1910-1911 NWU The Black and Red Vol. 14 by Martin Luther College

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APRIL, 1910.

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The Usual Argument for “Clothes Without a S Name" Is Just Style. [j It is enough to fool men who don’t think; but you who do think, or have been “stung” will realize that there are endless ways to cheapen clothes in the making. ALL-WOOL must be ALL-SHRUNK, or the ultimate wearer gets the worst of it. The safety way we know is to buy clothes that we know, and you know will give you service of the most satisfactory kind. If you don’t know Sincerity Clothes, we invite you to accept an introduction.

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BOWLING ALLEYS BILLIARD and POOL TABLES Also a Choice Line of

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Twelve teachers; three buildings, all heated by steam or hot water and lighted by gas or electricity; modern improvements, campus of thirty acres, with Rock river near for bathing and skating. Tuition per annum, $42.25; board, etc., $100.00; use of typewriter, $10.00. For further particulars apply to A. F. ERNST, President.

Directory Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. XT. THE COLLEGE. President-............................... Vice President...................... Secretary-.............................. Faculty Athletic Director,

...........Prof. A. F. Ernst .............Dr. J. H. Ott .............Dr. A. Hoermann ......... Prof. H. K. Moussa

ALUMNI. ...............Rev. W. Huth, ’81, Hustisford, Wis. President.......................... ......... ............... Dr. J. H. Ott, ’86, Watertown, Wis. Vice President and Treasurer. ----------- Rev. Fr. Schumann, ’90, Sawyer,^Wis. 2nd Vice President.................. ...............Rev. Chr. Sauer, ’77, Juneau, Wis. Secretary—...........-................... NORTHWESTERN CLUB. .... ........................... E. A. Wurster, Milwaukee, Wis. President ------------.................................Hugo v. Rohr, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice President-----.............................. ...Julius Dammann, Milwaukee, Wis. Treasurer-----------.................................E. H. Karrer, Caswell Block, “ Secretary------------ATHLETIC BOARD. .........E. Berg, ’10 President-----------....... P. Lehmann, ’10 Treasurer-----------.........F. Schweppe, ’ll. Secretary.----------I. Frey. A. Berg. BAND. Prof. H. Frank Director---------------------•A. Zuberbier, ’10 President:-......................... I. Frey, ’10 Vice President................. -Wm. Limpert, ’10 Secretary and TreasurerLibrarian.......................... • A. Tacke, ’12 ORCHESTRA. ------.*-------Prof. A. Kuhn Director.--------------------.................... Wm. Limpert, ’10 President-------------------Vice President................. ...................-R. Hanke, ’ll Secretary and Treasurer................... G. Schley, ’ll Librarian---------------------------- -—F. Schweppe, ’ll MALE CHORUS. Director------------------- --------------...............Prof. A. Kuhn President.-------------------------------............... O. Hohenstein, ’10 Vice President------------------------------------C. Kluender, ’ll Secretary and Treasurer----------............... L. Mahnke, ’12 Librarian-------- ---------------------------------- L. Mass, ’12 QUARTET. Director and President. .................... Prof. C. Bolle MILITARY COMPANY. President ------------------- A. Hanke, ’!1 Vice President----....... .........W. Beitz, Prep. Secretary------------------------ L. Baganz, ’ll Treasurer-----------------------J. Masch, ’12 TENNIS CLUB. President.------------------------------........... O. Plath, ’10 Vice President------------------------............M. Whyte, ’10 Secretary and Treasurer------------------ W. Schaller, ’ll

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., April, 1910.

would, perhaps take but a short time until the insects were numer It is not the dressed body on the ous enough to destroy the entire market or on the table nor its pleas vegetation, without which man can ant song that constitutes the true not exist. But the habit of our birds value of a bird. There is a purpose to live mainly upon insects makes much higher than these for which this impossible. It is mainly the farmer and the the bird is intended, one that in volves perhaps the existence of fruit grower that experience the mankind. It is nothing less than benefit of birds; indirectly, however, to fight and control the insects, one everybody that consumes the pro of man’s greatest enemies. Again ducts of these people experiences it. and again insect pests have destroy Yet they all, city people as well as ed the crops of vast areas. But such country people, are almost entirely pests are usually of one kind of in ignorant of the immense good they sects only. If, however, all the harm derive from birds. This ignorance ful insects were left to develope un would be harmless, and there would molested with the almost incredibly be no need of supplanting it by bet rapid increase of many kinds, it ter knowledge, if people that labor The Value of Birds

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Number 1

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under it would neglect birds entire- dices this was done with the very ly; as it is, however, all people are crows that they shot on their corn aware of the existence of birds, and fields. The result was that in most many think that they exist to serve cases the supposed culprits had eat man as a means of his subsistence. en nothing but insects. And those The result of this very one-sided which had eaten corn certainly de idea of the purpose of birds is that served to be pardoned, since it was they are killed continually until ex hunger and their failing to find the terminated. Again, and in this case insects and the worms they searched the farmer and fruit-grower are the for that induced them to try corn, main perpertrators, birds often suffer and since they would more than re death, because they are seen on pay on other days for the little harm fields and fruit-trees gathering food done. The crow is not at all the for themselves and their young, “corn-fiend,” as it is usually decried. How foolish and harmful it is, howAnother bird that lives still more ever, to kill birds for these reasons upon insects than the crow is the and purposes has been thoroughly kingbird, who in summer may be disclosed and proved by govern seen perched on fence posts, dry mental as well as by private obser stalks of the great mullein, or on vations and experiments. the dry branch of a tree and from Since birds can fight insects in there making excursions in the air, no other way than by eating them, which swarms with beetles and it must be ascertained what kinds moths. It is averred that about are eaten and to what extent insects ninety per cent of its food consists form a part of the diet of the differ- of mostly obnoxious insects. Besides ent kinds of birds. Not all kinds of it feeds its young as all birds do, cnbirds are alike beneficial; in fact tirely with easily digested worms some, as the shrike, some sparrows, and caterpillars, which at least duone or two species of hawks, and a plicates its own daily fare, Mow few more, are more harmful than many insects birds are able to catch useful and ought to be limited in per day may be concluded from the their protection. To find out what satement of Chester A. Reed in his and how many insects, for instance, “Bird Guide,” who claims that the crow eats, it does not suffice to twenty-five and one-half millions of observe the crow as it walks across insectivorous birds of the state of the corn fields. Such an observation Massachusetts daily devour about would lead to inferences like those two and one-half billions of insects, of the farmer, who thinks that ev- Qr, averaging 120,000 insects to a ery crow alighting on his fields in bushel, 21,000 bushels. Although spring unearths and eats the newly the kingbird ranks high among our pknted and sprouting corn. The benefactors, it is ill repaid bv many method leading to the best results people for its help. They are unand as applied by scientists is to doubtedly jealous of its name, which open the crops of birds and exam- it derived from its quarrelling with me the contents. To convince farm- other birds, and often kill it with ers of the falseness of their preju- the good intention of creating peace,

THE BLACK AND RED. heedless of the cry of alarm among the other birds, “Who has made thee a judge over us?” One of the most beneficial but at the same time worst-treated birds is the quail or bobwhite. Its import ance is twofold. Of his year’s food a considerable percentage consists of insects and their allies, Being mostly on the ground, it devours many worms and caterpillars, grass hoppers, and other pests, But its greater importance lies in the fact that in summer it lives extensively and in winter entirely upon the seeds of weeds. When the snow does not cover the dead weeds (in which case many cptails perish), whose capsules arc full of ripe seeds that wait but for the wind to scatter them and the spring rains to awak en their embryos, the tracks of bobwhite may be traced over great areas, where it investigated every bush and herb. The chaff that en closed the seeds may be seen scat tered about the dry and now barren stalks. A farmer could nor have a better watchman for his fields. Yet, what does he do? When a flock, and the larger it is the greater is his pleasure, is gathered around a weedstock and is picking the seeds, he stalks up to them with his shot-gun and awaits the moment when his benefactors are very closely crowd ed together to kill, if possible, the entire flock and sell them for a pet ty sum, a sum that will not even pay for several days’ work among the weeds, the following summer, which would never have germinated, had he not shot the quails. A quail does its good deeds secretly, but must suffer open persecution from

the very person whom it intended to do good. One live quail on the fields is worth more than a dozen on the market and all the sport con nected with their shooting. Other prominently insectivorous birds are the phoebe, the meadow lark, the swallows, the blackbirds, the orioles, many species of the spar rows, the bluebird, the nighthawk, and many others, in fact, almost ev ery bird eats insects more or less, especially the young, for which rea son birds should be encouraged to nest in orchards, about the house, and on the farm in general. While the afore-mentioned birds arc mostly found on fields, there are others which mainly frequent the forests and orchards. May it suffice to describe a little the bird that does most good in this respect,—the wodpecker. , There are about forty-five species of this family of birds in the United States, all of which have their eco nomic value. The most important and familiar ones in our part of the country are the hairy, the downy, and the red-headed woodpeckers, and the flicker. A peculiar charac teristic of the woodpecker is its tongue, which has its base in some species in the upper mandible, in others in the upper part of the skull. It then curves in the rear part of the head and extends into the groove of the lower mandible. It is surrounded by a muscular sheath and is sharply pointed, while the sides near the point are barbed. The woodpecker has besides a very sharp sense of hearing, which enables it to locate the ants, worms, and caterpillars deep in the trunks of trees. It furth-

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ermore possesses a very strong and sharp bill, with which it cuts tiny holes to the lodgings of the treedestroyers. It then protrudes the long, slender, pointed, and barbed tongue into the widely spreading passages, which the ants or other insects have bored into the trees, and draws forth the entire family. The flicker devours in this manner perhaps more ants than any other woodpecker. The governmental ob servers have found in the stomach of a single flicker as many as from three to five thousand ants. These were, of course, not of the largest species of ants, nor were they per haps the food of one day only. Be sides insects within trees woodpeck ers also eat many which they find on the bark and leaves, especially, the lice. Similarly useful birds to fruit-growers are the nuthatches, the chicadee, the creeper, and many more. From an economic view it is evident that birds ought to be pro tected as much as possible. This can be done through the law; but the law is limited very much. The best means to protect our benefactors is a thorough knowledge of the economic value of birds, . This knowledge ought to be impressed on every school boy and ought to be improved continually by observing and reading. In that case it may be hoped that mankind will by and by become aware of the great debt it owes to the birds and of the rank injustice with which it treats them nOW* OTTO HOHENSTEIN, ’10.

Victims of the Lake It was on an April morning in the year of ’74; the sun was just peeping over the horizon and throw ing its golden beams over the wide spreading water. As usual the rud dy fisherman was the first to greet the day. Again he was at his work unreeling the swarthy nets, now and then humming in a coarse voice some melody, while the squeaking reel seemed to accompany him. In the course of an hour six fishing boats were cutting the blue water, ent direction, and soon the high est mast disappeared beyond the horizon. About two o’clock that afternoon a little breeze had sprung up, and already the boats were visible re turning from their fishing trip. 1 lie heavens began to darken, and the wind was rising with an extraordin arily great sound. In another hour had much increased; the sky was more overcast, and it blew hard. Sweeping gusts of rain came up bef°re this storm like showers of steel, The waves on the horizon were like glimpses of another shore with towers and buildings. Heading for land in their small crafts, the sturdy men were seen braving the high watery walls as only a sailor knows how. When they were within a mile from the harbor, two of the boats capsized in spite of being bravely manned. Rising with the hills, the crew was seen struggling desperately for life, clinging to the mast and rigSing. They beckoned and shouted for help, but their shouts and cries were of no avail to their compan ions, who were trying in distress to

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THE BLACK AND RED. reach the shore. The life-boats had been manned bravely, but could do nothing. A loud piercing cry was audible from the struggling men even above the wind and water, and in the next moment a high, green, vast hillside of water swept over the wreck and carried the unhappy men into the boiling surge. Three of the boats had safely en tered the harbor, and the other was heading for the pier with great celerity, when a roaring gust of wind rent the main sail and beat the captain from his post. But one of the crew, who had not lost his pres ence of mind, grabbed the tiller and in so doing saved the boat from cap sizing. When the boats landed at the dock, these men, with weather beaten faces, nearly frozen to death, stared at one another and shook their heads. Never before had they seen the like of this storm. The next morning when the storm had abated the life-boats went out to tow in the overturned boats and look for those who were now resting in their watery graves. Though they dragged the lake for miles, they found but one, who in his death agony had tied himself to the mast, hoping in this way to be saved from the fathomless deep. Never will this horrible scene be obliterated from the minds of those who have witnessed it. Among the group of people who had congregat ed on the beach were seen moaning women, whose husbands were fight ing with death; children huddling together and peering into older faces. Even the grizzled old sailors shook their heads as they looked

from water to sky, and muttering to one another, while the roaring breakers seemed to laugh satirically. Yea, many a slepless night of wor rying and fretting is spent by the faithful wife of the seafarer. God only knows when he shall meet his fate. CARL KLUENDER, n.

A Mother s Love A mother and her son are seat ed at the supper-table. She is all in tent upon serving him and must be assured that his appetite gets all it craves for, although she is thereby neglecting her own appetite. By the appearance of his clothes and face her son has just finished a hard day’s labor. He can not be over sev enteen years of age and would be a handsome-looking lad, but for a tired and over-worked expression pn his face. “Mother,’’ he suddenly burst forth, “this work is half killing me and I don’t think I can stand it any longer.” “Yes, my son,” she interposed, “I can see that, but what are we to do? You are the only support I have left. And where will we obtain food if you quit. God knows that if our good father were living, you would get an education that would put you above manual labor, but now we must take it as God has destined it should be.” “No mother, I have in mind to go to Manitoba, where I hear they arc short of hands to reap the harvest, and get a job.” “And leave your mother here

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lonely to worry over her son, who is far away in that wilderness.” “You don’t look at the right side of it, mother. There I will get more pay and easier work and I can always send home a good share of my earnings.” They argued in this manner until she reluctantly consented to let him go. Manitoba offered good opportunities and Jack was doing fine there, until two friends enticed him to go along to Alaska in search of gold, They had not been in Alaska over a week when they actually did strike a vein of gold. This luck looked fine to Jack and he had ambitious plans as to what he would do with it, but other things were too tempting,

any. They asked him his reason for refusing, but he wouldn t tell them. They took the refusal in an altogeth er wrong meaning and left, biting their teeth with rage, That night in a small house on the outskirts of the city a mother was sitting at the window and praying fervently to God. Suddenly a loud and deathly groan makes her shrink together. Then rallying her senses together, she rushes outside to see where it came from. There in the pale moonlight she can just discern an outstretched arm protuding from the shadow of a building. She dashes to the spot and with considerable effort draws the limp form of the young man into her house, where she deposits him on the lounge. Lighting the lamp, she hurries to * * * * * * * dash cold water on the bloody face. Suddenly she recognizes the featFive years later we find Jack and Ures. “My son! My son!” she cries his friends gambling and spending and drops over him in a convulsion their money in revelry. Jack, who 0f tears. He opens his eyes. Me sees had never neglected his mother at her. “Mother!” he murmurs, and first, had almost forgotten her now. they embrace. The next morning He had not seen her since that day brings everything back to his memhe had left for Manitoba. ory. His own friends had robbed The mother was almost grieved to him ! His mother, the only faithful death. She prayed day and night friend, had remained by his side all that God might have pity on her son night. Jack fell to her feet overand save him. She had heard that powered with grief, he was in Chicago, but, although “Mother,” he said at last, “I have she had dared to enter some of the still five thousand dollars in the worst houses in search of him, she bank. They shall be yours. And had never got a sight of him. The never again shall I do other than time had not come yet. what your dear soul advises. God One night Jacks friends gambled forgive me!” away their whole fortune and, seeThe mother was so happy that she mg themselves in a great pinch, could only put her arms around him in and a in «M son! came to Jack for help. Jack had a and prospect in view that night, for M son’” which he needed a large sum of WALTER PANKOW, ’12. money, and would not give them

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THE BLACK AND RED Published Moathly by (be Students of the Northwesters University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, Ml BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, Ml PAUL FROEHLKE, M2

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, M » HENRY HEISE, M J WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, Ml WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Lltorary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All Horary matter should be addressed to the Kdltor-ln-Chiof and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents por annum, payable in advance. Singie copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red is forwarded to ail subscribers until order for its discontinuation is received and until ail arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postofflco of Watertown, WIs., as second-class matter.

IMTOMHAL

With this number, the first of Vol. XIV., the Black and Red pass es into the hands of a new staff. It bids farewell to a staff that has brought it to a standard never be fore attained. The editors worked earnestly for the welfare of the pa per, and their efforts were not left uncrowned by success. The former staff increased the paper to the vol ume of a veritable magazine, replete in instructive essays set off by in teresting stories. Their strongest point probably was their editorials, which showed, as one exchange has

it, “that there was brains behind them.” Of such high order was their work and so unceasingly were their efforts for our college publication that we may well ask, “dare we take up their work; can we follow in their footsteps?” But did the editors accomplish all this alone? We can gladly say that the student body, the alumni and professors all willingly lent their aid to make the Black and Red a student publication that we can be proud of. But did everybody work right? We must admit that there are still some who worked their

THE BLACK AND RED. in the campaign in the Wilderness, their final reward was well worth all the long hardships they had en On the other hand, it was dured. Braddock’s impatience that brought about his defeat and cost him his life. Therefore do not become fretful if things do not go as you think they should; be patient and take things as they are, then the outcome will be well. But if you set yourself in opposition to the course of the world, do not be surprised if you are crushed under the wheels of Pro gress. “Patience is the art of hop ing.” I-Iope, and do not despair. Pa tience and optimism and synony mous. A person who hopes for the best, even though he thinks that there is mismanagement somewhere, will always see the bright side of a question and thus make himself agreeable to other persons. Besides, you will thus make life more pleas ant for yourself. Impatient people, always trying to better the world by grumbling and fretting, are thus only making life miserable for them selves and souring their own temper. Notice Therefore, be patient, or in other President A. F. Ernst’s article, words, hope, be an optimist! “Warum und wie sollen wir lesen?” will be concluded in the May num ber of the Black and Red. Our Library For the cut for the literary de partment we are indebted to Mr. Although our library is not very Max Cowalsky, Prep. spacious and not equipped with ta bles and chairs, and for this reason does not offer the usual comfort that is found at more modern libraries, Patience it is no reason why we should not “Patience is bitter but its fruit is go there and at least acquaint oursweet.” The truth of this saying has selves with its contetns. already often been proved. Although But when shall we find time to go Grant and his army suffered much in the library? There are plenty of

mouths more than their brains and fingers—in other words the “knock ers.” The co-operation of all the friends of the paper gives us assurance en ough to let us venture forth to con tinue in the steps of our predeces sors. As to the “knockers” we shall try to follow the policy hitherto kept up, simply ignore them. Their little hammer gives them some ex ercise, which ought to be consider ed a benefit; they will probably gain strength and overcome their peev ishness. We feel no small misgivings in tak ing upon us the management of a magazine which is by no means a sinecure, though perhaps a cynosure. We are fully aware of the manifold responsibilities and the hard work which our new duty brings with it, but if students, alumni and professors all help we can still hope for a bright future for our Black and Red.

THE BLACK AND RED. spare moments that can be used for this purpose if we make it our object to dispose of them in this way. What good will it do to spend a few mo ments in looking over so many books? These few moments every day will in time show good results. The good arrangement of the books makes it an easier task and if taken up in certain order it will not be so difficult as it seems at first. One should make it his object to look over all the books that treat about one branch. Impress a few points about the author and a few facts about each book on your mind. It" this work is diligently kept up one can readily find material when a topic is assigned or can find abund ant material for compositions, speeches and the like. In short visit the library and do away with the such questions as, “Where can I find material for this subject or where can I read up on this incident?” Work With a High Aim If you would have your work crowned with success, it is quite essential to have a definite aim in life, for experience has taught that if you aim at nothing, you will ac complish nothing. On turning the pages of history we find numerous examples of men accomplishing al most incredible deeds of bravery and honor, and in the face of the most formidable circumstances, but only because they worked with de termined efforts and concentrated energies. Concentration is neces. sary. You may have the most dazz-. ling talents, but if your energies are

scattered you will accomplish nothDismiss from your minds all mg. ideas of succeeding by luck or trust ing to the spur of the moment, thinking that something will turn up by which you can acquire fame and fortune. Pluck is worth more than luck, and the current of mere chance is treacherous and unsafe. It is true that at times wealth and honor have been obtained by mere chance, but their value is seldom appreciated and besides, what comes by chance will always go by chance. The greatest fortunes ever accumu lated were the fruits of the greatest It is quite easy to drift exertion. down the stream of time, but quite another thing to stem an unfavor Give the course that able current, you have chosen your whole atten tion and you will be on the right road to success in spite of the many and great incidental discomforts of Look up facts concerning fame. your work and the elements of suc cess and you will surpass your list less fellow every time. Not every man will tread the stony path of ambition to the goal of popular note, or achieve a de sired end. He will not always afford such solid benefits to his country on which history loves to pause, but if he will make use of the gifts and forces God has given him, he will do honor to himself and his counResolved to do this he trymen. will carve out for himself a name to be remembered, and it is to be noted that only in strenuous endeavor lays redemption of the past and salvation and that “Not failure but low aim is crime.”

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COSLEESE HQTES N. W. U. Qyartette The readers of the Black and Red, and especially those who are lovers of vocal music, will be interested to learn that the vocal quartet is still in existence. Semi-weekly rehearsals have been held quite regularly since the beginning of the school year. Despite the anxiety expressed in the June number of the Black and Red that, perhaps, it would be un usually difficult to organize anoth er vocal quartet at our institution, the opinion seems to be that the singing of the present quartet is equal, in every, particular, to the singing of the last year’s quartet; some maintain that it is even better. The most common complaint ex pressed by directors of choruses and glee clubs is that they find few good tenors. This is undoubtedly due to the changeable weather here in the Northwest, as no scarcity of tenors is found in either Germany or Eng land. However this may be, the quartet was very fortunate in secur ing Otto Hohenstein for their first tenor. Although he has had no pre vious experience in quartet singing, he has more than upheld the tradi tion of the N. W. U. vocal quartet. He has a powerful and sweet voice. Carl Kluender has been a member of the quartet for several years. As he is a natural singer, it would be a difficult matter to find a better sec ond tenor. At the first test it could be noticed that Walter Pankow’s voice blended perfectly with the others. The blending of the voices is of the utmost importance in quar-

tet singing. A singer may do good work in a chorus and nothing ob jectionable may be found in his voice, but whether he would be able to sing in a quartet, would depend somewhat on the quality of the tone It and the colour of the voice, might not blend perfectly with the other voices and a poor harmony would be the result. The quartet made its first appear ance in public on Luther’s Birthday. Knecht’s “Jehovah” was rendered. On Washington’s Birthday they sang “Dixie” by Foster and “The Old Brigade” by Parks. The audi ence demanded an encore for each piece, and the quartet responded with a college song and “Spin, Spin” by Juengst. During Lent the quartet sang at St. Mark’s church. “O Lamm Gottcs unschuldig” by Decius and “Pas sions Gcsang” (O bone Jesu) by Pa lestrina were sung. There is no finer music than these old Chorals. What a depth of religious feeling they contain! Much of the secular music is undoubtedly good, but it cannot be compared with sacred music, be cause sacred music strikes the heart. At the present time the quartet is rehearsing several difficult pieces. They intend to render Mendelsohn’s “Wasserfahrt” and Kjerulf’s “Brautfahrt in Hardanger” at the annual concert on May 6th. For the Saengerfest, which is to be held in Wa tertown on June 12th, they are pre paring “Kyrie” by Foelmer, and the “130th Psalm” by Noetsch. It is very gratifying to notice that so many students are taking such

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great interest in vocal music at our Werner fulfiilled all the duties of institution. Much of this interest this responsible position with credit, has been awakened by the present assigning to the different editors director of the male chorus, Prof. various subjects for short talks. Mr. Albert Kuhn, who has labored in Berg spoke of the difficulties en cessantly to arouse the youthful countered in editing such a paper spirit of the students. That he has as ours and gave wholesome advice been successful is proved by the to the new members of the staff, fact that almost every class has its telling them how to assist their own quartet or octet. The writer chief. Mr. R. Ziesemer, as businessknows of a time—not so many years manager touched on the financial ago cither—when no male chorus or side of the work, showing that it even a quartette could be found in is impossible for a college-paper to the entire college. Happily these flourish without the support of the conditions have changed for the bet alumni. These serious talks were ter, but we have by no means reach followed by shorter ones, which ed the limit of our possibilities. usually took a humorous turn. Var 'Phe untiring effort and never- ious toasts were proposed, among flagging interest of the students, as which was one to Mr. Henry well as of the leaders, now interest Schroeder, a former editor, who was ed in the musical affairs of our compelled to leave the staff on ac school, makes it almost certain that count of injuries he received last the good work will go on and that spring. Those editors who belong the co-operation of all toward the ed to the choir joined in singing common goal will insure for North several songs, thus adding to the western a brighter future after this pleasures of the evening. bright present in its progress in mu , The following editors were pres C. B. sic. ent: Ehrenfried Berg, Reinhardt Ziesemer, Malcolm Whyte, Carl Dornfeld, Immanuel Frey, Arthur Banquet Werner, Fred Schweppe, Win fried On the evening of March 12th the Schaller, Paul Froehlke, Walter departing editors of the Black and Schumann, Frank Reier, Walter Mr. Red were entertained by the newly Hillmer, and Edmund Reim. appointed staff. The hostess, Mrs. Henry Heise was absent, as he was Koeninger, had set the table with a compelled to go home before time mountain of danties; in addition to by a painful inflammation of the this, the dining-room had been eyes. tastefully decorated. One feature of the decorations attracted special at Literary Societies tention, a representation of the On March 12th the Lyceum Lit North Pole, which both Cook and erary Society held its last meeting Peary were striving to reach. The old editor-in-chief, Mr. E. befroe Easter. The master of cere Berg, proposed his successor, Mr. monies, Mr. F. Reier, had arranged A. Werner, as toastmaster. Mr. the following program:

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Quartette of ’12 Song W. Gutz Recitation, Heimatlos Recitation, Gesang der Geister ueber dem Wasser.. .Schoenicke Comic Selection, Sumtinks of my Marohn Life in Americay Declamation, Monolog Wallen steins W. Reinemann Recitation, Wie schoen leuchtet der Morgenstern Bade Declamation, Spartacus to the Roman Gladiators at Capua.. ..........J. Ruege Recitation, So einer war auch Er ......................................... T. Gamm Dialogue, Die Vogelorgel................. T. Schliepsieck, W. Keibel, L. Koeninger, E. Martin, G. Thrun, W. Wietzke Mr. O. Plath was appointed critic, The society also decided to have two more meetings after Easter. On April 2d the Philomathean Literary Society held its regular meeting. Although the time since Easter was very short, A. Berg had prepared an acceptable program, which was very well rendered. The musical number beginning the pro gram brought forth a storm of ap plause. .A former student, Mr. Beck mann, was appointed critic; he ren dered his criticism in an able manner. The program in full is given below: ;; Violin Duet.C. Kluender, A. Hanke Der Sprachunterricht... .E. Quandt You Cannot Conquer America.. i; C. Schweppe Liebestandelei .. .W. Thrun The Corsican Not Content ;l . .A. Werner Die treue Schwester. ..C. Baerwald ...A. Hanke Tells Tod I. Schroeder Oronta

Arbor Day March 31st was Arbor Day at Northwestern. Although it was cloudy when morning broke and a cold wind was blowing, the weath er later in the day proved to be all that could be desired. According to old custom the Sophomores with the help of Dr. Ott planted some trees of new varieties, a European ash, a European birch, and a sweet chestnut, and shrubs, also removing some trees that outlived their usefulness as shade-trees. The Freshmen as sisted the members of the baseball team in leveling the diamond and preparing it for play. The members of the Preparatory Department raked the lawn and cleaned the flower-beds, giving the entire park an appearance that agreed with the season. At ten sharp lunch was served from the kitchen; needless to say it could not long hold out against the onslaught of the boys, as their appetite had been whetted by a morning of hard work. As all the work was done by noon, the rest of the day was a holiday.

Donations The Sophomores have voted a sum of money to buy three tuningforks for the physical laboratory. The intention is to get a complete set; the first ones were donated last year by the class of Ti. After East er the copy of Wislicenus’ “Luther auf dem Reichstage zu Worms,” which had been framed by the Juniors, arrived and was hung in the hallway of the Recitation Hall.

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Fire Brigade Shortly before the Easter recess A. Berg, who had previously been elected to organize a fire-brigade, appointed the following officers: A. Berg, chief. L. Mahnke, assistant chief. First floor—F. Schweppe, captain, Reinemann, Bruns, Reier. Second floor—E. Berg, captain, Frey, Sclilei, Burk. Third floor—Lehmann, captain, Krubsack, Masch, Ruege. Hose brigade—Hanke, captain, Molthan, C. Schweppe, Eggert. Likewise several were appointed to wake sleepers, should there be a night alarm. The object of this organization is to prevent another such a panic as was to be seen at the explosion of last year, to guide the boys safely down the fire escape, to fight the fire, and to save property. As yet the necessary apparatus is lacking, but it is to be hoped that the board will supply some hose and also fur nish an alarm-bell. Until then imag

inary hose and the chapel-bell must do service at drill. We also think that a fire-escape on the north end of the building is an absolute neces sity. If, as things are now, a fire should break out near the center of the hallways, all the boys living on the north end would be entirely cut off from escape. Shortly after Easter Chief Berg began with the drills. Lawrence Concert The Watertown concert of the Lawrence Glee Club on Friday, April 8th, was attended by a large number of N. W. U. students and co-eds. The program was designed to please and amuse the audience, and the repeated calls for encores showed that the Glee Club succeed ed in its object. The N. W. U. pen nants on the stage and the cheers given by our boys for the visitors testified for the good feeling exist ing between Lawrence College and our own Alma Mater.

©K EIEHOS OMNUBEJS Census of 1910 The ordinary citizen does not re gard a census as a matter of very great consequence and he concerns himself little with it. Viewed by itself it is of comparatively little in terest. Its significance, however, ap pears when its results are compared with what has already been ascer-

tained. There are three stages in ev ery census: first, the collection of material; second, its tabulation and analysis; thirds, its publication. The collection of the material in volves all the plans, necessary there fore : division into districts of super vision, the division of the supervis ors’ districts into proper enumera tion districts, and the preparation

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of all blanks, instructions, and para tabulation and analysis of the ma phernalia for the supervisors and terial. In analysing the material expert For every congresenumerators, sional district, there is usually a su mcn are needed. These men must be pervisor. One of the duties imposed able to determine from the state upon the supervisors is the designa ment whether they are reasonably tion of suitable persons to be em correct or not. Very often they find ployed as enumerators within their errors on the reports sent to them, respective districts. These enumera such as these: this acre of land tors must be selected with reference yields two hundred bushels of corn, to fitness and without reference “to where they positively know, there their political party affiliations.” can only be twenty at the most. Or The enumerators as well as the su they find, that a child one year old pervisors take a rigid oath, binding will be entered as “married.” Errors themselves to perform and discharge such as these mentioned arc uninthe duties intrusted to them, accord tentionally made by the enumerat ing to law, honestly and correctly, ors, either in adding one cipher too and to the best of their ability. Their much to a number, or in transport duties are naturally very arduous. ing an answer from one column to The facts usually embraced in cen another one. Alter having analysed sus inquiries relate to personal de the work, the third step in censusscription, nativity, citizenship, occu taking begins, that of its publication. pation, and education. The results of the census arc pub In the census of agriculture and lished in two volumes containing to manufacture special agents are ap gether over two thousand pages. In pointed directly by the Director or our first enumeration, that of 1790, by the employees of the Census Bu a pamphlet of some fifty pages suf reau specially detailed for that pur ficed. The entire work of census pose. In these censuses enumerators taking in that year was paid for must obtain the required informa with $44,500. In the enumeration of tion as to the products, wages, cap 1890 over $ti,000.000 was expended. ital, material, and persons employed, Although all possible means are the quantity and kind of products, used in trying to get a correct cen for every farm in his district. The sus, nevertheless reports of some compensation paid to enumerators cities have been greatly exaggerat is in ordinary localities two cents ed. To remedy this fault, every citi for each inhabitant, and twenty to zen ought to give the right answers thirty cents for each farm reported. to the questions of the enumerator. After the enumeration has been In this manner only, the end to a completed the second stage in the correct census can be attained. census-taking begins, that of the WALTER SCHUMANN.

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ALTUMMH Palestine Palestine is a subject which need not be commended for interest to those who are really Christians. To such it is the land of Israel and its prophets, the home of Jesus, the Christ. Should anyone need fur ther recommendation, it may be pointed out to him that Palestine was the cradle, the starting point of three of the greatest religions in the world today, Christianity, Juda ism, and Mohammedanism (this last, loo, is after all essentially a Palcstinean religion), religions, which from the time of their incep tion up to the present moment, have exerted the most powerful and tell ing influence upon the history of the world. If religion, even thus historically viewed, have no attrac tion for some, the interest of these will perhaps be aroused by the bloodstirring side of history, by a country which was the scene of much strife and battle and of many mighty deeds of valor. If so, then I defy them to find another Lit of land as small as this little strip of Syrian coast, hemmed in by desert sea, and great mountains, wherein so much stirring action is compress ed. I do not refer merely to the comparatively small wars and quar rels of the Israelites among them selves or with Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, Midianites, Syrians and other surrounding tribes or nations. What I wish to call your attention to is a fact often overlooked by peo ple who wrongly emphasize the iso lation of “the holy land.” This little dot on the map of Asia was in the

most ancient times the stamping ground and often the wrestling arena of the great rival worldpowers, Babylonia and later Assyria on the one hand and Egypt on the other. These were succeeded after a rather brief time of none too restful respite under the Persians, by the two great dynasties of the Diadochi or successors of Alexander the Great, the Seleucids of Syria and the Ptolemies of Egypt. After this, beginning within the very shadow of these, there follow in rapid succession the stirring times of the Maccabees, the wars of Herod the Great and the two marvelously fierce revolts of the Jews ending in their utter defeat and dispersion by the Romans. Shortly thereafter the wavering and finally losing struggle of the Byzantine Empire, first against the Sassanid Persians and then against the conquering Mo hammedan Arabs sets in and is fought out largely upon this soil, now hallowed in this peculiar fash ion. Then this bristling little land becomes the stage, whereon is en acted the futile, but bloody drama of the Crusades, after which the Ot toman invasion, various revolts and wars,—e. g. those of the Druses,— (i) The following essay is a di gest of a stereopticon lecture, given in the chapel of this university on the evening of Friday, Feb. 25. Tho the gist of the matter and the gen eral outline in which it was there presented is retained, the precise words, freely spoken, often in close connection with the pictures shown, cannot of course be repeated.

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the campaign of Napoleon and that of Ibrahim Pasha carry us to the present day. And even now, as was my fortunfe—good or evil, as you will—in some measure to ob serve, there are in this little back water eddy of the world’s history more feuds and quarrels and bloody bickerings between brother and brother, between family and fami ly, or even between village and vil lage,—than in our own renowned state of Kentucky—Should all this be insufficient to rouse your appre ciative attention, you may still be reminded of the extraordinary var iety of the natural features and phenomena of this tiny patch of ground. If you want to see rolling, maritime plain, fertile, loamy low’and, sandy desert, jagged, rocky ills and mountains interspersed vith the most amazing labyrinth of canyons and gulches, now dry, ster ile and forbidding, now green, fer tile, laughing with running water,— a seabottom for the most part laid dry,—the climate of eternal snow and that of the equator correspond ing plant and animal worlds,—all these brought together by nature herself like a great world’s fair into the area of a largesized, American county,—there you must go. This brief, rapid survey by way of introduction makes perfectly clear, it seems to me, that Palestine is not only an exceedingly interest ing subject for lecture or essav, but also a vastly large one, much too large for any one to even begin to cover it in a few pages of this maga zine. Therefore I shall not attempt to cover it. All I shall try to do will be to cast a few searchlight rays in to various nooks and corners, over a number of noteworthy features, upon a few of the gems and jewels of this compact little Arabian Nights treasure house, so as to set the

reader to exploring further, to thinking, reading and studying over it for himself. Thinking (2) read ing and study may not be as popu lar a sport as baseball, football, etc. But if it is not, it deserves to be come so. It may be “caviar to the general,” but you may rest assured, that, once you have come to know and like it, you will find it quite as fascinating, exhilirating and excit ing, as anything else you may have tried. To start you toward this pleasant goal, in so far at least, as the subject of Palestine is concern ed, shall be the chief object and aim of this essay. With this in mind we shall now try to get a glimpse or two of the land itself. First of all it is neces sary, of course, to get before your mind’s eye as clear and comprehen sive a geographical picture as pos sible of the whole country. To this end a raised or relief map of Pales tine is, if not absolutely neces sary, certainly the best possible means. (3) Taking a general, coni(2) I purposely do not use “thoughtful,” because by much thoughtless use in many minds its force is largely worn away and weakened. (3) There should be one or more of these in every school and college and in every private home that can afford it as well. The best are the large one of the Englih Pal estine Exploration Fund and the smaller production o fthis by Prof. Ernest DeWitt Burton of the Univ. of Chicago. Tho it cannot take the place of these, still useful in its way and within the reach of every purse is the small pasteboard relief map of Palestine by F. v. Albrecht, man ufactured by the Central School Supply House of Chicago. (5 cents apiece.)

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Going from south to north we pass first thru the section of the land best known as Judaea. On the extreme south, really a part of the desert claimed by Palestine, steppeland partly level, partly broken, lies what is called in the Old Testa ment the Negeb, probably meaning "the dry land.” Immediately north of this the complexion of the country changes. The westernmost part of this section is a broad stretch of level, lowlying plain, except for the sandduncs immediately on the shore of the sea and extending from 1—3 miles inland, for the most part ex 'Phis is the anceedingly fertile, cicnt Philistia, to which the name Palestine was first applied. (5) Between this and the mountains of Central Judaea a strip of rolling foothills is interposed, probably the Shcphclah <4* the Old Testament,— the debatable ground between Juda and the Philistines, fertile and de sirable, but difficult to hold against an enemy who is about your match, 'i'he craggy, rugged highland of Ju daea proper rises to a well defined ridge or comb, which forms a water shed running north and south fairly thru the middle of the land. It is higher, wilder, more rugged, yet in terspersed, too, with a number of very fertile slopes and valleys, in the south, about Hebron,—somewhat lower and a shade less broken in its northern half, about Bethlehem and Jerusalem. To the eastward it soon shades off into the Desert of Juda, a wild, arid, labyrinthine hidingplace of outlaws, criminals and thieving bedouin, whose ragged (3) It is first found in literature in Herodotus I. 10^: II. 104, 106; III. 5, 91; IV. 39; VII. s9.

prehensive look at one of these or vizualizing as best you may the representation of some good phy sical map, you will find that the sur face formation looks much as tho you had seized a piece of paper near one edge in the left hand, the thumb lying above and flat along the edge and in a similar manner near the middle with the right hand, and then by rapidly approaching the two hands nearer together had pro duced a much wrinkled upward crease near the left edge and a deep downward crease be tween this and the middle. And that is what has actually happened in one fashion or another to the earth’s crust in the formation of Palestine. Going from West to East you have first an edge of low, sea shore land, rather broader at the south, rapidly narrowing as you go northward until at times it disap pears altogether, then a crinkly, wrinkled mountain ridge, running North and South, then, parallel with this, the deep depression of the Jordan Valley with Lakes Huleh and Tiberias on one end and the Dead Sea on the other, from which the land rises abruptly on its west side to form at the top a plateau, here and there broken by mountainous spots and stretches and this continues westward, until it shades off into the desert. (4) (4.) It may be of interest to observe that this formation continues upward thru Syria in the Lebanon and Anti Lebanon ranges with Coele Syria between and downward in the " mountain-country ending in Sinai, the ’Arabah and the Mts. of Edom.

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hills finally drop away into the deep, evil sink of the Dead Sea only to rise again abruptly on the other side, transformed into the fertile plateau of Moab, here and there dotted with hills and mountains, and creased by three deep and wildly beautiful can yons or wadys, of which the middle one, the Arnon, at least, should be noted for historical reasons.—Sam aria to the observant eye distinctly separates itself in its general, phy sical character from its sister Juda. The maratime plain, here the plain of Sharon, narrows perceptibly, coming to a point at the headland of Carmel, the Shcphelah disappears, the mountains of Ephraim, even in the southern half, below Mt. Gerizim, loose the distinctive central ridge, and in the northern half, from Ebal upward, branch out fan wise into various directions, most mark edly into the ridge of Carmel on the west and the balancing heights of Gilboa on the east. There is more variety, less rigid isolation than in Juda, also less sterility, more water. The bubbling brooks of Nablus, an cient Shechem, and the resulting greenness all thru the great pass between Mts. Ebal and Gerizim are a delight to the eye and ear and the parched skin of the traveler who comes from dry, waterless Jerusa lem. The desert on the east, like the Shephelah on the west, has van ished, and the deep cleft of the Jor dan valley at times expands and reaches up into the mountains in fertile, baylike valleys, at times is compressed into the narrowest com pass by the close crowding crags. East of the Jordan Gilead, too, loses the rather well defined plateau character of Moab, and becomes more variegated, up and down, here

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.and there wooded, rather more beau tiful as a whole. It is cut in two by the deep wady of the Jabbok, whose winding upper course is well worth following out on the map.—Samaria is separated from Galilee by the deepest, widest wrinkle or depres sion in the great upward crease of Palestinean highland to which ref erence was made above. This is best known under the name of Plain of Esdraelon or Jczrcel. Tts soil is a black loam, moist to swampiness in places, but upon the whole some of the richest land in Palestine. Thru it creeps the winding, treacherous This is balanced on the Kishon. other side of the Jordan by this river’s greatest tributary, the Yarmuk (Hieromax), whose course forms the most beautiful valley of the land. It enters the Jordan just south of the Sea of Galilee.—Galilee itself is again mountainous; in fact, it is but one solid block of moun tain-country. There is almost no lowland on the coast and, of course, no room for any desert between the mountains and the Jordan valley. The southern half is lower, its hills softer in outline, a smiling, pleasant land.—the northern is the highest, most difficult and broken mountain The Jordan countrv in Palestine. above Lake Huleh (6) is spread out fanwise in its sources (the chief 3 are the Banias, the Lcddan, and the Hasbany rivers) and creates some very swampy, marshy ground in(6) This is sometimes called Lake or Sea Merom on the basis of an identification of this spot with “the waters of Merom” Josh XI: 5.7. The identification is, to say the least, extremely doubtful.

THE BLACK AND RED. mediately above the lake. This is one of the few places in the Orient, where the papyrus plant still flour ishes, tho the natives no longer use it to prepare writing material, use less for them, but mats to sleep on and as a covering for their huts. The west side, after a bit of rough, hilly ground, in the nature of foot hills to Mt. 1 Ferinon on the north, is passed, resumes the level, plat eau character of Moab, but sends out a much larger, bulging bay of fertility into the desert. From here came the famed ‘bulls of Bashan,” and from here to this day highly modern railway trains and stately camel caravans with the flavor and dignity of the antique about them, their packsaddles ornamented with the queer, high, tasseled cap in the rear which marks them as coming from this region, carry the wheat of the Hauran far and wide. All of this northern country is more or less volcanic, with much black, basalt rock in evidence, while all the rest of the land, except for a few volcan ic spots about the Dead Sea, es pecially cast of it, shows a grayish white limestone formation, until you come to the red and pink sand stone often beautifully lined and colored, of Edom in the far south. Before leaving this phase of the sub ject one other feature of the physic al formation of Palestine should not be overlooked, and that is its bleak, unbroken coastline, offering no real site for a harbor. The near est approach to one is the broad, sweeping bay between Haifa and Acco, just north of Carmel. The necessitv of so describing this site leads me to remark further, that it will be well for eve

terested in the subject, aside from the physical geography of the coun try, to fix in his mind the location some ten or a dozen of its chief cit ies, e. g. Gaza, Jaffa, Caesarea, Haipa, Acco (and Tyre and Sidon) on the coast, Beersheba, Hebron, Beth lehem, Jerusalem, Nablus (ancient Shcchem )and near it Samaria (Sebaste), Jezreel, and Nazarteh along the backbone of the land, and Jeri cho, Tiberias and Banias (ancient Paneas, better known as Caesarea Philippi) in the Jordan Valley. All of these, with the single exception of Banias, are west of the Jordan,— and to this western country, which from many points of view may be conceived of as Palestine proper, we shall now have to restrict ourselves, if this article is not to run quite be yond all bounds. With these well in mind the reader will be able more intelligently to follow the historical outline about to be given and to build up for himself by further read ing, (which should always be done map (7) in hand) a more compre hensive knowledge of this fascinat ing subject. The history of Palestine might (7) Aside from the relief maps above mentioned the. best maps are G. A. Smith and Bartholomew, Map of Palestine, Edinburgh 1902 and Fischer und Guthe, Kark von Palaestina, Leipzig, 1905 or the map Palaestina from E. Debes’ Neuer Hand Atlas, Wagner f Debes, Leip zig .separately obtainable). The ad mirable maps in the latest editions of Baedeker’s Palestine and. Syria (English or German) will also be found serviceable.

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have been dealt with in connection with its physical features, by set ting forth the relation of the two to each other as cause and effect, much as has been done in the excel lent book of George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy But since there are not a Land. few historical events and processes, which cannot without violence be shown to have their cause, certain ly not their sole cause, in physical features or formations of the ground, and since in other cases the inter relation of the two is highly com plex and demands lengthy explana tion, it was deemed best in this short essay to maintain sharpness of outline by keeping the two dis Thus the histinctly separate, tory of Palestine is to be surveyed here on the ground of its chief con tent, which is also the chief element in its making, the rise and fall of culture. In the course of this history, from the earliest times of which we have adequate records up to the present, we may roughly distinguish four periods of flourishing culture, more or less distinctly separated by peri ods of decay. The first, which we may call the Canaanite period, falls before the time of Israel, in about the daj'S of the patriarchs, roughly C. 2000—iooo B. C. At this time, when Abraham, Isaac and Jacob roved thru the land we usually think of Palestine as a fertile, but rather sparsely populated, desolate coun try. If this be anyone’s conception he can do no better than disabuse his mind of the notion as quickly as possible. As a matter of fact the country was at that time as thickly populated as at any later period,

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and studded with well built cities, the inhabitants of which together with their surrounding dependancies reached along many lines a de cidedly higher state of culture than any exhibited by Israel, before it came in touch with the Greeks and Romans. Of course, there were then, as now and at all times of which we have knowledge, roving nomads, badawy or bedouin in the modern appellation, in the land. The story of the patriarchs, who were in their habits just such bedouin, shows that, as docs one of the first short stories known in the world’s literature, the talc of Sinuhe, the Egyptian, who, fleeing from Egypt northward, was passed by bedouin from tribe to tribe evidently thru a good portion of Palestine. (8). But remember on the other hand, the cities of the vale of Siddim, of which Sodom and Gomorrah are the best known, and the high walled cities which the invading Israelites encountered and some of which they found difficult to impregnability. And in supplement read some time some of the now celebrated Tell cl Amarna Tablets, if you have no bet ter, in Conder’s somewhat unreli able little book,—better in Hugo Wincklers English translation. They represent the official corres(8) For a translation of import ant sections of this tale see Prof. James H. Breasted’s Ancient Re cord of Egypt. This should be cor rected from a better text since come to light, so as to make Sinuhe’s destination in his flight not Edom, south of Palestine, as was formerly supposed, but Byblos, modern Jebel, north of Beyrout.

THE BLACK AND RED. pondence sent from the outside to Pharao Amenophis IV (Ikhnaton), C. 1375—1358 B. C. and discovered in a room of his residence, which was partially excavated at Tell el Amarna, about midway between Cairo and Luxor, in the years 1887-8. A large portion of this correspond ence consists of a series of letters, written like the rest on the clay tab lets and in the cuneiform writing of Babylon, but in a dialect which may for short be described as Canaanite (some find in it Aramaic elements), from a large number of city-kings or princes of Palestine (the King of Urusalim will be easily identified by any one), most of them calling upon the mighty Pharao for help against a threatening or actual in vasion complicated by internal dis orders. I cannot stop to enter into details,—but these letters certainly show a highly complex culture of long standing (it had been influenc ed by Babylon,—recall the writing —and by Egypt, to which the coun try was subject and with which it was in lively intercourse) and of no mean order, when so many could write so fluently and well so diffi cult a script, when cities were or ganized under fair government and trade and commerce flourished, even tho at that very moment hos tile invasion and concurrent revolu tion threatened to destroy the fabric. This one time flourishing civiliza tion has, of course, long since per ished from the face of the earth. Yet it has left its mark, distinguishable As he roves even on the surface, thru modern Palestine, the eye of the observant traveler will note here and there throughout the land no small number of knobs, hills with

softer outlines and of more regular formation than is usual in the phy sical contour of the rest of the land, “tells” the natives call them; just such outlines, as the crumbling ruins of a city, built upon the crown of a hill and buried under dust and ashes, would leave. And such a tell does practically always mark the site of a ruined, ancient city, and in most cases it is an old Canaanite • town, that has thus left itself a mon ument. This is not a mere conjec ture, but a fact which has been veri fied by the excavations of the Eng lish at Tell el Hesy (probably Lachish, Josh 10:13, 3, 31 ff et. al.) and Tell abu Shusheh (Gezer, Josh 10:13; 16:10, etc., Judges 1:29; 1. Kings 9:15 ff et. al) in the maratime plain and those of the Germans at Tell Taanach and Tell el Mutesellim (Megiddo) just south of the plain of Esdraelon (see Judges 5) and at Jericho (Josh 6:26 and thruout the old Testament passim). Of the evidences of a busy, thriving city life, whose narrow, crooked streets, tiny shops and small, dark, unsanitary houses and rooms seem mean to us modern Occidentals, but are thoroughly characteristic of the Orient, especially the Semitic Orient, of the Cyclopean walls, the high places and stone pillars (Maccebahs) and other paraphernalia of pagan worship, revealed in these explorations there is no space to speak. Such as would know more I must refer to the publications of the various excavators, excavating societies and investigators. For Am erican readers the best of the great wealth of literature on this subject might be the publications of our fel low American F. J. Bliss (e. g. The

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Development of Palestine Explora of the Canaanites. But Israel’s ltieration, New York, 1906) and those of ture is intimately bound up with its R. A. Stewart Macalister and others, religion, the one as unique as the much of which is to be found in the other,—and all we can say of the pages of the English Palestine Ex Canaanites is that no literature of ploration Fund’s Quarterly State theirs, except the casual letters mentioned above, and a few similar ment. Of the Israelite period, C 1000— ones discovered in the excavations 586 (the Babylonian captivity), or mentioned, has come down to us. perhaps better to 333-2 (the advent True, Israel attained to a centralized of Alexander the Great) less need government, and an independent poWe have of this period sition never achieved, so far as we be said. much more literature much more know by the Canaanites. But, on the widely known—in the Old Testa one hand, it was divine providence ment—than of the former. What we which shaped the course of history know of Israel’s culture as it was so as to make these things possible developed and as it flourished in the for Israel,—and on the other, when great Israelite cities of Shilo, Rama, the kind hand of this providence Gibea of Saul, Hebron, Jerusalem, was withdrawn, how long did all Shechem, Jezreel, Samaria, Dan and this last? Then, read some time, Beersheba, etc., the high points more carefully than you have prob which it reached under Solomon, ably done hitherto, the story of the Ahab, Jeroboam II., etc., can be Solomonic temple. I should not won gathered by anyone from the origin der, if you would be surprised to There are just a few find, first, that Solomon procured al sources, points, generally overlooked, to not only much of his building mater which I wish to call attention. Aside ial, but also not a few workmen, es from the Old Testament we have pecially overseers and planning, in but one other written source for our structing architects from Hiram of knowledge of this period,. the Siloam . Tyre,—and second, if you will stop (tunnel) inscription, which may be to figure out the dimensions given, found in the original tongue in the it will appear that this edifice, tho back of Gesenius’ Hebrew Gram splendid and magnificent for its time mar. (9) These sources, accurately, and place, and erected upon a build attentively read, reveal to us the ing site, second to none in the fact, that aside from the unique world for effectiveness, is much greatness of its religion, Israel’s cul smaller than most people think, ture along most other lines fell smaller than many of our great short of the level attained by the churches, not to be compared with preceding period. True, there is the temples and pyramids of the Israel’s literature, and there is none Egyptian Pharaohs.—Further, the Israelite walls uncovered at Gezer, (9) Perhaps the Mesha stele, bet probably built by Solomon,—and ter known as the Moabite Stone, such of the Israelite walls of Jerus may also be mentioned in this con alem, as have been explored, do not nection. show nearly the strength nor arch-

THE BEACK AND RED.

itectural skill, exhibited by the from the infamous murder of the in work of the Canaanites at Gezer or nocents at Bethlehem a sinister Jericho. Just what of the Israelite cloud of cruelty, especially in his period the Harvard excavations at dealings with the members of his Samaria have brought to light in own, by no means faultless family, last year’s working season I do not who were connected with the con know. So far only the general spiring Hasmoneans (or Macca statement has appeared in print, bees), does hang over his life. But, that Dr. Reisner believes to have —and this is a fact which impresses laid bare the remains of the Omri- itself upon the observant traveler Arab palace at this their capital city. on all sides,—not only in the lime Very probably even as this is going stone of the land, e. g. in the enor to print, Dr. Reisncr’s full report is mous blocks of the Herodian walls being published. What 1 saw at Sa about Jerusalem,—but also in much maria in 1908 and 1909, was the re marble and granite, now strewn all sult of the first season’s digging, over the countryside, he has left us and that brought to light chiefly a record of himself, of his clever work of the following,—the Greco- ness, energy and ability, which Roman period (568) 333—636 (the goes far to prove him truly Herod Arab conquest). This is the period the Great,—from a purely secular of the finest buildings, the best standpoint probably the greatest planned cities, of the famous Roman king Palestine ever had, bar none. roads, really well constructed and The temple which he built for the well kept, of the most flourishing Jews far outshone in splendor that traffic and commerce, in short, of of Solomon, In the Jordan valley the highest point of culture ever the impregnable fortress of Masada, reached in Palestine. And, of course, fine appointments at the hot baths 1 need only remind you in passing, of Calirrhoe, the finest Jericho ever that in this very place and period re built, with a magnificient water sup ligion, too, reached its high point, ply system, and other ruins bear not only for Palestine, but for the witness to the cunning of his hand. world,—in the advent of Jesus, the In the Judean desert, a few miles Christ.—Here again the very wealth southwest of Bethlehem, a queer of the material forces me to restrict cone now called the Frank Mt. was myself to a few points, not as gener once Herodium, his final resting ally or as well known, as they de place. In the hill country, in the serve to be. One fact which needs maritime plain and on the seacoast. bringing out, is that the greatest to name a few others, beside his builder, from a secular standpoint crowning achievements at Jerusa the greatest figure of this great peri lem, the finest portions of the great od in Palestine is the much-maligned mosque at Hebron, the great city of King Herod,—“Herod of Jewry,” Samaria-Sebaste, Antipatris and Plerod I., the Great. About the only Caesarea Palaestina (Strabo’s Tow thing that many of us ever hear of er), the only artificial harbor this Herod, is that he was a bad, worthy of mention, which Palestine cruel man. Granted! Even aside ever had,—all proclaim themselves

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the work of his creative genius. Re member along with all this his ener getic dealing, when a mere youth, with the strong and dangerous rob ber-bands of Galilee and with his carping critics in the great Jewish council or Sanhedrin thereafter,— his bold flight, bare of means, with a mere handful of followers remain ing true to him before the Parthian hordes allied with his enemies, the Hasmoneans, and how, in this evil plight, he turned at the spot later marked by the castle of Herodium, to signally defeat the vengeful Jews, who attempted to seize upon this opportunity to crush him in his weakness,—his successful appeal to Rome, his return and reconquest of the country that he might be its king,— his high-handed, but by no means ignoble dealings with Cleo patra, Anthony and Augustus, all of whom he succeeded in impressing with his efficiency,—read something of this as even his most unfair and hostile historian Josephus is forced to chronicle it,—and note withal the appreciation which this busy man found time to show for the fine treasures of Greco-Roman culture, '—and you cannot fail to see that there is much more in a true picture of Herod the Great, than the lew dark spots in his career by which so many are wont to judge him.— Another noteworthy thing about this period is the new kind of city which comes into being, the artificial city, if you please. This word articial has an evil sound, when placed over against natural growth. If that is your feeling about it in this con nection, then just walk some time thru the older, natural growth por tion of some of our larger cities, St. Paul, for choice, and when you

emerge from its senseless maze Of dark ,narrow, aimlessly wandering streets into the newer, artificially but also artfully planned and laid out sections, perhaps your opinion will be changed. So there is an arti ficial sameness about these new cit ies, founded by the kings and prince lings of the Greco-Roman world. There arc always the two streets of columns, intersecting at right angles to form an ornamental marketplace in the heart of the city. (io). But even this rigid framework, forcing the system of streets into regularity and demanding of its smaller sisters width and beauty in conformity with itself, bringing with it more or nate and more healthful and prac tical residences down to the very tenement sections, and accompan ied, as this framework always was, with beautiful theatres, temple, and other public halls, baths, nauniachias, etc., and making possible an effective drainage and water supply system. All this is surely an im provement on the ancient type of Semitic city of natural growth. Just one more word on the declining, By zantine third of this period. There can be no question, that the entrance of Byzantine upon the scene, here as elsewhere in the Roman world, marks the decline from the high point of Greco-Roman power and civilization. But this autumn, too, of the ancient world has in this fas cinating little land its great names. Origen (who adopted Palestine as (io) Even old Jerusalem was at one time decked out in this foreign finery, as the mosaic map discovered at Madeba and the Arabic name of the Damascus Gate, Bab el ’Amood, i. e. Pillar Gate, go to show.

THE BLACK AND RED. his home in the last and greatest period of his life), Pamphilus and Eusebius in literature, now Chris tian,—Constantine and Justinian, builders of the old basilica type of Christian churches (e. g. the church of the nativity at Bethlehem),—to give it lustre. Finally this period melts, almost imperceptibly, into the next,—the Arabic,—extending from 636, the Arabic conquest of Syria, to the present day. There stands forth as notable in this new Arabic world an initial era, showing flashes of real power and glory, when these sons of the desert not only learn from the conquered foe, but also add of their own, c. g. in the creation of a not to be des pised literature (think of the Arabian Nights), in the minaret, which was probably originally mod eled after the towers of ancient Babylon, and from which in turn we iearnt to build our church stee ples,—in the development of the peculiarly graceful Oriental arch and dome,—in the fine tile work with its beautiful tracery of Arabic letters. One of the finest produc tions of this period, indeed, one of the great architectural sights of the world, fell to the inheritance of Pal estine,—the great Dome of the Rock, usually wrongly named the Mosque of Omar, on the old temple area at Jerusalem. Several peculiar ities of this time are also worthy of mention. In any Arab-built wall or fortification you will notice at fre quent intervals pieces of round stone pillar built right into the wall and often jutting a few feet out. This is the result of the Arab’s learning, not wisely but too well, the old architectural maxim that a

pillar serves to give strength. At about this time, too, an incongruous, western element is thrust upon Pal estine’s Oriental soil in the castles and the castlclike structures of the Crusaders, a fine example of which, tho much ruined, may be seen at Athlit, just south of Haifa and Car mel. On the whole, however, except for such brief flashes of glory, the decline observed in the Byzantine age, goes on, until, with the pall of the Ottoman power spread over it, this once glorious little corner of the earth sinks to the very lowest levels of civilization. Only of re cent years with the entrance of mod ern peoples, Germans, English, Americans and French (n) and their practices and ideas, does a new era of upward movement seem to have set in. Whither this is leading, of course no one can yet tell. It is to be hoped, however, that no false conception of “the white man’s bur den” will lead these foreigners to eradicate, root and branch, all of the habits, customs and manners, which to us outsiders often seem so quaint, but of which so many really mark the individuality of this country and its people. On this head, just one word more in conclusion. No fair description, only a few hints can be given. When you see the Arab peasant or fellah preparing his land with the simple homemade plough, driving his camel, or his oxen, or his ox and ass yoked together with the longhandled oxgoad, with which he also (u) Some of the Jews, who of late years are flocking in remarkable numbers to Palestine, deserve to be mentioned here, also.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

now and then scrapes clean his plow that be your wish then I recommend share, sowing in the oldfashioned you, for the last point, to Philip Balway as he walks along with his densperger’s, The Immovable East, loins girt up,— when your eye falls now appearing in serial form since upon the women wading thru the 1903 in the Palestine Exploration standing grain to pluck the weeds Fund Quarterly. And if, as I dare for fodder and later in harvest time to hope, this little essay has suc reaping it, like Ruth’s companions, ceeded in awakening in you the de with their sickles and piling it up sire for further, for real knowledge for the homing upon camels, mules, on the subject of Palestine, then I •and donkeys in great, sweet smell venture to offer to you a little list of ing loads, when you watch the books, selected from the very great threshing oxen treading out the number extant, which I think you corn and later see the wooden, win will find both helpful and interest nowing fork toss grain and chaff ing. Aside from the literature men high into the morning air,—when tioned, in the body of the article, I you meet the women, with stately name for your selection, lie fore all carriage bearing home upon their the Bible, csp. the Old Testament. heads their burden of firewood, Aside from being the great religious their jars of water for the baking, book, this is one of the chief sources or when you find them grinding for a great period practically our their meal upon the handmill in the only source, for our geographical door of hut or tent,—when you and historical knowledge of Pales note the simple practical mantle, tine,—and withal easily accesiblc in the headcloth held in place by the good translations to all. Another Aghal, the wellknown, heavy, dou- sourcebook of great value, also to blewreath or ring, a form of dress, be had in translations, is Josephus’ nearly as old as the country,—when Works. Of descriptive works in the streets of the city you pass drawn from these sources there rcthe moneychanger’s tables and the mains to be mentioned: Bubliek. watersellers, carrying their water Then before the cheap German skins, and the artisans with home books: “A really highly commend made, simple tools plying their trade able antidote to mushy literature or with hands and feet together,— mushy feeling is Mark Twain’s, when all this and, much . ... , more of a New Pilgrims Progress (Innocents similar character breaks upon your Abroad, part m ” And at the end vision, then do you become con- «For illustrative purposes the best scions indeed that you are standing thi {or home and a useful acquisiupon the very soil which Saul and tion £or college and university are David Elijah and Isaiah, which the Underwood ami Underwood’s Sterofeet of Jesus trod upon. Would you scopic Views; Buhl, Geographic des have all this destroyed and replaced AUen palaestina; E. Schuerer, A at one fell swoop by the white ’ History of the Jewish People in the man s superior methods? I hope Time ^ christ fbest in the now apyou will rather be ready to stand by pearing 4th German edition) or the awhile and observe and learn. If smauer condensation of this in Shai-

THE BLACK AND RED.

ler Mathews, A History of New Tes the occasion made it the most suc tament Times in Palestine; Post, cessful gathering of the kind ever Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, attempted in our circles, Former Beyrout, 1896; two recent publica students separated by decades in tions of the Univ. of Chicago Press; matriculation, united in showing the Paton, Jerusalem in Bible Times unchangeable quality of love and apand Mastermann, Studies in Galilee preciation for the alma mater. The proceedings of the evening and, to mention something suit able for small, German pocket- . show more than mere comment can books and as a rule exceedingly well the high purposes and ideals which written, the little books of the this splendid, unselfish organization Sammlung Gocschcn or Natur und is striving to realize. The ordinary routine business, this time did not Geisteswelt and similar scries, e. g. G. Hoelscher, Landes und Volks- prove to be the bore such dry tabu kunde Palaestinas; M. Loetur, lations and reports usually are. Pres. A. D. Wurster’s opening remarks Volkslebcn im Lande der Bibel, etc. keyed up the hearers to such a pitch Finally I must mention the publica tions of one of the most deseiving that only subsequent outbursts and soundest missionary institu could convince one that they were tions I know, Sclmeller’s Syrisches able to show greater enthusiasm. Waisenhaus at Jerusalem, which of Pres. Wurster spoke of the general growth of the organization and also fers several very readable volumes of the steady advance in the project written by Ludwig Schneller and which the club has undertaken to one, Volkslebcn im Landes der Bi carry out—the erecting of a gymna bel, by L. Bauer. From this institu sium on the college grounds. He tion such as desire may also pur made public the names and amount chase at a very reasonable price all subscribed by friends of the institu kinds of little mementos in olivetion, and was so convinced of the wood or the black “Moses stone” permanency of the club and its op from the Dead Sea. portunities for helpful work that he suggested incorporation under the M. SPRENGLING, ’94. laws of the state of Wisconsin. This suggestion was subsequently acted upon. The treasurer’s report made by The Annual Smoker of the Mr. J. W. Damman, was also a very Northwestern Club human document, speaking as it did According to a custom of recent of the loyal support given by the years the former students of our members of the club. According to college in and about Milwaukee or the club’s principles, rotation in of ganized as the Northwestern Club, fice is observed. The new roster of held a smoker at the auditorium of officers, therefore, is made up of new Grace school on the evening of names—but all of them are familiar April 7th. The whole-souled enthu to friends of Northwestern. They siasm and college spirit shown on are: Dr. F. John, L. Ungrodt, E. :

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lioenecke, Prof. Ernst, Dr. Notz and Prasser, O. Walber, and Wm. E. Rickmeyer. The old Gymnasium Committee, however, was retained with Mr. A. C. Wurster, the genial President of the club of last year, as its head. With this hustling commit tee, supported by the new officers, in charge of affairs for another year, we look for great success in the fur therance of its task. In the rush of business the club demonstrated that it did not forget the debt of gratitude it owes the old friends of the institution, by electing to honorary membership Mr. Geo. Brumder, Sr., arid the Rev. J. Bading, senior member of the Wis. Sy 11od. In the enforced absence of Dr. John, who was to have acted as toastmaster, Rev. A. Bendler car ried out the duties of the office in his own inimitable way. lie had a wealth of material to choose from in making his calls, and to judge by the applause his selections seemed to be unusually happy. The list of speakers included the Rev. Gausewitz, Dr. A. Hoermann, Rev. D. others. All found abundant inspira tion for the occasion and there was not a dull moment during the whole evening. If business interrupted the

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festivities, it was of a kind that proved the enthusiasm of the meet ing; of this nature was a gift of $100 to THE ATHLETIC FUND. The Northwesern club, by its gen erous devotion to the cause of our Alma Mater, has won the love of ev ery friend of the college. May the good work go on, may it prosper, and may the good men who make its success possible feel repaid by the wholehearted gratitude of those who appreciate their noble work. M. Personals Geo. J. Leser, a quondam member of the class of ’io is now employed in the post-office of Flint, Mich. Alfred Hinz, who was a member of the Junior class till Feb. 5, is now staying in Appleton, where he is taking a business course at a night school.

Obituary Mr. Matthes, a student at the N. W. U. in ’/o's, died at Hustisford on April 3d. Mr. Matthes kept a general store at Ilustisford and at the same time occupied the po sition of postmaster of that town. <■

ATHLETICS Just as the weather conditions at this time of the year offer discus sion for the people in general, so also the baseball question is at pres ent agitating the minds of our loyal supporters of athletics.

What kind of a baseball team do you think we are going to have this season ? Who is going to hold down first base? Who is going to suc ceed Hoffmann at second, and who is going to occupy Eickmann’s va-

THE BLACK AND RED. cated berth at shortstop? Who will fill the vacancy left by our greatest fielder, O. Koch? These are ques tions with which the majority of the students unnecessarily encumber their minds. Notwithstanding that both the first and second teams have never before, within the past seven years, been in such crippled condition, Capt. Ziesemcr is of the opinion that his team is going to surpass the last year’s team by a big margin. Indeed, the best men of the last year’s team are not with us and we lament their loss, but fortunately we have promising candidates to fill the vacated positions fairly well. Owing to the fact, however, that the diamond is not in condition as vet, in order to have the candidates for the infield positions manifest their ability, the management is not in a position to give out a list of the names of the players who will con stitute the team. The men aspiring to the pitcher’s position arc A. Berg, I. Frey and W. Shumann. Probably the most difficult task confronting Capt. Ziesemer is whom to place on first base. Temporarily he has or dered Fred Schweppe to take charge of the difficult position. It appears, too, as though Schweppe will make good. The candidates for second base are W. Burk. C. Kluender and M. Whyte, while I. Frey, H. Koch and W. Wietzke are the contenders for the shartstop position. E. Berg, who so faithfully held down third base for the past three years, will again take charge of that territory. P. Lehmann, Schliepsiek, Masch, Neumann, Voigt, Bruns and C.

Schweppe are all candidates for fielder. Manager Kirchner has lost no time in arranging one of the best schedules in the history of baseball at our school. He is dickering with the University of Wisconsin and the University of Notre Dame, and it is probable that the game with the State University will be played on the 23d of April, with the Notre Dame game following for the ensu ing Saturday. The schedule: April 23—Open. April 30—Open. May 7th—Carroll College at Wa tertown. May 14th—Ripon College at Ripon. May 20th—Lawrence College at Watertown. May 21st—Lake Forest College at Watertown (?) May 28th—Whitewater Normals at Whitewater. May 30th—Alumni (Seminary) at Watertown. June 4th—Carroll College at Wau kesha. June nth—Ripon College at Wa tertown. In addition a game with Mar quette Universitv and Milton Col lege will most likely be played at Milwaukee and Watertown respec tively ; the dates, however, for these games are not as yet ascertained. Local games with Sacred Heart Col lege of Watertown and with the Watertown city team are being ar ranged and also a game between the Columbus High School and the N. W. U. second team.

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It is not without misgivings that WHITWORTHIAN (Taco m a, we approach our new task, when we Wash.) fails to arouse any enthus view the heavy responsibilities in iasm in us. As it is the first effort cumbent on an editor of the ex of a new staff, however, this might The greater change column. The success of our possibly be excused. worthy predecessor also seems a part of the paper consists ol society, thing difficult to attain. We shall class and athletic reports, while the however try to let these apprchen- literary division is but slimly represions act only as a spur to our work sented. Jhe Student Volunteer and shall endeavor to carry out Convention is the only article, and the object of this department with ^ie sty^e which that is written the required care. The aim of the frustrates any interest in a person criticisms shall not be to show our ”ot concerned in the movement superiority or even disdain for the Yol,r exchange column would ue of work of our contemporaires, but more service we think, if you , , . . , j j • would also attempt criticisms. S°my T°^rVnem ■ h The SUSQUEHANNA (SclingsThe LAKE BREEZE is a neatly Pa.), although of modes, outarranged paper. Your literary de- “ard appearance, deserves a high partment of the March number is rank the list of our exchanges, interesting, in part even fascinating, jte literary cou,mn in the March although there might be an essay or lll)mber lrcats lls w;th three solid two for the sake of variety. “Eileen essavs. 'Hie first on “Capital and O’Connor’s Banshee’’ is well gotten Education” is written in favor of up, clearly showing the customs on ^hc capitalists. The writer depreSt. Patrick’s day in Ireland and also cates too general criticism of the the peculiar superstitions among wealthy, as the good they do is far the common people. The plot in “My too great to be overlooked. It seems Working Mate” is not clearly de to us, however, that the introduc veloped. The description of sur tion to this essay leads up to a dis roundings and of characters inter sertation on the wrongs of both the fere too much with the progress of poor and the wealthy, while the the story. “The Whiffletree Murder” writer merely speaks of the wealthy, easily captivates one’s attention. The author of the second essay, on The story demonstrates how love, “The Source of Graft,” finds this which is not returned, in one case source among the students of turns to deadly hatred, and grows America, great numbers of whom but stronger in the other. After we are grafters cheating their way found vour editorial column, we through college and who later in thought it quite attractive. How life are literally forced by their igmeagre did that one oage look along norance to graft in business. The side of ten pages of literary matter! third essay, “The Industrial ProbThe February number of the lem,” treats of the conflict between

THE BLACK AND RED. employer and employee, and of at tempted remedies. The extensive reports on literary and other so cieties, also the long athletic notices indicate flourishing conditions at the school. After reading the March number of the SPECTATOR (Coffeyville), we were greatly disturbed by and not a little disappointed at the great amount of slang to be found in your paper. Barring perhaps the first two pages, all paragraphs smack de cidedly too much of the language of

the street. If you think slang neces sary to make the paper interesting, why not keep it in the joke column? The story “Uncle Rastus Sees the Devil” deserves mention, being by far superior to anything else in the paper. We can hardly say that your exchange column is neglected; for we see that your editor imagines it his duty lovingly to take some other contemporary that has been criti cised under his wing and to endeav or to refute that criticism,—all of which seems queer, to say the least.

LOCALS The Rev. Hocneckc of West Allis called on Justus Rucgc, ’13, on Mar. 12. Mr. Fred Finder of Van Dyne, Wis., paid his friends Arthur Tackc, *12, and Arnold Koelpin, ’13, a visit on Mar. 10. Mr. Finder has recently discontinued his studies at the University of Wisconsin. Mrs. Luckow of Waterloo called 011 her son Edward, prep., on Mar.

Mr. John Swartz and wife and Mr. and Mrs. R. Perrot of Rhinelander were the guests of William Pautz, prep., on Mar 12. Mr. Max Hackbart, who several years ago attended our college and then continued his studies at Dr. Martin Luther College, visited old friends at this institution on Apr. 1. Mr. Hackbart recently held a position as parochial school teacher at Burlington, Wis., but now accepted 16. Mr. Herbert Schallcr, a member the position of first teacher in a of the class of 1909, called on his Lutheran congregation in Winona, brother Winfred, ’11 and his friends Minn. The following left for home on on Mar. 29 while enroute to Wau watosa. He had been paying a visit account of illness before close of school for Easter recess: Henry to friends in Juneau, Wis. Carl Uffcnbeck, prep., spent Mar. Heise, ’11, Aug. Pamperin, ’12, Her 12 with friends in Oconomowoc. Fie man Brandenburg, prep., Harry returned the following day. Huth, prep., and Edgar Auerswald, Edward Gcske and Herman Rat- prep. zeburg, both students at the prepar Immanuel Frey, ’io, visited a atory department, discontinued week with his brother, a parochial their studies at college Mar. 19. school teacher in Mankato, during Mr. Charles Starke of Denver, the Easter recess. Being in the vi Colo., paid his son Robert, ’13, a vis cinity of New Ulm he grasped the it on Mar. 13. opportunity to visit old college

THE BLACK AND RED.

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friends at Dr. Martin Luther Col lege. The Misses Lydia Rupnow and Mayta Amborn of Fall River, Wis., were visitors of Edward Luckow, prep., on Mar. 12. Frank Reier, ’12, Edwin Bruns, ’12 and Philip Koehler, Sem., at tended the wedding of a friend at Lake Mills which took place on Mar. 29. On his way to Wauwato sa Philip Koehler called on friends at N. W. U. On Friday, Apr. 1, Mr. W. E. Reim, a parochial school teacher in Hustisford, called on his nephew, Edward Reim, ’ll, and on Herbert Seefcldt and Roland RadloiL who entered the preparatory department Mar. 29. Erwin Quandt and William Voigt, both members of the Sophomore class, took a “hike” to Hustisford

on Mar. 23. Then they walked to Woodland. Huilsburg, Hartford, and Iron Ridge, and reached Wa tertown Mar. 26. We arc glad to learn that Henry Schroeder, a former member of the class of 1911. who was obliged to discontinue his studies on account of injuries received from an explos ion of gunpowder last year, has re covered from his wounds. He would be with us by this time were it not for the poor condition of his eyes. Alexander Sitz, William I lass, Philip Koehler and Otto Koch, members of the class of 1909 and students of the Lutheran Seminary at Wauwatosa, called on friends at N. W. U. on Mar. 19. On the follow ing Monday Mr. Hass arrived at Montello where lie spent a week at the home of Rev. Schlci.

CAMPUS Am CLASSM®@M . I

ill

—Vacation!! —Easter Eggs! —Admiral Oilax. —Now, boys, within your reach and range An object is, to all not strange. So look about, drop in a few; It is the joke-box at N. W. U. —Prof.: Why do we call heat radi ant? WG1: Because it comes from the radiator. —Heard by Chance; 1st student referring to a small town. 2d student: That is my originality. —S-ppe: Berlin is on a spree.

Don’t touch on such a funeralatic subject. —Prof.; My book is all worn out. I think we will have to change text books soon. —Bates: Huth, here’s your Phy sical Agriculture Magazine. —Prof.: Du sollst ilm nicht bu rner stocreu, B-rn: Ich hab ihn nicht zerstoert. What —Prof.; (In Geography): do we catch on the Atlantic coast ? Sextaner: Oysters, gold, silver, coal—(Here lie was interrupted). —Prof: What does the abbrevia tion S. S. stand for, Loeper?

THE BLACK AND RED. Muck suggests: Swift Society. —Prof. (In Geography) : In the south they raise bigger corn than here because it is so hot. Sextaner: Don’t it burn on them sometimes? —R-sch: What do you call those things? (Dates.) P-pp: They are peanuts with syrup around them. —Prof.: What kingdom is there besides monarchies? Septimaner: Democrats. —Herman Shu ft was disturbed in the class-room by the street car as it took the curve and was just expressing his indignation when the Dr. interrupted him: What is the matter with you? That is only the street car. Of course that is something you don’t hear or have at Cambria! —Kalter, the precocious youth, was scrcnly drawing a razor over his smooth checks when queried: What are von trying to shave for, you haven’t got anything? Kalter replied with a stern voice: What of it, don’t you plough before you sow ? —What is the difference between butter and and buttcrine? Butter is the abbreviation. —Student: Prof., when can you use discover or invent without distinction? 2d student: When you say Cook discovered the North Pole. —Prof.: Bei euch ist es bald so, dass ihr, was ihr in 6 Jahren gelernt habt, im Taschentuch wegtragen koennt! Pimps: What is the use of both ering with a trunk if you don’t have to.

—Prof, to Quinta in Algebra: Some always write (pie) at the end. That is all right after dinner but not in this case. —Prof, to Sexta: Who speaks to morrow ? Sextaner: Jam. (Gamm.) —Dr.: Dr. Roentgen was killed by an auto a few years after he discovered the X-Rays. Smalile: Did the chaffeur excuse himself? —Sad but true: Girls are bad, Boys are worse, Both are hard On Daddy’s purse. —We were shocked to hear that a poet had risen in our midst. But it all happened by chance. While in the sick room our novice was so inspired by coming in contact with one of the fair sex that he gave vent to his feelings in the following: OUR COLLEGE NURSE. Oh measels, measels, let us rhyme, You give us such a glorious time. We lie all day and sleep all night Although to us no sun gives light. The meals, the meals, we like so well For nursie’s such a pleasant belle. She has a hand all gentle and neat And, oh such dainty little feet. Her hair is blond, her cheeks blush red. Her boys are always duly fed, Her smile for all so lov’ng and kind; If once you’ve seen, n’er leaves your mind.

THE BLACK AND RED.

Her ears are keen, her eyes are bright, Oh, she is such refreshing sight. To comfort us, no efforts spares, All hardships she in patience bears. She sweeps the floor and makes the bed, And lights at night a lamp of red. Time passes fast when nursie’s near; With her we’d stay, oh, by the year. We like to see our nursie dear; An hour will “GEN eat, with her near, H. K. when once she went away, Poured out the tea in sheer dismay. Bad children we, when she’s away, The mean tricks many we do play. Yes, water throw we at the girls And make a noise like cats and squirrels. The vi’lin makes a dreadful noise, Oh yes, oh yes, we’re then bad boys. As reason for this all you’ll hear That we do miss our nursie dear. •: •

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When things are thus a going wrong, Suspicion then on Koch is strong. The whippings he’s been promised many, But has as yet received not any. When mornings out of bed we leap, We do behind the curtain peep To see if she doesn’t yet appear, We love, we do, that nursie dear.

When nights the light does faint ly glare, We once more out of windows stare To watch her as she homeward treads, Retire then slowly to our beds. O measels, measels, such a time Is worth much more than petty rhyme. For if a nurse we’ve learned to honor, That nurse was surely Mrs. D-----—“Billy” L’s friends were very much surprised to find him so un usually happy when they return ed from their Easter vacation as he formerly was rather downcast and quiet. We, however, have re ceived intelligence from a reliable source that his extraordinary hap piness is caused by the fact that his beloved Katharina finally ac cepted him at the time when he least expected it. Congratulations, “Billy!!” —As an April fool joke this same “Billy” aroused a number of his friends at four o’clock in the morning and told them that the tail of Halley’s comet was visible. To his great distress “Billy,” however, found out that the com et was turned into a comedy by those same friends when he found a large sized cat in his bed the same night. When the cat tickled “Billy” on his bare feet, it is said that his sprint down the hall would have done justice to the champion sprinter of the world.

Good Groceries

Your feet worvt quarrel with, vjovir shoes if vjou wear the Keith Konqueror. Ever\j pair' g-uararvteed wearable arvd durable.

mmm $522 $422 $352

WM.GORDER COMPANY 604-608 MAIN STREET

One fair trial will convince you what a saving it would be to deal regularly with us.,

AT OUR STORE you will always get the

JTsk to see

freshest and best Groceries it is possible to obtain, a great

variety to choose from and unequalled prices.

FRED BITTNER 501-503 N. Fourth St.

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

! : : .1= :

i Zbc jVIallory Cravenette f)at A RAIN PROOF FUR FELT HAT Rain will not spot, streak or fade it. Perspiration will not discolor it. Body and Trimmings have been subjected to the cele brated Priestley Cravenette process. Made in all the latest shapes, in both derby and soft styles. A Hat for rainy days or every day.

PRICE $3.00 A complete line of SHIRTS FOR SPRING.

WILSON BROS.

HERTEL & HOFFMANN DAYLIGHT CLOTHING STORE 107-109 MAIN STREET c

F. G, Keck &jCo.

A GOOD VALUE One pound (85 sheets) of finest quality Stationery and Two Packages of Envelopes to match, for

60 CENTS. For Sale at

EBERLE’S DRUG STORE 204 Main St.

Watertown, Wia.

. !

WATERTOWN’S BIG FURNITURE STORE 110- /12 Main Street WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

HERRO & SON Dealers in

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, GI6ARS : !

210 Main Street. Watertown, Wis.

CONCORD

EVANSTON

With Ara-Notch With Buttonhole THE NEW

Arrow Collars FOR SUMMER lBc. each—2 for 26c. Arrow Cuffa, 26c. duett, Peabody <fc Co., Mahers

ANNOUNCEMENT! We are offering a New 25c Sock for men, possessing wearing qualities, fit and appearance far superior to any half-hose ever before offered at anything like the price. It is a fine texture, lightweight, snug fitting sock, in permanent silk-lustre colors and manufactured with the new wearresisting

mmi

TOE 5°heelj

which give it many times the wearing strength of ordinary hosiery. This new feature provides strength were strength is needed, with out making the sock coarse or heavy. The toe resisting strength of this sock is simply marvelous. We unhesitatingly endorse it as the best a quarter will buy. ASK FOR INTERWOVEN SOCKS

SCHEMPF BROS. CO.

THE BIG CASH STORE

College and Class Pennants Made lo order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

’Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to JOS. KRUBSACK, Manager. STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENT FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufactures of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0.

DURANT’S FINE CANDIES ICE CREAM AND SODAS= 105 MAIN STREET

fit !

EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT ;

M. W>a HOEMMAMM

■ i

OrnCE HOURS:

: ;

106 North First Street

10-12 A. M. and 1-4 P. M.

ESTABLISHED 1SJ34:

Nowack & Kohls

BUNK OF WATERTOWN

DlAbCKB IN

“S** FURNITURE

UNDERTAKERS 607-609 Main St.

and

EMBALUKHS Watertown, WlBt

Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Street

Dr. O. H. Dornfeld DENTIST i

CAPITAL, SlOO.OOO. Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHN E. HEISMANN IJ6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

fttrd)cut>ftd)cr, Sdircibmatcrial unh $fauct) (S&iimVorjcUaw ftnb ju Ijabeu bci

Office Hours: 9-12 a. m., 2-5 p. m. Central Block., N. E. Cor. Third and Main Sts. Watertown, Wisconsin

OTTO REYN

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies,

---- GO TO----

Moll's Ground Floor Studio

3(2 Main Street REMEMBER Quality remaina after price is forgotten

SRain ©trnjje REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm Watertown, WIs.

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Something important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

11! ii ;

Watertown Gas & Electric Company

ML E, J„ EOEHMAMM DENTIST 106 FIRST STREET

'PHONE NO. 258

ibibbi

Wm. F. Brandt & Son Co.

DRY GOODS Carpets, Cloaks and Clothing A PRACTICAL STORE FOR

PRACTICAL PEOPLE Main and Third Sts.

EAT THE BEST

Watertown, WIs.

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE’S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

3abitRe dreamery £o. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

;

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

OFFICE HOURS: 1 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M.

MOTS bl mowACE PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON

313 Main Street Above Brennecke's Draft Store

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Residence 809 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Telephone 144

IF YOU WANT FIRST-GLASS

Ben H. Rieck

AND SATISFACTORY

PROPRIETOR OF THE

Photos

HEW EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTSI 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street

■

Wisconsin

Watertown,

f GO TO

Schiajeter Bros. MERCHANT lOc. CIGAR and ARC 5c. CIGAR

Watertown Photo Go.

LEAD THEM ALL Watertown, Wla 105 Main Strcot

)■

DONNER GALLERY Special Rates made to Students

Ch&s. J. SalicK

(Succuor to Jos. Sallck & Son)

Jewelers and Opticians : ,

Milwaukee, Wis. Makers of

Fine Athletic wt Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG

Special attention Riven to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses

TRADE WITH

Stationery, Base Ball and Sporting Goods

Schempf the Druggist

1 and 3 Main St.

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO.

Watertown, Wis.

"He Treats You Right"

DR. A. J. SCHLUETER

DENTIST 313 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Chas. A. Gamm

W. D. SPROESSER & GO.

Tho Corner Druggist

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 Main St.

JEWELERS PIANOS AND ORGANS

'Phono No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

•PHONE NO. 259-Y

Give us a Call Wb’ll Try And I’lbase You

WATERTOWN. WIS.

3F@ir l%Il<sg Fnft amdl

W. C.R Vick S &S

E(s®in}®iMiy

Manufacturers of High Grade

adxe

ICE CREAM AND CANDIES

WEAR

LEO RUESGH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

Mueller Brothers SHARP CORNER GROCERS

Piry (§@®dlgB <0r®° <E<iiribga Flonuir sumII F@@dl •Phone 214-X

uccessor to

905 Main St

will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. Call at 107 West Main Street, Wisconsin Watertown, The Largest Assortments of

SHAVING BRUSHES SPORTING GOODS POCKET KNIVES RAZOR STROPS RAZORS To be had in the city.

Call .and see us.

D. & F. KUSEL CO.

K C

College Yell

s s

BAUMAN’S Home Made Candies 20c. PER POUND i

ICE CREAM

! '

AND SODAS NONE BETTER "Spaldings”

BASE BALL GOODS

always were and always will be, the

“Standard of the World”

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE HOURS: 2

and

9 TO 11 to

A. M.,

8 P. M.

OFFICE, 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

REB Cheque 5 CENT CIGARS

In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that We carry a full line at all times.

A. W1GGENHORN 8c SON

WM.G, PRITZLAFF&GO.

OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS FOR THE C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

ARE ALWAYS GOOD

JEWELERS

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^25HSH5ZSZSZSH5ZEHSZFHSiSHSZ5ZSi5ESHSH5H5H5Z5HSi5HSESHSBSH5i5ZEES One dissatisfied customer more than offsets one who is pleased with his purchases. So one of our fundamental rules is to gladly rectify any mistakes, re fund the purchase price, or exchange goods, as may be best to suit the customer. We use the greatest care to avoid errors, and through close inspection there is rarely a garment I , leaves this store that- | ,\is faulty. We are here: f to serve the public to i the best of our ability, J believing that this is J the only method that I assures our own '[ success. We want r customers to re- p member this, and if fj anything gees wrong to come to us first. Then there will be no complaint. Fort unately we have few occasions of this nature, especially in selling our line of Sin cerity Clothes.

Clothe^

When quality fabrics, shrunk fully by the London pro- B cess, and tailored with the precision and care given every Sincerity suit and overcoat, there is seldom_ a cause for complaint. You will get more satisfaction from Sincerity Clothes than any garments you ever wore. Let us re fer you to customers who k n o w—-better still, try them!

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. Cor. Main and Third Sts. Watertown, WIs. « '^525Z5H52SE5Z525Z5E5a5H525H5E5H5cl52525a5a5Z5Z555Z5E5i!5Z5a5£5Z5Z52>V

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Edward A. Schultz

BOWLING ALLEYS

. 1

BILLIARD and POOL TABLES

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Also a Choice Line of

CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS

;l i|

WATERTOWN, WIS.

202-204 Madison Street

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries

TEACHER OF

i i fctufcio 109 ifflaUt 8t ©tyrii 3fflaor :

ABOVE HERTEL & HOFFMANN'S CLOTHING STORE

I ! i

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The Most Complete Line of

Fn®s0 Calk@§a 5E(fcn in the city at

WM. KRAMER 114 W. Main

Tel. 155-Y

! « i

jaedecke“& grams 611-613 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

Â£ 2 LJ

Directory Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. U. THE COLLEGE. President-----------------------Vice President---------------Secretary----------------- -----Faculty Athletic Director.

;

ill l!

...Prof. A. F. Ernst ..—Dr. J. H. Ott -..-Dr. A. Hoermann Prof. H. K. Moussa

ALUMNI. -Rev. W. Huth, *81, Hustisford, Wis. President---------------------- --------...Dr. J. H. Ott, ’86, Watertown, Wis. Vice President and Treasurer-----Rev. Fr. Schumann, ’90, Sawyer.^Wis. 2nd Vice President------------------Rev. Chr. Sauer, 77, Juneau, Wis. Secretary.------------------------ ----NORTHWESTERN CLUB. President------------------- ...... ..........................E. A. Wurster, Milwaukee, Wis. ................................ Hugo v. Rohr, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice President-----------Treasurer------------------ -----------------------...Julius Dammann, Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary------------------- —.............................E. H. Karrer, Caswell Block, “ ATHLETIC BOARD. —........... E. Berg, ’10 President............. P. Lehmann, ’10 Treasurer..............F. Schweppe, ’ll. SecretaryI. Frey. A. Berg. BAND. Director................... .......................... .......... Prof. H. Frank President:................ ......................... .......... A. Zuberbicr, ’10 Vice President------------------------..........I. Frey, ’10 Secretary and Treasurer-------------...........Wm. Limpert, *10 Librarian------------- A. Tacke, ’12 ORCHESTRA. Director----------------------------------Prof. A. Kuhn President.-------------------------- ----- Wm. Limpert, ’10 Vice President—............. .................. R. Hanke, ’ll Secretary and Treasurer.................. G. Schley, ’ll Librarian-------------- F. Schweppe, ’ll MALE CHORUS. Director-------------------------------- Prof. A. Kuhn President------------------------------ O. Hohenstein, ’10 Vice President------------------------C. Kluender, ’ll Secretary and Treasurer-----------L. Mahnke, ’12 Librarian-------------------------------L. Mass, ’12 QUARTET. Director and President. ................... Prof. C. Bolle MILITARY COMPANY. President ---------- A. Hanke, ’!1 Vice President----------- W. Beita, Prep. Secretary----------- L. Baganz, ’ll Treasurer. ---- -----J. Masch, ’12 TENNIS CLUB. President.----------------------------------------- O. Plath, ’10 Vice President------------------ -----------------M. Whyte, ’10 Secretary and Treasurer---------------------W. Schaller, ’ll

THE BLACK AND RED *» (f?!v :-*vS

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—

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., May, 1910.

link uric foUctt wiv Icfcn? (Sortfeftuiig.) _ SBetitt mid) ciu jungcr Sftann, ber fcine 95orftiIbmig ftcenbigt ftat unb nun in ba$ Scftctt eintritt, fragt, ina$ er Icfeu foil, fo mbd)tc id) mit ben Horten ciuc3 fteriiftniteu 0d)riftftefler3 aiittuorten: Sides? ©ute unb nid)t§ 0d)ledjte§. 9.1?it bem Icfttcii Seilc bicfe§ 0aftc3 tuirb nun luoftl iebermaitn ciiiberftanbctt fciit, after in 93e3ieftuitg auf ben erften mcrbcn bie mcifteti bocft iftrc groucu 93cbeitfen fta» fteu. ©3 mirb iftneit biefe Sfufgafte often a!3 biel 3U fdjtuer erfdjcinen.

Number 2

Sod) luenn man itafter sufieljt, ift bie 0ad)e uid)t fo idjlimm. Sflatt fcfteibe mu* 3iuiad)it cimnal allc3 U n it ii ft e cm3, unb beffcn gibt e3 Icibei* feftr Diet, fo fcidt jdjoit ciit grofecr Seil ber in $Be* irad)t tonimeiibeit 83iidjei: fori @e* |d)id)tlid) gettommcn ftat after foldje 3lu3> fdjeibung gar nidjtB SluffaIIige3. Semi jebe litterarifcfte Spcriobe madjt, loie ein ftebcutcuber $ftilofoftft fdjreiftt, in un» gefdftr breiftig ^aftren ftauferott, unb e§ fttciftt bon iftr nicfjt biel iiftrig. _ 28ir Ie* fteu jcftt in einer 3eit naturtmffenfdjaft* lidjmiaterialiftifcftcr Dtidjtung, bie aitdj bie ^oefie ergriffeit unb, toie fair tooftt fagen biirfen, berborfteti ftat. Sifter e3 giftt fdjon biele Saufenbe bon Sftetifcften, bie biefer 9tid)tung nicftt aiigcftoren unb

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THE BLACK AND RED.

ifyre ^robufte nidjt lejeu molten. 2B03U aud) gar nidjt im ©taube, ba er natiirfid) aljo, menu man nidjt bejoubcreit s43e* lid) nuc ciuêlnc gadjer gcttaucr Eciint. ruf baju bat, mit biefen abfterbcnbcn ®od) mitt id) ciu SBcifpicI aud ber &beo» SDmgen befaffcn? Stber aud) in ben logic anfityrcu. Tec iungc SBcfliffene jogeuQimten t1 a f j i j d) e n SBerfen bicfed gadjed ftubicre nor aUcm bie Wu gibt ed grofec &cite, bic feinedtoegd flaf* bet, momoglid) im Originate, unb ftufil'd) jinb nub rutjig bei ©cite gelajjcu bicrc fie inunci' mieber. _ $alte an mit merben fonuett. Slithered ift mieber uur Sefctt, crmaljut bcr ^Cpoftcl, unb nteint fiir ben eigeittlidjeu ©eletyrteitfiaitb be- ba bic §eiligc ©djrift, bic eiuîge Ouelle ftinuut unb fiir atlgemcinc SBilbuttg un« alter mabrett geologic. SBeitit man ba* frudjtbar. ©o bleibt beuit bed mirtlid) uebeu bic ©ijmbolijdjcu 33iid)er, bad ©e©uten bod) nidjt jo gar bicl. jaugbudj unb bic SBerfc Sutljcrd eifrig gerner mufj man eiueu Unterjdjieb lieft unb in fid) aufuinmit, banu ift man madjeu 5Voifd)cn bem, mad 3ur bejottbe* gegriinbet in ber Jjjauptfadjc unb faun ten gad)bilbuttg geljort, nub bent, mad nun mit SBerftaubnid nub cigcncm Urber attgemeinen U3ilbung bienen foil, teile and) anbcrc gutc 3Berfc Icjcn, jcicn giir bie aSerbottfonuunung in ber erjte- ed dttcrc ober and) ucuere. Slber immer ten gilt bie jRegel: 53Ieibe bei bem, mad ftubicre matt bic $auptmcrfe ttub bieje bir bertrauet ijt. SBon ben gadjangclc* griittblid). Sltjulid) tnirb ed in ben an* geitljeiten, bie bid) uidjtd angetjen, unb beren gddjcrn jcitt. bie bu bod) nidjt griittblid) erlerttcn SBad nun bic SBiidjcr anbctrifjt, bic faitnft unb mitlft, berjdjaffe bir aud ber ber attgemeinen SJilbung bicticn fallen, bejteit Ouelle e i n tit a I cine beutlidjc jo gelteu tjicr bicjdbcn ©ruubfabe. fBor SBorftettuug, nub battn lafe jic rutjig bei- ailent ftubicre jebcrmauu bic 33iOel, bad jeite. ©obatttt ntadjc ed bir gum ©ruttb* foftlidjfte, Idjrreidjfte nub bcbentcubfte fajje, inuner bie Originate 3U lefett, nub 93ud), bad ed gibt. ©d ift and) bad eiunidjt mad attbere bariiber gcjdjricbeu jige, bcjjctt titan nidjt iibcrbriijfig tnirb, baben. Sedljalb jittb bie meijtcn Site* menu titan ed uur and cigcncm Slutriebc raturgejdjidjteu siemlid) nnjrudjtbar. unb mit Slnbadjt lieft. ' 3Bir Icjcn ia SWau erfdtjrt ba uur ntetjr ober mettiger iibcrtjaubt uur, tun ©toff ttttb Slnrcgtmg 3utreffenbe Diefcratc unb Itrteile, bic utid 311 cigcncm fRadjbcufen 311 befommen, 311 mirftidjer ©iufidjt itt bie ©egeuftcinbe bctttt oljttc cigcued fRacfybcufcu btcibt bad felbft gar nidjt Eornmen Iajjett. ©bettjo Sefcu uufrudjtbar. $u biefem 23udjc jei man borjidjtig itt bem ©ebraud) non aber fittbeu tuir cine jotdjc guile non ®ommentaren. 9)?au benujje jic uur 53elcl)ruitg fiber bic midjtigfteu Stngclcbann, menu man burd) eigened ftadjben* gentjeiten bed Scbetid, bic uttd nnmittcl* fen uber einext $unft nidjt tlar merben bar augcfjcu, nub fo gelualtigc Slttrefaun, jonjt aber jdjopfe man inuner and guttgen, bafj uidjtd anbered ber 23ibet ber Ouelle felbft. ©0 erfeart man jid) and) uur anudtjcrungdmcijc an bic ©cite ntele unnufce SRitfie unb Beit unb tjat gcjejjt merben faun. Slbcr man tefe jic bod) einen reidjeu ©eminn. in grofeeren in jid) sufammen&angenben SSeldjed aber in ben einaelnen geidjern Sibfdjititten, mie man ja and) anbcrc 93iibie §aubtmerfe jittb, lernt man bei bem djer lieft. S»ir finb freilid) gemobnt, fiir ©tubium feitted gadjed, mo ja bie noti- ben Ijaudtidjen ©ebraudj and) fteinere gen Siteraturnadjmeife gegebeu merben. atbfdjuittc in gemiffer atudmabl 311 Icfen, $icr miirbe ed 3n meit fufjren, fie 011311* unb bad bat feine êredjtiguug fiir bie geben, ©djreiber biefer Seiteu mare ba3U bdudlidje ©rbauuug. SBer aber bic 23i*

THE BLACK AND RED. Bel f e n it e rt lernen mill, ber ntuf} fie gQit3 unb atuor in gro&erett 3ufammen» Bdngett lefett, benit in ifjr ift itidjtg uttmidjtig, nidjtg iiBcrflufiig, unb aug bent ©onaen lernen mir bag ©ingelne berftcBen. Shifter ber 53ibel Icfc ntait bor allent bic grofteu ©djriftftelfer beg Shtertumg, tueitn eg ieitt faun, ini Originate, fonft mcnigfteug in gitteit UBerfetjuugeit, bcrcn eg jefjt ja biclc gibt. 0ie fittb fa ft aile bon allgeiueiuem Sutercffc unb nidjt Sndjfdjrifteit int ftcutigcn Sinne. SJian Bebettfe, baft bicfe 33itdjer feit 3meitaufcitb SaOrcu bic Seftrer ber cibilifierten Golfer gemefeit fittb unb nod) fittb, unb baft fie begftalB iftre SBirfuug ttitb 33ebeutuug ttic bcrlierett, and) mettit bic Be[ten Ijcutigett ©djriften Icittgft beraftet fittb. Tod) ftaftctt nidjt aile belt gleidjen SBert. Situ ibidjtigftcu fittb bic giitett biftorifdjcti nub bic fdjonftcn poctifdjeit SBerfe: Tftuftjbibcg, $lutarcft, s<ftoIt)Biug, ©afluft, Sibiug, ©uctou, bic ©taatvrcben bon TemoftBcneg nub Ci cero, bic Tidjter $onter, ©opftoflcg, Virgil (bic Steneibc) nub $ora3. Tic bi)i(ofobbifd)ctt ©djriften bott s$lato unb Slriftoteteg fonuneu Ocutautage ntefjr ttur fitr ben JyacBntaiiii in 33ctrod)t unb fdtt* nett uBergattgcu tucrbeit. 9Bcr fid) init ber befteit Seiftung beg Sfltertumg itt ber et!) if Bcfauut ntadjett to ift, Icfc bag fleitte ^oubbiidjlcitt beg epiftet. 2fu3 bettt SWittelalter Icfc matt 9fugu» ftiitg ^onfeffionett, Tattteg ©dttlidje ®o* ittbbic unb Tftotnag a STetnpig’ 23udj bon ber Wadjfolge Cftrifti. Site bic 9teforntationg3eit ftubiere man eingcBenb cine ber grofteren 2e» BettgBcfcBrciBuugen bon Sutfter, 3. 33. bic bott ®oftIin, unb lefe * bie reformatory fdjen ©djriften Sutfterg, Befottberg bag uttuBertreffIid)e 33u<Bteitt bon ber grey Beit eineg CIjriftcnmettfdjen, fomie bie Cinleitungen in bic cttt3cfnctt 33iidjcr ber §eiligen ©djrift.

Sfeadj ber Steformationgaeit fdjeiben fid) bie SSoIfer audj in 33eaieBung ouf if;re Siteratur. giir ung finb einige $auptmerfe, bie bon Cngfdttbern gefdjrieBett finb, bon SBidjtigfeit. 2>aau redjue id) 33acon’g Cffatjg, 33unBan’g $itgrim’g fprogreft, 2ftifton’g $oemg, Befottberg ârabife Soft, unb beffen Tractate on ebucation unb Sfreopagitica. 9Wau lefe audj granflin’g SfutoBiograpfjt), eitt Bebcutettbeg 33udj ber $opu* Idrpf)ifofopf)ie. $011 beutfdjeit affgemeinen SBerfen inodjtc id) entpfef)fett: §ung*©tillingg &eBengBefdjreiButtg, Befonberg feme gcnbiaOre, $eftato33i’g fiiettBarb unb ©ertrub unb 3Bie CJertrub if;re $inber let)rte, geudjterteBeng Sur Tidtetif ber 0ecle, unb griebritB SpertBe’g SeBengBcfdjreiButtg bon feittem 0oBne Cfenteng sêrtf)cg. Tic @cfd)id)te ift eitte SeBrmeifterin ber Golfer ober foltte eg bodt) fein. Tarum fagt 2utf)er: ©g ift ein fef)r foft lid) Ting urn bie §iftoriett. SfBer bai Sciett ciuer fogenannten SfUgemeiner. 2Bcttgcfd)id)te tef)rt ung bie ©efdjtdjte nidjt griinbticB fentten. Ter ©toff ift biel 311 umfattgreicB, afg bag ein ein3eliter ifjn burdjbriitgett unb geftalten fduutc. Cg BleiBt babott aucB getooBnIid) 3U tuettig ftaften. eg ift begtjalB Beffer, eitt3eluc tii^tige îftorifer in ifjrett Befteit SBerfett 3U lefen. Unter biefen ncttttc id) ©roteg ©efd)id)te @riecBettfaubg unb 2flomtnfeng ©efcBi^te 9tomg. 33cibe finb eittfeitig, aBer Beibe regett ungcmeiit 3um âdjbettfen an, unb bag ift fitr bag Sefcn eine âuptfadje. 9tanfe ift eitter ber Beften @efd)icBt3fcBreiBer, fe^t aBer biel ein3elfenntniffe boraug. Scfottbcrg micBtig ift feine @efdjidjtc ber $dBfte unb bie ber 9teformationg3eit. 9?eBen ber feBteren lefe man aitdj S8e3ofb, ber feBr in em3eIBetteu eingeBt unb bie TatfacBen gettau angiBt. Unter ben biefen auggeaeicBneten

THE BLACK AND RED.

englipen §iftoriferu ift befpnbcrg cm- bcmcrfeugmert: SOiorife, $cbbel, Subpfcblengmert: ©ibbon’g §iftort) of il)e itoig nub Emanuel (&cibel. Sic moberne decline anb gall of tlje 9toman ($m- Sprit ift meifteug bcfabcnt uub 3cigt nur pire, befonberg nndjtig aud) fur bie Stir- fcljr bcrciu3elt 93cffcrc§. Ituter ben englifdjcn ©intern ift Dor djengefd)id)te fiir ben, ber 3U Iefen toer, fteljt. Sag berutjmte toicruubbier3igfte allem ©bafefpcare 3U ncmicu. (Jr ift I Stapitel entljalt einc burdjaus geuiigeube cin augge3cid)ucter Vernier beg SDteuSarftclluug beg 9tomifd)en 9tcd)tg. 9lu- fd)eul)er3cug uub Sidjter toon numberfjcrbcm ift cin gang augge3eid)neteg SBerf barer $raft. Sic SWadjt ber ©iiubc uub (Sarlple’g Sife aub Settcrg of Dlitoer bie ©djrecfeu beg bofeu ©cmiffeug pat er (Sromtoell, 2 tool. (Jbcufo ift feiuc bargcftctlt foie feiu auberer, aber freilid) grend) iftetoolutiou lefeugmert. Unter bag ^cilmittcl bagegeu fount cr nidjt. ben ueuercu ®efd)id)tgfd)rcibern fiub bie Sarurn ift er aud) trop cinêlucr $ufee* SBerfe toon Sreitfdjfe bebeuteub, befou- rungen cigcutlid) t'eiu d)rifttid)cr Sid)berg ieine @ef<bid)te beg neunjebuten ter. âtjrljunbertg. iiberljaupt 3eid)iteu fid) (Jinen befonberg breitcu 9taum nimmt bie ncuereu beutfdjcn ®ejd)id)tgiocrtc ljeut3utage bie 9tomanIitcratur eiu. Sag meifteug burd) ®riinblid)feit uub gute beftc bumoriftifdjc SBerf, bag je gefebrieSarfteHung aug. ©o in ber ®ird)enge- ben ift, ift ot)uc Bmcifcl Son Dnijote fd)id)te §aud, in ber ^rofaugefd)id)tc toon (Jcrtoauteg. (Jg 3cigt, tuic cin im ©pbei, Seu3, Sietrid) ©djafer uub an- ©runbe ebelgcfiuutcr 9)?cufd), burd) allc here. Sorljeiteu uub Itbcrtrcibuugcu fid) burdjSie ^tjiloiopbic ift cin befonberes @c- arbcitcub, 311 cinem guten 9lu*gang ge6iet. 3Ber fid) ba3u I)inge3ogcn fiiljlt, Iangt. 9lujjerbem gcbbvcu 311 ben guten mufe griinblid) ftubicren, unb bqnu gibt $umoriften: grip Center, OSottfrieb fie iljm einc fonft nidjt 3U erfefjcnbc SMlcr uub ber 9lmerifaner 9)?arf Smain. ©djulung beg ©eifteg. 9lbcr mer fid) Huter ben iibrigeu 9tomaucn gibt eg otjne gute 9lnleitung mit il)r bejdjciftigt, nur meuige 53cbeutcubc. 9lud) bie Ijiftogerat feljr leidjt in bie ^rre unb bat rijd)cn 9iomanc madjen feiuc 9fugnal)baun meljr JSdjaben alg ©enriun. gtuci me. 9lm lefeugmerteften fiub cinige toon 3Berfe miiffen 3ucrft griinblid) ftubiert SBaltcr ©coit: §toauijoe, Quentin Sur; merben: Stautg Sfritif ber rcinen 95cr- marb, Slenilniortlj, 3Boobftocf, ^ctoeril nunft unb Sutljerg 93ud) Se fevtoo abi- of t(jc *j$eaf uub Olb Wortaliti), toon trio, itoorin er ficb alg 9)teifter and) auf toicleu alg ber beftc augeieben. 9>ou biefem ©ebicte bemeift. (Jljarlcg Sfingglei) Ieje man ctma ^ptotoa! Sie fogenamtte fdjone Siteratur ift ja tia uub SScfttoarb »S3o. 9?ur bebenfc i: i befannt, uub man ift bariiber einiger- man, bap biefe Sidjtuugcu nidjt biftomaben toon ber ©djufe ber orientiert. rifd) treu fiub, ja bie 3eit, in ber bie ji; Sefengmert ift aug friiberer 3eit ber ©e^djidjic fpiclt, nidjt cinnial geuau mie©impliciffimug bon (Sfjriftopb toon bcrfpiegclu. 9.>on bcutfdjen 9iomaucn ©nmmefgbaufen in einer tocrfiir3tcn fiub 311 empfeblen bie toon Silibalb Sluggabe. 9]on ©oetbe fefe man aufeer 9llcyig uub flttiigge, §auff§ Sid)tcnftein, ben befanuten iQrifdjeu @ebid)ten uub greitagg ©oil uub §aben, gclir Sating j| Sramen toor allem Sidjtuug uub SBaljr- STampf urn 9iom uub ©djcffclg ©cfebeit aug meinem Seben. SBeldjeg ©d)it« barb. 9tudi 9B. 9tabc bat einige gute Ierg bauptfddblitbfte Sidjtungen fiub, ©ad)en gefd)riebcu: llnferg êrrgottg •mirb jeber toiffen. 9âd) ©djiller fiub SXau3lci, ben §uugcrpaftor uub bie Cbr°‘

THE BLACK AND RED. nif ber ©perlingSgaffe. SBer naturmiffeufdjaftlidje unb geograpbifdje ©d)rif« ten lefeu mitt, mutt fief) an bie befteu 93ertretec biefer SBiffenfdjaften batten. 9Mau bcadjte nber smeierlei: ©rftlid) ift ed fdjroec, ofjne feljr gute SBorfenmmffe aits itfiidjcru fiber natunuiffenfdjaftlkbe Tinge ctmaS CrbentlidjeS 3U lenten. ©$ fefjlt an ber SCnfdjaitung, nub barutu Fomtut cS nidjt 311 redficr ©infidjt. 3unt aubern neraltcn biefe SBerfc bet Dent Sortfdjrittc ber ilBiffcnfdjafi 3icmlid) fdjttctt. iUcait l)iite fid) aber nor ben ©djtiften, bie biefe Tinge popularifiercn mottcu. Sic jinb oft gait3 irrelcitenb, intiner aber obcrf(cidjlid) unb ungettau. Sit natunuiffenfdjaftlidjer, mie in ptjilojopbifdjer »^»iiifid)t fittb aud) bie oietgc« riUjnttcu ii3ctterfd)cit 23fid)er gaii3 unîi* Pcrlaffig, mie benu and) it;re TOeologic feljr fragmiirbig ift. 3Bcr untiirmiffeufdjaftlidpapologetifdje Sdjrifteit lefen mitt, greife Iiebcr 3U ben ©ad)cn non Teuuert, bie menigftenS non cinetii 311ncrldffigeu Dianne unb ©adjEenner gcfdjriebctt fittb, menu ttuS ber religiofc ©taubpunft bcS geleljrteu 93otauiferS and) nidjt cutfdjiebeu getiug erfdjeint. TaS fittb fo '-Ucobaddungen, bie id) in fangjabriger ©rfabning bci ftetS fortge* fcljter iietiitre gemad)t babe, unb bie Barnett nub Titel non 33fidjern, bie id) alS befonberS mertnott Eentteit gclernt unb erprobt babe. 9Ber fie mieberbott mit 9iad)beitfen gclefeu bat, mirb mir, baratt 3meiflc id) uicfjt, rcdjt geben unb feiiteit ©cfcbmacF fo bitten, batt er ait miubcrmertigeu ©djriftcn batt feinett ©efatteu finbet unb baS ©ute nont Uu» luitjen felbft fdjcibcu Icrut. UbrigenS barf man baS Sefett unb feinen ©emiitu, baS SBiffen, and) nidjt 311 bod) fdjdbeu. Tie âuptfadjc fiir baS Sebett ift itid)t Stiffen, fonbern £>anbelu. TaS SBiffcu bleibt im ©egenteif, mie ber Sfpoftel âuIuS fagt, immer © t ii rf« m e r E, aud) im atterbefteu @3

bat nie einen SWenfdjen gegeben, Bci betn cS nottfommen mar. Unb atteS SBiffen, baS nidjt in mobltatigeS Tun fidj itm* fept, ift nidjt nur ein unfrudjtbarer Sefip, fonbern ein folcber, ber burdj ben sJc'id)tgebraud) fcbciblidj mirb. Sttte gebilbeteu Scute, bie nidjt fort unb fort ibr Stiffen burdj iljr ânbefn fontrottieren, ftebcu in ©cfabr, entmeber boebmirtige HJcffimifteu 3U merben, bie nur mit fid) ieUift 3ufrieben finb unb mit tbren oft nod) mangclljaften ênntniffen 3U prun* Eeit fudjen, ober menu fie bagu ffug ge* nug fittb, ibrett eigenen 28iffenSermerB mie jener ônig im Sftorgenlanbe 3ulefct fiir ©itetfeit ber ©itelfeiten 3U b^ten. Tarum ftetten mir unfer SBiffett in ben Ticnft beS «§errn unb utiferer ttlfitmenfdjeit, bemiitig unb befdjeiben, nidjt bu ijerrfdjeu, fonbern 3U bienett, fo mirb eS frudjtbar merbett, unb mir felbft fyaben grottcu ©egen babon.

German Press in Colonial Times It is the common belief among Americans of what they call the Anglo-Saxon race that the colonial Germans were utterly ignorant, il literate, and destitute of any form of Many of them, intellectual life, doubtless, were so; the majority of pioneers must always be such,— hewers of wood and drawers of wa ter, fitted for the rough tasks and hardships of this life. But this was by no means the case with all, for even among the first German immi grants there was a comparatively large number who seemed to pos sess what might be called learning. The earliest settlers were under the direction of some of the most learned men of the time. The Frank fort Company, the first emigration

THE BLACK AND RED.

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company to arrive in the New poems setting forth the news of World, consisted of a number of Beissel upon religious matters, Sabwell-educated and highborn people, bath observance, celibacy, and mysthe most noted among them being ticism. These first pamphlets were Pastorius, the agent of the Frank- printed in Roman type, but in 1739 'fort Company. Among others there there issued from the newly-founded were also deeply-read mystics like press of Christoph Saur of GermanICelpius, who came to the wilderness town the first book printed in of Pennsylvania to await the coming America with German type,—the of Christ, which he thought would “Zionitische Weihrauchs Pluegel ’ or take place with the turn of the cen- Zionite Hill of Incense, a collection tury. There were also leaders and of the mystical hymns of Ephrata, organizers among the first immi- as queer as was their title, grants such as the Weisers or BolChristoph Saur is, I dare say, the zius of Ebenezer. Such men were best known of the German printers certainly neither ignorant nor stu- in colonial times. He arrived in ,pid.. America with his wife and child Another thing which goes to when he was thirty years of age and prove, more than anything else that settled in Pennsylvania in what is the colonial Germans were no illit- now Lancaster county, not far from erate, ignorant people is the early the mystical and celibate Dunker German press. And since it played Beissel, whom he had known in Gersuch an important part in colonial many. After his wife had left him days, it deserves, I think, more than and her son and entered the cloister a passing notice. of the Ephrata brethren, he grew When. speaking of the press in embittered against his home near colonial days one is too apt to think Ephrata and soon quit that neighof Franklin only and to forget or borhood to settle in Germantown, overlook his contemporary printers. Here he founded in 1738 the first ’Tis true Franklin deserves much German press of America, credit for the services rendered to The first product of his press was the colonies, and we do by no means an almanac, which was a much-de wish to rob him of this credit. On sired thing at the time. In the folthe contrary, we wish to praise him lowing year, however, Saur began as much as he deserves, but in so to edify, admonish and instruct the doing we should always remember German public through the columns that as a printer he stands not alone, of a paper, which bore various Some of the Germans set their names as “Geschichts-Schreiber,” hands to this work as soon as they “Berichte,” and finally under his were settled on American soil. son’s editorship simply the “GerConrad Beissel and some of his mantown Zeitung.” It had a large Ephrata brethern, perhaps the most subscription list for the time and classical examples of the Pennsyl- the language, having four thousand vania Germans, were the first to subscribers, not only throughout commit their teachings to print in Pennsylvania, but in Virginia and the German language in America. Georgia and the Carolinas. They published several tracts and Besides all this editorial work

THE BLACK AND RED. Saur carried on for twenty years a large printing, publishing, and im porting business. His first book, the “Weihrauch’s Huegel,” was, with one exception, the largest book printed up to that time in Pennsyl vania, containing nearly eight hun dred pages. Four years later Chris toph Saur published the first edition of the Bible printed in a European language in America, the splendid ‘'Germantown Bible.” Two other editions were called for, and when in 1776 the third edition was pub lished, the younger Saur could still say with pride that no other Euro pean nation had yet printed the Bible in their language in the West ern Hemisphere. When at the close of the Revolution the first English Bible was printed in America, it was undertaken only when well guaranteed. Evidently our German forefathers were neither so poor, so rude, nor so irreligious as they have been pic tured by some English writers, when they could support the issue of so many editions of a large and expensive Bible in their mother tongue. The elder Christoph Saur died in 1758, and his son of the same name succeeded him. The younger Saur was not only of the some name, but also of the same nature. The other important German press of colonial times, that of the Brotherhood of Ephrata, is historic ally connected with the beginning of the press founded by the elder Saur. We have seen that the “Hill of In cense,’’ the strangely-named hymnbook of the cloister was the first bound book printed upon the new Germantown press. Having found a verse in this mysterious doggerel

which he thought smacked of a dis play of too much spiritual pride, Saur reproached the prior Beissel in such a manner as ended all furth er ties of friendship. Needless to say Saur printed no more hymnbooks for the monks of Ephrata. A few years after began the is sue from the cloister press of Beissel’s theosophic works and a string of hymn-books, whose extraordin ary names are only equalled by their wonderful contents. The Ephrata press also did some custom-work, and its most notable effort in this line was the produc tion of the greatly-honored Mennonite work, an account of Anabaptist martyrdom, Van Braght’s “Blutige Schauplats,” vernacularly known as the “Martyr-book.” It was printed in 1748, a splendid folio of twelve hundred pages, the largest and in some respects the most remarkable book of the colonial period. These two already-mentioned presses were, however, not the only presses in early Pennsylvania, for in the meantime several others had sprung into existence. There were many men who attempted with more or less success to publish Ger The man books and newspapers, best known among these other presses was that of Heinrich Mil ler, who for several years published the “Staatsbote,” which was in some sort a successor to the reputation and favor of the Saur’s “German town Zeitung.” Heinrich Miller was apparently in his earlier years the most restless of tramp printers. After having worked at this trade in almost ev ery large city in Europe, he came to Philadelphia in 1760 to found one of the most successful presses of

the period immediately preceding the Revolution. He was the printer to Congress, but during the war he retired from business to end his days in the quiet of Moravian Bethlehem, and was succeeded by Stemer and Cist. Miller, like most all other printers, published an almanac, and we have already mentioned his “Staatsbote,” which is said to have even outstripped Saur’s paper in circulation. He also, true to his Moravian sympathies, printed religious 'y0*. sermons, prayer-books, and the Watchword, or daily texts of the Brethren’s Unity. But a large and continually increasing propertion of lus publication was of a poht.cal nature-pamphlets for and against Franklin, addresses to vanous classes and conditions of men

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“until it should appear whether means can be found to escape from the chains forged for the people.” On March 19, 1766, the “Staatsbote” issued an extra announcing the re peal of the hated act. To the presses of Germantown, Ephrata, and Philadelphia there were added about 1774 those of Matthias Bortges in Frederick, Maryland, and Frantz Baily in Lan caster, Pennsylvania, besides the many attempts, extending over but a few years, to begin German print ing in other localities; but these mentioned make up the sum of liv ing and active presses among the colonial Germans. It is a record of which their descendants need not to be ashamed. WM. LUTZ, ’10.

Daniel Webster as an Orator Looking back on the history of eloquence of the different nations, we find tiiat onjy a few orators have been masters of this art. By true oratory we understand the art of convincing and persuading man. Its uitjmate aim is to influence the thoughts, and feelings, and actions of man 0f all the orators our country ever produced few will live as jong jn the memory of the people and llone as long in the literature of the country as Daniel Webster, Daniel Webster ranks among the first of his country-men as a speaker, No orator ou/ „alion has as yct made such an impression upon 'the le. From th‘ beginning of bis ^ the United States congress h was recognized as one of the most "• was at once placed before the coun try as the most powerful speaker in congress, and as a great master in the art of occasional oratory. We saw him at the base of Bunker Hill addressing thousands of people, and holding the vast audience mute for over two hours, when finally their excited feelings found vent in cheers. His Plymouth oration, known as the finest of his anniver sary speeches, in which he eloquent ly depicted the growth and pros perity of the new country, was re ceived with universal burst of ap plause. Here the public at once recognized that a new genius had come before them, a man endowed with the noble gift of eloquence, and capable by the exercise of his talents of moving and inspiring great masses of his fellow-men. John Adams, a man of authority, who had listened to the great orators of other

THE BLACK AND RED. lands, acknowledged that Webster was the most eloquent orator this continent ever produced. Another brilliant effort which Webster made was his argument in the celebrated Dartmouth College case, which he argued with wonderful power be fore the Supreme Court, finally win ning the case in behalf of the college. His reply to Hayne, in which he repelled insinuations against New England, and argued against the right of nullification, has gone down into history as one of the most powerful speeches on record. There is probably no other speech that has been so widely read as Webster’s Reply to Hayne. It has all the qualities which made Webster a great orator. This great speech marked the highest point attained by Webster as a public speaker. He never surpassed it, he never equalled it afterwards. At that moment Webster stood before the world as the first of living Americans. His “Liberty and Union, one and in separable, now and forever!” re mained the watchword of American patriotism. Webster’s way of speaking was deliberate and commanding. He had dignity, and grandeur of thought, expression, and manner, and a great subject never became small by his way of treating it. He had a queer manner of attracting the attention of the audience. He would speak in a low and musical voice, and then stand silent for some moments until every eye was fixed upon him, when his voice would ring out like a clarion that called to duty. Very often his own feelings would master him, as they did in the famous Dartmouth College case. His eyes would be filled with tears,

his lips would quiver, his voice would be choked. But after recover ing his composure, he would fix his keen eye on the audience, and then speak in his deep tone, with which he sometimes thrilled the hearts of the people. He had a wonderful tal ent for picturing human passions and actions. He could describe with great vividness and force. His sen tences, as a rule, are short, smooth, and flowing, and therefore pointed and intelligible, but never monoton ous and harsh. Webster was master of a style which was as forcible as it was simple and pure. He also had the rare quality of being able to range over vast spaces of time and thought without becoming attenuat ed in what he said. He had the fa culty of obtaining and using the val uable works of other men. This was, however, one of Daniel Webster’s strongest attributes. He merely was, as he modestly says, “the arranger and reciter of other men’s thoughts.” But what did not this arrangement and recitation mean for our country! We can but half understand Web ster’s eloquence and its influence if we do not carefully study his phy sical attributes. His personal ap pearance alone was very remark able, and made a great impression upon the people. On entering a room he would by his mere look and presence hush the murmur of conversation. He could control an audience by a look. He had a swarthy complexion and straight black hair. His head was large but of noble shape, with a broad and lofty brow, and his features were finely cut and full of massive strength. His eyes were very dark and deep set, and when he began '

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to rouse himself to action, they seemed to sparkle with fire. His voice was one of great richness and compass, in its highest pitch never shrill, but penetrating to the remotest corner of hall or senatechamber, and in the open air to the very outskirts of a vast crowd. He at once won with the aid of his splendid eloquence and physical attributes complete control over his audience. So great was the effect of Webster’s "eloquence that he has attained a place among the great classic orators. Demosthenes, Cicero, Burke, and Webster will be remembered in the world of letters as long as force, polish, and eloquence are counted as necessary features of lit erature. Webster’s speeches were not only listened to by thousands, but they were published and read by tens of thousands of people. So long as English oratory is read or studied, so long will his speeches stand high in literature. Let us therefore be thankful for the grand works he has left us, and rejoice that we find in his character so much that is worthy of admiration.

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ery-day incidents while a stormy evening will provoke no end of horror-laden stories, especially when experienced men lead the conversation. But to my story, One summer, the lattci part o August, I was to attend a comfortable "smoker” at the house of one of my friends. At my arrival I found all other guests already assembled, They were all old acquaintances ex cepting one, an English army-surgeon. but shortly returned from I li dia, by the name of Howard Sidney, Like so many other Europeans in India, lie had been forced to resign his position on account of ill health and was in America to seek rest and quiet, The night was sultry and a storm was brewing in the west. After we had settled down comfortably and that curious feeling of mingled anxietv and safety was beginning to creep over us, our host proposed that Dr. Sidney give us a story on some experience in India. The proposal was received with acclama tions from all, and the doctor com plied with the following story, which I have endeavored to repro duce as faithfully as possible. At a time of comparative quiet in India the detachment of soldiers in Five Minutes which Dr. Sidney served was quarIt is peculiar to observe how con- tered in a northern suburb of the versation at social gatherings, par- city of Calcutta. The bungalows of ties and common calls is most ef- the officers constituted quite a setiectively influenced by weather, be tlement with,the hospital as a centhe dispositions of the visitors what ter. The doctor’s hut, which he hey may. Not only is the weather had chosen for himself, stood some1 se su )jec of conversation, but what aloof from the others, as he A017 hlr subJects gov- wanted perfect rest and quiet when erned by the weather conditions. On off duty. He lived alone with an sultry or clear days, for instance old servant, who slept in a hut near the discourse will generally be di by. rected towards common-place, evIn the somewhat lengthened stay

THE BLACK AND RED. in these quarters Dr. Sidney had gradually accustomed himself to a regular routine, which he followed exactly each day, as far as his duty allowed. He would arise at 5 o’clock and take baths and meals at the same time every day. His bed room was on the northern side of the house with a large window fac ing toward the fields and jungle be yond. To awake regularly, the doc tor always, had an alarm-clock at his bed-side. On a sultry evening in July of the year 18—, the doctor went to his bedroom as usual at 9 o’clock. He was hot and tired out by his day’s work among the fever-patients and not in a mood to see to trifles. With unwonted carelessness lie at tended to the locking of doors and windows, set his clock, drew down the blinds and went to bed. He did not, however, forget one precaution, his revolver. A number of reports had been received how a band of robbers was at work in the vicinity, visiting lone houses at nighttime. Although Dr. Sidney was not too heavily burdened with riches, he did not relish even a passing acquaint ance with such guests. The surgeon was naturally a sound sleeper, and the strenuous work in the hot sun that day had used up all his strength, He was afraid that his alarm clock would not be able to wake him the next morning. To his surprise, however, he found himself suddenly wide awake early in the morning without the aid of an alarm. He looked at the clock. It was five minutes to five. What had been the cause of his awakening? He had a vague feel ing of some danger threatening, which he failed to analyze. There

was a certain subdued noise in the room betokening the presence of some living being. He was at the point of rising to investigate when he casually glanced upward. The sight that met his gaze literally froze him with horror. There were some wooden beams below the roof of the roughly-hewn bungalow which served to support the walls on both sides. Pendent from one of these the surgeon saw a huge cobra of the most dangerous kind. There it hung by a few coils, slowly swinging to and fro. The glit tering eyes, the bullet-shaped head were directly in line with his head, always in the same plane, as if run ning in a groove. The first impulse of the thoroughly frightened man was to reach for his revolver; Those steady, enraged eyes held him like a charm. He attempted to yell. His throat was as dry as sand and emitted no sound. And if he had suc ceeded to cry for help, what would it have availed him? There was no help near. Slowly, very slowly, but with deadly sureness the head was low ered. " One coil after another un wound itself from the rafter with horrible smoothness. At the same unwavering pace the head swung nearer and yet nearer his face. One, two, three minutes had pass ed—they seemed an eternity to the helpless man. If but something would break that horrible, enervat ing spell! If there would only come a sudden call to the hospital, which at other times he so detested! But no! The world outside was dead in sleep. Nothing was moving, nothing but that dire head! The thought of the revolver so near at hand was agonizing. His

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head began to ache; he imagined he could hear the slipping body about the beam. But he only imagined it; the snake was already only hanging by the very tip of the tail. The mus cles in its neck and body were stif fening. The next oscillation and the deadly fangs would be buried in his face, when-----brrrr—sharp and clear rang out the sound of the alarm. Like a flash the snake turned. The spell was broken. The enraged ani mal drove its head with all force against the innocent clock. In an in stant the doctor levelled his revolver and blew out the brains of the al ready recoiling reptile. With that al so lie dropped, and the servant, run ning up at the sound of the shots,

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THE BLACK AND RED. found his master in absolute col lapse. Doctor Sidney never forgot one thing again in the remaining years of his stay and that was the locking of doors, windows and all other apertures. The alarm-clock, his life saver, was repaired and now serves as a memento of those awful 5 min utes. The story had been told in such a realistic manner that we hardly dared to move when he had ended. The storm, which had been threat ening, was raging with great fury. It was only with reluctance that we parted to walk alone through the dark to our own apartments, seeing all the while fantastic shapes of cobras in all positions imaginable, but all ready to strike. W. S. ’ll.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Stadenta of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, Ml BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, M 1 PAUL FROEHLKE, M2

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, Ml HENRY HEISE, M 1 WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, Ml WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Literary Department aro requested from alumni and undergraduates. All Itornry mailer should be addressed to tho Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions aro 75 cents por annum, payable In advance. Single copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted In payment. Notify us If you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red Is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation Is received and until all arrearages aro paid. Entered at tho Postolllce of Watertown, Wls., as second-class matter.

EMVOmAL Watertown and Northwestern Hitherto the relations existing be tween the students of Northwestern and the citizens of Watertown have in general been most friendly. There are, however, some persons who are prejudiced against the school for some reason or other and fail to give it that recognition to which it has a right to lay claim, For the benefit of those we desire to draw attention to a few facts. Does Watertown derive any bene fit from having this institution in

its midst? It certainly does. North western saturates Watertown with that spirit peculiar to a college only. That “mysterious something” at tendant on institutions of learning hovers over Watertown, it permeates the air, and is imbibed by all who come in contact with it. The demon strations on the occasion of a base ball or football game instill life and enthusiasm into the city, such as may be expected from a group of healthy able-bodied young men whose aim is to develop mind and body along well-defined lines of Christian morality. The military

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THE BLACK AND RED. acquire first a good general educa tion and then begin to specialize. There is, however, another method through which education can be readily acquired, and that is by travel. It cannot be denied that travel is a powerful educator, yet the educa tional value of any tour depends largely upon the manner in which it is conducted. A six months’ tour through the museums and art gal leries of Europe under judicious guidance may result in an education in history and art. Without such guidance it will end in a jumble of ideas, that is a failure. If, then, in the opinion of educators and as judged by its results travel is so useful a means of true education, how comes it that it is not more generally and systematically cultivated as a means of intellectual training? It is because many students who would seek their education by that method lack the necessary money and there are very few funds which provide for travel in foreign coun tries. True it is, there are more American dollars obtainable for education than for any other thing. Rich men cannot bequeath wisdom. they can never make a school, but Education and Travel they can give the opportunitv to learn. How is it that tne The value of a good education is rich men and the promoters of true universally acknowledged; but as education do not try to bring it to what it consists in and by what within the reach of youths to whom method it may be best obtained, it is not available? The explanation there is wide diversity of opinion, seems to be that they abhor what At most of our advanced American seems to be new and untried, and schools, the students give that study consequently experimental; they do which interests them most and by not believe in making our colleges which they expect to make their into experimental institutions. But living their special attention as early the Japanese have been doing someas possible. Again at a few other thing of this sort for the last fifty schools, the students are advised to years and not a nation on earth has

company, the only organization of its kind in Watertown, has given exhibitions of drill and a sham bat tle on Memorial day, which have been witnessed by hundreds; and the college band has on such an oc casion rendered appropriate selec tions. Furthermore, those students that leave Watertown on the com pletion of their college course contribute not a little towards spreading the name of this fair city. Those who are inclined to view the school with a suspicious eye should bear in mind the foregoing facts. A goodly portion of Watertown’s citizens, however, has realized these facts, and acknowledges the school as one furthering the interests of the community, to say nothing of the high standard of scholarship maintained there. The merchants have contributed loyally to the athletic fund; the annual concert of the musical organizations of the college have been liberally patronized. The students are cognizant of these facts, and the people may rest assured that they will do all in ^eTTr^°wer Promo^e *he welfare of Watertown. _______ _______

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THE BLACK AND RED. made greater progress than they have; why should the American not make a success of it? Permanent, Universal Peace; An Impossibility Of the many societies and organ izations that have sprung into ex istence in the last generations are the peace societies. They are strong advocates of arbitration and of lim itation of armament, and the end in view is the early realization of per manent peace among nations of the world. But is such a state of affairs possible on this earth? No! Permanent, universal peace is incompatible with human nature. Nations may be compared to indi viduals. As long as two persons will quarrel, so long will breaches of concord likely come to pass be tween two countries. Human nature is sinful, and will remain so to the end of days. Thus fights and disa greements will continue among us, and nations, built up of many class es of people, will indisputably be subject to the same conditions. How can it be otherwise ? The mere fact that there are different forms of government on earth necessarily im plies that nations will contend with one another, not only on the field of commerce, but also on the field of battle. Human nature is such 'in nations and people that they dis trust and suspect the action of an other. This eventually leads to wars, and no agreement or complicated treaties, which are merely a jingle of words put into a formal state ment, can avert them. The fallibility of treaties was brought out in strong relief by Aus tria’s acquirement of territory,

which was virtually under guardian ship of Turkey, not so long ago. This action was against all treaty rights, but had to be tolerated sim ply because Germany with its wellequipped army and navy backed Austria. War was almost precipi tated, and to this day it is by no means “all quiet along the Potom ac.” Treaties will not brush aside dangers of war, nor will the plan proposed by peace societies—to po lice nations. It is the conviction of these peo ple that countries can be policed just as the people of a state are kept under control by an adequate po lice force. This, they think, will es tablish peace among nations. But page after page of history relates how people dissatisfied with their government overthrew it. Nations will do the same thing. Those na tions which are not in favor of a cer tain decision of an international court will join hands and try. to overthrow the partv which abides with the decision. This, of course, would lead to nothing less than a world war. Rather a war fought be tween two countries than a war in volving all nations in all its fury! The advocates of international peace press their cause in season and out of season. Many have been the incentives, and they have, earn estly desired to bring abolition of war to a just and rational solution, but their efforts shall not be crown ed with success, because the princinle of permanent, universal peace is not.in accordance with the Bible. Christ says in clear and unmis takable words in sneaking of the omens preceding Judgment Day, when He shall come in all his glory to pronounce sentence on the living

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and dead: “And ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines and pestilences, and earthquakes in divers places. All these are but the beginning of sorrows.” But even since universal peace shall not come to a realization, this fact ought not to deter us from lending a helping hand to the peace societies. They are working in the name of humanity, and through their efforts possiblities of wars are minimized. It is to be sincerely hoped that with in the next few years a closer friend ship and better understanding may exist between the different nations. This will mean the termination of the present ruinous rivalry in naval armaments. But nevertheless, since permanent, universal peace is an im possibility—“Para Bellum.”

To the Editor of the Black and Red . , Yiew °* the movement to givmg of a. new name to our instituti°n I wish to take advantage of the opportunity in proposing this style: —Germania College. As the field of educational activity of our col lege is not limited to Wisconsin, on

the contrary reaches over this entire country, it is of value to accept a name of general character. The fact that our college is supported by the issue of the Germanic nation ought to find expression also. The policy of our institution, aiming at high ideals as it does, would only be typified in this great name, Germania, which is familiar to all those interested in educational matters, Signed: FRED SCHULZ, (Correction from Milwaukee.) The Northwestern smoker, of which you have a report on page 31 signed by M, was such a thorough success, I am satisfied, not one of those present but would like to see these two corrections: In the first place by type-displacement the list of speakers and officers became jumbled. In the second place Prof. Moussa’s name should be inserted in the list of speakers. It was as a fit conclusion of his telling remarks that the unprecedented happened, scil., that then and there $100 were voted to Athletics. I can sec why the name was omitted, since the artide is signed “M.” The list of speakers then, should read (and that clears the list of officers) : “Rev. Gausewitz, Dr. A. Hoermann, Rev. O. Hoencckc , Prof. H. Moussa, Prof. Ernst, Dr. Notz and others.” Milwaukee, Wis. ONE OF ’EM.

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C©LL1^E TOTES Concert

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May 6th our band, orchestra, and choir gave the tenth annual concert. Although the sky had been overcast during the day, it did not rain in the evening; therefore every seat in the house was taken by friends of the boys from Watertown and neigh boring cities, but especially from Milwaukee. They gave the boys a most enthusiastic reception. They were not disappointed in their ex pectations, for it can be said that the concert was a success in every respect. Storms of applause greeted every effort and repeatedly the aud ience called for encores. The program: 1. (a) “Bocadia” March..J. Casto (b) “Hungarian Comedy”---........................................Keler Bela N. W. U. Band. Prof. H. Frank, Director 2. (a) “True to the Flag/ March ......................................F. von Blon (b) “Die Romantiker,” Waltz ........................................ L. Lanner N. W. U. Orchestra, Prof. A. Kuhn, Director 3. Waldgesang W. Tschirch N. W. U. Male Chorus, Prof. A. Kuhn, Director 4. Brautfahrt in Hardanger.......... H. Kjerulf Vocal Quartet Prof. C. Bolle, 2nd Bass, Walter Pankow, 1st Bass, Karl Kluen der 2nd Tenor, Otto Hohenstein, 1st Tenor 5. Baritone Solo, “The Volunteer” ............................... Walter Rogers William Limpert (G. F. Schlei, Ac companist)

“Old King Cole..R. De Koven Vocal Quartet 7. Landkjending (Land Sighting) Edward Grieg Male Chorus with Baritone Solo by Karl Kluender, N. W. U. Male Chorus assisted by an Orchestra 8. “Le Postilion de Lonjumeau” Theo. Moses-Tobani N. W. U. Orchestra 9. (a) “Morning, Noon and Night in Vienna,” Overture.F. v. Suppe (b) “Kaiser” Overture.E. Kiesler N. W. U. Band Several of the organizations gave encores; the chorus followed “Waldgesang” by “Juanita,” a charming Spanish love-song. After its first number the quartet sang “O schoene Zeit,” after the second one ‘‘The Three Bumblebees” and “Good-Night.” Mr. Limpert played “Edelweiss” after his solo, which he had rendered in the style of a virtuoso. These same organizations will give several more concerts, one in Milwaukee, one in Hartland, and perhaps one in Oconomowoc.

Literary Society Saturday evening, April 23d, the last literary program of this season was rendered. It had been arranged by Mr. J. Ruege, who can be con gratulated on his choice of the dia logue. It was ably acted and met with the applause that it deserved. The farewell address of the presi dent was a touching bit of elo quence. i

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The program: Recitation.. Regulus to the Romans W. Hillmer The Owl Critic Recitation L. Koeninger Dialogue.. A Lesson in Geography Bruns, Reier, E. Martin, Wietzke, Keibel, Marohn, Hartwig ... Perils of Optimism Recitation G. Thrun Pigs is Pigs Recitation A. Stiemke Recitation .Unerwartete Taeschung W. Keibel Das Gewitter Recitation E. Martin Farewell Address W. Lutz O. Plath was appointed critic. This season has been an unusual ly successful one. Last fall many new members were taken up, but these, without exception, have turn• ed out to be hard workers. The pro grams gained very much in interest, especially by the large number of well acted dialogues. The member ship also increased until it is again up to the standard of former years.

Alma Mater

In a previous number of the Black and Red the first stanza of a college hymn beginning “Hail to the, O Alma Mater!” was printed. Since then two more have been added. By the moat-encircling river, Thine old city’s castled crown, Thou dost offer, lordly giver Seed and soil of all renown:— Simple hall and shaded pathway, Scholar’s quiet, sweet retreat; Open field in bracing sunlight, Lists for athletes’ battle meet.

We,thy children, sing thy praises Thy rule and example fair; Word and deed of ours but raises Thy dear standard upward e’er. Loyally in play or battle, As thou strong and gentle, we Seek thy fame with glad endeavor. Alma Mater, hail to thee! Mr. Herbert Jenny of Boston, a former student, has composed an in spiring accompaniment and dedi cated it to our male chorus. Marchout The Reverend Sauer of Juneau has sent the company and band an invitation for a marchout to Ju neau. No date has as yet been set, but in all probability the marchout will take place in the beginning of June. Band Plays at Dedication On May 8th the band played at the dedication of the Home for Epi leptic and Feebleminded Children. During the services they played the chorals, and after they were over a number of selections, thus adding to the entertainment. A Plea for Northwestern During the past year there ha? been much agitation for a college song and a new name for our Alma Mater. The question regarding the college song seems to be settled, but opinions differ as to the name our institution ought to adopt. Several names have been suggest ed. In the March number of the BLACK AND RED an alumnus

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THE BLACK AND RED. proposes “Wisconsin Lutheran Col lege,” contending that this is the most appropriate name for our school. But I think a few other things ought to be taken into con sideration. In the first place our school is by no means the only Lutheran college in the state, and second it would not fit altogether, because our institution is also af filiated with the Lutheran synods of Minnesota, Michigan and Neb raska. And furthermore it seems to be the ardent desire of most stud ents to keep the “NORTHWEST ERN” part of our name. A few days ago the senior class accidentally touched upon this question in one of their recitations, and this seemed to be the general wish. Probably some members of the Alumni have the same wish. Now, why should we not follow the example of Lawrence College and simply change the “University” part of our name to “College?” Some may object, because there is a Northwestern College in Naper ville, Illinois; but why should not two Northwestern Colleges exist alongside each other as well as two Northwestern Universities? If I am not mistaken, Naperville is a good deal farther away from us than Ev anston : and besides the Naperville institution is a much smaller col

lege than ours. Some of our friends, known as the Northwestern Club, have lately been incorporated under that name in Milwaukee. They will certainly have to adopt a different name, if we change ours to anything else than NORTHWESTERN COL LEGE. Just think, how we should feel if we could no more cheer for “OLD NORTHWESTERN.” As an Eng lishman said, “A President may be all right but give me something to love, give me a king;” let us have a name to which affection and mem ory clings, not any prosaic term. A STUDENT. Note The executives of .Marquette Uni versity of Milwaukee and of the Augustana College of Rock Island, Illinois have requested President A. F. Ernst to deliver the main address at the commencement exercises of their institutions this year. It is o. interest to note that the colleges ol the states are giving more and more attention to the laying of emphasis upon thorough knowledge of the fundamentals of education, as has been the practice at our college for years.

PIS H3EE0S ©MMHBUJS Socialist Victory in Milwaukee Never in the history of any large American city, has there been such a sweeping municipal victory won by

the Social Democratic party as in Milwaukee. Emil Seidel, the Social Democratic candidate for mayor, gained the largest plurality ever obtained in Milwaukee by a candidate

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for the office; he received only 5000 votes less than the combined votes of his opponents. Out of thirty-five members of the common council chosen, twenty-one were Social Democrats. If Mayor Seidel and his friends carry out the program they have begun, they will go into municipal ownership on a grand scale, Some of the things promised included: Home rule for the city, the initiative and the referendum, free legal advice to the poor, municipal coal and woodyards and city iceplant, municipal ownership of street railways, a seat for every passenger in street-cars, three-cent street-car fare, cheaper bread, work for the un employed at union wages, and an eight hour day for labor. It only re mains for the future to decide whether the Social Democrats in the saddle are going to finish the quota tion and “whoop things.” Mayorelect Seidel, after his election was announced, said: “I want to see Mil waukee a city where every man can bring up his children in peace and comfort, and make them good citi zens and good men and women; where the common man and the rich man may find happiness and the en joyment of the things which go to make life worth the living.”

cation to Colonel Roosevelt, by re quest of Monsignor Kennedy, the Rector of the American Catholic College: “The Holy Father will be delighted to grant audience to Mr. Roosevelt on April 5, and hopes nothing will arise to prevent it, such as the much-regretted incident which made the reception of Mr. Fairbanks impossible.” The proposed visit of Mr. Fairbanks to the Vatican was cancelled, because he was to give a talk in the Methodist chapel soon after. Colonel Roosevelt aj. Qnce answered this telegram, saying that he could not accept condi tions such as those mentioned. In a message through The Outlook he advised the American people what to think about this affair. He says: “I most earnestly hope that the in cident will be treated in a matter-ofcourse way, as merely personal, and, above all, as not warranting the slightest exhibition of rancor and bitterness. * * * The important consideration is the avoidance of harsh and bitter comment such as may excite mistrust and anger bctween and among good men.” There is wide diversity of opinion as to the relation between the Methodists in Rome and the Vatican, but almost everybody believes that Mr. Roose velt did his best in urging that the matter should not be regarded as a Mr. Roosevelt and the Vatican subject of controversy. We surely Incident regard his action as honorable and Mr. Roosevelt, while in Africa, ex- patriotic. pressed his desire, in a message to Ambassador Leishman, to have an The Rockefeller Foundation audience with the King of Italy, and Mr. John D. Rockefeller has analso said that he should be happy also to be presented to the Pope, nounced his purpose to incorporate As a result. Ambassador Leishman a large part of his immense fortune, transmitted the following communi- which is to be used for educational

THE BLACK AND RED. and philanthropical purposes. About one hundred and fifty millions have already been given by him to charities, education, and medical research. He has had introduced a bill in congress to grant federal incorporation to the Rockefeller Foundation which will administer his es tate. The terms of the charter for the Foundation state that the mon ey is to be used “for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, the prevention and relief of suffering, ami the promotion of any and all the elements of human progress.” Some people, however, look with suspicion upon this gift; they believe Mr. Rockefeller is offering the people of the United States a bribe. This seems hardly possible, and we ought to look ui)on this as a gener ous provision for public welfare.

Lindsborg Musical Festival

“The Messiah” was completed in 1741 and presented for the first time in Dublin. It is Haendel’s most famous production, In recent years the Lindsborg chorus has added John Sebastian Bach's “Christmas Oratorio,”— “VVeihnachtsoratorium to its rep ertoire. This was composed in 1734. After the death of its composer it was neveJ rendered as a complete work until 1844. h? festivals at Lindsborg are an artistJC uplift for the community, insPinng 111 Bie students and citizens al,kc ? >°ve fTor suPer'or sacred mu’ s.c—Ijuther League Review.

(Jkorg Unuttfccr, Sr. f (Socben edjalten roir bie betrftbenbe 5J?adjrirfjt, bag £>err ©corg Srumber, bee Cefi&er bet ©erniania, im 2Uter bon nafjeju einunb* fie&aifl Satjren in feiner SBofjnung ju 8RU* roaufee nadj turner Jt'ranHjeit entfcfjlafen ift. fterr Srumber roar ein langjaljrigeS ©lieb bet ©nabengemeinbe, aurfj roieberfjolt 3Jtit* glieb be$ SerroaitungSrateS unferer 2Inilalt. 2(n firrfjlicfjen ©ingen nafjm er gro&eS 3n* tereffe unb unterftu&te bie SBerfe be§ 9?eicfje3 ©otte3 mit natjmljaftcn ©utninen. 2H8 ©efdjfiftSmann fjatte er bebeutenben ©rfolg unb rourbe unter ©otte§ <5egen trofc feine$ geringen 2(nfange3 ein reicfjer 9)?ann. Son bielen roirb er bermijjt roerben, unb audj unjerc 2tnftalt berliert an itjm einen roarmen frreunb. ©er $err trbfte bie fjinterbliebene SBitroe unb ifjre Stinber, unb ertjatte ba« Slnbenfen ©eorg 33rumber3 unter un§ in 2i. 3. e. ©fjren.

Bethany College at Lindsborg, Kansas, ranks first among Lutheran institutions in point of numbers, having an enrollment of one thousand students. But this is not its only distinction,—since 1882 it has annually held a musical festival, at which its students render “The Messiah.” At the first rendition eighty voices made up the chorus, directed by the late Dr. Swensson. Today it has a roster of 565 voices, with an orchestra of fifty pieces. The annual festival is an event for the entire neighborhood. The week is given up to concerts and recitals, culminating in the great Oratorio of Haendel. The Bethany students have rendered it seventy-five times all told. Wmmi

THE BLACK AND RED.

Le roi est molt, vive le roi Early Saturday morning, May 7, the world was shocked by the news of the sudden death of England’s king, Edward VII. But a few days before his end he was attacked by a bronchial disease, which developed

into pneumonia and proved fatal. The ruler, successor to Queen Vic toria, was well beloved by his peopie and will be mourned over by all. His successor is George V., his second son. Will he have the success of his father ?

ALilll I

Gleanings of Roman History from the Odes of Horace Prof. W. C. Hermann, Luther Insti tute, Chicago. There can be no doubt that up to the last two decades the students of Roman history have followed too closely the writings of Roman his torians. To be sure, among all the writers • of literature, the historian stands out foremost as the man whose object it should be to place before the vision of his readers a vivid picture of the rise and fall of nations. It is the duty of the histor ian to investigate the authenticity of his facts, to work out the true relation of events, to discriminate between cause and effect, and then to combine and relate in proper or der the result of his investigation. In brief, history, if worthy of the name, must be dealt with objective ly, never subjectively. To prove how little that has been the case with some of the most emi nent Latin writers of history, calls for no long discussion. We need only to make mention of Tacitus. What a Tiberus he has given us! It has also been generally overlook-

ed that the greatest Latin writers catered to the upper classes in Rome and thus failed.to give an adequate picture of the lower strata in the Roman populace. It readily becomes manifest that other writers must also be taken in to account if one would attain a comprehensive view and an ade quate conception of Roman political and social life. The life of every na tion is reflected in all its literature. Again, certain phases of life arc best brought out by writers who lived through the respective period about which they write and who were associated with the contend If we ing elements of the state, should choose men of ability, far sighted men, eyewitnesses, who commanded the entire situation, we should have a testimony far superior to one that is given by a historian who merely relates traditional facts that he can no longer investigate. These remarks will justify, as it is hoped, the brief investigation con tained in the subsequent pages which is to set forth GLEANINGS OF ROMAN HIS TORY FROM THE ODES OF HORACE.

THE BLACK AND RED. Author of the Odes.

quainted with every phase of Ro man life. We certainly must ever bear in mind that Horace was not a writer of history, but of verse. If, for this reason, we must make due allow ance for poetic diction and an occa sional lofty sail on sublime pinions, we nevertheless get a vivid picture of Roman political and social affairs of his time from his writings. The sketches of Roman history that he has given to posterity in his “Odes” will be treated under the several headings of the subsequent discussion. The Roman State.

Q'uintus Horatius Flaccus was born at Venusia in Apulia, Decem ber 8, 65 B. C. His father was a freedman, the owner of a small farm, but he was determined to give his son the best education possible. The school at Venusia was unsatisfac tory for this, and Horace’s father moved to Rome with his family. At Rome Horace attended the best school, where he came in contact with the sons of wealthy and noble parents. The father exercised per sonal supervision over the son, ac companying him to school, and call ing his attention to what was going on about him, pointing out too the When the second emperor of evil effect of bad conduct and giving Rome said in the midst of that old him advice. From Rome Horace went to Athens to study philosophy. and venerable body of men in the Horace was still at Athens when Roman senate house, “The rulers Brutus arrived with his army after may pass away, but the state is the death of Juilus Caesar in 44 B. eternal!” he certainly said what ev C. Like many young patriotic Ro ery true Roman was proud to hear, mans he joined the army of Brutus and what he felt within his own A world without Rome? with the rank of “tribunus militum.” bosom. Never! Rome eternal! How grand! After the (light of the Roman army How sublime! and yet, how vain! at Philippi, he returned to Rome. How often had Rome stood on the He found his property confiscated very edge of the grave! How near and was forced to earn a livelihood had it come to digging its own as a clerk of the quaestor. “Poverty, grave- in the days of Horace. Horace he says, drove me to write verses;’’ tells us with a few dashes of his and his poems certainly brought him powerful pen what terrible scenes prosperity. He now enjoyed the presented themselves to his vision. friendship of other great writers of He passed through the days of civil his time and became the intimate war. He saw the swords that the friend of Maecenas,.the able minis Roman soldiers once swung so gal ter of Augustus. Maecenas introduc lantly, with which they had con ed him to Augustus, who counted quered people after people, nation Horace among his friends and of after nation, now covered with the fered him a political office. In this blood of Rome’s noblest sons. The way Horace reposed at the very swords that should have been sharp bosom of Rome’s greatest political ened for the formidable Parthian, and social sons and became ac- the chief enemy of Rome, are whet-

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ted for civil war. Rome ,the giantess among the nations of the earth, is now disabled, she has maimed herself with her own sword, to the satisfaction of her enemies. Such deeds are not without consequences. The wrath of the gods has come upon Rome. Her fortunes are shattered, her sanctuaries destroyed, her glory is trampled in the dust. At the sight of such visions, Horace, as it were, stretches out his hands to the eternal gods. But whom of the gods shall he invoke to save the sinking empire? He stands aghast awaiting an answer to his lamentations: “Who shall expiate our wickedness? Who shall repair our name and fame, our glory and virtue? But he not only sees revolution within the Roman state, but also formidable enemies without that may deal the final death blow to waning Rome. “Shall the Parthians make incursions with impunity?” He finds his answer: “You, O Caeser, be our general.” When Octavius had gained the victory over Antony at Actium, the ship of state lay in a deplorable con dition. Everything in the state was in need of repair. The whole ship must be refitted, lest the storms of the time and the fretting waves of revolution should dash it to pieces, Can Rome’s sons dazzled with vain glory of the past and heedless of the danger in the future, venture to sail in it unmended? Farsighted men of the time saw that a change was not only desirable but absolutely necessary. Among these men was Horace. He, therefore, as if pointing to a danger-sign, calls out to the Roman state: “Look to yourself unless you are destined to be a sport of the winds. Learn this lesson. A sailor

in the raging storm does not look smilingly at the picture on the stern. He will not say to himself the ship is built of good timber, it is He will not safe in every event. trust to the well chosen name that may sound sweet and musical in the calm. He will do one thing, if it be left for him to do, he will steer into a safe harbor and cast his anchor there, and with a sigh of alleviation jie wjh Say, safe at last. Let Roman citizens also adopt a wise policy in this hour of fear and danger. May Rome not he dazzled by her glory an(j name of bygone days; may she not he proud and self-sufficient to point to the fame of her dead heroes, Here is your course: It is vain! “Rome, bravely seize the port, en trust yourself to Caesar!” Rome, we know, in the hour of peril took the course that Horace Octavius was wished she might, chosen to direct the course of the state, and with a keen intuition of all points of danger he steered Rome through the raging billows, and Rome was safe. Horace, however, did not live to see what Augustus did for the Ro man state. He saw it only in part. Nevertheless he could sing to the praise of Augustus and to his own satisfaction these strains to the lyre, which may seem to say little to us, but they said everything to him: “Your age, O Caesar, has restored plenteous crops to the fields; it has shut up the temple of Janus built by Romulus. It has imposed due discipline upon headstrong licentiousness, and has extirpated crimes, and recalled ancient arts. The Latin name and the strength of Italy have increased, the fame and majesty of

THE BLACK AND RED. the empire are extended from the sun’s western bed to its eastern. While Caesar is guardian of affairs neither civil rage and violence nor foreign hatred shall set at variance the Roman state.” Could Horace have lived to see the day when Augustus put aside the reins of government to be taken up by his able successor, he would have had occasion to sing greater praises. Probably he would have sung to his lyre and given to poster ity an Ave Roma Immortalis. (To

Continued.)

Northwestern Club Notes

Through the courtesy of former secretary E. H. Karrer the head quarters of the club will remain in his commodious suite of offices in the Caswell Block. Mr. Karrer, who was one of the founders of our col lege military batallion, later becom ing quartermaster, is president of the E. H. Karrer company, dealers in surgical instruments and hospital supplies. Extensive preparations are being made by an executive committee of the Northwestern Club for the con cert to be given by the musical so cieties of our institution the early part of June in Milwaukee. Members of the Northwestern University Club of Milwaukee have organized an octette which made its initial public appearance at the last annual reunion of Milwaukee Alum ni. The following old boys being members: i st Tenors, H. Eggebrecht, Pau Guenther. 2d Tenors, H. Ebert, O. T. Ernst. ist Basso, W. T. Schmidt, A. Brockmann. 2d Basso, A. Dammann, R. Breutzmann. “Old Northwestern,” the recently published Alma Mater song, was given its first rendition at the above occasion in an acceptable manner.

A special committee composed of Oscar Gricbling. Rev. H. Ebert and E. von Bricsen have filed articles of incorporation of the Northwestern University Club of Milwaukee, with the secretary of state. They have al so undertaken the drawing up of by laws. The membership of this club will be limited to former students residing in the county of Milwau kee. The officers elected for the ensu ing year were installed at the joint meeting of the old and new officers April 27: President, Dr. Fred F. John, phy THEY’RE BOUND TO WIN. sician. ist Vice President, Louis UngThe work of gathering the sum of rodt, teacher. 2d Vice President, Emil Prasser, twenty-five thousand dollars for the purpose of erecting a new gymnas wholesale furniture jobber. Treasurer, Julius Dammann, with ium for our college is being pushed with increased vigor by the gym J. Andrae & Co. Secretary, Otto J. Wallber, with nasium building fund committee of the Milwaukee Northwestern Club. Elmore Coal Co. Trustee, A. T. Meckelburg, Meck- Sums ranging from ten to three thousand dollars have already been elburg Sash and Door Co.

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received or subscribed. Every profession is represented on the roll of honor, ministers, teachers, business men, physicians and lawyers; all realize the urgent need of a new gym. Members of the committee directing this extraordinary campaign are: E. A. Wurster, ’72, chairman.

John T. Lochner^ *72. Oscar Griebling, ’78. August Bendler, ’78. Carl Gausewitz, ’78. Dr. Fred F. John, 81. Herman Ebert, ’84. Julius Danuuann, ’92. E. H. Karrer, 92* Otto T. Ernst, ’02.

To the Northwestern Club in Session at Milwaukee

Greetings to you, compeers, commilitants, And friends of Old Northwestern, dear to me. Though absent bodily, and buried ’neath The mound of duties onerous at times Yet blessed,—eagerly my spirit hastes Astride winged Pegasus to be with you. Do I not hear you say ’tis Rosinante, Not Pegasus I’m on?—’Tis true my steed Is lame, and somewhat underfed besides, It’s wings are clipped,—it can not soar on high; But still ’tis willing limpingly to bear My ardent wishes, and my sore regrets, To you who meet fraternally to drink Our Alma Mater’s health, and seriously To counsel her improvement and advance. ’Tis true, my harp’s nigh stringless and no crown Of laurel decks my slowly wrinkling brow; But as I am, I’m with you, for every plan That promises the furtherance and growth Of Old Northwestern, our mutual love. Fain would I be with you to revel free From present duties, and from anxious cares, In the extravagance of memory’s stores: Fain would I clasp the hand of lifelong friends, Who dearer grow as death their ranks thins out, And look into the eyes of some not seen Since boys we were brimful of bubbling life— And nonsense, you will say,—which I concede. But as it may not be; I’ll imitate The exile far from home, and friends, and kin, Who lonesome sits, and in his busy mind The scenes congenial to his tastes calls up In innocent conjurement at his will: I’ll spur my halting Pegasus to kick Helicon again, so that, perchance, From out his feeble print gush forth the fount Of inspiration, Hippocrene, and flow into your midst. And now in fine, I give you as a toast “Our Alma Mater,” May she ever thrive! W. HUTH, ’81.

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THE BLACK AND RED. A Baseball Game (1) A POEM (2) Perpetrated by a “Quartaner” in ’85, discovered 25 years later among old papers, and edited now for the first time by the author, with exten sive notes for the benefit of the pres ent generation. The Sacred Hearts (3) a challenge sent And to our college grounds they went. They were so sure they’d win the game, That they brought up (5) a pitcher lame. (6) At first things did look rather sad, Our boys were weak again at bat, While helped by errors, joyfully grinning. T’other side scored freely every inning. (7) Ted’s (8) chin dropped, as the game went on. But yet his hopes were not quite gone. “Come on, boys, play! We’ll beat them still.” “Pitch them in, He cried aloud, Bill.” (9) And all at once our boys did make Full thirty tallies in a break. (10) This the (11) could not exceed, For it was too great a lead. (12) We 'shouted and yelled throughout that inning. Being fully assured that we were winning. Thus ended the game, and the score Was sixty-six to forty-four. (13)

(1) A true account of a game played in the spring of 1885. The poem was manufactured by hard labor several months later. The au thor did not mount Pegasus of his own accord, but driven to by sheer necessity. A poem had to be writ ten for the recitation with Prof. K. (2) The reader is advised to take out an accident policy, or at least proceed very cautiously lest he stumble and hurt himself; for the poem was written in conformi ty with Doctor’s favorite hexame ter: Nos Poloni non curamus quantitatem syllabarum. (3) First nine of the College of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, the only college team our boys met on the battle field in the beginning of the Eighties. (4) Our team had been defeated by them quite a number of times, so that we nearly looked upon it as the natural state of affairs. Much more so our opponents, But this game brought a pleasant and last ing change. (5) Up from town. He had been, we were positive, imported. (6) The pitcher was quite an elderly person and was actually limping a little. (7) At this stage of the game, end of the sixth inning, the S. H. led by more than twenty runs. (8) E. Fischer, ’86, captain and first baseman. (9) W. Schwerman, ’86, our star pitcher. (10) A proper rhyme to “make” not being readily found, the author resorted to poetical license. Break: inning, the interruption, end of the inning, taken for the time before the interruption took place. (11) Here the manuscript is ef-

THE BLACK AND RED.

faced. The only letter somewhat legible by means of a powerful reading glass is the first letter of the word. Seems to be an M. (12) Nearly all our boys were to bat four times during that glorious seventh inning. Hits, singles, doubles, etc., were plentiful. There was no lack of errors either, but the scorer was kept too busy otherwise, that he had no time to put down the errors. (13) The actual score, as could be proven, if my friend Krischan, alias Hercules, alias Don Knoustics, who was in possession of the old score books, were yet with us. ’90.

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Rev. John Manz, of Milwaukee and Alfred Korn of Burlington, Wis., all former students of this institution, were present at the wedding and at the same time visited their old Alma Mater, John E. Voigt, who entered the institution in ’87, is proprietor of a drug store in Appleton, Wisconsin and one of the prominent business men Qf the paper city, Alexander Uchling who graduatC(\ from the academy in ’04 has transferred his place of business to Milwaukee and entered the employ Qf Washburn and Faist, Fire Insurance association representatives and real estate dealers.

Alumni Personals Rev. R. Korn of Rising City, Neb. was married to a Miss Schroeder of Watertown in this city on April 30. N. W. U. band serenaded the bridegroom, a former student, and his bride at the home of the bride. Rev. Theo Albrecht, of Crivitz, Wis.,

3Uumm *9erfamtnltitt9 21. Suni nacfnmttaflS um brei Uljr fiubet in bcrWuta bie jftf)rlicf)c SJcrlnuuuhtufl bc3 9Uumni«®crcin3 mit ©camtcmunfil fiatt. ?lbcnb Qi&t c3 etnen fofl. “Smoker " Slh £>utf) ^orfiOcr.

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ATHILIETIICS CARROLL 4, N. W. U. 1 Northwestern opened its baseball season on the 7th of May by playing Carroll College of Waukesha. Despite the unfavorable weather conditions a fine article of ball was delivered, the game being characterized -by that snap and dash essential to a good game of baseball. Arthur Berg, the brawny youth from Caledonia, Wisconsin twirled for Northwestern. He had splendid control and an assortment of curves that baffled the batters. Carroll played good ball

at times, but was weak at batting. The lineup was as follows: Carroll, R II PO A E Davies, If. 0 0 0 0 2 McKean, If I O O O O Ross, p.\. OO3IO Whitney, c... 3 i i i 1 Glover, 3b.... 03322 McDonald, 2b O I 3 4 1 Smith, rf 00000 Grible, cf. 00201 Miller,* ib 00800 Copps*, ss 0 14 3 3 Totals

6 24 11 10

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THE BLACK AND RED. Northwestern. R H PO A E Frey, If.............. 1100 i F. Schweppe, ib___2 o 8 1 1 Ziesemer, c 23911 C. Schweppe, 2b.... 2 1 2 3 0 E. Berg, 3b. 22320 A. Berg, p.. 33222 Lehmann, rf 1 3 2 1 1 Koch, ss... 01111 Whyte, rf.. 00000 Mahnke, rf. 10000

Totals

14 14 27 11

Summary—Three-base hit, Zicsemcr: two-base hit, Frey; struck out by Berg 6, by Ross 1; base on balls off Berg 2, off Ross 3; passed balls, Whitney 3; double 'plays, A. Berg to F. Schweppe to Ziesemer, E. Berg to F. Schweppe to Ziesemer, Miller (unassisted): stolen bases, Frey. E. Berg 2, Glover; umpire, Schultz; time, 2:40; attendance, 300. May 11th, 2:30 P. M. RIPON 5, N. W. U. 5. Game called after eighth inning to allow visitors time to catch their train. Just before going to press; write-up on game in next number. Great interest is taken in tennis at Northwestern this year, proving conclusively that this popular sport is receiving that share of attention which it deserves, and which, if con-

tinued, will enable our boys to compete with teams from other instituThe members have spared tions. neither time nor pains in improving the courts, the old tennis club havjng raised the level of its courts, utilizing for this purpose fifteen loads of earth, procured from the entrenchments on the college campus 'phe steam roller belonging to tjie was use(j to press the earth into a solid mass. The court is now in excellent condition. About fifty of the boys play tennis, using five double courts. There are, however, four individual clubs. It has . been suggested that these four unite and form one club. The president of the old tennis club appointed a commit tee of three to arrange a schedule of doubles to be played before the tournament, which takes place in June. The winner in this tournament receives a silver cup, presented by Mr. R. Ernst, and, if he wins in three tournaments, the cup becomes his own. Malcolm Whyte, the win-* ner in the two last tournaments, is in possession of the cup now. If Mr. Whyte wins in this year’s tourna ment, the cup becomes his property, jt js in the interest of tennis to make the present holder of the cup work for the much-coveted honor and, if possible, wrest it from him.

El! CHIMES The exchange editor of the QUARTERLY TATLER seemed, judging by the introductory remarks to his column, exceedingly weary of the task of criticising. We were, however, agreeably surprised by the well-written, forceful paragraphs which followed. Your long

and praiseworthy literary department is written almost entirely by members of the staff, which seems to show an entire lack of interest on the part of the students. The staff members are not publishing the paper, but the pupils of the school, and an outsider might be forced to

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the disagreeable conclusion that the graph “Alice in Wonderland, givnumber of writers at the school is ing a cast of a class play, in the very limited. “Old Friends” and March number belongs under school “The Imprint” are probably the notes. “A Working Girl’s Letters” most original of the articles, al- promise to become very interesting though the others are not to be ig- if carried out in the way commencnored. Your editorial on women’s ed. The remaining articles hardly abilities in logical reasoning is very deserve comment. We admire, howcharacteristic of a girl’s college and, ever, your efforts at poetry, a thing on the whole, quite true. Your re- but seldom attempted. Although marks, pro and con, on punctuality, you say that you sit up and take no reports, and school debates seem to tice of the Lake Breeze’s comment be written in too light a vein to be- on lazy exchange-editors, we fail to long under the leading editorials. see any great effect on you in your “The Trail Blazers” in the April column, number of the COMENIAN is very The DOANE OWL for March instructive. The author speaks of serves the purpose of a newspaper the few men in the world, as in- far more than that of a literary magventors, authors and others, who azine. Ten pages of literary producpave the way to enlightenment for tions do not balance very well with the rest of the world. “They dream twenty pages more or less of news —they believe—they work” and that items and notes. We enjoyed the gives them success. Their example speech on Bismark very much, howwas set for us to follow. Great men ever. The author of this essay puts lived that there might be greater forth the importance of Otto von ones. To follow in their footsteps is Bismark as a builder of the German to reach the goal. Dreadnoughts or empire in uniting the German states Dread Everything?” is also worth against Austria and France. Your reading. The writer shows how ev- exchange column does not at all saterything and everybody works for isfy us. The editor seems to endcavwar; that war is now also inevitable, or only to show that he is capable We can well believe that part of the of judging the worth of different article, but we fail to see promise productions in other papers, as he is of mutual peace and good will after continually referring his readers to that war which the author professes them. This is worse than useless, as to detect. If you say that war must praise alone is as bad as reprimands be expected now as surely as we are only. forced “to expect endless repetition We hope the SIBYL does not inof history,” you must apply the tend to ward off criticism by threatsame logic after the future war, and ening to reprint and compare them the wars will never cease. This was with others stating the opposite, as evidently not considered by the you did in the April number. This author. Your editorials and ex- number, edited by the Juniors, is change column are good. quite a success. The absence of It would not be harmful for the heavier literature is, in part at least, ALMANACK to have a better ar- balanced by your “De Coverly Parangement in their paper. The para- per” column. The latter contains a

THE BLACK AND RED. series of paragraphs which treat, in a conversation between De Coverly and a friend, of abuses in different communities, showing the absurd side. The plot in “That Girl” is en tirely too worn to make the story attractive. We should advise you to keep anything like a “Nonsense Al phabet” out of the literary column, at least. The “Junior Horoscope” also is rather prominent, even if this is the junior number. Your attempts at poetry arc certainly to be encour aged.

THE NORMAL POINTER of March contains a good article en titled “The Lure of the Unknown.” The author carries out, how the fascination of finding and knowing hitherto unknown things has led up to discoveries of new countries and inventions. The unknown is not, as he truly states, exhausted and will most likely lead to greater discover ies. We could enjoy your paper bet ter, if you would enliven it with fic tion. As it is, its dryness makes it unpleasant.

LOCALS Mr. Louis Baganz, *11, returned from Saline, Mich, where he held the position of parochial school teacher for several months, on April 14. Mr. Edward Beckmann, a former member of the class of ’12, who dis continued his studies last year on account of illness, called on friends at this institution on April 3, and 4. Mr. Beckmann is at present with the Maxwell, Forbes and Stillmann Co., of Milwaukee. Mr. Reinhard Popp, prep., discon tinued his studies on account of ill ness on April 22. Rev. J. G. Glaeser called on his son Martin, prep., while on his way to Milwaukee on April 21. Fred Born, prep., visited at his home in Oconomowoc on April 30. Alexander Zuehlke, Acc., called on old friends at this institution on April 9. On April 24, Hugo Pankow, prep., was in Madison. William Streich was at his home in Fond du Lac on April 30.

Mr. Edwin Baebenroth, a former member of the class of 1910, paid us a visit on April 3. Walter Pankow, ’12, and Herman Pankow, ’12, visited at the former’s home in Waterloo, April 24. Mr. Carl Dornfeld, ’10, was at his home in Milwaukee, April 27, to at tend the celebration of his mother’s fiftieth birthday. The event was at the same time a family reunion. Mrs. F. Hoppe, of Platteville, Wis., called on her son Fred, prep., on April. They both left for Mil waukee the following day. Mrs. Th. Brenner, of New Lon don, and Mr. F. W. Werner, of Mil waukee, visited their brother Arthur ’ll, on Sunday, April 17. Mr. and Mrs. William Seefeldt, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Seefeldt and Mrs. M. Radloff, all of Hustisford, paid Herbert Seefeldt, prep., and Roland Radloff, prep., a visit on April 23. Geo. Luetke, Sem., called on Gott hold Schlei, ’11, while enroute to

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Wauwatosa from Montello, where he delivered a sermon in the St. John’s Church the previous day. Frank Yahr, a former member of the Academic Department, but now a student at Ripon College, called on old classmates and friends on April 15. The Messrs. Siegfried Duin of Columbus, John Harmening of Lake Mills and Miss Marie Scheurer of Fort Atkinson called on friends on April 9. Mr. D. Krubsack called on his son Joseph, ’11, on April 21, while on his way to Clintonville, Wis., where he intends to make his future home. Mr. Ed. Schroeder came from Milwaukee in his auto, and called on Robert Starke, ’13, and Alfred Schroeder, prep., on May 4. Carl Uffenbeck went home on April 12, to be present at the wedding of his brother Otto, who is a former student of the N. W. U. Mr. Joseph Krubsack was the guest of relatives at Lebanon on April 30. On May 7, Rev. Theo. Fink and wife called on their son Emmanuel,

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Emmanuel Fink, ’12, enjoyed a visit from Mr. Victor Fink, a Lake Mills High School student, on April 21. Edwin Grunwald, Sem., called on old friends on April 15. Emmanuel Fink, ’12, and Rupert Bartz, ’12, visited the former’s brother at Hustisford on April 30. Fred Born, prep., spent May 4, and 5, in Oconomowoc as guest at the wedding of a cousin, A. Koelpin, L. Koenigcr, F. Manteufel, F. Marohn, E. Martin and W. Hillmer, all members of the class of ’13 spent May 1, at Clyman. Fred Gucnterbcrg, of Hustisford, Wis., visited his cousin Rcinhold Guenterberg, ’13, on May 5. Rev. and Mrs. Keibel visited their son Walter, ’13, on April 14, and 18, respectively. Arthur Hanke, *11, and Arthur Werner, ’11, paid Paul Bergmann, ’09 , now taking a post-graduate course at the University of Wisconsin, a visit on May 5. They visited the new state capitol, most of the University buildings, and other places of interest.

THE BLACK AND RED.

• -Prof. in drawing: Die Zeichnung -Dr.: ·what does lapis lazuli ist nichts um! muss noch einmal mean, what is it? gcmachl werden, mit einem Kreis. H. Shuft: '!'hat means a lazy Schl-t-r: Rund? stone. -Prof: U-fI-b-k stop your grunt -Rat-: Translating {Q'uis mortali ing! umsine vitiis natus est.) Wer unt U-ff-b-k: Please sir, that is my er den Sterblichen ist ohne Leben natural way of talking. geboren ! -Prof.: \Vie werden die Teppiche -Bates: \\'hen I'm out for a good time I have so much mouth that I ausgebrcitet? can't close, but when I'm in class Bill H.: In die Laenge? I have so little that I can't open it. -Dr. :Our church is all in the Goth -Prof.: Where is Iodine found? ic style. Happy: Near ball-players and in H. S. (In the most sober manner) : drug stores. Isn't that part above the door, -German Lady (Calling for tele Doric? phone central} : "Hai I?'' -B-ggl-: What kind of fruits grow Central: vV ell, what is it? in the ocean? German Lady: Iss dis der mid G-rh-rd: Ocean currants. -Ex dle? -Two in a hammock, -Dr.: Now To-p-1 don't tell Tried to kiss, Fr-h-lk- how to take care of him Quickly landed self. If he would not be old 'S!l{l ;nl!( lSnf enough to take care of himself, I -Ex

THE BLACK AND RED.

am sure his parents would have kept him in the nursery yet. —Mary had a little lamb, With fleas as black as jet; It followed her to school one day, And the teacher’s scratching yet.

—Ex

3 i'

■

—Prof.: What is metal ? St--m-r: A metal is a rock. —The ambitions of some of the prominent fellows: Ott Op Lath: To raise chickens, Leghorns not a specialty. Lit Tlem Ons: To smile prettily. Jin Ksba Gans: To make every body not see his joke. Bat Esb Lau Ert: To fondle K. Ms. Cha LLyd Og: To look wise. Han Esch Ley: To get larger feet. Zu Gez Ub Erb I Er: To make a noise. —Don’t be surprised if you see Zisk sad. There is a reason. His sad ness was caused by some T-lly leaving town. He is seriously thinking of quitting baseball be cause he fears jealousy if he makes another hit. —To Non-Advertisers: We will never buy your dry goods, We don’t like you anymore; You’ll be sorry when you see us Trading at some other store. You can’t sell us any ribbons, Four-in-hands or other fads; We will never trade at your store, But at THOSE that give us ADS. —Ex —Schl-ps-ch (In Geometry recita tion) : Is that point endless? —Dr. (Calling Muck, who was talk ing, to order): L-d-r-r, what’s the matter? Muck: I’m sick. —Is that your new suit?

Bill L.: Yes, that is my gratifi cation (graduation) suit. —Prof, to R—sch, heute noch nicht Loecher durch die Luft schauen. —Mally: This is a good day for the race. L-tz: Which race? Mally: The human race. —Jinks (Singing in his room) : I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills; But really best of all, I love Lake Mills! —Squire (Conversing with a friend) Yes, they came in bunches. Symmachus (Eagerly interrupt ing) : Who? What? Squire: Bananas. —Prof.: What common thing on the table is hygroscopic? Stud: Oleomargarine. —Prof.: Do you know of any case where the effect precedes the cause? D-rnf-dt: Yes, a wheelbarrow or a baby carriage which is being pushed. —Muck: Where is Butch? Schl-ps-ch: Out botanising. —Dr.: In what state of aggrega tion is pure bromine? M-nt-ufl: A liquor (liquid). —ist Stud: It is so smoky, I won der if there was a fire somewhere ? 2d Stud: Oh, I dreamt there was a fire down town last night, I sup pose that is where the smoke comes from. —A senior sighed as he wiped his pen, Hang the luck, I’ve flunked again.

—Ex

—Prof.: Do you know anything about Chatterlon? G-rh-rdt: He died. —Dr.: The other day I ran across a book—

THE BLACK AND RED. —Challie to Pat: I wonder if he stumbled ? —Prof.: Eine rhetorische Frage ist eine Frage auf die keine Antwort erwartet wird. Brandy (Beim Abfragen von Vokabeln) : Dann wuensche ich, Sie wuerden nich nur rhetorisch fragen. —Prof: I think you could see the comet with a field glass. Pimps: Could you see it with an X-Ray too? —Prof.: How docs a cold climate influence the plants? Epp-g: It keeps the heat off. —Schuft: What did you do when you stayed back in the Profes

sor’s room? Boby: Walked out again. Was fuer ein Vers ist --Prof.: das? B-ts: Ein ostgermanischer Tri meter. —ist Stud: What is dust? Nick: Dust is mud with the juice squeezed out. —Our naturalist Billy B-unc- has al-. so noticed something peculiar about insects. One day he saw a mosquita move rapidly along a razor strop. The only reason he could give for such queer actions was that the mosquito was getting his proboscis in shape for the peek-a-boo season.

Don’t miss the

BASE BALL GAMES AT NORTHWESTERN

May 14, Seminary at Watertown u 20, Lawrence “ 21, Lake Forest 28, Whitewater Normal at Whitewater 30, Watertown City Team at Watertown (< June 3, Beloit College at 4, Carroll “ Waukesha 11, Ripon Ripon tt

The Game next Saturday and the Game with the Watertown City Team depends on whether the Seminary will be will ing to give up May 30th and play us here next Saturday.

H. C. K1RCHNER, Mgr.

c c

College Yell

I !

BAUMAN’S Home Made Candies 20c. PER POUND

ICE CREAM AND SODAS NOME BETTER "Spaldings’

BASE

BALL GOODS

always were and always will be, the

“Standard of the World” In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that. We carry a full line at all times.

WM.G.PRITZLAFF&CO.

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE HOURS:

11 A. M.t

2 TO 4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M. OFFICE, 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 873-X

rep circle 5 CENT CIGARS ARE ALWAYS GOOD A. WIGGENHORN 8c SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS FOR THH C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN

Men of strict ideas about stgle, who dress correctly always, are the sort of men who are easiest to satisfy here with these

Eairftg SdnsffiffiKsn3 & Msira clothes. Because in every detail—all-wool fabrics, perfect tailoring, exact fit and proper style—they’re right clothes. Such men know.

SUITS $20.00 to $28.00

HERTEL & HOFFMANN Daylight Clothing Store 107.-109. MAIN STREET I

F. G. Keck & Co.

A GOOD VALUE One pound (85 sheets) of finest quality Stationery and Two Packages of Envelopes to match, for

50 CENTS. For Sale at

EBERLE’S DRUG STORE 204 Main St.

WATERTOWN'S BIG FURNITURE STORE

Watertown, Wis.

SHIRTS

II0-112 Main Street WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Dealers in

On and off like a coat. In fast colors and ex clusive styles. $1.50 up.

FRUITS, CANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS

CLUETT, PEABODY & CO., Makers

■

HtRRO & SON

210 Main Street. Watertown, Wis.

j i

OFFICE HOURS:

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M.

LOOTS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON 313 Main Street Above Brennecke's Drat Store

Residence 809 Main Street

Telephone 144

Watertown, Wisconsin

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Photos

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OP THE

NEW EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Watertown,

GO TO

Watertown Photo Go. DONNER GALLERY Special Rates made to Students

Cha.s. J. Salick (Succcsor to Jos. Salick & Son)

k»

Jewelers and Opticians Special attention given to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses

■

Stationery, Base Ball and Sporting Goods 1 and 3 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

Wisconsin

SCHLUETER BbOS. MERCHANT lOc. CIGAR and ARC 5c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

Watertown, WI«

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, Wis. Makers of

Fine Athletic *«« Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG

TRADE WITH

Schempf the Druggist "He Treats You Right"

DM. E, J„ M©EMMAlfM DENTIST ’PHONE NO. 258

106 FIRST STREET

Wm. F. Brandt & Son Co.

;

DRY GOODS

■

Carpets, Cloaks and Clo iking A PRACTICAL STORE FOR

PRACTICAL PEOPLE Main and Third Sts.

EAT THE BEST

Watertown, WIs.

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE’S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

3abnke Creamery Co.

101 Western Avenue

■

Watertown, Wis.

E. H. COOK, M. D.

GLAUS & JAEGER

Practice limited to

EYE. EAR. NOSE AND THROAT

PRINTERS

Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.; 1:30 to 4 p. m.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Sundays, 10 to 11 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wis.

OF THIS

Nowack & Kohls

BANK OF WATERTOWN

“S'" FURNITURE «

and

EMBALMEH8 Watertown, Wlst

Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Street

Or. O. H. Dornfeld DENTIST

Wisconsin

ESTABLISHED 1854

DIALERS IX

UNDERTAKERS 607-609 Main St.

PUBLICATION

Watertown

CAPITAL, SI00,000. Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHN E. HEISMANN 116 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

#ir<f)cu&arfKr, uub Mattel) (gftittaporieUait ftnb &u tjahen bei

Office Hours: 9-12 a. in., 2-E p. m. Central Block., .N. E. Cor. Third and Main Sts. Watertown, Wisconsin

OTTO HEYN

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS ----GO TO----

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies,

Moti’s Ground Floor Studio

REPRESENTED BY

312 Main Street REMEMBER quality remains after price ia forgotten

27foin ©trafce

Fred W. Gamm Watertown, WIs.

Something important 0 0 Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company

■

warn

TOEand-heel] • which give it many times the wearing strength of ordinary hosiery. This new feature provides strength were strength is needed, with out making the sock coarse or heavy. The toe resisting strength of this sock is simply marvelous• We unhesitatingly endorse it as the best a quarter will buy.

ASK FOR INTERWOVEN SOCKS

SCHEMPF BROS. CO.

THE BIG CASH STORE

you Can Save money

BY BUYING

£ £ £

SHOES

! :

5- . -

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN

GORDER’S

604=60$ main Street

=35

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

«»

Good Groceries

POi902| .... FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND UP

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, CufT But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufactures of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0.

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

’Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to JOS. KRUBSACK, Manager. STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENT

One fair trial will convince you what a saving it would be to deal regularly with us.

AT OUR STORE you will always get the freshest and best Groceries it is possible to obtain, a great variety to choose from and

DURANT’S

unequalled prices.

FINE CANDIES

FRED BITTNER

ICE CREAM AND SODAS—

501-503 N. Fourth St.

105 MAIN STREET

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

J. SCHLUETER

DENTIST I

313 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Chas. A. Gamm

W. D. SPROESSER & GO.

The Corner Druggist

JEWELERS

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 Main St.

PIANOS AND

’Phone No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

Give us a Caul We’ll Try And Please You

IFW

ITnft amd

ORGANS

’PnONE NO. 230-Y

WATERTOWN, WIS.

W. C.R Vick S &S uccessor to

adke

Manufacturers of High Grade

ICE CREAM AND CANDIES

WEAR

LEO RUESGH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

Mueller Brothers SHARP CORNER GROCERS

PiTJ (d@@dl§a Cdif®° <c®irii@gB 3n®02ir §mdl ]F@®dl 'Phono 214-X

90S Main St

•will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. Call at 107 West Main Street, Wisconsin Watertown,

The Largest Assortments of

SHAVING BRUSHES SPORTING GOODS POCKET KNIVES RAZOR STROPS RAZORS To be had in the city.

Call and see as.

D.&F. KUSELCO.

.-•’I#

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COMMENCEMENT NUMBER JUNE, 1910.

m. W-

â&#x20AC;¢ . v I

Correct Raiment Adds to the Fun of Outing Days. You can t go to places where people pay some attention to dress, without being neatly outfitted yourself. When AND

you can,

DON’T TAKE

ADVANTAGE of the

extremely

low

prices we are quot ing this month on the many articles

men’s

wear,

such as

OUTING SUITS NEGLIGEE SHIRTS STRAW HATS FANCY HOSIERY WASH CRAVATS —then you are de priving

yourself

of the pleasure of wearing correct and comfortable clothes. We still have a goodly showing of attractive patterns and styles in SINCERITY CLOTHES, and plenty of accessories. The prices in force now will certainly interest you.

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. Cor. Main and Third Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

OFFICE HOURS: 1 to 3 and 7 to 8 F. M.

LOTH Ho MOWAOS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON 315 Main Street Above Brennecke's Draft Store

Residence

809 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Telephone 144

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Photos

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

NEW EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! 5 Haircuts for $1.00

604 Main Street Watertown,

GO TO

Watertown Photo Go. DONNER GALLERY Special Rates made to Students

Chas. J. SalicK (Succesor to Jos. Sallck & Son)

Jewelers and Opticians

Wisconsin

SCHLUETER BROS. MERCHANT 10c. CIGAR AND ARC 5c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

Watertown, Wte

IÂ©

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, WIs. Makers of

Fine Athletic ^ Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG

Special attention given to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses

trade with

Stationery, Base Ball and Sporting Goods

Schempf the Druggist

1 and 3 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

"He Treats You Right"

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., June, 1910.

On the Eve of the Reformation Up to the sixteenth century the Church had acquired so complete a control over the souls of men that most people believed that it would forever continue to hold this power. We must, however, not think that the causes, both proximate and re mote, which finally brought about the Reformation merely involved religious or spiritual questions. As a matter of fact the Reformation was due to a very great extent to the corrupt influence of the papacy on social and political questions and to other secular interests, For

Number 3

without the almost universal hatred of the Church, due to the unwhole some influence on society, the Re formatio^ could never have been successfully launched. If we inves tigate in detail the combination of forces which eventually destroyed the power of the Church, we shall find diverse grievances which justi fied revolt. In fact, fully to com prehend the motives which finally effected the overthrow of the Church, we must investigate the relation of the Church to society on the eve of the Reformation. In the course of time the sov

ereignty of the Pope became tem-

r t o

THE BLACK AND RED.

poral as well as spiritual. The papacy declared that all temporal jurisdiction had been derived from the authority granted by the Pope, whence it followed that the exercise of the royal powers was subject to papal control. This led to many conflicts between the secular potentates and the papacy, but owing to its power to impose excommunications, interdicts, and the power to release subjects from their allegiance, the papacy was usually vietorious and was able to treat the opposition of kings with contempt, And since the failure of the Councels of Constance and Basel to limit the papal authority in this respect the papal absolutism was greatly strengthened. Nevertheless this always continued to be a cause for friction between kings and the Pope, Another great source of complaint was the assertion of the papacy to own all benefices and to dispose of them in what manner it saw fit. This practice increased and proved to be a source of great wealth to the Holy See. In the eager desire to anticipate these profits of simony, vacancies were not awaited, and suecession under the name of expectarives were given or sold in advance. The deplorable result of this simony was that the offices were neglected. This spiritual commerce was bitterly assailed, but to the great irritation of the inmates, the papaev ignored all lamentations and complaints. England protected itself by the Statutes of Provisors and Praemunire and France by the Pragmarie Sanction, but as the other nations did not possess the resolution to do likewise, this ignominous com-

merce of benefices continued to inÂ crease. The assertion of the papacy to appoint bishops, however, was most provocative of friction and was the source of many bloody and devastating wars. It thus happened that two bishops were occasionally appointed to the same bishopric, the one being appointed by the Pope, the other by the crown, With this state of affairs the tension between secular and spiritual authorities grew, and the disposition to meet the claims of the Holy See with scant measure of respect increased. These evils were, however, greatly augmented by extravagant pluralism. Abbacies, bishoprics, and other benefices were showered on favorites with unstinted hand, so that some men were in control of an unusual number of benefices, which were used to drain the locality of its wealth, while the functions remained unperformed. When we consider these extravagant and scandalous pluralisms, we can well imagine the sPiritual and temporal condition of the abbeysÂť churches and bishoprics thus consigned to the negligence of worldly prelates whose life was sPent in enjoying the revenues deÂ rived ^rom them. The pluralists not only employed coadjutors to look after their interests, but, what is worse, they farmed them out to the highest bidder. This was certainly a deplorable state of affairs and warrants the hatred of the people toward the papacy, Another ecclesiastical abuse which was a source of great complaint was the interference on the part of the church with the administration of justice. The Church insisted that

;

THE BLACK AND RED. the clergy be exempted from the authority of secular tribunals and that they be justicable only by the spiritual courts. The spiritual courts, however, were so lenient with clerical offenders that many criminals entered the lower ranks of the clergy, and as a result there arose numberless cases of arson, homicide, counterfeiting, adultry, false-witness and robbery. The temporal courts were unable to bring these clerical offenders to justice, for the Church was most vigilant in protecting them. It was, therefore, apparent that an uprising of the people would result unless this state of affairs were changed. This cleri cal immunity also caused many con flicts between States and the Pope, Venice and Florence especially bat tling against it. From this we see that the pretensions of the Church were becoming unendurable to the advancing intelligence of the age; it was forfeiting human respect, and there was a dangerous tendency abroad to treat it as a secular insti tution devoid of all special claim to reverence. Clerical criminals were, however, not the only ones protected. The Church also spread its aegis over the crimes of laymen, thus impeding the administration of justice to a great extent. It had become a , custom that the Church grant absolution for a certain compensation, the so-called pecuniary penance. In the course of time, however, the papacy not only asserted the right to absolve sins against the Church, but also claimed to have an appellate jurisdiction over all criminal courts, which fact proved to be a great impediment to

justice on account of the notorious venality of the Curia. The papacy even went so far as to employ peripatetic vendors of indulgences, who thus carried impunity for crime to every man’s door, The secular rulers, however, were not content to see justice sold as a commodity in open market and continuously struggled against it. This was especially the case in Spain. Another source of complaint was the exemption from taxation of ecclesiastical property. The piety of successive generations had been so great that fully one-third of the wealth of Europe was lying in mortmain. Jn the course of time the different governments asserted that the ecclesiastical property should also be subject to taxation, which led to many difficulties with the papacy in Venice, Florence, and other places. In fact, the relations between the papacy and the sov ereigns of Europe were becoming more and more strained in every way as the transformation took place from the feudal institutions of the Middle Ages to the monarchcial absolutism of the modern era. Most of the nationalities were becoming organized with a consciousness of union and opposed the Pope’s inter ference with their plans. It soon be came the policy of all sovereigns to try to become independent of the papacy. The incompatibility of royal pre rogatives with papal pretensions was, however, intensified not only by the development of the mon archies but by the increasing se cularization of the Holy See.. It had long been more important to

THE BLACK AND RED.

the papacy to defend the Patri- nificence and sumptuousness of the When we consider mony of St. Peter and to satisfy papal Court. its acquisitive ambition than to that these vast sums, which were care for the spiritual welfare of exacted to satisfy the vanity and For this reason it ambition of successive Vicars of Christendom. carried on many wars and main Christ, were ultimately drawn from tained a large army and navy, and, the toil of the peasantry of Europe, therefore, religion seemed in the we can understand the incessant eyes of secular princes nothing but complaints of the oppressed popua useful instrument to the papacy lations and the hatred which was to attain worldy ends. To support silently stored up to await the time this army and navy the papacy of the explosion, levied annates and tithes and sold Another deplorable fact connectdispensations, absolutions, and in- ed with the collection of this money diligences, draining all Europe of was that a great part of the reits wealth. The Pope, too, was a ceipts disappeared before it reached formidable enemy because he not Rome, for the bankers employed to only fought with fire and sword but collect the money assumed a great also with bulls of excommunica- share for themselves. As long as tion; nevertheless he was con the exactions were voluntary as, stantly at war with some state or for instance, indulgences, pecuniary other. Some of these Popes car penance, and others, the opposition ried on these wars for personal gain, was not so very great, but seemed others for worthless scions of the rather a blessing to some people. It papal stock, according to how was, however, a different thing with much the individual Popes were ad the money involuntarily exacted by dicted to nepotism. The result the unworthy incumbents of bene was that the Holy See was every fices and expectatives, who tried to where regarded with detestation. recoup themselves for their expen Universal distrust of the papacy ditures. Therefore the collection was the feeling of the states, and of tithes and annates was often opif the Pope tried to raise money posed, and the common people hatunder the pretext of a crusade or ed the clergy as the clergy hated the a war with the Turk, no one be papacy. lieved him, but thought it a scheme Another evil which added to the to raise money for some other use. secularization of the Holy See was As a matter of fact the papacy did the venality of the Curia, Since not hesitate to state that it the papacy had won for itself appel had the right to use the money late jurisdiction over all other which was raised for crusades or courts, the lawsuits brought to the other similar purposes for home in Curia were innumerable. There was, terests. however, very little possibility for In fact, the papacy collected pro- a poor man to receive justice, for in digious sums of money to defray Rome justice was put up to auction the expenses of the vast military en- to the highest bidder. The venality terprises and the extravagant mag- of the Curia can also be seen from

■■■■■Mnu.

THE BLACK AND RED. the fact that the Popes very often appointed many private officials, such as secretaries and chamber lains whenever they were in need of money, as these men were obliged to pay large sum for their appointments. It stands to reason that this was only an investment for the purpose of gaining more. Therefore any business with the Curia necessitated the expenditure of much money, and this fact did not help to increase the popularity of the papacy. When pressed for money, the papacy did not even hesitate to sell the red hat of the cardinalate, for the cardinals were obliged to pay heavily for the honor. Thus Alex ander VI. created twelve new car dinals, from whose appointments 120,000 ducats were secured. It is, therefore, apparent that the deca dence and secularization of the Holy See was rapid in the latter part of the fifteenth century. Under such influences it is not surprising that Rome had become a center of corruption whence in fection was radiated throughout Christendom. The immorality in Rome was so great that the Vene tian ambassador in 1499 describes it as the sewer of the world. After the daughters of Innocent VIII. and Alexander VI. had been pub licly married, it became the fashion for the clergy to have children. As the knowledge of the immorality of the papal Court filtered through the consciousness of Europe, the papacy was not only detested, but also disrespected and held in con tempt. Nevertheless, there was never

greater religiuos zeal than at this time; religion had gone over into formalism. The people did not try to abstain from sin as much as to obtain absolution by virtue of dis pensations, indulgences and confes sions. Religious relics were never more eagerly sought, and the belief in their thaumaturgic virtues was never greater. As a result such men as Erasmus were beginning to protest against this formalism into which religion had degenerated. This formalism also had a bad ef fect on the common clergy. They thought that a flagitious life could not affect the supernatural attri butes of the Church, and as a re sult the morals of the clergy were corrupt. Although condemned to celibacy, few of the clergy were continent. Consequently it was a common complaint of the parish ioners that they were contaminated by their pastors. Therefore the an tagonistic tendencies of the people towards the clergy were greatly increased. These tendencies were, however, further stimulated by oth er factors. The popular literature of the time, as, for instance, the “Schelmcnzunft” and the “Narrenbeschwoerung,” did not spare the priesthood and pointed out all its faults. Even from the pulpit this antagonism was fostered, for owing to the ignorance and indolence of the secular clergy, the preaching was mainly done by Mendicant Friars, who were hostile to the secular clergy. These preachers had the greatest influence on the masses before the invention of print ing. They used this influence to as sail the abuses of the secular clergy

THE BLACK AND RED.

The invention of printing also and did not hesitate to make scan was a potent factor in the diffusion dalizing remarks about them. The church had long seen that a of intelligence, in fact, without the reform within itself was necessary, printing-press the whole humanis but all attempts proved to be nu tic movement would have been im gatory, owing mainly to the feeble possible. By its aid the interchange support which the papacy offered of opinions was greatly facilitated, to the movement. There is no doubt and people had an opportunity to that the failure.of these attempts at become acquainted with the Bible reform added greatly to the conse and the views of others. It is re quent success of the Reformation. markable how great the religious Although the abuses and the earnestness of the people was at corruption of the Church were the this time, for the demand for the primary causes of the Reformation, Bible was so great that repeated there was a change necessary in the editions were called for and that people to bring it about,—in other there were thirteen German ver words, the people had to become sions of the Bible anterior to Luth more intelligent. The New Learn er’s. The writings which attacked ing and the humanistic movement the Chucrh , moreover, were eager The supplied the necessary impulse for ly sought by the people. this. Through this movement there Church soon recognized the poten came an atmosphere of free thought, tial dangers connected with the the old reverence for authority was printing-press and, therefore, pro weakened, the sense of intellectual hibited the printing of books which independence was awakened, and a it had not previously inspected. sense of inquiry was aroused; thus Just for that reason these books the people reached the roots of the were more eagerly sought and drew abuses and were better able to de- a better price. tect them. We may therefore, say The combination of all these facthat humamsm paved the way for torg made the Reformation inevitthe Reformation, for many human- able and Gcrmanv was predestined is s had already expressed opinions to be its sceue. fhere, too, was the which were contrary to the teach- greatest chance 0f success, for the mgs of the Church. Some of them German people possessed greater were obliged to recant, but other moral and religious earnestness more resolute persons gave up their than peopie elsewhere, Moreover, lives for their teachings. In general, the papacy was hated more there however, the Church paid, very little than elsewhere, for Germany had attention to their teachings; thus suffered most through papal exactthe people easily became aware of ions and had always been the rethe abuses and the false doctrines source of a Pope in financial straits, of the Church. Of the humanistic Furthermore the papacy had beliterature, Brant’s “Narrenschiff” come unpopular in Germany on acwas of the greatest use in paving count of its political policy of dividthe way for the Reformation. ing the German Empire by inciting

THE BLACK AND RED. different princes against each oth er, thus destroying the union of the empire and, therefore, all chance of successful opposition to the papal pretensions. It was, however, just this state of affairs which made the Reformation successful, for thus one German prince, as the Elector of Saxony, was able to protect the great Reformer. We, therefore, see that the pri mary cause of the Reformation did not merely involve religious differ ences, but that it was the result of the long existing vices of the clergy, of the secularization of the Holy

See, of the abuses of the church, and of its interference with the secular interests in general, Under these circumstances an explosion was in evitable, and when the person ap peared who had the courage and resolution to proclaim the evils of the Papacy and to protest against its unjust pretensions, the Papacy suddenly awoke to the realization that it had lost its control over the souls of men and that the superior ity of the Roman Church was a thing of the past. English Oration, Immanuel Frey.

I i

¥h£ black and red.

Retrospect The wheels of time have again turned the indicators of Northwest ern’s chronometer to an important point,—the close of the school year. Commencement is almost here and with it the portals of this institu tion are about to be closed upon the members of the graduating class. , As we look back upon our college 1 life, thoughts of the many happy days we have spent here, of the friendships we have made force themselves upon us and bring with 1 them regrets that we are now soon to absent ourselves from the pleas ant associations,—that we must bid our Alma Mater adieu. How quickly the seven years of our life at Northwestern have I passed! How vividly the day in I the autumn of the year 1903, when I the class of 1910 assembled for the I fcrst time in the college chapel still |; stands before our mind’s eye. The class had then an enrollment of over fifty members, and the life and behavior of the members of the class during their first three years

at college did not materially differ— we may assume—from that of other classes in the preparatory department. After the first few days of homesickness had passed, after the new boys had become used to their new environments, so strange and so different from those they had been used to at home, we see the class safely started on the road to wisdom and learning. Incidentally the boys of 1910 took a lively inter est in sports, and succeeded in cap turing the third place among the baseball teams at college while yet in the Sexta year. And during the Quinta and Quarta years several of our classmates succeeded in win ning by sheer prowess, places on the Varsity athletic teams, for in those days “preps” were in some instanc es allowed places on the college teams. There is not much to be said of the class during its preparatory We may years at Northwestern, say that, according to the state ments of our professors, during our first three years at college, the class held not only the record of being

THE BLACK AND RED. .

v’

the largest our institution ever boasted (?) of, but also of being the noisiest and loudest! Although looked forward to by many of the class with fear and anxiety—for who had not, before entering, heard of the trials and tribulation that fall to the lot of the “preps” at the hands of the arrogant upper-classmcn?—the three years in the prepar atory department passed swiftly by, and before we realized it the day when the president of the stud ent-body called a meeting, for the purpose of organizing the class, The result of the was upon us. first election was as follows: Pres., E. Berg; Vice Pres., P. Pfaff; Sec. and Treas., A. Zuberbier. Thus the class closed its “prep” years and went home for vacation in June, 1906, filled with the import ance of at last being real, fullfledged collegiates. The first college year of the class of 1910 began auspiciously enough. The class could still boast of being the largest freshman class that had ever made dangerous by their pres ence the otherwise peaceful halls of our Alma Mater. But it was ordain ed that ’io should go through mani fold trials and hardships during their first year in the college proper. Through a series of unfortunate in cidents, the causes of which I shall not now try to determine, the class class got into a rather serious con flict with the college faculty. How ever, this year too passed without any serious effects on the morale of the class, indeed it may safely be said that, when the class went home for its summer vacation, it had gained, if nothing else, self-confi-

dence, one of the essentials to suc cess in life. When the class after the summer vacation re-assembled for the Soph omore year, many of the old famil iar faces were missing. Seven had failed to pass the examinations for admittance into the Sophomore class, others had been forced to dis continue their studies on account of other reasons and, although our ranks had been supplemented by several new members from our sis ter college at New Ulm, Minn., the class-roll nevertheless showed a marked decline compared with the previous years. The Sopho more year passed peacefully by, for the class had matured in the troub les and trials of the Freshman year and more hard work and conscien tious study was done during this and during the Junior year than in any of the foregoing years. At the end of the Sophomore year several more of our friends left us, the Aca demy boys, who had entered with us had now finished their course, and the class looked forward to the Junior year with another loss in membership. O tempora, O mores! With the Junior year a change had come over the class of ’io. Having personal ly gone through all the hardships of “prep” life and knowing from their own experience all the pranks and tricks with which the mischievous “prep” makes life a burden to his elders, the class set themselves to work with a will to guide the “preps” aright And undoubtedly these were thankful when, at -the end of the year, the class of 1910 yielded up the scepter of power to

s ' I

The black and red.

the succeeding class and prepared to seek repose and added wisdom in the lofty serenity and august dig nity which marks, or at least ought to mark, the life of the student dur ing the Senior year. Alas, how time has played havoc with our ranks. From over fifty members the class has lost, through various causes, over one-half, until the class roll now, in the last year at college, contains but twenty-two names, and of these we find but fif teen on the first list of the class sev en years ago. However, these twen ty-two have thoroughly appreciated their last year at college and have made the most of their fast fleeting college life, both as to work and to play. As the class-work during the Senior year requires less prepara tion than during the preceding three years, many members of the class grasped the opportunity to make up deficiencies or to pursue hobbies and favorite studies. And, on the whole, we can only regret that our last year at Northwestern has pass ed all too swiftly. But a few more days and com mencement will be here and the doors of our beloved Alma Mater will close upon us. We must leave the guardianship of our instructors and journey onward alone. Once more we glance back on our col lege days and see them spread out before us, some bright, others gloomy. But still we are all of us attached to our Alma Mater, which has become endeared to us through the manifold benefits we have re ceived from it. Let us always bear in mind that we have an earnest calling before us; and let us there-

fore not idle away our time, but rather use it properly, so that in whatever situations we may find ourselves in later life, we may never bring disgrace and dishonor on the K. fair name of our Alma Mater. Nineteen-Ten in the Year A. D. 1935. (A Prophecy.) Our Primus, “E. Burke,” the for mer football star and athlete in gen eral, is now coaching the squad at Oahn College (Hawaiian Islands). His success in training these sav ages has been so remarkable that he has recently received an offer to coach the team representing the new University Pietermoritzburg, South Africa. Hearty congratula tions, Mr. Primus. “Bates” is following his hobby, which was one of his main traits while still at College; his insatiable desire for “dear(s)”. Pie has done so very much in this line of huntthat the Western Continent no long er possesses any charms for him. He is now contemplating a trip to the wilds of Africa, where (we all wish him success) he expects to find the realization of his ideal. “Chally D von Sobieski,” we look up to thee as we see thee swinging among the trapezes of the world’s greatest circus, Pufendorf Tiercircus. Already at college hast thou proved thyself to be an at traction in the class-room worthy of much comment, for many a time hast thou dissipated the gloom that hung over the heads of that august “1910.”

Politics are on the backslide and have been so for the past twenty

THE BLACK AND RED. years. It is just in time that we see a political and social reform making progress. Though this reform in itself is sufficiently interesting, it is much more so when we see how the papers and periodicals are crammed with praises for its lead er, our old classmate, “Squire, Sen ator from La Crosse,” who had Bryce, Montague and WoodardWilson by heart when but a sopho more at Northwestern, “Squire” was always known to be a busy lad. This fact again gains prominence when we sec that outside of his po litical duties he finds time to man age a notion counter in the largest department store in the state. It is quite obvious where lie gained his efficiency in this line. “Nineteen-Ten” can also boast of having a scientist of no small caliber on its roll. “Billy Bounce,” our Minnesota warbler, who has successfully completed an advanced course in botany and zoology is now devoting his time to “bugolIIq holds the chair in this ocry. branch at the world-famous Uni versity of Hay Creek. In his re researches he very recently discover ed a rare species of bugs, which is gifted with a voice more musical than the human according to our “bugologist.” Immediately after this discovery, “Billy” (who always knew how to apply things proper ly) set to work and organized a “bug-chorus” consisting of nearly two thousand voices. He himself is directing this new musical organi zation. Concerts at home and abroad are (im) pending. Beware of brick bats and eggs, “Billy.” Go west, young man, go west! “Puss” did; he is the owner of a

flourishing ranch. Unlike all other prosperous ranch owners, “Puss” rides his broncho and swings his lasso. Rumor will have it that he managed to bring down two calves in one day with the latter. Though the west held everything for him, he could not desist looking eastward for “happiness.” I just received my copy of the London Times with glaring head lines announcing the advent of “Muck, the greatest of great Amer ican mimics.” His success at home was marvellous, barring his being “ditched” in the home town of his Alma Mater. An offer to occupy the chair of “majority” in that me tropolis was politely declined by our great impersonator, since his vocation on the stage promises him a brighter future. Bryan—dead and gone. For a long time the. Democratic party has been looking for a successor. Classmates, raise your heads and be proud, for out of your midst this great party has chosen a “big” man. Out of the cornfields of Stanton, Nebraska, they have call ed forth our “Shorty” and raised him to a pinnacle of power, which none of us need hope ever to at tain. Mount the “stump” for “Shorty,” classmates. Tuberculosis is no longer a mys tery to scientists. All its problems jj which for a long time mystified the learned medicine men are solved. The difficulty now confronting the nation in general is to find a perma nent cure for the Hook Worm Dis ; ease (Schlafkrankheit). The man making the greatest progress to this effect is our man, “Bill L-mp-t.” “Bill” while still at college often

! ! ; 5

THE BLACK AND RED.

had occasion to experience person ally the embarrassing, yes, some times even disastrous effects of be ing snugly ensconced in the arms of Morpheus at inopportune mo ments and is therefore especially in a position to deal with this dread disease. According to latest reports he is establishing a record of fame for himself. During our last year at college Halley’s comet made its first ap pearance since 1865. “Chesty” be came so enamoured with the study of the heavens that he decided to choose a vocation which would give him ample occasion to do so. He is holding the professorship in astron omy at the University of Manila. During the last month at college, “Butch” seemed to be a strong as pirant to the ranks of the benedicts. What has induced him to change his mind no one knows; the fact re mains, “Butch” is keeping bachel or’s quarters in New York and is leading a “swift” life. In spite of all this he is never in financial straits. He devotes his time to comfort and to reading the old Latin and Greek classics. He holds that no life is more agreeable than that of a bach elor. All good wishes, “Butch.” In a Northern forest stands a small hut. Though the exterior pre sents a rather unkempt appearance, the interior is a seat of comfort,— Furniture with the softest pillows and a refectory filled with the choicest wines and meats. “Greech,” the most facetious of all classmates, occupies this hut and is leading the life of a hermit. The “eternal question” is the only topic of his thoughts. May he be fortunate en

ough to find an answer.

I take you with me to a session of the German Reichstag. “Pluto,” its most prominent member, is just letting loose a burst of oratory in favor of a prohibition movement against which Germany until now has been invulnerable. With this convincing speaker with his numer ous inspiring and emphatic gestures as a leader, prohibition will soon deal the Land of Our Fathers the The amazing thing death blow, about it all is that just “Pluto” should lead a movement of this sort. “Pa,” our Hebrew specialist, has “made good” and is occupying the chair in ancient languages at the . At present great university N he is leading an archaeological expe dition to the Orient and is busily deciphering Semitic inscriptions. His latest find is an Arabic tablet giving an exact description of the ancient Hebrew architecture. Any thing in the carpenter (Zimtncrmann) line seems to be of especial interest to “Pa.” Very recently I have received a letter from “Pa” telling me that he has located our long lost “Shylock.” After successfully selling peanuts in Chicago for some few years, “Shylock” sacrificed all his accummulated wealth, studied theology and is now preaching the gospel to the unconverted Jews in Palestine. “Pa” tells me “Shylock” is doing an inestimable amount of good among the men of his race. Huaxagoras, Sokrates, Plato, Ar istotle, Wolf, Leibnitz, Kant, Scho penhauer, Schnelling and Fichte were compelled to retire from the Hall of Fame since “Vatting” has set the wheels of his thinking ma chinery in actions. He was the phil-

THE BLACK AND RED. osopher of the class; his philosoph ical statements and dissertations were not only very instructive, they were very humourous and elating. His solutions of problems, which were once believed to be insoluble, have opened the eyes of the world and all the above named men of let ters, now shamefully crouch in one corner before this luminous star of philosophers. Hark!------Give me two—give me two—two—two—two and a half— two seventy-five, etc. “Symmach os,” auctioneer at a horse-fair is try ing to sell a horse naturally equipp ed with coat-hooks at the hips. Suc cess to you, “Sym.” Our country has a bright future to look forward to. The younger generation is taught by the ablest of men. One of the most prominent instructors of the present age is “Hans S.” He is leading his herd, consisting of three girls and two boys, on the right road to success and results are very promising, con sidering the ingratitude of his class and the difficulties he has to deal with. Address all correspondence to Schulmcister “Hans S. von Schufcld,” No. 3, Puppcnallee, Z-------- , Wis. “Mal.ly” is producing master pieces in literature. Scott, Thacker ay, and Hawthorne are his superiors by very little. One characteristic of “Mally’s” novels is this vein of satire, which was peculiar to him while yet a student. In all his plots, which, by the way, are very deep and complex, he hurls sarcasm at some person or condition, But he manages to . , , cloth all these “knocks”

“Man c»°[hest“orgU”ge’ Keth °"’ awaiting thee. “Captain Zisk” holds the position of janitor at Watertown’s hospital.

While still a senior at college, the hospital was his favorite haunt. We then thought it was his delicate health which induced him to make nocturnal perambulations to this place of healing, but Time has proved our mistake. His devoted spouse holds the position she held in 1910, when Zisk sought the hos pital seeking l(w)ife, and husband and wife are now uniting their ef forts to make Watertown’s hospital a very neat, hygienic, and sanitary abode for the ill. “Zuber/* oru able band-leader, is giving his life to music. In a little village in Germany he has organ ized a record-breaking band both in size and in abilities. His six mu sicians have managed to make such progress that ever since “Zuber's" arrival, the place gained space on the map. His untiring efforts to make a success of his undertaking (a concert tour around the world) has won for him the admiration of dorf.” his “■ This is “Nineten-Ten” in the year A. D. 1935, scattered all over the world, and becoming great(?). And I who have so impertinently looked into the future fearing the wrath of my classmates have been compelled to “swiftly” look for a change of atmosphere. I am now playing sol itaire in the back-woods station ----- ?, until the coast clears, when I shall return to my native land. M. O. S. E., ’10.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Mouthly by the Student* of the Northwester* University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, '11 BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, 'll PAUL FROEHLKE, '12

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, '11 HENRY HEISE,'ll WALTER SCHUMANN, '12 EDMUND REIM, '11 WALTER HILLMER, '13 FRANK REIER, »12

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to tho Literary Department are requested from alumni and underpaid unteB. All tterary matter should bo addreBBed to tho Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to tho Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, 10 conts. Stamps not accepted In payment. Notify us If you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red Is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is rocelvsd and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postofflce of Watertown, Wis., os second-class matter.

EPUKDMAL The Collegian Returns home At last the month of June has ar rived! It brings with it the close of school and our glorious vacation begins. It also brings back hun dreds of boys and girls to their homes, some returning after having perhaps spent their first year at col lege, others after having spent a number of years. Most all of these, and especially such as have spent their first year at college, will come home with a sort of arrogance about them, It seems as though they ex-

pect a certain amount of respect, especially from those at home. But in some of these homes everything the collegian does or says will seem “funny” to his brothers and sisters. They will be on the alert that he does not catch them with some wit ty question, or “put over any of his airs on them.” Cases of just this kind will occur among the best-meaning families, and they make the young collegian’s vacation unhappy for him uninten tionally. He will not live a life of ease and contentment, which would otherwise enable him to take up the

THE BLACK AND RED. autumn work in a fresh condition. But you may say what will this lead to if he is left to practice his “airy” ways. Bear in mind that the world is going to buffet these “airs” out of him fast enough after he has left college and started a profession. Let the world do its share in this too, but keep the home peaceful and free from ridicule. Why make fun of these boys and girls? They are only afflicted with a little over confi dence and conceit, which will wear off in the course of time with a little experience added to it. Do not find fault with everything the collegians do or say, but try to make their vacation pleasant and always try to make them feel comfortable at home.

For War or Peace? When we read the statistics of the expenses of the German and English governments for the construction of implements of war, we are not a little surprised at the vast amount of money spent in the jealous rush for supremacy between these two nations. We in this country ought to feel more or less thankful that our nation is not endeavoring to compete with these in every respect Yet how does the cost of war-like preparations in this country, even if carried out on a more moderate scale compare, for an instance, with the expense connected with educa tion or general improvements? If -f

a i

we look at some comparisons on that basis, we cannot but feel slight ly doubtful as to the usefulness of these expenditures. It has been estimated, for ex ample, that the cost of a 26,000 ton battleship is equal to the cost of 1400 churches at $20,000 each, of 7000 farms at $4,000 each, and of a college education for 14,000 men at $500 a year for four years. When we think of the great need of money for churches and education, we feel sorry that the money is not expend ed in that more serviceable manner. A macadam road from New York to Chicago could be built with the money needed for a battleship—a statement hard to believe. Of the ordinary income of the United States for the year 1909, $604,000,000, that is 70 per cent, was for war and but 30 per cent, for othWe must also concr purposes, sider that the war preparations are not for a war existing but for a probable conflict and that soldiers kept in times of peace are a useless expense, especially those who grow old without having seen service. The somewhat serious question naturally arises, cannot some other way of avoiding war be found than this ruinous building of navies and armies ? Cannot the proverb, “Si pacem vis, para bellum,” be in some way altered or altogether changed? The one succeeding in finding such a way will help along education to an almost incommensurable degree and receive thanks from many thou sands.

THE BLACK AND RED.

€©3LLE(iE 3M@¥ES Marchout

Early on the morning of Saturday, May 28th, the bugle sounded reveille and roused the members of the military company and the band, The occasion was the annual march out, the invitation for which had come from the congregation of Ju neau through their minister, the Rev. Sauer, After a hasty breakfast the march began, a few min utes after five. All went well during the first half of the way, but then some of the weather-wise ones discovered some clouds on the hori zon; these soon gathered over-head and began to send down a steady drizzle that considerably dampened the ardor of the boys. About one and a half miles from Juneau all stopped for lunch. After the march had been resumed the drizzle chang ed into a downpour that soon soak ed everybody to the skin. At ten 100 wet and footsore boys entered the city and were soon warming and drying themselves at their quarters. In the afternoon it stopp ed raining, and the company gave a sham-battle, which had been well planned by Capt. Hanke. The com pany divided into two platoons, the first under Capt. Hanke, the second under Lieut. Reineman. The second platoon, safely hidden in a clump of trees, captured and shot a spy of the first platoon. First platoon then advanced to avenge the death of their scout. They were finally victorious, but not until they had In lost a large number of men. the evening the band gave a joint

concert with the band of Juneau. To say that they did themselves justice is putting it mildly, for they drew a large crowd in spite of the fact that a thunder-storm was threatening. On the next morning company and band marched to church. At the request of the local teacher, Mr. H. Wachholz, sever al of the choir-members sang Knecht’s “Jdlovah” during the ser vices. All were agreeably surprised to hear that a collection was to be taken up to send the boys back by rail. As the roads were in poor condition through the rains of the previous day, this offer was gladly accepted. At six o’clock in the evening the boys marched to the depot with flying colors and jaunty music after having given several rousing cheers for the Rev. Sauer, the teacher, the girls, and the people of Juneau in general. A special car had been secured, and all the boys crowded into this, pulling out of the station with music and cheers. At Watertown the ranks were formed and the boys marched up to the college, happy and smiling, The treatment which the people Qf Juneau gave was most excellent; th red no ;ns to make the lf1 1 f b°ys feel at home and Wl11 there“ fore always be gratefully reinembered by them.

THE BLACK AND RED.

representatives: Sentinel—"Each organization played or sang in a manner that pleased the large audi ence, and while many of the num The band, orchestra, chorus and varsity quartet of our institution ap bers lacked vim and energy, they peared on the concert stage of Mil showed much practice and were ac waukee for the second time Friday ceptable. The organization deserv evening, June third. An audience ing most credit was the orchestra, which almost filled every seat in which rendered three selections. the Davidson theater gave the boys The opening numbers were the livan enthusiastic reception. A large iest things on the program, The delegation of Kenosha citizens head feature was the Landkending” ed by Charles Buenger, ’94, North- (Land Sighting) by Grieg. Carl western’s loyal son, was also in at Kluender, baritone solo, was accom tendance. German American circles panied by orchestra and chorus.” Wisconsin—“That the large audi of Milwaukee society were well rep resented at the affair. Box parties ence which crowded the theater did were given by Mr. and Mrs. Starke, enjoy the concert was clearly evi Mr. and Mrs. William Kicchhefcr, denced by the stormy applause Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Wurster, Mr. and which followed every number. The Mrs. Oscar Griebling, Mr. and Mrs. male chorus and orchestra were E. H. Karrer, Mr. E. W. Kaehler, under the efficient direction of Prof. editor of the “Rundschau.” Dr. J. H. A. Kuhn, who carried his forces Ott and Dr. Arthur Hoermann. The through six or more compositions.” stage setting presented a very pleas Journal.—“The .well-drilled band, ing picture, having been arcistically under Prof. H. A. Frank, pleased in decorated with Northwestern ban well-played light selections and the ners and other college insignia. The orchestra under the direction of concert was given under the auspices Prof. Kuhn, contributed a large of the Northwestern University club share of the pleasure of the evening. of Milwaukee. Elaborate prepara Prof. Kuhn also directed the male tions for the concert were made by chorus, which sang with spirit and Messrs. Dr. Fred. John, Louis Un- resonance. The male quartette grodt, E. W. Wurster, Frederic E. under Prof. C. F. Bolle was recalled Webb, Dr. George R. Ernst, Dr. B. A. Hoermann, Rev. A. C. Bendler, time after time. William Limpert, Rev. H. H. Ebert, Rev. Otto ’io, awoke hearty applause by his Hoenecke, Oscar Griebling, E. H. brilliant solos on the baritone horn. Karrer, Otto T. Ernst, Ernest Messrs. Oerding and Reim gave an Wendland, Ii. von Rohr, A. Meckel- effective cello and flute duet. Piano burg. parts were played by G. F. Schley, That the boys made favorable im pression at Milwaukee can readily ’ll. The evening closed with a be gathered from the following re burst of applause after taps by views of the concert by the press Bugler Koschei.” Northwestern's Musical Societies Give Concert in Milwaukee

r j*

THE BLACK AND RED.

The following program was ren dered : Part i. 1. a) March: “Salute to Washington” ... ........................ Kiefer b) Overture: “Morning, Noon andNight in Vienna”---- Suppe N. W. U. Band 2. Baritone Solo: “The VolunRogers teer” Wm. Limpert, member of Band accompanied by G. F. Schlei, Piano Thrun 3. a) “Bumble Bee”. b) “N. W. U. Song Words, Melody, Arrangement by two Members of Northwestern Club, Milwaukee c) “Our College Cheer”..Anon O. Hohenstein, C. Kluender Walter Pankow, Prof. C. Bolle 4. “Waldgesang Tschirch N. W. U. Male Chorus 5. “Landkjending” (Land SightGrieg ing), Op. 31 N. W. U. Male Chorus and Orches tra. Baritone Solo: Karl Kluender Part II. 6. ,a) “Le Postilion de Lonjumeau” (operatic selections) Adam b) “Le Lac de Fees” (<overture) ... Auber N. W. U. Orchestra 7. “Serenade” Titl C. Oerding, flute; E. Reim, cello; string and reed accompaniment 8. “Alma Mater”............................. Words by M. Sprengling, ’94. Mu sic by H. Jenny, ’05 Male Chorus 9. a) Overture: “Hungarian CoKeler Bela medy” b) Waltz: “Mein Thueringen Kiesler N. W. U. Band

“Taps” .................................................. By Bugler N. W. U. Military Com pany. Oscar Koschei O. E.

Concert at Hartland The night after the concert at Milwaukee had been given, our mu sical organizations gave their third concert of the year. It was unique in some respects, as it was preced ed by a hay-rack ride of three miles, from the street-car tracks to the city of Hartland. The Ladies’ Aid So ciety, under whose auspices the con cert was given, had a supper ready at a church-bazaar, which was be Both ing held at the same time, before and after the concert the band played some selections in the open air, for which they were pre sented with several boxes of cigars from the business-people and the Ladies’ Aid Society. The boys were then again taken to the street-car in the hay-racks, and arrived in Wa tertown in their special car at 1:30 a. m. The hall in which the concert was given was filled to overflowing and the crowd gave the boys a rousing reception. The program was, with but few exceptions, the same as that given in Watertown. Band Plays at Laying of Comer Stone June 5th twenty members of the band played at Hustisford for the laying of the corner-stone of the new school-house which is being

THE BLACK AND RED.

The following organizations were present: St. Mark’s Mixed Choir, St. John’s Mixed Choir, Watertown; Mixed Choir, Oconomowoc; Mixed Choir, Hustisford; Mixed Choir, Juneau; Mixed Choir, Horicon; Mixed Choir, Jefferson; Ladies’ Choir, Columbus; Male Choir, Mayville; Male Choir, Juneau; Male Choir, N. W. U.; N. W. U. Quartet; St. Mark’s Male Choir, Watertown; Teacher W. E. N. W. U. Band. Reim of Hustisford was director. After the program of the after noon the choirs assembled for a short business meeting in which Di rector Reim was re-elected. The Ladies’ Society of St. Mark’s provided for meals in the dininghall and for refreshments in the park.

built there. They left here Sunday morning on two wagons, arriving at Hustisford about noon. In the af ternoon, when the corner-stone was laid,the band accompanied the choir In addition to this they played sev eral other selections. They returned at about nine o’clock in the evening and reported a fine time. Saengerfe^t On June 12th a number of choirs from the vicinity of Watertown as sembled in our park for the second Ev. Luth. Sacngerfest. As there was no hall large enough to accom modate both the audience and* the singers a temporary stage large en ough to seat 325 had been built in front of the dormitory. That this was not large enough was subse quently proved, as there were over 300 singers present. The morning service contained the full liturgy which was by the entire chorus. The program for the afternoon con tained selections from the single choirs as well as several full chorus es. The most imposing of these was “Die Himmel Ruehmen.” It was sung with a spirit and vigor that fairly lifted both the audience and the singers from their feet.

Oconomowoc The fourth and last concert of this year is dated for June 15th at As this is the last Oconomowoc. public appearance of many members of the organizations it should be well To judge from the adrendered, vancc sale of seats, the boys will again be greeted by a full house as in every one of the preceding con certs.

-e*

PIE EEBOS ©MMHB0S A Race in the Air An interesting and very exciting contest in the air took place during the last week of April. The London “Daily Mail” offered a prize of $50,-

000 for the first flight from London to Manchester with not more than two stops. Mr. Louis Paulham, the greatest flying-machine driver in the world, won the race. He

THE BLACK AND RED.

made this flight of one hundred and eighty-four miles with only one stop and at an average speed of forty-five miles an hour. Claude Grahame White, an Eng lishman, who had already made an unsuccessful attempt before, again While failed to reach the goal, sleeping at home after hours of nard work, his rival suddenly start ed on his flight at half-past five in the afternoon. White was at once informed of Paulhan’s start, and he immediately set out after him. Dark ness and rain held him back, while Paulhan soared triumphantly to victory. In this race no records were brok en, neither for continuous flight nor for altitude. M. Paulhan had already flown one hundred and thir ty miles, from Orleans to Areis-surl’Aube, in France, without making a landing. At Los Angeles he made the world’s record last winter for altitude, 4,165 feet. Although no records were broken, some very important things were estab lished : the stability of the new aerial engine; the ability of the aeroplane to travel over entirely unknown country, with only signal lamps as guides.

■£

Bjoern^tjerne Bjoernson Through the death of Bjoernson, which has just occurred in L‘a is Norway has lost its greatest pa triot and writer. He was a mar. of such intensely national character that the Danish critic Bra rules says: “the mention of his name in a gath ering of his countrymen is like run ning vip the nation d flag.” And when some years ago it was* report ed that Bjoernson intended to lcttve Norway, he said: “I shall live right in Norway—I shall thrash and be thrashed in Norway—I shall win and die in Norway—of this you can be sure.” As a writer, however, Bjoernson is best known to most Americans in such tales as “Arne,” “A Happy Boy,” and “A Fisher Lass.” His first novel “Synnoeve Solbakken” wac published in 1S57. It was translated by Mary Howitt as “Trust and Trial.” Bjoernson was seventy-eight years old when he died, and to the end he showed in terest in writing and public affairs. In 1903 a worthy tribute was be stowed upon him, the Nobel prize for literature.

ALUJMME Ernies SI. Scfjrocbct (’73). t 23ei biefem Saljrcgfdjluffe fjat bet Gfjromft 3U beridjten, bafe ber Alumni* herein feit feiner lenten ©ifcung eine§ feiner alteften unb angefefjenften glicbec berloren Ijat: $rafe3 $i. <Sd)roe«

bel Don @t. $aul (’73) ift 00113 plofj' lid), in bet 23liite feiner $cd)re, cm3 eiuem gefegneten 28irfung§frcife al$ ©eelforgcr unb ©ynobalbcamtcr abgc» rnfen luorben. — 9?ctd) Icingercm Hit* luoljlfein, betn man fount einige 23cbcit* tung beimafe, eiu mefjrtdgigeS ®ranfcn»

THE BLACK AND RED. lager, einc erfolglofe Operation; bamt mufjten ibm bie trauernbeu gamilienmitglicbcr, eine ©tjuobe, bie ibn mie eineit Stoter ncrebrte, unb eine tiebenbe ©emeinbc faint tcifnebmeuben ©djmefter©tjuoben bag Ieptc ©elcite geben. ©djuett (jattc bcr Sob einem fdjrecflidjeit Seiben ein ©ube geniadjt. gurdjtlo* 1111b fcft, ruie jcbcr ©efaljr ini fieben, battc er bem Sobc in* Huge aefebcn, trot) unb gem if), bafs cr 311 feinem ©rlbfcr geben mcrbe. Scr §err (jatte ciitcit trcncn Sinedjt 311 fid) gerufen, ben mir nod) gerue bci un* bcljalteu fjcitten; — ©otte* SBege fir.b nidjt unfrc SBcge. — 3u 'Jicuftabt am Shilm, 33at)ern, geboren am 29. Souuar 1851, fani er im Sabre 1852 (u i djit 1853) uad) Ornerifa. S” SHUmcmfcc naljm fid) $aftor Wiblbaujcr fcincr bcfouber* an, unb ibm bat ^rdfe* ©djroebcl ftct* ein liebe* nolle* Oubcnfeu bemabrt. 3ucrft be* fudjte cr bie „SVilmaufce Ocabemt)." SBon bort ging er nod) SBatertomn, mo er in bie Scrtia ober ©efunba einjtrat. 01* e i n 3 i g c r Don feinen erften 2elj* rern mirft nod) $err sl>rof. CSrrnft an ber Ouftalt in SBatcrtomu. ©ein Siebliug*ftnbinm mar bie Watbematif, bamal* ba* gad) non "4>rof. ©afterbat). 01* er fpdtcr jelbft nad) SBateriomu al* Sebrer berufcn mnrbe, bebanertc er Iebljaft, baf) bie Storljaltuiffe c* uuntoglidj madjten, ibm biefe* Sad) 311 iibcrgcben. — Sljeologie ftnbierte er nntcr S)r. SBaltljer in ©t. Soui* (1S73—76). 9iad)bem er brc^eljn Sabre lang im ^farramtc geftanben, rief man ibn al* SSrofeffor an feiuc 0 Into 9W a t e r nad) SBatcrtomn. $ier nnterridjtete er Oom 9conember 1889 bi* 311111 ©nbe be* Scbnljabrc* 1S92—93, unb prebigte baucben mid) oft, geitmeife faft jeben ©onntag. (5* gelaitg ibm bitrd) ©otte* ©nabe bie Siebe unb ba* 3ntraucn ber ©tubentcn 311 geminneit, unb nuc mtgent fabeu fie ibn fdjeibeu, al* er einem

9htfe in* ^farramt nad) ©t. $aul folgte, mo er bi* 3U feinem Sobe mit grobent ©ifcr unb ©egen in ber ©emeinbe unb bcr ©tjnobe mirfte. — $rdfe* ber ©tjuobe murbe cr, al* $rcifc* ©. ©aufemib eiucn S3eruf nad) ttftilmaufee annabrn, im Dftober 1906. Saneben mar er langc Snbre ©licb be* ©eminar2)oarb*, be* S3oarb* ber Stteu-IUmer Onftalt unb ©cfrctdr ber Ottgemeinen ©tjnobc. Ser Sftinnefota Sinberfrcunb©efcttfdjaft ftanb er al* ^rcifibent nor non ifjrer ©riinbung an bi* etma ein Saljr nor feinem Sobe. — ©0 mar fein Seben gaii3 in ben SDienft ber $irdje geftettt, unb faft bi* 3U feinem Sobe*tage mar er raftfo* tcitig, an feinem Seile ba* SBcrt* be* ®errn 3U forbern. Sa, in mebr al* einer .'pinfidjt fbnnen mir, bie mir ibn iiberleben, ben SDabingcfd)iebenen un* ein 95orbiIb fein Iaffen. 9)fbd)te nor allcni ©ott un* ein fold) unerfcbiittcrlidje* 93crtrauen in bie giib* rung unb ba* SBalten ©otte*, einen fold) feften, fiublidjeu ©lauben fdjenfeu, mie cr fie bem nun ©ntfdjlafenen bcfdjicb. 9J2bd)te feme raftlofe ©ncrgie nub ©djaffcn*fraft, feme feltcne Sreue unb ©cmifienbaftigfcit in ber On*iibung and) ber fleinften ^flidjtcn un* aufporucu, mit gleidjem ©ifer bie ©adjc be* ^errn 311 trcibeu. 97?od)te aucb feiue Offenbeit unb ©erabbeit, feine unerfdjiitterlidjc Seftiofcit unb ilber3cu« guug*treue, ber ni^t* Oerbafeter mar, al* llufclbftftanbigfeit ober ©djmanfen unb ^adjgiebigfeit au* SWenfcbenfurc^t ober uni 9ftenfdjengunfi mitten, un* ermuntern, burdj ©otte* ©nabe feft unb treu, 9)2enfd)en unb ibre 9Wad)t nidjt* adjtcnb, ftet* 311 fjanbeln, mie e* ©ott unb uitfer ©emiffen un* gebicten. — 93cfonber* biirften bie Sriiber im Orunmi-SSerein fdjlieblid) nod) feiue gefunben Onfidjten iiber Su3enber3iebung intereffiercn, ba ja faft jebem non un*, — fei er Sefjrer ober $aftor, — mebr

The black and ober mentger biefeg B°Be 3Berf aufgetragen. — ©erne unb oft BeriiBrte cr bteg fein &ieBIinggtBema, unb nidjtg Be» bauertc er fo fcBr, alg bafe fo oft cine grofee SHuft 3mifd)en bcm (Sr3ieBer unb bent Ogling BefteBe, bie alXc 5XnndBe« rung, atleg gegenfeitige ©id)*33erftcBen, atte ©inmirfung Don feiten beg Seljrerg umnoglid) madje; loo nur auf bie Ubermittehmg Don ®cnntniffen eg abge« feBen fei, mo man nur burd) 53efefjl unb ©eBorfam eine 9frt aufcerlid)er £ud)t BerfteUe, ba fei Oon © r 3 i e B u n g gar feme 9tebe. ©Briftli(Be ©r3ieBung Babe eg Oor attem mit bcm £er3cn, mit bcr ©efinnung 3U tun. $Dag miiffe in ben SQIittefyunft gcriidt loerben. 9Senn ber ScBrer nur £ e B r e r, nid)t ©r3ieBcr, SSater, 3fliffionar, fein mode ober forme; locnn ber ©djiiler an iBrrt feinen §alt, feinen 33erater, feinen teilneBmcnben greunb in greube unb Seib Baby; loenn er nidjt aug Siebe unb 5TdBtnng, fonbern nur aug §urd)t ober ber SBeloBnung ber Senfur megen feine $flid)t tue, barm merbe bag £aug auf ben ©anb gebaut. — 9)?an fieBt, eg ift feine neue, feine BoBe SBeigBcit, bie Bier gelcBrt loirb; aber eg finb BeBer3igengioerte SBorte, ©ebanfen, bie anregen fonnen, bie Befonberg in unfern £agat, loo fo unenblid) Oiel unb Oietcrlei iiber ^dbagogif gerebet unb gefdjrieben mirb, loo loenigfteng Bier3ulanbc bie ^abagogif, Befonberg in ber ^rajig, fo gar Ieid)i unb oft Oon einem ©jtrem in bag anbere iiber-

red.

fdjlagt, eine 5frt gelg in biefem tobenben, Brobelitben Stteere Bilben fottten unb fomtten. @o fteX)t er Dor ung, ber 93ruber, ben bcr £err aug bcm ®ampfe abgerufeu Bat 3UC emigat 9inBe. ©old) eiu Sflaitn faun irreit, farm f^etjlcr BegeBen, abet* fcine 5frbcit mirb ber $err bem trcuen ®ued)te fcgneu. Sftogc fein Slnbenfen unter ung in ©Bren geBaltcn merben alg bag eineg trcuen ^fraelitcn. 5X1B c r t ®u B n,* ©B^onift beg 5ffumni*93ereing. * SDa ini ©emcinbe*93Iatt (Member) cine auSfiiBrlkBc 93ita erfdjicit, auf bic bcr (SBronift Biermit henueifen mod)tc. Bat er Bier nur auf bag 33c3ug gcuommen, mag nod) aufjerbcm fur bic Sflumnen unb greunbe Don SBidjtigtcit jcin fonnte.

Northwestern Club News Milwaukee News. Owing to his removal to New York city Mr. Otto J. Wallber, sec retary of the Northwestern Univer sity club of Milwaukee, was con Dr. strained to resign his office. Eberhard J. Notz, with offices at 423 Germania Bldg., was unani mously elected to fill the vacancy by the board of directors at the last regular meeting. vV

ATHLIETHCS RIPON 5, N. W. U. 5. Northwestern played the Ripon College nine on the local grounds May 1. The game was called at 12:45 to enable the visiting team to catch the train. Neither side scored

;

until the sixth inning, when Ripon scored two runs and the locals brought in five runs after two men were out. In the seventh inning Ripon scored three more runs, thus tieing the score. The lineup was as follows:

■

THE BLACK AND RED.

AB R H P A E RIPON. .210000 Howry, rf.. . 1 00000 Sorenson, rf .100100 Mapps, rf.. .401032 Getsloe, ss. Davis, R., If---- 3 1 1000 Davis, J., 3b---- 4 1 o 5 1 1 201820 Rosenthal, c 400900 Roberts, ib. 310030 Davy, 2b... 4 I 2 I o o Hassett, cf. 2 0 0 0 1 I Williams, p Totals

30 5

5 24 10 4

AB R H P A E N. W. U. Frey, 2b... 5 1 1 3 3 1 F. Schweppe, If.. 4 o 1 1 o 1 .3008 1 o Ziesemer, c. .300 1 00 Mahnke, rf. .40000 1 E. Berg, 3b A. Berg, p. ■ 3 1 I O O I C. Schweppe, ib. 4 I 3 9 i o Lehmann, cf---- 1 1 1 1 o 2 Koch, ss 3 1 1 1 1 1 30 5 8 24 6 7 Totals Summary—Struck out by Berg 6, by Williams 6; passed ball, Rosen thal; hit by Williams 1 (A. Berg). Umpire, Schultz. Time, 1 *.30. SEMINARY 3, N. W U. 5. Northwestern crossed bats with the team from the Seminary at Wa tertown on May 14. The semin ary team was composed partly of players who in the past had won laurels for Northwestern in athlet ics. Otto Koch secured the first hit for the alumni in the second in ning, making a three-bagger. Cap tain Ziesemer of Northwestern beat this in the next inning by making The lineup was as a home run. follows:

AB R H PO A E Seminary. Kowalke, ss.... 4 o o o 2 1 410220 Koehler, p Wendland, c---- 4 o 1920 210900 Probst, ib G. Pieper, 2b---- 4 o o 2 4 1 401 100 O. Koch, cf 401 120 Zell, 3b.... 400001 P. Pieper, If Birkholz, rf 3 1 0000 Totals

33 3 324 12 3 AB R HPO E N. W. U. ..40001 Frey, 2b---.. 4 1 1 1 1 Lehmann, cf Ziesemer, c. .. 4 1 1 x3 1 ..301 10 Mahnke, rf.. ..40010 A. Berg, p.. .. O Io I 1 E. Berg, 3b. C. Schweppe, ib---- 3 1 050 20030 F. Schweppe, If 31222 PI. Koch, ss... 27 5 s 27 6 Totals............ Summary: Three-base hit, O. Koch, Wendland; two-base hit, H. Koch; double play, Wendland to G. Pieper; hit by Koehler 2, by A. Berg 2; base on balls off Koehler 3, off A. Berg 1; passed ball, Wendland 1; umpire, Kluender; time, 1:25. LAWRENCE 9 N. W. U. 4Northwestern received its first defeat in baseball May 20th at the hands of the Lawrence team from The first two innings Appleton, proved fatal for the locals, the vis itors scoring six runs during that After this Northwestern time. played good ball, the fielding de serving especial praise, but failed to bring in enough scores to win the Van Patter pitched fine game, ball for Lawrence.

THE BLACK AND RED.

ioo

Summary: Three-base hits, Col lar, Ziesemer; two-base hits, Vaughn, F. Schweppe; struck out by Van Patter 12, by A. Berg 7; hit by pitcher, by A. Berg 1; pass ed ball, Griffin 2; double plays, Van Patter to Griffin to Vaughn; um pire Schultz; time, 1:30. WHITEWATER NORMAL N. W. U. 3.

10,

On Saturday, May 28th, N. W. U. was defeated by the Whitewater Normal School at Whitewater, Wis., the score being 10 to 3. N. W. U. met its Waterloo in the third in ning, when the Normal boys by some timely hitting and a great deal more luck managed to bring in eight scores. With the exception of this inning the game was interest ing and close throughout. WATERTOWN 13, V

I .

f =:1 £

N. W. U. o.

Northwestern crossed bats with the Watertown team belonging to the city league of Milwaukee on Memorial Day. The first inning was fatal for. N. W. U. Six men hit by pitched balls and several errors net ted Watertown ten runs. After this the varsity team played consistent ball. Borchardt from Madison pitched for Watertown, but his ef forts were eclipsed by Art. Berg, the pitcher for the collegians, who, in spite of having pitched only two days before against the Whitewater Normals, twirled fine ball. The line up was as follows: Watertown. Mannis, 2b. Powers, rf. Kronitz, ib

AB R H PO A E 3 3 1 5 1 o 330000 412610

Bahr, If.... 310300 Heitz, 3b.. 400120 Borchart, p 4 2 1 1 1 o Hahn, cf... 310200 5 10700 Hamm, c.. G. Richards, ss.. 5 1 o 2 1 1 Totals...

34 13

4 27

N. W. U. AB R II PO A E .300224 Frey, 2b. .. Lehmann, cf.... 2 o 0000 400900 Ziesemer, c 200000 Mahnke, rf. 400040 A. Berg, p. I o o o 3 I E. Berg, 3b 000 F. Schweppe, If.. 4 o Koch, ss 300414 Kehrberg, lb.... 3 o 1900 26 o 2 24 10 9 Totals Summary: Earned runs, Watertown 3, N. W. U. o; struck out by Borchart 7, by A. Berg 9; double play, Richards to Mannis; passed balls, Ziesemer 2; hit by pitcher, Borchart 2, A. Berg 6; base on balls, off Borchart 5, off A. Berg 2; um pires, Schultz and Berigan.

BELOIT 1, N. W. U. o. On June 3d N. W. U. met Beloit College on the home grounds in one of the closest college games played It was a in the state this season, fourteen inning game, and exciting throughout. In the seventh inning when Mahnke by a series of sacri fice hits had succeeded in getting to third, there was a chance to score, but Schweppe was put out at first by a little drive to short. Again in the eighth inning all bases were fill ed, but Beloit by some good fielding prevented N. W. U. from scoring. Beloit scored in the fourteenth in ning when Williams bunted and

THE BLACK AND RED. Mahnke failed to get the ball on first, thus allowing Osen of Beloit to come home. The lineup was as follows: Beloit. Baltzer, 2b. Pearsall, ss. Sleep, If.... Sciffert, ib. Osen, rf.... Selleseth, c. Williams, cf Lien, p........ Munson, 3b. Totals....

AB R H PO A E .601350 .50003 1 .502200

. 6 o o 19 3

.312100

. 5

o o 14 o o

.500100 .60 1 060 .5012 o 46

7 42 18

N. W. U. AB R H PO A E Frey, 2b... .60233 1 Lehmann, cf.... 6 o o 3 o o Ziesemer, c.......... 6 o 118 o o Mahnke, ib........ 6 o 311 2 1 A. Berg, p 501050 E. Berg, 3b 2 1 5 o 1 Schwcppc, If___ 5 o 1 1 o 1

Koch, ss.. Whyte, rf

101 501402 602100

50 o 12 42 12 6 Totals Summary: Earned runs, Beloit o, N. W. U. o; left on bases, Beloit 10, N. W. U. 11; struck out by Lien 12, by A. Berg 15; base on balls off Lien 1, off A. Berg 2; hit by pitcher, by A. Berg 1. CARROLL 3, N. W. U. 7. N. W. U. defeated Carroll College at Waukesha June 4th. Frey made his debut as pitcher in this game, and pitched fine ball for N. W. U. Lehmann’s fielding and Ziesemer’s batting were features of the game. Copps played a fine game at short stop for Carroll. Summary: Two-base hits, Frey, Copps, Glover; double play, A. Berg to Mahnke; left on bases, N. W. U. 12, Carroll 4: struck out by Frey 6, by Ross 6; hit by pitcher, Ross 2; wild pitch, Frey 1.

EH CHAMOIS With this number we leave our desk and the exchanges for a time, to acquire new strength and energy for our work during the summer. We hope to find the full number of exchanges in autumn and all of them without the habitual irregu larity and dullness. With the large amount of latent energy, stored . during the two months, to back us, this first number ought always be the best of the year. It ought to be the object of every editor to get his material before and during va cation, to assure the necessary promptness.

The BERKLEYDIAN has al most outdone itself in the May num ber. We read with pleasure the various departments. “A Limerick” is unique and has the much-requir ed originality. “Tennyson’s Works” contains well defined thoughts. Your school-notes, if written on the style of everyday college-talk, are nevertheless of interest even to an outsider. You could improve your exchange column very much by writing more extended criticisms.

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In the“LESBIAN HERALD” one generally finds the interesting and the instructive well balanced— the ideal of a literary department. “Tennyson’s Life and Character as Shown in His Poetry,” in the May number, gives a comlpete oversight of the life and works of the poet laureate. Without a doubt a poet with such a life’s work behind him could sing his “Crossing the Bar” in perfect faith. “The Borrower,” the college play, is captivating, even if of no great dramatic worth. The one editorial seems to be the last effort of a despairing editor-in-chief, calling for contributions and in terest. You have our sympathy! “THE ENVOY,” a new exchange does not make a very good impres sion, considering that it is an old paper already. The April number contains very little. Edited by the sophomores, it gives us little be sides class history and prophecy. You entirely mistake the purpose of an exchange column. As you don’t criticise any other magazines, why don’t you head this column with the more appropriate heading, “Jokes?” It is anything but an exchange column now. We should advise a stronger literary depart ment. The April number of the CRES-

SET does not exactly abound in literary productions. The pleasant change of paragraphs and depart ments, however, make this paper always attractive. Would not “De bating Contests" have felt more at ease among the editorials? The editor of the Art column makes a rather sweeping statement in claim ing that we now have only imitat ors and no artists. Can you prove the assertion ? Although there is a certain decline in art since the be ginning of the 18th century, it is safer to avoid such general state ments. The April “CLARION” is entire ly devoted to the school’s champion basket-ball team. This in itself is well and good; but it is not advis able to neglect any departments of We the paper on this account, failed to find, for instance, your ex change department, although we even inspected the ads. The one story, “Winston’s Indians," is con sistent with the basket-ball nature of the paper and rather exciting. Only the transition from introduc tion to the main body is too abrupt; one is forced to read it twice to catch the sense. But we think a staff of 18 members with a school to back it could put up a better magazine.

L©CALS

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On May 13, Prof. A. F. Reim of New Ulm called on his son Ed mund. Prof. Reim had been in Mil waukee to be present at the funeral of Mr. George Brumder. Mr. Martin Ave’-Lallemant of Schleisingerville, a former member

of the class of ’12, paid old class members and friends a visit May 30, and 31. The following former students were seen in our midst May 30: Otto Ernst, 02; Ernst Heilmann, ’05; Ralph Owen, 05 j Paul Berg-

THE BLACK AND RED. mann, '09; Otto Koch, ’09; Ernst and Edward Birkholz, ’09, and Wil liam Knudsen. Mr. Arthur Berger of Neilsville called on Hans Brandt, prep., on April 29. Mr. Carl UfFenbeck was the guest of friends at Oconomowoc on May 15Mr. Paul Lutzke, prep, was at his home in Beaver Dam on May 15. On May 25, Adolf Zubcrbier, ’10, was in Oconomowoc on business. He was accompanied by Fred Born, prep. Mr. John Bade, ’12, enjoyed a visit from his nephew, Harvey Emmer, of Hartford, May 31. W. Thrun, J. Masch and A. Tacke, all members of the class of 1912, walked to Theresa on May 14.

103

Mr. Emmanuel Finck was at his home in Lake Mills May 30. Otto Toepel, ’12, and Paul Froehke, ’12, were pleasantly entertained at the home of Bernhard Seefeldt, ’12, on May 28.

William Beitz, prep., and Arnold Sitz, prep., "hiked it” to Browns ville, the former’s home, May 14. Alfred Schfoeder, acc., accompan ied by Robert Starke, Acc., visited his parents at Milwaukee May 14. Albert Zebell, ’13, was the guest of his parents at Waterloo May 21. Waldemar Petri, prep., enjoyed a call from his mother of Arlington and sisters Dora and Lena of Mil waukee, May 30. Arthur Hanke, Ti, and Winfred Schaller made a business trip to Ju neau May 19.

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—Dr.: Sie wissen ja alle was cin —Baseball!! —Concerts! fiord ist, nicht wahr? Red: Ya, ein promontory. —Marchout! —Senior: Borrow me your ruler —V acation! please. —Prof. (In Latin to Sextaner) : Ist Soph.: 1 lost mine, but England der Dichter weiblich? got a new one yesterday. Sextaner: Nein, er ist leminina. —Prof.: Name the mountains of —Roby : Say Asinus! Arc you hun gry because you always look New York. calls: about when someone Sextaner: The Catskili and Ad“Hai!” ironstack (Adirondack). —Prof.: What is the atmosphere? —Prof.: (In Physics): In Germany all beer-glasses are graduated Prep.: Where the clouds meet (in meters). the ocean. Happy: Everything must be ed —Dr.: Where is chlorine found? ucated there. Steamer: Why in—in the air. —Translating (magister equitum) —Dr.: How can you store waves? Lehrer der Reiter. P-mp-r-n: Catch them and keep —Kalter has been out lately with on shaking the water. the nightmare. —It is rumored that Spitz took a —Bora: I wanted to see the town cat by the anecdote and extin~ but it started to rain so hard an<3 guished her. I had’a (to) duck.

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THE BLACK AND RED. —Bates made a date but got left. When he inquired about the rea son he received the answer: Why didn’t you hang around? —Prof.: Is peacock masculine or feminine? Shorty: Feminine. Prof.: No sir, you are wrong, peacock means pearooster. Star: Could you say peachanticleer? —Dr.: (Who had just assigned a written exercise) : Pete: Muessen wir das auf Papier schreiben? —Prof.: That is like buying some thing you never saw. P-m-s: Just like catching a greasy pig on the 4th of July. —Oft in the stilly night, Ere slumber’s chain has bound me,

105

Loud howling brings the light Of cats a fightin’ round me; The growls, the spits Of feline fits, The phrases I then mutter, The shoes that sail Tell many a tale, The fight ends with a flutter. Thus in the stilly, etc. When I remember all The cats so grouped together, I’ve seen around me fall Like leaves in wintry weather, I feel like one Who treads alone Some prison all deserted, Whose guards are fled, Whose jailor dead, And all but me departed, Oft in the stilly night, etc. By Jinks those cats.

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Men of strict ideas about stgle, who dress correctly always, are the sort of men who are easiest to satisfy here with these

Hurt l)dh§il?ffiin®iF H Mgnrss clothes. Because in every detail—all-wool fabrics, perfect tailoring, exact fit and proper style—they're right clothes. Such men know.

SUITS $20.00 to $28.00

HERTEL & HOFFMANN

•j

Daylight Clothing Store 107-109 MAIN STREET

F. G. Keck & Co.

Parker Fountain Pens Make Very Appropriate Graduating Gift*

Price $1 to 6 and up For Sale at

EBERLE'S DRUG STORE Watertown, Wis.

204 Main St.

WATERTOWN’S BIG FURNITURE STORE 110-112 Main Street WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN ij

CONCORD

With Ara-Notch

HERRO & SON Dealers in

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS 2X0 Main Street* Watertown, Wis,

EVANSTON With Buttonhole

THE NEW

Arrow Collars FOR SUMMER 15c. each—2 for 25c. Arrow Cuffs, 25o. Cluett, Peabody & Co., Mahers

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©R E. J. MOEHMAIM DENTIST 106 FIRST STREET

]

’PHONE NO. 258 i

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Wm. F. Brandt & Son Co. DRY GOODS

m m is

Carpets, Cloaks and Clothing A PRACTICAL STORE FOR

PRACTICAL PEOPLE \ Main and Third Sts.

Watertown, IV/s.

EAT THE BEST

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAIME'S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

3abnke dreamery Co. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

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College Yell"

BAUMAN’S Home Made Candies 20c. PER POUND

ICE CREAM i

AND SODAS

NONE BETTER “Spaldings"

BASE BALL GOODS

always were and always will be, the

“Standard ot the World” i

In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that. We carry a full line at all times.

WM, G.PRITZLAFF&CO,

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE HOURS: 2

and

9 to

A. M.,

8 P. M.

OFFICE, 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

Re® Chhcle 5 CENT CIGARS ARE ALWAYS GOOD A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS FOR THE C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

I ANNOUNCEMENT! We are offering: a New 25c Sock for men, possessing: wearingqualities, fit and appearance far superior to any half-hose ever before offered at anything like the price. It is a fine texture, lightweight, snug fitting sock, in permanent silk-lustre colors and manufactured with the new wearresisting

wm&i

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l°HEELj

ASK FOR INTERWOVEN SOCKS

SCHEMPF BROS. CO. WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

THE BIG CASH STORE

I you gun $m money

BY BUYING

SHOES AT

| GORDER’S £

604=00$ main Street

^UUiUUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUilUUiUiUiUiUlUlUiiliiUUilUUiUiUiU^

1; 1 i

fl,; i ilif -! ' 3 •

E. H. COOK, M. D.

GLAUS & JAEGER

Practice limited to

EYE. EAR. NOSE AND THROAT Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. m.j to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evening*. Sundays, 10 to 11 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wis.

PRINTERS OF THIS

BANK OF WATERTOWN

DKALERB IS

FTJRNITUHB

UNDERTAKERS

and

EMBAEMERS ■Watertown, WIb.

607-609 Main St.

Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORE

MIG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Street

Dr. O. H. Dornfeld DENTIST Office Hours: 9-12 a. m.t 2-6 p. m. Central Block., N. E. Cor. Third and Main Sts. Watertown, Wisconsin

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS ----- GO TO-----

Motl’s Ground Floor Studio 312 Main Street REMEMBER quality ramaina after price ia forgotten

Wisconsin

ESTABLISHED 1854

Nowack & Kohls All Kinds

PUBLICATION

Watertown

CAPITAL, 8100,000. Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE CR()CF.KItS at

JOHN E. NEISMANN {16

MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

#ird)cubad)cr, ®cl)rdbmatcrlal tin* ftattet) CfjinaVoraellan finb ju Ijabcn bci

OTTO HEYN attain ©trafie Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies, REPRESENTED 13Y

Fred W. Gamm Watertown, WIs.

Something Important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never bum anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

Good Groceries

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FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND UP

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys. Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pcttikonc Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufactures of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0.

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lit

One fair trial will convince

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you what a saving it would be to deal regularly with u:

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

JOS.

’Phone Sl-Y

Give your Laundry to KRUBSACK, Manager.

STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENT

AT OUR STORE you will always get

the

freshest and best Groceries it is possible to obtain, a great

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variety to choose from and

PATRONIZE “BLACK AND RED”

FRED BITTNER 501-503 IS. Fourth St.

ADVERTISERS

unequalled prices.

WATERTOWN, W!SCONS!IS

|)£ (£. jUklteri TEACHER OF

$xxxlxnr ^xtroix nixfc £tuhia 109 fHain £t.

©tyrii 3Floor

ABOVE HERTEL & HOFFMANN’S CLOTHING STORE

The Most Complete Line of

Pa©gB CnIkdSg in the city at

WM. KRAMER 114 W. Main

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries JAEDECKEGRAMS 611-613 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

Tel. 155-Y

New Belvidere Hotel Temperance Hotel

Our Popular College Song Old Northwestern NOW ON SALE AT THE COLLEGE STATIONERY

Special attention given to

SEND MAIL ORDERS TO

Otto T. Ernst, 251 17th St., Milwaukee,Wis.

College Base Ball & Foot Ball Teams

DURANT’S FINE CANDIES i

PRICE 15c, BY MAIL 17c.

Advertise in the c <

BLACK RED AND

ICE CREAM AND ------SODAS 105 MAIN STREET

* *

DR. A. J. SC t

DENTIS'

•

313 Main Street

Watertown, ’ —rtf.

Chas. A. Gamm

W. 0. SPRSESS

Tho Corner Druggist

JEWE

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Prescriptions a Specialty

PIANOS AND

............-.......................r.»—'I. —■ i ■ ■■■■■———

101 Main bt.

■:

'Phoao No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

Give us a Cai l We'vl Try ASd Pr.EASU You

IV. c.

F©ir Sly’Oo ffnS amni

Successor to- Hades & S Manufacturer# of High Grade

ICE CREAM AND IK will be found fresh, pure and who!

WEAR i

We also carry a fall line ©f candy ties at a low price. Call at

LEO BUESSH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

Watbrtoww,

Mueller Brothers

SHA VING BRV. SPORTING G POCKETl RAZOR m

SHARP CORKER GROCERS i

<c®o®§B 3FH<s)Bfflr aiaaaB FC^(«l fi

'Phone 214-X

905 Main St

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C..-V

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$ ■

•

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ARE YOU READY TO TALK FALL CLOTHES? There is something about

Sincerity Clothes

that pleases a man,. It stands to reason that we are pleased with them, else we wouldn't sell them and as a matter of fact, while we see perhaps a dozen of the rep resentative lines in a season, there \ are none that seem to us so good fl: ' ■gp ** in every essential. We note, too, " that they please our customers ■m and account for it in a great I measure, because there is no BMlMlil jHH v ' X a • skimp to the way they are made. aa When a coat is tried on a man for the first time the collar fits close and the lapels fit well; and there is a roominess to the gar I ilia : ment that gives a man a certain sense of comfort and a feeling of I.; a being well dressed. All these a things mean a lot in a suit; but it when you get down to the fine [M points of clothes value, it means more to have a “SINCERITY” label, for it stands as a guaranty 1 against any mistakes in making.

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Wegemann - Faber - Kaercher

COMPANY Cor. Main and Third Sts., Watertown, Wis.

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THE BLACK AND RED

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Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., September, 1910.

Cutflufo fccr 2>cutfcfocn auf fcic ^niuncfclutta fccr Dcrcmsatcn Staatcn. (German Oration.) (53 gibt in unferm Sanbe Diele $e= [d)idit§biid)er bcr S3creinigten ©taaten, in benen bie 2aten ber O'nglanber, 3r* Icinbcr, fVrai^ofen unb ©djoUen fcf)r ge= priefen merben, aber in beren menigen ben ^Deutfd)cn 5lmerifa§ bie @f)re 3uertcilt mirb, bie ifjncn gebiifjrt. (5rft in ber allerletjten 3eit baben fid) ctlidje Scutfdje baran gemadjt, aud) ba3 SBirfen ibrer 2anb§leute in unferm Sanbc auf* 3U3cidmen, bamit e3 in fpateren 3e^cn nid)t ganslid) oergeffen merbe. 2Bie oiele fmb iid) mobl ijeute bemufjt, meld)e Doolie gcrabe in unferm 2anbe gefpielt baben unb nodj fpieten? SBerben fie nid)t mei* ften§ ^tngeftetlt, al3 feien fie nur ba§ fiinfte Slab am SBagen? SDiefe 23erfen* nung aber anbert nicf)t3 an ber Satfadje,

Number 4

ba& bic 2)eutfd)en einen baucrnbcn (Sin fluB auf bie 23ereinigten ©taaten au§ge^ iibt fysfrn unb nod) iiben, bcnn obgleid) unfcr 2anb urfpriinglidj eineôlonie (5nglanb3 mar, fo fann man bie3 ^cute faum nod) crfenncn. 93Mr fjaben jetjt faft nidjt3 mit (Snglanb gemeinfam ciujjer natiirlidj ber ©pradje. Unfcte ©itten, gnbuffrie, ôlittf unb iiberijaupt unfcr ganged Seben unb Sreiben ât cin befon* berca ©eprage befommen. Unb bie§ ift mobl in erfter Sinie bcm (Sinflufj bcr SDeutfdjen 3u-jufdjreiben. S3iclen mag bic» mobl cin menig iibertricbcn gu fcin fdjeinen, aber menn man bebenft, baft mcnigften§ cin SDrittel bcr jeijigen S3e= solferung unfre3 2anbe3 beutfd)e§ S3Iut in i()ren 5fbern fliefjen $at, bann fteflt fid) bicS bod) mobl gang glaubmiirbig bar. SDafe einc foId)e 3a^ 2)cutfdjcr einen 3iemlid)en (Sinfhijj auSiiben mufete; mirb mobl niemanb bcgmcifcln, unb bies urn fo meniger, menn man bebenft, mie unfer 2anb frii^cr befdjaffen mar.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

$lu§gemanbcrt au§ einem reidjen unb ganbgut unb ben SGunfd), bafe e§ attcgext frudjtbaren Sanbe, mo fie gum grofeten -xm SQeiihc fexner gamilie bleiben mbge. %t\\ nut $tderbau getrieben fatten, er= gnfolge beffen ift fein ©treben ftetB 'bar* gtiffen bie $>eutfd)en natiirlid) and) f)iet auf geridjtet, ba§ fianb immet im beften im ftemben fianbe, mo fie ineiftenB nut guftanbe gu fatten unb e§ feinen Stin* Utmalb tootfanben, biefetbe S3efd)afti= bern aud) fo gu Ijinterfaffen. SDafjer er* gung. Unb fie Ijaben fid) aud). immet aI3 Haten fid) aud) feine feften, bauerfjaften bie beften fianbteute gegeigt, bie aud) oet* ©ebaube, bie fur mefjr al£ eine ©ene* ftanben, baS frudjtbarfte fianb au§gu* tation errid)tet fmb. .£)at bet SDeutfdje fudjen. 2)enn mafjrenb fid) bie englifdjen fo fein eigeneB fianbgut, bann uerqifct et unb itlanbifdjen 21nficblct meiftcnB an feine altc angeborenc SBanbcrluft unb ben gliiffen entlang niebertie&en, be- fiifjtt fid) gerabegu an feine ©d)oIIe ge* gaben fid) bie 5)eutjd)cn faft immet in bunbcn. Unb burd) fold)c Cparafter* bie bid)teften SBalber, moljl miffenb, bafj eigenfdiaften Ijaben bie £)eutfd)en einen ba, mo bie SSaume am bidften madjfen, bauernben ©influfj auf ben Wderbau audj ber 23oben am ftuibtbatften ift. ©o unfreB fianbeB auBgeiibt unb ben ©runb fommt eB audj, bob fjeute baB befte fianb gelegt gu einer gcfunbcn fianbmirtfdjaft, faft attemal in bem Sefiig Oon SDeutfdjen ofjne bic fein ©taat bcftcbcn fann. ift, befonberB in bem ©taatc $ennfblt>a5Dic bcutfdjcn fianMcute finb cB aud), nien, ber nodj beute feine fjerDorraqenbe bie ben rcid)en, ftud)tbarcn SBcftcn fiit ©tellung getabe ben beutfd)en fianb* unS erobert unb gucrft bcftebelt f)aben. Ieuten gu betbanfen Ijat; benn fie finb eB, $UB bie ©d)aren fpatercr ©inmanberer bie ifjn gum ©arten idmetifaB gemadjt nid)t mcbr geniigenb fianb in ben Stiiften* fjaben. Unter bet 2(ft ber erften 2(nfieb* ftaaten finben fonnten, brangen fie immet Ier mutben bie SBalber in furger 3^^ meiter in bie milbcn, abet frud)tbarcn auBgerobet, unb bliifjenbe unb frud)tbare ©ebirqBtcilcr Ijincin, gingcn fogar iiber ©etreibefelbet ftanben balb ba, mo oor* baB WpDaIadjian*©ebirge ungcadjtet bet fjer nidjtB alB Utmafb gemefen mat. ©djmicrigfeitcn unb bet ©efaf)t oor ben Itberatl, mo fidj bie SDeutfdjen nieber* gnbianetn, biB fte fdjliefefid) unfre reidje Iiefjen, famen fie oormartB unb bradjten ©egenb I)ier befeijt i)aben. T)enn el ftef)t eB gu einem gemiffen Sffioljlftanbe, mal)* feft, bag bic erften bteibenben Wnfiebter renb bie SSertreter anberet âtionalitaten in unfern DJtittefftaaten SDeutfdje maten, oft auB grower ?ftot ben Sfderbau auf* meBfjafb fie aud) peute nod) iibermiegen. geben unb einer anbern S3efd)ciftigung ©rofj ift and) bie 3aW bet 2)eutfd)en, na^geên mu^ten. (53 gibt gemiffe Câ* bie fid) in ben mcftlid)en .îiftcnftaaten raftergiige, bie ben beutfdjen fianbmann niebergefaffen f)aben unb f)ier ^fderbau, bot benen anbrer âtionafitdten au§5 Dbftbau unb befonber§ 3Beinbau treiben; geidjnen, namlid^ biefe, bafe er auf ge* benn bie meiften Sieingarten in Saliformiffe 2)inge, bie anbere al§ Hleinigfeiten nien mie aud) in fDttffouri merben bon anfefjen, ein gtofeeS ©emid)t legt. ©o 3)eutfd)en gepffegt. uberpaupt fjaben fid) f)ai ber beutfeê fianbmann einen ftarfen bie i)eutfd)en iiber ben gangen SBeften ©inn fur ©enauigfeit, ©parfamfeit, berbreitet unb begeben fid) cr^ fReinlidjfcit unb Drbnung, — ©b^TflUets redjt babin. 3a» man gef)t nid)t fcÎ, giige, bie einen erfolgreidjen fianbmann menn man bie ©eminnung be§ gtofeen au§macben. 2Ba§ er anfangt, ba§ tut er unb reid)cn 3CBeften§ in bet §auptfadie forgfaltig unb nad) feinem beften 23er* ben 2>eutfd)en unb unter biefen befonberB mogen. @r Ijegt eine Siebe gu feinem ben beutfdien fianbleuten gufdjreibt.

THE BLACK AND RED. 23ebenft man nun, bag ein (Stoat ogne $Iderbau nidjt gebeigen fann, unb bag bie SDeutfcgen ben ©runb gelegt gaben 3U einem gcfunben ^Iderbau in unferm fianbe, bann mug man 3ugeben, bag bie Seutfdjen mitgin bag 9J?eifte getan gaben unb nod) tun jur 5Xufrerf)terI)aItung unb §ebung beg fianbeS. ©men ebenfo grogen gfeig unb eine ebenfo groge gertigfeit aber loie im Stderbau geigen bie Seutfdjen aud) in allerlei §anbluerfen. JJa, nian modjte fagen, fie finb 311 attem gefdjidt, loag man aud) immer 311 tun finben fann. S)anf igrer ©djulung im S3aterlanbe nagnien fie gier alg ©nnbluerfer bafb eine gerborragenbe ©tclfung ein, bcfonberg afg Sifcgler, 23cidcr unb ©djfcidjter. ©e* rabcju beriigmt ift ja ber SQcider (5griffopg Cubioig, ber im 33cfreiunggfriege alg ©eneralbader ber $(rmee fo groge SDienfte geleiftct gat. 3nfolgc igrcr grogen gertigfeit in ben bcrfdjiebcnen £>anbiucrfen gaben bic 2>eutfcben and) oiclc groge gabrifen an* gcicgt, non beijcn einigc fogar bie ©gr? gaben, bie grbgten in ber SBelt 311 fein. ©0 gaben fid) bic Seutfdjen gier befon* berg gerborgetan in ber gabrifation Don alterlei Wderbaugerciten. Seriigint finb ja bie ©onncgtogaer SBagen, bie, loie man [agt, geute in ben Mutomobileg forts bcftegcn. Sie grbgte SBagenfabrif in ber 2Bclt ift bic ber beutfcgcn ©ebriiber ©tu* bebater in ©outg 58enb, gnbiana. 5ludj gaben ficg unfere Sanbgleute gier cineu grogen 5ftatnen geinadjt loegen igrer grogen Scilnagme an ber £erftettung bon ©ifen unb ©tagl. ©djon bie erften 3mmigranten gaben ftcg giermit befdjaf* tigt unb big auf ben geutigen Sag gegen nod) biele Seutfdje biefer 93efcgaftigung nad). Sag erfte ©ifen in ipiitgburg lourbe bon ©eorg 5lnfd)ug, einem Singes borenen ©tragburgg, berarbeitet, ber im Sagre 1796 mit 3toei ©egilfen ben ^un* tingtons©d)me(3ofen baute. inhere $ios

108

niere auf biefem ©ebiete ber ^nbuftrie toaren ©amuel gagnenftod unb ©eorg ©cgonberger, bie gufammen ben Juanitas ©ifengammer in §untington ©ountp er* ridjtet gaben. 3n ber ©taglfabrifation gafcen bie Seutfdjen ebenfallg ©rog* artigeg geleiftet. SDer ©taglfonig unfrer 3cit ift befanntlug ein ©cgotte, 2fnbreto ©arnegie, aber feine beiben fagigften ©e* gilfen maren SDeutfdje nameng $einricg grid unb Karl ©djloab. yjtufifliebenb toie bie SDeutfcgen immer luaren, gaben fie aucg gier im fremben fianbe bie .fterftellung bon 9J?uftfinftrus menten fleigig betrieben; ja fie gaben fo* gar auf biefem ©ebiete bie 23agn ge* brodjen. SBeltberiigmt finb bie gnftru* mente bon ©emiinber, ©teimoeg, Knabe unb SDJeber. ©g ift iibergaupt berner* tcngioert, bag bie SDeutfcgen befonber? auf ben ©cbieten ber gnbuftrie borger* fcgenb maren, in benen eine getoiffe tejg* nifcge 23orfd)ulung unb Kunft notig ift. Sieg 3eigt fid) gauptfacglicg bei ben beut* fd)cn gngenieuren unb ©gemitern. 2(lg Sngenieure gaben ficg gang befon* berg gerborgetan gogann Dabbling, ber ©rfinber ber tnobernen £>angebriide, unb Karl ©dmeiber, ber bie fogenannte San= titeberbriide erfunben gai, benn fte gaben in ben 33ereinigten ©taaten ben grbgten gortfdjritt im Sriidenbau gemaigt. S)ie DJtonongagelasângebriide bei $ittgburg, bie SSriide iiber ben ftiagaraspflug unb bie briigmte 93rooftpnbriide, bie atg ein 93?eiftermerf in ber Secgnit baftegt, fmb alle bag 2Berf fJtoblingg, toagrenb bie SantUeberbriide iiber bie îagarasgatle unb nod) einige anbere groge 23riiden bon $art ©igneiber fonftruiert fmb. 5((g Sgemiter finb bie Seutfdjen nidgt minber bebeutenb, gaben botg gerabe fie auf berfcgiebenen ©ebieten groge ôrt* fdjritte gemadjt. .igbcgft intereffant ift eg ja, bag Sarnegie einen gemiffen 2)r. gride aug Seutfcglanb fommen Iieg, bem er alg Sgemifer in feiner ©taglinbuftrie

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far

109

THE BLACK AND RED.

$15,000 2ofjn besatjtte, unb bag itjm bie* fer, etje bal 3a^r urn toar, metjr Ml £)oppette eingebradjt fjatte, inbem er el mogiidj madjte, jegt foldjel ©ifen 3U ge* braudjen, bal man border fiir unbraudj* bar getjalten tjatte. $ttl i^n nun einige ©tatjtfabrifanten fagten, bag fte el nidjt ermbglidjen tonnten, beutfdjen ©tjemifern einen foldjen fabelfjaften 2ofjn 3U 3at)ten, antmortete ©arnegie: „Wir tbnnen aber nidjt ofjne fte fein." ©erabe biefe $tnt* mort ©arnegiel 3eigt, metdjen ©influg bie beutfdjen ©fjemifer auf berfdjiebene 3nbuftricn unferl fianbel aulge* iibt tjaben. S)er §anbel unfrel 2anbel Ijat eben* fattl bent ©inftug ber SDeutfdjen biel 3U berbanten. SDer grbgte Wann auf bie* fern ©ebiete ift mo^t o^ne 3lDdfei 3°' ânn 3a^0^ ^ftor gemefen, ber burd) fei* nen $el3ljanbet einer ber reidjften Wan* ner ber SMt gemorben ift. 5lu§ biefem alien geM lêrbor, bag un* fere beutfeên Sanblteute 3ur materietten §ebung unfrel Sanbel fetjr biel beigetra* gen unb ftcfj bor teiner etjrtidjen Arbeit gefcfjeut âben. 5tber auc^ 3ur geiftigen êbung âben fie nid)t minber biet getan; benn bei all itjrer fc^meren Arbeit tjaben fte fietl einen fjotjen ©inn fiir Wiffen* fdâft unb Eunft an ben Sag gelegt. 3)ie ©orge fiir ©djuten, mo igre Minber in ben ntancêrtei fjaêrn, bie notmenbig ftnb, unterric^tet murben, tjaben fte fid) ftetl neben ber ©orge fiir Rirdjen am meiften angelegen fein taffen. 2)ag biel ber ift, fann man fdjon barait er* fennen, bag bie ©djaren bon ©inmanbe* rern in ben meiften fallen fogleidj i^ren SeMcr mit ft(^ natjmen. 22o biefel aber nic^t gefdjatj, ba mar i^re erfte ©orge einen Setjrer 3U betommen. ©3 mar itjnen aber teinelmegl einertei, metdje ©djule i^re Minber befudjten; nein, fie follten bor alien SDingen auc^ in ber tfte* Iigion unterric^tet merben, unb 3mar fottte biel nur in beutfdjer ©pradje ge*

fdjetjen. 3a, Me SDeutfdjen ftnb feinel* megs He SDummen, Ungetetjrten, fur Me mandje ©nglifd)*5tmcrifancr fte fo Iange getjalten tjaben. 3m ©egenteit fte tjaben ebenfo biel, menu nidjt metjr fiir Me 2Bif-fenfdjaft in unferm Sanbe getan all iljre ©egner. T)enn itjnen lag nidjt btol itjre ©emeinbefdjute am Bergen, fonbern fie fingen aucfi friifoeitig an fiir fjbtjere 5fn* ftalten 311 forgen, befonberl fiir foldje, in benen Setjrer unb ^rcbiger aulgeriiftet merben foltten. 3{)re suerft angetegten idnftaltcn fittb freitid) 311m Seit im 33e* frciutiglfriege untergegangen, 311111 Seil cngtifd) gemorben. SDer bcutfdje ©in* ftug auf bie fjbfjercn Stnftaltcn unfrel 2anbel fommt aber immer metjr unb metjr 311m 33orfdjeiit. £)ic beften 2(nftat* ten unfrel fiaitbel ftnb otjnc 3tt>eifet metdje nadj bcm beutfdjen Wuftcr geleitet merben; all eine foldje abcr jicfjt 3°^)n^ £>opfinl faft cinsigartig bo. 3” einem gemiffen ©inne fann man abcr aud). fageit, bafj bie UniberfitcitenWidjigan unb aud) 9Bi§confin fid) nad) bent beutfdjen Shifter rid)ten, meitigftenl ftitb in itjnen, mie audi nod) in anberen Unibcrfitdten ©puren non beutfdjem ©influg 311 liter* ten. DJicin ift atfo fdjtieglidj 311 ber Ubcr3eugung gcfominen, bag bie £>odj* fdjuten SDeMfdjtanbl bie beften 33orbitbcr ftnb fiir Me unfrel Canbel. Werfenlmcrt ift cl aud), bag fo biele bebcutenbe Scorer in uitfern Uniberfi* taten S)eutfdje ftnb, unb baft bie beutfdje ©pradjc iejjt immer metjr unb nteljr ge* trieben mirb. 2)ie brei bebcutenbften Wanner, bie im neuit3efjnteit ^atjrM111' bert at! bie erften Sermittter beutfdjer Wiffenfdjaft an attterifanifdjen ^tnftatten baftefjeu, ftnb: $arl gotten, Slarl 23eit unb ^ran3 fiieber, Don benen bie 3mei erften jcber eine ifkofeffur in §arbarb be* tteibet tjaben, unb grans fiieber eine in ber Uniberfttat Columbia in 9?em ?)orf. SDer beutfdje ©influg auf bie Wiffenfdjaft unfrel fianbel tann taunt iiberfdjagt

THE BLACK AND RED.

loerben. 3a bie beutfdjen ©djulen unb ©djriften baben bie ©nglifcb=2(merifaner fo beeinflugt, bag banner loie fjranflin fogar eine ©ermanifierung fiircbteten. 233ie ftd^ bie 2)eutfd)en fenêidjnen burd) ibre fiiebe 3ur SSMffenfdjaft, fo audj 3ur Slunft. 5Iug bem ©ebiete biefer, bie jn fo umfangreid) ift, greife id) nur bie 2Hufif berau§. 2Bir biirfen fagen, bag loie bie bcutfdje ôefte, fo aucb bie beut* fd)e DJhifif mit ung in bie neue SDBelt ein* geioanbert ift. tftod) baben loir bag 9D?a= nuflript, in bag Jletpiug im 5tnfang beg ad)t3ef)nten 3abrt)unbertg mit 3iertidjer .$anb bie felbft fomponierten tDtelobieen 3U fcincn geiftlidjen fiiebern eingetragen bat. ©pater loaren eg befonberg bie .§errnf)uter, bie in ibren tftieberlatfungen ber 3Rufif 311 fird)lid)en 3êden loie atg Hunft eifrigc ^Pftege loibmeten. 2)ie gebitbetcn Gintoanberer ber breigiger 3af)re bradjten bann bie ©efangoereine mit fid) unb bie ©angcrfefte, bie, loie bie ©djiigcnfefte, aug bem S3otf entftanben, bamalg in ber §eimat bie beutfdje ©ins beit oorbereiten balfcn. Unb ioeid)e 2[Girs tungen gerabe Don bicfen loeitoerbreiteten ©dngerfeften auggcgangen fmb, Idgt fid) in loenigen Shorten nid)t fagen. 3n bie fira ue 9ttid)ternf)eit beg ameritanifdjen Sebeng bat bie Dftufifpflege ber 2eut= fcben, befonberg bag beutfdbe £ieb, erft erquidenben ©onnenfdjein geioorfen. Sgren eigentlicbcn ©iegeg3ug aber trat bie beutfdic 9J?ufif am ©nbe ber fiinf3iger Sabre an, alg 5lart 5tnfd)ug, gteicf) be* bcutenb atg 2irigent unb Sebrer,’ nad) 5?cio Jjort iiberfiebette. ©in babnbredjen-ber $ionier, bat er bag 23erbienft, bie beutfcbe Dper in 9Imerifa eingefiibrt unb bier bieêrfte 23orftelIung Oon SBagnerg „2annbaufer" gegeben 3U baben. 3n fei* nen ©puren folgten bann, um nur bie bebeutcnbften banner 3U nennen, 2beo* bor 2t)omag, Seopotb SDamrofd) unb 5tns ton ©eibel. SDem ©influg biefer 9flans ner unb bem SSirfen ber unge3abtten

110

©(bar beutfdjer Sftufifet ift eg 3U oerban* ten, loenn bcu^c 5tmeri!a 3U ben muftfs pflegenben fianbern 3ablt. SDiefe Siebe ber 2)eutfd)en 3ur 2ftufd loie aud) 3ur SOBiffenfcâft batte ibren Ur? fprung ioobt urfpriinglicb in ibrem ©taubengteben. 2)ie SDeutfdên fmb oon jeber ein febr retigiofeg 33otf getoefen. SSiele êutfib^merifaner finb gerabe loegen ber tftetigiongbebriidung in ibrem S3atertanbe auggeioanbert, unb eg ift ba* ber nur natiirlicb, bag fie ftdj bier, loo iiberalt tRetigiongfreibeit berrfdjt, befon* berg um bie 5?ircf)e bemiiben foltten. ©etbftoerftdnblid) loaren bie meiften ©inioanberer tproteftanten, unb atg fotd)e baben fie in nid^t geringem 9ftage bag re-Iigiofe fieben beg fianbeg beeinftugt. ©ie finb eg ja, bie bag reine SCBort ©otteg in biefcg loilbe fianb eingefiibrt baben, obne bag ein 23oIf friiber ober fpdter 3ugrunbe geben mug. Unb gerabe ber ©inftuf unfrer tutberifd)en Jlirdje, bie jegt eini ber 3abtrei(bften in unferm fianbe ift, er* ftredt fid) faft iiber bag gange Sanb. ©ie ift eg aucb, bie bie meiften tdnftrengungen niad)t fiir bie ©rridjtung Oon ©emeinbes fd)uten, unb fo aucb bag meifte ba3u bei* trdgt, bag bie reine beutfd)e Gutter* fpraege in biefem fianbe ertjalten bteibt. 5tug religidfen S3erbdttnijfen farm man eg aucb 3am 2eil erftaren, bag bie 5)eutfên anfangg feinen fo regen 91ns teil an ber $o!itif unfreg fianbeg nabmen atg etioa bie Srtanber. 3a eg ift eine Satfadje, bag tie ficb Oor ber SWitte beg acbt3ebnten 3abrbunêr^ am polittfdgcn fieben igrer neuen §eimat nur loenig bes teiligt baben. 2Bie liege fub aucb Oon ben S3erfoIgten unb Sebrudten, bie aug ibrem S3atertanbe fein potitifebeg @mps fiuben miibracbten, anbereg erloarten. 5tber loenngteicb bie Seutfcên feine be* fonberg grogen potitifeben i^«e©timmennbief05poIi6til ni^t un6ebeu« tenb beeinflugt.

2)enn m jeber ^rage,

Ill

THE BLACK AND RED.

in bet eB fid) um eine politifcpe 23effcrung miltigen 311 2Bafpington§ SaPnen- Unb panbelte, paben fte faft ftet§ ben 2fu§* maprenb fie bie entfcpeibenben ©cplacp* fdjtag gegeben, fo in bet ©Ilabenfrage, in ten gcminnen palfen, bemacpten bie 3Us! bet Stage bc§ gefunben ©elbe§ unb bet* tiidgebliebenen bie @ren3gebiete im 233e* gleidjen inept. 2Bie fepr fie bie ipolitif ften gegen feinblkpe ©infalle Don ©ng* beeinfluftt paben, gept aud) batau§ pet* Ianbern unb Snânern* ©benfo im Dot, baft man einft einen SSotfdjlag ge* 23iirgerftiege. Eaum mat et erflart, fo macpt pat, ben SDeutfdjen ba§ ©timm= ftetTten fid) bie SDeutfd)en aa^tteicf) bei ted)t gu entsiepen, meil fie in fo grofter ben Sapn™ ein; benn fie fatten fcpon 3apl am ©timmfaften etfcpienen unb bie Iange bie ©djmadj bet ©IlaDerei ungern SBapIen entfcpieben. 3a> man Pnt bie gebutbet. 3a fdjon bie erften $lnfiebler ©tfaprung mad)en miiffen, baft fief) bie fatten fiinf 3ap*e nad) iprer ©inmanbe* beutfepen bei bet 2BapI burcp feine 2IgU rung einen Jproteft gegen bie fftegcrflla* tation beeinftuffen Iaffen, fonbetn baft Derei" eingefanbt. fie immet fo maplen, mie e§ ipnen am Hberblirft man nun ben ©influft, ben beften 3U fein fcpeint. Ubetpaupt paben bie Tieutfdjcn auf ba§ Ceben unb Sreiben fie, moimmer fie in bie Ipolitit einejegtif^ in ben 33ereinigten ©taaten auSgeiibt fen paben, ©emiffenpaftigfeit unb ©pr^ paben, fo muft man befennen, baft fie lidjfeit bemiefen, benn fie tteiben bie '$0= unfetin Sanbe maprlid) 311m ©egen ge* Iiti! niept al§ ein ©efdjaft. teid)en. 23ie Detfcf)tt ift e§ baper, baft SDamit, baft man fagt, baft fidj bie ficp fo Dietc Don unS ©eutfdjen iftre§ SDeutfdjen nidjt allju fept an bet ôliti! SDeutfdjtum§ feftamen, unb fid) bcmiiften beteiligt paben, ift nodj teine§mcg§ be* fiit ©nglifd)41merifaner gepatten 3U miefen, baft fie feine guten Spatrioten fmb. merben. §aben loir nid)t Dielmepr alien SDenn menn man Don itgenb einem S3oIIe ©tunb auf unfet 3)eutfd)tum ftol3 311 in ben 23ereinigtcn ©taaten fagen tann, fein? SDatum folltcn mir un3 alleseit be* baft ipnen ba§ 2BopI ipte§ 2anbe§ am miipen, ba§ S)eutf<ptum pier nad) alien Set3en Iicgt, fo muft man e§ Don ben Hraften 311 forbern. 2Bie Jbnnen mir SDeutfcpen fagen. 9iicpt nut forgen fie ba§ abet beffer tun, al§ menu loir bie ftet§ fur bie ftebung unb SBeffetung unfe* beutfd)samerifanifd)c gugenb butd) ben teS $QoIIe§, fie treten aud) iiberall fiit beutfepen Unterrid)t bapinbringen, baft feinen ©epuft ein. UluiSgcmanbert megen fie ipr fdjoneS ©rbgut fd)fiften Iernt unb bet Untetbriidung ipret f^reipeit im 23a* ftp butd) nicptS bciuegcn Iiiftt, bie perrterlanber> fcpaftten. fie biefe pier um fo Iicpe 5J?utterfprad)e fapten 311 Iaffen. $>ie§ pober, mie fie ba§ im 23efteiunggltiege ge^ ift aud) mit eine ber podfften Stufgaben 3«igt paben. 2Iu§ alien beutfepen 21ns unfter ^(nftalt pier. fDibge fie baper fieblungcn Don ©eorgia bi§ 3um 5Jto- fortfapren, biefe§ 3iel ftet§ im 5Iuge 3U pamftal in 3êm ?)orf ftrbmten bie Srfis bcpalten unb Dielen 311m ©egen gereiepen.

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THE BLACK AND RED Published Mosthly by the Students «E the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, Ml BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEFPE, 'II PAUL FROEHLKE, '12

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, MI HENRY HEISE, MI WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, M 1 WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. AH itorary matter should be addressed to the Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify us If you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red Ib forwarded to all subscribers until order for Its discontinuation is received and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at tho Postofflco of Watertown, WIs., as second-class matter.

ephtomiim, Again a new school year has opened at Northwestern. Let us hope that it will be a year of pros perity, progress and peace for our school. An enrollment of over fifty new students certainly seems to in dicate that our college is growing. Two professors have left us and accepted calls elsewhere. The loss of Prof. Moussa will be a severe one to the boys and to athletics. Prof. Moussa took an active interest in the athletic pursuits of the students and was the Faculty Athletic Director for the last year and a half. It is to be -wished that this new school year may also be a prosper-

oils year for the Black and Red, which is the organ of our college, and whose sole aim is to further our institution. BOOST DON’T KNOCK DON’T TALK -

WORK

The Advantages of Our Military Company. It is a well known fact that exer cise is of the greatest importance to everyone, and especially to stu dents. The lack of a suitable gym nasium is one of the few disadvan tages of our school. We must there-

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to present themselves and for oftmooted questions to reappear. A question which will present itself to an observant student is, Who shall have the right of suffrage, who shall vote for persons who will transact student body business? The difficulty is with the newly entered students. They cannot know the candidates sufficiently. One will vote as the next one does. Yes, they often ask whom they shall vote for. Such was the personal predica ment of the writer, who held the right of voting, at that time, not as a privilege, but as an onerous obli gation. Then, too, not knowing the importance of the office, the new student is apt to vote according to his personal feelings and prejudices, entirely disregarding the welfare of • the student body and of the various organizations. Such indiscriminate voters can often be won by a smile for an incapable man. Everywhere else previous resi dence of a certain length of time is required of one who would vote. Why should not in this respect also college life be a training for prac tical life? We* should advocate then that a voter must be a bona fide student of at least three months’ (one term) standing, thus giving everybody the opportunity to study the impor A Question on Student Body tance of the various offices and du Government. ties, and of selecting according to his The beginning of a new school judgment, formed by acquaintance, year is the time for new difficulties the best man or candidate.

fore see how we can get our exer cise without a gymnasium and here our military company offers a splen did opportunity. In the first place, it helps us to become straight in body. Walking straight gives our lungs and chest a chance to expand, and makes our bodies healthy and able to withstand diseases. It is also an honor to the college to have its students walk erect and not stoop-shouldered, as many students are pictured. Then our whole body is exercised, and not one part only, as in some of our games. The more muscles we are able to use, the more graceful we become, and here all muscles are brought into play. If we had more members we could have an officer to drill us, and this would help us much. In the wri ter’s home town there is a college which the United States government has placed among the ten leading military colleges in the country, and this advertises the college probably more than any other advantage it has to offer. So let as many as possible join our company and help to “boost” Northwestern.

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COLLEGES 3TO1ES Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Dr. Ott On the evening of Commencement day last June another celebration of importance look place. Dr. Ott, who had graduated 25 years before and immediately accepted a call to this institution, was agreeably surprised by a large number of his classmates and other alumni. A committee had arranged a short service, which was held in our chapel. Rev. Bergemann ‘ delivering the sermon. Dr. Ott re ceived several presents. All present then enjoyed a sociable evening dur ing which many interesting speeches were delivered.

Important Board Meeting. The board of trustees met in an important session Sept. 14 and 15 and elected two professors to suc ceed Prof. Moussa and Dr. Wente, namely Dr. Abbctmeycr of Concord ia College, St. Paul, Minn., and Rev. Hutli of Hustisford, Wis. Further more it was decided to build a new residence for one of the professors. Work on this building will begin as soon as possible. A committee was likewise appointed to apply to the legislature for permission to change the name “Northwestern Univer sity” to “Northwestern College.” This is beyond doubt the best change practicable under the cir cumstances, as it preserves at least the “Northwestern,” so dear to the alumni as well as students.

Note. Mr. Sigmund Probst and Mr. Al exander Sitz, both members of the class of ’09, arrived from the Semi nary on Monday, Sept. 18, to fill the vacancies left by Prof. Moussa and Dr. Wcntc. After some changes had been made in the schedule they were assigned to the work in the lower classes.

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Lightning Does Damage. Shortly before midnight, Sept. 11, the halls of our dormitory resound ed with a mighty crash that brought many of the boys from their beds. Members of the fire brigade immedi ately scattered through the build ing in search of a possible blaze. Luckily there were no traces of fire to be seen. It was not until the next morning, however, that it was discovered where the bolt had struck. It struck the 75-foot flag pole, splintering it to the place where the wire guy ropes were at tached. Following one of these it struck the old dormitory and went along a rain pipe into the ground, doing no further damage besides burning out the electric wiring and plunging the building into darkness. This is the third time that lightnmg lias struck one of our buildings. In 1894 a bolt struck the flag pole on the old recitation hall, caus ing a fire that totally destroyed the building. In 1897 the flag pole of

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the present recitation hall was struck while a large number of peo ple within were celebrating Dr. Notz’s 25th anniversary. No great damage resulted, however. The present flag pole, which stands independent of any building, is splintered to such an extent that at least the upper part will have to be cut off.

Class of ’14. President........ O. Kehrberg Vice-President ... W. Beitz Secretary-Treasurer. ,.M. Kowalskc Band. President........ . L. Mahnkc Vice-President C. Kluender Secretary-Treasurer... .PI. Pankow Librarian P. Kleinhammer Orchestra.

Election of Officers. Shortly before the close of school in June the officers of the various classes and organizations were elect ed. They are as follows: Class of ’ll. A. Werner President Vice-President___F. W. Schweppe A. Berg Secretary-Treasurer Class of T2. L. Mahnke President........ ...J. Masch Vice-President Secretary-Treasurer---- W. Pankow

C. Kluender President.................. Vice-President........ ...G. Schlei Secretary-Treasurer ...A. Hankc .......... W. Keibel Librarian.......... Chorus. President.................. Vice-President......... Secretary-Treasurer Librarian..................

Military Company. President........ Vice-President Secretary........ Treasurer........

Class of T3. i

President................. Vice-President........ Secretary-Treasurer

W. Hartwig ... F. Meyer ... E. Martin

___ A. Berg C. Kluender ,... E. Reim . .W. Keibel

..A. Ilankc . .W. Beitz P. Froehlkc

... J. Masch

Tennis Club. President.................. Vice-President........ Secretary-Treasurer

E. Quandt . ..F. Reicr .O. Toepel

PE MEMOS ©MOTBOS Forest Fires in the United States. A problem of great importance which our government has to deal with in connection with the subject of conservation is, how can our for-

est reserves be protected from those terrible conflagrations which yearly devastate great tracts of forest land? Recently distressing and appall ing reports from Montana’ and Ida-

THE BLACK AND RED. ho have told ns of the many deaths, the destruction of homes and the large financial loss caused by such fires. These great losses, which yearly amount to millions, show how much we are in need of better su pervision of forests. Great changes for the better have been made for the last few years through the ex cellent work of Mr. Gifford Pinchot. This work, however, must be very much extended so as to make forest fires a thing of the past. Mr. Graves, the United States Forester, reports that the national forests arc under manned, and lie says that in some ’cases one man has the responsibil ity of protecting over a hundred thousand acres, whereas it ought to be twenty-five thousand acres for each man. In Prussia, where one finds the best forest service, there is one guard for each seventeen hun dred acres.

Mark Twain By the death of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known as Mark Twain, the whole reading world has lost a rare and unique humorist. Perhaps no other man has given so much innocent enter tainment to old and young as Mark Twain. In some of his best and most permanent works, such as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, he relates the experience of his boyhood days, spent in Mis souri and on the Mississippi. His famous pseudonym also was a rem iniscence of his early days as a

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river pilot, One day, while considering what pen-name he should adopt, he heard a negro with a plumb line, ring out, “By the mark twain” (i.e., two fathoms depth) and he at once decided to adopt it as his nom-de-plume. Although Mr. Clemens was pop ularly known as a humorist, he had a thoroughly serious side to his character, as has been shown by his discussion of political questions. Me wrote a very scathing satire on the Congo tyranny, “King Leo pold’s Soliloquy.’’ That he had his serious side would be evident, were there no other proof, from the fact that Carlyle’s “French Revolution” was his favorite book—the book he asked for on his death-bed. That Mark Twain was a man of fairness, truth, and generosity can be seen from the fact, that when the publishing concern of Charles L. Webster and Company failed in 1894. he as a partner voluntarily bore for years the burden of finan cial liability incurred in his name. Like Walter Scott, he refused to ac cept the legal benefits of bankruptcy. By his pen and by means of a lecture tour around the world, he re-established his own fortune and more than cleared his commercial honor. Thousands will remember him not only as a writer, but as an individual of lovable character and genial camaraderie.

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intoxicated with her fortunes, has now undertaken to do, and hopes in time to place her throne in Rome.” Prof. W. C. Herrmann, Luther But when these hopes were shatter ed at Actium by the victory of the Institute, Chicago. Roman arms, Horace again takes up “The Roman (Continued from May Number) his lyre and sings: arms have regained their glory. She Roman Army. has been conquered! Caesar has so Romulus the founder of Rome totally overcome her that she pre was also a great warrior, In this ferred death to being carried off in manner Roman arms are associated haughty triumph. Yet what can be We are ashamed of ouf with Roman history from the very done? beginning of Rome’s existence. The brethren whom we have killed in Roman army also remained a verj' civil war and have harmed them. important factor all through Ro Let us forget the past shame and re man history; for it was by means pair it by future deeds.” of the army that Rome expanded. ROMAN PROVINCIAL POS It can also be stated that up to the SESSIONS. end of the first half of the last cen tury B. C., Rome could look with EAST. pride upon her achievements in In the East there was a power wars. The Roman soldiers bore the Roman arms from victory to vic that had been face to face with the tory. Rome, once an insignificant Romans at various times. These spot on the Tiber, had expanded by were the Parthians. In 62 B. C. means of her army to a territory of they had met with the Romans, and enormous dimensions. But when in 53 B. C. they had defeated the Rome’s sons began to turn the arms Roman forces under Crassus at upon themselves in civil war, her Carrhae and had carried off the glory began to fade away at an ex standards of the Roman legions. In ceedingly rapid pace. How far the 42 B. C. at Philippi, they had fought glory and name of Rome had sunk, side by side with the Roman le Their Horace points out in a notable man gions of the “liberatores.” ner by the example of Cleopatra. invasions of Asia Minor in 40 B. C. He knows of nothing more infa and their encounters with Antony mous and shameful to Rome than in 36 B. C. were well known to the All this taken together the fact that a woman, with a con Romans. taminated gang of creatures, could had created a genuine fear in the conceive the idea of subverting the hearts of the Romans for Parthian Roman empire. “What the great power. Everybody in Rome seem est geniuses of the battlefield have ed to feel that the day might not failed to accomplish a mere woman, be far distant when this warlike

Gleanings of Roman History from the Odes of Horace.

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THE BLACK AND RED. people, especially strong in cavalry, should challenge Roman supremacy. The situation of Rome in the East had become rather doubtful at var ious intervals so that there would probably be no severe resistance if ever the Parthians undertook to in vade Rome. Horace gives vent to such fear of the Parthians and re peatedly refers to this people and encourages the Roman youths to train and steel their muscles against the Parthians. Again, Horace can not forget the disgrace and shame resting on Rome so long as the standards are not recovered.—The Parthian cavalry especially was a terror to Rome. Therefore Horace entreats the Roman youths saying, “Let them expose themselves to pinching want, let them lead a life in the open air and familiar with danger instead of reposing on pil lows and frequenting the houses of lust. For it is sweet and glorious to die for one’s country.” However, when Octavius visited the East in 30 I». C., Phraatcs IV. sued for Roman friendship, but the standards were not handed over. By the year 20 B. C. Roman authority was so well established in the East that a mere appearance of Augustus in Asia Minor was sufficient to in duce Phraates to restore the lost standards and to solicit Roman friendship for the future. Hence forth the Roman public was no longer alarmed about the possible designs of the Parthians. Rome in the East had established her power to the Euphrates without any new conquest under Augustus up to this period. SOUTH. We can easily picture to our im-

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agination how the Roman world was startled at the announcement that Cleopatra had been proclaimed “queen of the kings,” and that An tony was making a common cause with her against Octavius. What a message of joy must the victory of Octavius at Actium have been to every Roman ear and heart? If Horace can be looked upon as one who gives us the sentiments of the Roman public, certainly, the cup of joy was full to the very brim. (Nunc cst bibendum, etc.) Octavius followed up his victory the next spring (30 B. C.) and took Alexan dria, but the proud princess whom he had destined to be the choicest ornament of his triumph eluded his grasp and saved herself by death. Egypt, the splendid inheritance of the Ptolemies, was formally an nexed to Roman dominions. Rome’s power was established in the South. —It is certain that the influence of Roman power went far beyond Egypt in Africa; for in 20 B. C. on Samos, an embassy of Ethiopia ap peared before Augustus (of Monumentum Ancyranum, 108). On Jan. 11, 29 B. C., Octavius celebrates a triumph for three days, and the temple of Janus is closed. To this event Horace refers in grateful terms and marks it as a period in Roman warfare of his time. Other wise Horace has very few allusions to Roman affairs in Egypt. WEST. The western boundary of the Ro man dominion had been reorganized as early as 28 B. C. by Salvisius Sabinus, of whom it is said that in this year he: “Ex Hispania triumphavit.” The mountain tribes in the

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northwestern part of Spain had been Horace sings the praise of the two pacified by 25 B. C., and the hold Neros in a similar strain: “O Rome, of Rome on the Atlantic seaboard what do you owe to the Neros? The was strengthened by the formation river Metaurus is the witness, where of the province of Lusitania. Augus the defeated Hasdrubal fell and the tus himself led a campaign against darkness was dispelled from Italy. the Cantabrians and Astures along How terrible were the times of war, the northern coast, whence he re when the African Hannibal rode turned to Rome in 24 B. C. on ac through the Latin cities like a fire count of ill health. Augustus had through the pitchy pines, carrying not subdued these tribes, but his before him fear and terror and leav generals carried on the war against ing behind him destruction and But when Hasdrubal fell, them after this with some success; ruins. however, they made no permanent that was the day on which Italy was conquests. Horace rejoices over the saved.” By whom? It was Nero return of Augustus all the more, be with his 7,000 that gained the day. cause a rumor apparently had been In the North the Raeti and Vindespread in Rome that Caesar had lici were conquered by Drusus and purchased a victory in Spain with Tiberius in the year 15 B. C. To the penalty of death. Great prepara them were added Noricum (P. Sib tions were made at Rome for Aug ils') 15 or 16 B. C.. Pannonia 10 A. ustus’s reception, but he declined a D., and Mocsia 6 A. D. Drusus had triumph, because he had not fully reached the Elbe 9 A. D. After he overcome the enemy. Yet Horace died, Tiberius carried on the con encourages a universal demonstra quest. The work of pacification tion of joy at Rome over the return gradually went on until it was of Caesar. brought to an abrupt end by the de feat of Varus 9 A. D. NORTH. Augustus, already failing in The greatest task was in the health and strength, had not the northern territory. So far the policy heart to renew the war and with of Augustus could hardly be called drew the boundary behind the one of expansion or conquest, It Rhine. So the final frontier bound had merely been a work of reorgani ary to the north were the Danube zation. But to the north it was the and the Rhine.—Roman arms had question of a permanent boundary. made, one might say, a complete The natural boundary would be the circle around the Mediterranean and Danube and the Rhine, or possibly had instituted Roman government. the Elbe ; Aquitania, Lugduensisand There remains one more brief re Belgica, the three Gauls, had been mark in regard to other peoples reorganized by Augustus, 27 B. C. mentioned by Horace as being con The remaining territory as far as quered. In making a complete cata the Danube and the Rhine or Elbe, logue of them all, one would find was the field on which Drusus and difficulty in locating many of them. Tiberius Nero should gain their Hence, we can pass over them with They began their work a general remark that these tribes laurels. about 16 B. C., with them Agrippa and peoples certainly were not con also led campaigns in the North. quered. He can mean no more than

THE BLACK AND RED. this that they were not in a state of hostility against Rome at this time. He speaks of Britains as Roman subjects, yet it is true that Augustus never made an attempt to cross the Channel. Evidently there was an ardent desire to conquer Britain, and Horace speaks of future proba bilities as having come to pass, mans cannot be taken verbatim. Horace sees that all the former enemies of Rome are peaceful to ward Rome, and he honors Augus tus, the valiant leader, as a victor of them all. Roman Religion. The Romans from the beginning were a conservative people in reli gion. Although they were tolerant toward new cults in later years, so long as these did not interfere with the state and society, yet in many respects they remained conserva tive. But like everything else, reli gion also had taken a downward path in Rome. In the writings of Cicero we read that the fear of the gods had vanished to a great degree. We have clear evidence that condi tions grew worse in subsequent years. Horace brings that out in a very striking manner: “You shall atone, O Romans, for the sins of your ancestors till you shall have repaired the temples and tottering shrines of the gods, and their statues defiled with sooty smoke. The gods, because neglected, have inflicted many evils on calamitous Italy.” He therefore begs his con temporaries to remember: “You hold sway, because you bear your self subordinate to the gods. Refer every undertaking and every event to this source.” The temples and statues in Rome

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bear sufficient witness how men of high rank and men of low estate had been concerned about the favor of the gods; and according to the Roman view of events, no people had ever enjoyed greater favors of the gods. But having been ne glected the gods now seek vengeance. For Rome terrible afflictions have been the consequence of such ne glect. Shameful defeats have re sulted from it. Rome herself en dangered ; for Rome will stand and fall with her gods.—Augustus also took up the work of reform in Ro man religion throughout the empire, erecting no fewer than eighty-two temples. Roman Family. The disobedience against the gods would naturally bear evil fruits in the Roman family life. If the gods no longer were regarded sacred, if the household gods stood as mere ornaments or relics in the Roman house, it was quite natural that selfrespect and respect toward others would be a rare article in the course of time. And so it was in Rome. We may add here that the in fluence of Greek culture and the large number of slave servants also did their share in destroying the Roman family life. When the father no longer was the teacher and trainer of his son, when the mother no longer taught her daughter the art of Roman housekeeping, when both parents and children had ample leisure, because the work was being done by slaves, the real charm and unity of the family was gone, the mighty pillar of the state had fallen. Horace intimates this by saying, “But not the sons of such parents were they that stained the sea with Carthaginian gore.

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Such were not the sons that made Rome powerful.” But corruption did not stop here. Not only did the rich that had ac quired wealth build costly houses and lead a luxurious life, but they also became morally rotten. Gold is powerful alike with the rich and with the poor. Men fall and women are made to fall by the glittering gold. Married estate was no longer held sacred; divorce and adultery Likewise his reference to the Gerwere common among the rich and the poor. Rome had become a very sink of pollution and filthy crime. What Horace has to say about this is plain enough: “The barbarians live in a better manner. There the guiltless wife spares her motherless stepchildren, neither does the pro portioned spouse govern her hus band nor put any confidence in the sleek adulterer. Their dower is the high virtue of their parents—,and it is forbidden to sin, or the reward is death. Or if any one be desirous to be written ‘Father of the State’ on statues, let him dare to curb in superable licentiousness.” It is agreeable to hear that a marked change was effected in the years following and that the inviol ableness of the married estate was instituted again in Rome. The laws that Augustus had passed and the severe punishment inflicted for these crimes, wrought a remarkable re formation, so that Horace lived to see the time when he could say in a grateful tone: “The chaste family is polluted by no adulteries, moral ity and the law have got the better of the crime. The childbearing mothers are commended for their offspring resembling their father,

and punishment presses as a com panion upon guilt.” Roman Social Life. The average Roman had ample leisure and hence he could give him self up to pleasures. This he cer tainly did. Many also were rich and had a strong desire to demonstrate it. “Parks and great buildings will soon take up all the ground,” Hor ace says. “Large amounts are ex pended for marble pillars and elab orate columns which only cause envy and false ambition.” Expen sive dishes were imported and sumptuous dinners given.—“After all, the Romans were greatest when they lived in simplicity, when pov erty was the common lot of all. Then there was self sacrifice for the state. To serve the state best, was the one great ideal of every Roman! If the Romans could be that once more, Rome would be truly great.”

Alumni Notes Ii. Grewe, Normal ’85, New Prague, Minn., looked at the school for the first time since he was grad uated. Owing to ill health he was compelled to give up teaching and take up farming. Rev. O. Hoenecke, ’90, has been elected Director of the Pro-gymna sium at Saginaw, Mich. School there opened on the 13th instant, the enrollment being five. Harry W. Knautz, Academy ’83’86, called on friends recently. At present he belongs to the firm of E. W. Bredemeier & Co., 345 W. Michigan street, Chicago, who are

THE BLACK AND RED. engaged in printing and binding. K. was in his day captain of athletics; years ago he presented some speci mens to our collection in natural his tory, among which are the blue racer and the rattlesnake pilot. Rev. Meibohm, ’96, Crowley, La., spent a few hours with friends here recently. He is still engaged in mis sionary work, about which he is en thusiastic. and he is as lonely as he was in ’96, which doesn’t seem to bother him.

Colledt Fund for New Gymnasium The Gymnasium Building Fund Committee of Milwaukee, composed exclusively of former students, which has undertaken the gathering of the necessary funds for construct ing of a new gymnasium, has been actively engaged in its patriotic task during the last few months. Every former student, irrespective of the length of his stay at Watertown, has been informed of this one dire need of our institution and an appeal has been directed to him to come to the aid of his alma mater, and liberally contribute to the building fund. Responses received from the old grads, now residing in divers parts of the country, have fully met the anticipations of the committee. Sums ranging from ten dollars up ward were subscribed, several dona tions being made from quarters previously not considered. Owing to the lack of space but a

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partial list of contributors can here with be given. Further donations will be published in the next issue of this monthly. The following “Old Boys” have been placed upon the Roll of Honor: Loe Lampert, Minneapolis $500.00 A. Kroner, LaCrosse 25.00 A. H. Vogel, Milwaukee 500.00 Oscar Griebling, Milwaukee 25.00 AugustC. Bendler, Milwaukee 25.00 100.00 J. Fathsfpfer, Chicago Otto H. Falk, Milwaukee 100.00 25.00 T. J. Thieme, Ft. Wayne 25.00 Ernst Zutz, Norfolk, Neb. G.^auschild, Seattle, Wash. 10.00 25.00 Dr. Franz Pieper, St. Louis J. T. Nieghom, U. S. Navy 15.00 Rev. Martin, Stanton, Nebr. 10.00 Henry Dovenmuehle, Chicago 50.00 10.00 Henry Mueller, Baraboo 200.00 George Zeisler, LaCrosse 10.00 A. Spiering, New London 10.00 F. C. Relien, Hortonville 10.00 Paul Guenther, Milwaukee Arnold Schultz, N. Milwaukee 10.00 Edward Fredrick, Helenville 10.00 10.00 G. A. Ernst, Green Bay Win. Rickemeyer, Milwaukee 10.00 J. W. Dammann, Milwaukee 10.00 Jno. F. Lochner, Milwaukee 15.00 Ernst von Briesen, Milwaukee 15.00 50.00 H. von Rohr, Milwaukee 50.00 G. R. Ernst, Milwaukee 25.00 E. H. Karrer, Milwaukee Theo. Hoffmann, Milwaukee 25.00 Albert Dammann, Milwaukee 25.00 Emil Winter, Petersburg, Neb. 10.00

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ATHLETECS With the advent of autumn comes football players are contending, we football, the ideal college game, for have but to mention F. Schweppe, a share of our attention. On Sep Hartwig, Mascli, Wietzke, Ruege, tember 1st, two days after arriving Bruns and C. Martin—nothing defi at college, Captain Berg appeared nite can be said. Suffice to say that on the campus with his squad and Captain Berg will give all of the as sent them through a series of stunts pirants a fair chance, and the best that were calculated to counteract men will get the positions. A good the effect of St. Nicotine’s fumes. second team has also been organ Since then regular training has been ized, of which Masch was elected continued. A number of members captain. Manager Schlei has used of last year’s team have returned. his best endeavors to arrange a good Hanke, Rcinemann and Zibell, the schedule. Following is the schedule center trio, were seen on the field as far as completed: October 8—Ripon at Watertown. clad in football armor. Mahnke, October 29—Oshkosh Normal at star tackle of last year’s team, will play right halfback. Koch will un Oshkosh. November 12—Lawrence at Ap doubtedly play end, and Captain Berg will occupy the fullback’s po pleton. November 24—Carroll at Watersition. Regarding the other posi tions, for which a number of able town.

Our table, filled with exceedingly concise view of the different articles well put-up commencement num and columns as we understand them, bers, is a comely sight and one in at the same time trying to advise voluntarily wishes June would come and help. We expect like treatment oftener than once a year. But we from all exchanges. shall revel in present joys as long as We welcome with pleasure The possible and wish all exchanges even Columbiad from Portland, Ore. Its more success in the following num outward appearance already im bers than they have had this time. presses one favorably. “The Crim Let us again state that this column inality of Iago,” a prize essay, is is not to show our superiority over very interestingly written. Iago. other papers; nor shall it be our in the villain in “Othello,” is clearly tention to criticize as many papers proved a criminal of the deepest dye as possible, dashing off a common by the author, although in a slightly place word of praise here and of sar bombastic style. We sorely missed castic contempt there. We shall, on an editorial column and also the ex the contrary, try to give a clear and change department, but this fault is

THE BLACK AND RED. easily remedied. The 1910 class pro phecy is indeed unique, as almost everything is so extremely improb able. College Chips is one of the best and most interesting papers on our table. The June number contains two excellent articles, “Rome” and “Child Labor.” The former vividly develops the wonderful lasting qual ities of the ancient metropolis. We only object to the insinuation in the last sentence, namely, that we “now” look up with “reverent awe” to this city, as worthy of veneration as the “memory” of former Rome is. If but the enthusiasm of the speaker in the second essay could and would have its effect and child labor would be abolished forever! Wc do not ap prove of the column headed editori als, which contains but school notes. A heading must coincide with what it heads. The commencement number of the Leavitt Angelus has a strong liter ary department. “How to Live a Successful Life” is neatly carried out, though in no very great detail. Ambition, that is, a willingness to try, Health, Education, that is, the broadening of the mind in any man ner, and Character, are the four es sential principles of success. The remaining space is mainly filled by salutatory, valedictory, class pro phecy and history of the usual type. In answer to your query why we don’t criticize more papers, we shall

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state that we rather fill a page and “criticize” four or five papers than “mention” ten or twelve on a quar ter of a page! It seems a trifle queer that The Gates Index should give so very great prominence to the thought that every student, in bringing some new student, should seek to find those who are athletes. The two first editorials deal too generously with athletics and too sparingly with studies when they speak of new students. The article “Shakespeare as a Moral Teacher” is well written, but the joke in “Ancient Baseball” is about worn to shreds and de serves to be put on the shelf. The arrangement of material is good. The Lincolnian, another newcom er, was also well received at our table. The strong literary depart ment leaves little to wish for. The characterization of “Maggie Tulliver” out of “Mill on the Floss” at tracted our special attention. The author’s fluency and good style made it interesting reading. It seems to us, however, that his opinion of Maggie is almost as extravagantly in her favor as the anonymous critic in the introduction is against her. The whole characterization was per fectly and harmoniously condensed, however. Your exchange column contains no criticisms at all—the statement seems to contradict it self!

LOCALS

We are glad to hear that Prof. Frank, who has been laid up with an injured knee, is again able to resume his work. Malcolm Whyte, TO, was called upon to fill the vacancy,

Herbert Schaller, ’09, passed through Watertown Sept. 10 on his way to Juneau, Wis. His brother, Winfred Schaller, ’ll, accompanied him.

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The following students registered as visitors at this institution while en route to Wauwatosa: Otto Koch, ’09; Alex Sitz, ’09; Emanuel Frey, TO; Adolph Zuberbier, TO, and Wm. Limpert, TO. E. Techmer, Acc., shook hands with classmates and friends between trains Sept. 1 while on his way to Chicago-. He informed us that he will attend the Chicago Art Insti tute. G. Solveson, prep., and A. Muel ler, prep., were at their homes at Oconomowoc Sept. 3. Mr. J. Wagner, student at Con cordia College, Springfield, 111., vis ited with G. Schlei, ’ll, between trains Sept. 1. Ernst and Arthur Winter, Acc., spent Sept. 10 and 11 with their un cle, John Winter, at Ixonia. C. Uffenbeck enjoyed an auto ride to Portage in his friend J. Barker’s auto on Sept. 10. J. Krubsack, ’ll, visited with rela tives and friends at Lebanon on Sept. 10. Mr. G. Anderson of Van Dyne, Wis., called on A. Tacke, T2, and A. Koelpin, T3, Sept. 4. A. Press, prep., discontinued his studies at this institution Sept. 12. On Sunday, Sept. 11, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Seefeldt called on their son Herbert, prep. Ernst Quehl, T3, spent Sunday, Sept. 11, with his sister at Milwau kee. Mr. H. Gaebler, ’07, M. A., was seen in our midst Sept. 14. He has accepted a position as instructor in German at the State University of Washington, where George Hauschild, ’00, holds a similar position. E. Raasch discontinued his studies Sept. 14.

Paul Thym of Manchester discontinued his studies on account of illness Sept. 13. W. Thrun, a last year’s member of the class of T2, failed to put in an appearance this term, and we now find him a junior at the Univer sity of Michigan. We wish him success. Mr. Henry Seefeldt of Hustisford called on his nephew, Herbert See feldt, prep., Sept. 13. Dietrecht Vehrenkamp, prep., left for his home at Bangor, Wis., to attend the wedding of his sister. The Rev. J. G. Finck of Allenton, visited his son Emanuel, T2, Sept. 4. This institution received a call from the Rev. A. Bendlcr of Mil waukee Sept. 3. Some of our readers are probably curious to know what has become of Sergeant Henry Schroedcr. Well, he has returned to us from his home in Wabeno and has begun his work with a determined effort. Fritz Ernst, the boy from Bel gium, attended the summer session of the University of Wisconsin and will be with us till the new term opens there. He will then return to take his M. A. and also act as an instructor in the French language. The following students spent September 17 and IS at home: W. Parnkow, T2; A. Zibell, T3; F. Born, Acc.; W. Otto, prep.; Solveson, prep.; O. Huebner, prep., and C. Kiesling, prep. Mrs. D. Young of St. Louis, Mo., was a caller at the N. W. U. on Sept. 20. Mrs. Young was formerly Miss Anna Wolfgram of this city and also a student at the N. W. U. Miss Elsa Koehler and Miss Minnie Buchholz were visitors at the N. W. U. on Sept. 20.

—Back again! plenty of time when you are dead. —Football!! Smallie: That is a question, Dr. —Brown: Look at that green grass —Ou-hl: I smell cabbage, dinner burn! must be almost ready. Memo: Nonsense, don’t you see Tubby: I wonder if Brown would burn, too? Smallie smoking his pipe. —Prof.: Was fuer ein Sinn ist —Prof.: Why is F-sch-r absent to Schmccken? day? Little Hammer: Pie has a bad Nick: Schmecken ist ein Gefuehl. —Schuft: Can you help support the cold. band? Prof.: The stroke of lightning af fected him, did it? Schw-pp: Haven’t you backbone enough ? Cheese (gravely): Yes, it was a —Prof.: Analyze this sentence: The cold stroke. boat on the lake. —What do you think of a school girl so modest that she would not Sextaner (trying to repeat sen tence) : The boat on the lake was do improper fractions? swimming. —Fremder: Wie komme ich von hier am besten noch dem Ausstel—Prof.: What is Uncle Toni’s Cab in? lungsplatz ? Student (der sein Latein leuchten Sextaner: Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a nice poem. laeszt): Es geht ein Omnibus dorthin, wenn Sie hier wenige —Dr.: Schl-ps-ck, don’t try to sleep Minuten warten, werden Sie des in the classroom, you will have

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127

THE BLACK AND RED.

Omnibi ansichtlig werden, dann winken Sie dem Omiiibo, derselbe wird anhalten und Sie koennen den Omnibum besteigen. —Ex. —“The lips that touch liquor shall never touch mine.” So said a maiden with zest quite divine.

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•I :

Then responded the man with wickedest glee, “The maidens that kiss poodles shall never kiss me.” —Clipped. —Prof.: Well, we’ll meet again in 1950. Class: Why ? R-ck-f: For the dedication of our new gymnasium.

1 IB

©K„ E, J„ EHOIUMM® DENTIST ’PHONE NO. 258

106 FIRST STREET

Always a Complete Line of r

Groceries

SHIRTS On and off like a coat. In fast colors and ex clusive styles. Si.50 up.

jaedecke“& grams 611-613 Main Street

CLUETT, PEABODY & CO., Makers

F. W. KURZWEG Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies, REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm Watertown, WIs,

F. J. KOSER

BAKER “THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD’

Telephona 272-X

DEALER IN

Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street FOR THE BEST PHOTOS

Moll’s Ground Floor Studio 312 Main Street REMEMBER qualify remains after price is forgotten.

GLAUS & JAEGER

111 S. Second St.

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : :

PRINTERS

' !•

OF THIS PUBLICATION

Watertown

Wisconsin

OFFICE HOURS:

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M.

LOMS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON 31S Main Street Above Brennecke's Drug Store

Residence 809 Main Street

XZ1

Watertown, Wisconsin

Telephone 144 ■

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS !

AND SATISFACTORY

i ■

Photos

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF TIIE

NEW EAST END BARBER SHOP QORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Wisconsin

Watertown,

GO TO

Watertown Photo Go. ? DONNER GALLERY

Special Rates made to Students

SCHLCETER BeOS. MERCHANT lOo. CIGAR and ARC 5c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

Watertown, Wta

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, Wis.

Chas. J. SalicK

Jewelers and Opticians Special attention given to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses ,__ ~

Stationery, Foot Ball and Sporting Goods 1 and 3 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

Makers of

Fine Athletic amt sporting Goods special discounts to schools and colleges WRITE for catalog

TRADE with

Schempf the Druggist ••He Treats You Right”

BAUMAN'S Pure Sugar Home Candies CHOCOLATES and BITTER SWEETS

H<s® (CiFoaMg StradliKSi) saiadl S@d!ii§ —OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

“Spaldings”

BASE BALL GOODS

always were and always will be, the

“Standard of the World”

Our Popular College Song Old Northwestern NOW ON SALE AT THE COLLEGE STATIONERY SEND MAIL ORDERS TO

Otto T. Ernst, 25 7th St., Milwaukee, Wis.

PRICE 15c, BY MAIL 17c.

HERRO & SON Dealers in

FRUITS, CANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS

In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that. We carry a full line at all times.

BANK OF WATERTOWN

WM, G, PRITZLAFF&GO.

CAPITAL S150.0O0.

210 Main Street.

Watertown, Wis.

■

They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them.

v !

Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. F. Brandt & Son Co. Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

DURANT’S 11

HOME MADE CANDIES

ii]

•:

1 ; I

; ;

l I

CHOCOLATE CREAMS BITTER SWEETS CARAMEL NUT CREAMS

Ice Cream and Sodas ORDERS DELIVERED PROMPTLY TELEPHONE 39-Y

105 MAIN ST.

1 I

THERE’S NOT A MAN IN TOWN interested in good clothes who won't be interested in examining these new arrivals from

HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX You’ll find pleasure in looking at them; more pleasure in wearing them; there will be pleasure to us in both. The new shape-maker model—the latest words in clothes perfection is an exclusive HART, SCHAFF NER & MARX design. New colors are in Grey, Browns and Tans. Young Men's Styles a special feature. SUITS $20.00 TO $25.00

HERTEL 8t HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET ; !' WE ARE AGENTS FOR

KODAKS,

Steam Heat

Bath

Electric Light

FILMS

and all Photo Supplies

Washington House H. W. KR0NITZ, Prop.

I Watertown, Wi«.

New Method Laundry

Phone No. 400

EBERLE’S DRUG STORE 204 Main St.

218 First Street

“THE JUNIATA” JOS.

Carry a full line of

TOBACCO

AND

Wc Solicit Your Patronage

’Phone 81-Y

; }

Give your Laundry to

WM. SCHIMMEL & SON CIGARS,

DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop.

Watertown, Wis.

KRUBSACK,

Manager.

PIPES

STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

‘

Something Important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company

i €. ^ciclteri

. .

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE

TEACHER OF I X \.

Violin aub ^armattg

HOURS:

9 TO 11

A. M

2 TO 4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M. OFFICE. 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X

9tufta 1D9 fHaitt &t. ®l|ir& 3Ucmr

RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY i

Wm. Kramer ‘if

114 W. Main

Tel. 155-Y

E. H. COOK, M. D. Practice limited to EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j '1:30 to 4 p. m.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Sundays. 10 to 1 a. m. Telephone 305-Y.

Office, Hcrtel & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wis. ■

Rep Cemcee 5 CENT CIGARS ARE ALWAYS GOOD

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS FOR THE C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. WATERTOWN WISCONSIN

Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORE

MIG, GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Strep*

Advertise in the Black & Red

Mueller Bros.

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

SHARP CORNER GROCERS

FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

Try a Sample of our

TEAS, COFFEES, SPICES, Etc. We arc not afraid to have them tested thoroughly before taking your order. We know what our groceries are and want you to know too. For the better you know them the surer we are of your custom. ’Phone 214-X

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants. Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Feftibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0

F. G. KECK & CO. THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE STORE

I ■

905 Main St. i

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

BOWLING

ALLEYS

—Everything in—

FURNITURE Watertown, Wis.

110-112 Main St.

Billiard and Pool Tables ....Also a Choice Line of....

CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 202-204 Madison Street

Watertown, Wi*.

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHN E. HEISMANN U6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

:: !f

This is a “Kuppenheimer” Store— a store in which you can get a Suit of Clothes or an Overcoat made by the great House of KUPPEN HEIMER. There’s no better or finer Clothing made anywhere and if you want a nobby Suit or Overcoat, we ask you to come in and see the splendid styles pro duced by this house. Every garment has a snap and tone that gives it individuality and the Cloths are the newest and most fashionable for the coming season.

The Newest Things in HATS, NECK WEAR, SHIRTS, COLLARS,

in fact, nothing is lacking to make this Department a complete and up-to-date store for Men, Young Men and Boys. Prices usually lower than elsewhere.

SCHEMPF BROS. CO.

THE BIG CASH STORE

you Can Save money Ii

i;!

BY BUYING

SHOES

! r:

GORDER’S

3 =2

604=60$ main Street

^inininiiuiiiiiiuiuiuiitiuiunuuiuiitiuiuiuiuiiwuiuiuiuiu^

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313 Main Street

m* Chas. A, Gatnm .. •

The

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Druggist

JEWEL

Pmcgp?r:8 & Sptcfalty

r ?#

i .

101 M*:>a . \

PIANOS AND »» HATH «T.

: _y;. Try And 7oir

Givs *

'FHOSS NO.*

WAHSTOVTK. WIST. , •■• •■'

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SHOES •

107 Wbst Mun Sisbbt. ~occn* ------------------------- •?

ttATBSWOW*.

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WHEAT SHEAF BR

EAT V TH E m BEST

CREAMERY BUTTE*. Mi P£$F;

JAttNKE'S CELEBRATED 1GE I Such as you .woold pot befb*e

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IDE CREAM AND OK will he found fresh, port Bud whokaoai

210 MAIN STREET _

Manufacturer* oi High Grade

:<zF. ■

LEO

IV. C

S14 affisfi

OKGAi

'.v'riotte N«. 43

"g“ire-. *

jWffilile

101 Western Arenpe

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In this Ad. we are showing two forms of our ATHLETIC suit bearing the label

Sincerity Clothes

If you keep pace with comparative values you will know that we sell the be£t clothes you can buy, and the prices are moderate for quality. In this connec5tion let us add that you cannot find quality and cheapness in the same garment. Within the medium-priced range you will get the be£t possible to produce.

;

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. Cor. Main and Third Sts.

Watertown, Wis. 1 ■

1 '

THE BLACK AND RED.

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., October,

2>ic Scpon in Ben friiêften êiten fanntn Bic 'JJJenfcijen nuf Witte! unB fflege, rote fic jidf) unb ifjre £>abe con cincm Ort 3U ctnem anberen bringen lonnten. (Sinen leidften UBcg fanben fie in bem Staffer, unb [0 bouten fie fid) ©d)iffe. ©ierin bilben bie Snbianer (eine Sugnagme. ift fdjmer 311 fagen, metres bag urfpriinglidjfte gafêug mar. ©g ift moglid), bag bag geltboot unter ben erpen mar, ba biinne Siergaute gum transport bon gluffigteiten, befonberg bon Laffer, fc^r friif) benugt murben. Stanrit bie ©aute auf tyre 2>itytigfeit unterfudjt merben Ibnnen, miiffen fie beg oftcren aufqeblafen merben, mobei tyre Scbmirnmfdgigfeit erprobt merben tann. 6in fold) febrnimmenber ©tylauty unter* fdjeibet fid) ja bom Jellboot nur baburd), bag man bie ©aut gan3 jund^t unb ing Staffer taud)t, mafjrenb man bet bem

1910.

Number 5

6cr JnMaiter. (iellfioot bie §aut inS SBajfet taucfjt, o(ine pe pjunafien. Set Bentpwtmmen= ben <5d)Iaudj mormon exn Seruft oQgu mcldjeg mit bem (Sdjlaud) bag uta9T3 9 bilbet. . ' h ®a bag Soot etn ©otfraum t|tunb mafferbidit Jem mug, tann eg auc©1 tfjuy figteiten aufnc$men, fobag eg alg Stint, gefag ober auc§ a(g ô^teffe ? merben fann. Set ben ^nbiane ©uapana murbe bet;«ajni alg benujjt unb trug bte SBuben fo « ffionnelanb begJRaufcêg . 9GB ^nbiancc bag Soot alg W efe! ? ; braudjten, toermenbeten fie 9 9' ©teine, ba tn emem foldjen “ It iiber bem êuer getotyt merben ban. 3« êru unb in ben bena^barten @egenben merben ©tytlfbunbel 3 ,. fonberen gorm bon ' SDtefe tragen atlerbmgs Bxe d? 9'

129

THE BLACK AND RED.

tonnen abet fefrr einfad) unb frequent fret* fret ©portfrooten frenufrt megen ifrret gefteltt merben. gtogen Sot3iige. S)ie S^^net int norhmeftlidjen Sell ©tatt bet tRinbe fpannen bie Ggtimo* unfetcg SanbeS. ant ©eftabe beg ftillen bolter ©eefrunbgfelle iifrer ôlgrippen ©3eang, unb bie ant fiiboftlicfren Sett, am ober SBalfifdjtnodjen. SDag 2ttannertanoe attantifdjen Dgean, frraudjten bag §013* obet bet „$at)af", metier gur gagb be* froot obet ben Ginbaunt fefrr fraufig. fjlit nufrt mirb, ift bollftanbig mit gotten be* einen, ber an biefe 5Trt bon Soote nidjt bedt, nut fiir ben iRuberer ift eine tleine gemofrnt xft, ftnb fte fefrr fdjmierig gu ten* Deffnung gelaffen. SDag „Uniat" obet ten, afret bte gnbtaner berftanben eg, fte SBeifrerboot iff grog unb offen, nacfr ber ntit erftaunlidjer Scidjtigteit unb ©djnel* 5trt bet $anoe'g bet .^nbianer gefraut. tigteit gu regieren. SDiefeg tragt bie SBeiber, 5linber unb Son ben $otsfrooten finb bie iRinben* §auggerate, menu bie ©ee offen ift. froote gu unterfdjeiben. $)ie #erftetlung 3uletjt mare nod) bag ,,$orateI" gu er* biefer Soote ift leidjt. 5luf ein paar Un* mafrnen, metcfreg aug Siiffelfetten frerge* tertagen aug §013 unb ©teinen tann man ftellt ift, bie iifrer ©tangen gegogen mer* unfdjmer ein trogartigeg ©efag aug ben. Obmofrl biefeg fefrr ungefdjidt ift, ftinbe frerftellen, unb ein foldfret Srog fo mar eg bod) ben Snbianent bon grogem fdjmimmt natiirtidj audj auf bem Staffer, iRugett, mcnn fie iifrer frreite ©trotnc, mie nadjbcm er feine gorm angenommen frat. ben 9Jtiffouri, fetjten. Gin groger Sor3ug ber Sinbenfroote ift ©egel murben fefrr felten angemanbt. ber, bag fdjabfrafte ©tetten leidjt augge* SDer ©ruttb frierfiir ntag mofrt in ber freffert merben tonnen, inbent man einen Sauart ber ©djiffe 311 fudjen fein, mie ftliden einnafrt. audj in ber Sefd)affenfreit beg 5Xontinentg, SDag tppifdje Soot ber norbamerita* metier ber ©d)iffafrrt nterfmiitbig afr* niftfren ^nbianer ift afrer bag Sirfen* tefrnenb gegeniifrer ftanb. SDie Snbianer fanoe. Sbie SRinbe mug frei btefen iifrer an ber SRorbtiifte beg ftillen Q3eang ge= ein ©eriift bon ©panten qenafrt merben, frraudjten ©egcl, bie aug Gebernrinbe ge* unb bie *Rafrte merben berpiefrt, bamit bag maefrt marett. 2tber eg fdjeint, atg ofr bie ??afrr3eug majferbidjt mirb. SDiefeg Soot Jftibianer ©eget nur frei giinftigen 2Bin* ift fefrr leiefrt unb tonnte begfralfr bon ben ben gefrraud)ten, ba fte eg nidjt berftanben. 3nbianern bon einem $lujfe 3um anbern bie ©eget 3U dnbern, nadjbetn fte einmal getragen merben, mag frei bem Ginfraum gefegt maren. 5)te cin3igen, meldje ©e* nitfrt fo leidjt fratte gefdjefren tonnen. 5)ie gel mit Grfolg frenutjtenrmaren bie 5la* freften Gjemptare bon biefen iRinbenfroo* raifreit, unb aud) btefe, mie gfrieberici ten merben im ftorhoften unfeteg Sanbeg fagt, taten eg erft ttad) ber $eit beg 5Xo* gefunben, mo bag 2ftateriaT in genugen* Iumfrug. %n ber ©iibfee frefeftigten bie ber 2Renge borfranben mar, unb mo audj ^nbianet 3mei 5Xanoeg aneinanber butdj ein tragfrareg gafrr3eug am meiften ber* ©tangen, meldje fie quer iifrer bie S*anoe§ langt inutbe. Gb. §afrn in feiner Se* Tegten; bann erridjteten fte ein ©eget. Um fptedjung bon ^ribericig „S)ie ©tfriff* bag Umtippen 311 berfriiteit, frefeftigten fte fafrrt ber 3nâncrM un^ Sfarranh in an einem Gnbe einen Saumftamm.. „Saitg of American Siffatb", benen mir 3ur gortfremegung frenugten bie^ 3ns in biefem STuffafre gefolgt finb, ftnb ge* bioner meifteng tanqe JRuber, bie an jebem neiqt, biefeg gfafrrgeug atg bag utfpriing* Gnbe mit einem Statt berfefren maren* titfrfte frei ben 3fnbianern an3ufefren. S)iefe #iermit fonnten fte ifrre Soote gefdjwt fôrm bon Sooten mirb freute notfr fefrr unb rafcfr bormartg frringen, felfrft ocl biet bon 5Tnterifanern unb Gngtanbern unrufriger ©ee.

• \ j

THE BLACK AND RED. bielen §infid)ten tociren alfo bie Sootc ber ^nbianer feljr primitib, abcx bie SSidenfanoeS Iicfcrten Sfteifterftiicfe in bcr Sauart bon teicfjten unb sugletdj un* falser 3U Ienfenbcn galjtgeugen. 3)te (Suropaer fafjen balb etn, ba| bicfe 93oote oud) fiir fie in unferem fianbc bon gro< feein Wufeett feicn, unt) be§fjal& marten fie audj fdjncil ©ebraudj babon. (5. (5.

Lewis and Clark.

The purchase of the vast territory west of the Mississippi river was the greatest event of Thomas Jef ferson’s term of office as president of the United States. The work of exploring the northern part of this wilderness, which was full of dan gers and never before trodden by civilized man, was given by Mr. Jef ferson to Captains Lewis and Clark. Not only were these men directed to explore the land, but also to study the native nations and tribes en countered along the way, their ideas and practice of commerce, and the possibility of extending among them the influences of civilization. The contour of the land, the course of the streams, the points best adapted for forts and trading stations, were also to be carefully noted. On May 14, 1804, the expedition, consisting of forty-five members, set forth on the Missouri river in the vicinity of St. Louis. The first month passed without any special happenings. Nevertheless, journals were kept, and as soon as a note book had been filled, it was soldered in a water-tight case, so that not a line could be obscured. Toward the

130

end of August the party reached the Sioux country. The tribes of this nation were known to be hostile to ward’ the whites. Irrespective, how ever, of their past reputation, Lewis and Clark desired a personal meet ing with the Indians. They there fore dispatched an officer and a few men to a village twelve miles dis tant from the camp, taking presents of corn, tobacco and working uten sils. On reaching the Indian village the officer was met by a party with a buffalo robe, on which they de sired to carry their visitor. This honor, the officer declined, telling them that he was not the command er of the boats. Thereupon the In dians, wanting to show some sign of respect, presented him with a fat dog already cooked. The next day white men and Indians assembled under an awning formed from the mainsail. Lewis told them in a speech of the change in government, of the protection they were to have, and advised them as to their future conduct. The Indians replied to this speech, expressing their joy at the change in government; they also wanted arms for hunting and de fense. Thus Lewis and Clark met all the tribes, Pawnees, Otoes, Missouris, Mahas, Tetons and Ricoras. By the last of October the travelers came to the camps of the Mandans and Minnetaries, sixteen hundred miles from St. Louis. Here preparations were made to take up winter quar ters. Log cabins and fortifications were constructed. During the win ter months canoes were built, tools sharpened, and everything was put in readiness for an early start in the spring. On April 7, 1805, winter quarters

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131

THE BLACK AND RED.

were abandoned. Fourteen men re turned to St. Louis in a barge, with documents and trophies. The rest of the party proceeded. The work was now becoming tiresome and la borious; rapids were numerous, and precipitous and rocky banks afford ed no foothold. Thus they came at last to the Great Falls of the Mis souri. Here severe labor was en countered in making a portage. The water was icy cold, the banks slip pery, and sharp projecting rocks cut their feet. The river, however, was becoming narrower and narrower, and after a few days’ march one of the men could stand with his feet upon opposite shores. They had come to the great Continental Di vide ! From the Indians they met in this region they obtained horses. Sad dles for these they cut from oars and fastened them into form with thongs of rawhide. In this manner the par ty came to the Columbia river. The Indians they now met showed occa sional signs of previous intercourse with the traders who had visited the coast; colored cloth was found in some costumes; some of the men had guns, hats, and sailors’ peajackets. At last, on November 7, the men caught a glimpse of the Pa cific, the object of all their labors. On reaching the coast log houses and fortifications were built. These cabins were constructed as fast as possible, because many of the men were sick. The weather was rainy and dismal; the Indians were beg-

ging and stealing at all times. Cap tain Clark, very much disgusted with these conditions, wrote: “It is twenty-four days since we arrived at the Great Western (for I cannot say Pacific Ocean, as I have not seen one pacific day since my arrival in this vicinity), * * During the winter months the men were kept busy, dressing skins, curing meat and making moccassins and cloth ing, which were to be used on the journey homeward. On March 18, 1806, preparations for departure were completed. The journey home, though full of dan gers and hard work, was successful ly completed, without loss of life. On September 23, 1806, the party ar rived at St. Louis, where they were met by all the village. Everybody had feared that the explorers, un heard of for more than a year, would never be heard of again. When the journals of Captains Lewis and Clark, edited by Nicholas Biddle, were published a few years later and carefully studied, there was much, indeed, which was new to geograph ers, geologists, botanists and ethnol ogists. The original journals have re cently been found and have now been published as written by Lewis and Clark by Reuben G. Thwaites, secretary of the Wisconsin Histor ical Society. Their work stands forth to this day as a monument dedicated to their remembrance. W. A. S„ T2.

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Published Moathly by the Students of the Northwestern University.

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EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, M l BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, Ml PAUL FROEHLKE, '12

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

DEPARTMENT EDITOR8 DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, 'll HENRY HEISE, M 1 WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, M J WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

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Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All lterary matter should be addressed to tho Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents por annum, payable in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Blech end Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order for Its discontinuation Is received and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at tho Postofllco of Watertown, Wis., os second-class matter.

EPETOEHAL

Optional or Compulsory Course of Studies. One of the mooted questions in matters relating to education is, which is better, the optional or the compulsory course of studies? On the face of the thing, the optional course certainly seems preferable, for this enables the pupil to select a course of studies which is fitting for his talents and inclinations. He would, therefore, apply himself to his studies with a vim and vigor which would be lacking were he compelled to pursue a course of studies distasteful to him. But ex perience teaches that this is not the case. The ordinary class of pupils is inclined to follow the line of least

resistance and select the easiest1 studies in the curriculum. And even though the parents pass judgment on this selection, enough reasons are generally found by the children which make that course seem the best one possible from a utilitarian point of view. On the other hand, the better class of students, work ing for a certain end, is inclined to specialize in their studies and thus fail to obtain the broad training which is necessary for a well edu cated person. Most of these defects are over come by the compulsory system of studies. There the course is select ed by men of large experience in educational work, and has already been tried for years, and if certain

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studies are uncongenial to the stu dent it will be a training for his will power if he nevertheless forces him self to succeed in it. Therefore the compulsory course seems preferable to the optional one, and if this is the case in general, it certainly is appli cable at our college, where we arc nearly all preparing for the same calling.

Procrastination is the Thief of Time. Boys, if you have any task to per form, do it now. Yield not to the tendency of saying that you will have plenty of time on the morrow, iii which it can be done. Each day, and especially the student’s day, is heavily laden with burdens and each moment’s work that is left undone will in the end prove to be a heavier load and not a relief. Each fiber that is left unstrung will entwine us in the meshes of the web we weave. In the bustle and stir of daily life it is not an easy matter to stop and do yesterday’s work. Why could Na poleon Bonaparte utterly rout and defeat armies much larger in num bers than his own and almost con quer the entire world? The main reason was that he never knew what it meant to dally with time, and promptly utilized the right moment, which for him was the present mo ment. When Gen. Wurmser, sta tioned at Trent, complacently rub bing his hands, exclaimed, “We shall soon have the boy now,” he

was convinced that the young gen eral could not withstand such odds. But without delay, without even hesitating a moment, he sacrificed the enormous expense and labor of the siege of Mantua, and with al most incredible speed covered the distance to the carefully divided forces of Wurmser, and after several brilliant victories inflicted the final blow upon the Austrians in the re nowned battle of Castiglione. Whenever vou have work out of your daily routine which requires additional diligence and persever ance, as a composition or such, be gin at once. You handicap yourself by every moment of delay. Sacri fice a few minutes of the present and you will get results. It is but too easy and near at hand to postpone it for a short time, but do not let your duties be bounded by your present likes or dislikes, and the problem is almost solved. Even the treacherous Macbeth ex perienced the truth of the adage, “Procrastination is the thief of time,” who delayed but a short time to put the plan of murder against Macduff into execution.

Note. In the last number of the BLACK AND RED, the name of the author of the German article was omitted by mistake. The article was the speech at the 1909 commencement exercises by William Lutz, ’09.

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COLLET! TOTES The New School Year.

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Now that the new school year is fairly begun, it becomes apparent that it is beginning in a manner in dicative of the best results. An un usually large number of new stu dents—over fifty—entered. These do not enter into the lower classes only, for every class has received some new members. The ranks of the Senior class arc thinned most noticeably, as several of them en tered the seminaries at Wauwatosa and St. Louis. One of their number was compelled by sickness to drop out of this class and continue with the Juniors. The number of stu dents that entered the Sophomore class from the Dr. Martin Luther College at New Ulm was below the average, only two arriving, but it was augmented by one new arrival from Concordia College, St. Paul. The Freshmen suffered more than any other class, but they were like wise reinforced with new members. All of the organizations are flour ishing. The band and company both promise to have a highly successful year. The chorus is at present test ing a large number of applicants and bids fair to have the largest enroll ment in its history. This, coupled with the able leadership of Profes sor Bolle, speaks exceedingly well for the future. The orchestra has begun light practice and is rapidly getting into shape, although the loss of the veterans, Limpert, Schumach er, Schoenicke and Oerding, is being severely felt.

The Military Company. Often (luring the noon hour Capt. Hanke can be seen drilling the com pany. It is true, the ranks present a motley appearance, owing to the large number of new recruits, but this is only a good sign. The com pany had been diminished to a small size when, this autumn, a large num ber of recruits presented themselves for admission. They were immedi ately taken in hand by the captain and his officers and instructed in the manual of arms and the rudiments of marching. After three weeks of this preliminary work they were united with the old members, bring ing the company up to six squads, and are now being drilled in the more complicated squad and platoon movements. All students should bear in mind that the company of fers valuable exercise to its mem bers; yes, it is the only means we have of obtaining exercise in winter. Then the company could almost be doubled and drilling would be made much more interesting both to offi cers and privates. At present the officers rank as follows: Captain—A. Hanke. First Lieutenant—W. Reinemann. Second Lieutenant—L. Beto. First Sergeant—J. Masch. Second Sergeant—P. Froehlke. Third Sergeant—L. Koeninger. Fourth Sergeant—P. Eggert. Fifth. Sergeant—W. Hartwig. Colorbearer—E. Reim. Corporals—W. Schaller, W. Keibel, W. Beitz, O. Henkel, O. Kehrberg.

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IDE MEBUJS ©MMUBOS Florence Nightingale. The heroine of the Crimean war, Florence Nightingale, or better known to the soldiers as “The Lady of the Lamp” and “The Soldier’s Friend,” died in England last Au gust in her 91st year. The great achievement of her life was the or ganization of the nursing service in the Crimean war. At all the hos pitals of England, Germany and France she had prepared herself as nurse, and when in 1854 the call came, she was the one woman ca pable of rising to the occasion. On November 4 she arrived with thirtyfive women assistants at Constanti nople, just after the battle of Inkerman. Through the whole war she worked at the bedside of the maimed and wounded soldiers. On return ing to England, after the war, Flor ence Nightingale established a train ing school for nurses, and superin tended it for many years. Many honors and medals were conferred upon her, and when she died, the English wished to have her buried in Westminster Abbey. Her rela tions, however, declined the offer, as

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she had given directions in her will for a quiet funeral.

Montenegro a Kingdom. Two dates which will always be remembered by all Montenegrins are 1697 and 1910. In the year 1697 Danilo Pctrovic liberated his coun try from the Turks and established himself as both spiritual and tem poral ruler. The Pctrovic family has ever since governed the principality with absolute power. Five years ago Nicholas I., who was ruling prince for fifty years, granted his people a constitution. Representatives now come together yearly in a national parliament, called the Skupshtina. Two months ago, however, anoth er change took place—the proclama tion of Nicholas I. as King of Mon tenegro. This will make Montene gro the smallest kingdom in Europe, having an area of 3,506 square miles, its capital being Cettinje, a small town with a population of about four thousand. It is expected that King Nicholas will shortly make a tour of the European courts.

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ALOMM On the Cemetery adjacent to Old Northwestern. Like to place of crime the criminal Unresistingly is drawn; Or a Lover haunts the places, That his Lady tread upon,— Time could not quench Desire to once more Rest, where I’d lounged So often before.

Four o’clock and school was over, In those olden College days; Then in hand the good Inspector Took us for athletic plays:— “Hands to your hips “And thumbs to your back;— “So ’round the field, “Till here you come back!” Thus lie daily made beginning, Chased us ’round and ’round again; But we knew, his failing vision Saw not, whither truants ran! Many a one, The sun pelting hot, Skimmed nearby fence To Cemet’ry lot. There, were rested the departed, Carried thither, will or nill, We of own accord assembled Mindful only, to lie still Under the lovely Tree-blossom shrouds Scented with sweets of Nicotine clouds.

Then, it seemed, neglected tomb stones Spoke aloud for me to hear; Lips of leaves and tongues of grasses Poured this chorus in my ear: ‘Are n’t we but here, “To pass out of sight?— “Say our ‘Good-morning,’ “Bid our ‘Good-night’?’’ How bewild’ring to the senses Is the medley of such scene;— How our Faith needs all her courage When she faces the unseen!— E’en as good horse. By “Outlaws’’ defiled, Renegade now, Will take to the wild! Oh! You skulls,—some time Soul’s workshops, With the mind the artful lathe Gems producing, while plans, mod els, Hung on wall,— and now mere wraith!— Crumbled and tumbled, Contents forlorn,

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Sod-covered debris:— Why was man born? Is man’s life not wasted, aimless— What he do, or what he be? And is this not “Preacher’s” mean ing, Saying: “All is vanity?”— Why should not I be Cynical, when Solomon speaks thus, Wisest of men? II. While thus pond’ring what perplex ed me, On a bark-lined chip, close by, Like an old and dear acquaintance Chanced my vaguely wand’ring eye; Soon all my thoughts Diverted this bark Lightning-rod like, Attracting the spark! Toward this*chip my hand extended I, who thirty years ago Had the same at posing gopher Shied in tantalizing throw!— “See the initials? “Runes for dear name!— “Yes! It is true, chip.— “You are the same!”

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Gladly I did hold reunion With youth’s associate;— And results of our communion Let me here for you translate;— Humble appearing, Ven’rable Sage, Was that gnarled, wrinkled Chip of ripe age! “Woodman’s craft”—so ran the story,— “Hurled to ground me, as you see;

“And I lay here,—just a sorry “Remnant of the parent tree.— “Oh, what a sad, “Regrettable lot “Would it appear:— “Not cease, only rot! “Untold times I moaned in anguish— “That, while one or other part “Of my kin was greatly valued, “Filling needs, or serving Art,— “I was refused— “E’en feeding the fire “Under the broth “Of meanest hire! “Till I crushed desires, and noticed, “Looking back, the parent tree “Never could have thrived except ing “All had helped,—including me! “Having performed, then, “What was my lot,— “Humbly content, I’m “Willing to rot!”— “Good, so! Clever, order loving, “Lovely-ugly chip of tree! “My respects!”—I cried, while ripened In me plans, to make him free! “Please, dear chip!”—quoth I,— “Ere you retire “Ward oft* the insects!— “Build me a fire!”— Called upon thus, for some service, How he leapt with sparkling glee! And his last expiring glimmer Semed to say, in earnest plea: “Never despair!—For “Can you not see “Purpose in all?—like “Bark on the tree?”— hi.

THE BLACK AND RED. True! he chip is but an instance Of all-wise Creator’s plan; All there is in shape and colors Ever to His orders ran: That a mere flower Lover might send, Sun and Seasons Worked without end! Next to Soul, there .is none greater Than the Sun there overhead, Life-producing,—aye, to many Shrine, to which their hands they spread! Still of all creatures Ts he but part Meant to enrapture Man in his heart! Scan the rugged snow-clad Moun tains, Those inverted reservoirs. Sending water to the plough-lands Filling markets with rich stores:— Failed that grand system, Reared in the skies, Famishing, starving Death would arise! Yet the mountains’ sure foundation Is the weight-crushed base at foot; Ev’ry grain of sand does duty, Same as fibre serves the root! Look where you will, And all will relate: “We arc all here “To co-operate!” I remember, Indians stalking Husband’s hope, — a new-wed bride:— And it was a twig, that warned her, Crackling under foot!—She cried!— Hark! A shot answered!— And she was safe!— Was not that twig a Glorious knave?

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Now behold that darkest Chapter, Greatest, any eye has spied,— Yet most savage, when that pure One,— “Woman’s,”— was crucified!— Yet, as with Joseph:— Who could have told, God would turn Saviour Him, that was sold? So are men as individuals,— Old, or young; or big, or slip,— Nothing but a part of total, Providential, like the chip;— Christians, or heathen, Sane or insane:— All reinforcing Links of a chain!— What a relief!—Those buried loved Ones Served a purpose,—like each bone Was sustaining part of body, To its place divinely shown.— Pity the Caesar, And beggar the same, Whom not this plain Enlightenment came; Such in truest sense are paupers Who think all as idle chance; And have lost that one sustaining Grasp of life,—which understands: Birth is: “Tattoo;”— Time following: Gaps, Which you ’re to fill;— Then: Signal for “Taps!”— Glad at heart I turned from graveTo that living College dear. Old Northwestern,—Alma Mater!— Training youth from far and near. That they" might know, as Onward*they run:— There is a “Higher’s” Will to be done!

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High above surrounding country Stands a college firm and strong, Solid is its general aspect Like a pillar in the throng. Let the others have their houses, Halls and chapels shining bright. Give me strength and earnest pur pose, Old Northwestern’s steady light.

Alumni Personal

On October 5th, a ceremony of interest to all readers of the Black and Red was performed by Rev. J. Klingmann in the St. Mark’s church, of Watertown, Wis. Rev. Henry Anger of Wautoma, Wis., a graduate of 1907, entered the ranks of thebenedicts by wedding Miss Annie P’haps too quiet others call you, But your depth none will disclaim. Eickmann, a former member of the Mother, dear, to all your children, class of 1910. After the ceremony a celebration was held at the home of Ever heartfelt is your name. the bride. In the course of the eve Thou didst give us high ideals, Lofty thoughts and towering aims, ning the young couple was serenaded Old Northwestern, firm and rugged, by the N. W. U. band and quartette, of which organizations the bride Ever glorious be thy name. groom was at one time a member. After the guests had left, the couple For you gave our life a purpose, left on their honeymoon trip, their Showed us all a distant goal, first destination being Osceola, Wis. Placed us on a broad foundation, Made us mindful of our soul. Among the guests present were the Let us ever sing your praises, following alumni and former stu Grateful for thy tender care: dents: Rev. A. Bendler, Milwau Onward always be your watchword. kee; Rev. H. Woyahn, Waukesha; Old Northwestern, true and fair. Rev. H. Diehl, Peshtigo; Martin ( ALUMNUS);) Eickmann, Gregory, S. D.; William -V/8, MILW,. APR. 15, ’iq Eickmann, Fort Atkinson. Ef&i__

ATHLEHICS

Beloit 3, N. W. U. 0. Northwestern opened its football season October 1 by playing the Be loit eleven on the latter’s grounds, ar«d was defeated, the score being 3 to 0 in favor of Beloit. At the end of the first quarter neither side had scored, but after two minutes of play in the next quarter Coffen kicked the ball over the posts, scor ing the only points made in the

game. Berg, Mahnke, Schweppe and Zibell played a good game for Northwestern. The game was not marred by any dispute, and there were no penalties save one for off side. The line-up was as follows: Beloit Rosenberg, White ... Johnson .. Kerwin ...

Northwestern. lc It

Bruns . Tacke . Hanke

THE BLACK AND RED. ,c Dudley ... Brandt .... ■rg... .rt... Dohlgren . re Hanna---Rowell-Osborn ..q ... Coffeen-Landry .lh---Colette-Nules .. .rh... Wolfe-Fullerton fb....

.... Zibell Reineman'n .. Hartwig ....... Koch .. Wietzke Schweppe .. Mahnke ........ Berg

doubt that we have the material for a good football team, and if Dame Fortune condescends to bestow on our team a reasonable portion of her favor, we may look towards win ning some of the games this season. Lack of practice and training will certainly not be wanting on our part. The line-up was as follows:

Ripon 3, N. W. U. 0. Ripon. Ripon defeated N. W. U. on the home grounds October 8, the score being 3 to 0 in favor of Ripon. Ri pon scored in the last quarter after N. \V. U. had lost the ball on a fum ble on the twelve yard line, when Fcasc made a place kick. The game was a hard one to lose, as N. W. U. outplayed Ripon in every respect, the latter constantly being held for downs or forced to punt. The game, though lost, demonstrated beyond a

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Northwestern.

Sorrensen ..........re................. Koch Match ............... rt...............Hartwig Johnson .............rg........Reinemann Zibell c Benson ... Hanke !"• Frath .. ... Tackc It Rock .. le ... Bruns Hasselt Schweppe lh Pease .. rh . Mahnke Leaper .... Berg f Choate . Wietzke McGrath q

hiicihiatch

There has arrived another new exchange, a new paper, which aroused great interest and which has our best wishes for success, the ALMA MATER. This paper is edited by the students of Concordia Seminary at St. Louis, with reporting editors in all the different colleges of the Missouri Synod. The first number shows that there is no danger of failure. The solid literary column and editorials of like quality show the abilities of those who work for the paper. We hope to see you regularlv at our table and in always greater perfection. Like most of the September num bers, that of the OTTERBEIN AE-

GIS is below its average quality, It contains an excellent speech on education, but there are no efforts on the part of students. Fortunately the editorial column was not negIccted, at least in quantity. The editorials are a little one-sided, in so far that they all treat of a good start or good resolutions for the ensuing year. It was unfortunate, however, that the exchange editor didn't think it proper to work for this number, despite the fact that material was scarce. We hope to see improvement in this department, We were almost incensed at the MILTON COLLEGE REVIEW when we began to read the exchange

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column of its June number. It cer tainly seems queer that you should be wrought up over the lack of crit icisms in other papers, spend a half page on the subject and then not criticize any papers yourself. But the story “Butterfly” mollified us again. It is one of the best pro ductions for the month of June. The author works up the whole story to a perfect climax and then ends with three short sentences. The INDEX, Oshkosh High School, came out rather late with its commencement number, but then it brought out one of the most perfect papers so far received by us. It con tains fully eleven longer or shorter articles and abounds in views of Oshkosh and pictures of athletic heroes. The most fascinating story is “The Spirit of the Mill Race,” and the story of the postage stamp col lector is easily second. The Index always contains a large amount of poetry, and we can only laud the ef forts of the several amateurs. With all the good sketches, cuts and pic tures the homely exchange column cut must feel entirely out of place. And why do you insert jokes into every little open space in the paper when you have a separate joke col umn ?

After looking over some very slim September numbers we found great pleasure in reading the M. H. AE RO LITH for this month. It is al most stronger than at any time in the middle of the year. There are two interesting German articles, one on a fair in Zurich and the other on floods in Switzerland. A third es sayist treats of politics in Pennsyl vania: how the people are at last beginning to resent the treatment of the trusts and corporations, even if it was hard and needed great injus tice to arouse their German spirit. The editorials are substantial and interesting. Why don’t you attempt to criticize other papers? The vacation number of the LAKE BREEZE, wisely dated Oc tober, has arrived and was as always well received. The first article es pecially deserves mention. It is the story of a college-bred refined young doctor, who takes up his work in a lumber camp. After much adversity he at last wins the hearts of the men by his firmness and ability with sev eral men badly burned in a big fire. 'Phe column “Camera Club” is at once unique and interesting, and it is well to encourage this useful art as much as possible. The paper would look neater if advertisements on the rear cover would be avoided.

LOCALS The following seminary students E. Kiessling, prep., spent October visited the Ripon-Northwestern foot 8 with his parents in Jefferson, ball game October 1: E. Zell, ’08; E. ‘ Emil Martin, a member of the Berg, TO; I. Frey, TO; H. Kirchner, class of 1913, discontinued his studTO; V. Schroeder, TO; Paul Leh- ies September 17, and G. Solveson, mann, TO, and C. Baerwald. October 1.

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Rev. and Mrs. A. Schlei and Mr. and Mrs. H. Freitag of Montello shook hands with friends during the game October 1. They were on their auto trip to Milwaukee. Mr. A. Dornfeld of Lebanon called on his son Ernst, prep., Octo ber 11. Mr. and Mrs. A. Meyer of Lomira came down in their auto on October 9 1 o sec their son Walter, prep. On October 1, A. Sitz, ’09, W. Pankow, ’12, Herman Pankow, T2, and Hugo Pankow, T4, were the guests of their cousin, Mr. Newmann of Txonia. H. Pankow and W. Reitz, mem bers of the Freshman class, visited friends in Oconomowoc on Septem ber 24. The Rev. Wm. UfFenbeck of Port age called on his son Carl, prep., October 1. while on his way to Mil waukee. H. Hutli, '14, E. Koehler, prep., R. RadlofF, prep., and H. Seefeldt were the guests of their parents in Hustisford September 8 and 9. A. Pankow, a former member of the class of ’09. H. Pankow, T2, and G. Schlei, ’ll, attended the mission festival at Waterloo September 25, and were the guests of Rev. M. Pan kow. The following Monday A. Pankow left for Miller, S. D., where

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he accepted a position as teacher in a public school. P. Lutzke, prep., received a call from his cousin, W. J. Hoefs of Bea ver Dam, on October 9. On the evening of October 8 E. Berg, ’10, H. Kirchner, TO, and I. Frey, TO, of Wauwatosa; O. King and G. Schlei of Watertown, and M. Eickmann of Gregory, S. D., were pleasantly entertained at the home of Malcolm Whyte, TO, who is talc ing a post-graduate course at the Wisconsin University. Mr. Henry R-. Hillmer of Montello visited his brother Walter, T3, on October 4 and 5 while en route to Montello after a short stay with rel atives and friends in Milwaukee and Kehosha. Mr. O. Stern arrived from Miles City, Mont., to see his brother Hel mut, prep., September 30. Waldemar Petri, prep., enjoyed a visit from his sister Dora of Arling ton on October 12. Mr. Fred Ernst of Charleroi, Bel gium, now attending the University of Wisconsin, was down for the Ripon game October 8th. G. Neumann, ’ll, is teaching at St. Mark’s during the vacancy caused by Teacher Siegler’s accept ing a call elsewhere.

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—Say, fellow, what class are you in? Newcomer: Sixth (Sexta). —Cuckoo (coming into the class room with his pockets full of paper). Plu-d-m-nn: Cuckoo, are those your wings sticking out on the sides? —Sextaner (in ice cream parlor) : Chocolate, please. Waitress: Five or ten ? Sextaner: Oh, I only want one. —A: Let us be sports today. B: Yes, we will spend a whole afternoon. —Dr.: Wie waren die Centauren beschaffen? G—: Sie waren halb Ross, halb Pferd. —L—tz-u (reading Macbeth): What, you egg! (Stabbing him.) L-ck-w: This makes me think of Caesar's being killed in the shell. __Dr. (discussing the pronunciation

of neither): Down in New York nither is used. F-nk: Swift uses it here, too. (Why does he know?) —Prof.: Was sind Granatkanonen? Baron : Das sind Aepfel. —Prof.: What part of history do we take next year? Hippos: The index. —Dr. (to Red) : You are the worst of the two. Red: I don’t understand the com bination. —Prof.: Was heisst “intcllegere?” St-rn (after looking in book): Einsehen. Prof.: Ja, du hast eingesehen. —Dr.: Wo ist denn Malta? F-nk (Eben aufwachend) : Walter hat das Zimmer eben verlassen. —Dr.: Was hat Catilina getan, als er in Afrika Praetor war? F-sch-r: Er hat das Land ausgesaugt.

THE BLACK AND RED. —Dr. (to Schuft II.) : You are only sitting there on provision. Schuft IT.: 1 thought myself on wood. —Prof.: You have turned the dates around. Stella: I looked them up in the re versed (revised) addition. —Schl—ps-ck: Dr., is there a dis tinction made between horse pow er and mule power? —Lehrer: Nenne mir etliche Saetze! Paul: Kaffecsatz, Absatz— Lehrer: Ich gebc dir bald einen Zusatz. —Prof.: What were the Egyptian mummies embalmed with? Stella: With cotton batting. —Dr.: Wer war die Mutter des Telemach ? Brown : Seine—seine Schwicgermutter. —M-nt-uf-1 (Decliniercnd): Tois kresi (kreasi). W. (Getroffen): Jc ’naus. —Dr. (discussing centrifugal force): Experience teaches that we must make a larger circle in coming around the corner of the building. Now why? Schlps: So as to get a better chance to see if the inspector is there or not.

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—Prof.: Why do they call an en gine she? Quintaner: Because men try to run her. —Prof.: Use the words ‘bitter end” in a sentence. Scxtaner: When the cat ran un der the porch the dog bit her end. —Fish (in Greek recitation) : Darf ich auf mein Zimmer gehen? W.: Warum denn? Fich: Die Zeit ist mir zu kostbar. —Freshie (in trouble with the fac ulty) : What would you do, if you were in my shoes? Unsympathetic Junior: Get a —Ex. shine. —Why does a man’s hair turn gray quicker than a woman’s? Because a man wears his all the time. —Ex. —I love a pretty maiden; For her I fondly sigh. Her face so sweet I seldom greet; Of me she’s very shy. I follow her day after day, ’Mid scenes of strife and squal or; If you would view this maiden, too— Look on a silver dollar. —Ex.

This is the best all-’round 25c hose to be had for men. The new toe and heel make it the best wear ing, and in addition it is thin and cool. Permanent silk-lustre colors make it beautiful in appearance. No seams to hurt the feet. Unusual elasticity and snug fit.

” you Can Save money 1 |E

BY BUYING

& &

SHOES AT

GORDER’S 1

604=60$ main Street ;; SittittittiUiUiututuiUitttttiUiUinintuittiUitttniUittiUiUiUittK b

ADLER’S COLLEGIAN CLOTHES are clothes of established merit. Wear them this season, and you are sure to be in fashion. You can’t go wrong: on Collegian Clothes. They arc made of the very best fabrics, by highly skilled workmen, in modern, sanitary tailor shops. *

They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them.

Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. F. Brandt & Son Co. Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

“PURITY and QUALITY” OUR

MOTTO

THE CANDY SHOP DURANT & O’BYRNE HOME MADE

CANDIES AND ICE CREAM

1 I

THERE’S NOT A MAN IN TOWN interested in good clothes who won't be interested in examining these new arrivals from

HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX You'll find pleasure in looking at them; more pleasure in wearing them; there will be pleasure to us in both. The new shape-maker model—the latest words in clothes perfection is an exclusive HART, SCHAFF NER & MARX design. New colors are in Grey, Browns and Tans, Young Men's Styles a special feature, SUITS $20.00 TO $25.00

HERTEL & HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

WE ARE AGENTS FOR

KODAKS,

Steam Heat

Bath

Electric Light

FILMS

and all Photo Supplies

Washington House H. W. KR0NITZ, Prop.

•. :

Phone No. 400

Watertown, Wis.

■:

New Method Laundry EBERLE'S DRUG STORE 204- Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

“THE JUNIATA”

DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop,

218 First Street

Give your Laundry to

WM. SCHIMMEL & SON ■

= E

! '{

CIGARS,

Carry a full line of TOBACCO AND

We Solicit Your Patronage

PIPES

’Phone 81-Y

JOS.

KRUBSACK,

Manager,

students laundry agency

OFFICE HOURS:

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M.

LOUIS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON K-

313 Ma'm Street Above Brennecke'a Draft Store

Residence 809 Main Street

Tolepbone 144

Watertown, Wisconsin

■v

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

NEW EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! S Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Watertown,

DONNER GALLERY WATERTOWN PHOTO CO. 114 S. Third Street Special Rates made to Students

Chas. J. SalicK

Jeweler and Optician *

Special attention given to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses

Stationery, Foot Ball and Sporting Goods 1 and 3 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

Wisconsin

ScHLUETER BROS. MERCHANT 10c. CIGAri AND ARC 5 c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

Watertown, Wt«

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, WIs, Makers of

Fine Athletic «< Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG

TRADE WITH

Schempf the Druggist "He Treats Ton Right"

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, WJs.

313 Main Street

Chas. A. Gamm The Corner Druggist

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 Mtia St.

W. D. SPhflESSER & CO. JEWELERS PIANOS AND

'Phone No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

Give us a Call We’ll Try And Please You

F@r

ORGANS

•phone no. aao-y

WATERTOWN, WIS.

IFnft ami

W. C. Vick Manufacturers oi High Grade

WEAR

LEO RUESGH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

EAT THE BEST i

'■I

ICE CREAM AND CARDIES will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. Ca\l at 107 West Main Street. TiliCOVxm

<V ATISRTGW5J.

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE’S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

Uabnke Creamery Co. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

Dentist Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

Removed to Cor. First and Main Streets

Telephone No. 258

Always a Complete Line of

Grocmee CONCORD

EVANSTON

With Ara-Notch With Buttonhole THE NEW

Arrow Collars

FOR SUMMER Mich—a for 28c. Arrow Cnffe, 28c. Clnett, Peabody <fc Con Maker*

JAEDEGKE & GRAMS 611-613 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

Insure your huildings and contents in good strong companies. REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm WATERTOWN, WIS.

F. J. KOSER -

BAKER "THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD” 0 0

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS

Motl’s Ground Floor Studio 312 Main Street

REMEMBER ovality remain* attar price is fsristtaa.

GLAUS & JAEGER PRINTERS OF THIS PUBLICATION

Telephone 272-X

111 S. Second St.

Watertown

Wisconsin

Something Important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company E. H. COOK, M. D. Practice limited to

€. Reichert

EYE, EAR. NOSE AND THROAT

TEACHER OF

Uhxlht anit gfitzmmig

Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. m.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Sundays, 10 to 1 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wts.

Watertown’s Exclusive Ittuhin 109 fflaiu &t. UJljtrii Jfflanr HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAKIM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Stree*

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE

HOURS:

A. M.,

2 TO 4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY

OFFICE, 200 MAIN ST. PHONE S9-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. RHONE a73-X

Wm. Kramer 114 W. Main

Tel. 15S-Y

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

WAI.C./?fll/f£5£)«s

Painters and Decorators 202 Main Street

Telephone 512

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS for the C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. and T. M. E. R. and L. CO. Watertown, Wisconsin

R®dl Cnirsll® 5

cent CIGARS are always good

Mueller Bros.

College and Class Pennants Made (o order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

SHARP CORNER GROCERS

•>

FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

Try a Sample of our

TEAS, COFFEES, SPICES, Etc. We are not afraid to have them tested thoroughly before taking your order. We know what our groceries are and want you to know too. For the better you know them the surer we are of your custom. 'Phone 214-X

F. G. KECK & CO. THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE STORE

90S Main St.

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

ROWLING

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0

ALLEYS

—-Everything in—

FURNITURE 110-112 Main St.

Billiard and Pool Tables i ....Also a Choice Line of.... a'

CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 212-204 Maditaa Street

Watertowa, Wb.

Watertown, Wii*

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHN E. HEISMANN U6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

BAUMAN’S Pure Sugar Home Candies CHOCOLATES and BITTER SWEETS

E<s@ Cir@si!MB SamdlsQ©© snadl S@dlsis —OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

“Spaldings” *RCUl LEAGUE

H ■

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BASE BALL GOODS

always were and always will be, the

“Standard of the World” In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that We carry a full line at all times.

WM, G. PRITZLAFF&CO,

Our Popular College Song Old Northwestern NOW ON SALE AT THE COLLEGE STATIONERY SEND MAIL ORDERS TO

Otto T. Ernst, 25 7th St., Milwaukee,Wis.

PRICE 15c, BY MAIL 17c.

HtRRO & SON Dealers in

FRUITS, CANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS 210 Main Street.

Watertown, Wis.

BANK OF WATERTOWN CAPITAL SI50.000.

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1 Sincerity Clothes

Sincerity Clothes

□

It means a lot when it comes to exactness of style and sure ness of quality. In a Sincerity overcoat, with all its goodness of material and workmanship, we can give you their convertible style or the Presto collar which the makers of Sincerity Clothes use also on this style of garment.

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. Cor. Main and Third Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., November, 1910.

Number 6

THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS. The Anglo-American colonists of Texas came mainly from the slave holding states; but there was also a considerable element from the free states—especially New York—including a large number of those who be came prominent as promoters of the revolution and officials of the republic. The majority, however, of the colonists were from the South, and therefore tradition combined with economic tendencies to foster slavery among them. This at first appeared no more important than the beginning of slavery in Virginia, but with the growth of opposition to the system, with the progress of sectionalization in the United States, and with the efforts at annexation the fact took on greater importance. The growth of the Anglo-American colonies in Texas and their trouble with the Mexican government forced the question of the relations of the United States with that province on the attention of the authorities at Wash ington and of the people. During the earlier stages of colonization the southwestward movement was backed by the sympathy of the United States people. John Quincy Adams had been bitterly opposed to the surrender of the United States’ claims to Texas, and no presidential administration was more possessed by the spirit of westward expansion regardless to latitude than his.

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As soon as Adams became president he made energetic efforts to recover what he had been forced to yield in 1819. The United States minister to Mexico was instructed to negotiate for the cession of Texas. The negotia tions failed, but Adams suggested to the Mexican government that its col onizing policy was preparing the way for the loss of the province. During Jackson’s administration fruitless efforts were made in 1829 and 1835 to purchase Texas. Meanwhile the friction had arisen between Texas and the Mexican au thorities which brought about the revolution of 1835-1836. During this movement much feeling was aroused in Mexico by the evident sympathy of the government and the people of the United States for the Texans, and by the assistance which came to them from that quarter. Orders had been given to General Gaines, commander of the United States forces on the Sabine, on April 25, 1836, authorizing him to advance to Nacogdoches if he thought it necessary in order to prevent or meet Indian attacks on the Texans. Gorostiza, the Mexican minister, protested, but as he received no satisfactory answer demanded his passports on October 18. These orders to Gaines -appear, while not strictly in accordance with international law, to have been dictated by humanity and justified by the emergency. On May 12 Gaines was warned to be cautious in the exercise of the discretion confided to him; and, though he sent a detachment of troops to Nacogdoches, which occupied the place for a time, it was because of an outbreak among the In dians in which the Caddoes from east of the Sabine are reported to have taken a part. Gorostiza claimed that this was a deliberate and deep-laid scheme to rob Mexico of her possessions, and adduced evidence which gave color to his accusation, but did not prove it. Had it not been for the strained relations of the United States and Mexico, the event would probably have caused no more disturbance than did a similar invasion of the United States by Texan troops a few years later. While the Texan revolution was still in progress, efforts were made to secure the recognition of the republic and its annexation to the United States. As soon as the Mexicans had been defeated and a permanent government for Texas had been organized, the efforts were pushed on with renewed energy. In September, 1836, the question of annexation along with the con stitution of the republic were submitted to the vote of the Texans, and the result was greatly in favor of the proposition. Many, like Adams, were now willing to forego further territorial accession if it involved an enlargement of the slave-holding area; and these at once joined in opposition to the wishes of Texas and the South. Early in July, 1836, both the Senate and the House passed resolutions to the effect that Texas should be recognized when the assurance was obtained that it could maintain its independence. Jackson’s policy, however, was to delay recognition, and therefore in the summer of 1836 he sent a message to Congress in which he recommended that recognition be postponed. On March 1, 1837, the Senate nevertheless passed a resolution that Texas be recognized and sent Alcee Labranche as charge d’affaires to the new republic. The recognition of Texas opened the way for the effort to secure annex-

i 1

BLACK AND RED.

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ation after Jackson’s retirement; and on August 4, 1837, Memucan Hunt, the Texan minister at Washington, addressed a proposal to Secretary For syth to negotiate a treaty to that effect. On August 25 the offer was refused in terms too positive to admit its being pushed further. The refusal of the president to negotiate turned the attention towards the possibility of reaching the same result by an act of Congress. This alternative the Texans had been considering from the very beginning. Instructions of the Texan secretary of state to the minister to the United States show that the minister was expected to deal with either the president or Congress. On the Texan side this alter native of congressional action was never lost sight of. During the regular session of the twenty-fifth Congress, beginning in December, 1837, attempts were made in both houses of Congress to secure action on the subject. The Senate passed a resolution to provide for annexation. The actions of the House, however, were much more radical. Here a resolution “directing the president to take the necessary steps for the annexation of Texas to the United States, as soon as it can be done consistently with the treaty stipula tions of this government,” was offered, but a vote on the same was prevented by a speech of John Quincy Adams, which consumed the whole morning hour each day from June 16 to July 7, within two days of adjournment. Meanwhile the legislatures of several Southern states had passed resolu tions favorable to annexation, and those of several Northern states against it, the utterances strongly sounding the note of nullification. The text of Adams’ time-consuming speech was of the same tenor. Texas now adopted a different policy. The offer of annexation was for mally withdrawn October 12, 1838, and efforts were made to secure recogni tion in Europe. Treaties were concluded with France in 1839, with Holland and Belgium in 1840, and in 1842 with England. The establishment of the new relations of Texas, especially those with Great Britain, caused great uneasiness and soon led the authorities at Washington to renew the offer of annexation. Meanwhile the Texans were as willing to be annexed as ever, although President Lamar had openly declared against it. It was in the United States that the question had to be decided. With the progress of sectionalization the pro-slavery element became more anxious to secure Texas, and the anti slavery element to exclude it from the Union; but neither of these was strong enough to control its own section, and when the issue came, the instinct of expansion finally cast the balance in favor of Texas. In spite of the repulse which the Texan government had received, it was the first to show the desire of returning to the subject. The Texan president sent James Reily to Washington to ascertain whether the United States was willing to negotiate further relative to annexation. He wrote back: “I would rather die than to remain here. . . . You can see from my official letter that nothing can be done here in the way of any negotiation for Texas.” He was relieved shortly after and Isaac Van Zandt took his place. The indifference of the United States suddenly changed to marked anxi ety. A truce between Mexico and Texas was secured by the efforts of the British and French ministers in Mexico, in order to make negotiations for :

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BLACK AND RED.

peace. Van Zandt was instructed informally to state “that the subject of annexation was not open to discussion.” This truce awoke in the United States a sense of the risk it might be incurring by its refusal to consider the subject of annexation. The Mexican secretary of state wrote: “This aroused all the dormant jealousies and fears of that government, the apathy of seven years’ sleep over the question was shaken off, and a treaty of annexation proposed to be celebrated.” In 1840 the department of state at Washington possessed the informa tion that British influence was working strongly in Texas, and that it was the aim of Great Britain to secure abolition of slavery in that republic. To prevent this, President Tyler and Secretary of State Upshur began to nego tiate a treaty for the annexation of Texas. These negotiations began October 16, 1843, with a letter from Upshur to Van Zandt, offering to reopen the subject. President Houston, however, assumed an attitude of indifference and caution, and there was some difficulty in reaching an agreement. He demanded that United States troops be placed near the Texan border to pro tect that country against invasion from Mexico during the progress of the negotiations; and that, if the treaty should fail, the United States should guarantee the independence of Texas. Murphy, the United States charge, assented to this and J. P. Henderson was sent to act with Van Zandt, and the treaty was soon concluded. While negotiations for the treaty were in progress, the United States government was also in correspondence with that of Great Britain concern ing the attitude of the latter towards Texas. The Earl of Aberdeen replied at once, but his replies and statements failed to quiet the agitation in the United States, which was working blindly but effectively in behalf of Texas. On December 26, 1843, Aberdeen sent Pakenham, the British minister at Washington, a communication defining again the attitude of the British gov ernment relative to slavery in Texas. He frankly asserted that, as the whole ^ world must know, Great Britain desired, and was constantly exerting herself to procure, the general abolition of slavery throughout the world”; but he disavowed any “occult design” in seeking to influence either Texas or Mex ico. Calhoun, who had taken Upshur’s place, wrote to Pakenham expressing concern at the avowal of England’s attitude towards slavery “throughout the world,” and especially at the acknowledgment of her desire to abolish slavery in Texas. He sought to show how disastrous the accomplishment of this desire would be to the interests of the United States, and to prove by statistics dealing with the relative number of negro defectives in the free and slave-holding states that the policy of abolition would be “neither humane nor wise.” Calhoun finally closed the correspondence with the statement that the United States would shun no fairly imputed responsibility of an nexation. The terms of the treaty were less favorable than Texas might have de sired. It provided that Texas be annexed to the United States as one of its territories, “subject to the same constitutional provisions with their other territories.” This, of course, would have left it possible for Congress to prohibit slavery in the whole or a part of Texas, or to make an anti-slavery

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constitution a condition of statehood. The most important of the other pro visions were that Texas surrender its public lands, and that the United States should assume the Texan indebtedness to an amount not exceeding ten million dollars. The treaty was signed April 12, 1844, and ten days later it was trans mitted to the Senate with a message from Tyler strongly urging its adoption. The negotiations had been conducted with great secrecy, but finally leaked out through a New York newspaper through the agency of Senator Tappan of Ohio, The injunction of secrecy being removed, twenty thousand copies of the treaty and documents transmitted therewith were ordered to be printed for the use of the Senate. The vote was taken June 8, 1844. In the meantime Clay and Van Buren had come out against annexation; the Whig and Democratic conven tions had been held; Clay had been nominated for the presidency by the Whigs and Polk by the Democrats; and the annexation of Texas had been made a plank of the Democratic platform. There was a soreness over the leaving out of Van Buren by the convention at Baltimore, and for this or other reasons eight of the Democrats broke ranks when the vote occurred. Ilannigan from Indiana declined to vote, and absented himself when the vote was taken ; it stood, therefore, 16 ayes to 35 noes. The election of 1844 made it evident that the Texas question had not been settled by the failure of the treaty. On Monday, June 10, the presi dent transmitted to the House the treaty rejected on Saturday, June 8, with a message and papers including not only those which had been made public by the Senate, but others which it still held secret. After long debate both houses voted for annexation. Tyler dispatched a messenger to Texas at once with the offer of annexation. The English government continued its efforts to prevent annexation, and they were now made less difficult by a more conciliatory attitude on the part of Mexico. Finally, through the joint mediation of England and France, the preliminaries of a treaty were signed by the authorities of Texas and Mexico, respectively, on March 29 and May 19, 1845. Mexico was to recognize the independence of Texas, on condition that Texas should pledge herself to give up annexation. It was annexation that Texas wished, and the news of the resolution of Congress offering it was received by the Texans with a wild outburst of joy. A paper published at Houston declared that “the news of the victorious battle of San Jacinto scarcely excited such general and enthusiastic rejoicing.” President Jones called a session of the Texan congress and a convention to pass on the offer. Congress met June 16, and the convention July 4. There was no hesitation over the alternatives to be considered; the treaty with Mexico was rejected and annexation accepted by action that was unanimous in both cases, except for the vote of a single delegate of the convention. The question was then submitted to the people, who on October 13 ratified the act of the convention, with only a few dissenting votes. Nothing further was needed for the consummation of the policy except

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BLACK AND RED.

the admission of Texas into the Union as a state. This was recommended by President Polk in his annual message at the opening of the first session of the twenty-ninth Congress, and a resolution for the purpose was promptly introduced. A determined effort was made by the opposition in the House, but the fight was hopeless. The resolution was adopted in both houses, and signed by President Polk on Dec. 29 and the state government of Texas was formally installed on February 19, 1846. The expansion impulse had finally overcome the friction due to slavery, and the constitution which Texas submitted for the approval of Congress simply followed that already exist ing in the republic in recognizing and protecting the “peculiar institution.” H. C. K., 11.

THROUGH THE FIRE. It was three o’clock in the morning when Ralph Jenks, the telegrapher of Pine City, grumblingly unlocked the door of his office. “Just my luck, here I have to get up every morning at half past two for a train that most likely won’t stop anyway.” He entered the small room, lit the smoky lamp and continued, "It wasn t so bad at first, but four years of this is enough for anybody, certainly for me. There’s Hughes at the next station, he stuck there only for eight months tili he had a raise. And to judge by the messages he sent he was at least as green as I. That was the train, I believe.” He went out on the platform to see the train pass, for it rarely stopped at the lumber camp during summer. But this time it did stop and left a party of three men who bore an air of city life. After the train had pulled out, they approached Ralph and asked, “Where can we get a rig out to the Lauder timber claims ?” “You might be able to drum some one out of bed over at the saloon, but you will have to pay for it, and pay heavily, too.” With these words Ralph left them and went to his boarding-house to get a few more hours of sleep. At noon he was again at the station, armed with fishing-rod and tackle. Tim, to whom he had directed the party in the morning, was lounging near-by. Ralph asked him if he had found out who the men were. “One of them was the owner of the Lauder timber claims. It seems as if he became nervous about the forest fires out west and wanted to sell out to the two chaps with him. I’m to call for them later in the after noon, and they want you to flag the 6:47 for them. Don’t forget!” Ralph nodded and, following the tracks, made his way to the railroad bridge. Then he walked along the banks of the creek till lie came to a deep pool. Here he threw down his fishing-tackle and prepared for an afternoon of sport. As the creek had become unusually shallow during the long drought, most of the fish had gathered in this pool, and the sport was

BLACK AND RED.

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unusually good. It was, therefore, almost supper time when Ralph took apart his rod, picked up the heavy string of fish and commenced the return journey. He was slowly mounting to the top of a hill when he caught the smell of smoke. At the same time he saw large clouds of smoke rolling up behind the little village. He immediately surmised that one of the dreaded forest fires of the Northwest had broken out. He quickened his pace to a run and soon arrived at the village. Here lie came upon a scene of confusion. On every hand the villagers could be seen fleeing for their lives. Among them was Tim. “I guess you won’t have to stop the train for those city dudes,” he said. “It was they who started this. They arc on the other side of the fire, safe and sound. I’d be there too, if it wasn’t for the wife and children. You’d better come along, it won’t be long till the fire gets here.” The last part of this speech was lost on Ralph, for he was thinking of the Overland, due in less than an hour. By that time the bridge, which was even now being attacked by the flames, would be destroyed, and then nothing could save the train from plunging into the ravine. The train must be warned at all costs. With these thoughts uppermost in his mind he dashed into the office, put his telegraph into the circuit and immediately began calling for the next station. “Dash dot dot, dot dash dot,” he signalled, and, as he received no answer, he repeated the call time and again, pausing occasionally to listen for an answer. But although he was almost in despair, he received no answer ing click from the instrument. A glance out of the window told him that the bridge, already tottering, would break down in a few minutes and carry the wires with it, thus cutting him off from communication with the station further on. Once more he tried the signal—“I, I, I," answered the instrument. Rapidly he began to tick off the warning sentences, “Bridge on fire. Stop train.” As he finished the message, however, he noticed that the instrument was dead, and the electric current no longer flowed through the wires. The bridge had fallen. Ralph left the little building and mechanically locked the door. As he looked about, he saw that the flames had already encircled the entire village and that even the roof of the little depot was beginning to burn from the glowing embers which were being showered upon it. Then he realized that his only hope for escape lay in taking to the creek. He muffled his head in his coat and ran to the place where the bridge stood. Here hot ashes and burning logs lay roundabout, all but blocking his passage. By a quick dash he managed to reach the creek, where he extinguished the fire on his clothes by thoroughly soaking them. He soon realized, however, that the shallow stream, not even deep enough to cover his body, would not suffice to protect him from the flames, which were growing fiercer every minute. Therefore he slowly crawled down-stream, frequently rolling around in the water to keep thoroughly wet, until he finally reached the pool where he had been so successful in angling but a few hours previous.

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Two days later a rescue party, coming while the ashes were still hot, found him there in the last stages of exhaustion. They took him to the relief train which conveyed him to a hospital, where he lay for days between life and death. Three weeks later, when the doctor had pronounced him strong enough to sit up, the nurse brought him a letter in which the president of the company personally thanked him for “the invaluable service which he had rendered the company.” and forwarded the long-deserved promotion.

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THE ORIGIN OF THANKSGIVING. Again we as a Christian nation find ourselves looking forward to the celebration of a national holiday, that is Thanksgiving. But why do we celebrate Thanksgiving ? The celebration of this day was suggested by the Hebrew feast of tabernacles, or feast of ingathering, which took place at the end of the year. The feast of tabernacles was originally set down to be an occasion for thanksgiving after the harvest had been gathered in, and to remind the Israelites that their fathers had lived in tents in the wilderness. The word feast is expressive of what we should term the pleasures of the table, or the practice of hospitality. It was, however, not only a day where pleasures of the table were enjoyed, but also a religious festival in recognition of special mercies or of the bounties of the field and stable. The occasional observance of a day for thanksgiving was not unusual in Europe; for we find that as early as 1572 such a day was observed in Leyden, Holland, that being the first anniversary of the deliverance of that city from siege. Later the Pilgrims, who had been exiled from England and had taken refuge in Holland till 1620, learned to observe such a day for thanksgiving. For we hear that in 1621, after the colonists at Plymouth had gathered in their first harvest, Governor Bradford sent four men out fowling that they “might after a more special manner rejoice together.” Thus early in the history of our country does our good friend the turkey make his appearance, for at that time game was plentiful, and no doubt the hunters were successful in their quest and returned struggling under a burden of wild fowl, mostly turkey. Two years later a day of fasting and praying was appointed on account of the great drought, but while they were praying rain came and the governor appointed a day of thanksgiving, and it was observed with religious services. In 1631 a day of fasting was changed into a day of thanksgiving in Charlestown on account of the arrival of ships from Ireland. Again in 1632 Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts Bay Colony, recommended a day of thanksgiving on account of the favorable action of the British council towards the colonies. In the time of the early settlers more than one day in the same year was appointed. Such days were rec ommended after the arrival of ships laden with provisions and new colonists;

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but mostly after the harvest and these took place in autumn and even in early winter. During- the revolution Thanksgiving day was recommended by con gress, and it was called a national institution. But it was not celebrated annually, for we hear that after the thanksgiving for peace in 1784 there was no appointment till 1789. Washington set aside a. day in honor of the adoption of the constitution. New England ranked first in having regular annual proclamations issued and in observing the day with religious services and in making it the principal home and social festival during the year. President Lincoln issued a proclamation recommending a special thanksgiving for the victory in 1863, and since that time it has been a national institution. Proclamations have been issued annually by the presi dent, the governors of the various states and the mayors of the principal cities. But why do we celebrate Thanksgiving on the last Thursday in Novem ber? We hear that the feast of tabernacles took place at the end of the year, in September or October, and that the Plymouth colony celebrated such a day in July and that President Madison recommended Thanksgiving in April. There is no special reason why we celebrate Thanksgiving on the last Thursday in November, but it is now a custom that can’t well be changed. F. A. R., ’12.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Mosthly by (he Stsdents ef (he Norihwesiern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, M I BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, Ml PAUL FROEHLKE, '12

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, Ml HENRY HEISE, Ml WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, M 1 WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from nlunuil and nndorprradunteR. All itorary matter should be addressed to tbo Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payabloln advance. Siufc.o copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify us if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is received and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postolllco of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

SELF-RELIANCE. Often we can hear a student say, “It is simply impossible for me to do everything that is required of me.” To him Mirabeau would have said as he once said to his secretary, “Impossible! Never name to me again that blockhead of a word.” The purport of this admonition was that the sec retary should be self-reliant. Self-reliance is a grand element of one’s character. Without it there would have been no Olympic crowns, no Isthmian laurels won. A football team that goes into a game with knocking knees and sees nothing but defeat ahead will generally suffer defeat. However, a team, no matter how often defeated, that still believes in victory can and will earn a reward. A student who is cowed by the mere amount of work assigned to him will make a miserable failure of his college career. He is the student of cyclopaedias, notes, and handbooks, never knows anything positively, and when all external supports have been taken away, he is utterly helpless. Ask him for information, and he will answer you, “Let me see—I’ll look it up.” A student who lacks confidence we may liken to an eagle with clipped J

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wings. The power to soar, the boldness and the hardihood which was content to brave the thunder-cloud and build its eyrie on the rock, and the proud triumph of rising above its kind, has been taken from him—the eagle is as helpless as a small sparrow. And you are helpless without con fidence. A lack of self-reliance, of firmness of purpose, will make you the puppet of your environment and the slave of circumstance. On the other hand, a student who learns and solves every difficult lesson and intricate problem unaided has conquered himself and is inspired with confidence for new victories. As a rule, only such men have accomplished great things who have been bold, aggressive, and self-reliant. Where there is true self-reliance, we find humility and modesty its true associates. We must strive to attain these two beautiful traits. But let no one discourage self-reliance. It has often been called a fault, but selfreliance is often far less dangerous in its tendency than a timid self-distrust and a craven self-depreciation.

£ a 3 5R c f o r m a t i o it 3 f c ft. S'u protcftanlifdjcn, unb borudjmlidj in lutfierifdjeit ftreifen i|"t mieberum ba§ fftcforitiattonSfcft flefeiert morben. Mgenteitt tnirb moljl aitgenommeit, bag Snifter mi biefcm Togo, alio ant 31. DftoBer 1517, fid) formlidj bon ber fatfto* Itfdjett &irdjc Io.Sgcfagt Italic, iitbcm cr feine 95 Tftefen beroffent!id)te. 35ie§ iff FcittcSmeg? ber RaK; bcitit menu mir bic 95 Xftcjen lefen, fo feften mir, baft 2u* titer iiur bcu SMiftBraudj be? HfilaffcS tabclt, foitft after in siemlid) aflat ©tiiden bic romifdjc .ftirdjo itnb bic Ofterftoftcit be? âftfle? anerfannte. Sutfter ift erft aflmaftlid), ititb ^rnar burdj ba? Scfeit ber ©d)rift mtb audj burdj ba§ SSerâlteit feiner ©cgner 3m* ©rfenntitiS gefomnteit, bag Sftom miber ©ottc? 3Bort leftre, uub ber iRabft felBft ber maftre $fntidjrift fei. 3ur bofleit ©rfemthti? feiner ©cfdjie* bcitftcit bott ber fatftolifdjen birdie fam er erft attf ber Seip3tger ^Disputation, mo cr fret Befauitte, baft ciit &on3iI, alfo bic ftodjfte Sfutoritcit ber Fatftolifdjen ®irdje, irrcit Fonite, uub baft mtr ©ottc? 28ort feft unb unumftoftlicfj baftefte. SDennocft feiert man mit Sftedjt ba§ SfteformaiionSfeft am 31. OftoBer, benn bic jammer* fdjlcige, mit benen Sutler bie Xftefen an bie (sdjloftFirdje 3U SBittenfterg fcftlug, ermecFten burdj iftr Sroftncu gemiffermaften bie gauge ©ftriftenfteit, baft fie ein* ntal iftr Slugeitnter! fdjarf auf ba? Xreifteit 311 SRont ridjtete. 3?iir Sutler felBft mar biefe Xat ciit Sfnloft git nteftreren 5)i?putationen, bie iftn immer meftr in bie êilige ©djrift unb baburdj 3itr GsrFeitntniS ber maftren, fdjriftgemaften Seftre trieBen.

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HALLOWE’EN. Hallowe’en, or the eve preceding All Saints’ Day, is with us anything but a hallowed evening. But it was not always thus. The early Christians believed that on that evening the blessed spirits were permitted to revisit the earth and join with their loved ones in the sacred services of the day. The services in honor of these spirits were the holiest ceremony known to the ancient church. Later on the idea of a service for the spirits became confused with the dread of evil spirits and for centuries, especially in Scot land, the mischievous spirits and goblins were supposed to be extraordinarily active in thwarting man’s designs and playing tricks on him in that night. . In our wild extravagances we merely burlesque the antics of these errant spirits of a superstitious age which again had displaced the blessed spirits of more religious ages. Today Hallowe’en, the sacred festival of our forbears, has developed into a huge joke. But can we say that it is a tendency of our age to reduce everything sacred and holy to the ridiculous ? Most people do not know the origin of the day, and if they do, are inured by usage against any twinges of conscience of thus celebrating an ancient religious festival. That things are overdone is our tendency and need not rob Hallowe’en of its fun, for gener ally it is a day of harmless and innocent amusement. It is of interest that to a great extent the games and pranks of our Hal lowe’en originated in the sacred observance or superstitious dread of former days; what to us is the occasion of sport and hilarity was to the folk of past ages a cause of religious reverence or of quaking knees and bated breath.

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AN APOLOGY.

Through careless following of the corrected proofs, a number of typo graphical mistakes occurred in the poem, “In the Cemetery Adjacent to Old Northwestern,” published in the last number of the Black and Red, viz: I., stanza 4, verse 3, should read, “Or as lovers haunt the places,” II., stanza 1, verse 3, should read, “Like on old and dear acquaintance” II., stanza 3, verse 2, should read, “With him youth’s associate” II., stanza 4, verse 8, should read, “For meanest of hire!” III., stanza 1, verse 1, should read, “True! The chip is but an instance” III., stanza 1, verse 7, should read “The Sun and the Seasons” III., stanza 5, verse 4, should read, “Woman’s seed”—was crucified!—■” III., stanza 9, verse 1, should read, “Glad at heart I turned from grave-yard.’ An apology is also due to the author for having run his poem together with a college song. The signature”—78, Milw., Apr. 15, TO” should have followed the last stanza on page 138. Ed.-in-Chief.

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C©LLE(033E TOTES THE REV. SPRENGLING ACCEPTS CALL. Nov. 1st the Rev. M. Sprengling of Chicago, 111., called on President Ernst to state that he would accept the call which the board had tendered him several weeks previously. He will probably assume his duties by the beginning of the next month. He is well known to most of the students, as he delivered a most interesting lecture on Palestine last year in our chapel, which was printed in a previous number of the Black and Red. Dr. Abbetmever of Concordia College, St. Paul, Minn., has not yet sent an answer to his call, as he must first consult the board of that institution. But it is to be hoped that he will soon send a favorable answer. Mr. Probst and Mr. Sitz, who were temporarily filling the vacant posi tions, were recently relieved by Mr. P. Bergmann, ’09, and Mr. E. Berg, ’10, and returned to the Seminary.

THE ORCHESTRA. Probably it will interest those whose musical cords are still in harmony to know how the orchestra of this year is prospering. With the loss of Limpert, Schoenike and Schumacher, violins; Oerding, flute, and Zuberbier, cornet, the orchestra has been left in a poor condition. Nevertheless these vacancies have been well filled. In the first few rehearsals, the boys showed great interest, and in this way only can an organization exist. Let us hope that the boys will continue their good work and, with the able directorship of Prof. Kuhn, help to make this a successful year. The members are the following: First violin—Carl Kluender, president; Arthur Hanke, secretary and treasurer; George Schroeder, Imanuel Schroeder, Carl Hudel. Second violin—Walter Reinemann, Gerhardt Kehrberg, Theodore Gainm, Otto Pluedemann, Walter Keibel, (viola) (libr.); Fred Schweppe, (cello); E. Reim, (cello); Louis Maas, (bass); Leo Koeninger, (bass); Walter Wente, (first cornet) ; Paul Lutzke, (second cornet) ; Reinhold Fenske, (trombone) ; Harry Huth, (trombone) ; Arthur Tacke, (French horn) ; Gott. Schlei, (first clarinet) (vice-president) ; Rupert Bartz, (second clarinet) ; Fred Hoppe, (flute); Herman Pankow, (oboe); Walter Pankow (bells). C. K.

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BAND NOTES. When the band assembled for the first rehearsal this year, many students entertained the opinion that Northwesternâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s band would not be one of the mainstays of the institution as formerly. But under the circumstances N. W. U. will have as good a band as ever, if the individuals practice as diligently throughout the year as they are doing at present. The cornet and baritone section, although deprived of several men, was soon made as strong as before, Mahnke, president, and Schmechel being the backbone of the latter, while Wente and Heise take the lead in the former. The loss of Oerding, one of the solo clarinetists, was felt, but our able director has also managed to fill that vacancy. The basses, tenor and alto sections are fully as strong as that of last year. But one instrument is without its player, i. e., the bass drum. President Mahnke has been trying faithfully to secure an able man for this instrument, but so far his attempts to do so have proved fruitless. W. Pankow is at present favoring the band in taking charge of the drum, but as he does not intend to do so permanently, the president is at a loss what to do. In the next article on band news we hope to state that a student has been found to play the drum during the year, or if possible, for several years. The band has had regular rehearsals for several weeks, and doubtless no student will be disinclined to say that Northwestern will again have a band G. S. this year that can cope with any college band in the west.

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RECENT ELECTIONS. At a recent meeting of the student body A. Berg, the former chief of the fire brigade, resigned his position. After some deliberation J. Ruege was unanimously elected to succeed him. At a subsequent meeting the business of electing a baseball manager and his assistant was brought before the house. The candidates named for the position were H. Heise, W. Reinemann, J. Masch, and F. Reier. J. Masch was elected manager and W. Reinemann assistant manager for the 1911 season.

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PE MEBOS ÂŠMOTBlUlj PORTUGAL A REPUBLIC. Portugal, for many years a kingdom, has thrown off its monarchical regime, and now is a republic. The kingdom had its beginning in the year 1139 A. D., when Alfonso of Burgundy defeated the Moors in the battle of Ourique. In the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century, Portugal stood forth as one of the foremost powers of Europe, but since the reign of Sebastian, who fell in 1578 at Alkassar in a battle with the Moors, its decline began. In 1580 Portugal was conquered by the Spaniards, and for sixty years it was terribly oppressed by them. It was freed in 1640 from the Spanish tyranny in a conspiracy of the nobility under John, Duke of Braganza. The house of Braganza has ever since reigned, but Portugal has never regained its former prestige. The yoke of clerical tyranny has held the people down, and it has long been known that the dynasty was threatened. On October 5, 1910. the fatal blow came. The Revolutionists had long been waiting to strike, and when Dr. Minguel Bomborda, a prominent republican politician, was murdered by a royalist officer, the opportune moment was at hand. The people were incited against the monarch by this murder, and with aid of a large part of the army and navy the reigning house was removed in a brief struggle. A new republic was born! As provisional president of the new government Senhor Theopile Braga was everywhere acclaimed. He is the son of a Lisbon doctor, and was born on an island of the Azores group in 1843. In 1872 he was appointed professor of Portuguese literature in the Curso Superior de Latros, or High Literary College, in Lisbon. Through his writings (having pubÂ lished 130 volumes) he became famous, but not wealthy. It is probable that Dr. Bernadino Machado, present minister of foreign affairs, will be the next president, as Senhor Braga is more a man of thought than of action. President Braga, however, has chosen an excellent cabinet. The policy of the provisional republican government of Portugal includes: universal suffrage, separation of church and state, expulsion of all members of religious communities, and education for all classes of people. So far the government has promptly carried out its programme, but whether a strong republic will take the place of a weak monarchy the future only can tell.

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ATHLEIECS NORTHWESTERN, 18;

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ST. JOHN’S, 6.

With a team crippled by the absence of Schweppe and Mahnke, the regular halfbacks, Northwestern defeated St. John’s Military Academy of Delafield by a score of 18 to 6. It was the first time in five years that the Delafield boys met Northwestern on the gridiron. The locals were out weighed but had things their own way until the last quarter, when St. John’s did some fast and fine playing. Capt. Berg was easily the star, by his reckless plunging and safe tackling. In the first quarter he made a spectacular run of 40 yards, in the second he made a neat place kick from the 35 yard line. Masch made the first touchdown after two minutes’ play in the second quarter. The second was made by Bruns, running 25 yards after recovering a fumbled punt. Zibell, our crack center, broke through the line, blocked a punt and ran 40 yards for Northwestern’s last touchdown. In the fourth quarter St. John’s played a snappy game. By a series of nicely executed forward passes and some good plunging, which the Black and Red line seemed unable to stop, they pushed Gray over the line for their only score. After that our team braced up and further scoring was made impos sible for St. John’s. Tomson and Gray played the best game for St. John’s, while Capt. Berg, Zibell and Tacke were the stars for Northwestern. St. John’s. Northwestern University. Swenson Reinemann........................ R.E Mueller Hartwig............................. R.T . Mason Ruege................................ R.G Amoler Zibell.................................. C. Van Tilberg Hanke............•................... L.G __ Coombs Tacke................................. L.T ........ Drew Bruns .................................. L.E ........ Gray Masch ... •....................... R.H .......... Colp Koch ................................. L.H ... Nelson Berg .................................. F.B ___Tomson Wietzke................. •.......... Q.B

OSHKOSH, 3;

NORTHWESTERN, 26.

On Oct. 29 the Northwestern football team traveled to Oshkosh, Wis., and defeated the heavy Normalites of that city by a comfortable margin. Although the Black and Red boys were handicapped by the absence of several regulars, there never was a time during the whole game when Northwestern’s superiority over the Oshkosh team was not made manifest. The Normal ites were helpless against the onslaughts of the Northwestern backs, who

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continually shattered a seemingly impregnable defense and very seldom failed to make a gain that added to their credit when they were called upon to carry the ball. They circled the ends for 10 or 30 yards or tore through the line for an equal gain. On the other hand Northwestern’s defense was as determined as its offense. The line charged low and hard, and when Northwestern’s goal was in danger, its line could not be penetrated; it held the opponents every time and often threw them back for a loss. The game opened with a brilliant kickoff by Capt. Berg of North western, the ball going high and far. Oshkosh was forced to punt immediately, and it was Northwestern’s ball on Oshkosh’s 45 yard line. A scries of long end runs, a neatly executed forward pass, and a plunge through the center placed the ball behind the goal line for Northwestern’s first touchdown after two minutes of play. Here the Normalites braced up and displayed wonderful fighting spirit, which kept Northwestern from scoring again during the first and second quarters. In the second half, how ever, Northwestern managed to secure three touchdowns, one of these being the result of a spectacular run of 60 yards by Wietzke. In the third quarter Northwestern also scored a safety. Oshkosh’s score was the result of a field goal in the fourth quarter following a fumble by Northwestern on its own 20 yard line. Besides the spectacular run by Wietzke, the game was featured by the reckless plunging of the Northwestern backfield. E. B.

GYMNASIUM BEING BOOSTED.

Increased interest is being taken in the gathering of the New Gym nasium Fund, to judge from the liberal contributions being received by the committee treasury. Especially gratifying are the returns coming from the “Old Grads,” who are now rallying to the support of their alma mater. In numerous instances, no doubt, personal sacrifices are being made to help along the undertaking. Note the subscriptions to the fund received from the far-away mission fields of Bowdle, South Dakota and Echo, Minnesota. A truly liberal and noble spirit is here being shown when one bears in mind that the foregoing are obliged to assist other necessary enterprises. The question of maintenance and upkeep of the new assembly hall or gym nasium is being considered carefully by the athletic interests. That the de mands of the new structure in this respect will be of minor import can be inferred from the plans, which call for a plain building only slightly exceed ing the dimensions of the present gymnasium. The following former stu dents demand to be placed on Northwestern’s Honor Roll: Dr. Fred. John, Milwaukee, $100.

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E. A. Wurster, Milwaukee, $100. Reinhold Breutzmann, Milwaukee, $50. Mrs. M. Ernst-Phillips, Blacksburg, Va., $50. Gustav Prasser, Milwaukee, $50. A. E. Becker, Ogden, Utah, $25. Mr. Breitlow, La Crosse, $25. Joseph Gebhardt, Milwaukee, $25. Oscar Griebling, Milwaukee, $25. John Jenny, Milwaukee, $25. Richard Siegler, West Salem, $25. William Schuette, Milwaukee, $25. Adolph Hoyer, Princeton, $20. Otto Keller, Bowdle, South Dakota, $15. Christian Sauer, Juneau, $15. W. A. Schwermann, Pinckneyville, 111., $15. L. B. Skinner, Dunedine, Fla., $15. J. H. Ablemann, Hatchville, $10. F. Lucas, Milwaukee, $10. Karl Koehler, Kingston, $10. H. Schwarz, Milwaukee, $10. John Witt, Norfolk, Neb., $10. Theodore Brenner, Newton, $10. F. C. Peters, Ft. Wayne, Ind., $10. John W. Pieper, Echo, Minn., $10. H. Ohde, Whitewater, $10. H. Bergmann, Fond du Lac, $10. W. Mahnke, Newburg, $5. H. Gaebler, Seattle, Wash., $5. E. Walter, Ann Arbor, Mich., $5. E. Ammermann, Menominee, Mich., $5. A. Sydow, Rib Lake, $5. F. Schumann, Sturgeon Bay, $5. John Kuck, Downsville, $5. J. Mittelstaedt, West Salem, $5. A. Pape, Manitowoc, $3. G. Hinnenthal, $2.50. G. Ziegler, $2. C. Siegler, $2. W. Reim, $2. H. Wicke, $1. K. Meibohm, $2. F. DeWald, $2. H. Schoeneck, $1.

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$roiofoff bcr Icijtcn ©ibmtg beg Stltunnibcreing. Sim 21. guni 1910, alfo, toie getoobntid), am Stftugtage berfammette fid) bcr Sttumntoerein 3U fciner jdbrlidjeit ©ibuttg, bie bon bcm neuen $rafibenten beg Sereing, ^Saftor 3B. §utb/ eroffnet luurbe. 3>a ber ©efretar, ^Saftor (S. ©aucr, nidjt gugegen feiu fonnte, tourbe ber Itnteracidjnete 3um ©efretar t>ro. temp. ettociblt. Stnmefenb maren folgenbc 9SitgIieber: St. Senbler 78, #. 93raitbt 79, SB. £utt) ’81, 9?. ©iegter ’81, $. Gbert ’84, S. 9?aber ’84, @. 93er« gemaiut ’85, $. 3nut$ ’85, g. $. Ott ’85, SB. #onede ’89, ©. §onetfe ’90, Sirtfjur formalin ’90, g. ©djumaun ’90, g. 9ftct)er ’93, Siinger ’94, §. ®odj ’94, St. $M)it ’95, 21. ©rnft ’00, St. Seberer ’00, $. SWoitffa ’00, (£. 95. ©flit ter ’00, ©. Sebelc ’02, 2(. ©djutb ’02, £). Gmtft ’02, 9S. 9taafdj ’03, 2t. ©tjboto ’03, (£. $Pb* SDornfelb ’04, g. Stbefmann ’05, 91. Omen ’05, St. (£itftnann ’06, St. ©aucr ’06, SRa; $enfel ’07, St). ©djoeme ’07, g. ©tern ’07, D. £enfet ’08, $. tfod) ’09. StlS ncue 9RitgIiebcr murbcit aufgenommen bie biegjdbrigen Stbituriertten be§ ©omnafiuntg unb bcr Stfabemie. Sttg (55cifte murben mittfornmen gebeijjen Sircftor ©dialler uttb bie âftoren SBcilaitb, Sommenfeit unb St. ®oenede. §ierauf tjictt bcr Sorfibcnbc cine Stnfpradje, in ber er ben herein aufforbertc, fid) mit bcr grage 3it befaffen, raag unfreefeitg gcfdjcben Fonne, bamit bie Stnftalt in ben ©tonb gefetjt merbe, ben Stnforberungen ber (Scgenmart immer metjr geredjt 311 Jpcrbcn. tfadjbem man ben bom ©djatjmeiffer g. ®. Ott borgelegten ®affenberidjt, bcr dufjerft giinftig Iautctc, aitgebort battc, murbe 3«r ^riifung beg 23erid)teg eitt STomitec ernannt. bag fid) aug ben s$aftoren Stinger unb £). $onctfe 3ufammenfetjte. Gin Seif beg &nffenubcrfd)iiffeg ($150) foil, io tautetc ein Sefdjtufc, bcr Stnftattgbibtiotbef 3U gutc Fommcit unb fiir bie Stnfdjaffung roifTeufcâftlidêr SBcrFc Dertucmbt merben. @S fotgten Scridjte St. formating, ber fiir Sortrage unb Strtifct fiir „Stacf anb 9teb" 311 forgeu tjatte, unb St. -Shtfjng, ber afg ©bro* nift an bag im Saufe beg gat)reg erfolgte Stbleben eiiteg ber dtteften 9)?itglieber, beg Srdfeg ©djrbbct, erinnerie, mobci er 3ugteidj auf ben bon ibm berfa&ten aug* fiibrlidjen Sefrotog in ber guntitummer beg „23Iad anb 9?eb" binmieg. SDer Serein et)ric bag Stnbcnfcn beg Serftorbenen burdj Stuffteben unb bcfdjtofc, burd) ben ©efretar ein Seiteibfdjreiben ait bie întcrbliebenen 311 rid)ten. S)er Ct)ronift untertiefe itid)t, barauf aufmerffam 3U madjett, baft bie Piaffe bon ’85 ifjr 25fdt)rigeg gubitaum feiere, unb fobaitn Foufiatierte er, ban bie biegjdbrigeStbi* turientenffaffc ben 9?uf)tu T)at, bie grdfete 3U fein in ber ©efdjidjie ber Stnftatt. W^°6 mii bcr Semerfitttg, bafe jebc Summer beg „Stad anb 9?eb", mag noc^ nie borgefommen fei, Scitrdgc ber Sttumnen gcbrac^t babe, unb fdjrieb bieg ber STttigfeit beg aug St. .ôrmaitit beftebenben „titerarifd>en ômiteg" 311, morauf ber Sorfibenbe biefem 9)?itgliebe im Stamen beg Sereing bcr3ticb banfte. giir ben ©tiidmunfd), ben ber Sorfibenbe ber Piaffe beg gabreg ’85 augfbradj, banfte @. Sergemann, bod) bietten aud) feme Îaffengenoffett g. Dtt, §. ^nutb, ©bert unb S. Saber fur3e Stufbradjen. Stlg 9tebner bei ber biegmatigeu 3ufcmi* menfunft rnarett bie 9)?itglicber 9t. Omen unb St. £. âafe gemonneu morbett, bod) mufcte Iebterer, ba i't;n Stmtgpflidjten feritbielten, abfagett. Satpb ©men,

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ber nun ba§ SSort ergriff, berbreitete fid) fiber ba3 Sterna „3?ibe ?Jear§ in 2Bi§confin @<fjooI§" tmb erotete ffir feme SCuSfiifirungcn ben SDanf be§ SBereittS. S)aS âffenberid)t§-ômitee mclbete, bafe ber 33cridjt ridjtig bcfunben tourbe, bafe bie âffe bie ©umme bon $269.59 entljalte. (S3 tmtrbe befdjloffen, bafe 51. $ormann 6 SGcretnSmitglieber ernennen foil, bon bcnen jebc§ ffir bie nndjfte ©ifcung eine SSCrbcit fiber ba§ bon bem SBorfifeenbcn angeregte SEicnta 3u Iiefent bat, mtb $mcir foE bie OTCjanblung bie Sabi bon 500 SBortern iiidjt fiber fcfjreiten. îerauf erfolgte SSertagung. (S. S3. © d) I u e t c r, ©efretar pro temp.

ALUMNI PERSONALS. Harvard University has become the rendezvous of a number of alumni of our institution since the commencement of the scholastic year. Among those who have taken up post-graduate work at Cambridge are Dr. Ernst Eckelmann, ’97, Rudolph H. Ernst, ’04, and Ralph Owen, ’05. H. Guenterberg, ’10 Ac., is employed in the general offices of the Federal Rubber Company of Milwaukee. W. Voigt, ’10 Ac., has accepted a position as assistant in the offices of the Gallun Tanning Company, one of the large corporations located in the state’s metropolis. Malcom White, TO, who temporarily filled one of the instructorships at our college, has entered the school of commerce of the University of Wis consin and expects later to enter the banking world. Dr. William Notz delivered a lecture on the excavations in Babylon before a large audience in the auditorium at Milwaukee. This lecture was the first of a series to be held under the auspices of the Milwaukee Lutheran High school. Teacher A. Schauer of Weyauwega, a student of our institution when the teachers’ seminary was still combined with the college, and the organizer of the N. W. U. Military company, received a call from the St. Mark's congregation of this city. Otto Treide, ’09, is at present at the head of the languages and history department at the Rock River Military academy of Dixon, 111. , Phillip Koehler, ’09, and H. Harting of the class of 1910, spent jj^t^t^everal days in Watertown from Nov. 4 on, and at the same time visited old friends at their Alma Mater. Raymond Huth, Ac. TO, who found employment in Green Bay soon after his graduation, was a visitor at the N. W. U. on Nov. 5. He is staying at his home in Hustisford at present. Dr. K. Abbetmeyer, ’88, of St. Paul visited Pres. A. F. Ernst on Nov. 5.

BLACK AND RED.

166

A BEQUEST TO ENDOWMENT FUND. Another member of Grace Lutheran Church of Milwaukee, being the fourth, remembered our institution when drawing her last will and testa ment. Mrs. Auguste Vogel, one of the oldest members of the above parish, passed away on the fifteenth of October. She was very much interested in charity work and always contributed liberally to the support of the suffering. Besides assisting other Lutheran institutions she bequeathed the sum of five hundred dollars to the endowment fund of Northwestern. Her noble deeds will ever be remembered, especially by those who will directly benefit by her generosity. This bequest brings the endowment fund well above fifty thousand dol lars, including the Fanny P. Lewis Fund for the maintenance of scholar ships.

After an absence of several months The Spectator (Columbus, Ohio), again put in an appearance. We immediately classed it among our best exchanges. The first article, ‘‘The Hero of the Reformation,” claims special attention and interest. It is a cursory sketch of Luther’s life and achievements. The author failed to mention the disputation at Leipzig, however, where Luther broke entirely with the Roman church and founded all his teachings on the bible. This event is too important to be omitted. The five remaining articles arc all interesting and carefully worked-out productions. Editorials and the exchange column are also carefully attended to. Is it necessary to fill up space in the middle of a paper with ads? We think it entirely out of place. Royal Purple, your literary column of the September number is very weak, hardly worth mentioning. The arrangement of matter in your paper is also strange. You have two columns for Alumni.Notes, one in the space for literary production, the other where it ought to be. Ath letics are deemed worthy a place before editorials, while the names of the class of 1910 constitute the third number in the literary column. This makes a bad impression. The editorials alone are very satisfactory, in quantity and quality. Editors who have the ability to write such editorials are able to put up a better paper than this number. The Black and Gold, from Decatur, Texas, a new arrival, satisfies us with the quantity of its contents, but not with the quality by far. The only article deserving favorable mention, “In the Hands of Friends,” has been woefully misplaced, seeming in fact to belong to the joke column instead of literature. “Kindness Rewarded” gives one a vague, empty feeling, as if by far the greater part of the story had been omitted through a printer’s mistake.

167

BLACK AND RED.

We enjoyed the effort of poetry and the editorials are straightforward and to the point. You can improve your paper very much by inserting an ex-, change column. Else what is the sense of exchanging with other colleges? The September Dome Owl shows a great deal of spirit and push in the work of both editors and all other students. The wholesome advice to new students and the friendliness towards all speaks well for the whole school. The literary department isn’t very strong, but affords pleasant reading at the least. The football story, even with the ever-recurring plot of unexpected achievements of a hitherto obscure player of the sidelines, did not fail to interest us. As this is the first number, we hope to see a consid erable increase in the size of your paper. A staff of thirteen members can, and ought to, do more. The second half of the exchange column in The Spectator (Coffeyville High School)- is more unique than useful. It is written in the form of a conversation between certain exchanges. But as the remarks made are mainly slurs and sarcastic comments, they will hardly have the effect of bettering other papers. The first half of the column is a jumble of criticisms of other papers on your 1910 annual and your own criticisms. You might have inserted some dividing line. The article on Kipling in the literary column is fluently and well written. Your editorials are also well put up. The Lilliputian, Canton, N. Y., is a very neat and well-balanced paper, and we wish to accept you as a regular exchange. The literary column would be more complete if it had an essay or two besides the stories. Don’t you think that editorials deserve a place before locals, which are really of minor importance? Otherwise the arrangement of your paper is good and the quality very fair. Your collection of jokes is so good that we only won der why you don’t allow them a column for themselves.

LOCALS On Oct. 8, the Rev. Wm. Uffenbeck stopped on his way to Chicago to see son Carl, prep. On Oct. 13, E. Quehl, ’13, received a call from his brother-in-law, Mr. Theo. Mueller from Milwaukee. On Oct. 15, P. Lutzke, prep., was at his home in Beaver Dam. On Oct. 15, E. Quehl, T3, was the welcome guest of his sister, Mrs. Theo. Mueller of Milwaukee, it being the occasion of her birthday. On Oct. 16, W. Petri, prep., enjoyed a call from his mother, Mrs. J. A. Petri of Arlington, Wis., and his aunt, Miss M. Lauersdorf of Chicago. On Oct. 16, A. Winter, Acc., was in Columbus on a visit with relatives. On Oct. 21, G. Schroeder was at his home in Milwaukee.

BLACK AND RED.

168

On Oct. 22, Art. Block came down from Fond du Lac to spend the day with his brother William, prep. On Oct. 22, Mr. Henry Wicke, the parochial school teacher of Helenville, called on his friend Otto Toepel, ’12. On Oct. 22, the Messrs. S. Duin of Waukesha, F. Schultz of Colum bus, and A. Maas of Lake Mills, called on friends at this institution. On Oct. 23, E. A. Sitz, ’14, accompanied his mother, who was a Watertown visitor, to Kenosha, where they were the guests of relatives. W. Keibel, ’13, received a call from his father, Rev. A. Keibel, on Oct. 14 and from his mother on Oct. 23. On Oct. 26, G. Kehrbcrg, prep., was in Milwaukee to consult an oculist. On Oct. 26, M. Wehausen was invited to his home in Manitowoc to be present at the dedication of the new church. On Oct. 28, Louis Krubsack of Fond du Lac was the visitor of his brother Joseph, ’ll. On Oct. 26, C. Uffcnbeck, prep.; M. Pipkorn, prep.; H. Stern, prep.; walked to Richwood, and were entertained by Mr. F. McCall of that place. Joe Krubsack. ’ll, was at Lebanon, his former home, on a short stay with relatives on Oct. 29. On Oct. 29, L. Baganz arrived from Wauwatosa and spent a few days with friends. On Oct. 29, Drowatzky, prep., attended the diamond wedding of Mr. and Mrs. C. Uttccli of Lebanon. While in Oshkosh with the football squad, the left tackle, A. Tacke, and J. Masch, the left end, took advantage of visiting the former’s parents of that place. On Oct. 31, Otto E. Dahlman of Cambria, a former academic student, visited N. W. U. Mr. Dahlman is at present teaching school at Cambria.

Cut the comedy! That is bicycling some! Look for some odder place! Prof: Sie sind aus der Konstruktion gefalien. Neighbor: Did the fall hurt you? Pol-ch-k (In Latin): To what congregation (conjugation) does postulavit belong? Z.: Give me your hand. E.: No, but I will lend it to you. Quintaner (Looking for the place in reading) : Where are we? Neighbor: Keep still, we are in the classroom. Prof.: Chr., wo haben sie es denn bemerkt, dass ihre Muetzc abhanden gekommen war? Chr.: Als ich heim kam. Prof.: What do you do when you subtract fractions? E-ckh-ff.: You must add. Prof.: Was fuer ein Sinnbild sieht man in fast jedem Gerichtshaus ? Wa-sh: Ein Schwert in einer Hand und eine Wiege in der andern. Prof.: Was heiszt: Labor discipulum delectabat? Wâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;r: Das Arbeit erfreute der Schueler. Prof.: What is curious about Saturn ? K-hn: It has suns of its own. Prof.: Define manuscript from the Latin manus and scriptum. K-p-nk: Mannis Schrift.

BLACK AND RED.

170

Qu-nt: Sie wunderten sich ueber Telephon (Telemach). Dr.: Nein, die kannten damals noch kein Telephon; das war ein Mann. Prof.: Was ist Baldachin? F-nk: A canopy. R-d: No, something to put over a kitchen table. Prof.: (Reading Caesar): Why did the crowd shout rex, rex? Qu-hl: He was deceived, someone was crying rags, rags. Prof. (To Quintaner): I suppose you know it costs $1.25 in German money (5 marks) for eating in the classroom. Quintaner: I am broke. Fish: Lumber must be cheap now. L-on-rd: Why? What makes you think so? Fish: Because you are carrying a whole forest on your face. K—b-1: Draw two points (He omitted: and connect them) and bisect. Sp—r-ng: Are points divisible ? K—b-l (Defending himself stubbornly): Yes, take for instance swing ing doors. Shu ft I: We ought to have turpentine put in this bread. Tubby: Why? Shuft I: To kill the cockroaches. Sextaner (watching a scpiirrel with an acorn in his cheek): The poor little thing must have toothache. Prof.: Why were you late today? Red: The hour started before I came. Prof.: What is longitude and latitude? Sextaner: Longitude is the distance down to the south pole and latitude is the distance up to the north pole. Annie: I guess I won’t go down for singing today. O. Pli-d-m-n: Shall I tell “Art” that it hurts your knee to sing? Our friend J. B-d- claims to have discovered something new. He says light travels around the corner, and as proof he refers to a passage in “Romola,” which reads, Romola glanced at him archly. You all know that an owl can see best at night and does not venture out during the day unless there is some special reason. For some special reason or other our “Owl” was seen sauntering into room II one day. There he tried to alight on the centertable, but this could not bear his weight and he found himself on the floor and, what was worse, he landed on a sheet of tanglefoot flypaper. He blames the inmates for everything now. When William kicked the dynamite, He flew o’er dale and hill, “I must,” his father said that night, “Collect a little Bill.” (Ex.)

; i1

This is the best all-9round 25c hose to be had for men. The new toe and heel make it the best wear ing, and in addition it is thin and cool. Permanent silk-lustre colors make it beautiful in appearance. No seams to hurt the feet Unusual elasticity and snug fit

TOE "•"HEEL'

ml- v-i >.'Y

cof ttiniww STUHWOCQ

'THE DIG CASH STORE ’

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BY BUYING !|

SHOES

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G 0 R D E R’ S 1

_ 604=60$ main Street % ^iUiUiUiUiUlUiUlUiUlliiUiUiUlUiUlUiUlUiUiUiliiiWUiUiUiU^ 5 ! • !

ADLER’S COLLEGIAN CLOTHES are clothes of established merit. Wear them this season, and you are sure to be in fashion. You can’t go wrong on * Collegian Clothes. They are made of the very best fabrics, by highly skilled workmen, in modem, sanitary tailor shops. They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them.

Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. fo Brandt & Son Co. Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

“PURITY and QUALITY” J_l OUR

MOTTO

l THE CANDY SHOP |

DURANT & O’BYRNE

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CANDIES AND ICE CREAM i !:

I‘

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CHOCOLATES and BITTER SWEETS

I ;; : .

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—OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

“Spaldings”

NtRRO & SON

BASE BALL GOODS

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS

always were and always will be, the

! i

“Standard of the World” ■

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Dealers in

210 Main Street.

Watertown, Wis.

SANK OF WATERTOWN CAPITAL 8150,000.

ADVERTISE IN

In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that. We carry a full line at all times.

"The Black

WM. G. PRITZLAFF&CO.

and Red”

THERE’S NOT A MAN IN TOWN interested in good clothes who won't be interested in examining these new arrivals from

JHERTEL & HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

A good Fountain Pen makes a superb gift for either man or woman who does any amount of writing. Sec our splendid assortment of PARKER FOUN TAIN PENS. Price $1.00 to $6.00 at

EBERLZ’S DRUG STORE 204- Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

Steam Heat

Bath

Electric Light

Washington House

“THE JUNIATA”

H. W. KR0NITZ, Prop.

WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of

CIGARS,

TOBACCO

AND

PIPES

Phone No. 400

Watrtown, Wis.

Wc Solicit Your Patronage

Patronize

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop.

"Black and Red”

21S First Street

’Phone 81-Y ■

Give your Laundry to

Advertisers

JOS.

KRUBSACK,

Manager.

STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

Dentist Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

Removed to Cor. First and Main Streets

Telephone No. 258

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries at CONCORD

With Ara-Notch

EVANSTON With Buttonhole

THE NEW

Arrow Collars

JAEDEGKE & GRAMS 611-613 Main Street

FOR SUMMER

16o. each—a for 28c. Arrow Culls, 28c. Cluett, Peabody & Co., Mahers

F, W.-KURZWEG DEALER IN

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies. REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm WATERTOWN,' WIS.

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

F. J. KOSER : ;

Hi 1i

BAKER “THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD” 0 0

Telephone 272-X

111 S. Second St.

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS -----GO TO-----

Moil’s Ground Floor Studio

312 Main Street REMEMBER quality remains after price i» forgotten. ____

GLAUS & JAEGER PRINTERS

OF THIS PUBLICATION Watertown

Wisconsin

THE

HOME

QUALITY

GROCERIES

Those After Meal Siestas, With Cigar or Pipe in Easy Chair, Will Be Found Much More Enjoyable If Said Meals Consist of Our Quality Groceries! TRY

THESE—THEY’LL

New German Dill Pickles Complete Line of

Cigars and Smoking Tobaccos

PLEASE!

Daily Churnings Fancy Gilt Edge Creamery Butter New Canned Goods OF ALL KINDS

FRED BITTNER 501-503 N. FOURTH ST.

W. F. Gruetzmacher Watertown, Wis. 313 Main St. IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST STORE TO DO YOUR TRADING

We handle most everything: in all kinds ot merchandise. We buy direct and get syndicate prices. We are headquarters for 5 AND lO CENT GOODS AND STATIONERY

WM. KREBS —Dealer in—

STAPLE and FANCY GROCERIES, CANDIES, ETC. Telephone 2J5-X

WATERTOWN, WIS.

G. Buerger’s Meat Market FRESH AND SALT MEATS SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second Street

F. UTTECH & SON

The Best Place in Town for

605 Main St.

Advertise in nThe Black and Red”

FANCY GROCERIES AND FRUITS Third and Market Sts.

! }

Telephone 67-T ?!

,’b

OFFICE HOURS:

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 F. M.

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

LOTOS

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON i

313 Main Street Above Brennecke's Drag Store

Residence 809 Main Street

Telephone 144

Watertown, Wisconsin

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

Photos

EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Wisconsir

Watertown,

DONNER GALLERY WATERTOWN PHOTO CO. !

LEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

114 S. Third Street

! :

Special Rates made to Students

Chas. J. SalicK.

■ ■ :■

I >

: '

SCHLUETER BROS. MERCHANT lOc. CIGAR and ARC 5o. CIGAR

! i

Jeweler and Optician Special attention given to testing Eyes and fitting Glasses

Stationery, Foot Ball and Sporting Goods 1 and 3 Main St.

• I

Watertown, Wis.

UIN

Watertown. Win

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, Wis. Makers of

Fine Athletic Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG

TRADE WITH

Schempf the Druggist "He Treats Yon Right"

Something Important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company §£. (£. ^Rcititcrf

E. H. COOK, M. D. Practice limited to

TEACHER OF

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. m 7 to 8 Wednc.'day and Saturday evening?. Sundays, 10 to 1 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wis.

unit Jiurmong

Watertown’s Exclusive &tuiiio 1119 iHaiti $5>t. Spirit 3Fluor HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM OBGGKERY GO. 400 Main Stree*

DR. T. F. SHiNNICK OFFICE HOURS:

11 A. M„

2 TO 4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKER Y

OFFICE, 200 MAIN ST. PHONE S9-X RESIDENCE. 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

W. A. Krahmer 114 W. Main

Tel. 155-Y

A. WIGGENHORN 8c SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS for the C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. and T. M. E. R. and L. CO. Watertown, Wisconsin

Painters and Decorators 202 Main Street

Telephone 512

3R<sdl Cnirxfl® 5

cent

CIGARS

ARE ALWAYS GOOD

Mueller Bros. SHARP CORNER GROCERS

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

$ Try a Sample of our

TEAS, COFFEES, SPICES, Etc.

if lit

We are not afraid to have them tested thoroughly before taking • your order. We know what our groceries are and want you to know too. For the better you know them the surer we are of your custom. ■Phone 214-X

F. G. KECK & CO. THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE STORE

905 Main St.

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

BOWLING

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Frying Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, O

ALLEYS

—Everything in—

FURNITURE 110-112 Main St.

Billiard and Pool Tables . . :

Also a Choice Line of.... CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 202-204 Maditon Street

Watertown, Wi*.

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHNE. HEISMANN U6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

^Willplls

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m &.

DRS.A.&F. DEIfri^s 223

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‘Pitch* No. 40 111 MAIN »T.

; i Gres us a Cit.t, We'?.l *ky A>:d SjnJ&f* pLu/.rx Yut:

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LEO RUESSlii SHOES g* 4

210 MAIN STREET

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107 WB3T Main St»B^ t

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What a Good Overcoat Should Be and Cost HERE are a lot of men buying: over coats now, and most of them ex pect the chosen garment to last from three to five years. Are you going to get such a coat? The chances are against it, unless you use as much care as you give to other matters. A good overgarment should be of dependable, hard-wear ing goods, and equally good linings and “insides,” so that the garment will “wear out” equally and finally go to pieces like “the Deacon’s One-hoss Shay”—all at once, In short, a good overcoat should have the quality, workmanship and style, such as you find combined to per fection in

□

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Sincerity Clothes

j ;|

As to the cost, you can buy a very fine overcoat at $25, one of better materials still, at $30 to $35. And then you can buy a dandy good coat from $15 to $20. There’s a style for your figure and and purse at any price you want to pay—and added quality for every dollar.

Wegemann - Faber Kaercher Co, Cor. Main and Third Streets Watertown,

^][

Wisconsin

DIRECTORY. Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. U.

THE COLLEGE. President......... Vice President Secretary.........

.Prof. A. F. Ernst .Dr. A. Hoermann .Dr. J. H. Ott ALUMNI.

President.................................... Vice President and Treasurer 2nd Vice President................ Secretary....................................

.Rev. W. Huth .Dr. J. H. Ott .Rev. F. Schumann Rev. Chr. Sauer

NORTHWESTERN CLUB. President........ Vice President Treasurer....... Secretary.........

Dr. F. F. John .Louis Ungrodt .Dr Eberhardt Notz Julius J. Dammann ATHLETIC BOARD.

President. Treasurer Secretary. Schweppe, ’ll

Klucnder, ’ll

.A. Berg, ’ll J. Masch, '12 .L. Mahnke, ’12

BAND.

Director........... President........ Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer.......

Prof. H. Frank ,L. Mahnke, ’12 .C. Kluendcr, ’ll R. Bartz, ’12 ,H. Pankow, ’12 ORCHESTRA.

Director........................... President......................... Vice President................ Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. A. Kuhn .C. Kluender, ’ll .G. Schley, ’ll A. Hanke, ’ll MALE CHORUS.

Director........................... President......................... Vice President.............. . Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. C. Bolle A. Berg, ’ll C. Kluender, ’ll , E. Reim, ’ll MILITARY COMPANY.

President........ Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer....... .

A. Hanke, ’ll .J. Masch, ’12 P. Froehlke, ’12 .P. Eggert, ’12

THE BLACK AND RED.

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., December, 1910.

Number 7 i

CHRISTMAS IN THE WOODS. Forty years ago, when there still was more forest land than at present in the northern part of Wisconsin, a little village consisting of six Ger man families was here to be found in the midst of a large forest which extended for miles without any sign of human beings, save these six families. Here they lived in the manner of all pioneers and settlers, and were almost entirely excluded from all human intercourse. They lived in but small log cabins, worked hard for their daily subsistence, but nev ertheless made their life a happy one. On Sundays and holidays they were wont to hold their own services as well as they could manage them, and with a devotion such as may not be found in every congregation. Nor was Christmas forgotten in this secluded place. It was a day of devotion, but also a day in which they indulged in many harmless plea sures and amusements. Christmas was near at hand and preparations were made to celebrate it in a more successful manner than the previous ones had been. It was agreed upon to meet in the log cabin of Mr. Winter this year for the cele bration and to let him make the preparations for the occasion. For the next few days to come it had been Mr. Winter’s main object to make this

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Christmas a merry one for his friends, but in his efforts he met with a misfortune which put his life in danger. While he was strolling through the thick woods with three of his neighbors to get a Christmas tree for the occasion, his attention had been drawn to a queer noise, similar to a deep groan, which came out of a clump of shrubs. Leaving his compan ions, Mr. Winter turned out of his path towards this place. Before him a large pine tree lay flat on the ground. He stepped on the tree to have a better view of the surroundings when he was attacked by a wounded bear which was resting behind this tree and probably intending to make this place its death-bed. His friends, however, succeeded, though with no little difficulty, in releasing him from the claws of this fierce opponent. When finally a doctor was summoned, he found Mr. Winter in a critical condition, for, besides his flesh wounds, he had two broken ribs and an injured back. It was feared that Mr. Winter’s accident would interfere with the Christmas celebration. However, Christmas eve was there, Mr. Winter had somewhat recovered, not to take an active part in the occa sion, but still to carry out his plans and make the arrangements. In one corner of his small but neat-looking log house Mr. Winter was lying in bed, rejoicing over the events which were yet to come that even ing. In the adjacent corner stood the Christmas tree, heavily laden with all its decorations. By and by, as it was getting dark, the neighbors assembled, questioned Mr. Winter as to his health, sat down at the fire place and told stories, and especially told the children how Santa Claus haunts the houses to find all the good children and reward them. When it was dark enough the candles on the tree were lit, services were held and Christmas songs were sung by the older people. The children, on the other hand, were rather quiet and occasionally sent some anxious glances through the window, hardly knowing what was going on about them. After the services were completed, the men pretended to go on some errand, leaving their wives and children behind. This was an un easy moment for the children. If Santa Claus should come now, while their fathers were absent, what might not happen to them ? Surely, there he was! A hard rap at the door, which nearly knocked the door off its hinges, proved it. Inside everything became so quiet that you might have heard a needle drop, save in the corner where the patient was lying. Here you might have heard a chuckle, though he tried his best to sup press it. The door was opened, and in the next moment Santa Claus was standing in the room, an old man, with a long white beard, a basket con taining gifts for the children in one hand and a big stick in the other. He was not alone. Behind him was another man with a similar costume, leading a large bear on a rope. This bear, however, was a queer animal. He had no fur, but a substitute made of braided hay. Then came another man having the aspect of a musician. He was dragging a large barrel organ behind him, which also seemed to be home-made. The musician opened the program with one of his favorite pieces. Then Santa Claus left his companions, walked up to the children, who were all seated in one row, stamped heavily on the floor with his big stick and asked the

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children to recite a verse or sing a song, one after another. They ac quitted themselves of their task with credit, though some were hardly able to speak and others with tears in their eyes. The gifts having been distributed, Santa Claus returned to his followers and another selection on the barrel organ ended the program. They began to leave the room in the same order as they had entered. The musician, evidently prepar ing for a long journey, tried to carry the barrel organ on his shoulders, but an accident happened. The instrument was rather heavy, overbal anced and toppled down on the floor with a heavy crash. The cover flew off and out came the whole machinery—the fiddle first and then its master. The excitement was great, but Santa Claus and his party left as quickly as possible. The men, returning from their errand, were sadly disappointed that they had missed it all, but the children had many news to tell them. The remainder of the evening was spent with conversation and merry-making, and now and then one of the children would say: “Oh, wasn’t that Santa Claus an ugly looking fellow though?” A. H., Tl.

AMOR VINCIT OMNIA. Large snowflakes were falling heavily on the streets of Detroit. Walter, an employee of the T. F. A. factory, was wearily treading his way homeward on an off street. He noticed something black on the slippery sidewalk before him. Bending down to see what it was, he found that it was an old man. He shook him, but the man showed no signs of life. “He must have been lying here for some time,” thought Walter. The sturdy young man now lost no time in taking the body carefully into his arms and carrying him to the nearest home, which was only a humble cottage. As it was bitter cold, Walter walked fast, stepping firmly. He perceived a small stream of light coming through the curtained window. Here he turned in. No sooner had he planted his foot on the first step than the door opened. “Have you come home at last, papa?” said a soft \oice, but when she saw the father in the young man’s arms, she trem bled and asked, “What has happened, papa?” Being a girl of some courage she did not faint, but showed Walter a couch, where he relieved himself of his charge. A doctor was summoned. It required much rubbing to get the frost from the numb limbs. In several minutes they could notice life. Ruth wept for joy, as she saw the closed eyelids open. Her father was her only companion through life, and she did all she could to make him happy. Walter would not depart from his patient’s bedside that night, al though he was a stranger to him. The next morning he went to his work at the factory, but promised to be back before dinner, as Ruth had begged him. On his way he thought of the little hut and its inmates.

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He thought of the old man lying in his bed unable to utter a word. He thought of the beautiful young girl with her pitch black hair and dark eyes. “Why should they live alone in that little place? She certainly is a good girl. Such a voice, and that sweet smile! I will do anything to win her/’ he murmured to himself. He did not forget his appointment for dinner, but came with a hearty appetite. He entered without rapping, as was bidden him, and found Ruth on her knees by her father’s bedside. “Such a beautiful picture!” thought he. He could move no nearer. She turned and saw Walter’s manly figure, his rosy, freckled face, the beautiful brown hair and the dark eyes. “O, how glad we are that you have come. It was very lonesome here since you were gone,” she said. She handed him a chair and left the room to set the dinner-table. Walter watched his patient and soon his eyes opened. The old man gazed at his rescuer and tried to speak, but he was still too weak. Wal ter was immediately at his side and persuaded him to be quiet. After the meal Walter took leave and was again entreated to call for supper. He could not refuse, as it was his wish to remain near that “beautiful face.” The next day the clergyman, such was the vocation of Ruth’s father, could talk fairly well. When Walter entered the room he began slowly. “You are the young man whom I must thank for re storing me to life. I can give you only my thanks and many wishes that God will reward you for your kindness. Would you please give me your name?” Walter assured him that he was perfectly welcome to all that had been done for him. He was glad to give his name, Walter Lange. He also told him that he came from K., Missouri, that his father was a lawyer and that he was compelled to come to Detroit to make his living. The old man groaned as in pain. In a few minutes he uttered, “Lange, out west, and a lawyer?” He stared at Walter. “Have I not seen those features before?” he murmured to himself. Where could he have seen him before? He had just been in the metropolis for a few months and had never been on that street before. “How old is your father?” asked the old man, still staring at him. “Sixty-seven,” answered Walter. “Is your mother still living?” he asked further. “No, she died when I was still young, leaving me the only child,” said Walter. “Why are you not with your father to take care of him in his old age?” asked the old man, tears coming to his eyes. Walter wondered why all those questions were put to him, but an swered them willingly to please the patient. “It was three months ago that my father ordered me from home, because I paid a visit to an. ill girl whom he disliked. I left with a heavy heart and made up my mind to come to Detroit, where I thought I might run across my father’s col lege friend whose picture hangs in his room. Although it seems impos-

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sible for me to find him, I have still a feeling that I may be fortunate enough.” “Did your father ever mention anything of his chum?” interposed the old man. “I have often seen him stare at the picture and asked him whom it represented, but have never received an answer. Once, while he was staring at it I heard him say, ‘O, Charlie, how I loved you ; never have I had a better friend. But I’ll never meet you, or—you’ll die.’ ” “O, my old college chum! Would you really be so cruel, if you would see me in this condition with your son at my side?” said the old man in a low voice and turning pale. Walter drew back. “Are you my father’s chum? The man that I saved from the cold? How can that be?” “Never,” sighed the old man, “never were there chums as we. We were always together. Where one was, the other was. May I ask you one more question? Does your father go to church?” Walter never expected this question, but he answered, “Not as long as I can remember. I have never seen him enter one, and he always for bade me to go.” Ruth entered to call Walter to supper. “O, my dear children,” mur mured her father, “beware of hard-heartedness. How can a father dis own his only son for visiting an ill girl and even threaten to murder his true friend, whom he has not seen for years, on account of a trifle, which you will not care to know.” That night Walter went to his boarding-place, but he came to see his patient and Ruth every day without fail. A feeling of love soon sprang up between him and Ruth. One warm evening shortly before Christmas Walter came to make his call. Ruth was at the gate to greet him with her sweet smiles. He took her hand and they walked slowly toward the house. “I’ll put the question now,” thought Walter, and aloud he said, “Ruth, my darling, do you love me?” His speech was the softest murmur, and his rosy face, nearer to hers than it had ever been before, was looking at her with beseeching tender ness. “Walter, you know I love you,” said she, letting her eyes drop. She raised her head, their eyes met and so did their lips. It was but a moment when she said, “I have never been so happy.” They entered the house and came hand in hand to her father’s bed. The old man wept for joy when he saw this. He had often wished it, but now he was as in a dream. Walter could not allow this moment to pass unused. “Will vou be my father? Will you let me take care of Ruth—be her husband? I know she will not deny me; for she has said she loves me.” “Is it true, Ruth?” asked her father. “Yes, papa,” said Ruth, firmly, “I love Walter.” The father’s answer was given without delay. “Yes, my son, she is yours.”

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The young hearts were perfectly satisfied. That night Walter went cheerfully to his room and Ruth retired with joy. The old man could not sleep. Was it joy that kept him from it? No, he has something else on his mind. He wanted to write to his old chum. What should he write to him who had hated him for over forty years? Why should it be that chums cannot write to each other without worrying that an'un fortunate word might cause more hatred? He asked for pen and ink and began to write: Dear Fred:— Can we not be friends again as in our college days? My conduct toward Lillian was only a result of my love for you. He could write no more. He signed his name, handed it to Ruth to mail, and forbade her to tell Walter.

* * * * * In a beautiful home in Missouri a lawyer is sitting among his books and papers. His servant brings in the mail. He opens the letters, one by one, and reads them. He shrinks back and suddenly turns pale. What can it be? He opens a letter and groans. “Is it possible? How does he know where I live? Can it be that Walter has found him and told him?” he said to himself, excitedly. He looks at the picture on the wall. “O, Charlie, it was my fault that I hated you. It is all my fault. I now see that you behaved only too honorably to me.” Tears of regret came to his eyes, when he said, “And, God forgive me, I have refused to go to church these many years, because you, whom 1 took for a scoundrel were a clergyman in the service of the church. You were and still are my truest friend. I must see you before death takes one of us.” He boarded the next train for the East. He knew that there was only one day before Christmas and that he had invited many guests to the dinner of good cheer. But he could not be present. This one, poor true friend, who lived in a humble cottage, was worth more to him. It was late in the afternoon of the 25th that he arrived at Detroit. He walked hurriedly to his friend’s home. His heart was beating heavily as he stepped on the porch. Inside all were surprised to hear steps. “Who can be there?” asked the clergyman, who was now sitting in an armchair. Ruth opened the door and saw the stranger. “Does Rev. Weber live here?” he asked. “Yes, sir,” said Ruth, showing him in. No one could have been more surprised than the lawyer when he entered and found himself face to face with his son. “So you have done all this,” he said, cheerfully, holding out his arms to receive his son. Without thought Walter flung himself into his father’s embrace. What a joyous meeting? Hatred had fled from the lawyer’s heart and it was running over with love. All he could say to his chum was, “Charlie, forgive me.”

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The clergyman wept for joy, stretched out his hands to him, who embraced him with a kiss. But Ruth was not out of all this. She was introduced to the lawyer as his daughter, which he readily approved of. That night the Christmas bells rang more cheerfully than ever for these four. Walter went to church with his father and on their return the lawyer was singing: “Glory in the highest, glory; Glory be to God most high; Peace on earth, good will to men Reaching far as man is found; Souls redeemed and sins forgiven; Loud on golden harps shall sound.” In that small, humble cottage were the happiest group on earth that night, and true Christmas spirit of love reigned supreme. E. G. H., ’ll.

RAISING THE MAINE. The cause of the Spanish-American war was not merely the cruelty with which the Spaniards treated their subjects in Cuba, not so much that the United States could not tolerate any foreign possession so close to their territory, but what induced the people mostly to interfere with Spain in Cuba was the wreck of the United States battleship Maine, for which the Spaniards were blamed. In the night of the fifteenth of February, 1898, when the sailors were asleep in their quarters, the Maine was wrecked about in the middle of the Havana harbor by an ex plosion that killed most of the sailors. The wreckage has been a little troublesome to traffic in the harbor. By raising it the harbor will be cleared, and also the cause and the source of the explosion might be de termined; whether the explosion occurred from without or from within. The idea of raising the ship has been considered quite frequently, but no plans had been approved of until late. President Taft now has put the work into the hands of army engineers and desires that it might be car ried out by contract. General R. Bixby, chief of engineers of the army, spent an hour with the president and secured the president’s formal approval of the plans after he had explained them to him. General Bixby later issued a state ment which outlines the work to be undertaken. The hulk of the vessel is said to remain still in a good condition, so that Gen. Bixby believes it possible to float the after two-thirds of the vessel. The forward third, where the explosion wrought the most havoc and killed the greater number of the crew, is believed to be too far gone to be taken out as a whole and will therefore be removed piecemeal. The turret lies a little away from the bulk; it was blown completely off the vessel. To this end a coffer dam of interlocked steel pilings will be

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built about the hulk. The dam will be large enough to give a clearance of fifty feet on all sides of the wreck. The dam will be constructed so as to include the turret just as it lies in the harbor. It will be about one hundred forty-five feet in length and about two hundred and thirty-five in width at the widest point. The pumping out of the water after the dam is completed will be an impressive event. Congress recently appropriated the sum of $300,000 for raising and removing the wreck. The army engineers visited Havana some time ago and began an examination both of the wreck and the plans suggested for its removal. Twenty or more plans were submitted for raising the wreck, but none was so simple as that adopted by the army officers. If congress approves the recommendation of the army engineers, the wreck will be taken out to the sea and given a ceremonial burial in deep water, there to remain until the end of time. Various plans have been suggested for exhibiting the wreck and preserving it, but none of them found favor with the authorities at Washington. The completion of this work will be on or before the fifteenth of February next, the thirteenth anniversary of the destruction of this vessel. If the wreck of the forward part of the vessel is in a condition to permit definite conclusions, the cause of the destruction of the ship will have been determined probably by the middle of January. No portion of the vessel is to be disturbed until a full opportunity has been given to view and study it. After a thorough examination bulkheads will be built into such portions as it is thought can be floated, and the damaged portions will be hoisted from the bottom piece by piece. The wreck is now in 25 feet of water. It has sunk but one foot in twelve years and a half since it went down. Underneath the wreck soft mud has been found to a depth of from five to eight feet. Beneath this there is hard clay into which the steel plates will be driven. Taft has invited Spain to send a representative to Havana to be present during the removal of the wreck. A large number of the bodies of the sailors who lost their lives in the disaster were never recovered. It is believed that nothing but skeletons will be found. These will be taken to the Arlington cemetery at Washington for burial. This is quite an undertaking. The army engineers have a fine chance to show their skill in constructing the dam. If it will be a success, the harbor will be much improved, and the question whether Spain wrecked the ship or not will be duly answered. John Bade, T2.

A MERRY CHRISTMAS. ! i i

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Christmas is not even a month away. Can it be true that time has passed so quickly? How will this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vacation be spent? Will Christmas-day have so much joy in store for us as in some of the preceding

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years?” Such were the thoughts of the writer, and under the “some of the preceding years” he had one particular case in mind. The children and grand-children assembled at “grandpa’s house” every Christmas. Some came in the afternoon, while others, who at tended services at a church in another part of the city, came between six and seven o’clock. As soon as the smaller children entered the house, they ran for the Christmas tree, because here the presents were always laid out for them. But this particular year every one was disappointed; nothing was under the tree. “Where are the presents Santa Claus left here for us?,” they asked, but all of the older ones professed ignorance. “Maybe you have not behaved very well during the year, so that Santa Claus thought you did not deserve so many this year,” said one as a rea son. But this did not seem to satisfy them. No presents appeared, however. Everybody had eaten supper, and still no presents. That seemed very queer, indeed, to the children. Then the family joined in singing the beautiful German Christmas songs. Between each song one of the little children got on a chair placed in front of the Christmas tree and “said his piece,” some small poem he or she had learned for the occasion. Several had already finished and had been applauded when little Lily got up and, after looking around bashfully, began, “O Tannenbaum, O Tannenbaum.” But here she stopped, laughed, and applauded herself. When she saw that the others laughed at this, she repeated her per formance several times during that evening. Next mischievous Carlie got on the chair. He began very bravely “O Tannenbaum, O Tannenbaum, wie gruen sind Mamas Blaetter.” When the others all laughed, he did so, too, jumping off his chair. His mother explained afterwards that he did not understand what “deine Blaetter” referred to, although she had tried to explain it to him. Others spoke their pieces very well, and the old grandfather was very much pleased if they spoke loud and plain, because he was some what hard of hearing. ' Suddenly the door-bell rang, “Who can that be?,” all said, and the children ran to the door. But the uncle who answered the bell closed the door behind him so that they could not follow. When the door was opened again, a man stepped in, clothed in red, with a long white beard and mustache and a very red face. Behind him came uncle Will, dragging a washbasket filled with parcels and an express wagon also filled. “It’s Santa Claus,” the children called, “and there are our presents.” But some ran to their mothers, crying; they had seen his whip and were afraid. Everything became quiet. Then Santa Claus said, “Children, I have some presents here for all of you. But before I give them to you, you will have to recite your pieces for me, otherwise I’ll take them with me again.” The more courageous ones began immediately, but the smaller ones recited theirs, half crying. Then Santa distributed the presents. The names had been written

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on the packages, so they were read and the parcels given to each one as they came to him. “Here is something for Willie,” Santa called, and Willie marched up bravely. “Walter,” was heard next, but. little Walter was too timid, so his larger brother got his. “Ruth,” Santa called next. Ruth walked up, stretching out one hand but carefully taking hold of her aunt’s hand, who sat near Santa Claus. “Robert,” called Santa again, and Robert was not afraid of Santa Claus. “Here is a present for little Alma,” and “little” Alma, a young girl, seventeen years old, walked up. After that Santa did not use any adjectives like “little” again. In this way the parcels were distributed. Most of the children laid theirs in their mother’s lap, but little Robert did not do this. He insisted on holding all of his presents in his arms, so that his arms were soon filled so high that he could scarcely look over them. Still, he was always willing to get some more. At last the express wagon was the only thing left. All were waiting whose name would be called. “For Robert,” Santa Claus called. A large smile lit up Robert’s face as he walked up to Santa. He laid all of his presents into the express wagon. Santa Claus left now. Everyone began untying his parcels; they found toys, games for the smaller ones, letter paper, pictures, several dollar bills, fancy handkerchiefs for the older ones and quite a number of other things. The smaller children, of course, began to play with their toys. They were so interested in them that they did not notice what was going on about them ; neither did they hear the others discuss ing Santa. After some time, they also exchanged their views about him. Carlie said, “Did you see his big whip? But I wasn’t afraid of him, my mamma was there.” Laura was very enthusiastic about Santa. “My, but Santa Claus is a good man; I could hug him ever so hard.” Her older brother, Willie, had made more careful observations. “Mam ma,” he said, “did you see that the skin of his face did not fit near his ears?” His cousin Carlie had noticed something else. “When he talked, he did not move his lips at all, and we couldn’t see his teeth, either,” he said. This was explained as the result of the intense cold outside; his lips were just about frozen. But some remained rather skeptical. One by one they fell asleep after they had played for some time. When it was time to go home, none of the small children liked to be disturbed in their sleep. But when they saw that their parents were ready to go home, they remembered something and awoke. “Don’t forget to take my presents along,” each one cried. This was done, and then everybody went home. Not one has forgotten the joyful time he had that Christmas. E. E. S. ’ll.

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TUBBY’S THANKSGIVING.

“To-morrow is Thanksgiving” growled Tubby McFarden. “Curse, it! Should like to know what I’m to be thankful for. Wife sick down in the States, partners left me in the lurch, diggings don’t pay. Yes, to-morrow is Thanksgiving.” Four years ago Tubby, or rather James, had been the idol of his college, the best quarter-back that ever wore the silver and grey. At Christmas time in his senior year his father had failed, impoverished through wild speculation, and had soon died of a broken heart, leaving his only son little besides his blessing and a pretty thorough education. With several companions James followed the mad rush to Klondike, where he hoped to put his training at the mining college to a practical test. James and his partners were more successful than the average gold hunter. James was enabled to return to his home at Larson, Va., for a short time. Here he renewed his acquaintance with Amy Ainsley, the belle of his college days. Amy could not resist the woing of the ardent, young fortune hunter and on Christmas, ’97, Larson witnessed a wedding whose splendor the sedate old villagers could not have imagined. Their honeymoon was cut short, for James had to return to his diggings. Amy, who could not endure the hardships of an Alaskan winter, re mained with her parents. On his return Tubby found the claim deserted. The dirt had not been rich enough and his partners had simply left. Setting himself to work with a determined’will, Tubby had been able to wash out a nice little heap of gold. But of late the dirt had not panned-out well. Only two weeks ago when he was in town to get a new supply of pro visions, he had received a letter from Larson, but the envelope did not bear the accustomed handwriting. Ah, no. His father-in-law had written to inform him that Amy was down with a serious attack of pneumonia. No wonder that Tubby asked, “What should I be thank ful for?” With a despondent heart he set to work. The dirt was even poorer than usual. There was hardly a nugget in the whole pile. Disgusted he gave up all idea of work for that day. He turned to leave, but in doing so, his foot caught a support, and down crashed the heavy cradle in which he had been washing gold earth, on his left leg. With diffi culty he extricated the limb. “My God!” he exclaimed, “it’s broken.” What could he do? Slowly and with infinite and excruciating pain he crawled that short distance to his shack and sank down on his bunk. There was not a soul within 25 miles of his lonley hut, he was doomed to die. Lying helpless and hopeless on his bed, James besought divine mercy for his wife, but the awful thought came to him, “Can that God that leaves me in such misery have any pity or mercy?” Delirium set in: He was again playing on the old eleven. He just had made a gallant

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plunge and now the weight of the whole melee seemed bear on one poor leg. Now, he was disporting on the college campus with his Amy. Now, he saw her afar off beckoning to him and bidding him to be of good cheer, while a light not of this earth encircled her sweet face. Then it was all a blank. Nature was doing its best for the poor sufferer. He had lost all consciousness. Suddenly he started up. Was that indeed Jim, his old partner, bend ing over him or was it another hollow mockery? No, it was really his friend. God had not passed the poor limit of his endurance. Without a word Jim—at one time an army surgeon—deftly set the broken limb and administered an anaesthetic. “Now you are coming all right,” said the kind old man as James regained consciousness, “you were raving something awful when I came in here.” “Now don’t speak a word,” as Tubby wanted to inter rupt him. “We didn’t know that you were back until two days ago, when we were in Great Bear for some provisions. You see, the old claim was just about giving out, so we left for Phoenix were we’ve got a fine claim. We didn’t expect you back before next year, and did not write to let you know of our moving until three weeks ago. My, but a job it was to write that letter. Me and Sam worked at it for two days straight and I’d* rather handle the pick-ax for a week. But speak ing about letters, here’s one for you from Larson.” “Give me the letter,” James cried. With trembling hands he opened the envelope. “Dear James: Am out of danger and regaining strength. Amy.” “Thank God!” he exclaimed as he sank back in his bunk—his Thanksgiving had come. •i ■

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, M I BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, Ml PAUL FROEHLKE, '12

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, Ml ELMER SAUER, MI WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, M 1 WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All Itorary matter should be addressed to tho Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. Tho terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Singte copies, 10 cents. Stamps not accepted In payment. Notify us If you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is received and until all arrearngos are paid. Entered at the Postofllco of Watertown, Wis., as seoond-dass matter.

10b total) our patrons and aubarrifarra a

Mrrrg (Ehriatmas and a ilappij Nefa fear EMTÂ©EHAL CHRISTMAS.

With the first fall of snow and the daily increasing cold our thoughts naturally revert to Christmas. Christmas! The word has a. magic sound to us. The old, yet ever new story, the songs, all the joys of Christmas have their charm for us all. To a pupil at college, however, it means something besides. It means that he is to return home for a rest after sixteen weeks of strenuous work. He feels glad that he is to have a short respite from the steady strain of a certain number of recitations a day. The vacation will give ample time also to make up in whatever study one is deficient. It will happen to the best pupil that he is behind in some study. Relieved from other work, he can :

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then devote his whole time to that subject and without great effort come up to the required standard. And lastly, we can do some necessary reading which it is impossible to do during the school year. With our course, devoting ourselves as we do to four, yes five different languages, not to mention mathematics, we can not dream of reading as much as we ought to read. During our spare hours in vacation we shall find pleasure in making up this deficiency. Without the disturbing thoughts about compositions or examinations one can read with more success and have greater profit. With these objects before us—rest, making up for certain losses, and necessary reading—let us enter on our vaca tion. Let us enjoy all the joys of Christmas, to return, refreshed and • strengthened, to run out the remainder of the race.

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THE NOBILITY OF LABOR.

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There is nobleness, and even sacredness, in work. Work is heaven’s great ordinance for human improvement. Were man ever so forgetful of his calling, there is always hope for him who earnestly works; in idleness alone there is despair. But we must say with a heavy heart that the great ordinance is broken down. It is our duty to strive to build it up again. It is broken down because we work and toil, not of our own free will, but generally because we must. That is why we also show indignation and go out of a classroom mur muring when a rather lengthy lesson is assigned us. Although we are scholars, we sometimes like to loiter in the paths of our studies. We must not try to escape work; and an energetic person can always find work. A zealous person has a certain object in view which he is con stantly striving to reach. He works with a purpose in life, and this makes his work seem easier. On the contrary, a person without a definite purpose in life, sits down, folds his arms, and feels perfectly content in his idleness. He has not decided on a definite course in life and lets many opportunities to learn slip by that would be of value to him in later life. We must realize that we are in a time when it is absolutely necessary that we possess knowledge, because civilization has taken wings of birds and alighted on all parts of the globe. We must work and prepare ourselves according to the time we live in. The energetic man does not shun labor as his deadliest foe, but wel comes it as his best friend. Labor is necessary to develop our great resources, and every person should bring his brain and muscle into action so as to utilize the great forces of nature and to make use of seeming useless matter. Then labor is life, and the great ordinance is observed again. Toil of the brain and hand is the only truly nobility of labor.

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BEWARE OF PETTY FAULTFINDING.

It is the business of many people in this world to inspect and to criti cise the work of other people. These men are either appointed to do such work, or by careful and conscientious study are competent to do it. There are, however, many other narrow-minded people who are continually finding fault in others. These people are usually utterly blind to their own faults, and therefore prove to be a nuisance in the world. Many great undertakings and enterprises have been abandoned, because of petty faultfinding and persecution. Fulton was ridiculed by large crowds of faultfinders when he was ready to make his first steamboat trip, and not until the vessel was plying on regular trips the faultfinding was abandoned. The good can always be brought out by judicious praise; it at least assures the people that what they are trying to do is appreciated. General faultfinding, however, never awakens any emotion, but one of re sentment ; it never benefits the one to whom it is directed. People who are conceited must at some time correct their faults, and we must be tolerant and busy ourselves correcting our own. Never call a man’s attention to a fault, before you are sure that you do not possess the same fault. In that way only you will save yourself much needless embarrass ment.

EDITORIAL NOTE. Mr. Elmer Sauer, who graduated from Concordia College, St. Paul, rast June and entered the Senior class at Northwestern this semester, has been appointed to the editorial staff of the Black and Red. He is to suc ceed Mr. Heise, ’ll. Mr. Heise discontinued his studies indefinitely on account of failing health. His former co-editors wish him a speedy re covery. Ed.-in-Chief.

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©(DLLEdE M@¥ES LUTHER’S BIRTHDAY. November 10th, the anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther’s birth, was celebrated at Northwestern in the usual manner, as has been the custom in the last few years. The only deviation was made by having the services and program in the afternoon at 4:30 instead of in the morning as heretofore. This was done to give the teachers attending the state conference in this city time to be up for the beginning. They showed their appreciation by attending in a body, filling the chapel to its utmost capacity. An interesting feature was added to the program by the playing of Prof. Reuter of Dr. Martin Luther College. It was admired by everybody, and there was no one who did not lament the fact that he was hampered by the small size of the organ. Our President, Prof. Ernst, delivered a most instructive oration on Luther, showing the relation in which this great man stood to the schools of his time, and how applicable his principles arc to present conditions. The choir sang two songs of considerable difficulty and did very well if one considers the short time they had for practice. The program is appended: 1. Orgelpraeludium. Prof. Fritz Reuter, Lehrerseminar, New Ulm. 2. Gemeindegesang. Nro. 248, v. 1-4. 3. Schriftabschnitt. 2 Chron. 34, 14-32. Gebet. Prof. A. F. Ernst, Praesident der Northwestern University. 4. Chorgesang. Naegeli Der Mensch lebt und bestehet -------Studentenchor unter Prof. C. Bolle’s Leitung. 5. Festrede. Luther’s Bedeutung fuer die Schule. Vom Praesidenten der Anstalt. 6. Orgelvortrag. Prof. Fritz Reuter. 7. Chorgesang. A. Gersbach Herr Got, dich loben wir - - Studentenchor. 8. Gemeindegesang. Nro. 248, v. 5-6. 9. Segen. 10. Gemeindegesang. Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott. 11. Postludium. Prof. Fritz Reuter.

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VESUVIUS. On the Saturday before Thanksgiving our ex-president Mr. L. Mahnke called a special meeting of the Vesuvius Smoking Club, which turned out to be a caucus meeting. Candidates were nominated and asked to state their platform. After many campaign speeches, in which some brilliant speakers were discovered, the election finally ended as follows: Pres., F. A. Reier; Vice-Pres., A. Pamperin; Sec., J. Masch; Treas., A. Berg; Sergeant at Arms, A. Tacke, and Asst., Theo. Schliepsiek. That the different members showed great interest in the club was demonstrated last Saturday when the Messrs. Beto, Tacke and Martin, sacrificed a whole afternoon in decorating the clubrooms in a most artistic manner. As a result the once dreary-looking room has taken a bright, cozy appearance. It is really a pleasure to sit there and enjoy a smoke when the room is kept in a sanitary and neat condition. Although the club lost many old members last June, the prospects for the coming year are good, for there are a number of new smokers who have already applied for admission, and no doubt they will be accepted after they have undergone the customary initiation. The regular meetings are held every Saturday night from 6 o’clock till 7 P. M., when a program, arranged by a master of ceremonies appointed by the president, is rendered.

THE N. W. U. CHORUS. With the opening of a new school-year this musical organization at our college has always had difficulties to overcome, caused by the absence of some talented singers of the foregoing year, and it has often been feared that the organizations would not or could not reach the standard of perfection of their predecessors. Yet, through the hard and diligent work of directors and members, the accomplishments of the musical organizations of past years have always been equalled, if not excelled. This year the Northwestern Chorus was in the same predicament; but persistency is winning again. The chorus is showing itself com petent of upholding tradition. It made its first appearance in public on Luther’s birthday, and although the singing was not extraordinary, it was evident that the director and members have practiced diligently, and success will crown their efforts. At the beginning of the year the chorus began practice under the directorship of Prof. Bolle with a membership of 28 students, the re maining members of the chorus of last year. Pres. Berg, however, canvassed the student body for boys talented in music and succeeded in increasing the number to 52 students.

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At present Director Bolle is testing the voices of the members and merely practicing short and easy songs, which forms a part of the pre liminary work for the concert to be given at Watertown. After Christ mas vacation the real work for the concert will begin. The officers of the chorus that were elected at the close of the last school year are as follows: Pres., A. BERG. Vice-Pres., C. KLUENDER. Sec.-Treas., E. REIM. Librarian, W. KEIBEL.

NO CHANGE IN THE FACULTY.

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As the board of trustees did not deem it expedient to try to fill the second vacant professorship at this time of the year, when it would be difficult for the candidate to leave his present position, Mr. Paul J. Bergmann, ’09, was asked to remain here as professor for the remainder of the school-year. Mr. Bergmann was graduated from the arts and science course of our college in 1909. The next school-year he spent in Madison, doing post-graduate work at the University of Wisconsin. His major study was English and German literature of the 18th century. This autumn Bergmann entered our theological seminary at Wauwatosa, but followed the call of his alma mater to instruct till a new professor should come, and now he has consented to sacrifice another year in the interest of Northwestern. Mr. E. Berg, TO, has also been won to remain to the end of the first term, because Mr. M. Sprengling is not able to leave his present occupation and take up his new position before the holidays.

PROFESSOR MEETS WITH ACCIDENT.

Several weeks ago a serious accident befell one of our professors, Dr. A. Hoermann. While walking along the darkened hallway of his home one night, he approached the stairway, which at that place lacks a railing, and had the misfortune of missing his footing, falling for a considerable distance to the floor beneath. He fell on his left side and sustained several severe injuries, among which a deep gash in the scalp and a broken shoulder were the most serious. Although this accident resulted in several painful wounds, it might easily have been worse, and it is only by the grace of God that we again see our beloved teacher among us.

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BANQUET. On the evening of December 2nd the banquet of our football team was held in the private dining room of Mrs. Koeninger. Our hostess had prepared the most sumptuous and consummate repast ever given up here before, and it goes without saying that the boys did all possible justice to it. The dining room and table had been tastefully decorated with flowers and black and red bunting. One feature which won the ad miration of all those present was a representation in miniature of a foot ball field on which two teams were scrimmaging. Manager Schley officiated as master of ceremonies and assigned to the various members proper subjects for impromptu speeches, all of which were rendered in a capable manner. Ex-Captain Berg was the first one called upon to speak. In a few well chosen words he gave his opinion of the behavior of the team and wound up with the prospects of a winning team next year. Mr. Mahnke, who will pilot the team next year, then spoke on the work of different players and particularly of those who will leave this year. Manager Schley’s speech was a most interesting one, he dwelling mostly on the necessity of a coach. The evening was spent in singing and story telling. It was not until a late hour that the meeting finally adjourned, all agreeing that it was one of the most pleas ant evenings ever spent up here. The following are the names of those who were present: Gotthold Schley. Arthur Berg, Louis Mahnke, Fred Schweppe, William Wietzke, John Masch, Herbert Koch, Edwin Bruns, Arthur Tacke, William Hart wig, Walter Reinemann, Arthur Hanke, Albert Zibell, Justus Ruege. F. S.

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DE EEBOS OMNIBUS TEACHERS MEET AT WATERTOWN. The State Conference of the Wisconsin Synod Teachers was in session at Watertown on November 10 and 11. About 125 teachers from all parts of the state, including about 20 lady teachers, attended the conference. Since the tenth, Luther’s birthday, was a holiday a number of professors, Seniors and Juniors of our college attended the meetings quite regularly. A number of treatises pertaining to the school work were delivered by teachers. Others gave practical dem onstrations of school work with the classes of St. Mark’s school. A treatise on “The Psychological Laws of Apperception and their Im portance for the School,” by Prof. Ackermann of Martin Luther College, New Ulm, Minn., was probably of the greatest interest to visitors. After the afternoon session on the tenth, many teachers attended the Luther Celebration in the N. W. U. chapel, and in the evening the church concert in the St. Mark’s church given by the mixed choir. The choir rendered the 121st Psalm, as set to music by Prof. F. Reuter of Martin Luther College, the 2nd Psalm by Mendelssohn, and the 19th Psalm by Hayden. Prof. Reuter rendered several beautiful organ solos, besides accompanying his own composition. After the concert a number of New Ulm graduates, some of them teachers, and some at present attending Northwestern, organized a Wis consin branch of the Martin Luther College Alumni Society. Teacher Mohr was elected president. The meeting was concluded Friday afternoon, but many of- the teachers remained to attend a social meeting held on Friday evening.

TOLSTOY’S DEATH. ?

Through the death of Count Leo Nikolayevitch Tolstoy, which oc curred last November, Russia has lost its greatest writer. About a week before his death, Count Tolstoy suddenly left his home at Yasnaya Polyana accompanied by his physician. In a letter to his wife he said he had decided to spend his last days in solitary retirement. On his way to a small colony he was suddenly taken ill at a little place called Astapabo, and there he died. He was buried on his estate without reli gious ceremony, because he did not make peace with the Russian church. Tolstoy was born on his father’s estate at Yasnaya Polyana, August 28, 1828. He was of aristocratic lineage, which may be traced back to Count Piotr Tolstoy, a friend of Peter the Great. Tolstoy studied at

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a university, but after two years returned home without taking his degree. Until 1851 he lived in retirement, when he went into the army, and served in the Caucasus and the Crimea. He quitted the service with the rank of division commander, and went to St. Petersburg where he be came famous as an author. As a writer, Tolstoy is best known as the author of “War and Peace,” “Anna Karennia,” “The Resurrection,” and “Kreutzer Sonata.” Al though he found fault with the Russian form of government in most of his books, he was never driven out of his country, and no active measures were taken to suppress his works. The Russians did not care to incur the contempt of the civilized world by such actions. It is said that the Czar upon hearing of Tolstoy’s death, wrote: “I heartily regret the death of this great writer, who embodied in the golden age of his talent for creation the types of his fatherland, thus constituting one of the most glorious eras in the life of Russia. May he find in God a merciful judge!” It seems somewhat ludicrous to read that the Czar heartily regretted the death of Tolstoy! It cannot, however, be denied that Tolstoy was one of the greatest pen-masters of his time, and as such he will always be regarded by the civilized world.

THE ELECTIONS. Nearly twenty years have passed since a Democrat was elected presi dent of the United States. In all of the years after Cleveland’s adminis tration, the Republicans had their own way in congress. In the elections of last November things have changed, and it is possible that the Demo crats will have control of the national government in 1912. Their suc cess must be attributed to one general cause, dissatisfaction with the Re publican party. Some of the causes for this dissatisfaction are due to the high tariff, the increased cost of living, the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, and the political revolt against Cannonism. In the east, the enormous Republican majorities in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were greatly reduced. In New York, Mr. Roosevelt’s pro tege, Mr. Henry Stimson, the Republican candidate for governor, was de feated by Mr. Dix. Massachusetts and New Jersey also elected Demo cratic governors. In the West and the South the chief features of the elections was the triumph of the Progressives. Nationally, the chief result is that we shall have a Democratic House of Representatives with a majority of sixty; in the Senate the Republican majority is reduced from twenty-five to twelve. The success of the Democratic party will probably prove to have been the beginning of a new chapter in American politics.

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THE BLACK AND RED. THE MOVING PICTURE SHOWS.

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The nickel and dime amusement parlors herald themselves as the educational medium of the common people; they pretend to give them the educational benefit of art which would otherwise be beyond their slender means. Is the average nickel show such that a visitor gains morally or intellectually? We have our serious doubts. The writer once had the misfortune of attending one of these per formances, when about the following was shown in stereopticon views: The wife of a happy and prosperous young farmer deserts him with their only child. Her seducer leaves her. She finds refuge with a kind farmer woman. Thinking it best for the welfare of her daughter, the adulteress also becomes a murderer. She deprives herself of God’s greatest gift, her own life. The story continues, but the remaining part is unexception able and for our treatise of no importance. Can an institution that reproduces such scenes for the public be edu cational? Not only is it not educational, but it also undermines the morality of the nation. The moving picture shows have great influence, because they are within everybody’s reach. Children in great numbers attend and arc exposed to such dangers. They see adultery portrayed as a real pleasant thing. No remorse or punishment follows, except that the deed is the mother of an equally great sin. Suicide here is treated as a sort of heroism. In this case the woman drank the poison as though it were the nectar of the gods, or at least sweet lethe. Not to speak of it at all as a grevious transgressoin of the decalogue, what is suicide but the perfection of moral cowardice. Afraid to bear his share of the world’s sorrow and pain, the suicide betrays the trust which God reposed in him and with his own hands cuts the thread of life. If the modern stage is immoral, it is sad enough; but when the en joyment of such immorality is brought within everybody’s reach and becomes the pastime of the middle classes, it strikes at the heart of the nation. What but a national disregard of all morality preceded the downfall of ancient Rome? It is true that in some cities censorship of the amusement parlors has been established, but the most effective censor is the people, the nation. If the places where immorality and sin are glorified were boycotted by the people, the owners and managers of such resorts would soon come to their senses and arrange their programs accordingly.

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A¥ML1THCS LAWRENCE 37; NORTHWESTERN 0. On November 12 the Northwestern football team was defeated by Lawrence by the largest score in the football history of the college. The result of the game certainly was a surprise to the followers of the sport; for many had picked Northwestern to be an easy winner. To be . modest, we say that the score would at‘least have been very close, had the game been controlled and played, at least to a certain degree, accord ing to the rules. From start to finish the game was marred by pushing on the offense, holding, off-side plays, and occasionally ‘‘slugging” on the part of the Lawrence team, and all these fouls were either left unnoticed inten tionally by the officials, or the officials were not capable of filling their office. The objections of Northwestern to such treatment at the very beginning of the game were useless, and called forth ungentleman like behavior among the rooters on the side lines, and the Northwestern players were very sorry to notice a goodly number of Lawrence students among these rooters. Northwestern, therefore, had tremendous odds to overcome. They were compelled to battle against the officials and the Lawrence team. This, however, was too much; the Northwestern players lost heart and did not play with their usual vim. Who would blame them for losing heart? Some one may remark that Northwestern ought to be more careful in agreeing on officials. Northwestern was very careful, but not one of the officials agreed upon by the Northwestern manager was present when the time scheduled for the game came. Plausible excuses for their ab sence were offered, and since Northwstern in good confidence expected fair treatment, the game opened under the control of officials unknown to Northwestern. Again some one may remark that Northwestern ought to have left the field and forfeited the game. Such action, however, signifies sever ance of athletic relations and would only have complicated the relation between the two schools. Then, Northwestern, knowing that Pres. Plantz of Lawrence, who is a friend of Northwestern and takes an active interest in athletics was not present at the game, believed that he would not have approved of the game as it was played and of the conduct of a number of the Lawrence rooters. Northwestern considered this and thought it advisable to continue the game. We do not find pleasure in publishing an article of this kind; more over, we deplore that circumstances call for it, since Northwestern never had reasons to complain of the treatment received at Appleton.. We, however, hope that in the future nothing will occur to mar the friendly relation heretofore existing between the two schools.

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THE BLACK AND RED. WHO’S THE “BIG FOUR?”

In vol. 27, No. 10, of the Lawrentian reference is made to a “Big Four,” meaning four football teams of four colleges of Wisconsin. “Big Four” was derived in the following manner. “Carroll was defeated byLawrence and held to a tie by Beloit, Ripon was defeated by Beloit and Carroll, Lawrence by Beloit and Ripon, and Northwestern by all four.” Then the article continues: “All of the Big Four showed champion ship-form at some time of the season.” What teams of the five in the conference constitute this “Big Four?” Would Lawrence be so modest as to eliminate herself, or would she be so insulting as to eliminate one of the other colleges in the conference? We beg pardon if we are mis taken in saying that we believe that the Lawrentian found that new con ference, the “Big Four,” by eliminating the college that lost the greatest number of games; hence, Northwestern does not belong to the “Big Four,” according to Lawrentian. If this be true, we shall venture to offer a criticism. Lawrence lost to Beloit and Ripon; Northwestern also lost to Beloit and Ripon, and was robbed of a game at Appleton by Lawrence—a statement resting on facts, with strong evidence for their truth, since Northwestern held Beloit, and Ripon to a lower score than Lawrence. Account for Lawrence’s high score (37 to 0) against Northwestern. There’s the rub. Carroll and Northwestern did not meet on the gridiron this year. Hence, Lawrence lost two games and North western lost two games, but Northwestern was robbed of a third, while Lawrence was more fortunate in this line. Peruse this account and judge whether Lawrence has a better claim to belong to anything “Big” than any other college of the conference. E. B.

DELAVAN 17; N. W. U. (2) 28. The football game between the N. W. U. second team and the Delavan boys, at Delavan, Wis., was one of the fastest and cleanest games played by the second team this season. Both teams were in excellent shape and, therefore, an equal match. An enthusiastic number of root ers supported their respective team, making th game more exciting and thereby urging the teams on to do their very best. The treatment which our boys received from the Delavan students is almost beyond praise, and if it had not been for the excellent Thanksgiving dinner that was served by the Delavan management, the score might have been a little different. . The second team gained its first touchdown after a few. minutes ot play. Trick plays by the Delavan boys and the star playing of their quarterback, Wilson, netted 17 points for the Delavan school during the first half, making the score 17 to 6 in Delavan’s favor.

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But before the third quarter had elapsed, our boys had tied the score. An excellent tackle in the middle of the gridiron by Quehl shattered another touchdown of the Delavan boys. Good plays by Martin, Henkel and Parsch rolled up the score for the second team to 28 points. When the time whistle blew the score was 28 to 17 in favor of our team. P. B.

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ALOMME OUR NEW PROFESSOR.

Our last number gave a brief notice of Rev. M. Sprengling’s accept ance of one of the vacant professorships at our alma mater; we are glad to supplement the bare announcement with additional notes of his work. This is sure to be of especial interest to all friends of our college because Mr. Sprengling is one of our own alumni. Born as the son of one of our pioneer pastors, he entered college in 1888 and graduated with the class of ’94, the usual course was followed, and in ’98 he was ready to enter the ministry, having concluded the course prescribed at our Theological Seminary at Wauwatosa. From ’98-’05 he served as pastor of the congregations at Woodbury and Stillwater, both in Minnesota. Having made arrangements for an indefinite leave of absence, he entered the University of Chicago in 1906 and has re mained there ever since, holding a number of fellowships during recent years. The subjects taken up included studies in Hellenistic, N. T. and Partistic Greek, Semitics, and Ancient History. An unusual opportunity for him came when, in 1909, he was appointed a member of the American Institute of Archaeology at Jerusalem, an institution also known as the American School for Oriental Study and Research in Palestine. The year was spent in travel, with special re search in Italy, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Arabia, Petraea, Turkey, Mace donia, Leipzig, and Paris. He also held a special commission from Prof. James Hardy Ropes of Harvard during this time. Spending the past year at Chicago, engaged in numerous literary labors, he declined many positions offered at educational institutions throughout the country to accept the call to Watertown. A brief survey of his more important contributions to science will perhaps anticipate the wishes of our readers. Bearing his name will be found contributions in E. J. Goodspeed’s Index Patristicus, as also in the same author’s Chicago Papyri and other publications; the latter work presents in the main identifications of classical and patristic fragments. Among these is especially noteworthy the identification of an Isocrates fragment and of a pseudo-Chrysostom homily by Mr. Sprengling. His work in Palestine made his co-operation in various English works of Byzantine Architecture in the Orient desirable. Of these contributions a new reading of the inscriptions, chiefly in mosaic, mostly in Greek, in the Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem is very interesting. In N. T. textual criticism there is a collation of 200 mss. of the Epistle of James; also a large number of collations, corrections, and additions, among them about 12 mss., hitherto unknown (two of these uncial of the 7th and 8th Century), all of these in Prof. C. R. Gregorys (successor to Const. Tischendorf) Text. Kritik des Neuen Test., last volume.

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In German scientific journals devoted to Greek Palaeography there appeared notes of lost mss., especially of Justin Martyr and the Shepherd of Hermes. This as well as a full description of several libraries of Greek mss in Macedonia, hitherto unknown (some 70 vol.), issued in conjunc tion with Prof. Ehrhard, of Strassburg, were made possible by three months of assiduous labor and successful delving in those immense store-houses of ancient literature, the monasteries of Athos. Besides numerous reviews appearing in scientific journals of the Uni versity of Chicago, an extensive monograph: Chronological Implications of the Araiuaic Papyri. The Jewish Calendar. Dates of the Achaemenians, in which Mr. Sprengling presents materials gathered with infinite care, and offers a number of corrections and additions to data given by Prof. Ed. Meyer, acknowledged to be the leading historian in this par ticular field, gives convincing proof of his industry and scholarship. If the near future sees these gifts and this industry devoted to the advance of learning in our institution, we feel sure that the success of his students must be forthcoming. That this success be not wanting is the devout wish of all who see in Northwestern what it really is—one of the great bulwarks of our church.

ALUMNI PERSONALS. We should be pleased to have every student, former or present, con tribute to the Alumni Personal Column. If you know anything of in terest about the old grads, just drop us a line, we shall gladly print the news. Editor. Frank Teske, a former student, is active in the sales department of H. Stern & Bro. Co., a prominent wholesale drygoods house of Mil waukee. Robert C. Busse, member of the class of ’79, is practicing law at Chi cago, 111. He is one of the successful prosecuting attorneys of Cook county. Address: 801, 120 Randolph street, Chicago. William Bergholz is in the employ of the postal department of Uncle Sam, serving as distributor in the railway mail service. He resides at Greenbay, Wisconsin. Frank Fieting, who attended the institution for a number of years in the eighties, is proprietor of a clothing establishment at Tomah, Wis consin. Otto J. Hartwig, ’76, is president of the Hartwig Drug Company, 1950 Milwaukee avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Paul Kraft, a former member of the present senior class is traveling for the Rawley Medicine Company, in Manitowoc county. His home is at Larson, Wisconsin. Among the graduates visiting at Northwestern on or about Thanks giving were: E. Heilmann, ’05; E. Zell, ’08; A. Sitz, ’09; C. Toepel, ’09; Ph. Koehler, ’09; E. Grunewald, ’09; M. Whyte, ’09, and A. Zuberbier, ’10. H. Kirchner, ’10.

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THE BLACK AND RED. CAMPAIGN FOR BUILDING FUND GAINS STRENGTH.

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The noblest memorial that can be presented to the alma mater by her sons” is the way an old alumnus, now residing in Connecticut, ex pressed himself recently regarding the building of the new gymnasium and auditorium by former students. The material support being given to the providing of the necessary amount for construction is bringing the promoters nearer and nearer to their goal. Especially elated have the members of the building fund committee become since the volunteer ing of alumni to gather donations from former students and friends of Northwestern now residing in their localities. Among the first to re spond to this call were H. Roller Moussa of Jefferson and M. H. Pankow of Waterloo. In Watertown the committee will be represented by H. A. Frank, ’01, faculty director of athletics, to whose aid a number of local old boys have already rallied. Note the additional contributions to the Gymnasium Fund: $10.00 Lannon ............................ W. F. Albrecht---10.00 A. D. Bertling__ Chicago ............................ 10.00 Julius Brenner___ Milwaukee.......................... 10.00 Waukesha ........................ Paul Brockmann.. 10.00 Thiensville ....................... P. Burkholz.......... 10.00 Henry Geiger........ .Hartland ........................... 10.00 .Sheboygan ........................ Gustav Huette___ 10.00 .Milwaukee........................ Otto Hagedorn___ 5.00 F. Kammholz........ , Ixonia............................... 10.00 .Cedarburg ........................ A. W. Keibel........ 25.00 Milwaukee........................ Hermann Knuth.. 10.00 H. Lange.............. .Alois ................................. 10.00 .Milwaukee........................ Adolf Lederer........ 10.00 Milwaukee........................ Henry Martens... 10.00 So. Milwaukee.................. H. Monhardt........ 25.00 J efferson .......................... H. Roller Moussa. 10.00 Ft. Atkinson...................... A. F. Nicolaus___ 5 00 .Whitewater, 2d payment H. Ohde................. 20.00 Watertown ...................... J. H. Ott................ 10.00 .Cudahy............................. S. Ormsby............ 10.00 .Rich wood.......................... A. W. Paap.......... 25.00 , Waterloo .......................... M. H. Pankow... 10.00 . Mukwanago .................... L. Rader................ 50.00 .Mexico ............................. F. Sistermann---25.00 . Waterloo ......................... Albert Thirsten... 100.00 . Cowiche, Wash................. Wm. F. Weimar.. 10.00 .Waukesha ........................ Henry Wojahn...

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EH CM AIMES We extend a hearty welcome to the TIGER (Little Rock, Ark.). The October number is a very neat publication. The essay on “English and American Sports” contains fair descriptions of cricket, football, Rugby and baseball. The introduction to the article is a trifle too long, though. The mystery story, “Knife Marks,” is rather cleverly worked out. The author at least succeeds in holding his readers in suspense to the very end. Your editorials are fair, although some of them are slightly out of place through lack of a college notes column. The one on cheating is especially worthy of mention. Why don’t you criticise some papers in stead of making only short comments on them? THE COLLEGIAN is a very carefully edited paper, at least as far as the quality of its material is concerned. The story “Beatrice” is interest ingly rendered and the essay “Martyrs for a Nation’s Emblem” thought fully carried out. What we miss is definite headings for literary matter and school notes. We couldn’t find anything that sounded like an edi torial, either, and your exchange column ought to be developed. We hope to see you every month, with all possible improvements in your makeup. THE MANITOU, a new magazine, is very well edited, considering the inexperience which must be hampering the editors. The literary work in the November number is good, but you make the mistake of having only stories and no essays; that is almost worse than only essays and no stories. We must praise your efforts at poetry and the editorials are also to the point. The exchange column is of little value to any one, excepting that it fills up a little space. None of the criticisms have more than tweny-five words, and those are such as any one could make without reading the exchanges criticized. When we read the literary column of the AEROPLANE (Green Bay, Wis.), we were rather well satisfied. The story of “The Mile Run” is well executed, and the essay on Mackinac Island is both interesting and instructive. The comparatively large amount of poetry, too, is rather good. The jokes interspersed here and there ought to have been put into the joke column. But we could have forgiven that if it had not been for the last half of the paper. To see a page of ads. and editorials, athletics, etc., always changing off is so disgusting that one does not care to read the reading matter at all. It certainly is just as easy to have the ads in the front and rear of the paper as to have them printed the way you have it. If that is improved on, your paper is very acceptable to us. To judge from the comparatively small size of the November number of the RED AND BLUE, we fancy the editors of that paper had not yet quite overcome the indolence of vacation. The two stories are not at all original, the second one, “Traced,” containing too much of the bloodand-thunder matter, while the sketch on Holland is a very short and

200

THE BLACK AND RED.

somewhat crude effort. We differ entirely with your views concerning editorials. We have separate columns in which to discuss college activi ties. Editorials have the purpose of forming opinion among the boys on matters not discussed in the athletic or school note columns. It seems to be the habit of some staffs to jumble up the matter in their papers and to get everything into the wrong place. THE SANDBURR (York, Neb.) comes to us with a very solid literary column for October. “The Question and the Answer” is an ora tion on prohibition and is worked out very well, as the awarding of a prize also testifies. We cannot see how the author of “Individual Ac complishments” intends to justify the heading to his article. The intro duction, it is true, treats of such accomplishments, but the body of the essay treats entirely of prohibition. The other departments of your paper are also carefully attended to. But do athletics deserve a place before editorials?

THE BLACK AND RED.

201

L©€ALS Fred Born, Acc., spent Sunday, Nov. 27, at his home in Oconomowoc,

Wis.

Miss Caroline Haase of Randolph, Wis., a former member of the class of ’12, visited her brother, Martin, T2, from Nov. 24 to 26. Justus Ruege, ’13, went to his home in West Allis to attend a wedding on Nov. 25. Walter Reinemann, ’ll, was called home on Nov. 6 to attend the funeral of his grandfather at Cleveland, Wis. Messrs. W. Mucssing and R. Strauss visited recitations on Nov. 12. Messrs. W. Zibell and John Huebner of Waterloo, Wis., called on Albert G. Zibell, ’13, on Nov. 24. Mr. Fred Lutzke of Beaver Dam visited his son Paul, prep., on Thanksgiving. Fred Mannteufel, ’13, accompanied the footbal team to Appleton on Nov. 12, and visited his parents the week following. Mr. Albert G. Zibell, T3, spent Sunday, Nov. 13, with his parents at Waterloo, Wis. On Nov. 19, Wm. Block, prep., called on his parents at Fond du Lac. Carl Martin, Ac., on Nov. 12, accompanied the football team to Appleton and from there he went to his home in Green Bay to spend several days with his parents. Louis Mahnke, ’12, was called to the sick bed of his brother at Reedsville on Nov. 4. He returned on Nov. 12. Rev. John Glacser of Tomah, Wis., visited his son Martin, prep., on Nov. 10 and 11. Walter von Schlichten and Bernard Kupfer sj>ent Nov. 19 and 20 with the latter’s parents in Milwaukee. Walter Hillmer, T3, left on Nov. 29, for Westfield, Wis., to be present at the wedding of his brother. The following students spent Thanksgiving Day with relatives and friends, viz.: Arthur Werner, ’ll; Arthur Hanke, ’ll; Winfried Schaller, ’ll; Frank Reier, ’12; Karl Kluender, ’ll; Louis Mahnke, ’12; John Masch, ’12; Paul Froehlke, ’12; Louis Maas, ’12; Aug. Pamperin, ’12; Robert Starke, ’13, and Arthur Hoenicke, T4; also many members of the preparatory department, too numerous to mention. The following parochial school teachers visited friends and relatives at college during the days of the Teachers’ Conference meeting held at Watertown on Nov. 10 and 11, viz.: Prof. Reuter of New Ulm, Minn., Messrs. R. Strauss, G. Gimmler, Miss Frieda Schrader, Miss Angelica Gieschen, Miss E. Kionka of Milwaukee, Messrs. L. Serahn, A. Pape and H. Krause of Manitowoc, Mr. W. Muessing of Burlington, Miss O. Kehrberg of Marshfield, Miss L. Schroeder of Manitowoc, Miss D. Koehler of Hustisford.

202

THE BLACK AND RED.

COMPOS AMP Ct,ABBMOOM

—Xmas!! —Vacation! —Pottengucker. —O, you baby doll! —With many a tempest hadde his herd been shake. —Prof.: Form a sentence with “dull knife” in it. Sextaner: The dull knife was very sharp. —Sentiendi, dicendi, chocolate candy. —Sextaner (coming from football field) : Somebody kicked him in the sleepers (Schlaefen). —Gb-l-ts: I hate to write an exam, in the last hour. Kuckow: Why, what’s the matter then? G-bl-ts: Because I’m too hungry to think then. —Prof.: Why do the druggists use the denomination “drams?” Sextaner: To weigh postal cards. —Prof.: What did the people do with the slaves after Lincoln had freed them? Rooster: They sold them. —K-p-nk- (explaining his football fake plays) :0, we have one good one, a pendulm right (tandem right) formation. —Prof.: Correct this sentence, our teacher am in sight. Sextaner: Our teacher am a sight. —Prof.: What should a quotation begin with ? Star: With a semicolon. —Br-ck-bush: Why don’t you play in the band? Classmate: I don’t care to this year. Br-ck-bush: Well, next year I am going to play in the string band, too (orchestra). Sp-r-ng (in haste) : Luekel, give me your a—a—your circle maker (compass). —Pete: Where is my exbook? Sweetness: If you would have a string tied to it, it would be at the other end. — —Prof, (pointing upward): What direction is that called? Sextaner: North. —Prof.: Why? What is your reason? Sextaner: The Northern Lights are up there, only a little sideways. —K-p-nk-: How much did it cost you to get in the garret (balcony) ? —Sophy rode a pony, Teachers gave exam. Sophy said the pony Wasn’ tworth a-nything.—Ex.

THE BLACK AND RED.

203

—Prof.: If a person says something to you boys, then you always understand it in two ways. Edline: That is perhaps due to our having two eardrums. —Dr.: What was the name of the man who made a thermometer after Fahrenheit? I. Schr-d-r: That was Centigrade (Celsius). —Dr.: What are the tradewinds called in German? Nick: Die Handclswinde. Dr.: Pandaros hat also den Menelaos mit einem Pfeile verwundet was beging er damit? Prompter: Eidbruch. Mons: Er beging einem Einbruch. —Jitz: I have a bad sore here, I wonder what I can do for it? Luitsch Brown: Let me put some of this annointment (ointment) salve on it. —Red (reading): Do you see nothing there? Dr.: I actually believe he is trying to say noothing. Red: Well, then it must be, sec. Do you see noddings there? Prof.: Dcr Reim ist ja heut einmal einer der Hauptschoenheiten unserer ❖ * * Class: Anstalt. Prof.: Sprache. —Dr.: Was ist die Bulle unam sanctam? W-rl. Das ist ein Opferstier. —Heard in the smoking room: The different candidates—Pm going to run Republican; 1 Prohibitionist; I’m Democratic. Sclnift: Gust is going to run bow-legged. Prof, (in botany) : How do the leaves of corn protect themselves against over-evaporation? G-mm: By turning towards the afternoon (rolling up). Dr.: Was heisst gnome? Red: Die Meinung. Dr.: Nein, was wir hier gebrauchen. Prompter: Der Vers. Red: Hier muss es Pferd heiscn. —Lives of Seniors all remind us We should pay no heed to looks, But, departing, leave behind us Interlinings in our books. Interlinings which another, Toiling hard midst grief and pain, Some poor, forlorn and llunked-out fellow, Reading, ne’er shall flunk again.—Ex.

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E(S© CreniMB SttonadliKSS) ucadl S®dlci}i> —OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

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“Spaldings” [OFflClAL LEAGUE BAjfij

BASE BALL f always were I and always will be, the

“Standard ot the World” In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that. We carry a full line at all times.

WM. G. PRITZLAFF&CO,

Dealers in

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS 210 Main Street.

Watertown, Wis.

BANK OF WATERTOWN CAPITAL $150,000.

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

’Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to JOS.

KRUBSACK,

Manager.

' STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

THERE’S]-NOT A MAN IN TOWN interested in good clothes who won't be interested n examining these new arrivals from

HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX You'll find pleasure in looking at them; more pleasure in wearing them; there will be pleasure to us in both. The new shape-maker model—the latest words in clothes perfection is an exclusive HART, SCHAFF NER & MARX design. New colors are in Grey, Browns and Tans. Young Men's Styles a special feature. SUITS $20.00 TO $25.00

HERTEL & HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

BUY ONE FOR THE ROOM! AT KECK FURNITURE CO B FOR $2.75

I ■

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ADLER’S COLLEGIAN CLOTHES

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are clothes of established merit. Wear them this season, and you are sure to be in fashion. You can’t go wrong on Collegian Clothes. They are made of the very best fabrics, by highly skilled workmen, in modem, sanitary tailor shops. They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them.

Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. F. Brandt & Son Co.

■■

Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

“PURITY and QUALITY” OUR !

MOTTO

THE CANDY SHOP DURANT & O’BYRNE HOME MADE

CANDIES

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AND ICE CREAM

1 I

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

Dentist

Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

Removed to Cor. First and Main Streets

Telephone No. 258

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries

CLIFTON

BEDFORD

*$6 In. high

2^in.h1gta

vhe 3\£ew Arrow fACotch COLLARS 1B«., l for CCc.

Clnett, Teabody & Co., Makers

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies. REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm WATERTOWN, WIS.

JAEDEGKE & GRAMS 6u-6i3 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : :

Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

F. J. KOSER

BAKER “THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD” 0 a

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS ;o to—

Motl's Ground Floor Studio

111 S. Second St.

!i;

312 Main Street REMEMBER quality remains after price is forgotten. A good Fountain Pen makes a superb gift for cither an or woman who docs any amount of writing. Sec our splendid assortment of PARKER FOUN TAIN PENS. Price $J.OO to $6.00 at

EBERLE’S DRUG STORE Telephone 272-X

204 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

I ;

Try a Sample of our

905 Main St.

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

BOWLING

ALLEYS

Billiard and Pool Tables ....Also a Choice Line of.... CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 202-204 Madison Street

Watertown, Wis.

FOR CHRISTMAS NOTHING COULD PLEASE MORE THAN A BEAUTIFUL HOLIDAY BOX OF FAMOUS

mrnm

TOEand

MEN’S HOSE

The socks need no comment. Their reputation is world-wide. The Box is handsomely done in colors after an oil painting by a distinguished artist.

FOUR PAIRS AND THE BOX FOR $1.00

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wis.

313 Main Street

Chas. A. Gamm

W. D. SPKOESSER & GO.

The Corner Druggist

JEWELERS

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 M&in St.

PIANOS AND ORGANS

’Phono No. 43 ’PHONE NO. 209-T

111 MAIN ST.

Give us a Call We’ll Try And Please You

F©n=

WATERTOWN. WIS.

Fnft anndl Fs©n®iiiiy WEAR

Vick

Manufacturers oi High Grade

ICE CREAM AND CANDIES

LEO RUESGH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

EAT THE BEST

W. C.

will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. CaM at 107 West Main Street. Tt I5CO.NMUK

rt ATBSTOWY.

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE’S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

Jabnke Creamery Co. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

' . !

SaWWWWWWWW1TH!H!HTFWW!irWW!!fWHTMTM!MTM!F!TMTF^ 3 THE VERY MINUTE. The very minute that you need that next pair of ^ Shoes we want to talk with you. ^ Meanwhile—every time you pass our window, take a minute and take a look. Notice how altogether “snappy” those Keith's 3jj Konquerors are. And when you get your feet in a pair of 'em 3 you'll certainly know what “foot comfort” is.

W/M. GORDER CO. | 604-608 Main Street

^UlUMkWiUMHUUlUUUIUUWJUiUitUUWWiUR

F. G. KECK & CO. THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE STORE

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

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FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND UP —Everything in—

FURNITURE 110-112 Main St.

Watertown, Wi*.

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

JOHNE. HEISMANN U6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags. Banners, Belt Buckles. Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Military and Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0.

Something Important 0 0 1

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company (£. ^cirltcri

E. H. COOK, M. D. Practice limited to

TEACHER OF

Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. tn.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Sundays, JO to l a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hertel & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wis.

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT

3{tiatusr Violin nnh ^nrmrntg Watertown’s Exclusive 109 fflaitt &t. ©I|irb 3Flonr )

HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

dr. t. f. shinnick OFFICE HOURS: 2 TO 4

and

9 TO 11 A. M.# to

8 P. M.

OFFICE. 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Stre»'

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY

W. A. Krahmer 114 W. Main

. t

Tel. 155-Y

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS for the C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. and T. M. E. R. and L. CO. Watertown, Wisconsin

Painters and Decorators 202 Main Street

Telephone 512

cent

CIQ-ARS

ABE ALWAYS GOOD

fci i;: •: :

THE

HOME

QUALITY

GROCERIES

Those After Meal Siestas, With Cigar or Pipe in Easy Chair, Will Be Found Much More Enjoyable If Said Meals Consist of Our Quality Groceries! TRY

THESE—THEY’LL

New German Dill Pickles Complete Line of

Cigars and Smoking Tobaccos

PLEASE!

Daily Churnings Fancy Gilt Edge Creamery Butter New Canned Goods OF ALL KINDS

FRED BITTNER

WATERTOWN, W1S.

501-503 N. FOURTH ST.

W. F. Gruetzmacher 313 Main St Watertown, Wis. IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST STORE TO DO YOUR TRADING

We handle most everything in all kinds ot merchandise. We buy direct and get syndicate prices. We are headquarters for 5 AND lO CENT GOODS AND STATIONERY

WM. KREBS —Dealer In—

STAPLE and FANCY GROCERIES, CANDIES, ETC. Telephone 2 J5-X

605 Main St.

“THE JUNIATA” WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of CIGARS, TOBACCO AND PIPES We Solicit Your Patronage

C. BUERGER’S MEAT MARKET FRESH AND SALT MEATS SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second Street

F. UTTECH & SON The Best Place in Town for

FANCY GROCERIES AND FRUITS Third and Market Sts.

Telephone 67-Y

OFFICE HOURS:

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 F. M.

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

LOOT® EL 'MOWACW PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON >

313 Main Street Above Brennecke's Drag Store

Reaideace 809 Main Street

Telephone 144

Watertown, Wisconsin

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Ben If/. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

Photos

EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! S Haircuts for Sl.00 604 Main Street Watertown,

DONNER GALLERY WATERTOWN PHOTO CO. 114 S. Third Street Special Rates made to Students Before going home buy your

XMAS GIFTS i

Wisconsin

SCHLUETER BROS. MERCHANT 10c. CIGAR and ARC 5 c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL 106 Main Street

Watertown. Wla

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Makers of

Fine Athletic »< Sporting Goods

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

QHAS. Jp SAUCK'S

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Jeweler end Optician 1 and 3 Main St.

On the Bridge

Milwaukee, WIs.

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TRADE WITH

Schempf the Druggist

“He Treats You Right"

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January and February

CLEARANCE SALE Of Our Season’s End Goods.

Offering

All Winter Merchandise at Tremendous Reductions, Covering our Regular Lines. No Job Lots Bought for Special Sale. jy VERY customer who knows the quality of our merchandise will not hesitate to take advantage of these prices if he is in need of any of the goods represented, and very few people do not require some of the articles that are included in this sale. There is never an inducement offered in price unless there is real value in the goods so reduced. That is the point we want to emphasize—we have no object in making these reductions except to clear our stock of styles that we prefer not to carry over.

is our policy to clear out each season’s goods and start with a fresh line.

This is the time to make your money go the farthest

distance.

;

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. CORNER MAIN AND THIRD STS.

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

(§)/#v®v®^Sv#v5^#\S/®/#v^/SvSvSvSvSvovSv'S\S/Sv#v#v®v®vSN THERE’S NOT A MAN IN TOWN interested in good clothes who won't be interested n examining these new arrivals from

HART, SCHAFFNER 8c MARX You'll find pleasure in looking at them; more pleasure in wearing them; there will be pleasure to us in both. The new shape-maker model—the latest Iwords in clothes perfection is an exclusive HART, SCHAFF NER & MARX design. New colors are in Grey, Browns and Tans. Young Men's Styles a special feature. SUITS $20.00 TO $25.00

HERTEL 8c HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

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DIRECTORY. Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. U.

THE COLLEGE. ■

Prof. A. F. Ernst •Dr. A. Hocrmann Dr. J. H. Ott

President......... Vice President Secretary......... ALUMNI.

........... Rev. W. Huth ...........Dr. J. H. Ott ...........Rev. F. Schumann ........... Rev. Chr. Sauer

President..................................... .... Vice President and Treasurer......... 2nd Vice President........................... Secretary............................................

■

NORTHWESTERN CLUB.

11 •

President......... Vice President Treasurer....... Secretary.........

Dr. F. F. John .Louis Ungrodt •Dr. Kbcrhardt Notz Julius J. Dammann ATHLETIC BOARD.

President. Treasurer Secretary.

.A. Berg, ’ll ,J. Masch, T2 .L. Mahnkc, T2

Schweppe, ’ll

Kluender, ’ll BAND.

Director........... President......... Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer.......

ORCHESTRA.

!■

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Prof. H. Frank .L. Mahnke, ’12 .C. Kluender, ’ll R. Bartz, T2 ,H. Pankow, ’12

Director.......................... President........................ Vice President............... Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. A. Kuhn .C. Kluender, ’ll .G. Schley, ’ll A. Hanke, ’ll MALE CHORUS.

Director........................... President......................... Vice President.............. . Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. C. Bolle A. Berg,’ll C. Kluender, ’ll , E. Reim, ’ll MILITARY COMPANY.

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President......... Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer.......

A. Hanke, ’ll J. Masch, *12 P. Froehlke, 12 .P. Eggert, T2

THE BLACK AND RED.

m Volume XIV.

■mmm

Watertown, Wis., January, 1911.

Number 8.

THE WITCHES IN MACBETH. The play of Macbeth cannot be called a historical play, though the chief personages that appear in it arc connected with history. On the contrary, it is somewhat of a mythical play, for the witches and their functions are the nucleus about which the play grows. One will find, therefore, that the witch scenes are scattered throughout the play, and that the weird sisters are always the cause of Macbeth’s crimes, for not only do they tempt him, but they lead and direct him who follows as if blindfolded on the bloody path, onward, downward, to his own de struction. Their power of prophecy has led some Shakespearian scholars to believe that Shakespeare, when he wrote the play, had in mind the three Fates of Roman mythology—Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos; or the Norns of Scandinavian mythology—Urda, representing the past; Vardandi, the present, and Skulda, the future. As a proof for their views they refer to the meeting of the witches with Banquo and Macbeth, on the heath. They point out that the first witch dwells on the past, hailing Macbeth as “Thane of Glamisthat the second witch hails him by the

206

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title he has just been honored with, “Thane of Cawdor,” and that the third witch foretells the future, hailing him as ‘‘king that shalt be.” Other critics and scholars are, however, inclined to believe that they were intended to be real witches—that is, the witches in whose exist ence the people of England at that time believed. But, whatever may have been the intention of Shakespeare as regards the classification of the witches, it is sufficient to say that none of the views can be absolutely proved, for a careful observer of the play will not fail to note that the Norn element is embodied in the speeches of the weird sisters after the entrance of Macbeth and Banquo, while the witch element predominates in the former part of the scene. Their classification, however, is of little importance for the appreciation of the drama itself. What is of more importance is, first, to note the stage effect, the interesting scenes that they add to the play, and, secondly, their special function throughout the drama. That the witch scenes are interesting, surely all must admit, for to see a dimly lighted stage; the steaming cauldron; the bearded, ragged, ugly women encircling it, chanting their incantations, must certainly leave a vivid impression upon an audience, and especially upon the audience of Shakespeare’s time. For at that time nearly everybody believed in witches. Books were written about witchcraft, and charms to protect against harm from the witches found a ready market. Natur ally the people would be anxious to see such supernatural beings, about which so much had been written, and whom all dreaded. Thus, a play which contained witches was sure to be favorably received by the public. This Shakespeare, a past master in the art of writing plays, was not slow to recognize, and he portrayed these secret and “midnight hags” and their infernal practices in the most striking manner. Stage effect and interesting scenes, however, arc not the only reasons that induced Shakespeare to introduce the witches into his play. A close observer will notice that there are two subtle yet distinct functions of the witches, which could not have escaped the poet of all ages. The first of these functions is to express Macbeth’s most secret thoughts. This they could be made to do, as it was the common belief, at that time, that witches were able to read the inmost thoughts of man. This not only enabled Shakespeare to avoid many a monologue, by having these “midnight hags” disclose Macbeth’s dark desires, thus giving an additional interest to the secret as laid bare, but it also intro duced the party of the counterplay, by giving Banquo an opportunity to hear, as it were, Macbeth himself making him his confidant. Thus Banquo, one might say, becomes the projected conscience of Macbeth, just as the witches are his projected thoughts. Just as Macbeth’s own conscience warned him not to do the deed, so Banquo was ever warning him, and urging him to beware of the weird sisters. How earnestly he pleads with his friend: “But ’tis strange: And oftentimes, to win us to our harm,

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The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s In deepest consequence.” Thus the powerful factor of the party of the counterplay is most skillfully introduced, and the progress of the action, as far as Banquo is concerned, is controlled by the witches. After Macbeth had disregarded all these warnings and had com mitted the crime, his conscience, naturally, bothered him—so did Banquo. He tried to rid himself of both these unwelcome reminders, and in part succeeded—he succeeds in killing Banquo. But just as Fleance escaped, of whom the witches had prophesied that he should be the father to a line of kings, leaving the “fit” of restless fear to rouse Macbeth from his very sleep, so will his conscience not altogether be “murdered,” but will elude all attempts of him who would hesitate at nothing to have it silenced. Thus the witches make possible the dialogues between Mac beth and Banquo, and are the cause of his death, heaping another crime on the burdens their victim has already to bear. The weird sisters, however, have another function to perform, quite as important for the development of the plot. They not only reveal Macbeth’s secret thoughts, but they are themselves the instigators, the aids, helpers; in other words, the embodiment of the evil element that is ever ready to tempt and lead on to destruction those who will not listen to the dictates of their conscience, and who then “must serve the devil as slaves, if they will not decide to serve God as freemen.” This second function of the supernatural element in Macbeth tends to portray in a vivid manner the characters of Macbeth and Banquo. What a con trast—both saw the witches; both heard them speak; both were tempted, and yet one remains loyal to his king, while the other lends a favorable ear to their pernicious temptations, thus ever encouraging them to go further in their designs. For it was believed that witches only tempted those who were likely to yield to their power, and left unmolested those who would not listen to them. Thus Banquo was hereafter left alone, while Macbeth, as he still harbored the thoughts of becoming king, was haunted by them. They never left his thoughts, he remembered their words at all times, and brooded over the meaning. They preyed upon his very soul, and gave him no rest, until finally they forced him to surrender himself to their will, till he can no longer gain a foothold or turn back— “I am in blood Steep’d in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning would be as tedious as to go o’er.” Thus we hear him despairingly say, and as he has surrendered him self to the guidance of these powers of darkness, who aim only at his destruction, “deceived him with honest trifles only to betray him in deepest consequence,” from them his reward will come. At last, how ever, they cannot deceive him any more; he becomes aware that they have played falsely with him, and with the golden crown with which

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they had lured him on slipping from his grasp, and nothing but death and dishonor staring him in the face, the disillusioned victim cries out: “My way of life Is fall’n into the sear, the yellow leaf; And that which should accompany old age, As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, I must not look to have; but, in their stead, Curses, not loud but deep, mouth-honour, breath, Which the poor heart would fain deny, and dare not.” But although he sees that they have deceived him, that all Scotland is up in arms against him, that he has been led up to a dizzy height only to be hurled down into the yawning abyss beneath, he still fights bravely on, dying a warrior’s death, which we do not begrudge him. Thus fearfully does Shakespeare picture the powers of evil passions and influences with those who worship no other god than the desires of their own black heart—a terrible lesson, but one worth the learning. R. H. S., T3.

CHRISTMAS AND CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS.

(Copy received too late for December issue.—Ed.-in-Chief.) For many ages the holy seers prophesied the coming of the Deliverer, and generation after generation, the Chosen People of the Covenant had cherished in their hearts the hope in the promise that was the nation’s greatest treasure. Up to the time when the long-hoped-for Messiah at last came, the promise was to Israel only, but when the Star rose out of Jacob, its light penetrated the remotest regions of the earth, and has since continued to shed its benign rays on all mankind. During the sixty generations that have since passed, folk-lore and popular phantasy have enwreathed the picture of the Nativity, as given to us by the evangelists, with many beautiful customs, which have sur vived the practical sagacity of morose cynics and of those who, con sidering the celebration of Christinas a mere popular weakness, hope to promote their own commercial interests only. Although many of the early usages seem to us strange, and often even vulgar, they usually have an historical background, having very often originated in the rites of our heathen forefathers. Thus our accustomed observance of Christmas on the twenty-fifth of December has been accounted for. There has always been a tendency among the heathen peoples to adore the sun. The Romans observed the winter solstice as the festival of the Saturnalia, and the Goths and Saxons kept the same event as the festival of Yule. In the early part of the Christian era, the birth of the Savior had been commemorated by the Christians, although no fixed date had been

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agreed upon. We hear of the December date in 378, when Pope Liberius introduced it in Byzantium; and on December twenty-fifth, 386, St. John of Chrysostom writes that this day had been celebrated at Antioch for the ten preceding years. But already before this time certain Chris tians of the Eastern Latin Church had celebrated this day. It was later universally adopted, although some have argued that, as in De cember the rainy season prevails in Palestine, it would appear im probable that shepherds should herd their flocks during that period. The earliest universal Christmas customs and usages found soil in jovial England. Thus Alfred did not allow the destruction of his army by the Danes in 878 to interrupt his Christmas revelries. The majority of Christmas usages still existing in England are relics of the ceremonies prevalent among the early pagan inhabitants of old Albion; the hanging up of the mistletoe is a derivation of a ceremony practiced by the ancient Druids, the mistletoe that clung to the trunks of the sacred oaks being cut down with a golden sickle by the Prince of the Druids. Hanging from the center of the ceiling at Christmas time, the mistle toe affords a most precarious shelter for English maids. The English Lord of Misrule, a degeneration of the ancient Prince of Druids, chosen king of the Christmas festivities by “all the wilde heades of the parishe,” often broke in upon the devotional worship of the peaceful people with his boisterous, hilarious train, “though the minister be at praier or preaching,” as the old chronicle says. Against this licentious misdemeanor the zealous Puritans vehemently protested, and in 1643 the Roundhead Parliament passed an act pro hibiting the observance of Christmas, Easter and Whitsuntide. But the good Londoners resisted, and continued to relish their Christmas plum-porridge and ale, as before. Even as late as 1621 we hear of the New England Governor Bradford rebuking “certain lusty yonge men” for observing Christmas day in a manner abhorrent to the rigid Puritan. The English Christmas festivities extended from the sixteenth of December to the sixth of January, and during that time the gentleman kept open house. All his servants, tenants and neighbors partook of his good cheer. A roasted boar’s head, garnished with bay and rosemary leaves, made its appearance on the board, and called to mind the tale of the Oxford student, who, journeying through a forest on Christmas eve, was attacked by a wild boar, but by thrusting a copy of Aristotle into the gaping mouth of the beast, choked it, and took its huge head with him for his Christmas dinner. Ale and wine were served in plenty to the merry round; plum pudding, mince pie, goose, and often roast beef, completed the feast. The mixture of oriental ingredients, in the mince pie was said to be a reminder of the myrrh and frankincense offered to the Infant King by the wise men of the East. After the Christmas dinner, the English were wont to pass the time with blind man’s buff, hunt the slipper, and other games. And all the while the yule log blazed on the hearth, “hallowing the roof tree” and

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“exorcizing all bad spirits,” as the good people said. The bearing the yule-log to its assigned place on the hearth was an occasion of a most momentous ceremony that still exists in the county of Devonshire, which was usually accompanied by the singing of Christmas carols and hymns. The knotty log was to be lighted by a carefully preserved brand of the last year’s log. Around the lustily blazing fire the company gathered in a ruddy faced circle, the elder members drawing before the minds of their juniors the spirits of past Christmas celebrations, while the holly-encircled brown bowl passed from hand to hand, filled to the very brim with the spicy wassail, on whose surface raisins and savory apples floated. Toasts were drunk to the health of everyone, to the health of the king and the impoverished wanderer, who by chance had entered to partake of the warmth and good cheer, at this time extended to all. Some of the old wassailers’ songs are still to be heard at Christmas or New Year’s time in such English counties as Gloucestershire. At early dawn, on Christmas morning, the English citizens would often be awakened from their drowsy sleep by the notes of the waits, usually students, who sang Christmas carols at the doors of the canons and other church dignitaries. And thus was merry Christmas celebrated in merry old England. Although many various ceremonies and customs took soil in England at an earlier date, few of them can vie with the beautiful customs of our German forefathers with respect to appropriateness and signification. Wherever Germans go they carry with them the custom of decorating a tree at Christmastide. It was thus that the Christmas tree was intro duced in England by the Hannoverian husband of the late Queen Vic toria. In the Christmas tree, with its radiant lights, is given us a symbol of the Christ born today at Bethlehem, who was himself the Tree of Life and the Eternal Light. In the Tabernacle of the Old Testament, the candlestick, the Menora, as instituted by Moses, was the bearer of light to the whole Tabernacle, and it symbolized the Word of God, that sheds its light throughout the world. Thus, too, the Christmas tree is hung with bright ornaments, apples and gifts, as the branched candle stick in the Tabernacle was adorned with golden chalices, flowers and fruits. The gifts are reminders of the great gift, the Christ, sent to all mankind by the Father from above. The green tree amid snow and ice is the emblem of hope conquering over darkness and death. The hymns and carols sung every Christmas are echoes of the praise offered to God by the multitude of the heavenly host over Bethlehem’s fields. In tropical countries German settlers have substituted the palm as a Christmas tree for the northern evergreen. In the house of the great Reformator, Luther, at Christmas time, a circle of happy children closed around the doctor, who accompanied their Christmas songs on his guitar. He himself composed Christmas

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songs that soon were sung throughout Protestant Christendom and have remained gems among Christmas music. A time-honored German usage called for the singing of a hymn, from the church belfry tower, by a chorus of school boys selected for the purpose. It was for this occasion that Luther in 1535 composed the hymn, “Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her,” and in the same year it was sung by the happy little circle in the Luther home. It was furthermore customary at the Ref ormation period to erect in the churches a miniature manger, with small carved figures, portraying the adoration of the Holy Child by the wise men. And in similar manner Christmas is celebrated in our days, both in Germany and America. What a contrast between the spirit that domi nated in the modest chamber at Wittenberg, where the little group was singing its Christmas chorus, and the spirit that lorded it over the mob of noisy English revellers with the Lord of Misrule at their head, cele brating Christmas as a drinking bout. The increasing popularity of Christmas celebration caused the spring ing up of a new industry, the manufacture of toys, ornaments, sweet meats and all the other requisites of a modern Christmas. What a gay spectacle the Leipziger Messe or the market of an old German city like Nuerenberg or Freiburg offers! Between long rows of booths, where venders of fruit, toys, “Lebkuchen,” “Marzipan,” and Christmas trees of all sizes, display their wares, a jolly crowd of shoppers surges to and fro. The “Pfefferkuchen,” or spiced cakes, that have become essential to every German Christmas, arc largely manufactured, in Thorn, a city of West Prussia, on the Vistula. Here is situated the large Pfeffer kuchen factory of Gustav Weese. Some of the ancient cake forms are still preserved here, that were used in Alt-Thorn as early as the seven teenth century. Forms of knights and ladies, of the seventeenth century kings, and of St. George, the dragon-slayer, seem to have been favorites in the old times. Recently a gigantic “Pfefferkuchen,” modeled after the Kaiser Wilhelm monument in Thorn, was baked. It is said that a nun baked the first “Pfefferkuchen” in the quiet of her cell, wishing to help in the busy preparations for Christmas carried on outside of the monastery walls. The Thuringian city, Sonnenberg, furnishes the Christmas marts of Germany, Austria and England with dolls and painted toys. In the land of dikes and windmills the sixth of December is celebrated as St. Nikolaus Day. Then good St. Nikolaus comes, distributing gifts to those children whose conduct during the past year has merited such rewards, while his companion, long-bearded Knecht Ruprecht, with his switch and his sack, inspires fear in conscious-stricken miscreants. At this time the neat Dutch kitchen is filled with savory odors, for the Dutch dame makes numerous preparations for the coming holiday sea son, when the wooden-shoed youngsters consume astonishing quantities of sweetmeats or “Iionig-Koeken.” In certain ancient Dutch villages

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the young men of the community march in procession through the streets on Christmas eve, bearing at their head an illuminated star, commonly known as the star of Bethlehem. As they proceed, they receive volun tary contributions, which are distributed among the poorer villagers. Arrived at the house of the burgomaster, they are, according to old usage, hospitably received by that worthy dignitary. It is not difficult to see that the English and American Santa Claus is a variant of the Dutch St. Nikolaus, St. Niclaes or San Claas, as also the name Kriss Kringle is a derivation of the German “Christkindchen,” the Christ-child. The long row of stockings hung on the flue Christmas eve by expectant American youngsters reminds us vividly of the clumsy wooden shoes placed on the hearth-stone by the ruddy-cheeked little juveniles of Amsterdam. Popular superstition has given rise to many legends and beliefs concerning Christmas. A belief still lingers among the peasantry of certain parts of Europe that the cattle in the stalls fall on their knees at midnight in adoration of the infant King, as was done in the manger at Bethlehem. Furthermore, the cattle are said to have the power of speech and ghosts and witches are powerless in this night. Grimm has gathered Christmas sayings and beliefs as he found them current among the German peasantry. We are thus informed that— “If you steal hay the night before Christmas, and give the cattle some they thrive, and you are not caught in any future theftand “On Christmas eve put a stone on every tree and they will bear the more.” Few Christmas legends express the true Christinas spirit of love, charity and fraternity among all men, in so simple and so beautiful a manner as that of the Christ-child, which bearing upon its shoulders a load of evergreens, wanders from house to house on Christmas eve, asking an alms of the inmates, and bestowing a blessing upon those from whom it receives benevolence. The holy Child, it is also said, often appears in the guise of a poor wanderer, as “one of the least of these,” and many charitable people were hereby induced to set a light in the window to guide the wanderer to their doors. The Nativity of Christ has been the subject of almost innumerable works of hymnology, painting, music and literature. Handel has made it the theme of his “Messiah,” and if we read Milton’s “Ode on the Nativity,” we seem to hear the pealing of an organ ringing through the solemn stillness of a cathedral. But through the harmonious notes of the music, in the perfected lines of the poem and on the features por trayed on the canvas, again and again it appeals to us, it is, always the same strain that lies in the simple words of Tiny Tim: • God bless us, Every one. E. S., T4.

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“HARDLUCK BILLY.” Darkness had already enveloped our lone and solitary hut. The splashing- of rain against the window gave us a feeling of unusual comfort as we were seated around the fire, indulging in most pleasant reminiscences of our last vacation’s outing. Only Bill, with a fixed, absent stare, maintained a most profound silence. We were all con vinced that he was either dreaming of his favorite dish or his turtle-dove. “The best thing I know of to eat,” interrupted Bill, “is speckled trout. The next best is duck, and the next is pig’s feet.” “Where does sauerkraut come in?” inquired Doc, after deliberately sending forth a half dozen rings of curling vapor on their uncertain journey toward the ceiling. “It doesn’t come in at all with me,” responded Billy. “Sauerkraut is all right for men with Ingersoll works, but for a seven teen-jewel movement like mine, it’s a little too strenuous. But a dainty brook trout fried brown—a-h-h! It makes my mouth water.” “How about trying the creek tomorrow for trout,” ventured Tommy, after a reflective pause, “instead of going for game in the woods?” This suggestion met the approval of all, and by common consent it was decided that Doc and Tommy were to take the main branch of the Wasatowa, while Billy and I were to try our luck along the other branch, a mere creek. I cannot recall an outing on which Bill did not accompany me. There would not be much zest in it without him. Something extraordinar)' was always sure to happen to him. In case that we should ever return to camp without an account of “Bill’s accident,” I for one could not but regard the expedition as an utter failure. It was yet dark when we rolled out the next morning. Doc, our cook, had already prepared a most delicious breakfast, which we con sumed with an appetite that would have done justice to our carnivorous friend of the pot. Bill was in high spirits when we started for the creek, which wound its course through the broad lowland at the foot of the forest. He insisted upon using a silk line and fly, but I persuaded him there were too many bushes and snags, and supplied him with a linen line and hook. He had no sooner than got the angle-worm’s feet in the water when he landed a big trout. Well, did you ever see a man get excited. He sat there patting that trout as though he had suddenly realized a “pipe-dream.” Of a sudden the little rascal gave a flop out of his hands, two more, and into the water. Bill’s heart was broken right there. I told him to go up stream, while I’d go down, which we did. I fished for some time, but the fish were too eager to bite to afford any sport. Thinking I had quite enough, I slowly fished my way up stream in the direction of Bill. I had not gone more than a quarter of a mile when I met a country lad looking quite happy.

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“Hello, sonny l Did you catch any?” “No—I’m goin’ home t’ show maw my money.” “Money! Where did you get it ?” Sold my fish t’ man up there for fifty cents apiece. He said he’d give me fifty cents a head fer all I ketched.” “Well—well! Here, sonny, take my fish and sell them to him for the same price. Make him buy them.” The boy hastily picked them up and started in quest of Bill. I slowly fished up stream, trying to get a few to show my friend.. In the mean time I met Louie coming back, his face beaming with joy as he held out a wad of bills that might have stuffed a sofa pillow. “What did he say?” I inquired. “Ii-h-he d-did-didn’t like t’-t’-take ’em, b-but I told hi-m h-h-lie had t\”

“That’s right, my boy. You’ll be president some day. Now go home with your money, get down Montgomery-Ward’s catalogue and pick out a fine airship. He left me instantly and trotted home with a flushed face over his good fortune. Presently I came upon Bill sorting his fish in the shade of the bushes, and to all appearances the happiest man on earth. His split-bamboo rod was inclining against a dead tree about a rod distant. “Get any?” I ventured. “Sure!” “How many?” “Oh, I don’t know! Too many to count.” “How are your worms holding out?” I inquired while passing him. At this inquiry he seemed surprised and puzzled, but for a moment only, for being equal to the occasion, he replied calmly, “Have been using flies.” “Well, Bill, I see you have had better luck than I. There is a prom ising pool across the creek from you, which I am going to try if I can manage to get there.” I had not gone more than three rods up-stream, when I came upon a natural bridge formed of driftwood. This I crossed and having reached the pool had just begun to fish, when a low grumbling reached my ears, which came from the direction of a lowing herd on the upland lawn. One of the herd was slowly making his way in our direction, but as 1 waved my red handkerchief at him he immediately quickened his pace. Bill was ignorant of all this, being entirely absorbed with his trout. But as the grumbling grew on our ears he finally seemed to notice it. “Cows are coming, I presume,” said Bill carelessly. “Yes, it sounds that way,” said I. We were interrupted by a little red bull coming around the bend. Mr. Bull did not notice me, for I was quite hid by bushes, but he did notice Bill. He started up, stared at the bull for a moment, and then began to make friends by saying, “So, bossy, so!”

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“Bill,” I exclaimed, “if I were in your place I’d take to the woods.” The woods in his case consisted of the tree about a rod distant, with Bill’s fishing rod courteously added. I was almost sorry now for having put my friend in such a dilemma, although he was not playing a fair game with me. Bill turned short—and darted for the tree. He had just swung him self on a limb, when the bull shot under him, shivering his precious fish ing rod. " I lay in my shelter watching Bill and the bull for nearly an hour. He threatened and coaxed and used pet names, but all to no avail. “So, bossy, so,” did not have any more effect than the divers expressions he used not sanctioned by the dictionary. Mr. Bull had made up his mind to stay. This was getting quite tiresome, and I was in the act of helping Bill out of his predicament, when a herd of swine appeared around the same bend. I quite anticipated what would follow and hastily withdrew into the bushes so as not to scare them away. My anticipations were soon realized. Bill roared and “shoo’d,” but the omniverous porkers were staid in their purpose, for they had just begun a meal on fifty-cent trout. This* was too much for me. I rolled over on my back and laughed till I had a little puddle of tears near each ear. Bill, meanwhile, was giving vent to his feelings in the strongest language at his command, and to do him justice, I think that his vocab ulary met all the requirements of his peculiar position. The porkers were already ambling down the creek, having finished their rare repast, but Bill was yet in the hospitable tree, with his for midable enemy posted below as sentinel. I arose, leaned up against the fence and inquired as unconcernedly as I could, “Flow are you coming, Bill?” “The way that bull is regarding me I think I won’t be coming at all for the next few hours.” “Ko-boss! Ko-boss! Ko-boss!” faintly came from the distant hill. The bull listened an instant, looked up at Bill as if to say, “I hate to leave you, for I have enjoyed myself immensely,” then started off across the field at a gentle trot. Without a word. Bill dropped from the tree, caught up a shiver of his rod and started off across the field, chasing the porkers. When he returned half an hour later, with a scowl on his face, he vowed never to go trout fishing again. What calamity overtook the satiated porkers is beyond my knowledge, for Bill never spoke a word on our way to camp. Both the other boys returned, their baskets filled; and the despond ency of Bill quickly passed away as we sat down to our dinner, which consisted of speckled trout and other good cheer. REINHOLD FENSKE, T4.

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THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by tbs Stsdents af the Northwesters University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, #1 W BDSIMCS9 MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, Ml# PAUL FROEHLKE, #12 .

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Contribution* to the Literary Department aro requested from alumni and undorgraduaten. All Iterary matter should be addressed to the EdItor-in-Chlof and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. SIqrIo copies, lOconta. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify ua if you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued. The Black and Red Is forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation is recolved and until all arrearages are pnld. Entered at the Postofflce of Watertown, Wis., as second-class matter.

NEW YEAR. With the new year the students have again returned to their books and studies, let us hope all refreshed and cheered by the vacation, which was somewhat longer this year, as school had to be closed two days earlier on account of four slight cases of scarlet fever. Now the boys have returned again, most of them with greater ambition and new reso lutions. We wish that everybody may see the good results of resolu tions well carried out. The strange part about most New Year’s resolutions, however, is that they are in the most cases broken almost as soon as made. It is sad to say, but New Year’s resolutions have become a standing joke. If everybody at the death of the old year would look at the decline and decay pervading all nature, we could not but be led to consider our own mortality, and try to do our best toward our Creator and our fellow man while we travel here below. Then New Year’s resolutions would not be a joke, but a thing of importance and a blessing indeed. For what would not be the result of resolutions, to love your neighbor, to do your duty, to strive for the betterment of mankind, if carried out? ; i ■

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EVANESCENT CHRISTMAS SPIRIT. With the passing of the holidays one essential of Christmas that would be well to preserve throughout the year also ceases utterly. It is the Christmas spirit of benevolence, charity and forgiveness, or the spirit of love. For a few brief days man recognizes others as his fellow dwellers on this mortal sphere. Impelled by this spirit, man does not only give love tokens to those he loves and who love him, but gener ously gives to those who have not wherewith to requite him, yes, his enemy even is hailed with a hearty “Merry Christmas” and “Happy New Year.” And it is not affected or false. It is but the result of the doings and feelings of his surroundings which lets a glimpse of the real, the better man, escape for once. But with the holidays the holiday spirit also vanishes, as though it had been stored away with other useless gifts. The old scowl returns at the sight of an enemy, discontent and anger rule supreme at home, the beggar, instead of the extended hand, meets with a cold stare. Why should this unselfish spirit die of an almost instantaneous death, die before it has time to bring results? Let us all strive to encourage the lasting growth of the Giristmas spirit among us, let our everyday greeting sound as pleasant as our “Merry Christmas,” that this spirit may become a part of our very nature. SUCCESS. “The man who succeeds above his fellows is the one who, early in life, clearly discerns his object, and towards that object habitually directs his powers.” For such a man it would not matter how hard any thing might be, or how seemingly impossible, he would do it if he thought that it would prove of value to him. He would not allow his moods to stand in the way of his judgment, but would force himself to do everything promptly. This is the way the student should be. Stu dents who consult their moods, their preferences or their ease never make a great success of their studies. It is the student who gets a firm grip on himself and forces himself to study everything that he has to who succeeds. The student who goes through his college life “picking out the flowers and avoiding the thorns,” always doing the easy things first and delaying or putting off altogether, if possible, the harder things, does not develop the brains and strength that would enable him to do hard things when he is forced to do them. Therefore, boys, if you wish to succeed, study.

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THE BLACK AND RED. FINAL EXAMINATION WEEK.

One of the inhumane institutions that one would take for a remnant of the barbarous middle ages, but nevertheless is only too modern, is the final examination week. For six days straight, enlightened and Christian professors exert their utmost cunning to torture the life out of the poor candidates for a degree. Without a bit of rest the student is passed from one torture to another, from mathematics to psychology, from philosophy to Latin, from history to Hebrew, etc., ad infinitum. The mental strain is enormous. Hardly has one examination passed when another follows, and after that the long night of cramming, and thus on for six days or more. It is a third degree in the full sense of the expression. Do not speak about the cruelties of the modern crim inal court, look at the institutions of learning that resort to equally obnoxious means. If the examination week is instituted to urge, yes, to force one to study, this system is a failure. The examinations follow so rapidly that there is very little chance of reviewing a subject. Then, too, a man’s memory has its limits—at least psychology teaches us so, and practical experience demonstrates it—and therefore nobody ought to be expected to know all that he heard or read during a whole year. You may say he does not have to know everything. If that is the case he might unfortunately just not know the very thing that is asked. If the examinations are given merely to ascertain what a student has learned, we feel for the poor professor who has not been able to ascertain this during the year, and must resort to examinations to do so. We are fortunate indeed in being able to say that this practice does not prevail at our school, although there are many schools at which it exists.

NOTICE! The editors of the Black and Red kindly ask all those subscribers who have not as yet paid their subscription to the paper to do so at the earliest moment possible. A new staff of editors will take charge of the paper in April, and we would like to have all subscriptions paid up before that time.

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COLLECT MOTES LYCEUM. Toward the end of the last term the Lyceum Literary Society held a special meeting, in which the officers for the coming year were elected. The result was as follows: President, W. Reinemann; vice-president, F. A. Reier; secretary and treasurer, W. Wietzke. As a large number of new members was admitted, the society looks forward to a very successful year. On December 10 the following program was rendered: 1. Brass Sextette. W. Reinemann, President 2. Introductory Address....................... .............................W. Burk 3. Recitation—Der Handschuh............ .............................E. Quehl 4. Recitation—Russische Szene.......... .......................W. Hartwig 5. Recitation—Ride of Jennie McNeal 6. Dialogue—Kleider machen Leute.. Fischer, Ruege, Bruns, Masch, Keibel, Schliepsiek, Wietzke, H. Pankow. W. Hillmer 7. Declamation—The Tell-Tale Pleart Those who took part in the program rendered their parts with credit. The dialogue especially found favor with the audience. Mr. J. Krubsack was master of ceremonies, and Mr. W. Schaller, critic, for the occasion.

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THE NEW TERM. On the morning of January 4 recitations were again resumed after the Christmas recess. Shortly before the vacation several cases of scarlet fever were recorded, necessitating the close of the school two days before time, that is, Sunday instead of Tuesday. The patients have all recovered and, with one exception, returned to the institution. The beginning of the year was marked by the coming of Prof. M. Sprengling. He began his work immediately after our president, Prof. Ernst, had welcomed him and introduced him to the student body. In his address Prof. Ernst laid special stress on the fact that Prof. Sprengling was an alumnus of this institution, and therefore endowed with the true Northwestern spirit, a fact which will aid him greatly in his work. Several new students also registered with the beginning of the New Year.

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THE BLACK AND RED. A FRENCH VISITOR.

On January 11, M. Henri Mosse of Paris called at this institution. He is traveling through the world in the interest of the French GeoÂ graphical Association and will receive a prize of 50,000 francs at the end of his journey. In an address spoken in French he mentioned some of the places he had visited in his travels, Abyssinia, Turkey, Persia, China, Siberia, Japan, Alaska, Mexico, Canada, and many others. At present he is touring through the United States, calling at different colleges and universities. As he travels on foot, without any company save that of his faithful dog, and must provide for himself at the same time, a committee of juniors was appointed to take up a collection for his support.

READING ROOM. It probably will interest the graduates of recent years to hear that the location of the reading room has been changed. As the old location in the basement of the recitation hall was poorly lighted and ventilated, and as it could not be heated in the afternoon and evening, it was decided to move to one of the large rooms on the second floor of the old dormitory. One could immediately see that the change was appreÂ ciated by the student body, for the room is now crowded at hours when the old one was often entirely deserted.

CLASS PINS. The members of the Senior class have showed that they believe in taking time by the fore-lock. Even before Christmas they ordered their class pins and class pennants, worked out in designs of the class colors, silver-gray and purple. These have now arrived and are now decorating the coats of their proud possessors. At present they are considering the propositions of different firms who are soliciting an order for invitations.

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MRS. EDDY.

By the death of Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy, which occurred on December 3, 1910, the Christian Science Church has lost its founder and high priestess. Mrs. Eddy was in her ninetieth year when she died, being born on July 16, 1821, at Bow, New Hampshire. She was married three times, in 1843 to G. W. Glover, in 1853 to Dr. Daniel Patterson—this union ended in divorce after twenty years—and in 1877 to the late Asa Gilbert Eddy. Very few people knew Mrs. Eddy before she was sixty years old, for success came to her late in life. At sixty, however, she was the . leader of a small and new religious sect, which has since grown to an organization comprising about eighty-five thousand members in the United States. There are also several branches of the church in Eng land and on the Continent. As a writer, Mrs. Eddy is best known as the author of “Science and Health.” Every member of the Christian Science Church must possess a copy of this book, the price of which is very high—for that was one of the demands made by Mrs. Eddy upon her followers. Some of Mrs. Eddy’s other publications arc: “Rudimental Divine Science,” “Pulpit and Press,” and “Christian Science Versus Pantheism.” Whether the Christian Science Church will grow in the future with the same rapidity it has during the past years, or whether it will not, is questionable. It is hardly possible, however, that it will dissolve with the death of its leader. But that it all is a great aberration of the mind, we are firmly convinced.

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FINAL CENSUS RETURNS. The final results of the census taken during the months of April and May of last year, have been given out by E. Dana Durand, Director of the Census Bureau. The total population of the United States, in clusive of the Philippine Islands, Alaska, Hawaii and Porto Rico, is 103,992,757; that of the United States alone is 91,972,267. This number shows an increase in population of 22 per cent since 1900. The growth of the cities especially has been very large in the last ten years. The population of the rural communities, however, has not increased; in many states it has decreased. Iowa shows a loss in the population of its cities, and also a decrease in population in the rural districts. The State of Washington shows the largest percentage of gain, 120.4 per cent. New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Texas and Massachusetts are the most populous states in the union.

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THE BLACK AND RED. A GREAT GIFT FOR PEACE.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie made the announcement last December that he would transfer to a board of trustees the enormous sum of $10,000,000 in five per cent first mortgage bonds. The revenue of this large sum of money is not to be used for educational and philanthropical purposes, but for establishing a universal and lasting peace. This peace founda tion is to be perpetual, for Mr. Carnegie states in the terms of the charter that after the abolition of universal war the money “shall be devoted to the next most degrading evil or evils, the suppression of which would most advance the progress, elevation and happiness of man.” It is certain that everybody looks upon Mr. Carnegie’s gift as a generous provision for the public welfare. As to the question of wars, however, there is diversity of opinion. It is hardly possible that they will ever cease.

STATE COLLEGE EXECUTIVES MEET. The annual meeting of the presidents and deans of the colleges of Wisconsin was held at Milwaukee-Downer College of Milwaukee De cember twenty-first. Among the institutions represented were the Uni versity of Wisconsin, Beloit College, Lawrence College, Carroll College, Northwestern College, Marquette University, Ripon College, MilwaukeeDowner College and Milton College. President Ernst represented our institution. Dr. Van Hise of the state university was re-elected presi dent of the association and President Deland of Milton was chosen secretary. Papers were read by Dean Birge of Wisconsin and Dr. Plantz of Lawrence. The proposal to substitute Rugby football for the prevailing style was referred to the athletic conference. The asso ciation will next year be the guests of the University of Wisconsin at Madison.

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ALOMEO CENTENARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN. (A letter from John Whyte, ’05, published with the permission of Dr. W. F. Whyte.) The centenary of the Friedrichs Wilhelms Universitaet zu Berlin is a thing of the past, and the impressions of the various festivities which crowded themselves into three days are slowly resolving them selves into memories which I can transmit in their commensurate im portance to paper. The celebration in Berlin did not assume the elaborate proportions which characterized the celebration in Leipzig a year ago. A university in Germany but a hundred years old must recognize its extreme youth and the resultant “historical” limitations, when it must look up to Heidelberg and Leipzig, four hundred years its senior. It has not the history to look back upon which would make its historical representa tions or its relics of antiquity interesting. The magnificent historical pageant which marked the culmination of the Leipzig festivities was missing in Berlin. The breath of modernism which brought Berlin University into being was the characteristic feature of its celebration, and the few representations of German student life prior to 1810 seemed peculiarly artificial and out of place. In addition, the massive proportions and the manifold interests of the Grossstadt did not permit the celebration entirely to absorb the attention of the general public, and many a Berliner lived through the three days quite unconscious of the momentous festivities in the metrop olis. All that the Berliner had access to was the torchlight procession which passed through a part of the Tiergarten and Unter den Linden the first night of the anniversary. If chance or choice took him to that neighborhood, he will have seen it, but if he ventured to comment on the impressiveness of it, some provincial German, who from the banks of the Neckar had seen the Heidelberger students bearing their torches through the woods up to the Schloss, must have informed him that a torchlight procession in Berlin’s electric lighted'streets should provoke no expressions of delight. The Berlin University student fared but little better. He experienced no difficulty in obtaining tickets for the Gartenfest or the Kommers, but when he applied for tickets for the great Festakte, he was met with that peculiarly exasperating response “vergriffen (out of print or ex hausted). Many an alter Herr (old grad), relying on his Beamten titular preface Ober—something or other, thought it quite unnecessary to present his credentials in advance, and appeared the last minute, only to find that the tickets for the Gartenfest and even for the Kommers

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were vergriffen. There was nothing left for him to do but take the next train home and mutter curses at the Rector and the Jubilee Committee. But the Rector and the Jubilee Committee could not with all their good intentions do the physically impossible. For the two great Festakte the new university auditorium was at their disposal, which at the most does not seat over 2,000. After the court and the high dignitaries, imperial, Prussian, and civic, the foreign contingents, the 500 universityprofessors and instructors and. 500 additional family members had been taken care of, there were not many seats left for the 14,000 regularly matriculated and so-called “hospitant” students. Hardly one per cent gained admittance to the two important court functions. The corps were each represented by three members in “vollem ichs”—gala attire, the so-called free student body by an insignificant number of students, while the only other students admitted were the members of the chorus to which I had the good fortune to belong. I could not but feel par ticularly favored, realizing, as I did, in addition, that I was the only foreign student present at the two great functions. For weeks I had looked forward to the first Festakte. I knew that the royal family was to be present, and that the Kaiser was to speak. I had seen the German War God reviewing his troops at Potsdam, and at the Roosevelt celebration I had feasted for two hours on his looks, but I had never heard him give a public utterance. The Koenigsberger proclamation of divine right had made me all the more anxious to hear His Majesty, and I anticipated another disquisition on the same theme, the wonderful Hohenzollern forefathers, an apotheosis perhaps of that weak monarch, Fredrick William, the founder of the university. I knew that such a glorification of this particular ancestor would evoke another storm of protest from his subjects, whose cup of woe is almost full, and I had an inordinate, a wicked desire to hear some momentous procla mation. Besides, the Kaiser had been so peculiarly happy in his two public utterances after his Koenigsberger speech, that I felt as did a good many of his subjects that he was due for another bull. The magnificent new auditorium presented a brilliant and imposing spectacle at the hour appointed for the first Festakt. To the right and left of the rostrum sat the venerable “ordentliche” professors of the uni versity, all of whom have achieved international fame. In the parquet were the ministers, chamberlains, generals, and other imperial dignitaries in uniform and bedecked with orders. To their rear sat the representa tives of the various German and foreign universities. Perhaps the Kai ser s parade may be a more flashing spectacle to the senses, but the consciousness of the overwhelming power concentrated in these intel lectual elect, which almost seemed to radiate from their massive brows, lent an impressiveness to this scene which makes the brute force em bodied m a Kaiser’s maneuvers sink before it. Here were the leaders of German thought, the ambassadors of all the great powers, the repre sentatives of universities throughout the world, discarding all national-

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istic prejudices, bound together by a common search after truth. It was to this spectacle that the Kaiser was to add the additional pomp and splendor of the whole royal family. A fanfare of trumpets announced the entrance of the imperial family, and the vast assemblage rose to pay homage to the ruling house of the German empire. Prince Rupprecht, heir to the Bavarian throne, enhanced the imperial effect by his presence and softened, somewhat at least, the all too predominant Hohenzollern and Prussian tone of the celebration. I had plenty of opportunity to study the royal children during the three hours of ceremony. The princess has a sweet expression, but even the most ardent admirer of royalty could not call her pretty. The sons arc with one exception tall and thin and not properly filled out. Their features are not particularly regal, and I looked in vain for the lines of strength which their father possesses. I have even heard com ments on their effeminate appearance—their light complexions and their apparent inability to adorn themselves with “Schnurrbarts” worthy of the name (which appendages are still deemed attributes of manliness in Germany) contribute not a little to such expressions. But old Berliners to whom you confide your disappointment in the appearance of the princes will tell you that the Plohenzollerns are never impressive or handsome in their youth, and that the Kaiser, who certainly deserves these attributes now, was, as his father before him, quite unprepossessing in his younger days. After the royalty had been seated, the Rector Magnificus, Erich Schmidt, “der schoene Erich,” as the German comic papers call him, ascended the cathedra and delivered the address of welcome. Erich Schmidt has a fascinating presence, piercing brown eyes, a coal black mustache, and gray hair, physical qualities which combine with his Goethe profile to excite general admiration. He is a master of oratory, and many of his public utterances have, because of their noble rhetoric, become classic literature. But his introductory speech seemed perfunc tory enough, for the brilliant Erich, who was at his best in his speeches of thanks later, was in a few well chosen words but leading up to His Majesty’s speech. When he referred to the presence of royalty, an ominous silence seemed to seize the assemblage, and when he had fin ished and His Majesty, the Rector Magnificissimus, was to speak, the hush became oppressive. Prince Rupprecht rose first and presented the Kaiser with a manuscript, whereupon the Kaiser, with that majestic military bearing so characteristic of him, ascended the cathedra. All my malevolence had left me. I had come to hear the Kaiser repeat his divine right proclamation, to hear him perhaps run off on another tangent; but when the time came for him to speak, I could only hope and pray that he might be spared from saying anything which might widen the breech between him and his subjects,, and. my heart beat faster in the anxious fear that his romantic tendencies might again prove uncontrollable. When I told German students of my feelings, they answered that every German in the audience was likewise anxiously

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hoping and praying that the Kaiser might be spared the humiliation of more mistakes. An official in the bureau of the Oberpostdirektion told me that the same feelings pervaded his bureau and that again and again some one would remark: “Wenn Er nur nichts sagt.” (After the “nichts” assume “Unueberlegtes” or “Dummes.”) The Kaiser’s speech was a notable one, but notable in quite a different sense from that in its application to the Koenigsberger utterance. The contents will be generally known. The announcement of the gift of ten million marks, which he himself had raised, for the founding of institutes of research in which men of science can devote all their time and energy, attracted the most comment. It showed that the Kaiser recognizes that the strength of his empire’s greatness lies in the mag nificent educational system which Germany, still the land of poets and philosophers, has made subservient as no other nation has to the interests of the state politic. It hardly seems fair to attempt to answer the question which greeted me after this experience, “What sort of a speaker is the Kaiser ?” I can only give you my honest impressions and emphasize at the same time the circumstances which gave rise to them. On this occasion the Kaiser confined himself strictly to manuscript, a procedure which is said to be as unnatural as it is desirable for him. Only once did he take his eyes from his paper for any length of time and that was when he made refer ence to Deutsche Sitte and Deutsche Art, and it is safe to assume that this reference was contained in the manuscript. However that may be, it was at least his only attempt at rhetorical appeal. The Kaiser’s voice is rough and unpleasing, perhaps the result of the throat affections from which he suffered in former years. He read his speech slowly and delib erately; his voice dropped after every clause, giving his delivery a choppy effect. Whether this jerky, choppy delivery is the expression of his own nature or whether it was adducible in part to his reading from manuscript, I cannot say. If I am allowed to judge from this one occasion, I cannot agree with those who say that the Kaiser is a re markable public speaker—“fortreissend”—as I have heard Germans say. But perhaps a speech without manuscript delivered before his soldiers or sailors would reveal quite another orator. But the Kaiser still re mains, and anything uttered by Kaiser Wilhelm the Second could not but be impressive. And if it were possible to strip or abstract the man William from the Imperial William with all his greatness and weakness, I believe that as a German civilian Wilhelm would demand, even with his rhetorical shortcomings, wrapt attention, for the strength of his face and the majestic bearing of his small frame—he is hardly of aver age height—would mark him out above his fellows. After the Kaiser’s speech the different universities presented their congratulations, individually and also by a spokesman of each country represented. The British universities had chosen the venerable Lord Strathcona, the French universities, the mathematician, Pointcare. Had ley, president of Yale, was the spokesman of the American universities.

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There were about fifteen American universities represented, and it was a matter of no small satisfaction to me to find that Wisconsin was one of the universities which was greeted with cries of bravo. The repre sentatives of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, Princeton, and Pennsylvania were the only others greeted with bravos as they passed before the rector and announced the names of the universities they rep resented. The second Festakt was less brilliant than the first, for the Court was represented by one of the Kaiser’s sons and by Prince Rupprecht. The interest centered itself in a long oration by Prof. Lenz, an historical review from the time of its founding, the age of Humboldt, Savigny, Fichte, and the Grimms, down to the present moment. I was most interested in the conferring of the honorary degrees, and the tribute paid to American scholarship, when I found that Americans had fared better than other nationalities, stirred my pride. Nothing struck me more, however, than the interrelation and interplay of the various human activities and the respect of various departments of human knowledge for one another as it was evidenced by the conferring of the degrees. Though Germany has taken up applied sciences and in a broad sense commercialism with a systematization which is baffling British and American competition in almost every field, she still pays homage to that scholarship which does not always find an equation in dollars and cents. The announcement that Ulrich von Willamowitz Moellendorf, the Greek scholar, was to be given another honorary degree was greeted with tumultuous applause, a tribute which no other scholar received in the same measure. I thought back for a moment to Wisconsin, where a vast majority of students would flunk if they were to be asked to give the name of the professor of Greek. And when the degree of doctor of philosophy was conferred on Cosima Wagner, the wife of the great composer, for what she lias done for the cultivation of music, I felt again the singularity and at the same time the fitness of the degree. Perhaps when Professor Bumm announced an honorary degree of doctor of medicine for Max Reger, one of the foremost German composers, I felt for a moment that here was an incongruity, for it seems a far cry from a typical Reger composition to a sick bed, but when I considered as a tribute from medicine to music, apart from the individual Reger, and the fact that he already possesses a philosophy degree (and could not be given another), I was not slow to grasp even the interplay here and to respect more than ever that country which succeeds in maintain ing such a fair valuation of all its energies, which, though competing with England and America for the applied scientific and commercial prestige, gives to art, literature, music, and pure scholarship the places due them. The Gartenfest on the last day of the celebration was too crowded for enjoyment. On the tickets were the singular words, “Refreshments, except wine and beer, free”—and this in Germany, too, and at a student gathering! I have not been able to make out what brought about this

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discrimination against the alcoholic drinks. In my cynical moments I am tempted to say that purely economic reasons were at the bottom of it, for to have turned ten thousand Germans loose on free beer would have brought the expenditures far above the receipts. Under the system adopted plenty of beer was sold, since those who counted on a free lunch (the admission cost two marks) were doomed to disappointment. There was a dearth of coffee and of non-alcoholic Kellners. I succeeded in finding one and put half a mark in his hand in the vain hope that he would discriminate in favor of my table, but I suppose that some one else had put a mark in his pocket and succeeded in getting his “free” coffee or chocolade. The crowd was too great, and the various student side shows and historical representations were too crowded for comfort.

ALUMNI PERSONALS. On January 5 the home of Prof. J. Schaller in Wauwatosa was the scene of a double marriage celebration. Rev. Edwin Sauer and Miss Esther Schaller, Rev. Adalbert Schaller and Miss Lydia Deuber were united in the bonds of wedlock. Prof Schaller delivered a sermon suitable to the occasion, whereas Rev. Chr. Sauer, pastor in Juneau, Wis., performed the coupling ceremony. Rev. Adolph Sauer and Herbert Schaller acted as best men, whereas Miss Selma Schaller and Miss Marie Scheurer were maids of honor. Following were among those who responded to call of Prof. A. Pieper, who acted as toastmaster at the wedding dinner: Prof. J. Koeh ler, Rev. H. Gieschen and Rev. A. Sauer. Fred Hensel, member of the class of ’14, is at present employed in the freight office of the C. & N. W. Ry. at Green Bay. Rev. and Mrs. H. Anger are visiting at the home of Prof. M. Eickmann. Charles J. Starke, member of the class of ’85, upon discontinuing his studies became interested in the wholesale lumber business, locating at Arcadia, Michigan. Due to his activity the corporation of which he was later chosen president, was rated as one of the prominent firms of the Bay State. Disposing of his interests in Michigan a few years later, he removed to Denver, Colo., where he has been a resident for many years. When the appeal for contributions to the gymnasium building fund was issued to former students, Mr. Starke responded in a very loyal and generous manner. He has also in divers other ways shown that he has a warm spot in his heart for his alma mater. Herbert H. Jaeger, who graduated from the academy in ’06, is private secretary to the superintendent of the Plankinton Packing Company of Milwaukee. Fred. Bullwinkel, who attended the institution in the early eighties, is cashier of the Bank of New Holstein, New Holstein, Wisconsin.

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Max Wegemann, a former student, who has conducted a department store at Lake Mills for a number of years, was elected sheriff of Jefferson county at the last election. He assumed his new duties January 1 of this year. Editor Alumni Column Black and Red: You desire remarks on old Northwestern boys. Very well. Permit me a few words on one of them, “Genial Henry” he is called—“con genial” would have been equally correct. But “deeds speaking louder than words,” I will give you just a few facts regarding the same, Henry H. Schroedcr, present president of the great Jno. Schroeder Lumber Co. of Milwaukee. I desire to show how equally creditable Henry and Northwestern mutually are, one to the other. Henry H. Schroeder comes from sturdy Hanoverian stock. His father, the founder of the above named company, proved his mettle in the year 1835, when, liberty loving and with a broad sweep of mind, he launched forth on the Atlantic in search of a new home. In those “balmy days” of wind and weather the craft he sailed in finally landed in the Gulf of Mexico and delivered its load of humanity and other things at palmy New Orleans. But John Schroeder unfalteringly worked his way northward. In the year of landing in America he got as far as St. Louis, Mo., and in the year 1846 Milwaukee, with her 9,655 inhabitants called him one of her own. And in the year 1861 John Schroeder within his family called our Henry H. his own. That boy expanded gloriously in every way and in 1876 celebrated the centennial of our nation’s birth by going to “Old Northwestern.” And ever stand ing the crucial test of head and heart, he has grown to his present man hood and position. He is like all his family a staunch member of the Lutheran faith. But for his tried love of his old college, I refer you to the subscription list toward erecting that new “gym.,” which gym. the Northwestern Club of Milwaukee is plugging for. Vivat!

AUS DEM SEMINAR. Das Seminar fing am 10. Januar nach einer Ferienzeit von drei Wochen das zweite Tcrtial an. Zu unserer Freude sind verschiedene wieder in unserer Mitte, die uor den Ferien ihre Arbeit unterbrechen mussten. Die Herren H. Schneider und O. Hohenstein mussten wegen koerperlicher Schwache ihre Arbeit zeitweilig aufgeben; Herr E. Berg war etwa zwei Monate an unserer Austalt in Watertown tatig; Herr J. Schaefer wurde wegen des Abscheidens seiner Schwester vor den Ferien nach Hause gerufen. Sie alle sind wieder bei uns und arbeiten mit frischem Mut weiter. Es finden sich aber neue Luecken in unseren Reihen. Herr R. Ziesemer hat auf ein halbes Jahr die Stelle eines Lehrers an der luth. Schule in Kenosha iibernommen und wird deswegen

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erst nachsten Herbst sein Studium fortsetzen konnen. Zu unserem Bedauern haben wir auch erfahren, dass Herr O. Plath sich entschlossen hat, das Studium der Theologie aufzugeben und in einem der westlichen Staaten einen anderen Beruf zu ergreifend. Wahrend der Ferien bedienten G. Bradtke die Gemeinde in Crandon, Wis., O. Koch die Gemeinde in Waterloo, Mich., und O. Hensel die Gemeinde in Green Bay. Herr Edgar Guenther hat einen Beruf als Missionar unter den Apachen in "Arizona angenommen. Unsere Indianercommission hielt fur noetig, der bisherigen Zahl der Missionare noch einen hinzuzufuegen und wandte sich deswegen an die Studenten des Seminars um Hilfe. Herr Guenther erklaerte sich nach kurzer Bedenkzeit bereit, sich in den Dienst der Mission zu stellen. Die Facultat nab freudig ihre Zustimmung. Gegenwartig linden -wir ihn bereits in seinem neuer Felde als Missionar unter den Apachen in Arizona tatig. Seine Mitschiiler weilen im Geiste bei ihm im fernen Westen und wunschen ihm Gluck und Segen. Ehe Herr Guenther nach seinem Wirkungs Kreis abreiste, schloss er in Arcadia, Wis., mit Frl. Minna Knoop den Bund furs Leben. Die Hochzeit fand am 28. Dez. des letzten Jahres statt. Herr Paul Horn, ein Klassengenosse des Bniutigams und Frl. Ella Knoop fungierten als Trauzeugen. Herr Prof. Schaller hielt vor einer grossen Versammlung die Traurede, wahrend Pastor C. Otto den Trauact vollzog. Verwandte von nah und fern kamen an diesem Tage in elterlichen Hause der Braut zusammen, um sich mit dem jungen Paare zu freuen.

HELP THE GYMNASIUM FUND GROW. That the new gymnasium, not alone planned for its utilitarian pur pose, but that also earnest consideration and attention be given to the architectural side, is the prevailing suggestion of former students whose interest in the undertaking is more pronounced than ever. Aut bene, aut non, the motto adopted by the class of 1902, expresses the senti ments of the old “grads” most fittingly. Although the committee is still handicapped by the relatively small number of workers, the project certainly is advancing more rapidly to its goal. At a recent meeting of the executive committee the reports made by the • actives” were exceedingly encouraging. The reception accorded the fund-gatherers has been very cordial indeed, and followed often by a request to call again for additional donations. The desire of former students to strengthen the ties that bind them to “Old NorthnaesfumnBoosterse”realiZed’ The followinS have joined the “New Gym“ Hemy H. Schroeder, Milwaukee............... ... .$2,000.00 Charles J. Starke, Denver, Colo....................................................... 100.00

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William Hartig, Watertown.......................... Adolph Baebenroth, Milwaukee.................... Martin Eickmann, Watertown...................... C. Buerger, Watertown, 1st inst................... F. Koser, Watertown, Watertown, 1st inst Wm. F. Whyte, Watertown.......................... E. F. Dornfeld, Milwaukee............................. Henry Bcrgmann, Milwaukee....................... Richard Geschke, Watertown........................ C. Piper, Watertown....................................... L. Nowack, Watcrtown.................................. J. Shinnick, Watertown................................. H. Kronitz, Watertown................................. O. Kurzweg, Watertown............................... F. Ehlert, Goodwin, S. D................................. Adolf Sauer, St. Louis, Mich......................... Adolf Beckmann, Milwaukee......................... A. Tanck, Watertown..................................... F. Kemp, Milwaukee....................................... J. Damp, Milwaukee, 1st inst......................... E. H. Fischer, Danbury, Conn.......................

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EXCHANGES THE REVEILLE (San Antonio, Texas) is a well balanced paper, but rather small for a quarterly. The story, “The Man with the Emerald Eye” is above the usual average of short-stories. It treats of a surgeon who is called to a house in the slums of a big city, thrust into a room containing a so-styled ill person and given clear instructions to drug or kill the man. The surgeon succeeds in putting the victim into a death like state and afterwards saves him from the railroad tracks where he had been put by his persecutors. All other departments are carefully de veloped. Call again. In the forepart of December the long—almost too long—expected MESSENGER (D. M. L. C., New Ulm) arrived. All told this is a good number considering that this is the first appearance of the magazine. For a quarterly, however, we hope and expect to see longer literary col umns, and both German and English ought to be patronized. The article on Luther is quite pleasing. It seems to be a general mistake to omit mentioning that famous event, the Disputation at Leipsic, which de serves mention as well as the Diet of Worms. The paragraph on “Julia Ward Howe” seems to call for a column of its own, as it is no editorial. The remaining departments are complete and afford pleasant reading. We hope to see you regularly. The ELLSWORTH STUDENT is a very small paper for a college. The December number contains but one page of literary matter and only one and a half of editorials. And then you devote six pages to society notes! One of the most-interesting paragraphs is the one on the harp in the music department. The author details in a precise manner the origin, development and present use of the harp. This article could well have balanced the literary column with the rest of the paper. Your ex change column is good but also rather short. Another new exchange, THE HASTINGS COLLEGIAN. We did not appreciate the literary matter of the November number very much. “My Trip to the Mountains” is written in a very cramped style, and “Pam's Thanksgiving” but little better. The first article is very good compared with these two, but punctuation in all three, and the whole paper, for all that, is very poor. This might be the printers' fault, how ever. The paragraph in “Exchanges” on the purpose of a college paper is very vague. We think a college paper ought to have a solid literary column, stories and essays well balanced, solid editorials, and less, but complete, college notes, local items, and society notes, and interesting jokes. The literary column of the CONGRESS contains too many stories. It seems to be the tendency to forget essays, probably because they force one to read up more. And then where are your editorials? You cer tainly don't mean to call that small paragraph your editorial column! Besides this, we advise a completer exchange column.

THE BLACK AND RED.

233

It is always with a sigh of relief that we turn to read the QUAR TERLY TATLER. It is by far the best quarterly that comes to us. Original, lively stories, good essays, concise editorials are always the characteristics of this magazine. The originality in “Do Tell” is espe cially apparent and deserves extra mention. Your exchange column is one of the few that gives satisfaction. It is written in such an interest ing and lively style as to afford almost as good reading as a short story or an essay. If there only would be more like you, what an interesting occupation would that of an exchange editor be!

LOCALS With the exception of a few that were delayed on account of heavy snowstorms and other reasons, the boys all returned on time, to begin the new term aright. On Dec. 7, Paul Eggert received a call from his brother, G. F., who stopped over on his homeward trip from Harvard, 111., to Appleton. John Pamperin of Allenton and Luther Vohs of New London, who discontinued their studies at the close of the last school year, have again taken up their work. Walter Winkel, a former Academic student, called on old friends at Northwestern on Dec. 9. Herbert Henning, Prep, of Yale, Mich., discontinued his studies last term to continue them at the new pro-gymnasium in Saginaw, Mich. Gustav Fischer, ’13, spent the holidays with his friend, Walter Keibel, ’13, of Cedarburg. C. Uffenbeck, Prep., was called home on account of the illness of his mother, on Dec. 13. The Rev. E. Sauer of Juneau, and wife, formerly Miss E. Schaller of Wauwatosa, passed through here on Jan. 10. The happy couple will re side in Nebraska, the Rev. having received a call to Merna. Mr. Theo. Ave’-Lallemant, '00, at present instructor in English at Marquette University, registered as visitor on Jan. 3. John Schaefer, ’08, of Stillwater, Minn., spent Jan. 7 and 8 with us before returning to the Seminary. The Messrs. Louis Hohenstein and Herman Lieder, both uncles of Otto Hohenstein, ’10, Northwestern's star tenor, visited at this institu tion on Jan. 6. The following new students enrolled for the new term: Art. Nehls of Oconomowoc; Charles and Erick Spath of Hancock, Wis., and Herman Schellien and Edwin Neumann. All entered the academic department. The following visited the college during the Xmas vacation: Frieda and Anna Lindloff and Emma Hagedorn of Milwaukee; K. F. and W.

sj !

234

THE BLACK AND RED.

Weltner of Greene, la.; T. B. Ran and C. R. King of Watertown, and Kurt Geyer of Wauwatosa. The Rev. M. Pankow of Waterloo, Wis., called on his son, Walter, T2, on Jan. 11.

CAMPOS AMP CLASSEO0M ■ —My dog Snyder! —Resolutions! —Don’t break them because New Year was on Sunday. —Prof.: What city was founded on the Hudson in 1632? Sextaner: Alabama (Albany). —Hemo: (Discussing recitations) It took us two hours to kill Macbeth. Qu-h-: No, we killed two hours with Macbeth. —Prof.: From what part of the kernel is cream of wheat made? St—nch: From the straw. —Art.: Spatz, come here and take a look at Owl’s new suit. Spatz: I don’t admire an Owl’s feathers. I like my own better. —Prof.: Na, V-g-1 hast du denn das nicht praepariert? V-g-1: Ich habe es uebergesehen. Prof.: Bitte sehen sie naechstes Mai nichts ueber. —You can drive a horse to water, But you cannot make him drink. You can ride a Latin pony, But you cannot make him think. (Ex.) —We wonder why Jim’s ambition is to be a good skater? But it seems as if one of his fair sex friends must be a good skater. —When “Red” came up the first night after vacation he had a bump on his forehead as if he had tried to enlarge his mental capacity from the outside. A large addition! —Look out, boys, When you are spending your chink; For one day of pleasure Means a whole week to think. —Prof.: Na, der circumflex sieht aus wie ein halbtoter Wurm, mit dem man nicht einmal einem Sucker fangen kann. —Found in a composition: The pardoner said he need not be afraid of the curs (curses) of the church. —Dr.: Der ganze saechsische Kreis nebst Koch lag zu Tilly’s Fueszen. —Fisch: What other point was against Banquo? Hemo: How about that dagger when he was stabbed? —Things will spread. “A great big rooster said to a little brown hen,

THE BLACK AND RED.

235

“Why don't you lay eggs as you used to in that den?” Then the little brown hen said: “No, you bet! —Prof.: Was heiszt gluecklich auf Lateinisch? —Prof.: Was heiszt gluecklich auf Lateinsch? Stubs: (In Gedanken) Beatrix (beatus). —Before vacation “Tubby” seemed to be downcast but still always on the lookout and on his guard. After vacation he is very jolly and no wonder. Just ask “Mons” about it. —Capt.: “Now, boys, pay attention. When I say “halt,” put the foot that is on the ground beside the one that is in the air and remain mo tionless. (Ex.) —“All right back there!” called the conductor of the morning train. “Hold on a minute,” cried Joe. “Wait till I get my clothes on.” The passengers were stretching their necks expectantly. To their surprise Joe was pulling his laundry basket aboard. —Three ways of spreading news: 1. Telephone. 2. Telegraph. 3. Telegirl.

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

Dentist Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

Removed to Cor. First and Main Streets ;

Telephone No. 258

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries CLIFTON

BEDFORD

S$6ln.high

2>^ln.hlRh

'chew* Arrow scotch COLLARS

* for 25c.

Clnett, Poabody & Co., Makers

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies. REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm i

WATERTOWN, WIS.

JAEDEGKE & GRAMS 611-613 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

II:

F. J. KOSER

BAKER

FOR THE BEST PHOTOS ----- GO TO------

Moll's Ground Floor Studio 312 Main Street REMEMBER quality remains after price «• forgotten. We have a large and varied line of

“THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD” a a li

Telephone 272-X

nU:

111 S. Second St.

ValentinesandValentine^Post^£arde Look over our stock before buying.

EBERLE’S DRUG STORE 204 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

BAUMAN’S Pure Sugar Home Candies CHOCOLATES and BITTER SWEETS

H<£® Ctmamig Sndlai®s saimdl §S®dlns —OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

LEAGUE BAlf

‘.vr

"Spaldings”

HERRO & SON

BASE BALL GOODS

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS

always were m and always will be, the

“Standard of the World” In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that We carry a full line at all times.

WM. G. PRITZLAFF & CO.

Dealers in

210 Main Street. Watertown, Wis.

BANK OF WATERTOWN CAPITAL $150,000.

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

’Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to JOS.

KRUBSACK,

Manager.

STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wis.

313 Main Street

Chas. A. Gamm

W. D. SPHOESSER & GO.

The Corner Druggist

JEWELERS

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 MainSt.

PIANOS

AND

'Phone No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

Give us a Call We’ll Try And Please You

Fe@si©iMy

Vick

ICE CREAM ARC CANDIES

LEO RIIESCH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

W. C.

Manufacturers oi High Grade

WEAR

'PHONE NO. 239-T

WATERTOWN. WIS.

F@ir Suites, Fall Hindi

EAT THE BEST

ORGANS

will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. CaM at 107 West Main Street. Wisconsin

«Y ATRRTGWV.

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE'S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

3abnKe Creamery Co. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

Something important 0 0 Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company J5. €. ^kzizh.2xi

E. H. COOK, M. D. Practice limited to

TEACHER OF

Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. m.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Sundays, 10 to 1 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtel & Hoffmann 8ldg. Watertown, Wia.

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT

Rialto, &xalxxt nuh ^nrrnoug Watertown’s Exclusive &tuhia 100 iJlaut &t. Styirh 3Flunr HBRTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

DR. T. F. SHINNICK OFFICE HOURS:

A. M.a

2 TO 4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M.

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Stree'

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKERY

OFFICE. 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE, 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 2 73-X

W. A. Krahmer 114 W. Main

Advertise IN !,The Black and Red11

Tel. 155-Y

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS for the C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. and T. M. E. R. and L. CO. Watertown, Wisconsin

M<idl Card® 5 CENT CIGARS ARE ALWAYS GOOD

F. G. KECK & CO. SHARP CORNER GROCERS

THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE TORE

—Everything in—

FURNITURE 110-112 Main St.

Watertown, Wia.

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

Try a Sample oE our

116 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

905 Main St.

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

BOWLING alleys Billiard and Pool Tables ....Also a Choice Line of.... CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 202-204 Madison Street

JOHN E, HEISMANN

Watertown, Wis.

FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat Pins, Jerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Militarjrand Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, O.

THE HOME OF QUALITY GROCERIES Those After Meal Siestas, With Cigar or Pipe in Easy Chair, Will Be Found Much More Enjoyable If Said Meals Consist of Our Quality Groceries! TRY

THESE—THEY’LL

New German Dill Pickles Complete Line of

Cigars and Smoking Tobaccos

PLEASEI

Daily Churnings Fancy Gilt Edge Creamery Butter New Canned Goods OF ALL KINDS

FRED BITTNER

WATERTOWN, WIS.

501-503 N. FOURTH ST.

G. BUERGER’S MEAT MARKET

GLAUS & JAEGER

FRESH AND SALT MEATS

OF THIS PUBLICATION

SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second Street

F. UTTECH & SON The Best Place in Town for

FANCY GROCERIES AND FRUITS Third and Market Sts.

Telephone 67-Y

PRINTERS Wisconsin

Watertown

“THE JUNIATA” WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of

CIGARS,

TOBACCO

AND

PIPES

We Solicit Your Patronage

PATRONIZE "BLACK AND RED"

Advertisers

ADLER’S COLLEGIAN

CLOTHES are clothes of established merit. Wear them this season, and you are sure to be in fashion. You can’t go wrong on Collegian Clothes. They are made of the very best fabrics, by highly skilled workmen, in modern, sanitary tailor shops. They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them. Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. F. Brandt & Son Co. Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

“PURITY and QUALITY” OUR

t %

MOTTO

THE CANDY SHOP E. M. O’BYRNE HOME MADE

CANDIES AND ICE CREAM

OFFICE HOURS:

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M.

MOTS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON 313 Main Street Above Brennecke's Drag Store

Residence 809 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Telephone 144

IF YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

Ben H. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

Photos

EAST END BARBER SHOP G0RDER BLOCK

STUDENTS! 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Watertown,

GO TO

DONNER GALLERY WATERTOWN PHOTO CO.

SCHLUETER BROS. MERCHANT 10c. CIGAR and ARC 5c. CIGAR DEAD THEM ALL 105 Main Street

114 S. Third Street Special Rates made to Students

CHAS. ]b $AUCÂ£S

UIN

Watertown, Wta

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO.' Milwaukee, Is. Makers of

Fine Athletic ^Sporting Goods

Jeweler and Optician

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

STATIONERY, NOVELTY and SPORTING GOODS

TRADE WITH

1 and 3 Main St.

Wisconsin

On the Bridge

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Sciiempf the Druggist "He Treats You Right"

THE VERY MINUTE.

r: The very minute that you need that next pair of 3 5= Shoes we want to talk with you. 3 % ^ Meanwhile—every time you pass our window, ^ H take a minute and take a look. 3 g= Notice how altogether “snappy” those Keith’s 3 S| Konquerors are. ^ H And wAen yon get your feet in a pair of 'em 3 g= you’ll certainly know what “foot comfort” is.

Wm. Gorder Co. i3

604-608 Main Street

hMmmMimimmiMiMmMimmmiiisz OUR NEW SPRING MODELS —IN—

Men’s and Young Men’s Suits made by those splendid Clothesmakers, The House of KUPPENHEIMER and EDERHEIMER STEIN & CO., will be shown in our Clothing Department soon. Don’t overlook seeing these splendid styles.

WATERTOWN,Y -

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THE POLICY THAT WINS O TREAT every customer according to his particular requirements—to please him—to help in a choice that fits his purse as well as his size—to make his purchase satis factory in every way. This is a policy that we are able to carry out because we have lines that enable us to do so; goods made by people who make them so good that they stand back of them with a real guaranty. If that kind of treatment and that kind of mer chandise appeal to you, we want you for a customer. If you like to deal on this basis, you will be as well pleased to buy of us as we will be to count you as a customer. Can we interest you now?

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co. Comer Third and Main Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

ADLER’S COLLEGIAN CLOTHES are clothes of established merit. Wear them this season, and you are sure to be in fashion. You can’t go wrong on Collegian Clothes. They are made of the very best fabrics, by highly skilled workmen, in modem, sanitary tailor shops. They are the best values in clothes you can find anywhere, both as to their style and their wearing qualities. Come in see them.

Fall fashions are ready.

Prices range from $15.00 to $35.00

W. F. Brandt & Son Co. Main and Third Streets, Watertown, Wis.

“PURITY and QUALITY” OUR MOTTO

SHOP t THEE. CANDY M. O’BYRNE %

HOME MADE

CANDIES AND ICE CREAM

•i

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DIRECTORY. Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. U.

THE COLLEGE. President......... Vice President Secretary.........

Prof. A. F. Ernst .Dr. J. H. Ott Dr. A. Hoermann ALUMNI.

President................................... Vice President and Treasurer 2nd Vice President................ Secretary...................................

.Rev. W. Huth •Dr. J. H. Ott .Rev. F. Schumann •Rev. Chr. Sauer

NORTHWESTERN CLUB. President......... Vice President Treasurer....... Secretary.........

Dr. F. F. John .Louis Ungrodt .Dr. Eberhardt Notz Julius J. Dammann ATHLETIC BOARD.

President. Treasurer, Secretary. Schweppe, ’ll

Kluender, ’ll

.A. Berg, ’ll .J. Masch, ’12 .L. Mahnke, *12

BAND. Director........... President......... Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer.......

Prof. H. Frank ,L. Mahnke, ’12 .C. Kluender, ’ll ,R. Bartz, ’12 .H. Pankow, ’12 ORCHESTRA.

Director........................... President......................... Vice President................ Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. A. Kuhn .C. Kluender, ’ll .G. Schley, ’ll A. Hanke, ’ll MALE CHORUS.

Director........................... President........................ Vice President................ Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. C. Bolle A. Berg, ’ll C. Kluender, ’ll , E. Reim, ’ll MILITARY COMPANY.

i i

President......... Vice President Secretary......... Treasurer....... .

A. Hanke, 11 J. Masch, ’12 P. Froehlke, *12 .P. Eggert, ’12

THE BLACK AND RED.

Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., February, 1911.

Number 9.

€ittfluft fcct? I{rctt33flse auf Me WetteretthMcfelung £er eigentlidjc 3*ued unb ba$> 3iel ber &'reii33iige mar bie GrroBerung be§ Bciligen 2anbe£ unb ber ©djitfc ber 3Hadfa()rer gegen bie 3ftifef)cmblungen ber •§eiben. SDie felbfdjucfifdjcn £iirfen maren iidmlid) in ben 93efit3 be§ Ijeiligen &aitbe§ gefotnntcn imb Iicfjcu mm nidjt meijr lute oorljer bie SfraBer gegen @nt* riddung ciner ©teuer bic 2BaIffaIjrcr ungefjinbert fomtnen unb geljen, foitbern mifeBanbclten unb Bcbrdngten nidjt nur bie SBailfafjrer, foitbern fogar bie eitt* geBoreiten Gfjriftcit. Uttt nun biefcit ©emalttaten ber rauBerifdjen Xiirfett eitt (Snbe 3u ntadjen unb ba§ ©ra6 Gfjrifii ben ^pattben ber UngiauBigeit 311 entreifeeit, luurbeit bie Slreu33iige beranftaltet. OBgleidj bie ®reu33ug§Bcmegung nun faft sroei Saljrfjunberte long embauerte unb man audj 3eitiueiKge (Srfojge auf3umeifen ^atte, fo murbe eiite bauernbe (SroBerung $alaftitta§ bod) nidjt erreidjt. $aljre 1291 ficl audj SIffon, bie Ieijte loicfjtige 23efifcung ber ©jjriften, luieber in bie $anbe ber ©arasenen, unb bamit mar SJMaftina enb* giiltig fiir bie Efjrifteit Derlorcn. BfBcr oBmoljl ba§ 3iel ber ®reu33iige nidjt erreidjt murbe, fo ftefjt bodj feft, bafj fie fiir bie Grntmicfelung be3 gan3en SIBenbIattbeS bon ber grofeten SSidjtigfeit maren.

238

THE BLACK AND RED.

©me gotge ber ®reu33iige mar Me ©rftarfung beg ®onigtumg. SWt± Slugualjrne bon SDeutfdjlaub mar Meg in alien Sanbern, befouberg abet in granfteidj ber gait. SDenn ein grower 5teil bee abligen fitter, bie fid) border fortmatjreub betampft nnb ber Stegicrung biel an fdjaffen gemadjt tjatteu, natjm an ben ®reu3» Siigen tell unb ging babei au ©runbe. £ierburdj murbe eg in granfreidj beni §errfdjer!jaufe ber âpetinger, bag mit §ngo ©apei im Safjre 987 ben &ljron erlangt Ijatte unb bann iiber breibunbert $af)re bcrrfdjte, moglidj, feine $err» fdjaft 3U befeftigeu unb feine SRadjt 3n bergrofjern. §n SDeutfdjIanb freilid) trat bag gerabe ©egenteil ein. SDort na|men ftatt ber ®aifer, bie aug berfdjiebenen $au{etn ftammten, einjelne grofee gurften an dTCadjt 311. SDiefe erlangten nad) unb nad) bodige ©elbftaubigteit, unb bag grofee Slaiferrcidj 3erfiel jo in berfdjiebene Heine gurftentiimer. 3Kit bem ©rftaden beg ®onigtumg entftanb 3« gleidjer 3eit and) ein ftarfeg 9tationaIgefii$I. Ourdj bie Sterubruug iniieinanber in ben ®reu33iigen lernten jid) bie berfdjiebenen SSoIfer beg Slbenblanbeg erft redjt fennen. @ie fafjen bie SSerfdjiebenfjeiteu ber einselnen Slationen in iljren ©itten unb ©ebrdudien, unb baburd) crmadjte unb bermeljrte fid) bei ben Slngeljorigen eiueS einselnen SSoIt’eg bag ©efidjl ber ©titbit unb 3ufammengeIjorigfeit. Stud) bie berfdjiebenen SBeboIferungggruppen in ben einaelnen Sanbern murben burdj bie ®reu33iige ftarf beeinflu&t. Sic Stitterfdjaft anberer Sanber ram burdj fie mit ben Ijodjgebilbeten bittern graufreidjg in 23erii!)rung, unb infolgebeffen murben ifjre ©itten berfeinert. ©ie fitter beg gan3cn Slbenblanbeg MIbeien jefjt eine faft gleidjartige ©enoffeufdjaft mit gleidjer ©r3ief)ung unb ©itte unb gleidjen ©tanbegibealen. gfjre tjodjfic Sebengaufgabe fallen fie in ber ©r» oberung beg Ijeiligen Saubeg. gromme Slitter griinbeten begljalb and) bie geiftlidjeu fftitterorben, beren Sftitglieber neben ben brei SJiondjggeliibbcn nod) ein bierteg ablegien, in bem fie fid) sum ®ampfe briber bie llugldubigeu bcrpflidjtetcu. Oie Sage beg SSauernftanbeg befferten bie ®reu33iige uidjt befouberg, aber ber 93iirgerftanb in ben ©tabten bjatte iljnen bid 311 berbanten. SDurdj gleife unb Stugbauer, befouberg aber infolge beg feit ben ®reu33iigen immer bebcutenber merbenben ânbelg, bradjte er eg balb 311 einem gemiffen SBoIjlftanbe. 5)ie Siirger erlangten admaljliri) bodige greiljeit unb ©elbftanbigfeit unb audj bie $ermaltung unb ©eridjtgbarfeit iljrer ©tcibte. ©ie ualjmen fortmdljrenb au SKadjt unb Sebeutung au unb bilbeten fo eineu bem geiftlidjeu unb abeligcn ©tanbe in jeber SBeaiefjung ebenbiirtigen befonberen ©tanb. S)er Sluffdjmung, ben ber $anbel burdj bie ®reu33iige erlebte, mar grofe. ©enn obmoljl man audj fdjou borber mit bem Orient $anbcl tricb, fo mar bod) ber 33arenaugtaufd) nidjt 311 bergleidjcn mit bem, ber fid) feit ben $reu33ugeu entmicfelte. SDie ©r3eugniffe beg Oricntg, bie bie ©uropcicr borber fawn gefannt Ijatten, murben iljnen balb 311m SSeblirfnig unb begfjalb in grower 9)ccuge eingcfiibrt. SDer ânbe! fam aber befonberg ben ©tabten 311 gute. SDie ©tdbte SSenebig, ^5ifa unb ©enua in gtalien maren burdj ifjre .‘panbelgflotten mo!)I bie madjtigften unb einflufereidjften, benn ber grofjte Xcil beg Sebantebanbelg ging bom Orient bireft nadj ^talien. 93on Ijier gingen bide ber ©iufuljrmaren bann norbmdrtg bie OHjone entlang iiber ^bln big uadi ©nglanb. Slnbere grofee $an* belsftabte maren Sluggburg, Diegengburg, âgbeburg, Siibed, 33rugge unb fpater audj SIntmerpen. ©ine aêite grofee ânbelgftrabe ging bom ©djmar3en 3Heer

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burd) ftufclanb 3ur Oftfee. SSott ben grofeeren £anbel3ftrafeen gtceigten fidj natiirlidj biele Fleinere ab, burd) bie ieber Zeil GcuropaS erreidjt murbe. 9flit bem regen $anbel imb SScrtebr entmidelte fid) in ben ©tdbten 3U berfelben Beit ba§ ânbmerf. 9ieue ônbmerfe unb 23etriebe Famen auf, unb burd) 5lrbeit§ieilung murben bie ©iite ber Saren unb bie Seifhmg ber §anbmerfer gefteigert. SRebeu ben itufrcien manbten fid) jeijt audj bie Sreien bem $anbmer! 3u. &ud) fdjloffen fid) bie Jpaubmcrfe, bie bemfelben 23erufe oblagen, 3U @enoffenfdjafien obcr Biinfteu sufammen, um ben $anbmerF3betrieb 3u regeln unb fid) gegenfeitig 311 fdjiiijeu. SDurd) bie Biinfte iibten fie bann footer aud) einen bebeuienben ©iitflufe in ber 93ermaltung ber ©table au§. Stud) bie geiftige ©ntmicfelung be§ 91benblanbe3 murbe burd) bie ®reu33iige beeinflufct. SKau lerntc norljcr unbefannte Seltteiie unb SSoIfer Femten, unb burd) bie ®unft nub bie Siffenfd)aft ber 9fraber unb ^Qsantiner murben bie $enntuiffe ber Slbenblanber gefbrbcrt unb nermebrt. Unter anberem Iernten bie Siitter im Orient ben ©ebraud) non Ouaberfteiueu, bie fie bann footer 3um SBau ibrer 33urgen bemfoteu. Oafj man nod) nicies anbcre in ber /tedjniF unb ben Siffcufdjaften non ben SJiorgenfdnbern Iernte, ift fd)on au§ ben nielen Sorfern 3u erfcbcn, bie mir non foneu in unfere ©pradje Oeriiber genomnien fjaben. Sinige bicfer Sorter finb: Sfbuural, 5frfenaf, 2ftu§lin, ®attun, Grille, $nbigo, ©afran unb SKlaun. S)ie ©reigniffe in ben ®reu33ugcn unb bie Saffentaten ber fitter lieferten aud) einen mcrtnoltcn ©toff fiir bie SDidjtFunft. Sie grofj ber ©iuflitfe ber §elben» taten ber Siitter mar, fcbcu mir au§ ben beibcn geiftlidjeu ©ebidjten, bem ^Cfejan* ber* unb bem 9iolanb§Iicbe, bie bcibe im 3mblfteu âbrbunbert non ©eiftlidjen norfagt murben. ?lber and) bie Stunft mcltlidjer ©iditer brad) fid) immer mebr 23a()u. 23oit ben ©eiftlidjcn ging bie ‘Oidjlfunft attmablidj auf bie fitter iiber. SBreu »§ol)ebuuft erreidjtc bie rittcrlidie Sidjtung in bem Sflinnefang. $Der grofetc alter Sttiuncfduger mar Saltfjer non ber SSogelmeibe, ber 31m Beit Bfriebrid)§ II. Iebte unb bie no!itifd)en Bnftanbe bicfer Beit in nielen non feinen @e« fangeu beljanbelte. 9fber aud) ben ©efdjidjtSfdjreiberu lieferten bie ®reu33iige einen mertnolleu ©toff. Ticfc fdjilberten nidit nur bie ©reigniffe ber ®reu33iige ielbft, fonbern aud) frembe Scinber nub 33blfer unb ba§ Seben einselner bebeu* tenbcr Scanner. 9Wau fiebt I)icrau§, non mie grofjer 23cbcutung bie ®reu33iige fiir ba33tbenb= laub mareu. @3 ift 3luar maf)r, bag niele bie ®reu33iige fiir ba3 Grr3eugni§ etueS unFIugen 5fberglauben§ balteu unb bie nielen 9ftenfd)euleben bcFlagen, bie babci 311 ©rmtbe giugeit. Sfber biefe Sente nergeffen gan3, bafe bie ©roberung beS beiiigen Satibe§ ben ^reit3fabreru eine beilige ©emiffenBfaibe mar, unb bafj bie iTreu33iige trot? ber nielen SWenfdjeit, bie babei umtameu, bem ^benblaubc bod) moi)I mebr 9iut'en bradjtcu, al§ menu biefe 9ftenfd)en in ibrer $eimat geblieben mdreit.

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THE BLACK AND RED. THE DISCIPLINE OF FAILURE.

We all believe that a college education is very often of great ad足 vantage to a man, because at college he receives a training that the average man does not get. But many men who have never attended a college also have become great, mainly because there are many very practical and efficient teachers in this world besides those at a college. One of these teachers is failure. Failure teaches and disciplines us in many ways. It makes us cau足 tious and vigilant. If we ever are unsuccessful in any transaction, we shall be sure to look for our mistakes and slips and be more careful the next time. Thus when luck turns against a gambler, he will be on a sharper look-out for a chance to win than if he has good luck. Also the speculator who has failed in his venture will keep his eyes wide open for a chance to regain his loss and will go about his next transaction more cautiously. Besides making us more vigilant, failure also teaches us to know ourselves and shows us the weak points in our ability and character. If a merchant fails in business, he will look around for the causes of his failure, and will first of all look for weaknesses or defects in his own business ability, and having found these, will try to improve upon himself and be more successful the next time. History shows to the best ad足 vantage how failure disciplines us in this respect. Demosthenes tried to speak before the public and failed miserably. He immediately began to look for his defects, found them, remedied them, and became the foremost orator of the world. Failure also makes us modest and keeps us from becoming conceited over our accomplishments. The successful man often is highly elated over his triumphs and attempts things far above his ability. After his failure, he will see that the task which he tried to undertake was too much for him. He sees the results of his conceit and becomes just as modest as he was before his success. History also proves that failure makes us modest. Had Napoleon met with defeat in Germany, he and his soldiers would undoubtedly have been spared that terrible march through Russia, for he would not have dared to undertake so perilous an expedition. The history of our own country also tells us that failure takes away, conceit. Did not the haughty and impudent English, in their conceit, try to force the Americans into submission? But they failed, because in their insolence and imprudence they had misjudged their opponents. And again in the Civil War, were not the haughty Northerners sure of the fact that the war could be ended in ninety days? But failure taught also them at that memorable battle of Bull Run, and they immediately took up war in earnest. Thus we see that we can learn many things by failure. Let us there足 fore, not be afraid of it, and, when it comes, try our best to profit by it. W. W.

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A RESTRICTED FRANCHISE. The success of the Socialists in the Milwaukee election and the results of their regime lead one to consider the question of suffrage and the restriction of suffrage. Up to the adoption of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, only persons possessing a certain amount of property had a vote. The Arti足 cles lowered the requirements; in many states one only had to pay a certain sum of taxes. Now, since 1788, every male person of the age of twenty-one years, residing in the country, either an American bom citizen or a naturalized foreigner, can vote. What is the result? Persons of little property, yes, even persons without any visible means of support, can vote, and naturally these are all radicals. The poor laborer, who has nothing that can be taxed, does not care if millions are to be spent by the government; he has nothing to lose. He will vote for every innovation, if it is an improvement or not. The con足 servative element of the population is overwhelmed, and rash legislation is a result. The Americans, who before the Revolution keenly scented every possible danger in the legislation for them, now wildly experiment with new laws. The representatives of the people feel that they will not satisfy this class of constituents if everyone does not introduce 100 or 200 new bills every year. Thus, too, many of those foreigners, who merely come to make a fortune and send it home, and then again depart for their native land, gain a hand in the government, though they are in reality foreigners, and naturally use their power to influence legis足 lation that they will be enabled to hoard the greatest pile of money in the briefest time possible. Many voters are ignorant, yes, even illiterate, persons. This is a deficiency. How can people, who have no education, no idea of what history teaches us in government by the success or failure of former forms of government, presume to legislate for our country, a republic of a magnitude of which the ancients could not have dreamt of? Should we try all former forms that are doomed to failure, because the people who have power of legislation have not learned of these failures? Why not restrict the franchise in this respect also, that a voter be a person who at least can, even if he does not, judge for himself whether the laws that are to be passed for his benefit are really beneficial or not, and not merely depend on the rhapsodies of the usual campaign speak足 ers?

THE BLACK AND RED Published Mosthly by the Stsdents of the Northwesters University.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, M I BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, MI PAUL FROEHLKE, M2

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, Ml ELMER SAUER, M1 WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, M1 WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Literary Department are requested from alumni and undergraduates. All lterary matter should be addressed to the Editor-In-Chief and all business communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscriptions are 75 cents per annum, payable In advance. SInglo copies, lOcenta. Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify us If you wish your address changed or your paper discontinued Ths Black and Red la forwarded to all subscribers until order for Its discontinuation Is received and until all arrearages are paid. Entered at the Postofflce of Watertown, Wis., os second-class matter.

1MTOEEAL EDUCATION.

“Education.is the leading of human souls to what is best, and making what is best out of them.” What do these words of John Ruskin imply? What do they mean to us? They mean that the school which offers to educate us offers to lead us, our souls, our minds, to what is highest and best. All efforts of the teachers are directed to the broadening of our minds, that we may attain the greatest perfection possible, that we may learn to know and to achieve all that is noble and good. Those words mean also that our alma mater, our teachers, are endeavoring to form out of the raw minds of the pupils the best that can be formed out of them. They treat every individual for himself as far as possible. They probe and test till they find those attributes which are most easily developed and which will help the pupil attain the high est goal. They know whether they have but to polish or whether they

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must mould the mind, and they will make us capable of holding our own in the world. Is this, this education, not a thing to be wished for, to be worked for? And do we not owe the highest thanks to those who tender us this education? It is indeed worth while to follow the instructions and obey the moulding or polishing hand of our preceptors to attain the height of perfection in us. Let us get rid of the impression that we are work ing for our teachers, and remember that they are only working for us, and that we are only aiding ourselves when we work.

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PUNCTUALITY. One of the evils students are infected with is a lack of punctuality. They know it is time to attend recitations, but one often hears the re mark, “A few minutes won’t harm; there isn’t much lost.” They never stop to consider how great a difference a few minutes can make. Our recitations are short enough (though often they may seem other wise), and not much time can be wasted in waiting for tardy pupils. The work assigned to us must be done, and it has been so arranged that there is just enough time to complete it. If pupils persist in coming late, the few minutes thus wasted amount to quite a number of recitations that have been lost. This necessitates hurrying towards the end of the school year or extra work on the part of the students, both of which they are not much in favor of. But they seldom lay the blame upon themselves. This practice of coming late, if continued, soon becomes a habit that may lead to serious consequences. We all know how difficult it is to rid ourselves of a habit. “Habit is a cable; we weave a thread of it every day, and at last we cannot break it.” Therefore, boys, do not contract this habit, but make it a practice to be on time.

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WHAT SHOULD IT REMIND US OF?

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This month brings the anniversaries of the birthdays of the two greatest Americans, George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. It is well that these days are celebrated to encourage the Americans to love their native land. You may not feel called upon to hold the reins of our government in your hands, but still the example of these illustrious patriots should encourage you to do your duty by your native land, if you can not be a main spring or balance wheel, you have your humble duties to perform as a necessary, if minute, cog in the great governmental

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THE BLACK AND RED. 244 machinery. If you cannot govern, vote for men that will govern hon estly. Do your duties as a loyal citizen and as a Christian, and also pray for the welfare of the nation and of those in whose hands its gov ernment is entrusted.

NOTICE! The editors of the Black and Red kindly ask all those subscribers who have not as yet paid their subscription to the paper to do so before March 20. A due slip in your paper will inform you when your sub scription has expired. Please acknowledge the same. The names of all those subscribers more than a year in arrears will be cancelled from our list of subscribers if they do not pay up before that time.

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The first semester of our school year closed on January 31. On the next day the various class officers showed the reports to the different classes. There were many disappointments, sometimes even severe ones, and many pleasant surprises. Everywhere resolutions are now being made by students who wish to make up in this or that branch and thus win a better average in the next report. As this report is the last one which will be given to the senior class, it is the first reminder to them that they must soon leave these old halls; if gladly or sadly, who will say?

LITERARY SOCIETIES. January 14. On the above date the Philomathean Literary Society held its second meeting of the season. The officers for the coming year were elected as follows: Mr. L. Mahnke, president; Mr. J. Masch, vice-president; Mr. E. Hertler, secretary and treasurer. The programme that was rendered on this occasion was well received. Most of the literary num bers were well prepared and spoken with ability. Mr. P. Bergmann, ’09, acquitted himself of his duties as critic in a most creditable manner. The programme was as follows: 1. String Quartette. ___J. Masch 2. Recitation, “Das Heiligtum”....................... ... M. Haase 3. Recitation, “Der Schwedische Trompeter” ....E. Finck 4. Recitation, “Das Grab De Sotos”............... .P. Froehlke 5. Recitation, “A Vision of War”............... A. Pamperin 6. Recitation, “Graf Hoyer von Mansfeld”.. 7. Brass Sextette. Carl Schweppe, Master of Ceremonies.

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January 21.

For January 21, Mr. E. Bruns, master of ceremonies, had arranged following programme for the Lyceum Literary Society: Sophomore Quartette. F. Marohn Declamation, “Give Me Liberty or Death” .T. Gamm Declamation, “Der Zauberlehrling”............ ..H. Huth Declamation, “Barbara Frietche”...............

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5. Declamation, “Barbara Frietche”............................. Hugo Pankow 6. Declamation, “Mark Twain as a Farmer”................ ........ H. Rosin 7. Declamation, “The Hero of the Furnace Room”... .L. Koeninger 8. Dialogue, “Eine Militaerische Instruktionsstunde” Eggert, Lueckel, Zibell, Quehl, Kleinhammer, Beitz, Lietzau, Keibel, Schliepsieck. The programme marked the debut of the Sophomore Quartette under the leadership of Mr. Keibel. As usual, the dialogue was well acted, and some of the members showed considerable talent. Mr. H. Klingbiel was the critic. January 28. January 28 was the date of the second programme of the Philomathean Literary Society. The piano duet which inaugurated the programme was rendered with considerable brilliancy and force. The audience showed its appreciation of the efforts of Mr. Schley and Mr. Sauer by clamoring for an encore. The programme in full is appended: 1. Piano Duet........................................................ G. Schley and E. Sauer .. E. Quandt 2. Recitation, “The Old Woman’s Railway Signal”. . .A. Werner 3. A reading from “The Scarlet Letter”..................... . H. Klingbiel 4. Recitation, “Wenn du noch eine Mutter hast”---....H. Koch 5. Recitation, “Der Trompeter an der Katzbach”... F. Manteufel 6. Recitation, “The Thunderstorm”............................. .W. Spiering 7. Recitation, “Hannibal’s Address to His Soldiers” Critic, W. Reinemann. Master of Ceremonies, R. Starke.

DR. NOTZ’S SIEBZIGSTER GEBURTSTAG. Am 2. Februar beging Dr. F. W. Notz seinen siebzigsten Geburtstag in der besten Gesundheit und frolichen Mutes. Nur wenige seiner zahlreichen Freunde wussten um die Tatsache und auch der Jubilar selbst war hochst erstaunt als man ihm gratulierte. Mit seinem 70sten Geburtstage fiel auch das 50ste Jubilaum seiner Tatigkeit als Lehrer zusammen. Am Abend seines Geburtstages brachte die Oberprima dem beliebten Professoren ein Standchen dar. Der Dr. war sehr geriihrt und dankte aufs innigste seinen Schiilern. Am nachsten Abend war die Oberprima bei Dr. Notz zu Gast. Der Abend wurde unter Gesang und Spiel verlebt und der ehrwurdige Pro fessor unterhielt seine Gaste mit Erzahlungen aus seinem erfahrungsreichen Leben, vornehmlich aus seiner Studentenzeit in Deutschland und aus der Zeit, da er noch Inspecktor auf unserm College war. Mit alien seinen Freunden wiinschen wir ihm manch frohliche Wiederkehr dieses Tages.

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CONCERT COMMITTEE.

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During the past few weeks the different musical organizations ap pointed their representatives for the concert committee. As the chorus is now also represented, each organization sent only two members in stead of three as before. This was done to keep the number of members at six. The representatives of the band are L. Mahnke and F. Schweppe; of the orchestra, C. Kluender and E. Reim; of the chorus, A. Berg and F. Reier. On January 30th, the committee organized, electing L. Mahnke chairman, and F. Reier, secretary and treasurer. The different sub committees were also appointed: Program Committee, C. Kluender and L. Mahnke; Hall Committee, A. Berg and F. Reier; Advertising Committee, F. Schweppe and E. Reim. The outlook seems favorable for a prospeorus year. The annual Watertown concert is practically a certainty, and will probably be given early in May. There is also talk of a concert in Jefferson, but of this nothing certain can be said as yet.

QUARTETTE. Last fall the quartette entered upon a year that bade fair to be a year of difficulties. The loss of O. Hohenstein, last year’s tenor, was severely felt. But a greater blow to the prospects of success was the fact that Prof. Bolle had resigned not only as a member, but also as leader. His faithful work had been the most important factor in the successes of which the last few years can tell. The responsibilities of the leadership now naturally fell on the oldest and most experienced mem ber, Mr. Kluender, who is now singing for his fourth year. After several try-outs, he soon determined on Mr. Berg and Mr. Bartz to carry the first tenor and second bass parts respectively, while Mr. W. Pankow still ably holds his position as first bass. The quartette is now actively engaged in reviewing old songs and practicing new ones.

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im EB®HJS OMHSBUJS ALSACE-LORRAINE. The German Bundesrath has recently accepted the draft of a consti tution for the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. The legislative func tions of these provinces have hitherto been exercised by the German Reichstag, in which Elsass-Lothringen is represented by fifteen mem bers. At the head of the administration is the Statthalter, or governorgeneral, appointed by the emperor. The draft of the constitution, which has been adopted by the Bundesrath, provides for “a governor and for two chambers, one partly selected by chambers of commerce, agriculture and labor, and the other composed of members elected by universal suffrage of citizens who have reached the age of twenty-five years.” Although the Alsatians originally were mainly of Germanic stock, the French spirit had deeply penetrated into them. This can be easily seen from the fact that when the revolution and the general overthrow of feudalism took place, they fought side by side with the French for democracy. For many years after the treaty of May 10, 1871, in which Alsace and Lorraine were ceded by France, Germany had exceedingly much trouble with these provinces. Now, however, an ultimate recon ciliation has taken place, and the provinces have submitted to the rule of the Germans.

THE ELECTIONS IN ENGLAND.

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The elections in England, which aroused great interest throughout the world leave the parties in nearly the same position as in the old parliament. The old parliament was made up of 275 Liberals, 40 Labor members, 71 Nationalists and 11 Independent Nationalists; the sum of these, or 397, was the government strength. There were 273 Union ists. Therefore the government had a majority of 124. The new par liament will have 272 Liberals, 42 Labor members, 76 Nationalists, and 8 Independent Nationalists. In the Unionist party there will be 272 members. The government strength will be 398 votes, or a majority of 126.

THE FORTIFICATION OF THE PANAMA CANAL. -

Now that the completion of the Panama Canal is drawing near, the great question arises whether or not the canal should be fortified. There

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is diversity of opinion and considerable opposition heard of from all parts of the United States. In both the house and senate in Washington the fortification of the Isthmian Canal is a much mpoted subject. On January 12th, President Taft sent a special message to congress in which he especially urged the fortification of the canal. He says: “The canal when completed will virtually be a part of the coast line of the United States, and that it is both a right and a duty to fortify it.” The Panama Canal Board estimated that the cost of the fortification on the coast would reach a total of $12,500,000. In their report they recom mended “a permanent garrison, in time of peace, on the isthmus, of twelve companies of coast artillery, four regiments of infantry, one battalion of field artillery and one squadron of cavalry. Although many millions of dollars have been given by prominent men for the abolition of international war, it is nevertheless necessary for a nation to prepare itself in time of peace for war, because it is certain that the time of universal and world-wide peace will never come. Therefore the fortifications of the Panama Canal ought to be completed while there is yet time.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

OBITUARY. Rev. E. F. Domfeld. It is with regret that we announce the death of one of our alumni and recent member of the Board of Trustees, Rev. E. F. Dornfeld, pastor of the St. Mark’s Lutheran Church of Milwaukee. The deceased was a graduate of the Wisconsin Theological Seminary and pastor in the Wisconsin synod for twenty-five odd years. His vacancy will prob ably be filled by his son, Rev. E. Ph. Dornfeld, ’04, present pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Mishicot, Wis. The Lutheran brings the news of the death of Rev. Oscar D. Miller of Zelienople, Pa. Rev. Miller attended Northwestern in the ’70s; from here he left for Muehlenberg College. He graduated from the Philadel phia Seminary in 1884, and has since been in charge of three congrega tions, his last one being at Zelienople, Pa.

ALUMNI AND FORMER STUDENT PERSONALS. Mr. F. W. Lick, who attended the academy, 1882-1885, is now con nected with some casket machinery company in Rockford, 111. He called on us the other day and was especially proud of a mathematical paradox that he has run across. He can divide seventeen hams amongst three men, giving the first man one-half, the second one-third, and the third one-ninth of the hams, and does not have to cut any of the hams. His present address is 410 Eighteenth street, Oshkosh, Wis. Adolph Bues, a former student, is president of the Starke Dredge and Dock Company of Milwaukee. During his administration as executive the activities of the firm have been extended to all ports of the Great Lakes. The company occupies an eminent position among the large contractors who execute specifications for the engineering department of the federal government. Mr. Bues attended our institution when the equipment was of smaller proportion and has shown his good will toward the alma mater by materially supporting the gymnasium building committee. E. Hartmann, whose service in school work extends over a large number of years, has resigned from the teaching profession and has acquired an interest in the System Laundry Company, 814 Winnebago street, Milwaukee. Edwin Baebenroth, a graduate of the academy, who was formerly

}

THE BLACK AND RED.

251

secretary and treasurer of the Hofmeister Company, Milwaukee, has with others organized the Milwaukee Roofing and Supply Company, Milwaukee. The marriage of Miss Marie Streich to Edward C. Frederick, ’97, took place at Milwaukee January 14th. Mr. Frederick is pastor of a Lutheran parish at Helenville, Wis.

NOTES ON FORMER N. W. BOYS. To the Editor of the Black and Red:

i I = ■

George P. Mayer was born at Milwaukee on September 14, 1860. He attended Old Northwestern 1875-77. He was one of those scholars who helped build the “Old Shack,” so far our one and only “gym.” Called home, he began his business career as clerk in an office. In 1880 his father started the “F. Mayer Boot and Shoe Co.” and George’s duties became a multiplicity, ranging from office sweep, errand boy and general roustabout, doing chores, to bookkeeper. But he plugged away, undaunted, cheerful and industrious, qualities he has retained to now. Success crowned his efforts. The concern bearing his father’s name is known throughout the country. It is managed by the three Mayer brothers, George P., Fred J.t and Adam J., our own George at the head as the president of the vast business venture. George P. is the son-in-law of the late George Brumder and a member of Grace Lutheran church. See his name in the subscription list for our new “gym.” It is an “earnest” of his feeling. Wm. A. Baumann of Winona, Minn., was born at that place on June 13, 1873. Aside from home surroundings, he prizes as a great boon that his youth was guided by that noblest of America’s Lutherans, the late Phil, von Rohr. William attended our college in the years 1886-88. He came home on the twelfth day of June, and next day, as a birthday celebration presumably, went to work. Persistency, added to the other fine qualities, told in his case also. From the first day to this he re mained at his present occupation and place, only today he is at the head of the business of the “Baumann & Gordon Co., Northwestern General Agents of Boston Insurance Company, Old Colony Insurance Company of Boston, and Michigan Commercial Insurance Company of Lansing, Mich.,” that has charge of the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Dakotas, with nearly 700 agents. Wm. A. Baumann has become one of Minnesota’s leading citizens and is a member of the Lutheran St. Martin’s church. Of an agreeable and peaceable disposition, in his hours of relaxation given only to his family and motor boating and cars, he is known to the more intimate “Northwestern circles” on account of his disagreement with the Rev.

252

THE BLACK AND RED.

Carl Gausewitz, president of Northwestern’s board. The disagreement came to a happy settlement. It consisted in the two gentlemen each claiming precedence in loveliness for two sisters, each for her of his choice, of the most estimable Borth family. In loyal fashion they stuck to their convictions, and so it happened that they became brothers-inlaw, and “lived happy ever afterwards.” For that broader view into the borderlands of our intellectual plateau, William Baumann is grateful to his old college. For his subscription to the new “gym” see a future date. E. Albert Wurster, ex-president of the Northwestern Club of Mil waukee, and present chairman of the building committee for the new “gymnasium and assembly hall,” was born at Buffalo, N. Y., March 11, 1861. The family removed to Allentown, Pa. Of Wuerttemberg extrac tion also, it happened that Wurster Senior was a very fast friend of our own beloved Dr. F. W. Notz. It was he who took E. Albert to our college in Watertown, and the boy got the best out of what he met with, even up to the daughters of Watertown. Friend Wurster married one of Watertown’s fairest daughters, the then Miss Hedwig Schultz. Albert remained at Northwestern from 1874 to 1879 (through Sccunda). Making Milwaukee his home, he was up to 1894 connected with brewery interests, when he associated himself with Herman Falk. To gether they built up a fine business, the “Falk Co.,” steel founders and manufacturers of railroad special work. At the present writing he is with his family on his way to Europe with the intention of making his trip a six months’ stay abroad. On bidding him adieu, he gave expres sion to the following fine sentiment—backed by an additional $150.00 subscription—“May the erection of the hall realize at an early date, for I certainly should much like to see our old professors live to enjoy it in the appreciation of the fact that their work at our dear old school has not been in vain, but that we reciprocate their earnest efforts.” ONE OF THE 70’S.

ADDITIONS TO GYM FUND. = -

George P. Mayer, Milwaukee.................. C. H. Starke, Milwaukee......................... Adolph F. Bues, Milwaukee.................... E. A. Wurster, Milwaukee Second Inst.. Henry J. Diehl, Peshtigo......................... H. J. Anger, Wautoma........................... E. Ben Schlueter, Markesan.................. Adolph Hasse, Arcadia, Mich................. C. G. Kleinlein, Peshtigo........................ G. E. Bergemann, Fond du Lac, Inst. 2d J. Uhlmann, Hartford ........................... O. H. Koch, Columbus...........................

$1,000.00 500.00 400.00 150.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

THE BLACK AND RED.

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'■i

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A. A. Schley, Montello....................... W. K. Pifer, Florence......................... Otto Hoyer, Winneconne.................... A. Froehlke, Neenah........................... J. Zuberbier, Freemont....................... F. Greve, Kewaskum........................... Ernst Duerr, Omro............................. Paul T. Oehlert, North Fond du Lac C. Dowidat, Oshkosh........................... J. G. Pohley, Calvary......................... Rudolf Pietz, Lomira......................... C. F. Voges, Theresa........................ Adolf Werr, Brownsville................... J. Rien, Iron Ridge............................. Theophil Brenner, New London........ Alfred Sauer, Winona, Minn.............. Hermann Hoffmann, Milwaukee---Charles Straw, Watertown................ J. Schulze, Vandyne........................... Adolph Toepel, Iron Ridge............... Wm. Mahnke, Newburg 2d Inst........ E. Hoyer, West Bend......................... H. Wolter, Lomira...............................

253 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

254

THE BLACK AND RED.

EXCHANGES The LAKE BREEZE of January contains an excellent story entitled “Orders.” It is a realistic description of conflict of duties of an engineer who wishes to be at home with an ill child and is forced to be on duty. All in all it is a very creditable effort. The next story contains too little of a plot. You might have, had more success with an essay in its place. Your exchange department is good. It is always some consolation to see at least a few well worked-out criticisms after reading an unlimited number of so-called comments in other papers. The idea of printing certain criticisms on your own paper has something in favor of it. It is a bad thing for your articles, SIBYL, that one is almost deterred from reading them when one sees the small type you use in your paper. This can spoil the effect of a good paper. The stories in the December number are all fair, but rather short. While we found very little sense in “A California Christmas,” we enjoyed all the more the essay “On the Pollination of the Navel Orange.” More articles of this nature would greatly improve your paper. To satisfy you, let us state that the number of exchanges received by the BLACK AND RED during the last five weeks is sixty—not so very limited an exchange list after all! Again the SUSQUEHANNA comes with an article against the mis placement of governmental power in the United States, and the article speaks but too truly. The “Embezzlers of Power” in our country are fast becoming a host. We beg to differ with the writer’s opinion that “there are more honest than dishonest men in our nation.” The atircle “Physical Activity” is too radical. There are other things in life as necessary to keep us healthy as exercise. We endorse the paragraph in your exchange columns stating that an exchange editor should take an unbiased and just view of other papers. The literary column of the COYOTE of January leaves some bad impressions with the reader. “New Year Thoughts” contains some good ideas and is passable. But a too evident plagiarism in the story “Dor othy’s Christmas” spoils that article for us. The writer ought to have known that the story “The Christmas Carol” is too well known to let his own story pass as original. The editorial “College Paper” is not so very clearly worked out, but it gives most things correctly. Don’t give such undue prominence to Personals and Locals, though. A college paper should not be on the style of a newspaper. The BERKELYDIAN at least contains variety of matter, if it is not quite of the highest quality. A story of the work of reformers in the slums, one treating of life on the frontier against Indians, a lesson in Chaucer, and a description of a senior class meeting form the varied contents. The story taken from Chaucer is probably the best, as the plot at least is good, though lacking the originality. It is also written on the clerk, who is one of the most sympathetic characters to us. That repetition is reputation was a new idea to us; but the writer of

THE BLACK AND RED.

255

the editorial on this subject has well succeeded in showing the truth of the statement. Altogether this editorial is the best part of the paper, and we vainly looked for more of its kind. Your exchange column is decidedly deficient in about all respects.

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256

THE BLACK AND RED.

LOCATLB On Jan. 21 J. Ruege, '13, was suddenly called to his home in West Allis on account of the death of his cousin. Harold Rockhoff, prep., one of the scarlet-fever victims, has recov ered, returning to school Jan. 31. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lincoln, resident in Miles City, Mont., were here on a visit to E. Leipelt. A. Zibell, ’13, visited Waterloo Jan. 28. The Rev. Karrer, Wausau, Wis., stopped to see his son while on his way to Milwaukee to attend the funeral of Rev. C. Dornfeld. Theo. Schliepsieck, ’13, received a call from his father, Rev. Schliepsieck, on Jan. 31. H. Koch and A. Berg, members of the senior class, were guests of the former’s parents in Columbus on January 7 and 8. A. Schaller, ’ll, called on friends at Fort Atkinson Jan. 28. On Jan. 25, A. Mueller, prep., accompanied by H. Press, prep., vis ited his parents at Oconomowoc. L. Mass, T2, has discontinued his work for the school-year, on ac count of failing health. His absence will be keenly felt by the band, of which he is a member. Wm. Block, prep., went to Fond du Lac on Jan. 11, for eye treatment. Mr. Charles Baerwald of Wauwatosa made us a call Jan. 29. The Rev. H. Wente, Ph. D., of Crete, 111., visited at N. W. C. on Jan. 16. H. Pankow, T2, H. Pankow, T4, and A. Sitz, T4, were the guests of Mr. H. F. Oestreich, Pipersville. W. Schulze, Acc., was in Oconomowoc on Jan. 21. Charles Spath, Acc., and C. Uffenbeck, prep., journeyed to Richwood Jan. 30. Miss Mary Swift discontinued her studies at college. Mr. Alfred Hinz of Black Creek, Wis., formerly a member of Tl, visited at the N. W. C. Jan. 20-22. He was on his way to Milwaukee, where he wanted to obtain a position as bookkeeper. On the afternoon of February 1, L. Koeninger, Wm. Hartwig, J. Ruege, and W. Hillmer, members of the class of T3, were most pleas antly entertained at the home of Rev. H. Moussa of Jefferson, who was but recently a prominent member of our faculty. The boys skated down in blithe spirits, but were somehow in a quite different mood at the different stages of the homeward trip, which was effected only after the fourth method of locomotion had been put to the test. The interurban finally brought us to our destination. Mr. J. Krubsack, Tl, received a call from his uncles, John of Embarass, Wis., and Christ of Ashippun, Wis., on February 1. While on his way to Milwaukee, the Rev. I. Brockebusch of Tomah, Wis., stopped for a short visit with his son Immanuel, prep.

THE BLACK AND RED.

257

©AMPPS AMP ©LA§SI1©©M —Reports, hurrah! (? ?) —Dr. (pointing to a Leyden jar) : What do you think this is? B-r-z: A lightning jar. —Prof.: Will you make a sentence in which amiss occurs? K—b-1: If nothing interferes I will take home a miss some fine evening. —P-mps: Let’s go to the F. I. of Mich, and take up pharmacy? Fat: Pshaw, I don’t want to be a farmer. —Class (seeing the Hebrew alphabet on the board): What do you think about that? We are supposed to read an “unpunktierten Text” today. —Pete (while defining a “kiss” is interrupted by Tubby): Na, das ist doch nicht anstaendig? Pete: Doch, es gchoert mit zur allgemeinen Bildung und ist eine der hoeheren Kuenste. —Two little girls were comparing notes in catechism. “How far are you?” asked the first. “O, I am as far as unpardonable sins. How far are you?” “Why, I’m past redemption.” (Ex.) —Dr.: Do we have anything like “San Giovanni” nowadays? Shuft. II: Fourth of July. —“That’s the long and short of it.” “I don’t understand; what do you mean?” “O, I just saw Bobby P. and H-n-ck walking down the hall together. —Student (canvassing): Would you like to buy a nice book cheap? Farmer: I can’t read. Student: Probably your wife and children can. Farmer: Have no wife or children, only have a cat. Get out! Student: Perhaps you’d want something to throw at the cat some time, and this book would be the ideal thing. —Said a maiden sweet and coy, To a very bashful boy, While walking side by side, “Do you like chicken roast or fried?” He ventured to say not a thing. She, “Please, do take a wing.” —Dr.: C02 will be very useful as long as the saloons last, because— Kl-ngb—1 (interrupting) : The prospects look good. —P-lm—ch: Can you see much through your glasses now? Hemo: No, but I can see you plainly. —Three is a crowd, and there were three, A girl, the parlor lamp and he. Two is company, and no doubt, That’s why the lamp went out.

' -

258

THE BLACK AND RED.

—Dr.: Where are you boys in History now? Hans: I’m sure I don’t know. J. B.: All over. —Prof.: What persons were buried in Westminster Abbey? Shult III: Those that were—dead. —Prof.: Liber Alter, scripsit Caesar, als er seinen Caesar schrieb. Schrieb er dann wohl auch noch weiter? Stud.: Gewiss, am Ende schrieb er doch sicherlich, lieber Vater, schick mir Geld! —O. T—p-1 (while taking a walk): Isn’t this weather fine and salu brious? W-b-no: Yes, I think it is good for the complexion. O. T—p-1: Ach, let’s change the subject, it sounds so crazy. —Barber: Do you want your hair cut any special way? Prep: Yes, cut them—off. —When “Mons” did his usual phoning he was overheard saying: “You were very cool last time, and may I know what the outlook for tonight is?” If we judge according to his mood immediately after, the answer must have been something like this: “Fair and warmer to F. R. night.”

1 I

THE

VERY MINUTE.

fc------------------------------------------

«■

^ The i;en/ minute that you need that next pair of ^ ^ S/ioes we want to talk with you. 3 Meanwhile—eyeri/ time you pass our window, 3 p to/ce a minute and take a look. 3 Notice how altogether “snappy”those Keith's 3 ^ Konquerors are. ^ i ^ j4n</ ly/zen yow get your feet in a pair of 'em 3 ^ j/ou7/ certainly know what “foot comfort” is. 3

£ £E

GORDER CO. I 604-608 Main Street

OUR NEW SPRING MODELS —IN—

Men’s and Young Men’s Suits made by those splendid Clothesmakers, The House of KUPPENHEIMER and EDERHEIMER STEIN & CO., will be shown in our Clothing Department soon. Don't overlook seeing these splendid styles.

‘THEBIG CASH STORE'

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

Dentist Removed to

Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

Cor. First and Main Streets

Telephone No. 258

Always a Complete Line of

Groceries BEDFORD

CLIFTON *$6 in. high

Shjin.hlgh

Arrow a

Notch COLLARS !»«.,» for ffic.

Clnett, Peabody & Co., MaJtera

Insure your buildings and contents in good strong companies. REPRESENTED BY

Fred W. Gamm WATERTOWN, WIS.

JAEDECKE & GRAMS 611-613 Main Street

F. W. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS : : Please Give Us a Trial We try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main Street

F. J. KOSER

BAKER

Through February and March avoid CHAPS by using our

Toilet

Almond

EBERLE'S DRUG STORE 204 Main St.

“THE PLACE WHERE THEY MAKE GOOD BREAD’ 0 0

Telephone 272-X

111 S. Second St.

Cream

Price 25c a Bottle Watertown, Wis.

ADVERTISE in the “Black and Red”

Something important a

Tungsten lights are as far superior to the old style lamps as gas is to the old style kerosene stove. Try them and you will never burn anything else.

Watertown Gas & Electric Company E. H. COOK, M. D.

<35. €. ^E-eirltcrf TEACHER OF

Rialto, &ioItn n«i» Jjnrmong

Practice limited to EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT Hours: 9:30 to 12 a. m.j 1:30 to 4 p. m.j 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evening?. Sundays, 10 to 1 a. m. Telephone 305-Y. Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffmann Bldg. Watertown, Wia.

Watertown’s Exclusive &tufrta 109 fflain &t. dlljirii 3Fluor *1

HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Strea'

dr. t. f. shinnick OFFICE HOURS: 2

A. M.#

4 AND 7 TO 8 P. M.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

BAKERY

OFFICE. 200 MAIN ST. PHONE 89-X RESIDENCE. 208 N. FIFTH ST. PHONE 273-X

W. A. Krahmer 114 W. Main

FOR THE VERY BEST WORK THAT HONEY CAN BUY ....Try.... *

Denninger’s THE GROUND FLOOR STUDIO 312 Main Street

Tel. 155-Y

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS OFFICIAL WATCH INSPECTORS for the C. M. & ST. P. RY. CO. and T. M. E. R. and L. CO. Watertown, Wisconsin

M(gdl Cnrcsll® 5

cent

CIGARS

ABE ALWAYS GOOD >

BAUMAN'S Pure Sugar Home Candies CHOCOLATES and BITTER SWEETS

He® CiFfgaiMB Hoimdla®® madl S@g1!§d§ —OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY—

LEAGUE BAI

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“MB 4f,

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"Spaldings'

HERRO & SON

BASE

FRUITS, GANDIES, ICE CREAM, CIGARS

Dealers in

BALL GOODS

210 Main Street. Watertown, Wis.

BANK OF WATERTOWN

always were and always will be, the

CAPITAL $150,000.

“Standard of the World” New Method Laundry In cheaper goods you only get what you pay for, and sometimes not that We carry a full line at all times.

DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 'Phone 81-Y 218 First Street

WM. G. PRITZLAFF&GO

JOS. I

Give your Laundry to KRUBSACK,

Manager.

STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

Mueller&Finck SHARP CORNER GROCERS

F. G. KECK & CO. THE PEOPLES BIG FURNITURE TORE

—Everything in—

FURNITURE 110-112 Main St.

Watertown, Wis*

Call for Fruits of All Kinds In Season and FINE GROCERIES at

Try a Sample of our

JOHN E. HEISMANty U6 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

College and Class Pennants Made to order in special designs. Prices quoted upon request.

905 Main St. FELT PENANNTS $3 PER DOZEN AND DP

EDWARD A. SCHULTZ

BOWLING

ALLEYS

Billiard and Pool Tables ....Also a Choice Line of.... CANDIES, TOBACCOS AND CIGARS 202-204 Madison Street

Watertown, Wit.

Send for free 28 page illustrated circu lar of Novelties for schools and cadets, including American Flags, Banners, Belt Buckles, Military Books, Brigade Rifles, Button Holders, Clothing Hangers, Fry ing Pan Clocks, Cravat Pins, Cuff But tons, Pennants, Hat PinsJerseys, Sweat ers, Tights, Fountain Pens, Trouser Stretchers, ’Varsity Flags, Watch Fobs, etc. The Pettibone Bros. Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Uniforms, Militaryand Secret Society Supplies, Cincinnati, 0.

THE

HOME OF QUALITY GROCERIES

Those After Meal Siestas, With Cigar or Pipe in Easy Chair, Will Be Found Much More Enjoyable If Said Meals Consist of Our Quality Groceries! TRY

THESE—THEY’LL

New German Dill Pickles Complete Line of

Cigars and Smoking Tobaccos

PLEASEI

Daily Churnings Fancy Gilt Edge Creamery Butter New Canned Goods OF ALL KINDS <<

FRED BITTNER

WATERTOWN, WIS.

501-503 N. FOURTH ST.

G. BUERGER’S MEAT MARKET

FRESH AND SALT MEATS

GLAUS & JAEGER PRINTERS OF THIS

PUBLICATION

Watertown

Wisconsin

“THE JUNIATA” SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second Street

WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of CIGARS, TOBACCO AND PIPES We Solicit Your Patronage

F. UTTECH & SON

PATRONIZE

The Best Place in Town for

FANCY GROCERIES AND FRUITS Third and Market St*.

Telephone 67-Y

"BLACK AND

RED"

Advertisers

You’ll “show off” to good advantage without trying to, if we put some of our clothes on you. You prob ably don’t want to look as if you were “showing off,” but that’s one of the beauties of the clothes we sell; a man looks dignified, distinguished, high class, without any effort at all, the clothes do it. That’s one of the reason’s why we put so much emphasis on and say so much about,

HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES. They are all-wool and keep the shape which good tailoring gives them in a way that inferior materials will not do. You ought to make up your mind to let us show them to you.

HERTEL & HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

BUY ONE FOR THE ROOM! AT KECK FURNITURE CO. B FOR $2.50

OFFICE HOURS:

10 to 12 A. M. by Appointment Only

1 to 3 and 7 to 8 F. M.

LOTOS PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON 319 Main Street Above Brenneche's Drat Store

Residence 809 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Telephone 144

IP YOU WANT FIRST-CLASS AND SATISFACTORY

photos

Ben //. Rieck PROPRIETOR OF THE

EAST END BARBER SHOP GORDER BLOCK

STUDENTSI 5 Haircuts for $1.00 604 Main Street Wisconsin

Watertown,

GO TO

DONNER GALLERY WATERTOWN PHOTO CO. 114 S. Third Street Special Rates made to Students

SCHEUETER BROS. MERCHANT lOc. CIGAR and ARC 5 c. CIGAR LEAD THEM ALL Watertown. Wta 106 Main Stroet

QUIN SPORTING GOODS GO. Milwaukee, Is.

Sporting Goods. We call the attention of the students to our new feature in the base ball line the “DUK FUT” glove, of which we are exclusive agents and will show with pleasure.

CHAS. J. SAUCK 1 and 3 Main St.

On the Bridge

Makers of

Fine Athletic ana Sporting Goods SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WRITE FOR CATALOG TRADE WITH

Schempf the Druggist "He Treats You Right”

' t

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wis.

did Main Street

Chas. A. Gamm The Corner Druggist

Prescriptions a Specialty 101 Main St.

W. D. SPHOESSER & GO. JEWELERS PIANOS AND ORGANS

'Phone No. 43 111 MAIN ST.

’PHONE NO. 2S9-T

Give us a Call We'll Try And Please You

WATERTOWN. WIS.

Fw SftjD(ga Fnft niadl

W. C. Vick Manufacturer* 01 High Grade

ICE CREAM AND GANDIES

WEAR

LEO RUESGH’S SHOES 210 MAIN STREET

EAT THE BEST

will be found fresh, pure and wholesome. We also carry a full line of candy novel ties at a low price. Call at 107 West Main Street. Wisco.wk**

*v ATBHTOW”

WHEAT SHEAF BRAND CREAMERY BUTTER

JAHNKE'S CELEBRATED ICE CREAM Such as you would put before guests. Manufactured by

3a1>nke Creamery 0o. 101 Western Avenue

Watertown, Wis.

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Ready-to-Wear Clothing M

HARVARD CLOTHES

We are now ready to make your Spring Suit or fit you out in one of our Nobby ready-to-wear Suits in the following new colorings, Grey, Brown, Tan and Blue. Our complete line of Hats in all the new shades and latest styles are shown in our dis play window for your inspec tion. The Cap line has never been so complete in styles and colors, we being in posi tion to match all colors in Men's and Boys' Suits. For Neckwear, Shirts, Hosiery and all other Haberdashery you will find us headquarters. We absolutely guarantee everything we sell or refund money it unsatisfactory.

Wegemann-Faber-Kaercher Co, Comer Third and Main Sts.

Watertown, Wis.

HERTEL & HOFFMANN 107-109 MAIN STREET

©,

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DIRECTORY. Officers of the Various Organizations of N. W. U.

THE COLLEGE. Prof. A. F. Ernst .Dr. J. H. Ott Dr. A. Hoermann

President.......... Vice President Secretary.......... ALUMNI.

.Rev. W. Huth Dr. J. H. Ott .Rev. F. Schumann .Rev. Chr. Sauer

President....................................... Vice President and Treasurer 2nd Vice President.................. Secretary....................................... NORTHWESTERN CLUB.

Dr. F. F. John .Louis Ungrodt .Dr. Eberhardt Notz Julius J. Dammann

President.......... Vice President Treasurer........ Secretary.......... ATHLETIC BOARD.

.A. Berg, ’ll J. Masch, T2 .L. Mahnke, ’12

President. Treasurer Secretary. Schweppe, ’ll

Kluender, ’ll BAND.

Director............ President.......... Vice President Secretary.......... Treasurer........

Prof. H. Frank ,L. Mahnke, ’12 .C. Kluender, ’ll R. Bartz, T2 ,H. Pankow, T2 ORCHESTRA.

Director............................. President........................... Vice President................. Secretary and Treasurer

.Prof. A. Kuhn .C. Kluender, 'll .G. Schley, ’ll A. Hanke, ’ll MALE CHORUS.

Director.............................. President............................ Vice President.................. Secretary and Treasurer,

.Prof. C. Bolle A. Berg, ’ll C. Kluender, ’ll , E. Reim, ’ll MILITARY COMPANY.

President.......... Vice President Secretary.......... Treasurer..........

A. Hanke, ’ll .J. Masch, T2 P. Froehlke, ’12 .P. Eggert, ’12

EDITORIAL STAFF

BLACK AND RED, 1911.

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I Winfred Schaller, ’ll. F. W, Schweppe. '11, Walter Schumann, ’12.

Elmer Sauer, ’ll. Arthur Werner, 'll. Frank Reier, ’12.

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Edmund Reim, I Paul Froehlke, M2. W. E. Hillmer, M3.

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OUR NEW PROFESSOR

REV. M. SPRENGLING

INDEX TO VOLUME XIV. OF BLACK AND RED

INDEX.

Alumni...................... 63, 121, 136, 164, 197, 228, 260,286 A Merry Christmas 178 A Mother’s Love.. 9 Amor Vincit Omnia 173 An American College Song for a German-American College 286 A Plea for “Northwestern”............................................................ 56 241 A Restricted Franchise..................................................................... ............32, 66, 98, 123, 139, 161, 193,283 Athletics . . Aus dem Leben des Grossen Kurfuersten 261 Bequest to Endowment Fund.......................................................................................... 166 Campus and Classroom............36, 71, 104, 126, 143, 3 69, 202, 234, 267,296 Centenary of University of Berlin................................................................................. 223 208 Christmas and Christmas Customs 171 Christmas in the Woods.... 14, 55, 92, 114, 134, 158, 186, 219, 245,277 College Notes .......................... 46 Daniel Webster as an Orator De Rebus Omnibus....................... 17, 67, 95, 115, 135, 160, 190, 221, 248,284 Die Schiffahrt der Indianer.............................................................................................. 128 246 Dr. Notz’s Siebzigster Geburtstag 11, 51, 90, 112, 132, 155, 183, 216, 242,273 Editorials . 106 Einfluss der Deutschen auf die Vereinigten Staaten............... 237 Einfluss der Kreuzzuege auf die Weiterentwicklung Europas 263 Elisabeth Charlotte ............................................................................ 34, 67, 101, 123, 140, 166, 199, 232, 254,292 Exchanges . .. 48 Five Minutes 59 George Brumder, Sr............................................................... 43 German Press in Colonial Times........................................ 60, 117 Gleanings of Roman History from the Odes of Horace 122, 162, 198, 230, 252,290 Gymnasium Fund Hardluck Billy . . 130 Lewis and Clark.. 35, 69, 102, 124, 141, 167, 201, 233, 256,294 Locals.................... 2SS Northwestern Club 250 Obituary................ 75 On the Eve of the Reformation............................ 196 Our New Professor................................................... 19 Palestine....................................................................... 96 Praeses A. Schroedel (’73)..................................... 177 Raising the Maine...................................................... S2 Seniors .......................................................................... 31 Smoker of Northwestern Club.............................. 146 The Annexation of Texas......................................... 240 The Discipline of Failure........................................ 266 The Fight for Sound Money................................... 270 The Fur Trade in Wisconsin................................. 153 The Origin' of Thanksgiving................................... 259 The Triumph of Superstition................................. 5 The Value of Birds................................................... 205 The Witches in Macbeth.......................................... 151 Through the Fire...................................................... 1S1 Tubby’s Thanksgiving ............................................ 114 Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Dr. Ott................... S Victims of the Lake................................................... 39 Warum und was sollen wir lesen (Fortsetzung)

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Volume XIV.

Watertown, Wis., March, 1911.

Number 10.

THE TRIUMPH OF SUPERSTITION.

“You seem to he in a hurry, Ethel.” These were the words, with which Ted Ellham accosted his fiancee after he had followed her for nearly two blocks. “Where have you been?” “You seem to be very much interested, young man,” she answered, laughingly, as they walked along. “That is quite proper, is it not?” “I have been visiting a friend of mine. She is a clairvoyant, and a very interesting person.” “A clairvoyant?” “Why, yes. She told me many interesting things. She said if I ever were in trouble or had a quarrel with you, I should come to her and all would be well. She has already made many couples happy and reunited them after a quarrel. I told her, however, that I did not think that I would ever need her help in that capacity.” These last words she spoke

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with an admiring glance at the tall, muscular figure of the man who had promised to wed her. She was surprised to see him frown. "Now, Ethel, when are you going to give up believing in such non sense? Clairvoyant is only a different way of saying humbug or cheat.” "But she knew that I was engaged before I told her.” "She probably saw the ring on your finger. It is just such tricks that these people use in making their wonderful prophecies. Such fraud ought to be prohibited by law. Ethel, you will oblige me by not asso ciating with this person any more.” “You seem to be assuming an authority which you do not possess, sir.” "I certainly am entitled to express my wishes as to the company which my betrothed shall keep.” "Then I do not propose to be your betrothed any longer. Here is your ring. I wish you good-night, Mr. Ellham.” "Very well. Good-night.” And off he stalked, without turning to see her enter the house, as had been his custom before. I

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"What’s bothering you, Ted?” asked Dick, his brother, as they sat smoking their after-dinner cigars on the day after the quarrel. "You have something on your mind.” "I’ve done it.” "Done what?” "Quarreled with Ethel.” "Quarreled with Ethel? Why?” "Well, I laughed at one of her little pet superstitions, and she wouldn’t stand for it.” And here Ted related the entire story. "Well,” advised Dick, "suppose you try the clairvoyant. You cer tainly have a quarrel worthy of her attention.” "I wouldn’t think of going there.” With these words Ted rose and left for his work. But all through the afternoon Dick’s advice was ringing in his ears, "Try the clairvoyant.” "Supposing there is some thing to this; am I not a greater fool than ever if I remain obstinate?” With these and similar thoughts in mind he sought the house from which he had seen Ethel emerge on the day before. When he observed the squalor of the neighborhood, his resolution almost failed him. But finally he did ascend the first flight of stairs, muttering something about "seeing this thing through.” He paused on the first landing and looked about for a sign. But instead of one sign he saw several. And he had no idea in which room Ethel had been. Disgustedly he turned to leave the building, when he heard ap proaching footsteps. To avoid being seen he hid in a dark corner in the rear of the hallway. Closer and closer the footsteps approached until they stopped before the door which was nearest to his hiding place. He heard the person rap at the door, once, twice, and again, but without receiving an answer from within. Then Ted heard a sob, and stepped forth to make an offer of assistance.

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“Ethel!” “Ted!” And then a few moments upon which we shall not intrude. As they emerged from the building some time later, Ethel was heard to say, “And so the clairvoyant did help us, even though she was not there herself.” E- R-, ’ll.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Ifjm gu cntferncn. SDie ©tettungen, bie bie bexfcbiebenen §eixfd)ex ©uxopag ein nabmen, brief en cine flttannigfaltigfeit ber 2In[icf)ten fonbexgleid)en nuf. Oeftex* xeidb max bexeit, gxiebxid) gcgcn bie ©dbmeben 3U unterTtiiên, ba bxefe bem eigenen Sanbe gefabtltdb mexben fonnten. 2)odb in SBegug auf beg Stafuiften S3efifcungen am Sfttjein max gexbinanb bemfelben ein entfcbiebenex ©egner. gxanfxeidb bagegen, bafj bie $axtei bex ©dbmeben exgxiffen batte, mollte Ieiiterex fteftfeijung in SDeutfd)* lanb buicbaug feben. 9tm ftljeine bagegen ftanb eg auf beg SXuifuxften ©eite. %oU Ianb bafete ©djmeben megen bex ftonturreng auf bem 2fteexe, motlte abex nicbt, bafj giiebxidb am 9Ujeine S3efifcungen babe. Snblid) batte bex Stuxfuxft nod) mit ftRagbe* buxg unb anbexen tReid)gftabten einftlidje $ampfe. ©g gibt mobl menig bexmideltexe Sagen in bex aDBettgefc^td^tc alg bie beg ©xofjen Sluxfiixften 2tnno 1648. 2tnfangg fdjien eg aud), alg ob eg nic^t gelingen miixbe, bie Sinbeit beg 9Reicfje§ 3U xetten. ©g txaten bexfcf)iebene entmutigenbe fUMfjerfoIge ein. £)ie ^xieben§be= fajtiiffe muxben bon ben ©egnern nid)t geadjtet, eine ©txeitigfeit mit bem $fatg* gxafen Sffiolfgang SQUIbetm fiel 3U Ungunften gxiebxidjg aug unb bex ?Ian beg ©xafen bon SBalbed mufjte audj înfallen. Sxotj altebem axbeitete bex Sluxfiixft bocf) uneimiiblidj meitex, fein §eex 3U beigiofjern. Unb ex fotlte eg aud) balb notig baben. 90Ut bem Sa^rc 1654 muxben bie SlexljcUtniffe ganglid) urngcfdjmungen. ©bn= ftine bon ©djmeben batte bag ffteidj ibrem Setter, .ftarl ©uftao bon ^3fat3==3tDei= briiden bermadjt. ôbann Stofimix bon $oten, bex bon einex cittercn fiinie beg* felben £>aufe§ ftammte, loollte fidj bag nidit bieten Iaffcn unb exôb ©infprudj. SDa griebridjg fianb gexabe 3hrifdjen biefen beibcn lag, tonnte eg nidf)t augbteiben, bafj cx mit in ben $ampf bineingegogen murbe. SDa ex untcx potnifdjcx £cT)n§obcxi)obeit ftanb, badjte ex, mit beffen unb Qefterreitf)g ^>itfe bie ©djmeben fernbalten 3U ionnen. 2)odj Slart X. max 3U fdjnell. ©r bxang ein, et)c iibexbaupt Unterbanb* Iungen angefniipft mexben fonnten. Urn nun nid)t fein Canb ber Sermiiftung bon ©eiten ©djmebeng 3U untexmerfen, bexbanb fid) ^riebridi mit 5âxl ©uftao, ja nabm fogax bie Sebngoberbobeit unter ibm an. SDie Seiben brangen in $oIen ein, mo fic^ eine giofje 5Ixmee gefammelt batte, unb in ber breitagigcn ©d)tad)t bei SBarfdjau 1656 muxben bie ipoten faft bi§ 3ur S3ernid)tung iiberimmben. SeiI3 mobt gum 3)ant, teil§ aber aud) urn ben ûxfiirften feftcr an fid) 311 feffeln, Iofte jejjt tol X. ba§ £ebn§bert)altm§ im 93ertrag bon Sabiau auf. S)a exbebt fidb Slanemart, ba§ gang in ber ©emalt ©dimcbeng gemefen max. S)ieg max eine gu giofje ©efabr, al§ bajj Haxt ©uftab fie batte iibeigeben biixfen. Sr mufete feinen iRiidgug auf alte galle gefid)ert miffen unb gog begbî^* idjnell nad) SDanemart. bexbanben ficb bie ôlen mit ben 3tu|fcn unb Oefteireidjein, unb urn ben ©dbmeben felbft ibren Sunbeggenoffen 311 nebmcn, fagten fie im 23ei* trag pon SBeblau im 3bbre 1657 ben $urfiirften bom Cebngberbdttnig tog, menn ex mit ibnen gegen ©djmeben fampfen mottte. ^xiebxid) nabm bie ©eXegenêit mabt. §iex fonnte ex bon aUer Oberbobeit frei merben unb gugleid) fein fReid) bon Jcinben faubexn. 93exeint mit biefen SCftddjten bxang er nun box. ©djnett muxbe fein Sanb bon ben beibafjten ©cbmeben gexeinigt. unb fdjon mottte man aud) nad) SBoipommern gieben, urn aud) bort nad) bem iRed)ten gu feben. S)a exttang gerniffexmafeen ein gebietenfdjeg §Qtt! bon feiten f^xanXxeid^S. S>te ©d)meben foltten nid)t gdngtid) bertxieben mexben, unb fiubmig nabm eine fo bxobenbe ©tettung ein, ba§ ^xiebxiib

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mo^t ober iiBct nadigeben mufete. 3m grieben bon Oliba (1660) mu&te IjSreugen ôntmern fret geben. 2)ocb ein§, unb ba§ bie ®auptfa(be, âtte ber ©rofee $htr* fiirft ftriebri<$ SBilbelm erlangt. SDte ©ouberanitcit be§ êrgogiumS $reufjen murbe bon ben europaifcben ffliacbten anertannt. ftacb amanstg 3abren fdjmeren 5tampfen§ unb IRingenS ^ntte ber H'urfiirft fein tRetd^ bom 93erberben gerettet. S3et ber Seurteilung ber §cmblungen be§ ©rofjen $urfiirften, feineS augen* fdêxnltdên ©dimanfenS, mu§ man eben bie febr bermidelte Sage in§ Sluge faffen, unb nicbt bergeffen, mie uneigenniitjig griebricb feine beften fttafte bem 33aterlanb opferte. Slucb bie #anblungen, bie un§ berraterifcf) fdjeinen, ftnb alle fiir ba§ 2Bobl be§ SanbeS attein gefcbeben. 2Benn mir e§ fo betradjten, !onnen mir un§ nur munbern iiber bie fdjarfe Ueberftdjt ber 93erbciltniffe, burdj meldje e§ 2?riebricfj ffiilbelm gelungen mar, bem .fieqogtum ^reufjen Wnerfennmtg 3U berfdjaffen. 2B. ©. Tl.

£Hfa6c*$ Cfcarlotfc. ■

©Iifabetb ©barlotte murbe al§ Softer Slarl SubmigS bon ber ^Pfalg unb ber ©barlotte bon #effen am 27. 9ftai 1627 3U £eibelberg geboren. SDie @b* ibrer ©Item mar feine gliidlidje unb murbe beSbalb balb aufgeloft. 3b* $ater bermablte net) barauf mit bem §offrciuIein Suife bon X>egenfelb. 9JHt ben Sinbern au§ biefer ©be, ben tftaugrafen unb JRaugrafinnen, mar ©Iifabetb GHjarlotte eng befreunbet. 5113 if>r S3ater gefcfjieben mar, follte fte bom £>ofe entfernt merben. S)e3$aIB murbe fie mit bem ftraulein bon Uffeln nad) £annober gef(f)icft ju ibrer Xante ©opbie, ibre§'93aterS ©djmefter unb ber ©emablin beS §er3og§ ©rnft 5Iuguft. SDiefe leitete nun ibre meitere ©r3iebung unb murbe ibre 3meite Gutter. ©§ enifpann fid) balb eitt innigeS S3erbaltni§ 3mifdjen beiben, ba§ aud) bi§ anS ©nbe mabren follte. Oer ©inftufj biefer geiftreidien grau 3eigt fidb fpater im gan3en Seben; benn mabrenb fte ibren ©igcnftnn bon ber Gutter erbte, fo fdârfte fte ibre Sunge an ©opIjienS 35cifpiel. 5tber bei ©opbie fdjiittet fie fpater ibr ®er3 au§, bei ibr finbet fte Xroft unb ©ebor fiir ibre beitere ©timmung unb ibren Jgumor. ©If 3«bre att fam fte nod) $eibelberg 3uriid, mo fte mit ibrem S3ruber, Jtur* prin3 Sari, bon bem ©elebrten unb ©taatSmann ©3ed)iel ©panbeim er3ogen murbe. S3iS jeijt mar ©Iifabetb ©barlotte, ober Sifelotte, mie fte genannt murbe, ein red)te3 ftaturfinb. 3mmcr frifdb un^ froblidj, 3u luftigen ©treicên aufgelegt, mu^§ fte beran. ©ie mar eine offene Sâtur unb nabm, urn bie pfaîfdje 9Fteben§= art 3U gebraueben, fein SSIatt bor ben 9Jtunb, unb bie§ tat fie fpater audj niebt. §cr3og Philipp bon Orleans, ber SSruber CubmigS XIV., mar am 30. 3un^ 1670 bermitmet. ©ine ©cbmagerin ârl SubmigS fa’jte nun ben 5]3Ian, Sifelotte att ben ^>er3og 311 bermablen. fiubmig XIV. ftanb bamalS ungefabr auf ber #obe fetner SCRad^t, unb ba glaubte Slarl Cubmig, er tonne fein Sanb bur(^ biefe #eirat fitbern. X)ie S3ermablung mar aber erft burdi ben Uebertritt fiifelottenS 3ur fatbo« Hfcben 5lirdje moglid), unb mare fte einfacb iibergetreten, fo butte biefeS grofjeS 5tufs icgen erregt. X)a fdjlug nun bie ©djmagerin finna bor, ©Iifabetb ©barlotte folle borgeblidb obne XBiffen Sari SubmigS bon feinem ©efretar ©bebreau in ben ronti* febat Sebren unterrid^tet merben unb bann 3U 3Jteb iibertreten. S)ie§ geftbab bann aueb. ©ie mujjte aucb cinen 93rief urn S3er3eibung unb âdbftibt an ibren SSater

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ridjten. <5o mobl getang tfjnen bxcfer $Ian, bafj man crft in neuerer 3eit Me marten 3Serf)attmffe non intern Ucbertritt erfaljren bat. 3b* fffiefen madjte am fran3ofifdjen #ofe grofeeS fduffeben. ©ier berrfdjten, um ibre eigenen SQSorte 311 gebraudjen, fâtfdjêxt unb Giige, unb bie§ mar i^rer offenen fftatur gan3 3umiber. 2)er Slonig intercffierte fid) fe^r fiir fte , unb nadj* bem et ibre ©igenart erfannt batte, a^tcte cr fte aud). ©in branbenburgifcber ©e* fdfaftStrager am fran3ofxfdên ®ofe urteilte iiber fie: „0bmobt x^r SBefen nxd^t attcrbingS fran3'oftf(b ift, fo eycuffxert mans bocb bamit, bafe eS obne Stffeftion unb oljne §offabrt ift." ^ntereffant ift eS aud) 311 refen, maS fie iiber x^re ôputaritat fagt. ©ie fbreibt: „3e|t bin id) feljr a la mobe, benn atteS, ma§ icb fage unb tue, c§ fei gut ober iiber3loerf, baS abmirieren bie £oftcute aud) bermaften, bafe, mie idj midi bei bicfer grofjen Hatte bebadjt, meinen atten 3obct anautun, um mariner auf bem §aIS 3U baben, fo Iafjt jetjt jebermann einen auf bieS patron madjen, unb eS ift jetjt bie grofete URobe; toeI<f)eS mid^ mof)I Iad)en ntadit, benn ebenbiefelben, fo jefct biefe Sflobe abmirieren unb felber tragen, tjaben mid) nor fiinf 3a^ren bermafeeit auSgeladjt unb mid) fo mit meinem 3obeI befdirieen, baft id) iftn feitbem nicbt mebr bab’ antun biirfen. ©0 geftt’S bier bei biefem £»ofe 311, mcnn bie ©ourtifanS fid) cinbilben, bab einer in fabeur ift, fo mag einer tun, maS man mitt, fo fann man bodj berfidjert fein, bafe man apropiert merben mirb, bergegett aber, mann fie fid) baS contrari einbitben, fo loerben fte einen nor ribiculc batten, mcnn er gteid) nom ftimmet tame." 3b* ©ernabl tnar ein unmannlidjer ©baraftcr, oerfdjmenberifrfj unb fittenloS. (5r tieft fte aud) teinen groften ©inftuft auf if)re Sdnber auSiiben. 3b* ©ot)n W5 Iipp tourbe friib bon feinem SSater berborben, aber it)re gleicbnantige Sodjter mar baS ©benbilb ibrer Gutter. Subtoig XTY. mottte biefe beiben mit 3»oei bon feiitcn unebetidjen $inbern berpeiratet toiffen. £>iergegen ftraubte fid) Sifetotte atten ©rnfteS, aber fie bermodjte nidjt bie ©be ibreS ©obne mit ber 9ftme. be 23Ioi§ gu berbinbern. Oiefe ©be bat ober nie ©nabe bor it)r gefunbeit, unb fte gab aud) itjren Unmilten burdj eine ijffentlidje O^feige tunb. 9flan fann eS ibr aud) berbenfen; benn ba§ S3Ub, baS fte unS bon ibrer ©d)loiegertod)ter gibt, ift burdjauS fein angenebme§. ©ie fdjreibt: „2JieineS ©obnS ©emat)lin ift ein mibcrlidjeS 2ftenfdj, fdufft ftef) alle SBodj brei bi§ biennat fternSootl, bat gar feine inclination 311 mir." ©ie mnb aber erfolgteidje Unterftiitjung, alS fte gegen ben $tan 3ttr Sermdbtung ibrer Sod)ter auftrat.^ 5)iefe tourbe fpater bie ©emablin beS ^tergogS fieopolb bon Cotfj5 rtngen unb fo bie ©tammmutter be§ ofterreiîfd)en 5laifert)aufe§. Sabre 1685 ftarb ibr SBruber, £urfiirft $?art, unb mit it)tn ertofd) bie Itmmernfcbe finite. ?tia^ bem pfat3ifd)en ipauSgefe^ t)dtte ttun bie gan3e Slurpfatg Me nadjftjungere Sinie, bie neuburgifdje, iibergugeben. 3)a aber trat Sub* •Cl” forberte bie tpfat3 fut ben $er3og bon Orleans al§ ben ©emat)I ^ porlotte. §eere rucitcn in hie ipfala ein. 8ub= ' r bel" êfe?|1 nu§9eên, hie fc&iine ipfnt3 su netftuften, nnb bie§ tnien et bT ®enetaI ®eIcic- SeftelSem mit feinem ptadjtigen ©c&tofe, & fZ™ Drte l»«ben getahe3u toernicfjtet. abecffinl iS"3^21'^^ Mr- ®ic Bat um ©djonung fur ibr SBaterlanb, fohaft fie fnanfnn. ®e tunr, bnfi man e§ nnqeblieb ibretmegen tnt,

?$“ ?tr» ~ »“» M*»

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2)aburd), bag fte fid) in bie ôlitil eingumifcben fucbte, âttc fie bic ©unft SubmigS XIV. tierloren, unb menig Sludftdjt mar ba, biefelbe miebergugeminnen, ba fie beffen ©efabrtin, bie gran non 2ttaintenon, bafete. 2>iefe, bie ffiitme eined 2)i<3)terd, murbe guerft bie ©rgieberin non fiubmigd ftinbern, bann SOiarquife bon 'JJiaintenon unb gulefct fiubmigd ©einablin. 3n bielen ©tiiden mar fie gerabe bad ©egenteil ber ©lifabetb ©barlotte. ©ie mar tein offener ©barafter, fonbern tiiplomatifd), erfiinftelt befebeiben, frommelnb unb geneigt, bie ^roteftanten audgu* rotien. ©in ffierfgeug ibrer ©eelforger, iibte fte einen feljr nadjteiligen ©influg auf Lie $|3oIitif aud. ©ie tat bied aber nidjt offen. ©lifabetb ©barlotte fagt bon ibr: ,/5ie ift nidjt fo narrifd), baft fie fid) foltte Slonigin erflaren, fte fennt ibred 9ftans ued §umor gu mobl; foltte fie foldjed tun, miirbe fte batb in Ungnaben unb tier* Ioren fein/' ©in anbermal fdjreibt fte: „£)b id) nidjt ntefjr jung bin, fo ift bod) bie alte 3ott alter aid id), tjoffe alfo, bag id) nod) bor meinent Sobe ben ©pag Ijaben merbe, ben alien Seufel berften gu feljen." 5lld fte nun biefen „©pag" âite, fdjrieb fte: „3)ie alte ©djump ift berredt." 5lber ©lifabetb ©barlotte mar bod) ungeredjt gegen bie grau bon SWaintcnon; mir miirben ein feljr falfdjed S3ilb bon ibr belong men, miirben mir alien Sludfagen fiifelottend iiber fie glauben. ©ie fjagte bie grau bon Sflaintenon gu feljr, aid bag fte fie ridjtig beurteilte. 92ad) bem 2obe ibred ©emails im 3>af)re 1701 erfolgte bie 23erfb^nung gmi* fdjen ibr unb fiubmig mie mit ber SERaintenon. $lld barauf granfreidb im fpani* fdjen ©rbfolgefriege bott bar ten ©djidfaldfdjlagen getroffen murbe, geigte fte, bag fie aud) fiir grantreid) fIRitleib entpfiuben fomite. 2)ied braebte ifjr ben guten Sfiillen ber anberen mieber, fobag aud) fiubmig XIV. auf feinem ©terbebette U)t betannte, bafj er fte ftetd nietjr geliebt babe, aid fte felber gemeint. giir ben unmiinbigen fiubmig XV. fiibrte iljr ©opn $biWp bie fftegentfdjaft. 92un murbett il)r groge 5lud3eid)nungen guteil, fobag iljre legten $abre bie gfang= reidjften ibred fiebend maren. ©ie mifebte fid) aber nidjt in bie ôlitif, fonbern fte meinte, grantreid) fei lange genug Oon SBeibcrn regiert morben. 3br ©obn tiers Salt ibr gum Seil bie ©djmergen, bie fte urn iljn erbulbet batte, inbem er mit ifinb* lidjer fiiebe fiir fte forgte. ©iebettgig Saljre alt ftarb fie am 8. SDegember 1722 gu ©t. ©loub. Obmobl man bamald ailed grangofifdje nadjaljmte, mar fte bocb am frangoft* feben £ofe ftotg auf iljr $£>eutfd)tum. gbr* 23riefe nad) S)eutfd)Ianb fdjrieb fte in beutfdjer ©pradje, unb ibre ©pradje ift fernig, reid), eigentiimlicb unb frifd). ©egen ©nbe ibred fiebend ntadjt fid) bod) ber frangoftfdje ©influg geltenb: fte ge* brauebt bicl tneljr grentbmbrter unb ibre ©pradje ift nidjt mebr fo glatt. 3n firdjlidjer 23egiebung mar fte febr tolerant. Sbre 33ermanbten maren teild reformiert, teild Iutberifd), teild fatbolifd), unb bedbalb lernte fte bon ûgenb auf/ alio ônfefftonen bod) gu Ijalten. SDad mad)te ibren llebertritt aud) nic^t befonberd fdjmierig. ©ie febrieb einmal: „©eib ibr benn fo einfdltig, bafe ibr meint, bag bie Ratbolifcben feinen redjten ©runb bed ©briftentumd baben? ©laubt mir, ber ©briften ©runb ift bei alien diriftlidjen ffteligionen berfelbe. 2Bad ben Unterfcbicb anlangt^ ift nur ^faffengeganf, fo bie ebrlidjen fieute nie angebt; aber mad und angebt, ift mobl unb cbriftlidj 3U leben, barmbergig fein unb und ber Sugenb bes fleigigen. 2)arauf follen ftd) bie ^jerrtt 5)3rebiger befleigigen, biefe ben ©briften eins 3upragen unb nidjt nadjgugriibeln auf alien ^Suntten, mie fte tierftanben merben: aber bad miirbe ber £errn Sutoritat minbern. S)arum legen fie ftd) auf biefed unb nidjt aufg S3ornebmfte unb 5Rotmenbigfte."

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Uebet ti)t 23i6ettefen fcfjtieb fie: „3$ brei red^t fcfjone SSibeln. SDBte id) in gtanhetdj tarn, mat e§ jcbetmann berboten, auger mir, bie S3x6et 311 lefen, Ijetnad) uber ein paat 3al)te toutbe eg jebermann erlaubt. 2)ie ftonftitution, fo grog fiatmen mad)t, gat eg mieber berbieten toollen, bag ift aber nicgt angegangen. 3(g Iacgte, fagte: 3$ merbe ber tfonftitution folgen unb fann mogl berfpre<f)en, bie SSibel nidjt auf grangbftftg gu lefen, benn icg lefe fie atlegeit in SDeutfdg." eiifabetg ©garlotte ift eine ber toenigen grauen, bie bag beutfcge SSoll nid)t betgeffen gat. 2Il§ Sifelotte Iebt fte noig immer fort. (5in ^eitgenojfe fagt igren (Sgaratter fo gufammen: „($tne giirftin gang aug alter 3eit, angangliig an SEugenb, (Sgre, Utang unb ©roge, in ©acgen beg 5lnftanbeg unerbittlicg, eine trefflicge, guber-taffige unb treue gteunbin, magr, gerabe, berb, in alien igren ©itten fegr beutfdg unb bieber." (Slmer ©auer ’ll.

THE FIGHT FOR SOUND MONEY.

A general review of the monetary history of the entire period of our national existence shows that each generation had to learn for itself and at its own expense the evils of unsound money. The costly expe riences of the preceding generation were generally forgotten, and legis lators, following rather than leading the people, failed to correct the evils except after long and disastrous delays. So intolerable were the conditions at times that only the unlimited recuperative powers of our rapidly developing country prevented the overthrow of that standard of honor and value which is recognized by the world as highest and best. The problem of furnishing a sound and stable medium for a country of such large area and diverse interests presents unusual difficulties, especially when, as is the case in our country, political ambition and party advantage exercise such a controlling influence. They make it well-nigh impossible to establish a coinage and currency system which will assure stability to metallic money and give security and flexibility to paper currency, so that the prices may not be subject to ruthless disturbances and interest rates be reasonably uniform and equitable throughout the land. A careful study of Hamilton’s writings leads one to think that to-day he would favor a standard resting upon gold alone. Statistics show that immediately after the adoption of Hamilton’s coinage law the pro duction of silver increased largely, disturbing the commercial ratio between gold and silver. According to Hamilton’s theory this should have been followed by a change in the coinage ratio as early as 1810. In 1834, when such action was taken the intelligent opinion of the day was ignored and an extreme ratio adopted, which reversed rather than corrected the disparity by undervaluing silver. Within a decade the great increase in gold production had enhanced the relative value of silver, and all coins, fractional silver as well, were exported. To correct

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this and retain small coins for current use, the law of 1853 was passed, reducing the amount of fine silver in fractional coins. The relatively scant product of the white metal for the following twenty years served to demonstrate the wisdom of the law of 1853. Unfortunately, the legislators of that day left the silver unit undisturbed, and when silver was again produced in larger quantities (after 1874) the existence of the law of 1873, wholly demonetizing silver, gave the advocates of free coinage of silver an advantage which otherwise would not have existed. It is only necessary to recapitulate the silver legislation since the beginning of the agitation for remonetization in 1876 in order to under足 stand the enormous acquisition of silver by the United States and the possible menace which its possession involves. The silver purchased under the laws of 1878 and 1890 amounted to 459,946,701 fine ounces. The silver dollars coined amount to $550,000,000 and the bullion still uncoined will produce about $35,000,000 more. The actual use of silver dollars in circulation will probably never exceed 90,000,000. The remainder will be represented by silver certificates or remain absolutely idle in the treasury so far as currency purposes are concerned. The entire volume of silver and representative certificates may be utilized for the great and growing retail trade of the country so long as business conditions are prosperous, the labor of the country is employed, and the consuming power continues unabated; but the contrary will follow when reaction takes place and business again becomes stagnant. The only available means in that event of avoiding danger from this ele足 ment in our money supply is the continuation of our large treasury surplus, into which the redundant silver may be absorbed. The United States was the last stronghold of silver. The goldstandard law of 1900, directly in issue in the presidential contest of that year, settled the question in the United States. But our government nursed bimetallism, and sent commissioners abroad to try and interest .Europe in the subject, but all to no effect. All the commercial nations adhered to the gold standard. The consensus of opinion of the civilized world, which in commerce makes and regulates exchange, adopted the gold standard. This fact, born in upon the public mind in the United States, found its record in the second defeat of Bryanism, and this fact, more potent than statute law, will preserve the gold standard. Passing now to the paper representatives of money, we have first to consider the gold and silver certificates, which constitute a form of currency not made use of in other countries. While at first gold cer足 tificates were permitted to be issued in excess of the gold deposited (law of 1863), the more recent laws governing their issue, as also in the case of silver certificates, require that the full amount of coin shall be held against them. Both forms of certificates are, therefore, merely warehouse receipts, and, although receivable for all public dues and available for bank reserves, they are not legal tenders. Gold certifi足 cates, as compared with coin, save in transportation as well as in abra-

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sion, and cater to a public preference for paper money. The silver certificates serve a similarly useful purpose in floating the silver dollars. It is not improbable that the framers of the constitution intended, without specifically embodying a prohibition to that effect in the con stitution, to prevent the issue of government legal tender paper and a tacit understanding that no such power existed guided legislators for seventy-three years. In the evolution of government the conception of federal power under the constitution was broadened. The perils and necessities of the government during the civil war broke the barriers of the strict constructionists, and the powers which a sovereign gov ernment needed to exercise were held to be warranted by the consti tution. Relying upon opinions expressed in debate, Congress passed the legal tender act of 1862. And it was finally confirmed as constitu tional by the Supreme Court in 1884. The right to issue bank-notes was made use of by few banks existing prior to the adoption of the constitution as a common law right. The banks in the several states continued to exercise this right under the state charters even after the adoption of the constitution, whether specifically authorized or not. It was generally admitted that such rights existed that the states, although prohibited from issuing bills of credit to be used as money, could charter corporations with such powers. This they did, and vested themselves with powers which they did not possess. Just before this Hamilton devised the charter of the first bank of the United States and assumed for the federal government a similar power, that of creating a corporation to emit paper to circulate as money, which it was generally held at that time the government itself could not do under the constitution. In a decision on the charter of the second bank of the United States, Marshall confirmed the federal power to create such a bank, and laid down principles in construing the con stitution which became the foundation for the broader assumption of power in the legal tender acts of the civil war. The prejudice or preference of the American people for paper money precludes the use of coin except to a very limited extent. Bank-notes and the gold and silver certificates perform all the essential functions of money, except that they do not possess the debt-paying power, that is they are not legal tenders. Our widely extended country, with many commercial and business centers, requires considerable volume of legaltender money. The custom which avoids the use of coin makes a continual use of legal-tender notes necessary. These notes (the green backs) are better than gold certificates, for while they are redeemable in gold at the treasury, the notes may also be tendered to and forced upon a creditor in satisfaction of his debt. At the beginning of our national existence Hamilton conceived a central bank as the instrumentality through which the fiscal affairs of the government should be conducted. This bank was a success as long as the charter lasted, and public and private credit was raised to a very high standard. The deplorable condition of both currency and

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credit following the refusal to renew the bank’s charter, coupled with the exigencies of the war of 1812, resulted in chartering the second United States bank in 1816. The second bank was discredited by cor ruption in its early years, and weakly and most unwisely becoming embroiled in politics in its latter years, suffered party defeat and ceased to exist as a national institution with the expiration of its charter. Its early mistakes were corrected, and for many years its career was most honorable and useful. During this period, the central-bank system so regulated the currency that its purchasing and debt-paying power was practically stable and uniform, with prompt redemption as well as flexibility of volume. It provided safe depositories for public money and transferred the same at little or no cost, developed the use of bank credits, and by means of its branches and general powers tended to equalize interest and discount rates. When the system was destroyed, all the evils, which had been corrected, reappeared and continued until the civil war. The national banking system was planned to make a market for government bonds and, secured by such bonds, to furnish a currency which should supplant United States notes, and also create a demand and use for United States notes in reserves which the banks were re quired to hold. Such currency was perfectly safe, but not at all re sponsive to the varying needs of trade. No currency based upon bond security can be elastic. A bank is required to invest as much or more money in the purchase of bonds to secure circulation than the amount of circulation it is permitted to issue. Its ability to accommodate its patrons is thereby limited rather than increased. As the government’s credit improved after the war and the premium upon bonds increased, it became more profitable to sell bonds and retire circulation, and the banks increased their loanable funds by so doing. An opposition to the national banking system existed not unlike that developed against the two United States banks. The system had to struggle for existence. Considering this, the growth of the system as banks of discount and deposit is simply marvelous. It is the best and safest system of local banks which the country has ever possessed, made secure by means of federal supervision. It has elevated the general credit, reduced the cost of domestic exchange, furnished circu lation at par throughout the country, and proved a competent and efficient auxiliary to trade. The labor of the past becomes the experience of the present and the habit of the future. Problems having once been solved and labor once satisfactorily done, we meet the same questions and the same labor as they recur and solve them in the same way intuitively and without conscious mental effort. Guided by knowledge born of experience, the greater part of our day’s work is mechanical. Were we compelled to fix our mental attention upon each act we perform, we should experi ence mental exhaustion before the day was half over. Force of habit is a conservator of strength and a great blessing, even though it makes ,

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us follow the beaten paths rather than make the effort necessary to reach a broader and a better way. Nations have their habits as well as individuals, and time and custom have fixed existing law with ref erence to finance with a good degree of firmness. Nevertheless, \ve may hope that Congress has profited by its mistakes in former years. F. S«, 11.

THE FUR TRADE IN WISCONSIN.

Gleaned from “Wisconsin Historical Collections,” Vol. XIX. A most interesting sidelight is thrown on the early history of Wis consin by the letters and journals of persons connected with the fur trade. The government agents were to keep track not only of their sales, but also of the disposition of the Indians and of the British sub jects in their territories. To regulate the trade with the Indians the office of United States Superintendent of Indian Trade had been instituted. At his discretion factories or trading agencies were established throughout the North west. The factories were established at portages, along the rivers or wherever else they were closest to the greatest number of Indians, while maintaining the closest connection with the East. Care was exercised, however, to have the factories at or at least near military posts, thus securing at once protection and cheap labor. For the commanding officer at a post where a factory was to be established was generally ordered to place the requisite number of soldiers at the disposal of the factor for the purpose of erecting the necessary buildings and at times to aid in the beating and packing of peltries. The soldiers detached on this fatigue duty received the nominal fee of ten cents and a gill of whiskey a day. Thus it was that Prairie du Chien, now a city of scarcely 3,000 inhabitants, whose chief industry is pearl-fishing and its only factories a woolen mill and numerous small button factories, was considered the most important factory in the state, with a capital of $40,000. Our metropolis, on the other hand, did not have a factory until much later. Every factory was under the control of a United States factor or agent, appointed by the superintendent. The responsibilities were ffreat, for on the conduct of the agents depended to a great extent the disposition of the Indians towards our government. Factors therefore had to be reliable men, and as the Indian office was closely connected with the war department, soldiers who had been honorably discharged at the reduction of the army in 1815 were often appointed to these positions. The agents usually received a salary of $1,000 and from $350 to $375 for their expenses. In return for this remuneration they were to barter with the Indians for furs, provide for the needy out of govern-

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ment supplies, ascertain the disposition of the tribes to our government, and keep an eye on the British traders and citizens residing in United States territory. The factor selected the goods for his use, the amount varying ac cording to the importance which the superintendent attached to the place. Green Bay for the year 1816 received an outfit for $15,000, Prairie du Chien for the same year one of $40,000. With these goods the agent dealt according to his own judgment, trying to accrue the greatest gain possible for the government, but at the same time giving the Indians their just deserts. In rare cases the agents could replenish the exhausted stock of a private trader. The duties of the United States agents were often strenuous, but they could not at all be compared with the hardships endured by pri vate merchants or traders in the employ of the large fur companies. Whereas the Indians brought their products to the United States fac tories, the traders had to hunt up the Indian in his own abode, often treading through almost impenetrable wildernesses, exposing himself to the insults and attacks of hostile Indians, yes, to famine and starvation. Malhiot in his journal narrates that he and his party on their way to his factory subsisted for days on nothing but rice; game was not seen and their net did not bring a fish to light for days together. So reduced were they that Malhiot was glad to fry and eat a fish, half of which an eagle had eaten and the other half of which was rotten. In 1815 the fur trade received a blow by a law forbidding the sale of whiskey to the natives. Up to that date whiskey was one of the chief trading articles, for Indians would barter away many valuable furs for quantities of the cheapest liquor, especially when they were under the effects of this stimulant. But cheap as this article was, it had cost many traders dearly. In many cases traders had been killed by intoxicated Indians when they could not appease their clamoring with more whiskey. Still there was much opposition to this law, because liquor had once been allowed among the Indians and would be difficult now to keep away from them. Much trouble was caused by the conduct of British subjects engaged in the fur trade. By Governor Ninian Edwards of Michigan Territory these traders were stigmatized as “spies, ever ready to defeat the efforts of the government to maintain peace/’ Many of them had farms and mills. With their products they aided the Indians, gained their grati tude, and won for the British ever-ready allies, as can be seen from the great number of Wisconsin Indians engaged under Proctor in the battle of Fort Meigs. It was also proved that many persons parading as traders, with a small trading outfit, held commissions in the British army or commanded the Indian contingents of the British army. To put a stop to this, a proposition was made in Congress to exclude all British subjects from trading with the Indians in the United States. A treaty of commerce to the same effect was made with England in 1816, and on April 29 of the same year, Congress passed an act sub-

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jecting the rights of foreign traders to the absolute control of the President. To execute this control the President vested in the Gov ernor of Michigan Territory and in several factors in the Northwest the power of granting licenses to foreign traders of good intentions. The granting of licenses gave rise to new abuses. Some of the agents sold these licenses, contrary to the spirit of the law, which merely wanted to ascertain that only reliable foreigners were permitted to deal with the Indians and was not to open a new source of revenue for the government, the burden of which must ultimately fall on the poor Indian. Moreover, these licenses were often sold to disreputable and bad persons, who could never have obtained a license had it not been for the fee which they gave the agent. One judge finally decided that the law was not valid, that no foreigner could be forced to get a special license if he had a merchant’s license, which citizens as well as foreigners had to have to do business. It was not only the private trader, but the British government, or at least officials of that government, who tried their best to alienate the affections of the Indians from “their great white father in Wash ington.” The United States factor at Michilimackinac at one time re ported that 1,800 Winnebagos had been at his agency, every man and boy among them armed with weapons provided by the British officer at Drummond Island, a British post which at a later survey was found to be situated in United States territory. The Indians were encour aged to come to this place. By the liberality of the officers they were induced to make treaties only to trade with the British. They were at the same time instilled with the idea that the Americans, once they had a firm foothold, would rob them of their lands as they had their brethren in the East; at the same time they were encouraged to believe that the British were their only true friends. In 1822 the factories were abolished, the whole system changed, and all Indian affairs transferred to the Bureau for Indian Affairs erected in the war department.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by (he Siadenfs ef (he Norfbwesiera Uaiversily.

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ARTHUR WERNER, M l BUSINESS MANAGERS FRED SCHWEPPE, MI PAUL FROEHLKE, M2

BUSINESS MANAGER ASS'T. BUSINESS MANAGER

. DEPARTMENT EDITORS

DR. A. HOERMANN WINFRIED SCHALLER, Ml ELMER SAUER, M1 WALTER SCHUMANN, M2 EDMUND REIM, MI WALTER HILLMER, M3 FRANK REIER, M2

ALUMNI EDITOR EXCHANGE EDITOR ATHLETIC EDITOR DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCAL EDITOR CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contrlbationa to the Literary Department aro requested from alumni and nndergradnato*. All Horary matter should be addreenod to the Editor-In-Chief and all bnalnasa communications to the Business Manager. The terms of subscription! ore 75 cents per annum, payable in advance. Sing.e copies, 10 cents, Stamps not accepted in payment. Notify ua if you wish your address changed or your paper di scontinnvd. The Black and Red la forwarded to all subscribers until order for its discontinuation Is received and until all arrearages arc paid. Entered at the Postofllco of Watertown, Wls., oa second-class matter.

EPHT ©MEAL It is with mixed feelings of pleasure and regret that we resign the office of editor entrusted to us a year ago. Pleasure, that a duty that often proved arduous and resulted in a good deal more of knocking than of approval, no longer claims us. Regret, that we can no longer com municate with the friends we hope to have won by our efforts. Though at times we did not meet with a ready response, we still wish to thank all our friends for the valuable aid* they rendered us; aid material, financial and literary, as well as advisory. We hope that our efforts, as set forth in Vol. XIV. of the Black and Red, will meet with approval and that our shortcomings may not be criticised too severely. Our successors we wish all possible success. May they attain as near as possible to the ideal which they have undoubtedly set for them selves. Our sincere congratulations and Vivat the Black and Red. The new editors were appointed by the faculty on March 1. The election, which took place on March 4, resulted as follows: Editor-in-Chief....................................................................... ...F. Reier, T2 Business Manager................................................................P. Froehlke, ’12 Assistant Business Manager.............................................. W. Hillmer, T3

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THE BLACK AND RED. W. Schumann, T2 ..A. Pamperin, ’12 . L. Koeninger, T3 ............J. Bade, ’12 . M. Cowalsky, ’14 ...W. Lueckel, ’13

Exchange Editor....................... Athletic Editor........................... De Rebus Omnibus Editor---College Notes Editor............... Local Editor....................... Campus and Classroom Editor

NOTICE! The editors of The Black and Red kindly ask all those subscribers who have not as yet paid their subscription to the paper to do so before March 20. A due slip in your paper will inform you when your sub scription has expired. Please acknowledge the same. The names of all those subscribers more than a year in arrears will be cancelled from our list of subscribers if they do not pay up before that time.

WORKING WITHOUT WAGES.

A great part of the real work during our life is done without wages. It is mostly the service rendered some society, club, body or association, and more so when one holds an office in one or the other of those or ganizations. It is very evident that there are instances when unpaid work is necessary, and if it were not for this work the various associa tions could not exist. This is especially the case at a college. Here we find many instances where service and sacrifice of valuable time arc required of the heads of organizations; the wages, however, are not considered. You will per haps say it is expected of an office-holder that he should sacrifice time in filling his position. Certainly the officer acknowledges the fact that self-sacrifice is expected of him, but he also wishes you to bear just this fact in mind. He does not wish to hear you “knocking” and find ing fault about everything he does, when he is performing his duty to the best of his ability. He expects you to show your appreciation. But work where wages, even praise, are expected, is not the true work without wages. The true worker must go straight on whether his work is appreciated and praised or whether it is left unappreciated and unpraised. The selfish worker alone will show lack of enthusiasm when his services seem to be overlooked. This, however, will not influence the true worker because he is working with the honest intention of getting a good thing done.

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CONCERNING THE MERCHANT AND THE STUDENT.

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Again a year has elapsed for the Black and Red, and next month the management of our college paper shall have passed into the hands of the new staff. A reasonable amount of money will be at their dis posal to start out with. This surplus goes to show that the Black and Red has been working on a sound, efficient business basis. For this condition of things we are in no small degree indebted to the merchants of Watertown. The departing staff wishes to express its sincere thanks for the kind and liberal generosity evinced by them in furnishing us with a full supply of advertisements. Their magnanimity is a manifestation of the existent cordial relation between the city of Watertown, in general, and the students of Northwestern College. That miserable and un pleasant occurrence which so tended to produce an estrangement last spring has happily passed into oblivion. The citizens of Watertown were too liberal-minded to ascribe the fault of the deplorable event to the student-body, but were cognizant of the fact that a misunder standing, which at times is of a fortuitous nature, had arisen between parties outside of student circles. And now a word to the student who has the welfare of his alma mater at heart. Boost Watertown! You can do so in diverse ways. Let us mention a few. But in so doing it will be necessary to point out faults in vogue among some of us. The first thing you can do to advance interest in this city is to patronize your advertisers. They are doing us a good turn, and why not appreciate it? The majority does, but there are still a few who persist in having a voluminous catalogue of some large department store in New York or Chicago at hand to consult when occasion arises. Burn the “blame thing” and then vow to trade with the merchants of this city. They certainly are deserving of your patronage. Who is it that promotes the interests of Watertown and thus also contributes to the growth and prosperity of our insti tution? Who has raised funds for us on various occasions? Who is it that defrays a large part of the expenses incurred in the football and baseball seasons? Is it not the merchant of Watertown? It is, there fore, the highest time that the enlightened opinion of the student-body protest against the practice of having agents, who have only outside interests in view, offer us their goods on college premises The argu ment often advanced is that their goods are not so expensive. At a first thought this argumentation may seem to conform to the true state of affairs. But let us call your attention to a plain fact. With the departure of the substitutes their interest for the school comes to an abrupt end, and is again assumed when they return to make money. On the other hand, let us suppose that we buy our goods in Watertown. Perhaps we pay more, but summing up all donations given to us by merchants in a year, subtract it from the amount paid for the

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goods, and then take the average. You will note that the scale turns quite the other way. Agent or merchant, these are the two alternatives. On which one will your choice fall? As we understand, the baseball goods are to be purchased in this city for the coming season. This is a long step toward the betterment of existing conditions. May it beÂ come permanent! Yes, everybodyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;merchant, citizen or studentâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;boost Watertown. Let your interests be along progressive lines. Wherever you go, talk Watertown. Every unbiased person must say that this picturesque German city offers educational and commercial facilities not surpassed by any city of its size in the state of Wisconsin. Therefore, put your shoulder to the good cause and help push it along. Do it for the fair name of Watertown, for her schools, and for your college. ;

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TOLLED TOTES LYCEUM.

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The Lyceum Literary Society met twice during the month of February. The first time, February 4, the following programme was rendered: ...John Strauss 1. Piano Duet—Venetianer Galopp Ludwig Uhland 2. Declamation—Die Kaiserwahl.. Gustav Fischer. 3. Dialogue—Das Wanderbuch Frederic Marohn and Albert Zibell. Nicolaus Lenau 4. Declamation—Die Wcrbung William Wietzke. George Lippard 5. Recitation—The Black Horse and Its Rider Hugo Pankow. 6. Recitation—Lecture on Patent Medicines... William Parsch. Eugene Geary 7. Declamation—Nathan Hale Max Cowalsky. 8. Declamation—Der Wunderdoktor.......... William Beitz. 9. Dialogue—Angefuehrt............................................................................. J. Krubsack, F. Rcier, J. Bade, A. Koelpin, H. Lietzau. Mr. Beitz distinguished himself in his number, winning considerable applause. Walter Kcibel was master of ceremonies and Arthur Berg critic. The other programme was on February 18: H. W. Petrie 1. Song—Spinning Song.................................... Sophomore Quartette. 2. Declamation—Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight. .Mrs. Rose H. Thorp J. Ruege. 3. Recitation—Diffidence Rupert Bartz. V. Stuart Mosby 4. Declamation—After the Battle R. Fenske. ............. E. Pazer 5. Song—Rekrutenheimweh H. Plass. Elijah Kellogg 6. Recitation—The Return of Regulus___ W. Hartwig. 7. Declamation—The Irish Sleighride........ P. Kleinhammer. 8. Declamation—Just Keep on Keeping on Paul Eggert. Edgar A. Poe 9. Declamation—The Raven W. Hillmer.

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10. Dialogue—Der Doppelgaenger ................................................................. R. Fenske, H. Huth, H. Pankow, W. Parsch, H. Rosin. The song by H. Plass was well rendered and received with favor. Several of the other numbers were well spoken. Master of ceremonies, W. Beitz; critic, P. Froehlke.

PHILOMATHEAN. February 11.

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For the above date Master of Ceremonies E. Finck had arranged the following programme: 1. Piano Selection ........................................................................................... Hans Schley. 2. Original Oration L. Mahnke, President of the Society. Anonymous 3. Declamation—Laugh Walter Wente. Fritz Reuter 4. De gollene Hiring---Martin Haase. Translated by E. Arnold 5. After Death in Arabia Arthur Tacke. 6. Recitation—Discoveries of Galileo........... ..............Edward Everett George Schroeder. Reinhold Fuchs 7. Declamation—Heimatlos Emanuel Schroeder. 8. Piano Selection—Sleep Well G. E. Wilson Aug. Pamperin. The two piano solos added considerably to the attractiveness of the programme, as they both showed ability on the part of the per formers. P. Eggert was the critic. After this meeting the semi-annual election took place, in which all the officers were re-elected. February 25. 1. A Song Carl Kluender. 2. A Poem—Der Koenig in Thule W. Wente. 3. Recitation—On a Girdle E. Schroeder. 4. Poem—Das Meer der Hoffnung H. Klingbiel. 5. Declamation—The Raven W. Pankow.

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6. Poem—Der letzte Tanz.............................................................................. 7. Dialogue—The Hiring of a Confidential Clerk...................................... O. Kehrberg, A. Gerhard, W. Spiering, J. Masch, A. Tacke, L. Beto. The above programme was arranged by Mr. F. Manteufel, who ap pointed Mr. A. Pamperin critic. The Northwestern Quartette, which appeared in conjunction with Mr. Kluender’s song, was warmly wel comed by the audience. This, together with the dialogue and Mr. Pankow’s rendering of Poe’s “Raven,” constituted the better part of the programme.

ANNIVERSARIES.

The birthdays of Lincoln and Washington were again fittingly ob served. The band paid tribute to Lincoln by playing several of their favorite marches and national anthems. On the 22d the band did the work of the 6 o’clock bell and roused the sleeping students by playing in the halls. After breakfast they again played on the roof. In addi tion to this two squads of the company fired a salute of three volleys in honor of the Father of our Country. On both days flags were flown from different windows in the dormitory.

DR. NOTZ, SR., IS ILL. On February 23 President Ernst announced in chapel that Dr. Notz’s classes would be excused for the day, the doctor being ill. Since then it has developed that his illness, although not serious, is yet of such a nature that it will keep him from his work possibly for the rest of the year. His work has been distributed among the remaining professors. :

GYMNASIUM. Great progress is to be recorded in the work that the Northwestern Club is doing to furnish its alma mater with a modern gymnasium. The committee appointed by this club has called upon an architect to draw up the plans and specifications. The building is to measure 115x70 feet. The main floor will have a stage at one end, which will open into an auditorium of considerable size. There will be an elevated runningtrack around the main floor. The basement will contain lockers and shower-baths. The building will furthermore contain a room for the

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band and orchestra, and another room to serve as an armory for the company. The entire building is to be lined with white brick, thus insuring perfect cleanliness everywhere. The final cost of the building is to be between $22,000 and $25,000. Of this amount about $16,000 have been pledged. Present intentions are to begin work on May 30, Northwestern Day. The location for the gymnasium which is being most favorably considered now is northwest of the new dormitory, di rectly on the lower tennis courts.

MARCH, NORTHWESTERN. [

It will probably be of interest to our readers to hear that music is still flourishing at our institution. Mr. “Hans” Schley recently came forth with his maiden effort at musical composition. It is a march called, in honor of the composer’s alma mater, “Northwestern.” Mr. Schley wrote for the piano, and is now having the piece arranged for band by Franz Mayr, one of Milwaukee’s foremost musicians. lie has a copyright for the piece pending and intends to publish it in the near future.

A SKATING TRIP.

The ground was covered with snow and there had been no skating since the holidays. The boys anxiously looked forward to a time when the river would be covered with good ice. When at length, in February, the opportunity for a good skate had presented itself, four boys, Just, Bill, Leo and Hemo, dressed in heavy sweaters and leggings, were seen leaving the premises with their skates on their backs. A trip down the river had been suggested and as quickly decided upon. A low pressure had swooped down upon us and threatened rain any minute, but this did not cause them to break their unbending reso lution. At 2 o’clock they turned from the eastern sidewalk at the city limits, from where a short walk took them to the river’s edge. Here they noticed, much to their dismay, that there flowed a current of water between them and what looked like ice in the middle of the river, which gradually became narrower in the distance. , i n*.e .on lce> n°thing more delayed them. The sound of the steel skates was music to their ears. Numerous rocks and bowlders • e ,s eeP.£Fade of that place protruded through the surface of the J ^minded them that they were on the Rock river and not on g s ippery sidewalk, which impression they had as they glided

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smoothly along. True enough, there was ice on either side of them now to the river’s bank, but there was water there also. This ice would be just the kind for skating after a frost, and sufficient observations were made to convince them that Jack Frost’s visits here were numerous and unexpected. For had they not found several of Farmer Brown’s chickens frozen into the ice, and seen a striped skunk frozen bodily below the surface of the ice as if placed into a glass counter? How they enjoyed the sport, even zigzagging from side to side with long, swift strides, balancing their bodies as perfectly as possible. Soon, however, a more direct course was deemed expedient, as the vil lage of N., the next stop, lay still at some distance. Then for a long time the monotonous sound of the skates was interrupted only by the ax of an occasional wood-cutter felling the sturdy oak or tamarack on the shore or cutting them into cordwood. Several times a goodly dis tance was gained by cutting off an oxbow loop, and a walk of but one block on the skates was substituted for a mile on the river. Upon rounding one of the many curves the river made as it wound its course through field, meadow or woodland, a spectacle looking for all the world like a cemetery met their eager glances. White tomb stones, like specters, were profusely erected on a space of about half an acre. On nearer approach, however, these proved to be but blocks of ice standing as sentinels to mark the different places where ice had previously been cut. Sound judgment and knowledge of the river only avoided a tragedy. One by one they carefully singled out their passage. They followed their intuition and passed in safety. On, on they followed the river, enjoying the fresh air, and noting the slight changes in the scenery, only occasionally finding it necessary to converse, even when they stopped to view the several seines placed in the water, which they viewed with the sharp and critical eye of a game warden. This, however, did not prevent them from stopping to question a teamster as to the distance to the next town. He informed them that it lay three miles to the south. These were glad tidings, but within a few minutes the town began to seem as safe from their reach as the apples that hung directly above him as he stood in the river were from the reach of Tantalus, for just when they thought to be near the object of their search a wood-cutter knew the distance to be four miles. But, nevertheless, the towers and church steeples of the city soon loomed up before them, and it was not long ere they were safe on Main street bridge. As luck would have it, who should come to greet them but an old acquaintance, whom duty had brought to. that part of town. During the delightful walk to his residence fa miliar topics were touched upon, not omitting the reports recently re ceived at school. The house was reached in a short time. It was an ideal home. The rooms, especially the study, were artistically dec orated. Among the penants or pictures were many N. W. C. relics, but one must necessarily have been Argus-eyed to have seen all. A

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supper of exceedingly rare merit was served, to which all did ample justice. They sorely regretted to leave so abruptly, and it was with reluctance that they retraced their steps to the ice. By this time darkness had set in, and prospects for a safe return seemed gloomy and the way fraught with difficulties, but, prepared to meet adverse circumstances, they soon left the lights of the city behind them, and sallying forth into the night, they disappeared from view. They knew that, with the exception of but very few air holes, the only dangers likely to be met with would evidently be encountered at a sudden bend in the river, for then they might get off the ice with good chances of taking the temperature of the water. Soon Just, the able Milwaukee skater, who had the lead, had a chance to prevent colliding with a bank, but got wet himself. More careful and timid, a new start was made, but soon a rapid pace was again set. As a result of this indiscretion, Bill and Leo, unaware of the turn, drifted into soft ice, stumbled and lost their skates. When all was quiet they could hear the rushing current just ahead of them, which startled them, and caused them to retreat. At first they groped blindly for the skates, but then sounder judgment told them it was of no avail, whereupon Bill and Leo volunteered to fetch a lantern. They made their way over wire fences and fallen trees to the nearest farmer, and when their only guide, the light from the kitchen window, was hidden from their view, they climbed something answering to the farmer’s description of a good fence of “horse-high, bull-strong, pigclose,” after which their passage was unceremoniously blocked by a large grunter. A lantern was procured from the farmer, whom they recognized as the man who had given them information in the after noon, and the skates were easily found. At this place the skating ended, and instead the muscles of their limbs put to a more strenuous test, that of walking to the next station. The road was found after one or the other had been abruptly brought to a halt by a clothes line, and the daughter had improved upon the directions given by her father. All dangers of getting wet farther than the ankles were eliminated, but fatigue now took the place of the strain on the nerves, as they plodded along the muddy road. They thought not of the dangers incident to walking at such an hour, when the sound of a rapidly approaching vehicle was heard in their rear, and a reckless driver who had brought his horse to acquire breakneck speed was at once upon them. They dispersed like so many frightened hares. The good horse also turned out of the road, and—thud! a collision with Hemo, who was making for the field a trifle to the right and to the rear of Bill and Leo, who were running in the same direction. So far, so good, the horse’s side was soft, but quick as a twinkle Hemo lay prostrate in the mud with two wheel tracks across his body. Two fence-posts were snapped in rapid succession, sparks flew high from the grating steel as the wheels madly struck a fence. The driver, who had been thrown from his rig, stood beside the

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frightened animal, which was entangled in and held fast by the strong wire, now demanded an explanation and expected pay for damages. Plorse and buggy were soon extricated, and the almost incredible fact revealed that with the exception of a few scratches on the horse’s legs, no damage was done. The man was able to continue his drive to town, the boys arriving there shortly after. Here they boarded the train and were soon back to Watertown. In order that nothing more befall them, they quietly walked from the station and entered their rooms, but nothing portended disaster, the inspector having retired. W. H.

atouitiics

The recent warm weather has turned our thoughts to baseball and the prospects of our team again. We have lost some good men, and of these Capt. Zicsemcr, who batted .394, will be missed most of all. Nevertheless, Capt. Berg expects to turn out the best team Northwest ern has seen for some years, as there is a large amount of material this season. It is the captain’s opinion, and this view is shared by a large number of the boys, that the help of our new athletic coach, Prof. Sprengling, will count for much in turning out a winning team. Prof. Sprengling has also been appointed manager of next year’s football team. Many positions are open on the team. Probably the most difficult position to fill will be third base. Capt. Berg in the pitcher’s box will also need some help to relieve him, as several successive games will be played. Among the boys who expect to try out as pitcher are Masch, Ruege, Kluender, and Quehl. All told, about twenty candidates have asked Capt. Berg for a try-out. It will interest friends of the boys and of their sports to note that the $100 donated by the Northwestern Club of Milwaukee as a nucleusfor an athletic fund, has been deposited at the Bank of Watertown. Let it be set as an example to be emulated. Manager Masch has arranged the following schedule: May 6—Northwestern vs. St. John’s Military Academy, at Delafield. May 11—Northwestern vs. St. John’s Military Academy at Watertown. May 13—Northwestern vs. Whitewater Normals at Watertown. May 17—Northwestern vs. Ripon at Ripon. May 20—Northwestern vs. Carroll at Watertown. May 26—Northwestern vs. Ripon at Watertown. May 30—Northwestern vs. Seminary at Watertown. June 3—Northwestern vs. Carroll at Waukesha. June 13—Northwestern vs. Milton at Milton. Games are still pending with Beloit College and Lake Forest College.

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The reciprocity agreement between the United States and Canada is a subject that is much discussed at the present time. Many people favor it, others do not. In England Mr. Balfour has condemned it as “an imperial disaster.” Others believe that the adoption of the agree ment would lead up to the annexation of the Dominion of Canada to the United States. This is absurd. The advantages of the agreement would be economic. The prices of many of the articles consumed by our people would be regulated, and in time of scarcity kept down. Our trade would also be increased very much. The concessions embodied in the agreement are very important; 76.4 per cent of our articles that are now subjected to duty would be free. Both the United States and Canada agree to put the natural products of the countries, such as wheat, vegetables, fruits, cattle, horses, sheep, and timber, upon the free list. This naturally would be advantageous, both to the farmers and to the people living in the cities.

THE PLAGUE IN THE FAR EAST. The bubonic plague, a virulent and very old disease, which causes inflammation of the lymphatic glands, especially in the groin, has again made its appearance in China. This terrible epidemic, which appeared in China in 1894, carried off nearly seven million victims in the fol lowing ten years. Since 1906, when the Indian Plague Research Com mission reported that the disease was propagated by fleas and rats, the epidemic has been kept under control, but it never has been perma nently stamped out. The physicians in the east, especially in China, encounter great difficulties in combating the disease, because the ignorant Chinese do little towards suppressing it. They are very re luctant to bury or burn the bodies of their dead. This explains why the endemical disease travels with such great rapidity. The missionaries are working among the people, trying their best to check the progress of the plague. They, however, cannot do very much in a country with s?c.k.a ^ense population as China. It is therefore the duty of the whole civilized world to join in the fight against the disease. In this manner only the black death can be permanently stamped out.

THE OPENING OF PARLIAMENT. British Parliament of the reign of King George the Fifth u“y °Pened with elaborate ceremony on February 6th. In is speech from the throne in the House of Lords, the King mentioned

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only two proposals for legislature. The first, “proposals for settling the relations between the two houses of Parliament, with the object of se curing an effective working constitution,” is very important. The sec ond, “insurance for workingmen against illness and unemployment,” is of no less importance. A subject that will take up much time in the House is the veto measure. This veto bill will deprive the Lojds of much of their power, if it ever becomes a law. For this reason the Lords are dissatisfied with it. It is quite certain, however, that the veto bill will become a law before the coronation, which takes place in June, because Mr. Asquith has the necessary support of the parties at his back. It will be very interesting to watch how some of the questions in English politics will turn out in the next few months.

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ALUTMM AN AMERICAN COLLEGE SONG FOR A GERMAN-AMERICAN COLLEGE. It seems to be the fashion in certain—I had almost said male sewing circles—to decry the American college song, If the sound of this wailing be traced to its origin, it will be found to issue most loudly from the lair of the pedant. Let it be granted at the outset that many of the present day American college songs are far from being artistic, that many are of the most ephemeral type, that a goodly number are wholly worthless. What would you? Is not the sweetest nut born and preserved in the thickest shell? Is it not so with the much-vaunted German student song? In the centuries through which this ripened, was not many a song produced which has since suffered well-merited extinction, like “Eyn schoener Bergkreye vom grewlichen Laster des Volsauffens,”—requiescat in pace—? And even now, is not the baker’s dozen of really good German student songs enclosed by a soft, thick shell of what a disinterested observer can hardly adjudge anything but rubbish? Even so, gentlemen, kindly let it be with the American college song! It is of a different type, of a different temper. The drinking song of the German is not here (let us rapidly dry the last tear shed for it); the song of the athlete, with something of the athlete’s strenuous exertion and the hardness produced thereby, predominates. German “Gemuetlichkeit” is not found in it, for it is not, as yet, of America’s life and therefore, rightly, not of its song; there is in it something of the American’s directness and highly strung nervous temperament. It is not the song of a land, which after cen turies of minute care and culture has become a natural park; instead the breeze of wide waste and open prairie sounds in it, sometimes harsh ly. Let it be so! Woe to it, if it were otherwise! And we, of this German-American college? We are of German ex traction; much that is German is our heritage. Let us choose wisely, carefully, and preserve lovingly of the songs as well as of other treasures of this inheritance, what is best in it, what is best adapted for us, what speaks to us in living word and tone. And we are Americans, in the midst of America, its life and institutions. That, too, is a birthright not to be lightly sold. How about doing our duty by it, that we may of right enjoy some of its privileges? It is in this spirit that the following songlet—or near-song, if you will —is offered to the student body of Northwestern. Quite probably it is of the shell which must perish. The writer is content to have it so. May it serve to aid in bringing forth the kernel yet unborn, or to pre serve its better as yet blushing unseen.

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Northwestern’s Way. Northwestern’s coming! U-rah-ray! They’re coining with a rush, And all the teams along the way Are waiting in a hush. Northwestern’s coming on the hike; They hit like a thousand of brick; They’ll smash the teams along the pike; Just watch them turn the trick. Refrain:

With a bow-wow-wow And a ha-ha-hah! Eat ’em (Tiger!) Alive, boys!

Northwestern’s coming! U-rah-ray! They’re on the stretch run now. They’re forging to the front to stay. Maybe they don’t know how! Northwestern’s coming! Watch ’em, boys! They’re out with the big stick. (Old Lawrence) They'll make (Old Ripon)—wow! some noise!— (Beloit U) And (Carroll) all, look sick. (Milton) Refrain :

With a bow-wow-wow, etc. M. SPRENGLING, ’94.

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(Sonntag, am 26. tjebtuar, fang ber ©eimnardjor, bcr etma 130 ^etfonen jaljU, untcr §cttn Sprof. ftofyetS Settling in Spaft. $nutlj§ SEtrdje. iprof. ftoljfer mill junadjft ben ©Ijot mit ben $etlen ber alien Rtrdjenmujt! bertraut madjen, bann abet and) bie Sutljeraner SttiltoaufeeS auf bie ©djonljeiten ber alien ftitdjen* lieber aufmerlfam madjen. 2)er (S^or mirb in nadjfter 3eit ©inlabungen an bie ©emeinben ber Spaftoren 2)tefe unb SSrenner folgen.

ALUMNI PERSONALS. Mr. Otto Plath, ’10, who discontinued his studies at our seminary, is now teaching German in the University Heights School of Seattle, Wash. Mr. Sig. Probst, ’09, en route to Poynette, spent March 3 and 4 in Watertown, visiting old friends. Intelligence has reached us that Mr. John Jcske of Milwaukee and Mr. William Schaefer of Manitowoc, both members of the classes of ’10 and ’ll, who are now studying at Springfield, 111., are playing on the crack Concordia basket ball team. The Concordia five claims the cham pionship of Springfield and the adjoining territory.

NORTHWESTERN CLUB OF MILWAUKEE OBSERVES FIFTH ANNIVERSARY. Former students of our institution residing in Milwaukee celebrated their fifth annual reunion February 28 in the banquet hall of the Repub lican House. About ninety of the old boys attended the most entertain ing affair ever arranged. As guests from out of town were received six members of the faculty—President A. F. Ernst, Dr. J. H. Ott, Dr. Arthur Hoerman, Prof. Sprengling, Prof. Bolle, Prof. Frank and Dr. Wm. Notz —and the following alumni: Henry Anger, Wautoma; Henry Woyahn, Waukesha; H. Roller Moussa, Jefferson. In the business meeting, which preceded the social numbers of the evening’s programme, reports were heard from various chairmen of special committees. It was decided to donate $75.00 to the musical societies who partook in the concert given at the Davidson theatre of this city last June. To the directors of the above organizations, who hitherto had received no financial support, a stipend of $60.00 was voted. The board of directors were instructed to arrange an excursion to our institution at Watertown Memorial Day if feasible, it being the desire to break ground at that time for the new gymnasium. The day may be styled “Northwestern’s Spade Day.” The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows:

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President—Ernst von Briesen, lawyer. Vice-President—Adolph Bues, president Starke Dredge & Dock Co. Second Vice-President—Herman Knuth, pastor. Treasurer—Julius Dammann, with J. Andrae & Sons. Secretary—Reinhold Breutzmann, cashier O’Neil Oil & Paint Co. Members of Advisory Board—Herman Ebert, pastor, and E. H. Karrer, president of E. H. Karrer Co. Upon adjournment the old boys formed a procession and under the leadership of the president wound their way to the beautiful banquet hall. Dr. Frederick John, president of the Northwestern Club, officiated in a unique manner as toastmaster of the evening. Among those seated at the speaker’s table were also Oscar Griebling, Wm. Kieckhefer, Presi dent A. F. Ernst. Carl Gausewitz, Henry Schroeder, John Schaller, August Bendler, Herman Ebert and Pastor Bading. In response to the toastmaster’s call, President Ernst expressed his gratitude to the members of the club in behalf of the institution for the noble activity of the club in erecting a new gymnasium for the alma mater. Pastor Bading told of his extended trip abroad for the benefit of the finances of the college in the early seventies. Dr. Arthur Hoermann, professor of history, pictured in a most effective manner the priceless reminder he has in possessing living college colors. H. Roller Moussa made an appeal to the former students to send more students to our institution in order to get full benefit of the new Armory, and admonished the “grads” not to be satisfied in sending boys who are inefficient in agricultural or other pursuits but to select the most talented, who will be successful not only in the study of Latin, but also on the athletic field. Oscar Griebling recalled the building of the present gymnasium in his days. He was able to recall the rapid erection of the building, it being completed by the then junior class within a week’s time. Mr. Griebling was chairman of the executive committee. Martin Sprengling, graduate manager of athletics, told of his experiences as a member of the military company. Musical numbers were sung by the assembly under the direction of H. Ebert, John T. Lochner accompanying on the piano. Classes of 19089-10, Sigmund Probst directing, rendered a number of college songs, and the following parody written especially for this occasion by O. T. E., ’02:

■!

Review of the Club’s Younger Members. What’s the matter with Henry? He’s O. K.! What’s it matter if Henry’s hair is grey? He’s mighty strong for the gym, by heck; Few words he speaks, yet signs the check. What’s the matter with Henry? He’s all right!

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THE BLACK AND RED. What’s the matter with Fred’rick? He’s all right! Few have been so good to us, hold him tight. His pills at school have cured us all, And still he heeds the college call. What’s ttie matter with Fred’rick? He’s all right! What’s the matter with Charley? Just ask us! He strikes from the shoulder, ’voids all fuss. Growing too big for St. Paul town, He’s made things here move up and down. What’s the matter with Charley? He’s all right! What’s the matter with Oscar? Yes, he’s here! None can lead us better on to cheer. He’ll spread in tones of the nightingales Northwestern’s spirit, which never fails. What’s the matter with Oscar? Pie’s all right! What’s become of Wurster? Tap the gong! Still there’s no answer—something’s wrong. They say he’s gone to Palestine, But he’ll be back in weeks of nine. What’s the matter with Wurster? He’s all right! What’s the matter with Herman ? He’s all right! Here’s the real booster, day and night. He has the style of winning men And all want him to call again. What’s the matter with Herman? He’s all right! What’s the matter with August? He’s all right! You’ll always find him cheerful, ever bright. We’re glad to have more rhymes from him, Which urge us on to build the gym. What’s the matter with August? He’s all right!

Fund Reaches Three-Quarter Mile Post. The steady growth of the gymnasium building fund is being com mented upon by even the most conservative followers of the institu tion. Again it is possible to report receipt of large contributions from the distant Dakotas. Owing to the departure of E. A. Wurster for a number of months to Europe, the committee chose August Bendler, ’75, as acting chairman of the building committee. At the same time Henry

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Schroeder, a loyal former student, was elected a member of the com足 mittee. As the necessary amount for the new structure is within hail足 ing distance, the committee has decided to take the essential prelim足 inary steps toward construction of the building. The firm of Schuetzky & Son, rated as one of the foremost architects in the West, were unan足 imously selected to be given the commission of designing the plans.. The following former students have decided to support the project to the best of their resources: $100.00 W. C. Stone, Watertown................. 50.00 Schempf Bros., Watertown............ 50.00 William Gorder, Watertown.......... 25.00 F. W. Gamrn, Watertown................ 25.00 F. Wittfaut, Almont, N. Dak......... 20.00 J. Siegrist, Green Bay..................... 15.00 Salomon Jedele, Wilmot................. 15.00 Martin Sprengling, Watertown.... 15.00 John Brenner, Milwaukee............... 10.00 Alb. Pankow, Cambridge................. 10.00 W. G. Haase, Appleton................... 10.00 M. Henscl, Shiocton......................... 10.00 E. Hinncnthal, Forestvillc............... 10.00 J. Dejung, Rhinelander..................... 10.00 A. Herzfcld, Black Creek............... 10.00 H. Mueller, Eagle River................. 10.00 W. Karisier, Greenville................... 10.00 M. F. Sauer, Brillion......................... 10.00 J. H. Koch, Wauwatosa................. 10.00 J. Tocpfel, Iron Ridge....................... 10.00 A. Hoermann, Watertown............... 10.00 Theo. Fink, Waterloo..................... 10.00 Aug. Kirchner, Lowell..................... 10.00 J. Haase, Randolf............................. 5.00 F. Uetzmann, Wrightstown............ 5.00 W. Bergholz, Marshall..................... 3.00 J. E. Kaspar, Bonduel..................... 3.00 H. J. Hinnenthal, Kaukauna.......... 2.00 F. Weyland, Crandon....................... 10.00 A. Dasler, St. James, Minn............... 10.00 William Sauer, Mound City, S. Dak 5.00 F. C. Wurl, East Boston, Mass__ 10.00 F. H. Kemnitz, Milwaukee............. 5.00 Robt. Lohr, Milwaukee................... 5.00 F. Graeber, Milwaukee.....................

292

THE BLACK AND RED.

SCHEMES

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: h '

One of the neatest and best exchanges for February is the LIN COLNIAN (Lincoln, 111.). From beginning to end the paper is almost perfectly balanced, and what is more, the literary column is good. “The Call of the Heart” in its first installment makes one anxious to read the second half. “Religious Conditions in Japan” gives some very inter esting statistics on mission work in Japan, showing how very great is the need of workers in this field. We would have liked to have seen one or two more editorials. But what there is, is good. To cap all, the Exchange column, that much neglected department, is well attended to. Altogether, we congratulate you on your success. The OWL (Philadelphia, Pa.) for February is especially interesting in so far that it gives one a very good insight into life at the Temple University. Besides that, the literary work is exceptionally good. True, there are no stories. But the articles are all written in such an interesting style that one is inevitably attracted. The first article, “Napoleon,” contains the rather bold statement that the ENGLISH crushed the French at Waterloo. It is true that they fought long and well; but it is also true that they alone could hardly have succeeded. The article “History of New York” deserves special mention. The style of writing and the arrangement of the whole is very clever. The February MESSENGER (New Ulm, Minn.) gives great satis faction in the quantity of its material if not always in quality. The second article, on the conversion of the old Germans, leaves the feeling with the reader that there ought to have been much more said. The author might at least have put a proper conclusion to the article. The faulty punctuation in “Lost and Rescued” disturbs one too much to allow proper enjoyment of the story. The Per Jocum column shows, as in fact most joke columns do, that there are really very few original jokes furnished in a college. The most of them are only remarks to rankle the feelings of another person. The main thing in a paper is naturally that which is inside. But a good outward appearance never fails to attract and lets one expect good matter between the covers. The COMENIAN'is slightly negli gent in that line. The paper generally arrives in poor shape. The work in the February number is good though, the article “Poets a Factor in Civilization” being especially laudable. The print in the latter half of the paper is also objectionable. It saves space but not the eyes of your readers. As much as there is of an Exchange de partment is very good. More exchanges might be criticised. The SPECTATOR (Capital University, Columbus, Ohio) of Febru ary contains some very good material. The article “Washington and Lincoln” especially attracted our attention. It very nicely shows the likeness and the difference of these two heroes, “one the main-stay of

: : 1

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the people in the crisis that gave birth to the nation, the other the pre server of the nation when it was on the verge of self-destruction.” It is very laudable. We also appreciated “Lincoln’s Oratory,” while the story “Revenge Is Sweet” gave less satisfaction, the plot being rather old and worn. We like the way the exchange editor criticises his ex changes. He might, however, omit certain parts which neither criticise nor laud. And then, what is a “laborious constitution?” The phrase occurs in your criticism on “The Buckeye.” All taken, we most heartily welcome you back to our table.

294

THE BLACK AND RED.

LOCALS E. Sauer, Tl, and J. Bade, ’12, visited in Milwaukee on Feb. 22, and from there called on friends at the seminary at Wauwatosa. They report a good time. Mr. H. Schmechel received a pleasant call from his friends, Mr. P. Burkholz and sister, of Milwaukee. Mr. H. Puege, accompanied by the Misses Esther and Clara, came up to see his son Justus, ’13. They were called to this city by the serious illness of their grandmother, an old resident of Watertown. L. Mahnke, ’12, and C. Kluender, ’ll, members of the concert com mittee, transacted business in Jefferson Feb. 22. Otto Koch, ’09, was seen in our midst Feb. 20. Judging from his happy mood, he must have met with exceptional success at Poynette. Mrs. Leipelt and daughter, Mrs. J. Harwardt, came down from Tomah on Feb. 8th, to spend the day with their son and brother, Erich, Prep. The following spent Washington’s Birthday out of town : W. Schaller, ’ll. went to Wauwatosa; E. Finck, ’12, and R. Bartz, ’12, to Lake Mills; R. Fenske, ’14, to Hustisford; E. Kiessling and W. Wier to Jef ferson, Fred Born to Oconomowoc, and W. Pieper to Madison. Gust. Gerth, a quondam member of the class of ’ll came to shake hands with classmates and friends on Feb. 13. He attended the confer ence held in Watertown Feb. 14-16. Martin Brockmann, Prep., was glad to see his father, the Rev. H., and his aunt, Mrs. H. Oswald, as visitors here the 14th ult. Mrs. Finck of Lake Mills paid her son Emanuel. ’12, a visit the 16th of Feb. Wm. Block was called to his home by the sad news of the death of his brother on Feb. 21. The funeral took place the following day. The Institution for Feeble-minded of Watertown held their annual celebration at the St. Marks church on Feb. 12. Prof. J. Schaller of "Wau watosa delivered the sermon for the occasion. W. Burk, ’12, and F. Wurl, ’12, spent part of Feb. 23 in walking to Oconomowoc and back, a distance of 22 miles. Mr. A. Huebner was a caller at N. W. C. on Feb. 28, visiting his son Omar, Prep. E. Hertler, ’ll, left for his home in Saline, Mich., on Feb. 20, to cele brate the wedding of his brother. r On Feb. 6th W. Schumann, ’12, residing on College avenue, invited tour of his classmates, J. Masch, P. Froehlke, O. Toepel and A. Tacke o spend the evening with him. All enjoyed themselves heartily. Utto Dahlman, Cambria, who formerly studied here, was shaking hands WctH ° ? friends <?n Feb. 27th. Mr. S. Duin, parochial school-teacher of Waukesha, visited with us

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on Feb. 11 and Feb. 26 W. Burk and E. Bruns called on him at his home and were pleasantly entertained. M. Haase spent a most enjoyable time at his home in Randolph, Wis., on Feb. 18th. He had the pleasure of seeing his sister, Miss Martha, and Mr. J. Blockwitz joined in happy wedlock. The bride is not a stranger to us, as she took an academic course at Northwestern some time ago. O. Koschei, Acc., accepted the opportunity of traveling through Ger many and France with his parents. They left from Winona, Minn., on Feb. 24. Emil Martin, formerly a member of the class of ’13, surprised college and classmates with a short visit between trains on Feb. 22. He was on his way from Mason City, Iowa, at which place he will be employed after a brief visit with his parents at Milwaukee. Mr. G. A. Parsch of Wausau, Wis., visited his brother William, T4. Otto Toepel, ’12, was favored with a call from his relatives, Mrs. A. Pape and daughter of Manitowoc, and Miss Eleonore Toepel of Iron Ridge.

296

THE BLACK AND RED.

—Give us the hour off. Was ist mit Sauer? —Can’t you find the last page of that book? —Prof: Why is some type called italic ? Sextaner: Because it is big and slopes like a Jew’s nose. —Prof.: Now we will take up a new part of speech. Name it. Prep.: Consumptive (Conjunctive). —W—1: If those houses of the middle ages were built with the upper stories projecting, did they not tip easily? Prof.: Why no—they were built of good lumber. —Dr.: What does 1. c. stand for? Class: Ask P—mps he knows all about Elsie. —The latest thing up here is doing cowboy work, but under cover ot darkness. Judging from the commotion one evening our “mule” must have been “branded.” Nunc etiam constat. —Dr.: Wie ist das “sollen” im 40. Satz zu uebersetzen? Mons to Jim: How did you translate it yesterday? Jim: I had forty-two. Mons (misunderstanding) : Mit forte. Brown: We had a birds-eye view from on top because we were sitting in the balcony. td " ??ve y°u.any running baths here? B: No, not since we had the roof fixed.

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_Female loveliness made such an impression on I. S-hr—d-r of late that he exclaimed, O, Liebe, O, when he saw a mere statue in a show-win dow. —Dr.: The class does not seem to know much about this subject. Schuft II: Nemo est, qui physicus (a) nesciat in this class. —We wonder what induces Pimps on all occasions to say, easy! (E. Z.?) —K-b-1: Dr., I don’t believe in the theory of electrolytic dissociation, because the molecules of the glass would mix with the water and one would die of hard drink. —Prof.: Was heisst “honigsiiss auf Latein?” Class is silent. Joe: “Das heisst mcllita.” Why did he know? —Schuft (1) : Is our dormitory built on the Renaissance style? Schouldcrs: No, it looks to me like some kind of a Besenstil. —Never mind, “Otto,” “your church steeple” can’t be longer than 11 inches; if it were 12 inches it would be a foot. —Mary had a little lamb, Lean, lank and bony; When Mary harder studies took, She swapped it for a pony.—Ex. —(In grosser Aufregung.) H-rt-r wenn sic schwatzcn wollen, dann—schweigen sie lieber still. —Prof, (as he grabbed the frisky Freshman by the collar): I believe the devil has got a hold of you. Frash.: I believe he has.—Ex. —Bora: Joe, I thought you were down town this morning? Joe: Why do you think so? Doc W.: It was announced this morning that the laundry basket leaves for town. —If a body see a body Flunking on a quiz, If a body prompt a body, Is it teacher’s biz?—Ex. —At times I have broken my heart, At times I have broken my head; The best I have found to mend my heart Is to take a sweet nap on my bed. But what shall I do with my head broken? I have misused and falsely bespoken. “Some,” just for a little more chaff. All this, I say, was just for a laugh.

298

THE BLACK AND RED.

DIE MITTAGSGLOCKE. Viele Jahre sind verflossen, Seit die Glocke ist gegossen, Endlich ist es nun vorbei Mit der Glocken klingelei— "Dreizehn hattens ausgedacht Zwanzig habens mitgemacht.n Auf dem Dache unsrer Kueche War 'ne Glocke die da glicbe Einer Weckuhr die am Morgen Die Studenten aus den Sorgen An das Tagewerk berief Wenn man gem noch etwas scblief. Einen Riss hat sie bekommen, Deshalb man sie abgenommen, Und der Erdenschoss geweiht— Damit sie nicht ewig laeut. Man nahm sie vom Dach herab, Legte sie ins kuehle Grab; Naemlich in das Tulpenbeet— Denn die Stunde war zu spaet Das man or*ndtlich sie begrabe Wo sie Fried und Ruhe habe. Trauernd stand am andern Morgen Der Studenten truebe Schar, Wer das laeuten nun besorgen Der Betruebniss Ursach war. Und ein Stein der viele Jahr Von nicht grossen Nutzen war Wurde auf das Grab gesetzt, Und zu Guter aller letzt Spielte man ein Trauerlied Und dann ging man Reih und Glied Jeder nach dem seinen Ort Und gar mancher sprach ein Wort Gutes, je nach Mutterwitz Wie es leider Sitte ist.

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