finally gave way. The dale of the murder was set on the ides of March. Though warned by a soothsayer to beware of this day, and though begged by his wife, who was alarmed through unpleasant dreams, to stay at home for this day, Caesar attended tell senate as usual. On his way thither a written account of the conspiracy was given him. But hindered by the people who came to speak to him, he was unable to read it. When he entered the senate, Tullius Cimber bade him to pardon his brother, who was then in exile. Caesar refused to do so, upon which Cimber tore off Caesar's toga, the signal of the assasination. Pierced with twenty-three wounds, Caesar sank dying beside the statue of Pompey. Caesar succeeded remarkably in all his exploits, yet Fortuna refused to give him the crown of Rome, and it may truly be said of him that with him perished the greatest of all Romans. But the goal of his ambition was such that the true friends of liberty shuddered at the thought that it might be obtained by him, and Fortuna, sympathizing with them as she has with so many enemies of our most ambitious men, “slit the thin spun life" of him who had already begun to wield the destinies of nations.

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the Black and Red.

Published monthly by the students of the Northwestern University.

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EDITORIAL

With this issue the tenth volume of The Black and Red has been completed and the editors whose privilege it has been to conduct this paper during the past year turn over the management to the new staff. When we assumed our duties we promised that it would be our earnest and con stant endeavor to make this journal a worthy representative of our institu tion and we have faithfully tried to do that. We have also endeavored to keep it up to its old standard and it is left to you, kind reader, to decide whether we have been successful in that respect or not. Our work has been strenuous, but it has afforded us some pleasure and we have derived much benefit from it. As to the support we received from our fellow-stu dents we must say that it was willingly offered and that they were ever ready to lend us a helping hand. In short, we have no reason to complain, and we can look back at the past year with pleasure and with the feeling of satisfaction that we have at least tried to do our duty. As to the success of the paper in the future we have no doubt whatever. Our places have been taken by competent men and we feel sure that they

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will be able to keep up the past standard of the paper. Yes, we even rest assured that they will he able to improve upon it. Knowing thus that we have worthy successors, we gladly turn over the management of The Black and Red to them and wish them all possible success in their work. d 0 & &

Many of us have become habitual smokers, and for them the following, taken from the March number of the Review of Reviews, might prove to be interesting. It is a condensed form of what Dr. Nalpasse, of the Paris Faculty of Medicine, writes in answering the question: “How much, if any, should we smoke?” We shall mention only that which is in our eyes most appropriate. He says: “It is unnecessary to say that, for many reasons of all kinds, tobacco must not be used in any form by growing children or youths. But it has no bad effect when used by people who are in a condition to use it. It must not be used by people who have any diseases «if the nervous system. It must not be used by those who have heart trouble or lung trouble. In a word, it must not be used by any one who would be unpleasantly affected, or who would be disturbed, by a hearty meal. Pernicious results follow immoderate, often excessive, use of tobacco. Three cigars a day, four at most, or their equivalent in pipe tobacco, ought to be the limit of the habitual smoker. He should throw away his pipe after the first few puffs. The cigar should be thrown away when but three-quarters smoked—just so the cigarette. This is necessary because nicotine does not volatilize until it attains 250 degrees, and as it is drawn with the smoke toward the mouth when the fire is near the mouth-end of the cigar, it is apt to be drawn into the mouth. The habit of smoking the wet stump of a cigar impregnated with nicotine is essentially weak, foolish, indelicate—not to say greedy. The intelligent smoker will not relight his cigar or his pipe, because he knows that the smoke of the relighted tobacco is impure and that it cannot be purified. Smoked as it should be smoked, tobacco causes a man to forget his anxieties for a time. And the man who smokes as he ought need not fear his pipe or his cigar.’ How Much, if any, Should we Smoke

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Now that spring is close at hand and baseball will soon be in full swing, perhaps a few words in regard to the cheering and to the general support of the team would not be inappropriate. It can be easily understood that when the team is losing and when the playing is not ex actly brilliant for a time, the enthusiasm will not run very high. Some few leave the grounds, other sit down and grumble, thinking how much better they could fill the position than some unlucky player who has just made an error. But happily there are always some who loyally stand by

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the team and cheer them on through victory or defeat. These arc the ones who take a defeat the hardest, these have the success of the team most at heart. It is easy to cheer the boys when they are winning, but at this time the cheering is least needed. The time to cheer and encourage the team is when they are losing, for if they see that their supporters arc losing con fidence in them they are apt to lose confidence in themselves, and the re sult of that is errors, strikeouts, and defeat. Never, therefore, give up hope when victory is being turned into defeat; the game is never over until the last man is out, and all those who witnessed the game with Lawrence a few years ago will remember what a little cheering did for us in the last inning. It would be well to remember that under cheering and rooting we do not understand the addressing of personal and offending remarks to the visiting players. Such remarks do not help the members of our own team, but may easily strain the friendly athletic relations now existing between us and other colleges. If a team receives bad treatment at the hands of spectators on our grounds, our own team may expect similar treatment in retaliation when they play on strange grounds. Such action reflects on the reputation of the whole college. In short, remember two things during the coming season: Don’t be a knocker, avoid personal offensive remarks to outside players, and you will be a real supporter of your team. 0

ALUMNI What is Socialism O. Hagedorn, ’91

(Concluded.) Practically the question of socialism is a question of what the state shall do. We may take the word ‘shall” in a prophetic sense. Socialism is a prophecy. It is based, first, on the observation that labor is becoming more and more co-operative, or socialized. Owing to the introduction of machinery, steam, and electricity, the little individual workshop of old, where the in dividual manufacturer made his articles with his own individual brain and hand, has given way to the gigantic co-operative factory, where hundreds of “hands,” by co-operative piecework, produce the same article. Division of labor is one of the great characteristics of modern times. Division of labor is socialism. This process is going on and on, labor is becoming more socialized day by day, and in this respect the progress of the world is in the direction of socialism. For socialism, in respect to labor, means co-opera tion. The next observation is that of the continuous process of centralization.

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With the introduction of machinery, dozens of small manufacturers were put out of business by one capitalist, who had the money to acquire the machinery. With the coming of better and more costly machinery, again dozens of these smaller capitalists were pushed to the wall by the greater capitalist. For mutual protection against competition and for other eco nomic reasons, capitalists unite into corporations, and corporations into trusts. Thus a number of the chief industries of the country are already in the hands of a few men. This process is going on and on incessantly, and here again the progress of the world is toward socialism. For social ism, in respect to ownership and management, means centralization. The prophecy of socialism is simply that this natural process of co-opera tion of labor and of centralization of ownership and management shall go on and on. until finally the greatest of all capitalists, the only original and supreme capitalist, shall step in—the State. The present period of capitalism is merely a transition from individualism__ to socialism. It is capitalism that trains the people in the art of co-operation and concentration. It is capitalism that prepares the way for socialism. Suppose that ultimately one man, or a dozen, or a few hundred, would own and manage all the chief industries of the nation: this would mean that the whole nation is then organized under one head and forms one solid indus trial body. Then the chief work of socialism is already done. The socialist state is no longer utopian. There is but one short step to take: the state will rise and simply vote the great industries out of the hands of private owner ship into its own hands. The thing is done. Manufacture and business will go on as before. The change of hand will hardly be noticed. It will be felt only in its effects: better wages, shorter hours, lower prices, greater public improvements, etc. And it is capitalism that will compel the state to do this. The few who own and manage the industries are practically the rulers of the nation. Their power is far greater than that of the “government.” It is not the “government." but the capitalists, on whom the worker depends for his em ployment and wages. It is not. the government, but the possessing classes, on whom the public depends for the necessities of life. By raising or low ering wages and prices, these men exercise a far higher degree of influence over the people than our present government docs. To “regulate the trusts” is a task that even the best legislative, executive, and judicial talent of the country is unable to accomplish. This state of things—a double govern ment: the powerful tyranny of the plutocracy and the nominal political government—cannot endure. Civilized society will not forever submit to this unnatural rulership. Capitalism itself, by its highhanded ways, will compel the state to become conscious of its natural, inalienable rights over the individual. The state will waste no more time, energy, and money in the futile attempt to “regulate" and prosecute the trusts, but resort to the far simpler expedient of going into the trust business itself. Then there

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will be but one government, industrial and political, with but one master to serve: the people, and but one aim: the public good. This is socialism, as T understand it. I think there can be little doubt that socialism will soon be a “burning question.” Suppose that one or the other of our alumni readers would take occasion to answer the follow ing question in The Black and Red: 0

Personal Notes.

—Ernst O. Eckelmann, ’97, has recently taken his degree of Ph. D. at the University of Heidelberg, his thesis being “Schiller’s Einlluss auf die Jugenddramen Hcbbcls." Dr. Eckelmann is now filling a position in German at Dartmouth college. —Herbert Jenny, ’05, of Milwaukee, Wis., has accepted a position as or ganist and choir-master at the Central Methodist church at Winona, Minn. !

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Ovir Contemporaries Resolved, That it is a waste of printers’ ink, time, and space to try to induce some ex-editors to exert themselves; that the best results can be obtained by ignoring them and endeavoring to bring one’s own department up to the standard as an example to them that they may discern the contrast and blush at their own pitiful efforts. The Ouachita Ripples (Arkadelphia, Ark.) is a good example of that which can be accomplished under an able management. Foremost among the literary productions arc the two orations “William the Silent and the Rise of the Dutch Republic" and “The Evils of Uncertainty." Not in ferior to them, however, though more unassuming in their style, are the “Studies in Wordsworth"; and we would have considered the literary de partment a good one though it contained nothing but these studies, the last one being of special value in so much as it contains the history of the sonnet from its origin to its present stage of development. The motives of the characters in “The Revelation of a Court-Martial" are quite in har mony with the circumstances under which thev are compelled to act. The charm of the pathetic little story. “With the Falling of the Leaves," would have been increased if it contained more original elements. As one is said to be most interested in that of which he possesses the most conceptions, we would that these of our boys who are in the habit of joining the order of the perambulating “Knights of the Grip" for the vacation months to read “The Book Agent. The style in which the article “Theodore Roosevelt" in The Lake Breeze (Sheboygan, Wis.) is written in captivating but desultory. Do parties form

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the hub around which all ideas of social life revolve at S. H. S.? The nature of the two stories, “It 'Auto’ But It Didn’t" and “Two and Their Stories," conveys that impression. While viewing the beautiful half-tones taken from scenic nature in the Index (Oshkosh, Wis.) we accidentally came across some representations of human nature which we so admired that it took some time before we proceeded to inspect the remainder of the paper. “The Index is now the best high school paper in the state,” says the Index of itself, and, while this is a somewhat egotistic view, we are inclined to believe that such is the case, and we have wondered to what financial source the management may have access to to he able to make it so. The January issue being dedicated to the class of 07, each member has contributed an article treating of the home city, its history and surroundings, which together with the half-tones make it a most appropriate number. The February number of The Royal Purple (Whitewater Wis.) con tains little of more than local interest save the first installment of the oration “The Triumph of Reason," which easily overshadows the remaining selections. "Those Exams" did not appeal to our taste for some reason or other. The Susquehanna (Selingsgrovc. Pa.) is still the same neat, interesting and compact paper--compact hi form and contents. “The Patriot of the Revolution" is a glowing but just tribute to those who fought that we might be free. The >ivle is fluent and dignified, though somewhat marred by an occasional abrupt transition. Is bark as used in the article not poeti cal? Though "Still Labor" is a theme now everywhere harped upon, the writer in his treatment of it has succeeded in introducing new elements sufficient to make it an excellent article. ‘Petrarch and the Renaissance” is also well written, but the parts are not well balanced. If it were possible, for instance, to imagine the introduction ocupying one end of a sec-saw plank and Petrarch the other, we would find that the worthy poet required a goodly amount of ballast to make the game a success—providing that the fulcrum were in the center. Those interested in the history of British literature should not fail to read the historical articles which regularly appear in The Lesbian Herald (Frederick, Md.), In the February number we find under "Christopher Marlowe" a short biographical sketch of that unfortunate writer, together with the history of his various works and an account of the effect they had on the development of the English drama with regard to subject matter and form. The M. IL. Aerolith (Franklin. Wis.) as usual contains an assortment of good essays and stories. In regard to “Ornament Is But the Gilded Shore to a Most Dangerous Sea" and “In Everything That You Do Consider the End we would remark, however, that the transitions are often too abrupt. The paragraphs should be so united that each composition is a perfect unit.

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In “Was nian schcint bat jedermann zum Richter, was man ist, bat keinen” and in “A Wonderful Escape” the introductions are too Ion" and detailed. The editorial column is well edited. Of all our February exchanges The Comcnian (Bethlehem, Pa.) is the only one to contain an article on Abraham Lincoln, “The Typical Ameri can/’ After briefly naming the characteristics of a typical American, the author shows in what respect Lincoln had all of these; “an inborn love of liberty, a respect for the rights of humanity as a whole, a reverence for the opinions of others, and a true and unselfish patriotism.” With this issue of The Black and Red ve exchange editor severs his connection with this department, of which lie has had charge during the year past. Reluctantly it is indeed that we do so, when we think of the pleas ures our work has given us and of the host of friends we leave behind, in whose spiritual company so many an hour has been happily and profitably spent. Yet the best of friends must part, and we bid all ex-editors and editresses a hearty farewell, with our best wishes for the future. Propelled by necessity, though painfully aware that we possessed but few, if any, of the essential qualities of a “born critic,” we have faithfully endeavored to fulfill the duties of exchange editor as we interpreted them. We have stated what, in our opinion, are the requisites of a creditable jour nal, have criticised the individual papers, pointing our their merits and defects, and have offered our suggestions for improvement. In thus pre senting our views we have tried, above all, to remain impartial without any manifestation of scorn or malice. And that we may have criticised some exchanges severely at time was based, not on any personal enmity, but on the fact that we consider a frank and fair criticism to be more help ful and satisfactory than any fawning attempts at petty diplomacy. After having thus briefly written our own obituary, we quietly step aside that our worthy sucessor may take up the old editorial pen—unless he prefers to buy a new one—and proceed with the work where we have left off. •3» * 4 £

DE REBUS OMNIBUS Never for a long time has college spirit so risen into conspicuousness and importance at our institution as during the past year. Scarcely a day passes but some, clear instance of it presents itself. As the Sextaner hears and uses this expression most’*' in connection with our outdoor sports, he most naturally infers that it is in these vocations that college spirit plays its most important part; that he who shouts the loudest for the team during a game, he who displays the college colors most ostentatiously possesses the most college spirit. As far as this phase of it is concerned. College Spirit

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lie is in a certain sense not entirely in the wrong. But if this were all we understood by this expression it would be of minor importance and prob ably figure next to nothing in our college life. By college spirit we commonly understand that spirit which is devoted towards the general welfare of the institution; the spirit that not only should but must reign at any and every thriving institution. College spirit cannot be, as some suppose, either good or bad. If it is not of a good nature we ought to call it some other spirit, but not college spirit. Outsiders get a poor impression, indeed, if some student, perhaps unintentionally, classes some disorder, which we arc probably attempting to exterminate, a college spirit. The spirit of the entire college is judged by this and our good repu tation with outsiders has greatly deteriorated. Let us, therefore, ever be careful what we call college spirit. The main fault lies therein that some, probably too many, of our number have but little conception of what true college spirit really is. For instance, many make no difference between so-called “squealing” and bona-fide making known of anything. None of us care to “squeal" upon our fellow students any more than we care to be “squealed" about. “Squealing" never was, never is, and, we all hope, never will be encouraged at our institution. The trouble is that only too few are capable of prescribing for themselves a limit for “squealing.” For in stance, an offense is committed at our college. The blame of such a deed necessarily is upon the student body until the perpetrator is discovered. In a case of this kind it is not only wrong for us to steal the transgressor, but it is our duty to make him known. This action is by no means "squealing,” as some may most absurdly think; on the contrary, we show that we are not willing to allow the entire student body to be judged by some cowardly offender. College spirit lies therein not only that we find out a prevailing evil and attempt to exterminate it, but also that we discover the right and preserve it. True college spirit endeavors not only to preserve but also to extend the good name of the institution. It teaches us to sacrifice some pleasures, which in reality are no wrong whatever, but which for a somewhat narrow minded and unreasonable people are very liable to produce offense. This we above all things must prevent. As a Christian institution we are more exposed to criticism, very often in an entirely unjust manner, than an other college. ITe who possesses college spirit will not hesitate a minute to abstain from some of the pleasures that some people look at as con trary to our teaching. Many, perhaps unthinkingly, upon their departure from our college, picture in a most striking manner only the shady sides of the institution. Hereby not only the reputation of the students but also that of the college is set at stake. Every college has its faults, and we do not claim to be an exception, but we by no means care to be wronged in having only our faults brought to light, while our rectitude and integrity are regarded as a triviality. Here is a splendid chance to make manifest the college spirit you possess, which adds not only to our and your credit, but also to that of the entire institution.

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—C. Brickmann, '09, visited his cousin, J. B. Brook, in Milwaukee March 3. While there he also called upon old friends at the Seminary. —M. Wagner, ’08, A. Sitz, 09, and J. Krubsack, Prep., were paid a visit by Mr. A. Woltmann, foreman of the veneer factory at Marshfield, March 4. —A. Werner, Prep., was home in Milwaukee for a visit Feb. 22. —W. Albrecht, Prep., was home on account of illness from Feb. 24 until March 3. —H. Anger, 07, and G. Luetke, ’07, walked to Oconomowoc and back Feb. 17. —Mr. O. Stern of Milwaukee visited his brother Fritz, Prep., Feb. 22. —Mr. W. Zibell of Waterloo visited his son Albert, Prep., Feb. 28. —H. Kirchner, Jio, visited his parents at Lowell a week beginning Feb. 18. —Rev. A. Baebenroth of Milwaukee visited his sons Edwin, 00. and Ger hard, Prep., Monday, Feb. 25. —W. Eggert, 07, was home in Marshall, Feb. 10. —Mrs. O. H. Koch of Columbus visited her son Herbert, Prep., Feb. 2T. —Arthur Berg, Prep., and Ehrenfried Berg, ’io, visited their parents Feb. 18. —B. Molthan, Prep., was home in Genoa, 111., because of eye-trouble, Feb 18. —A number of students were cordially entertained at the home of Rev. J. Haase, Feb. 10. —Mr. W. F. Reinemann of Burlington visited his brother Walther, Prep., Feb. 22. —Mr. E. Berg of Caledonia visited his sons Ehrenfried, ’io, and Arthur, Prep., March 4. 4 *

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AUS DEM SEMINARLEBEN — #err ffiubolpf) Stern rcftc am 21. $c6ntar uadi •ftciuic, um feinen franfen $3rubcr Tfcoobor 311 bej-udjen. — (Sine 9ln3alil #errcw mad):on 311 38ai();ugton§ ©chartstag SBefiidio 3” Baltic ober bci auSwartigcn greunben uivb ^ct'anntcu. -- £ic $errcit ^>aul Dcljlcrt. 5llcraubcr Siern unb Sltubolpf) .dorn rciftcn am 2G. gc6ntar nndj Burlington, 9Bis.f um teni Begrabuipe bcS ucritorheucn ftcrrit Rafters 21. SOToiiffa beûwclpien. — •<oerr ôljanncS 9(be(mami fcljrtc am crftcu 9lia 1*3, uadibcm or SI rant** fjcitf fjalbcr oblige SOTc-uaie long 311 £»auje gcroqcu war, roieber in baS Seminar 3iiriicf, um fcinc Stifbien fortîiioBcu.

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— $crr .find 33ricfmanir non itnjercm (SoHege in -'ISatertotoiv Bepuijte un§ uni 3. SRarj. — $crr (Sfiriftinu .Sauer fe'firtc am 4. 9)i(ir3 micbcr 311m Semtittir- auriicf nub ficganu miebcr mit fc'. hcii Stubien. a **

CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM —Spring again! —Baseball! —Morning shags! —Abcndluft! —1.: “Yes, be ( ?) (lopped in Septima.” II.: “How could that happen with such feet?” —Zubcr: “Is this self-made pie?” —Albrecht: "I read a fine story in which they cut off a man’s legs and let him run.” —Inch: “Why do you hold your nose when you get under the shower?” Hank: “So I don’t get my hair wet.” —One of Y - p’s translations: Skyscraper—Himmelkratzer. —Heard in the mass meeting: “We wouldn’t take the thing so seriously, but think of faking on Washington’s birthday.” —Heinz said that he wished he were so far advanced that he could write poems on his A/ma Mater. —Watch for those that blow rings of smoke. It is a new sign of infatua tion. Heinz is the inventor. Instructions free of charge. —At a certain table they planned to fine each person who spoke an English word during mealtime. C. Sch----der keeps tab and one evening put ting down the fines, he said, “Eins fur dich and eins fur du,” as he pointed at two persons. —Sch - -1: “What is the matter with this pie?” Hank: “There’s too much synonym (cinnamon) on it.” —Po - p: “What have you got up in the tree, Schweir?” Schwier: “A rabbit.” —Scoi and Zeel are taking open air exercise to avoid consumption. Every now and then they may be seen taking “skidoos” into the country towards Johnson’s Creek. —E. F. Z. (after a week’s illness, mistaking a hairbrush for a handglass) : “1 certainly need a shave.’ —Schuft (looking at an empty table in the dining-hall) : ‘That must be the banquet I dreamed of last night.” —Prof.: “The molecules in hydrogen move more than a mile a minute.”

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Steamer: “They ought to put a few of those on freight trains.’ —Y-p: “How is your little Red Ridinghood, Dutchy?” Dutchv: “Fine, fine; she brought me much English by tonight again.” —Prof.: ‘How docs the water of the Great Basin get out ?” Sextaner: “It leaks.” —Dr.: “What does ‘but ere a close’ mean ?” Colonel: “The air is hot.’ —C. Toepel (translating ut nc joco) : “Thou shalt not joke.” —Heinz (translating prudens rei militaris): “I feel proud in my military suit.” —Prof.: “How old was this man ?” Student (dreaming): “1S34.” —Prof.: “What indentations are on the south coast of Europe?” Prep.: “The Alps.’ —Hank (hearing the hoot of a screech owl): “What’s that, a nightingale? ^ —One of our children in 1414: “Have we recitations over-to-morrow?” (ubermorgen). —Prof.: “What is an impression?” Prep.: “A dent in a weak spot.’ —Tack: ..Caesars Fusstruppen hieltcn sich an den Mahnen ihrer Pfcrde fest.” —Dutchy is going to report for baseball practice. He heard that certain people in this country like baseball players better than German sailors. —Jack: “Can you prove that Thcmistoclean theorem?” —Prof.: „Auf was fur einen Zug ging Kyros fiber den Euphrat?” Freshman: „Auf einem Frachtzug.” —Someone: “Tuff had his poetic locks abbreviated in the harber shop the other day.” —Scoi (mit seiner Hand am liaise): ,.Meine Niercn tun mir so well.” —K--, ’13: “There are fifteen degrees in one longitude.” —Marohn (trying to open a door): “ This door must have lockjaw.” —P. H. was just practicing some of his wonderful triplets and was having record-breaking success, when he looked out of the window and thought he saw the trees dancing a break-down to the tune the stones were whistling. He whispered low: “Am I an Orpheus or have I merely got them again ?’ —Tuff: “Tf mv papa would hear such jokes he'd die twice a day.” —P. Ii.: “How many horns make a hornet?” —The days of wonders are not yet past. One day while he was walking through a beautiful clover field there suddenly appeared before Tuff, who was in one of his poetic moods, the spirits of Shakespeare, Goethe and Schiller. Power, phrases and figures which they imparted to him enabled Tuff soon to write an unequaled masterpiece. But just as he was reach ing out to reap the fruits of his new-found genius, there sounded in his ears: “Aufstehen!” It was all a dream. Poor Tuff! Ein Gcdicht (?) -------- , du geliebtes Wesen, Fcgst mein Herz rein mit dem Bescn. —G - - f.

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F. W. KURZWEG L

DEALER IN

Fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers Please Give Us a Trial. We Trv to Give Satisfaction.

402 Main Street. The Largest Assortment of

Kodacks and Pbotograpftic Supplies at

KN1CK BROS. U5 Third St.

Watertown, Wis.

The August Gamm

Crockery and Glassware Go. —Dealers in—

Lamps Glassware Ciockery Stone Ware Bar Goods Flower Pots, Etc. Cor. Main and N. Fourth Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

Jos. Salick & Son 3?w?l«rs and Opticians Special Attention is given to testing Eyes and Fitting of Glasses. Eves Tested Free.

Baseball and Spartlng Qood$ 1 and 3 Main Street.

Watertown. Wis.

Ridtke &

Son

MANUFACTURE OK

Pure Delicious Ice Cream and Candies We guarantee our goods. Pure and best in the market. 117 West M. in St. Phone 532

OTTO HE VIS BIBLES, SONG BOOKS, CHURCH GOODS IN GENERAL* S:hool Supplies a Spici ilty. 409 Main Street.

New Furniture assumes a special prominence. If you are not satisfied with your furniture call on Nowack & Kohls. 6io Main street where you will see the most complete line in the city and the prices will surely please, as they will be found as low as the lowest. A large consignment of Couches. s, Rockers and Centre Tables, Dining Room Tables, Sideboards, Bed Room Sets and Iron Bedsteads ’ in ' pr ofusion in all the prevailing styles.

NEW FURNITURE NOWACK & KOHLS,

Undertakers, Embalmsrs, anJ Funeral Directors

W. D. SPROESSER & CO. JEWELERS PIANOS AND ORGANS 213 Main Street

Telephone No. 249-y WATF.RTOWN, WSCONSIN

Pboite your Drug “Wants”

STUDENTS

tO Ho. 196 «« «

PATRONIZEOUR

CbeSdiempfDrufl £o. Che ^&xaZZ Store

ADVERTISERS.

THE BESTand CHEAPEST HOUSE

j.w.wmn mjiLorn

tswBusMcoimo.

porband&orchestra

Satisfaction Guarantees

or money REFUNOED

J.WPEPPER 8T-H&LOCUSTSI-S PHILADA.PA

Cole Block

Main Street

The New Up-to-Date Shoe Store invites the patronage of the College Boys as well as the City trade. We will fit you right and treat you the same. H. J. STUBE, Prop. 309 Main St. Between 3d and 4th Sts. ‘

For StySe, Fit and Economy Wear

Leo Ruessh’s Shoes 210 MAIN STREET.

A plain black suit is dressy, so is a fancy check or

gmhih’s corner drug store At Main and First Sts.

Pure Drugs and medicines Domestic and Havana Cigars Prescriptions a Specialty

Your patronage respectsully so‘ licited.

Read tKe

WATERTOWN DAILY LEADER Watertown’s Up= to=date

Morning

Paper.

Your personality is a great asset.

•#

stripe,

§,'■

/•\

but

the appearance of the man who , i

j,' V

wears any style 5 «*»* or color of suit =[? m is materialy im- ! ImII

proved by a fancy vest.

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It will give ||||j you a prosper ous look, improve your personality, in short, a fancy vest is a valuable asset—not an expense. “R. & W” Vests fit right and the styles are unique — try this season s new model and you have increased your value.

WEGEMANN-FABER -KAERCHER CO. 217 Main

’Phone 823 106 3d St. Watertown

The

I i

NEW SPRING STYLES

m m.vje.

in YOUNG MEN’S SUITS “MORA" HATS, "GRIFFON BRAND’ SHIRTS will soon be here.

75he Society Swell and the dainty Summer (iirl alike have their linen ianndried at this es tablishment. We laundry delicate shirt waists, dresses,collars, cuffs and shirts, with conscientious care and without tear nr frays, and never fail to' give general satisfaction to our patrons in color, polish and the right stiffness, or prompt delivery. Do mestic tinish if desired.

Watertown Steam Laundry First St.

Phone 81-y

SEAGER’S

ttarber Shop and Ilatb Rooms

You must see them before you buy anything NEW for Spring.

SCHEMPF BROS. CO., The Big C*.3h Store

JjpECKE \ W DEALERS IN

Fruits, Staple and Fancy

: ..

Groceries.

108 MAIN STREET

All goods delivered promptly to 5 Berths for $1.00

all parts of the city free of charge.

J. C. SEAGER Prop,

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