1915-1916 NWC The Black and Red Vol. 19 by Martin Luther College

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APRIL 1915.

Northwestern College, Watertown, Wis.

i !； THE BEGINNING.

Wc have begun; We’ve manned the ship and now proceed To guide the craft through storm and need To her next port. The waters dark The course to be traversed unknown; Unused to wind's and water's moan We stand expectant. We feci the burden, The labor that has fallen to our lot. But still these trials fear we not With Him our helmsman. To Him wc look For help and strength in straits. The leader in the strife that waits Our little bark. Be this our motto: “With God we make the strenuous way.” With this in mind, there’s nought can stay Our true success. —W.，i6.

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THE BLACK AND RED Volume XIX.

Watbrtown, Wis., April, 1915.

Number 1

AK ALLEGORY. The little hen sneaked furtively out of the barn and tried to sneak away unnoticed to the fields. Her little breast was filled with some apprehension lest she be seen by some of the seniors of the flock. She hid herself under the fence and sat safely ensconced behind a cluster of grass and watched the entrance to the barn. Some time passed and the little lady grew quite agi tated. She was the*nineteenth and youngest number of the flock, and had performed the first typical act of a fowl, viz., laid an egg. How would the other eighteen hens look at it? They，had all laid eggs for years and had acquired perfection in this art. But this was the first egg which she imposed upon the world. How would it be accepted ? Would they criticize it ? Would it be too small, too yellow, too unshapely to suit the fastidious old hens ? If it only would not be seen until the consumers got it! They would perhaps protest and feel dissatisfied, but would never let the producer know of their displeasure. • While passing the moments in excited thoughts, one of the other liens stepped majestically into the barns. The excited ■ little lien held her breath and waited terrible moments. Suddenly a loud cackle pronounced the discove^y of her first egg. The little hen .could hardly contain herself from running away never, never to lay an egg again. But the inherent idiosyncracy of woman, curiosity, held.her and demanded to be satisfied. So she remained; she was willing to run the gauntlet of criticism and fault-finding. After all they might not be as captious and'critical as she imagined; perhaps her egg- was satisfactory. The hen that had made that inopportune discovery* soon began to proclaim it aloud. Immediately from all corners of the barnyard the other members of the flock hurried toward the'barn to discover the reason for all the noise. “Just look in here,” cried the first hen.

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The rest all flew upon the hayloft and < beheld the newly-laid egg. A sarclonic cackle passed through the entire flock. Such an egg! lliey all imme diately fell to criticizing it. “It’s entirely too small,” said one. “And too round,” chimed in another. ' “It’s a shame that such an egg should be permitted to lie in this barn, ， vvherc»we are wont to lay perfect ones,” protested a third. “That little hen that just joined our flock must have laid it,” saicl the first one. 1 always knew that she would vitiate the fame .we have acquired by producing such an egg.” in this lone the egg of > the little hen was taken to task. Tilt* talk finally grew so heated that lhe old ivir. Rooster, who had been sitting lazily in the sunlight and debating over the'advantage of new whitewash in the chickenbarn and the probable thundcr-siorm which might come today or tomorrow or perhaps next week, was aroused. When lie < heard the noise, he thought that it was one of the customary wrangles over a lost feather or a choice worm. But there were too many con cerned that a feather should be the object of:contention. Perhaps he had better ?0 over and settle the little debate before the altercation take larger dimensions. So he arose,'shook the dust from his feathers and walked toward the barn. He arrived just when the liens with one accord voted to cast the egg from the loft and prohibit the little hen from laying any more such faulty eggs. He bade them desist, then inquired the reason for their action. The other hens began to expostulate loudly *that they could not reconcile them selves to the fact that such an egg be intruded upon them. The old rooster flew on to the* hay, looked carefully at the e.^,2：, then said: ••Do you people remember when you laid your first eggs ? Don’t you rcmember that you yourself felt that it was imperfect ? Now why treat this egg so harshly, This is the first one, but the second will be better. There never was a perfect beginning; she must have time and experience and your advice. Drop your arrogant manners and vouchsafe her a word or two of proper encouragement, instead of nagging at her first'imperfect attempt. She lias done her best and will continue to clo so, and you can expect to be per fectly satisfied.” So it proved: the next egg： was better, and by the time she bad laid the tenth, she could proudly cackle as loud as the - rest every time she had laid an egg. —A. F. W”，i6. THE HAUNTED CHimCH. In a fertile valley in the southern part of Scotland lies the little hamlet Woodland. The snow-clad mountains in the distance, the green pastures sur rounding-it, and the murmuring brook rushing thru it, make this village as attractive a spot as you can find in all Scotland. On a knoll, amidst a cluster

THE BLACK AND RED of trees, stand the parsonage and the parish church, which have been sub jected to the weathering of many an icy storm, for the stones are corroding and the buildings-are at the verge of collapse, tho the vines overgrowing theni conceal this. A gray-haired man, small of stature, with a countenance bearing the sor rows and worries of his three score and ten years, is one of the inhabitants. He is the Rev. Wyred, true shepherd of his flock, helper in all needs, and consoler of all who seek solace. He resides here together with his only son James, a muscular, sturdy youth of fifteen summers, who is known thruout the country for petty mischief. It was on a Sunday in April. Excitement ran high in the village, The pastor had announced evening services, a rare occurrence in Woodland. 1 he older generation could remember that the church was illuminated but once while the present incumbent lived in the parish. All were gelling ready to go. The doors were barely thrown open, when the whole hamlet, fathers and mothers, sons and daughters, maids and servants rushed in, to obtain seats, in order to be present at such an unusual event. At seven the dignified pastor appeared, solemn was his look, clear and impressive his voice. With volubility and perfect diction he was now delivering his sermon, All eyes were fixed on him. All were listening attentively, so that not one word of that precious Gospel should escape their ears. Such was the state of the audience on that Sunday evening, when a clatter at the window divert ed the people’s attention. Tip, tap! Tip, tap! And then the noise ceased. The audience became uneasy, but no one ventured to utter a murmur in order not to detract the pastor’s attention from his sermon. Many anticipated danger. For that spirits haunted churches was at this time almost universally believed. But inasmuch as the tapping; did not reoccur, they accepted it to have been the howling of the wind. Only a short time however elapsed, and the clatter again was distinctly audible. Tip, tap! Tip, tap! louder with every stroke. This time the congregation was thunderstmek. Motionless they sat for a moment and riveted their eyes on the window. Fear and awe seized them. Instantly all were at their feet. Then there was a running and a pushing and a rushing and a yelling. Everyone attempted to reach safety first. Here was a woman screaming: “Help! Help! the Devil! the Devil! He has me in bis clutches and is carding me away. Ob, what agony V' Others knelt down to pray that the spirit may depart, but were pushed along with the crowd. The vociferations of the men with their stentorian voices, the groaning and scream ing of the women left all the words of the pastor, who did all in his power to calm his people, unheard. One woman, in a state of great excitement and overcome with parovvsms of embarrassment, could not reach the open air as quickly as she wanted to, therefore took a jump and thru the window she sallied, reached the groud in safety, and disappeared with such an accclleration of speed as her corpulent body allowed at the same time uttering execra tions to keep the spirit from pursuing her. In but a few minutes the church was vacant, and people could be seen fleeing in all directions, not daring to turn about or to tarry a moment.

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But one courageous man, Mr. Firth, known thruout the country for his brave and gallant deeds, remained. “I am no coward. I despise pusillanimSpirits are a farce. Who would believe in them ? I never did and never This is due will. Such stolidity as these men have shown is to be derided. # to the prank of some rascal. And I am going to discover it.” Armed with a gun in case of emergency, he entered the haunted church, planning what to do. A strange feeling overpowered him, and be felt as tho the diabolical spirits were flying about tlie church. “Such optical illusions should deceive a man of my intrepidity and bold ness? Why this is only the reflection of the moon on the lamps. Such folly! Nothing like a ghost! Keep up your spirit !M This thought calmed him and he was his own self again. Just then he heard the clatter, tip, tap! tip, tap! and Firth crouched back in a corner for a moment. “I have it now. Some one is pounding on the window!” With liis gun in readiness lie crept up cautiously. Tap, tap, tap! it sounded and bcinp： echoed was enough to make any man stagger. Nevertheless, he reached the window, climbed on top of a bench with undaunted courage and discovered—that a nail, pulled from some distant place, was striking the window. “I know there was no ghost. Why did the people not believe me and all this tumult mijjlit have been warded off. Now for the malefactor.” He hurried outside and followed the string, which led him to James* bedroom. “All! I have it. It is James who played this trick.” Then lie rushed into the house, exclaiming: “Rev. Wyred, Rev. Wyred, it is your own son James, your own son James, who caused the disturbance in cliurcli.” Then he related the discovery. Now both went upstairs and found James lying in bed and pulling the string with the greatest of pleasure. “James, my son, has the devil planted such intrigue in your mind? I shall obliterate such diabolical notions by administering to you the condign punishment which your deed deserves, in hopes that you may better yourself/* said the grieved father.

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Years have passed. Woodland lias changed little. The old church and parsonage are replaced by new structures. James took his father’s place when death called the faithful worker hence, and is loved by all his flock. But one gray-haired man, Mr. Firth, narrates to all strangers who visit this secluded hamlet the story of “The Haunted Church,” and never fails to relate the active part which he had played. —T. W. F. B.,，I7.

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DEUTSCHE KRIEGS： Ein jeder Krieg, den das deutsche Voik fiihrte, hat seine Dichter gehabt, die das Volk begeisterten und seine Kampfe und Siege besangen. Man braucht nur an die Dichter der Freiheitskriege zu denken, Theodor Korner, Ernst Moritz Arndt und andere. Auch diesmal erklingt zum Scliwert die Leier. In den paar Monaten ist schon eine Flut von Gedichten an den Tag gekommen, und wenn aucli viele davon nicht dauernden Wert haben, so ist doch mancher bedeutende Sang darunter. Mit freudiger Begeisterung begriisst Richard Dehmel die ernste Stunde des Krieges als eine Befreiung von mancherlei Druck in seinem Gedicht: Ueber Staub und Pulverdampf; Sei gesegnet, ernste Stunde, Feu rig wird nun Klarheit schweben Die uns endlich stahlern eint; Nicht ums Leben, nicht ums Leben Frieden war in aller Munde, ArgAvohn lahmte Freund wie Feind一 Fiihrt der Mensch den Lebenskampf一 Tetzt kommt der Kf g. Stets komint der Tod, Der ehrliche Krieg：! Der gfottliche Tod! Dumpfe Gier mit stumpfer Kralle OlanHe： rreifen wir zur Wehre Fiir den Geist in tinserm Blut: Feilschte itm Genuss itnd Pracht: Volk, tritt ein fiir deine Ehre, Jetzt kommt die Not, Mensch, dein Gliick heist Opfermut一 AVas tins einzig- selie： maebt一 Dann kommt der Sieg, Yetzt kommt die Not, Die heili^e Not! Der herrliche Sie.c：! Dies ist eins unter vielen, was so reebt die Stimmunj? des fifanzen Volkes beim Ausbruch des ihnen freventlich anf?ezwuns：enen Kriee^s ausdriickt. Dag^egen vergleiche man bei den Allierten den Ausspnich Kipling：s: ”The Hun is at the Gate” und das, anmutige Gedicht, mit dem die Englander angefeuert werden: Down with the Germans, down with them all! O Army and Navy, be sure of their fall! Spare not one of them, those deceitful spies, Cut their tongues, pull out their eyes! Down, down with them all! Wie ganz anders klingt dagegen selbst Ernst Lissauers bekannter Hassgesang gegen England. Er redet auch von Hass, aber in einer ganz anderen Weise. Manche haben geglaubt sein Gedicht entschuldigen zu mussen. Wir billigen den Hass nicht, aber der heilige Zorn, der hier redet, ist erklarlicb und begriindet. Ohne Zweifel das grossartigste Lied, welches das deutsche Volk in seiner Notwehr rechtfertigt, ist folgendes von Hans Heinz Ewers:

THE BLACK AND RED WIR UND DIE WELT. Von Hans Heinz Ewers.*) Wir liaben geschwiegen im Volkerrat, Einmal und zweimal und mehr; Und standen zur Seite und mieden die Tal— Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Wir liaben uns nimmermehr beeilt, Als man die Erde aufgeteilt: Wir liorten dcr anderen heiseren Schrei一 Wir wollten den Frieden一und standen dabei Zweimal und dreimal und mehr! Und dcnnoch gaben sie keine Ruh, Keincn Tag und nimmermehr, Und sahen uns scheel und neidisch zu Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Sie liaben gchohnt und haben gehetzt Und Sabcl gcscliliffen und Messer gewetzt, Den Deutschcn zu schimpfen, war keiner zu faul! Wir wollten den Frieden!—Wir hielten das Maul Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Sic tricbcn (lurch Jahrc das frevle Spiel Mchr noch und immer mehr I Bis der Tag anbrach, der Gott gefiel, Einmal und nimmermehr, Bis die Erdc war von Lugen krank, Bis dcr Hasscr Heuten zum Himmel stank, Bis der Deutsche sprach: **Nun ist es genug, Nun duld ich die Lugen und dulde den Trug Nimmer und nimmermehr!” CJnd cr fuhr empor wie ein Wetterstrahl, Und er blickte rings umher, Und cr sah seiner Neider Ueberzahl, Einen und manchen mehr! Sah im Ost den Feind und im West den Feind, Mit dem Russen den Franzmann eng： vereint; Und den Serben dann. und den Belgier dann, Und den Briten und alles, was lugen kann. Mehr noch und manche mehr! Montenegro noch und Portugal noch, 1st es wirklich keiner mehr? Die Feinde kriechen aus jedem Loch

THE BLACK AND RED Mehr noch unci viele mehr! Der Lugenbrite ist immer noch feig, Er knetet weiter den Biindnisteig, Hat immer noch Angst vor des Deutschen Sieg; Da hetzt er den Japsen hiiiein in den Krieg— Den noch und manchen mehr! Mit Senegalnegem—o schmahliche Zeit!— Fiillt der Welsche sein zitternd Heer, Mit dem Volk, das die Wiiste Sahara ausspeit, Mit dem Turk。und manchen mehr! Und aus Britannias Riesenschoss Bricht der Schwarze, der Braunc, der Gelbe los, Er tanzt nach dem englischen Dudelsack Fiinfhundert Millionen Sklavenpack----hundertmal mehr. Gegen einen Der Feinde Iiohn und der Uebermacht Spott Rast durch die Welt dalier, Und der Deutsche betet: ”Nun helfc mir Gott Einmal, nur einmal mehr!” Und es fiel seine Faust, und es fiel sein Streich, Da sank der Belgier zu Boden gleicli. Und ein neuer Tag und ein neuer Sclilag— Bis dass der Franzos auf den Kiiien lag Recht so! Und mehr noch! Noch mehr! Nun zittere, Brile! Wie ein Taifun stark 1st des Deutschen blanke Wehr, Es trifft sein Schlag, und er trifft ins Mark Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Nun zittere, Russe! Und denke daran: Auch deine Stunde naht schon heran. Nur ein Atemholen! Nur Zeit, nur Zeit! Auch dir ist ein heisses Siipplein bereit, Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Ein Schlag erdrohnt durch die danze Welt Einmal und zweimal und mehr! Wo der Deutsche trifft, ist ein Heer zerspellt, Eins und noch eins mehr! Still lauscht die Welt und atemlos, Denn dies Rineen ist so g-ewaltig gross; Und in dem wilden, dem letzten Krieg Pfliickt sicli der Deutsche den ewigen Sieg: Er allein— —und keiner mehr!

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Da zeigt sich der Deutsche fest, entschlossen, trotzig, furchtlos, er will sich die Schmach nicht langer gefallen lassen, im Bewustsein seiner gerechten Sache tritt er auf unci hofft zuversichtlich auf den Sieg. Das ist die ganz allgemeine Stimmung im Volke. Noch hoher lodert das Fcuer des Patriotismus in folgenden Versen von G. S. Viereck, urspriinglich englisch, die von H. H. Ewers verdeutscht sind: Oh Furst des Friedens, Herr im Streit, Zicli’ nun dein fleckenreines Schwert, Dein hciligcr Zorn soil jagen weit Den Bluthund von des Landes Herd! Es zwang den Stahl in deine Faust Dcr falschc Freund, der falsche Feind一 Des Ilollenfursten Faikel braust: Land, Luft und Mcer blutrot ersheint! Schlag* du den Russen, der in Schmach Und Finstcrnis die Welt zerbricht! —Was Luther lehrte, Goelhe sprach, Erhalt uns du! Du bist das Licht! A Is Dunkcl lag ob allem Land, Du standst fiir Gott mit stolzem Mut! 一Und Gott sollt’ dir entzieh’n die Hand, Dein Volk ertranken tief in Blut? Gott wolltc frei den Deutschen, frei! Frci von Britannia’s goklenem Klang, Von Anarchie und Tvrannei, Von Aufruhr frei und Peitschenzwang! So zeig’ clein Schwert im Sonnenlicht, Dem gclben Hund, der dich anbellt, Dem Zar, der mit der Knute ficht, Frankreich, der Metze aller Welt! Doch eher tilgst du nicht die Schmach; Oh Sankt Georg, eh’ nicht dein Speer In starkem Stoss den Kopf zerbrach一 England, dem Drachen aus dem Meer! Die Flamme, die sein Rachen speit, Ihn selbst verzehrend, iiberquillt! —Sei Friedrich’s Stern nun dein Geleit! Und Bismarck’s Gott一er sei dein Schild!

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Oh Furst des Friedens, Herr im Krieg, Zieh’ stolz hinaus aufs blutige Feld: Dein muss er sein, der letzte Sieg, Denn一wenn du fallst一fallt eine Welt! Von inniger Heimatsliebe zeugen folgende Verse von dem Lehrcr Karl Gaiser. Das Herz von schwerer Ahnung voll, verfasste er sie beim Abscliicd aus der Heimat: Doch die Hoffnung liept bcgrabcn, Heimatland, zum letzten Male Dass ich wieder lenk’ dir zu. Blick ich auf zu deinen H6h’n, Wann, o Auen meiner Kindheit, Wann werd’ ich euch wiederselVn ? Fern vom lieben Heimatsorte Schaufelt man mir wohl mein Grab. Fremder Leute Lippen sendcn Heimatland, zum letzten Male Dann den letzten Gruss hinab. Send’ ich dir der Liebe Gruss, Femhin ziehen meine Wege, Doch wenn meine Augcn breeben, Die ich jetzt nun wan dem muss. Still mein armes Herze steht, Gelte dir, geliebte Heimat, „Lebe wohl, auf Wiedersehen!’’ Heimat, dir mein letzt* Gebet! Ach, 'vie gem rief ich*s dir zu, Aehnliche Gedanken birgt das schonc „Matrosenlicd' von H. Lons. Heute wollen wir ein Liedlein singen, Trinken wollen wir den kiihlen Wein, XJnd die Glaser sollcn dazu klinjjen, Denn es muss, es muss gfeschieden sein. Gib mir deine Hand, deine liebe Hand, Leb wohl, mein Schatz, leb wohl; Denn wir fahren gen England. Unsre Flage^e und die weliet auf dem Maste, Sie verkundet unsres Reiches Macht: Denn wir wollen es nicht lanper lei den, Dass der Englischmann dariiber lacht. Gib mir deine Hand, deine liebe Hand, Leb wohl, mein Schatz, leb wohl; Denn wir fahren gegen Engeland. Kommt die Kunde, dass ich bin gefallen, Dass ich schlafe in der Meeresflut: Weine nicht um mich, mein Schatz. und denke, Fur das Vaterland, da floss mein Blut. Gib mir deine Hand, deine liebe Hand, Leb wohl, mein Schatz, leb wohl: Denn wir fahren gegen Engeland. Ludwig Thoma hat fein alien ausziehenden Soldaten nachgefiihlt, als er das Gedicht „Landwehrmanns Abschied” schrieb.

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Sollst es wie andere tragen, Dein Weinen tut mir weh. So denke du daran: Miisst’ ich mein arm es Lcben Der licben Heimat geben, Ist’s auch fur dich getan. Doch, Mutter, wenn ich geh’, Sollst du niclit drum verzagcn, ^ # Der Zuruckblcibendcn gcdcnkt Friedrich Lienbard in seinem Gruss an die Stillen” ： Ich griisse (lie Stillcn im lauten Land, Sic allc, die in dem brausenden Brand Kraft bchicltcn, stillc zu scin— Sic gruss ich: lialtct aus! bleibt rein!

Gieb mir den letzten Kuss! Was wir einander ivaren, Wir habens recht erfahren, Weil ich nun scheiden muss.

Blcibt, was ihr scid; bleibt still und stark! Bleibt in den deutschen Baumen das Mark! Scndct die Kraft in die Wipfel empor! Durch eucli nur braust der Wipfel Chor. Ihr weilt in der Enge, ihr wirkt im Haus, Ferasunken aber sendet ihr aus Zum Hclden，（ler sicli im Felde riihrt: Gcdankcn, darin cr (lie Heimat spiirt. Rlcibt still und stark, bleibt stark und still! Der iiber uns waltct, weiss, was er will: Schmieden will cr aus Zorn und Zucht Ein Volk der Wiirde, cin Volk der Wucht! Mitten in den Kampf fulirt UIlsS Karl Hans Strohl in dem vortrefflichen Stimmungsbild，,Dcr FlicgcrM das im，,Dalicim” 尺edrukt war. Eins der volkstiimlichstcn Reiterliedcr in diesem Feldzug ist das eines jetzt schon gefallencn jungen ostcrreichisclien Advokaten, Dr. Hugo Zuckermann: Was ist dabci ?! Druben am Wiescnrand Hocken zwei Dolilen— Viel bunderttausend traben Fall ich am Donanstrand ? In Oest'reichs Reitcrei. Sterb’ ich in Polen ? Was lie奶 daran ?! Druben im Abendrot Eh* sie meine Seele holen, Flie.eren zwei Kriihen— Kampf* ich als Reitcrsmann. 'Vann kommt der Schnitter Tod, Um uns zu mahen ? Druben am Ackerrain Es ist nicht schad’ ！ ■^chreien zwei Raben一 Sdi’ icli nur unsre Fahnen wehen Wcrd: ich der erste sein, Auf Belgerad!! Den sie begraben ?

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Wie itn echten Volksliecl ist Trailer mit unbezwinglichem Frohsinn gemischt. Kann man etwas Packenderes finden ? Wie die altcn historischen Landsknechtsgesange bei den Landsknechten wird es bei den Reitem fortleben und sie fortreissen zu mutigen Taten. Dieselbe Todesverachtung und zugleich innigcs Gottvcrtrauen zeigt dies kleine Gedicht: Nun komm, du Sensenmann, Und fass uns kuhnlich an! Wir zittem nicht, Wir wanken nicht, Wir tun mir unsere Pflicht, Du schreckst uns nicht mit Blut, Mit grimmiger Feinde Wut, Wir kennen dich und unserc Not Und einen treuen ewigen Gott. Sind das nicht Helden, die so in den Karnpf zielien ? Und als christlicbc Helden wissen sie aucli zu sterben. Schlicht und rulirend ist das unter dcr Aufschrift erschienene Gedicht: „Letzter Brief eines verwundeten Grenadiers an seine alte Mutter.” Es erschien ohne Namensunterschrift, der Verfasser nannte sich einen armen Bauem. Es wurde auch in dcr „AbendschuleM abgedrukt. Wer wird denn nun siegen ? Ludwig Fulda sieht in deni Volkerringen den Kampf zwischen Wahrheit und Liige: ”Dcr achte Feind.” Dass ihr zu Siebent uns umstellt, Zu Siebent uns bekampft im Feld, Das tut euch nicht Geniige; Ihr ruft zum Bund noch eine Macht Als Nummer acht: Die Liige. Thr fandet unser Recht zu klar, Zu fleckenlos den deutschen Aar, 7m sieghaft seine Fluge; Drum schieSst als euer letzter Schutz Nach ihm mit Schmutz Die Luge. Denveil dem Feind nach Krieger pflicht Wir furchtlos blicken ins Gesicht, 一 Wie wild er sich auch schliigre, Liegt schlangenhaft zum Knaul geballt Tm Hinterhalt Die Luge.

Sie stellt sich nicht im off*nen Streit, Sie lastcrt, geifert, spritzt und speit, Kennt hundert Winkelziige: Durch Land um Land und Trift um Trift Verstreut sie Gift, Die Liige. Und wo mit fremder Volkcr Art Die deutsche jiingst noch schien gepaart Zu dauemdem Gefiige. Da wandclt Zutraun und Verlass In blinden Hass Die Liige. Dem Haupte, das man ihr zerbrach, Ihm wachsen zwanzig andre nach, Und Millionen Kruge Erschopfen nicht das Meer von Kot, Mit dem uns droht Die Luge.

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Schon zieh’n auf blutgetrankter Flur LJnd dennoch—ob ihr Hollengeist Auch noch so schamvergessen dreist Des Feindes ihre tiefe Spur Die ganze Welt betruge, DiQ blanken dcutschen Pfluge; Wir fordern, trotzend ihrer Macht, Dort vverden wir die Zukunft sd.’n Heraus zur Schlacht Und niedermah’n Die Liige. Die Liige. Und die Wahrhcit wird siegcn. Uni diesen Sieg flelit Rosegger in seinera. ” Gebet” ： In seiner Elir’ und stolzen Kraft. O Herr, ich kam nocli nie zu Dir Behiite es in, seiner stillen, In solcher Not and Zuvcrsicht. Es braust, als w丘r，s cin Aufcrstchn, Hellen Geistesfiihrerschaft. Es draut, als war's das Wcltgcricht. Auf seiner Macht, class allerwarts Der Mciischheit Adel sich erneue, O Herrgott, scliiitz’ incin deutsclics Das frcie, einzig eine Volk, Volk Erhaltc es in seiner Treue! Behiite, Gott, (las frolic Volk Dein frommes Volk behiite, Gott! In seines Hauscs trautcm Rat, Bis cs in der Vollendung Licht In seines Herzens Innig'kcit, Den Oelzweig walirer Menschlichkeit In seines Fleisses rasclicr Tat! O fiihre es, class nie der Zvvictracht Erlosend um den Erdball flicht. In wilder Zeiten Sturm und Not, Wiister Damon es bcriicke. In Streit und Sieges Morgen rot, Behiit’ vor Klcinmut cs im Leicl, Das schwergepriifte, lielire Volk, Vor Ucbcrmut in scincm GHicke! Mein deutsches Volk, behiit1 es, Gott! Geleite Du das starke Volk, Beschiitze, Gott, mein Oesterreich O Herr, in Dciner Licbc Huld. Und unsern heissgeliebten Herrn! Vor zagem Zwcifcl an sein Heil Und seine treuen Volker all’. Bewahre es, vor allcr Schuld. Lass leuchten uns des Gluckes Stem, Verleih’ ihm kindliehes Vertrau’n， Dass wir vereint ohn’ Hass Wie reinen Herzen es bcschicden, , und Trug Dass es im stolzen Vorwartsschau*!! Des Menschentumes hoc g Dir nah und immer naher fliegen! Erringe seines Reiches Fricden. .... , O grosser Herrgott, lass uns siegen! ,.Moge sein ergreifendes Gebet bald Erhorung1 finden und den Frieden bnngen! —G. M. S”，i6.

Know thyself, presume not God to scan, The proper study of mankind is man. —Pope. The mind is its own place and it can make a heaven of hell and a hell of heaven.一Milton.

THE BLACK AND RED PublitKed Monthly by the Students of the Northwcilcrn College.

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HBNRYJ. BRANDT .. HBLMUTH W. SCHAEFER »J7 GERTRUDE M. SCHLUBTER » i6 ELMER G SSLING M7 OTTO C. YE M9 . GUSTAV J- SCHLEGEL

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ContrffmUona to the Literary Dcpanmcnt are requested from Al umnr ana umfcrgraduatca. All literary {natter 囂 hould be addressed to the Editor-in-Chlcf and all business commurnications to the BusSncu Manager, The terms of subscriptions are f Dollar per annum, payable In advance. SinIglc COptCSf l SUGfioa not acccotcd ia oavmcnt. Notify tss if 'vou wish your Address chansoed or vout Daocr diicontinuccL Advertising rates furnished upon application. TIm Black ni Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order for Ita dhcontinuancc U received or the nub •crtbtr U more thim one year in arrears* Entered at the Postofflce of Watertown. Wis.vas second-class matter.

WE GREET YOU! The Black and Red has passed another birthday. It has completed its eighteenth year and has become a sturdy and hale paper. At its nineteenth year! When a man becomes nineteen years of age, he almost stops growing, he has reached the size, and perhaps the strength, that will carry him through life. We consider him a man who has reached as high a degree of physical

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perfection as he can hope to attain. But the Black and Red has not stopped growing despite its eighteen years of life. Through the untiring efforts ot eighteen staffs, it has reached a very fair standard, one with which the present staff might justly content itself if it were permitted. But it is “up to the present staff to improve as other staffs have. , But how is the paper to be improved ? What is a just criterion of a paper s worth? To us it seems this: “l3oes it please its readers?” If it thoroughly satisfies each and every reader, if each subscriber feels that his money was well invested, then the paper has reached the standard which may well be called high. But if it does not, it must be improved. But the staff must be aware of its short-comings. You, dear Reader, must let us know where we are lacking. A little advice, sensible criticism on your part would remedy our faults. Or, better still, an article to replace that one which you deemed lacking. An active interest in the paper, co operation is what enhances a paper’s standard, and to our readers wc must look for this. But while wc arc expecting and soliciting vour criticism and advice, we take the liberty to criticize you. We have no Alumni column. We know no more about our graduates than a Turk does about English. Not because no steps have been taken by staffs of this paper, but because there was no re sponse. Nothing would make this paper more interesting to its alumni-reaclers than a large Alumni column. But here we must again look to our read ers to supply the material. A little interest just enough to make you pen to us what has happened to you or your old college chum would soon make a respectable Alumni column. Do not consider this plea as one from a staff that would like to augment its paper without additional work to itself. It is in your own interest that we should have such a column, and a large one. Now, while wc shake hands and greet you, permit us this entreaty: **Please help us build an Alumni column V' 一A. F, W”，i6. THE CARE OF OUR PARK.

Undoubtedly all of you, fellow students, have noticed or perhaps even stopped long enough to peruse one or the other of the numerous little placards displayed in the various business places of Watertown which bear the super scription :“Take pride in your home town.” As said before, perhaps you have only seen these posters or perhaps you have read their full contents, but at any rate you have most likely not given them any further thought, since you, being a student and not a resident of this town, are not in such a position to help this good cause in “cleaning up” Watertown along. Never theless if you consider the matter but a moment, you will soon come to a far different conclusion, for you can help this movement alon笑 and that very easily, namely by taking pride in the condition of your own college park. All of you know that our park when kept in the proper condition presents

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one of the finest and most beautiful places in the city. Now then it is your duty, fellow student, to help keep the park in as good a condition as possible. Of course you may say that that is the purpose of our annual Arbor day. But do you want this one “clean up” to suffice for a whole year? You your self will well know that this is not sufficient. After Arbor day has passed, our work and care of the park and lawn is not completed. In fact, this is only the opening day of that season during which we are expected to pay. special attention to the lawn. For this reason it would probably not be amiss to give a few hints in- respect to what should and must be done. In the first place, the pleasant rattling of the lawn mower should never cease to be heard, for there is nothing which looks neater and more attractive than a well-kept, short-clipped lawn. Herein, especially, the students of the preparatory department can do a great deal, since it is customary that they keep the lawn in trim order. Of yet greater importance is this, that every student avoid throwing paper or other waste matter about in the park. It is nothing but a habit and a very offensive one at that. It is especially odious to see a person walk to the center of the parrk and there clear his pockets of waste paper and everything else his pocket may contain, when he might just as well wait until he gets back into his study room and there deposit the things which he does not need in the proper receptacle, i. e., the wastebasket. Finally, we are obliged to call the attention of every student to the fact that the cement walks that lead up to and around our buildings are not merely placed there for show, but that they arc supposed to be made use of. Do not cut across the comers of the lawn, even though three or four sidewalks do run into each other and you can easily gain one from the other by crossing a narrow strip of lawn. After this has been made known, let us hope that it will be strictly observed, although the walks do not at times conform to the old rule that “a straight line is the shortest distance between two points.” If but these few rules are observed, our college park will soon assume a very attractive appearance, and we may thus be of service in taking pride in the town by giving it at least one park which may be pointed out as an example for others to follow. —P. G. E. 本 * THOROUGHNESS. A person who would be successful in life must have, among other fine qualities, thoroughness. He must be thorough in his work, concentrate his whole mind upon it, religiously perform all the petty duties that in themselves seem so unimportant, bring all his abilities to bear upon it, and labor at it until it is completed. He must do one task at a time, but that well. It means fighting to the last, but its gains are perfect work and also success. All mechanics, carpenters, watchmakers and the like, whose profession depends upon their skilled hands, must be able to do their work well if they want to

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succeed. A thorough understanding of business principles is the first require ment for a competent business man. A student who learns his lessons im perfectly and studies in a superficial manner will never be as proficient as he might be; only if he works conscientiously and thoroughly will he make the best of his opportunities. “A little learning is a dangerous tiling^’ ； jt must be thorough in order to be of value. In athletics also a man can bring1 out the best that is in him only thru thorough training. \V e all need thoroughness m our work, whatever it may chance to be. And in the face of adversity thoroughness and perseverencc will insure success in the end. , Many a man with unusual abilities and a promising career failed to “make good” and to fulfill the hopes others set upon him thru lack ot this one qual ity. The greater part of genius is work; hard, thorough work. Rare endow ments, great opportunities, arc of no avail unless the man that possesses them makes the most of them thru tliorouglmess in liis \vo: k. On the other hand, where there is earnest endeavor and carelul ailention, even without much talent or good luck, there will perhaps not be brilliant success, but there will always be a reward, the joy that comes from the knowledge of having per formed a task to the best of one’s ability. —G. M. S. A REFINED CONSCIENCE. What a delightful place this earth would be were everyone to strive to be more fully conscious of his real position and duty in life, and how much it would lend to the common welfare and pleasure of all were each individual to endeavor to refrain from those countless acts of infringement and trans gression on the rights and privileges of his neighbor which only tend to annoy and irritate the latter and which eventually recoil to detract just so much from the enjoyment of the peqjetrator! Most of us are daily guilty of many such actions. We are daily called upon to extend favors or to do little deeds of charity for the benefit of our friends. Why not sacrifice our own selfish and unjust inclinations and comply with the needs and wants of others, since ex perience shows that by doing thus, we derive more advantage and gain than by having but our own end in view ? It is the sinful “ego” which tempts us to do otherwise. We are prompted by jealousy or an unjustified feeling of dislike or obstinacy not to further the interests of even our best friends unless we divine a private gain arising therefrom. Too often it is, indeed, not only a mere favor which we ought to be conferring by way of mutual human love, it is an obligation which it is our sacred duty to fulfill. Why do we then hesitate to follow the arbitrary laws of individual right ? Why do we in the face of censure and requital always fall prey to self-conceit and egoism? It is because our conscience has gradually been blunted. It has become coarse and unrefined. We do not see the troubles and afflictions of our neighbor. All of our ambitions are absorbed in ourselves and our pleasures. Sympathy and regard is hardly

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awakened in us any more. The wise precepts of the golden rule are totally strange to us. This is the direct cause of almost all of the envy, hatred and misery in this world. Of course as long as sin and iniquity are constant fac tors of human life, this state of affairs will never be wholly eliminated. This, nevertheless, does not exclude the possibility of trying. The commendable attempt in itself will not be in vain. We can at least essay to cultivate our conscience and make it more sensitive and susceptible to acts which do not become real refinement and culture. This we can best attain by making it a point to remember that the prime duty of a Christian embodies love toward his neighbor in thought and deed. Let us all make it a point to first look out for his welfare and happiness! Our own will then follow. —E. C. K. Memory is a net; one finds it full of fish when he takes it from the brook, but a dozen miles of water have run through it without sticking.—Holmes. * 本本 There are gains for all our losses, There are balms for all our pains; But when youth, the dream, departs, It takes something from our hearts And it never comes again. 一Stoddard. 本本 * To receive honestly iis the best thanks for a good thing.—G, MacDonald, When a man’s know ledge is not in order, the more he has of it the greater will be his confusion of thought.—Spencer. * 本 To be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of a thousand.—Shakespeare. * * * Great souls are portions of eternity.—Lowell. 傘本 * Those that such simple joys have known Know how to prize them when, they’re gone. —Scott * 木 ♦ What men most covet, wealth, distinction, power Are bubbles nothing worth; they only serve To rouse us up, as children at the school Are roused up to exertion; our reward Is in the race we run, not in the prize. —Rogers.

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THE BLACK AND RED BANQUET. Beneath the refulgent and profuse rays of electrical incandescence, in that same memorable apartment which in the course of winged time has witncssed more than 011c dazzling spectacle and gaudy array, there \vas celebrated on the eve of the twentieth of March that annual festivity which occasion and purpose have wiihin the memory of present clay contemporaries termed the Black and Red banquet. There may have been more gorgeous galaxies or more luxurious gatherings at some time or other in the history of bygone generations, but never was there a spectacle at once so grand, sump tuous, solemn and royal, one which would tend to excite a spirit of cxliilarating enthusiasm and instill a delicious feeling of satisfaction and felicity, as the massive oaken table, exuberantly decked with black and red ribbons, adorned to affluence with the most rare forms of semi-tropical vegetation and replete in every desirable requisite. The number of the privileged lew destined to be tlie partakers of the sundry delicacies of this grand affair was fourteen. The members of the new staff and the departing editors. Promptly at 7:4.5 all were seated in their places. After grace a splendid dinner, the product of the unexcelled skill of Mme. Koeniger, was served in five courses. After having1 clone ample justice to the more important task of supplying bodily provender, different parties, especially the senior editors, responded to the summons of Mr. A. Westendorf, who had been appointed toastmaster. Invahmble advice and mstruction was imparted to the new staff on how to edit a college paper in the most successful way. When the stock of admonitory speeches had run low and the usual rigorous formality and solemnity had been somewhat eliminated by a gradually acquired feeling of ease and familiarity, the more optimistic side of life was dwelt upon. Toasts were proposed and “Lebe Hochs” were

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in. Wit and humor consung. Comic speeches and debates were indulged _ tended against rest and sleep. Finally, however, nature demanded her own. At a late or rather an early hour all betook themselves to bed, satisfied that they had enjoyed a most pleasant diversion and a most bountiful banquet.

LYCEUM, MARCH 6, 1915. J. Henning, master of ceremonies, had arranged the following program: 1. Pleasant Dreams............................................................. W. S. Ripley Brass Sextet. Ferdinand Bassler 2. Der Skilaufer Edward Kolander. H. Darcy 3. The Face Upon the Floor Edwin Winter. .Miss Mitford 4. Rienzi’s Address to the Men of Rome." Carl Schmelzer. Whittier 5. The Three Bells Herbert Schumacher. S. Siegel 6. Aberdeen Waltzes Mandolin, Guitar Trio. Friedrich von Kraze 7. Heike und Mette Theo. Schlueter. Carl Gerok 8. Die Rosse von Gravelotte William Lindloff. Whittier 9. The Vow of Washington Walter Meyer. J. A. Parks 10. Crossing the Bar........... College Quartet. This program was featured by the first appearance of the newly organ ized brass sextet (comet, baritone, bass and three altos). It well deserved the hearty applause which it received. The College Quartet again demon strated its acknowledged skill and power in execution. Of the speakers, Mr. Schmelzer and Mr. Lindloff are especially deserving of praise on account of their good enunciation and the expression which they put into their declama tions. Mr. Drowatzky, as critic, acquitted himself in a very able manner. PHILOMATHEAN, MARCH 13, 1915. On the eve of the thirteenth of March the Philomathhean convened to render a program which turned out to be one of the very best of the whole year. Every speaker deserves praise for expression, modulation and deliv It ery. Mr. Gutzke recited an interesting poem entitled “My Normandy.” T‘ was a translation from the German, in which it was originally written by a French prisoner of war. This prisoner was a professor of German in a school of Normandy before the war. Mr. Glaser and Mr. Olfe very vividly imper sonated the powerful personalities of Washington and Bismarck in their speeches. Mr. Nitz’s declamation was excellently worked out. The musical numbers were also good, the audience being especially captivated by the sing-

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ing of the Sophomore octette, Mr. A. Schweppe acted as critic. Master of ceremonies, S. Baer, had arranged the following program: Thomas Koschat i. Forsaken, Forsaken Sophomore Octette. 2. Washington's Address to His Army.............. Martin Glaeser. Karl Hans Strohl 3. Der Flieger.......... Miss G. Schlueter. French Prisoner of War 4. My Normandy---Walter Gutzke. Robert Southey 5. The Inchcapc Rock O. Gruendemann. Otto von Bismarck 6. On Strengthening the German Army.......... G. Olfe. 7. Think Before You Speak B. Kupfer. K. F. Meyer 8. Das Hciligtum............... KC Nitz.' Fritz Reuter 9. Der 46. Psalm............... Select Chorus. LYCEU3VE, MARCH 20,1915. This program marked the termination of this seasonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s series, It was rendered in a fitting manner. Mr. Vollmcrs perhaps won the highest laurels, not only because he appeared on the program three times, but also because of the excellency of liis renditions and the melodic beauty of his voice. Mr. II. Brandt also deserves mention. His speech, besides being original, was well memorized. Mr. Hahn centered the attention of the audience upon himself during his oration. Mr. S. Baer was appointed critic. W. Zank had arranged the following program: H. I. Petschke i. Neuer Fruhling i Junior Quintette. 2. With what warring power should the sympathies of the U. S. lie. H. Brandt. 3. Our Opportunity in the Orient O. Klaye. G. H. Blake 4. The Friarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Christmas Paul Eickmann. L. Uhland 5. Schwabisclie Kunde Ed. Hahn. 6. 7-

Vocal solo: Listen to the Mocking Bird................. R. Vollmers. C. Fuelling, guitar. The Ride of Jennie McNeal Ed. Lange.

Hawthorne W. Carleton

THE BLACK： AND RED 8. Der Taucher R. Vollmers. 9. Wie Ich die englische Sprache lemte.. J. Henning. io. Duet: Miserere R. Vollmers, mandolin; C. Fuelling, guitar.

F. Schiller

Verdi

AUS DEM SEMINAR. —Gleich nach den Ferien besuchten uns zwei Leute aus der lctztjahrigen Klasse die Pastoren F. Reier, Shirley, Wis” und P. Eggert, Galesburg, Wis.; sie hatten viel Interessantes aus ilirer Tatigkeit im Amte zu erzahlen. —Am 13. dieses Monats wohnten aus unserer Mitte die Herrcn Pamperin und Frohlke dem Begrabnis der Mutter des Herrn Walter Scliuman, unseres Mitschiilers, bei. 一In der Hoffnung, unsem Herrn Prof. Koehler nach Ostcrn wiedcr in unserer Mitte griissen zu durfen, sind, wir g：etauscht worden. Er dart noch nicht aus dem Sanitorium entlassen werden. 一Herr Pastor B. Schlueter, Markesan, Wis., kclirte gelcgentlich bei uns ein und besuchte unsern kranken Professor. —Herr A. Sitz ist wegen Krankheit seines Vaters zu Hause; er gedenkt jedoch im Mai wieder unter uns zu sein. —Herr Pastor P. Pieper sah sich Krankhcits lialber .^enotigt bei dem Seminar um Hilfe anzufragen. Herr Karl Schweppe bediente eine Woche lang die Schule der Gemeinde. —In der Dosfmatik werden wir in diesem Jalire wolil etwas friiher fertig werden. Zum Teil haben wir es der Vervielfaltijjungfsmachine zu verdanken, da wir nun mit einer Vorlage schneller arbeiten konnen. Wir sind an das letzte Kapitel un seres Pensums im Hebraischen angelangt und werden nach Vollenduns： desselben wahrscheinlich Psalmen lesen, wobei alle drei Klasses beteilig^: sein werden. In diesem Jalire haben wir wiederum sehr glucklich sein diirfen. Kein Krankheitsfall ist im ganzen Coetus zu berichten. Moge der treue Hiiter femer bis zum Schluss des Schuljahrs alles Unffleich abwenden. —W. H. ALUMNI. —Arno Hahn, a former member of the class of 1912, died at his home at Collins, Wis. He was a member of the class in the preparatory department. —The wife of Rev. J. Jeske has answered the last summons. Rev. Jeske is a member of the class of 1910, having studied at N. W. C. to his Freshman year. —Rev. F. Stromer died a victim of pneumonia during the month of April. The decease took place at his home at Marinette, Wis. 一Mrs. Schumann, mother of Walter Schumann, ’12, passed away at her home in Watertown.

While perusing the literary column of The Lincolian (Lincoln, 111.), we find that its most interesting article is “The Big Scoop.M This piece of ficti tious literature depicts the obstacles that a newspaper reporter is confronted with while on duty and with what ingenuity he must overcome them in order to satisfy the party involved, his employer, and his own conscience. Contrary to the average journalistic reporter, Bob Wiley can forego an increase in sal ary and choose the other alternative, the promptings of a clear conscience by not divuljjinc： the secrets of a distressed man. Tlic conclusion, besides being too brief, is not consonant with the rest of the story. Bob Wiley’s determina tion did not stand out in relief enough throughout the story and consequently we find in the conclusion that the character of the reporter is altogether dif ferent from tlic character of Bob Wilcv in the beginning. “The Life of the Greeks in Homer’s Time” shows more study than that of the classroom. It jjives those who do not have the opportunity to study the Greek language in the original an occasion to learn tlic habits of Homer’s period from a brief synopsis. The writer clung to cold facts too much. Tlie excessive use of the same pronouns in description gives it an altogether too monotonous and operasc tone. Longer sentences intermingled with the short ones would rem edy this and make the whole more acceptable. You could add more spice to your “Exchanges” by making" the column more tborou.8：h. A hasty criticism on all excliansres received during the month does not do justice to the better ones. The athletic column is especially gfood and seems to have a competent editor at its head. “The Diary of the Basketball Boys While on the Trip” is not an appropriate article for the literary column. Since you have an ath letic column, why not insert articles concerning athletics there ? Why not insert bits of poetry as fillers instead of advertisements? It would add great ly to the appearance of vour paper. The Hastings Collegian (Hastings, Nebr.). one of the first exchanges to arrive at our desk this month, was dedicated to the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.’s The halftones of the cabinets are presentetcl with unique arrans：ement. “Things to Forget,” an interesting poem in anapestic meter, succeeded very well in inculcating a moral. “The Folly of Final Examinations” was present-

THE BLACK AN1> BED ed with sound argument and is without doubt a subject uppermost in a stu dent’s mind. But we cannot quite agree with the writer in the statement that examinations consume too much time on already discussed subjects. Time spent in repetition is not wasted; for, as an old adage has it, Repetitio est mater studiorura. “Germany’s Just Cause” is an article worthy of mention. Lt makes manifest that “Made in Germany” was the remote cause of the war and that the quality so characteristic of the Germans, thoroughness, brought the reprehension for its beginning upon them. The exchange col umn is too brief, as are the class notes. The magazine as a whole is well arranged. An occasional change in the cover desiern of The Scout (Fergus Falls, Minn.), would greatly change the monotony of its outward appearance, This edition, as is characteristic with The Scout, is well balanced. “Criticism of American Fiction,” an extract from the Atlantic Monthly, is a topic of timely interest. More original study, however, would have added to its apprecia tiveness. The writer of “Is Peace Impossible?” “doubts whether peace could be attained among civilized nations.” Does this doubt not overestimate man ? From a present Soloman to the most illiterate and uncivilized portion of hu manity we all hear the stamp of the frailty of man. Until we can thwart ambition, envy, hatred and malice peace treaties with some nations must be re garded as a legal enactment subject to recall. “The Man in Mexico” is above par. The writer was very observant in his travels through the war infested country. Your “Exclianges” show more thought and consideration tlian the iverage. Why not combine your personals and locals and create a separate :olumn for jokes ? An occasional change of cuts at the column heads would greatly add to the progressive spirit of your magazine. The Hemnica (Red Wing, Minn.), lias again honored us with a visit, but we find that throughout the year it has neglected to alter its garb. An occasional change in the outward appearance of a college magazine always portrays the progressive spirit of the editors and the interest that the stu dents take in the official college organ. “His Good Work” graces the first pages of the literary column. Alfred Harris, the principal character, is per suaded to discontinue his studies at the “U.” and enter a Seminary and pre pare himself for the ecclesiastical profession. The story, although well written, lacks the most essential part of a short narrative of this nature—the diversity of characters, ideas, etc., of the principal participants to make a rapid culmination possible. “Alcohol and Its Effects” presents to us facts well known to the populace, but considered by but the minority. A disquisi tion of this sort inserted among the “short story” literary matter reveals the laudable fact that the student is capable of dealing1 with topics other than ficti tious narratives which are found almost exclusively in some exchanges. Your editorials are up to the standard, but we believe that they should not adhere strictly to the affairs of the school alone. The Norwegian column, althousfh its contents are foreign to us, clearly shows the wide-awake interest you have in your mother tongue. An occasional cut at the head of your columns would but slightly alter the arrangement of your paper, but would add greatly to the appearance of it. You are always a welcome visitor.

-rn删 OUR SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Our Sixty-third congress, whose session ended March 4, has been called the “busiest” congress. Altogether it remained in session for 637 days. Since 1895 the first congress that could boast of a majority of Democrats in both houses, it was looked upon with great expectations by that party. It enacted a volume of statutes likewise impressive in mass, scope and variety, many of which are of great importance for the political and economic development of our country. It was also very liberal with money, its total appropriations are more than $2,250,000,000. which is about $130,000,000 more than the appro priations of tbc Sixty-second congress. The most important acts of legislation are the revision of the tariff, the income tax, the new hankimr law. the anti-trust act, the organization of .the Federal Reserve banks and Federal "Reserve board to regulate the operations of the banks, the supply of currency and the rate of discount Several other commissions were created, a Federal Trade commission, whose function from now on is to regulate competition and prevent it from beins： “unfair”： the Interstate Commerce commission with newly increased powers over the rail ways. Congress also passed a naval appronriation bill providincr not onlv for tbc construction of two drcadnotifbts. six destroyers and two fleet srid sixteen coast defense submarines, hut also for an adequate aviation corps and a bureau of operations corrcspondine to the general staff of the army. Congress enacted legislation repcalincr exemption from tolls for American coast wise sbinpinpf in tlic Panama cannl; providinsr for a government railroad to the Alaskan mineral fields: providinsr special internal revenues as a war tax: Saving： American resfistrv to forcifm-built shins, and establishing1 a war risk insurance bureau for American shins. Amonsf the more imnortant measures defeated were the Shin Purchase bill, tbc Jones Philiopine bill, the adminis tration^ Conservation bill, a rural credit measure, and a child labor bill. An immierration bill containing a litcracv test failed of passage over the pre^ident’s veto, and proposed constitutional amendments establishing- nation-wide prohibition and woman sufFraee were defeated. The senate loses the services of several leading men, including Senators Root, Burton, Perkins and Bristow, while Representatives Underwood and Broussard will be members of the new senate. The lower house loses Richard Barthold, while Cannon, Rodenberg：. McKinley, Foss and Longfworth are new members. The Democratic majority will be reduced in the new congress.

THE BLACK AND RED THE FULL-CREW SEAMANS LAW.

One of the very last bills congress passed before adjourning was a new Seaman’s law. This bill is admitted to be an admirable measure from the purely humanitarian point of view. It has the distinction of setting higher standards to promote safety at sea and to bring a degree of economic freedom to American seamen. One of the main provisions of this law requires ships under all flags, leav ing American ports, that are built after July i, 1915，to carry lifesaving equipment for all persons on board, of which 75 per cent, must be regular life-boats and not more than 25 per cent, life-rafts or collapsible life-boats. Various provisions for making the seaman’s life a happier one, cover dcscrtion, kind of labor, food, sleep, air, water, Sunday and other holiday recrea tion, wages, time and manner of payment, living conditions, unnecessary work, cleanliness, punishment, language, recognition of wliat constitutes an alilc seaman, and beginning and expiration of service.” The bill furthermore coiitains a “no arrest of deserters” clause. This means that no foreign ship captain can call upon police officials in any port to arrest deserters from his ship. It also gives every seaman the right to demand ancl receive from the master of a vessel, at any port that the vessel touches, onc-half of the wages which he shall have earned, with the accompanying right of release from contract with full pay if half-pay due is refused. Another provision states that no vessel shall be permitted to depart from any port of the United States unless she has on board a crew not less than 75 per cent, of which in each department thereof are able to understand any order given by the officers of such vessel.” This part was most severely criticised by many, who hold that under such a law competition between American sailors and Oriental sailors would be impossible, where most of the employed cannot speak English and most of the officers have no command of that language. One paper goes so far as to say that congress has handicapped the American trails-Pacific steam ship line against the Japanese line by an imperatively increased operating expense of $800,000 annually. Some hold that the new law will burden the American marine in very much the same way that the full-crew laws burden the railroads, namely, by increasing their expenses without any resulting benefit to employer, the service or the public. It goes into effect in November.

Lives of great men all remind us We can make our life sublime, And departing leave behind us Footprints in the sands of time. Footprints, which perhaps another, Sailing o’er life’s solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again.

•:丨

On March 22 the class of ’18 enjoyed a visit from Oscar Kluck, a former member of that class. On this occasion Mr. Kluck decided to refreshen his memories of the days he lived tlirough at N. W. C. by partaking of our sump tuous midday meal of that clay (Monday!!!). The truth is that he succeeded remarkably. Our friend Earl Baker, Prep., was most agreeably surprised by a visit from his mother on March 21. Erdmaii Pankow, Prep., journeyed to his parental abode on Feb. 19 to attend the functions of his parents’ silver wedding. Belno Lan试e, ’丨8, and Martin Koehler, Prep., visited in- the “city” of Recscville on Sunday, March 14. F. Luettman of Milwaukee called on his son Fred, Prep., March 22. Erich Schultz, Prep., lias discontinued his studies at the institution. He goes back to Guatemala. W. Stucber, Prep., journeyed to his home in the metropolis of Clyman on March 14. Several students attended the concert given; by the Lawrence College Glee club at the Methodist church on March 22. All returned much pleased with the program, which, as usual, was up to the standard of the club. The Lawrence organization is noted as one of the best of its kind in the northwest. Herman Winter, ’18, spent his vacation with a classmate, Ed. C. Lange, at Wonewoc.

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Arnold Sitz，’14, called on Alfred J. Schweppe, *15, on his way home from the Seminary. eared in. the ranks of the Freshman class after a C. Kuske has again appea vacation of about three weeks, which he spent in the College Infirmary, suffer ing a severe attack of pneumonia. He is still a little pallid, but the repeated use of cosmetics will very likely soon restore the healthy complexion he cnjoyed before his illness. P. Lewis, who is touring with the Lawrence College Glee club, called on W. Ziemer, Prep.,, on Monday, March 22, the day that club performed in this city. Ed. Winter, ’18, journeyed again to Ixonia, U. S. A., on March 14, to visit a friend, his cousin Ernst. Walter Meyer left for his home town, Lomira, four days before the close of school to attend the celebration of an anniversary, that of his pastor, who was that day twenty-five years in the ministry. Mrs. E. Reidelbach visited her nephew, Abner Neulin, Prep., during the week of March 21-26. F. Kaiser, Prep., of Chicago, 111., enjoyed big city life for the first time in his career, when he visited in Beaver Dam with Martin Koehler, Prep., March 26-April 5. G. Toepel, Prep., felt himself greatly honored and distinguished on March 13 by a visit from a musician of great renown, Prof. Augustus Lentz, who but a short time ago returned from Europe, where he performed before the royal houses of various countries. The Rev. J. B. Bernthal of Ixonia, Wisconsin, called on his son Leonidas, ’18, on March 24. :沁

On March 9 Raymond Timmel，’18，was sent to Oconomowoc by the Freshman class to report on the condition of their classmate, Victor Otto, who is now recovering from a severe attack of pneumonia. Alfred J. Schweppe，’15, spent part of his vacation in Milwaukee with “Doc” Hoyer, an ex-member of the class of ’17. Hans Press wishes to make known to the general public that the reason for spending his vacation at Northwestern was, that he could not bear to leave the institution that is so dear to him for so long a time (10 days!).

::r

ATHLETICS BASEBALL. As has already been indicated in the preceding number, Northwestern’s basketball season has come to a close and various men have already respond ed to the call for candidates for the baseball team. Daily practice has begun and one may see these men either in the gym or, when the weather permits, out on the campus, playing hylo or having batting practice. We arc seriously handicapped this year, owing to the loss of seven players of the last year's team, namely: Capt. O. Kehrberg, Rosin, Manteufel, Gardell, Nowack, Lewandowski and Kohli. The first four have graduated and the others have failed to resume their studies here. The most serious loss probably is that of Capt. O. Kehrberg and Rosin. The former during the past four years held down the first base position to perfection and for two years piloted the team on to many a victory and a state championship, while the latter, through his unerring throws to the bases and ever alert eye, caught many opponents napping and retired them. Their batting will also be missed. The loss of Manteufel, Gardell and Nowack will likewise be felt, as this com bination with the assistance of ex-Capt. O. Kehrberg was the cause of quite a few double and triple plays that were recorded against opposing teams. The services of Lewandowski, pitcher, and Kohli, outfielder, will be missed, but not so seriously, as there is quite a number of good pitchers and outfield ers on the list of candidates. In spite .of this considerable loss, the coach and the this year’s captain, A. Kehrberg, have not despaired on account of the wealth of good material at hand. With four of the old regulars back, besides the members of last year’s second team and also a number of players who have enrolled just this year, they have all the reason to believe that, with sufficient coaching anci diligent practice, the team will be almost as good, if not as good as the one that represented N. W. C. on the diamond during the previous year. “Joe”

THE BLACK AND RED

Kobs will again try to deceive the enemy’s batters with his four foot drops, upshoots, ins and outs, etc., just as successfully as lie had the custom of doing, last year. With the extra experience gained through summer baseball and strengthened by his winter training, Joe may be counted upon to establish a pitching record or two besides winning his games. As sub-pitchcr, Wcstendorf, former second team captain and hurler, is next on the list. Westie has already shown his ability last spring, when he was credited with a victory over the Wayland Academy team. He bids fair to become one of the main stays of the pitching staff. Two other promising pitchers arc Schumacher and B. Lange, both of whom have given good demonstrations of their hurling in several inter-class games. Tlie men trying for the position as catcher are Bodamer and J. Henning. The former is a new man at Nortlnvestcm and looks as if he had all the requirements of a catcher right in him. The latter did all the backstopping for the seconds last season and he has showed some ability in that line. At first base we will undoubtedly see Koenig, a product of the Watertown High School. Franz ranks as one of the best first basemen in the town and ought to prove a valuable asset to the team, Sccond base is being contended for by only one man at present, namely Medenwald. He will most likely accede to the position of taking care of anything that should happen to make its appearance in the vicinity of the keysrstone sack, as he is entirely at home at this position. At shortstop we will in all probability find Eickmann, since he is about the best man for that position, Vollmers, former utility player, and Lutzke will endeavor to hold down third base and the outfield will be composed of Capt. A. Kehrbcrg, Brandt ancl E. Kolander. It is hardly necessary to mention that the first two of these are the proud possessors of some fine batting eyes, and Kolander, after having im proved his batting a little, will vie with these two men for the highest honors in “hitting the pill on the nose.” Thus, Mr. Student, on perusing the above list, you will find that the team will be not nearly as poor as conditions at first seemed to indicate. With the coach’s invaluable assistance these individuals promise to make up just as good a team as the one that represented N. W. C. last spring. Now, there fore, also show that you appreciate the work of these men, ancl when the um pire calls “Play ball,” let’s hear you respond with the rest in a rousing U RAH RAH NORTHWESTERN!

Things don’t turn up in this world until somebody turns them up.—James A. Garfield. I find the great thing in this world, is not so much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving. To reach the port of heaven we must sail sometimes with the wind and sometimes against it―but we must sail and not drift nor lie at anchor.一Oliver Wendell Holmes.

.: :

I纥一Sunshine.

♦

一Snow.

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—Sunshine. —Snuflf.

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—Gut fiir Magen-Zahn-Augen-Ohren-Kopfweh. * * * 一What is a joke? A joke is a yoke that is put upon the editor of jokes. ♦

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本*

一(Student trying to sing.) Inspector: “Who is makiiing all this noise?” Student: **Nobody, I was just singing.,> Inspector: “Well, if that was singing, we’ll have to excuse it, I thought it was an ox that made the noise.” 本* 本 —Lehrer (Die Hochzeit zu Kana erklarend): “Wer ist die Hauptperson auf einer Hochzeit.” Der dicke Percy: “Der Speisemeister.” 一Prof.: “What is the rule for formal close in letters ?’’ Student: “Put it in parenthesis.” 本傘

—If among the jokes, You find a shoe, Don’t put it on Unless it fits you.

'I'

THE BLACK AND RED

evening without going out, he either had to hire a pianist or marry one, but now he can buy a piano-player and make his valet do the foot-work.” * * * —Co-ed (translating) : “Nullum est animal praetcr hominem.” Es gibt kein Tier ausser dem Menschen. * * * —Misprints: In England they keep peasants (pheasants) in cages for pests (pets). * —Prof, in Zoology: “We will stay with the ducks until next time.” —Prof.: “Stark, bilde einen Satz mit aus.” Stark: “Aus Wasser macht man Stiihm” (steam). 本本本一Tramp: “It’s pretty hard to sleep on an empty stomach.” Farmer: “Why, you poor fellow, why don’t you turn over and sleep on your back for a while?” ♦ 本本 ―*‘That’s but a short stub your smoking ?M “Yes, I know it; that’s the way I always like them, you don't have to pull the smoke so far 1” 一“Say kid, if wind would be music, you’d be a brass band.” “Yes, and you’d be fool enough to listen to it.”一Ex. 本木本一“Onkel, wie wird Signal gescliricben•” Onkel: “Signal wird nicht geschrieben, Signal wird gcblascn.” * * * —She: “I believe that the ladies are better speakers than men. He: “But very often quantity and quality arc interchanged.” * * * —First Student: “I am hoarse and have a sore throat.” Second Student: “Well, then you’ll have to stay in and look out.” First Student: “That’s what I did, I stayed in and opened the window to look out, and then I caught a cold.” 拿** 一Prof.: “Will you please shut up.” Student: “I was not talking, I was just answering.” * * * —Dates are sweet when you eat them, they are hard when you study tliem, and cause trouble when you make them. ♦ 本氺 —**What is your attitude towards mechanical music?’’ “It has but disadvantages.” “Por instance ?,J “In the old days, when a single man liked to enjoy a little music in the

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THE BLACK AND RED

—He: “My ancestors were men who had brains.” She: .‘Then you must have been disinherited.”一Ex. —Prof.: “Was ist die Consecutio Modorum Student: “Die Folge der Moden.” Prof.: Was?” Student: “Nun ja，im letzten Jalir trugen die Damen Hi'ite, die aussalien wic verbogcnc Tablcttc, und jelzt tragen sie Kessel.,> —First gentleman : “My wife talks, talks, talks all the time.” Second gentleman: “You’re mistaken. She must listen part of the time or my wife would not be wiih her so much.” 木

—“What is your little brother crying about?” “He pul a brick under a hat for April Fool, and nobody kicked it. * * * —Fellow Student: , If you like to read And we’ll have two. A joke, cracked on you; Crack one on me 本

—The New Staff. From the Editor-in-Chief wc cannot expect much, coming from some vil lage way out West, he would do better for a rough rider. Pertaining to the Business Manager we liave good hopes, his name re minds us of those people that arc always out for good business. The Advertising- \lanao：er will be alright as lar as the “jumping” from one office to the other is concerned. The Exchanges may now expect the real “brand” from the new Exchange? Editor. The Athletics Editor will surely drive the teams like a flock of sheep into the Black and Red, but he will play the Conn Cornet instead of the Pan’s pipe. The Rebus Omnibus will be cooked in the same old kettle bv the same cook.

As to the College Notes we would advise our readers to buy a latest edi tion of Webster. The Editor of the Locals lately bought a dictionary and he is very likely goin°： to make use of it. Pertaining to the Campus and Classroom column we advise the readers to buy seven-league boots to be able to catch the jokes. 氺

Lowliness is young ambition's ladder—Shakespeare. Nature hath given men one tongue but two ears that we may hear from others twice as much as we speak.—Epictetus.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Introductory________________ Literary_____________________ An Allegory______________ The Haunted Church______ Deutsche Kricgslyrik___ _ Editorials-----------------------------We greet you!_________.... The care of the College Park. Thoroughness____________ A Refined Conscience______ College Notes________________ “Black and Red” Banquet... Lyceum-------------------------Philomathean____________ Aus dem Seminar-------------Alumni----------------------------Exchanges---------------------------De Rebus Omnibus----------------Oar Sixty-third congress----The Full-crew seaman^ Act Locals----------------------Athletics-------------------Baseball---------------Campus and Classroom

2 2 3 6 14 14 15 16 17 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 25 25 26 27 29 2U 81

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MAY May has come, With joy, with songs and fragrent flowers, With zephyrs sweet and balmy showers Dispersed the gloomy cloud that lowers

On man and nature, brought by winter. Come leave your gloom! The Winter too must have its end, To make you happy did God send This blithsome guest, that you may lend Your voice in praises of his goodness. ä¸&#x20AC; W.

□

THE BLACK AND RED Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., May, 1915.

Number 2

MEMORIES.

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It was the thirtieth of May. The sun rose spreading its saffron rays over our beloved country and filling animal and vegetable life with the spirit of spring. But this was not at all singular; for but the preceding clay it had risen with as much and probably greater splendor and had had the same revivifying effect upon man and animals. What made this day differ from the preceding one was that with the advent of dawn all true patriots simul taneously turned their minds towards an event that now marks a great epoch in our political history—the-Civil War, and in connection with this event they wlio had found their temporal resting-place by were reminded of the giving their life to make our country what it is today, and of their foes who had sacrificed their life-blood for their cause and who were as equally convinced of a just cause as were their worthy foes. Although with the rising sun this spirit of patriotism bad filled the heart of every true American citizen, there was one, an old man, in the little town of Lester, to whom this day brought back not so much the memories of a grim war of which he had also been a participant, as memories of a lost friend. He also was astir at the break of day—an unusual occurrence in that small borough. Old a^e and environments had caused him to be drawn into the peculiar path of life on which lie was now traveling. Tradition bad it一for this was the only archive of the village—that this old gentleman of seventy summers adorning the name of William San dells had dwelt in a small hut on the outskirts of the village for twenty-four years together with a boy, Andrew Wilton, whom he had adopted in the seventh year of his sojourn there.

* THE BLACK AND RED

This young lad had succeeded in earning enough money at odd jobs to enable them to gain a livelihood. William though too old to work, pretended to make himself useful by caring for a small patch of flowers .behind their house. He took special pridq in his charge. Each forertOon Would iind him among them encouraging some with water and kind words and’ uprooting others because of their negligence to observe the laws of flowers'. /When.at length the thirtieth-of May ^voulcl appear, he would select such as were, the best and wind them into a wreath and 'sef out With it on a journey over a neighboring hill toward a church some eighty rods distant. v^Andrew had often sought to ascertain the' cause for this1 annual walk, but Ttad never;.suc ceeded in getting a satisfactory answer. Believing it to be the whims and humor of an old man in his dotage, lie ft'evergave it serious thought. V. This morninig w hen Andrew arose, his father asked him to remain at home for tlic •day bccaiisc he needed his assistance. Andrew promptly obeyed. After they had breakfasted, the old gentleman went into the garden with a knife aiid bcp[un to cut off the best of his flowers. Andrew offered his assistance, but William insisted in doing this work himself. His work progressed slowly, but at length lie liad several large bouquets which he wound into a wrcatli and carefully wrapped in paper, preparatory to his annual journey. He purposed to make an exception to his rule this year and take his son along with him, because lie felt that without assistance the journey would he too long for him. At nine o'clock the two set out for. their destination. The mind of one was blank as to their mission, that of the other was filled with recollections of years gone by. William plodded along taciturnly with the basket of flowers under one arm and the strong arm of his son under the other. Though walking was becoming difficult to his father, Andrew could not persuade liim to ride to his mysterious destination. When they were about to walk by an old church, William turned to the right and with a laconic ‘.This way*' iic proceeded to the graveyard. In the remotest corner of the cemetery was a small mound overgrown with grass and over it a small, white marble slab revealing the resting-place of a mortal. The two slowly and silently wound their way through the numerous graves toward this particular corner, and arriving there, the old gentleman gave the basket of flowers to Andrew and .began to pull out a few weeds that had grown upon the jjravc. He then took the wreath from his basket and deposited it on the marble slab. With a tear in his eye and a dull murmur on his lips, he arose from his kneeling position and departed with his escort. The sun which had awakened him so early this morning was already at a high angle when they wound their weary way homeward. About halfway home fatigue overtook William, hastened no doubt by the emotions that the remembrances of the dead caused him. He seated himself upon a rock by the roadside to regain his strength, for lie insisted on walking back the entire wa.v. He had ?at there for a period of fifteen minutes with his head resting upon his liancl when suddenly he lifted it and broke the silence by entering upon a subject which he had never broached before, but which had. been

THE BLACK AND RED

uppermost in his mind to-day—the reason why he paid the annual tribute to the remains of his friend under the cedar tree in the churchyard. “My son,” he began, "listen to me while I'tell you why I always carried my flowers to the grave in yonder churchyard. It was about forty yearji ago when I first met the man whose name we find on the gravestone. For tune threw us together and poverty made us friends. I was a carpenter and he a painter, but after a short time I learned his trade and he mine. Among the various buildings we built is yonder church. After we had finished it, we were engaged to paint it. Accordingly we set to work and in eight days we had finished with the exception of the gable, which we wanted to finish the next day. “The next morning I came earlier than usual, climbed upon the scaffold, and was soon at work painting as best I knew how. I was becoming proud of being able to paint without a boss and soon found myself admiring my work. Soon John came up the ladder and down the scaffold to where I was, his face beaming like the morning sun, just as I was stepping back again to look at my work. He saw my hasty and careless step backwards into certain death, and quick as a flash he clashed his pailful of paint on my painstaking work just as I was ready to set my foot clown in mid air. Not knowing the cause, sprang ahead and was thus saved from certain death. But lie in his anxiousness to save me, slipped on the scaffold and fell headlong to the* ground. When I had collected my thought, I hurried down to him and found him unconscious. With the help of a nciglibor I took him to a nearby house, where he died soon afterwards. We buried him in yonder churchyard and fixed a marble slab over his garve, and it is this grave that I decorate each year with a wreath of flowers.” He paused and again relapsed into a dejected mood. At first Andrew could not venture lo break the silence, but at length he said: “ ’Tis time to go home, father, shall I get you a horse ?’’ “No, I can walk,” was the reply. With this he plodded wearily homeward, self-satisfied that he had again clone his friend a good deed. After the sun had traveled over its prescribed course, bathing the shad owy landscape in its splendor, it sank beneath the Pacific, leaving man to enjoy sweet sleep. Upon a like course travels the spirit of enthusiasm for our soldier is dead to-day. On May thirtieth it reaches its climax annually only to wane again at the close of the day. But not so are the memories of a true friend. They live and die only with death.

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There is no falsehood so vile as the lie spoken i defense of truth : no wrong so harmful as the wrong committed in the name of righteousness. —Wright. 本

♦

We need each other, and by giving much we will receive much. Do the duty which lies nearest thee; which thou knowest to be thy duty! The second duty will already become clearer.—Carlyle.

THE BLACK AND

RED

DANCING LEAVES. i.

Lightly floating, sailing ever, Nothing can their beauty sever. As they gaily dance and play In the lovely days of May, Ever running with the breeze, Fitful gusts of which do seize And compel them with each other Pranks to play, as dear old mother Earth her robes of gorgeous green, Dons to change cold winter’s scene. Tiny buds have opened all, In response to nature’s call, And in brief time’s briefer round Tlicy have grown both hale and sound, Till at length we hear them sighing, I'or too soon they shall be lying ’Neath the sturdy sylvan tree, There for evermore to be. Ever living blithe and free, As ’tis granted them to be, You may see them dance in rhyme, As in blessedness sublime They proclaim their Makers name, Spreading here and there fame, When they send their perfect shade Through the great wide world be made. Birch and elm and poplar too. In whose branches through and through, Little leaflets dance with glee. Making all the world with me Feel the breath of new born spring, While the oriole docs sing, And the robin’s breast so red, Chirps with love to fledglings fed. Still they dance, those lovely leaves, Till the grain is piled in sheaves; Till the summer’s work is o’er And shall make us frown no more. Rut the leaves that never pine, Dancing ever give the si<rn Of the life balm that the breeze Wafts to us, our soul to seize. —L. C. D., ’15.

•40

THE /BLACK AND

RED

THE INVENTOR OF-THE ZEPPELINS.

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The Zeppelins are a complete failure! Their recent raids prove that they are unable to do serious damage! Such is the prevailing opinion of the people in England and France. But this is only the layman's view of the matter. He sees only on the surface, and because no great material damage was done, he jumps at once to the conclusion: the German Government has been throwing money away in building these monster airships. To imagine that very economical German Government sinking vast sums of money into an unknown and doubtful project, however, seems quite impossible. We must therefore look for some other explanation of the apparent failure of the Zeppelins. If we turn to an editorial in some German newspaper on these raids, we shall find stated therein that they were in the nature of test expedi tions to see how the airships would behave when used for oversea warfare, and also to ascertain the effectiveness of the much-praised French anti-air craft guns. The results prove, since all the ships returned safely, that they have fulfilled the highest expectations formed of them. When to this very plausible explanation is coupled the German love for thoroughness and the record of superb mastery of the air and its secrets, together with the wonder ful achievements attained by the Zeppelins up to the beginning of the war, we cannot but ask in horror: what will the Zeppelins do when they attack England or France in earnest ? We may have the answer to-morrow. But behind this dreadful question lies the wonderful history of the man who conceived the idea of building these great dirigibles which bear his name. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin was born near Constance, July 8, 1838. He is of noble ancestry, being a descendant of JTugo von Zeppelin, who in the year 1246 founded the village Zeppelin in Mecklenburg. Thus the pres ent Count, though popularly known throughout Germany as “der Luftgraf,M is by inheritance a “L^anclgraf.” His mother, from whom he probably inher ited his genius for engineering, was the grandaugliter of a French Huguenot of rank and scientific attainment, who came to Constance from Genoa, baving received a crown grant from Joseph of Austria. This grant consisted of a peninsula separated from the city by a canal on which was a disused Domi nican convent, which he transformed into a combination home and cottonfactory. Here it was that the future “air count” was born. Near his birthplace and but a short distance from Lake Constance, the scene of his future splendid achievements, the Count’s father acquired the beautiful little castle and park of Giersbcrg. Here the Count spent his boy hood days. He had a private tutor who taught him, besides German, mainly geography and natural sciences, for which the young Count had a particular bent. When he was fifteen years . of age, Zeppelin left bis paternal home and entered the war-school at Ludwigsburg. !A little later he entered the army. After serving a short time lie returned to his studies, taking： a short course at the University of T iibing：en. He then was appointed ambassador from Wiirttenberg to Berlin, which position he held two years. But his restless

; THE BI/ACK AND RED

spirit craved for adventure and so he turned his steps to America, intending to investigate conditions in the Civil War. He obtained permission from General Grant to move at will within the Federal lines. But this did not suffice. He fought with the Union soldiers, exposing himself recklessly to the fire of the Confederates. He also ascended a captive balloon, which is considered one of the most dangerous professions in the army. After the war he joined two Russian officers with Indian guides on an expedition to discover the source of the Mississippi river. The party almost perished of hunger. Now follows a period in Zeppelin’s life which is characterized by many foolhardy adventures. Before leaving America he swam the Niagara rapids simply in order to get a better view of the Falls.- Later, when he returned to Germany, he joined his countrymen in the war against the north German states. On returning from a scouting expedition he swam a torrent, though lie could easily have found a ford, and was almost drowned. Shortly after this, during arm) maneuvers prior to the Franco-German war, Zeppelin attempted to jump a wide and deep ditch with his horse. He missed the bank, however, and might have been killed had he not had the presence of mind to vault over the horse's head. At the beginning of the war he had another narrow escape. He was put in command of a scouting party. On reaching the edge of a dense forest in Alsace, his patrol was surprised by a large number of French cavalrymen; Zeppelin alone escaped. And now conics the memorable siege of Paris, where Zeppelin for the first time cast a serious thought on the possibilities of aerial navigation. As he lay in the trenches, his imagination was quickened by the sight of French mail balloons leaving the beleaguered city and passing safely over the German lines. Right then lie laid plans for future experiments. By 1890 his inven tions were well planned. But in this year the Count, who was now a majorgeneral, was abruptly dismissed by the government, because he, a cavalryman, who ought to have the improvement of the cavalry at heart, was paying too much attention to the study of aeronautics. Zeppelin was not in the least disheartened, though greatly mortified, by this injustice, and from then on devoted his entire time to the realization of his idea, an idea as simple as it was great. It was the idea of making a ship sail the air, as a ship sails the sea. The years that lay between the conception and the fulfilment of this great idea belong now rather to history than to the life of Zeppelin. His whole fortune went into his experiments. The first two ships were failures, both being destroyed. The Count now was ready to give up; for his money was all gone. But fortunately there was one person who had faith in his scheme. That person was his wife. Sacrificing a val uable piece of property which she had inherited, the Countess gave her hus band all the money derived from this sale, thus enabling the Count to build another ship. By 1906 the third Zeppelin was ready. This was Count’s lucky ship. The new monster flew fast and steered perfectly and there were no more accidents. Unfortunately, however, the Count’s brother Eberhard, who had rendered him invaluable assistance in his work, died in the midst of this triumph. But from that time on success followed success. The German

THE BLACK AND

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Government, which had hitherto refused Zeppelin money, now offered him millions to carry out his plans. New airships were built which performed incredible achievements, until now air traffic is a commonplace, and great air ship factories and modern dockyards with their priceless secrets, stand as monuments to the “air count,” while he is himself a national idol. To-day the Germans are building a great fleet of giant airships, number ing—the reports vary一from 50 to 150. These ships, it is said, arc being assembled secretly somewhere in Germany ready at a moment's notice lo invade either France or England. Count Zeppelin himself, thoug'h he is now nearly 77 years old, will direct the attack. What will happen, will be answered before this dreadful war is over; for one thing is certain, namely, that Germany means to strike with her Zeppelins and strike hard. —F. D. B., ’16.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHARLES I. IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH CONSTITUTION. Hardly has any reign of any English monarch so great a significance for the development of English constitution as that of Charles I. During the reign of the Tudors (1483-1603) the power of the king bad reached its height: but hardly had this family left the throne in the hands of the Stuarts when things began to go backwards. The Tudors succeeded in freeing themselves to a great extent from the restraint imposed of old by the Parlia ment upon the king: the Stuarts brought things to such a pass that what Parliament wanted, the king had to submit to, and that the king1 is not more than a mere figure-head in the hands of Parliament. Tlic reign of Charles I was a total failure. He promised much, both to the regents of other countries and to his own subjeets, but was unable 16 keep all of these promises. At the time of his marriage he promised the king of France, that, for the bride’s sake, Henrietta Maria, be would not prosccule the Catholics in England. When, however, the question of religious liberty was hroupln up in Parliament, Charles promised Parliament that he woukl not tolerate the Catholics in England. This gave rise to enmity between the kino： of France and his son-in-law, ancl this stirred up the old trouble between France and England, and Charles was obliged to carry on war with the former, although he could not gain the consent of Parliament to (lo so. His father, James I, had been at war with Spain and France both but died before settling the trouble with either of these countries. Charles could get no money from Parliament, but managed to get the ncces«arv means with help of his great adviser, the Earl of Buckingham, to put a licet to sea which was to sail for La Rochelle. But before he got very far in this undertaking, Buckingham, to whom he had cnlrusted the commandcrship of the fleet, was assassinated (August, 1628). This robbed the king of a great help. Parlia ment still was staunch in their decision of not to grant the king any aid in his undertaking, and the king, thinking1 that he could get along without it. dissolved it, and reigned eleven years without one. During this time, how-

THE BLACK AND KED

ever, he found great advisers and assistants in Lord Strafford and ArchIt was about this time that Charles tried to force the new prayer book bishoy Laud. . upon the Scots, but these refused to accept it. Charles rose in anger at this, and with the assistance of Strafford, raised an army, and set out to the north. But tlic Scots were prepared. They met the king’s forces at Newburn on the Tyne, and totally defeated them (August 28, 1640). Strafford did not venture to advise tlic prolongation of the war with such an army, and Charles saw himself forced to call Parliament. This Parliament was soon more mighty than the king, and with it the enmity between the king and Parliament was brought in. Charles wanted various things, but Parliament did not care to grant these till the king would submit to their proposals. Parliament also wanted to call the king to account, but did not venture to attack him as yet, and therefore called his ministers to trial. A bill of attainder was passed against Strafford by both houses, and the great statesman ceased to influence the affairs of this world. Archbishop Land was also tried, InU put into the tower, where he remained till 1644, when lie was again tried and executed. Witli the execution of Strafford, the civil war virtually began in England. The king could not act on his own authoritv am. more. Everything he wanted had to pass the hands of Par liament :for both Parliament and the people felt that they could not trust their king. This led to the Grand Remonstrance, which was brought up against the king in 1641, and submitted to him in January, 1642. This, aroused the king, and he took drastic measures; lie sent his Attorney-Gen eral to impeach five of the leaders of the commons before the House of Lords. Parliament and the king were now bitter enemies, and neither cared to give \va\- to settle the trouble. This was the immediate cause of the civil war. Tlic king set up his standard at Nottingham (August, 1642)，and summoned all loyal subjects to his aid. At Eclgchill the king's forces met the parliamentary army, commanded by the Earl of Essex. Essex retreated slowly, Charles at his heels. On November 12, the king was at Brentford. London was in imminent danger, but was heart and soul in the contest. Skippon took command of the city’s forces, and joined Essex. All day long on the 13th the armies stood facing one another. Finally the king blenched and ordered a retreat, and lost his last trick. Here Cromwell came in, who till now had gathered a regiment of which England could be proud. During 1643 the war dragged on without any decisive success on either side. In the following year the army was reorganized and called the New Model. Cromwell as Lieutenant-General was at the head of this. On the 14th of June this army met the king's forces at Nasebv, and the king was beaten to utter ruin. Montrose, one of the few of the king’s friends, started to Scotland to arouse the Scots in behalf of the king, but was unsuccessful. Charles now saw that kingship was impossible except on his enemies’ terms, and entrusted himself to the Scots, who took him to Newcastle. Meanwhile, Cromwell with the army, was trying to make terms with Parlia ment, for the army, as it was now, was by no means a fighting body only, but also had certain views on religious topics. Propositions were drawn up by

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Parliament and submitted to the king. Charles had no intentions to answer these, and did not. This aroused the Scots, and they intimated to Parliament that they would surrender the king and leave England as soon as their campaigii expenses would be paid. This Parliament did; the Scots left England and the king was in the hands of the Parliamentary commissioners. The army, hearing of this, thought otherwise. They did not feel safe with the king in the hands of Parliament. They gained possession of the king’s person and took him to Newmarket. The army was now in power, It drew up certain propositions, calling for complete religious liberty for all except Roman Catholics, and submitted these to the king. This proposition would have settled all disputes between the king, army and Parliament, but the king, not wanting matters settled' so quickly, withdrew and fled to the Isle of Wight. This aroused the Scots, and in a secret treaty they promised to fur nish the king with an army, to bring him back to the throne. In 1648 an army of Scots crossed the border. Cromwell, not caring for more trouble, hurried northwards. After a three days’ battle the Scotch army \vas swept out of existence. In the meanwhile, Parliament carried on negotiations witli the king, but the king，as it was his nature, argued much, but concluded little. When Cromwell returned from the north he determined to put an end to this. He did not trust Parliament and again gained possession of the king's person. When Parliament saw this, they declared for reconciliation with the king. The following morning.，December 6, was the morning of Pride’s Purge. Ninety-six members were turned away from Parliament, leaving about fifty to sixty in office. This house was sure to be compliant. The army demanded that the king be brought to trial. On the first (lay of the new! year (1649), a High Court of Justice was appointed for the trial of the king. On the 20th of January. 1649, the trial began. The king was asked to answer his charge, but refused to do so, not acknowledging the authority of the court. After a lengthy trial the king was sentenced (January 27). On the 30th the sentence was carried into execution. "Now that Charles was gone, the English constitution was completely altered. For eleven •years the people practically governed tlicmselvcs. It is true, the Stuarts were given another trial, but it was a disappointing failure. In 1689 Parliament again changed the constitution. From now on England is a “crowned republic,” in which the king reigns, but does not govern. " —F” ’16. 1：.

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THE PLEASURES OF AN IMAGINATION. There are two worlds of which the one, Tho less in worth, is universal. Begat when sin o’er truth had won, It thus became man’s innate parcel. With weal and woe in equal balance The coniines of this world envelope All struggles tending toward existence, Buoyed up by life's chief comfort—hope. It is the common trodden measure That frets its way from stage to stage, Indulging but in sensuous pleasure, With earthly gain ambitions gauge. Esoteric and more exalted, The second world belongs to few. ’Tis Fancy's ^ift, and thus unbounded To heaven itself extends its view. Sustained and fed by education, Imagination, Fantasy, Witli pure and unaffected Wisdom Establish its identity. All, rests there in earth's darkest archive A sweeter or a costlier treasure ? Can man from other source derive A greater, more empyreal pleasure? True Wisdom stands alone on high; Tis solitudes sweet recreation; ..… Immortal seen thru mortals eye; Love labor’s noblest compensation. And blessed he, to whom ’tis given, Whose thots may travel Fancy’s range. He lasteth of the joys of Heaven Which to the conimon flock are strange. But lo, temptation here cloth lur6! Too many here fall prey to fraud, Forgetting that earth's greatest treasure Is nothing as compared to God. 一K.，’17.

THE BLACK AND

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RALPH NICKLEBY.

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Ralph Xickleby, one of the most striking characters of.Dickens’ ^Nichosal Nickleb)%’’ was a man who entertained no feelings of kindness and good will toward any man and on no occasion did he crave for their company. If the good and bad in him could have ever been scaled, the balance would be entirely in favor of the latter for there was, in fact, no good to counterpoise the bad. . Ralph was a man whose whole life was devoted to money-making, His outward appearance alone seemed to proclaim the shrewd, cold money-maker. Neither his powdered hair, nor all other contrivances to make himself look benevolent, produced the intended effect. Me could not conceal his cold rest less eye or the hard-fealured lines of his face, and his whole appearance be trayed his villainy. Money occupied his thoughts so much that he entirely forgot his brother, ley were poor, so he purposely put them from in fact all of his relations. Thc> his mind so as to escape any opportunity of being helpful to them in financial matters. How much lie valued money can be seen by his treatment of Kate, the one person whom he showed any kindness in his whole business-life. On a few occasions the possession of Kate’s presence and friendship seemed to him to surpass even the possession of gold. “I almost like the girl---------- . If the boy were drowned or hanged, and the mother dead, this house should be her home. I wish they were with all my soul.” But such reflections were only momentary. A very slight circum stance was sufficient to banish them from his mind, at least they did take a decided turn when thoughts of money mingled with them. He used Kate, as he himself said “as a matter of business” to contract her to a rich scoundrel in order to fill his own coffers. Had not the love for money taken root so deeply in his heart, Kate might have been a cause for a change in him. When he had thrown her into the clutches of Sir Mulberry, he said, “I wish I had never done this. And yet it will keep this boy (Sir Mulberry) to me, while the- e is money to be made. Selling a girl—throwing her in the way of temp tation, and insult, ancl coarse speech. Nearly two thousand pounds profit from him already, though. Pshaw! match-making mothers do the same thing every day.” What loss of money meant to him, he said -himself, ^Nothing could have moved me like the loss of this great sum—nothing—for births, deaths, marriages, and all the events which are of interest in most men, have (unless they are connected with gain or loss of money) no interest for me.” Anything in connection with money remained indelible in liis mind. When，Arthur Gride tried to recall a recollection of Mr. Bray’s person to RalphJs mind, nothing： could freshen up that 'vortliy’s memory. Then Arthur finally hit upon an idea, “Why lie owes you money,” and the recollection came to Ralph’s mind like a flash of liglitning. Tli.c natural result of this eagerness for monev was, of course, that Ralph ^Iew immensely rich, and like all misers he tried to conceal his opulence. He would often hide “the steel hand beneath the velvet glove. When he

THE BLACK AND RED

invited his beautiful niece Kate to his house that, she might be tricked by Lord Verisopht and so serve his purpose of getting money from him, he affected kindness and put his haughtiness into his pocket. In order to per suade Sir Mulberry to seek revenge for the puishment he had received at the hands of Nicholas, Ralph exaggerated and intensified the \vhole affair before him with remarkable skill. In the case with Arthur Gride he also showed his slircdwess in attaining tlic end he wished for. He knew Arthur s weak point and therefore niade use of it skillfully to get a large sum of money. He was anxious that Arthur Gride succeed in his plan to marry a fortune because Arthur’s interests were in close connection with his own. Therefore he again artfully sought to attain the end which would fill his pockets. When the possibility of. Squeers’ confession endangered his head, or at least his pocket, lie masterfully assured Squeers that he was in no danger and had no reason whatsoever to confess. He also kept his trade as usurer secret. Nobody who did not transact business with him knew his profession, not even his next neighbors. His coldness and unkindness served to keep people aloof. No one welcomed his friendship and lie, in his turn, welcomed nol)o(ly’s. Ilis heart was “beating only as a piece of cunning mechanism, and yielding no one throb of hope, or fear, or love, or care, for any living tiling.” Not one kind tlioiifjlit was present in his mind toward his nearest relation. When his brother died and left a poor widow, who asked some little help from him, lie uttered liis opinion thus, ..My brother never did anything for me, and I never expected it: the breath is no sooner out of his body than I am to l)c looked to, as tlic support of a great hearty woman, and a grown boy and girl. Wliat are they to me! I never saw them.” He hated formality. lie always spoke haughtily and precisely to the point. Common, everyday occurrences did not interest him, he always had weightier matter at heart—money. He revealed his coldness with these words, ’.Is slic ready, and not likely to delay us bv any young-ladylike weaknesses—fainting and so forth ?，’ This he said when that charming younjrgirl, Madalinc I»ray, the victim of his and Gride’s treachery, was about to ruin her life by marrying that wily miser, Gride. The scheme for this marriage showed the treacherous and villainous char acter of Ralph. When hearing of his nephew's, Nicholas’ accident, his heart thirsted for some information that might proclaim him dead or mortally wounded, his gleaming eves ad eagerness betraying his violent hatred. To atone for the weakness of inclining- to any one person, he held it neces sary to hate some other more intensely than before. His letter to Gride just before the intended union of Gride with Madaline showed that he main tained not the least compassion for anyone. When he thought that Mr. Qiceryble hinted at the death of Nicholas, he again revealed liis degraded villainy with the words, “You don’t mean to tell me that her brother’s dead? No, that’s too good. Fd not believe it, if you told me so. It would be too welcome news to be true.” Very seldom, however, did his wrath run away with him in this way.

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He was a man who could craftily conceal his thoughts and feelings; it 'v.as nothing short of stoicism. Taking one instance out of many: when the wily -'the greatest Gride 、told him' of his purposed marriage, he could not, with iv effect . effort, detect any effect his plans might have on 一 Ralph,, “Whatever it really did produce upon him, he permitted none to manifest itself.” And . if he would sometimes be surprised and lose his composure, he could easily regain it. When he and Gride were persuading Bray to give up nis daughter to Gride, and she suddenly made her appearance in their midst, the effect upon Ralph was “almost as brief as it was sudden ancl lie was the first to recover himself.” It seems peculiar that whenever Ralph talked to one of liis worthies about his plans, otii'cr than pecuniary, he did not try in the least to conceal bis degraded thoughts. When speaking to Sir Mulberry, he plainly told hini that he had lured his niece to bis house “as a matter of business” to tliro'v her into the arms of Lord Frederick. He was always full of schemes and would put llicm into practice only after long： premeditation. But whenever lie soujjlU to satislv his vindictive feelings he would lose all self-control and act without due consideration of the odds against him. Revenue robbed him of his judgment. When seeking to revenge Nicholas he rashly fell a brooding of some insidious scheme, and tried to bring; it into effect, regardless of all adversities. And as fortune seemed more ancl more to bid him farewell, lie thought of notliincr but revenue, it was the only recompense for the loss of his money. After the loss of ten thousand pounds of which he suspected Nicholas to be the cause, he spoke thus: “If he had brought it about—I almost feel as if he had,—I could not Jiate him more. Let me but retaliate upon him, by degrees, however slow一 let me but begin to get the better of him, let me but turn the scale—and I can bear it.” Thus matters grew worse and worse for him. But the more danger hovrre'd over his bead, the firmer and more obstinate he was. “Now come what may,” lie cried when all luck seemed to forsake him, “for the present I am firm and unshaken.” And although lie was practically at the end of liis rope lie still put a cold and refractory face on all misfortune. Ancl then when the final blow struck him, and the disclosure of the treachery he had practiced on liis own child, he perceived too late that he was lost. Being： asked what reparation lie could make for his perfidious act he spoke thus: ^'Nonc. ?cntlcmen, none! I have none to make, and nothing; to hope now. I am old in years, and older still in misery and care. This confession can bring： nothing upon me but new suffering and punishment, but I make it, and will abide by it whatever comes. I have been the instrument of working out this dreadful retributioiv upon the head of a man who, in the hot pursuit of his bad ends has persecuted and hunted down his own child to death. It must descend upon me too. I know it must fall. My reparation comes too late: and, neither in this world nor in the next, can I hope ag：ain!” But one tender thought, or one of natural regret, in liis whirlwind of passion and remorse, was as a drop of calm water in a stormy maddened sea. Thus seeing that everything was crumbling and falling upon him, that

THE BLACK AND RED

his plans had all failed, that all had turned from him, that his schemes were all discovered, that he himself was in danger of severe punishment, he was driven to despair and ended his miserable existence with suicide. We can summarize and say that Ralph “was a stem, unyielding, (logged, and impenetrable man, one who cared for nothing in life, or beyond it, save the gratification of two passions, avarice, the first and predominant appetite of his nature, and hatred, the second.”

EIN UNERWAHTETER BESUCH. • Es war ein schoner Mai tag. Die Sonne schien praclitig, unci kein Wolkchen war am Hi mm cl zu sehen. Die Uhr hatte geradc zwolf gesclilagen. Die Familic E, wohnliaft in cincm unserer westliehen Staatcn, unrl hatte sich cben um den MiUagstiscli vcrsammclt. Dcr Vatcr war licute nicht zu Ilause, cr war zur Stadt gefahren. Das fiinfjahrige Hanschcn, das sonst neben ihm sass, nalim licute scincn Platz cin; dann ging cs rie Reihe lierum. Erst kani I Jcinricli, claim Fritz, dann die Grossimitlcr itnd zulctzt die Mutter mit.dem zweijalirigcn Grctchcn auf dem Schossc. Sic liattcn cljcn (lie Mahlzcit beendij^t, da fiiig dcr Hun cl an zu bellen. “Was,” sagte die Mutter verwundert, “sollen wir licute nocli Besuch bekommcn ? Wir waren geradc in dcr Lagc dazu! A lies liegt kunterbunt durchcinander, und nocli so viclc Wasclie ist z« waschcn und zu biigcln! kli liab’ cuch ja gcsagtM rief H.Hnschen “als mein Messer vom Tisclic ficl, wir bekommen heute nocli Besuch. Ilir liabt aber nur iiber niich .cfelacht, wie ininicr, jetzt、vir(l sicli’s cinmal hcrausstcllcn, class cs docli damit ctwas auf sicli hat. Dcr Iiund fing immer heftiger an zu toben. Auf cinmal klopftc cs drausscn. Das war cin Zeichen, class cs niemand von den Nachbarslcuten war: den dicusc klopftcn nic an. “Gcli’ ciner,’’ sagtc die Mutter zu den Knaben, und oflfnc die ’l'iir.” Heinrich sticss Fritz an. Geh’，” sajrte cr, “du bist clcr altcrc.M “Ncin,” entgcq：ncte jener, **clu kannst besser English als jeh, falls cs cnglischc Leutc sind.” Ilcinricli ging mit leisen Schrittcn zur Tur und offnette sie. Zu seincm j^rossen Erstauncn sail er zwei Frauenspcrsonen vor. sich stehen von zicmlich dunklcr Gcsichtsfarbe: sic Irugcn Kleider von alien Farben des Rcgcnbogcns, liatten furchbar grosse Schiirzen umpebunden, und als Kopfbedcckung diente ihnen ein rotes Taschentuch, in das. sie in jede Eckc einen Knoten，gebumlcn hatten. So etwas hatte Hein rich-in. seinem Leben nocli niclit geschcn. Sic fingen an zu ihm zu sprcchen, aber. das war Gansegeschnatter fiir ihn. “Koinmt’ .raus,” rief er in die Stubc, “ich weiss nicht, 'vas das fiir Geschopfe sind.” Die anderen kamen alle heraus. Die Mutter musste sich aber sofort wieder entfernen : denn Gretchen war furchtbar bange _ vor den Fremden. Sie liattc solche Furcht bekommen, das sie zwei Wochcn lang nicht alleine aus dem Hause ging. Hanschen zeigte sich als ein ganz anderer Kerl: er fing gleich an, ihnen nachzuaffen. Hatte die Grossmamma ihn nicht

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zurechtgewiesen, so liatte cr sogar seincn kleincn Spitz auf sie gehetzt. Hein rich war der Mutter in die Stube gcfolgt. Er liatte ctwas von Grctchcns Natur an sich. Er trostete sicli aber damit, (lass Fritz alter wjire als cr und sovicl von der fremden Spraclic vcrstelic wic cr. Sogar scin bisclicn Latein und Griechisch, das er wusstc, half ilim hicr nichts. Dicse Spraclic war ihm unbekannt. Er kam sogar zu dem Urtcil, class es aucli weder Hcbraciscli noch Franzosisch sein konnte. Die Grossmutter liatte sofort in den Frauen Zigcuncrinncn erkannt. Ich kenne sic von der altcn Heimat her,” sagtc sie, “cs sind eclitc Bcttcllcute; hutet cucli mir vor ihnen! Sic stelilcn wic die Rabcn, wenn sie nur ctwas envisclicn konnen, sogar klcine Kinder nelinicn sie mit.” Die Zigeuncrinncn schnattcrten in einem fort und widerholtcn schcinbar immer clicselben Wortc. Das einc Wort hatte einen Anklang an unscr deutschcs Wort Hafer. Es kam ahnlicb heraus wie “Huu、ver.” Fritz starrtc, bald die Grossmutter, bald die Fremden an; auf einmal sag^te er: Die wollcn Hafer. Wir werden ihnen ja ein Busch el odei. zwei geben konnen, wir haben ja noch zicmlich viel.” Mit dicsen Worten trat er zur Tiir hinaus. Da sclilang (lie cine von (ler linken Seite ihren Arm um seine Schultcr und die andcrc von dor rcchtcn. Walirscbeinlich nicht so vicl aus Licbc Zll ihm, als viclmclir, class cr nicht auskneifen sollte, falls cr es mit der Angst kricp^tc. So ging* cs der Scheune zu. Es muss in deren Mittc zicmlich unbcliaglich gewesen scin. I lanschcn schaute ihnen nacli und laclHc: “Grossmamina,” schric cr, *4schait! oinmal, wic die den Fritz so licb haben. Was ist der Fritz docli fiir cin Escl, class er sich das gefallen lasst! Ware ich nur so gross wie cr, mir wurden sic cs nicht tun.” Als sie bci der Scheune anlangten, merkte Fritz, class nocli cin halbcs Dutzend kleiner Madchcn und Knaben gcfolgt waren. Er olTnclc die Tiir, und nun ging es iiber den Hafcrhaufcn her. A lies, was I liindc liatte, scharrto Hafer ein. In einem Nu liattcn sic scclis Sackc gcfullt. “Das geniigt，’’ sagte Fritz angstlich. Sie baten, nur nocli einen Sack fiillen zu durfen, clabei holten sie aber drei hervor und fingen an, sie y.w fullcn. Ja, ciuer der klcincn Knirpse ergriff spater noch einen vierten. Da sagtc Fritz: **Jctzt ist cs aber genug!’，ergriff den Sack und warf ihn in die Ecke mul leerte zwei von den andern aus. Nun sclilcpptcn sic ill mi Hafer heraus. Die Siickc entliielten aber noch nicht genug. Die zwei Wcibcr fiilUcii ilire grossen Scliurze, von denen cine jede ctwa zwei Busch el fasstc. Fritz riegcltc (lie Tiir hinter ihnen zu, als sie herausgingen, da fing darinnen jemand furchtbar an zu schreien. Er maclit auf, da sail cr, dass er einen kleinen Jung：cn eing：eriegelt hatte, der ganz oben auf dem Haferhaufen sass und seinen Hut fiillte. Den liess er aber nicht so herraus, cr musstc den Hut ruhig auslccrcn. Der Zigeunerzug bestand aus drei Wagcn. Die Manner batten wahrend diese Szene ilire Pferde getrankt. Einer fulir nun hcran und lud den Hafer auf. Er liatte sich sehr gefreut iiber die vielen Sacke, aber ein rcincs Gewissen hatte cr offenbar nicht. Er sail sich immer so verstohlcn um und legte seine Peitsche garnicht weg. Man sollte meinen, die Zigeunerinnen waren nun befriedigt gewesen, aber nein, sie gingen zuruck zur Kiiche und da war

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niemand als das Hansclicn mit seincm Spitz. Als sie die Schwelle betreten wollten, ricf Hanschen nur: “Pack sie, Spitz,” und das Ding fing ganz rar*end an zu tobcn und packte die eine beider Schurze, auch der gross Phylax fing an zu knurren : da machtcn sic sich aber auf die Socken. So cndigte dcr unerwartete Besuch, der recht unangenehm war, besonders fur Fritz. “Was wird der Vater sagen, wenn er hort, wie viel Hafer ich verschenkt habc ? Oder was wcrden die Kameraden sagen, class ich mich von Frauen so bcschwindeln licss ?f, Dies waren Fragen, die ihm den Nachmittap： unangenehm niaclitcn. Der Vater sagte nur: durch Erfahrung wird man klug. Und seine Kameraden, die haben sich noch viel weniger mannhaft benommen. Einem nalimen sie namlich sogar den Rock vom Leibe, und cin andcrcr vcrschloss (lie Tiir, als cr sie kommen sah. —T. B”，i6.

JUNE 18, 19，20 are the best chances to show how much you are interested in your Alma-Mater. Don’t let the chance slip! Bring your family and friends and help us make our Alma-Mater’s fiftieth birthday a rousing one! =

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern College.

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Our venerable Alma Mater is fifty years old. She has passed through fifty years of trials and Storm, through fifty years of work and care. She Jias devoted all her time and energies in giving her children the best of nour ishment, in fitting them out with the best material to make their life one of

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success. Now she can look over the ones that have left her fold with satis faction. She has done for them what was in her power and has had good results. In consideration of all the benefit wc have derived from her care, this event must be made a memorable one. Her birthday must be celebrated as becomes dutiful children, that can appreciate the care and love with which a mother watches over her offspring. Nothing must be left undone that can in any way reimburse licr for her care. We must all be there, when the event comes to pass. You must be there, your friend should be there. There should be a large family reunion, where wc can join in the praises of our Alma Mater with one mighty accord. Let’s drop tlic worries of our own business for once and give our Alma Mater a thought. Let’s consider all the good we have derived from her. And after wc liavc revelled in pleasant memories, let’s pack up and visit her once more. There we'll meet brothers and sisters who have been wellnigli forgotten, and the pleasure of meeting them once more will be all the greater. And then all join in a mi.qlUy chorus: Hail to Thee, our Alma Mater! MAY. Once again has llic most pleasant season of the year visited us and placed tis amid a profusion of flowers and blossoms. Old man Winter finally had to leave and make way for kind, bountiful May. The whole world responds. One touch of the soft zephyrs and every shrub brings forth its blossoms and every bird sings its sweetest song1. Man, too, feels himself free and light; lie finds that this world is a grand old place, anyway, despite its doleful appearance when winter reigned. The verdant fields and bright blossoms once more proclaim the bounlv of their Maker. Each bird is a harbinger of Ilis jjood will to man. Slill this joyous season is all too short. Nature must soon divert herself of her bright garment and assume the more somber color of labor. She has bad her joy, now she must apply herself once more to the task which her Maker has set for her. Our May is our school Hfc*. Here wc must acquire our foundation, the blossoms from which fruit must follow. This opportunity to put forth blossoms is short, too sliort that anv minute of it dare be wasted . Every man has but one j\Iay, but one opportunitv to build a foundation. Let’s improve it! • • • —A. F. W. MEMORIES. Decoration Day is a clay of fondest memories to the American people. It brings memories of a severe war that lias passed, memories of a nation pre served, memories of a brotherhood re-established, and memories of a noble end attained through sacrifice and self-abnegation.

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THE BJLAOli AND

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America feels satisfied. She has done her task and done it well. She lias effectually reunited two belligerent brothers. She has placed all her citizens on an equal basis and extended a friendly hand to all. Now she can face all the world with a spirit of unity and strength. Well should the memories of Decoration Day be pleasant to her, for they arc memories of a task well done. Memories of a task well done! Perhaps nothing is as pleasant as such memories. They are the blessing, the meed of those who have conscientiously done their work, who have fulfilled the work placed before tlicm as citizens and Christians. But memories of tasks left incomplete, of failures, are vexa tious and unpleasant. They fill the heart with disgust and tend to discourage. They make life a dreary one. The deeds of today are tlie memories of tomorrow. If the deed was well done the memory of it will be pleasant: if it was poorly done the memory of it will be unpleasant and a banc in later life. The time to make retro spection a joy is now. The opportunity to do good, to deserve well of country and neighbor is today. Your memories will reward you accordingly as you have fulfilled the task or left it partially or wholly undone. 本

本

“BUMMING” REHEARSALS.

Arc you going to be there for the rehearsal to-day?” This is a question that is quite often answered in the following manner: “No: I’ve been at nearly every rehearsal while others have been ‘lninimin〆 regularly. T think I can afford to miss practice once in a while, too.” How many of us liavc not answered the above question in the same way and were then seen loafing around, or, as you may have it, “attending to other business” while the other members of the choir, orchestra or band were busy with the director? This is not the proper thing： for a person who claims be is interested in music and wants to be called a member of a musical orfranization, lo do. The duty of everv person is to be present at all rehearsals: for the orchestra, or whichever one of the three it may be. cannot master a piece of music or some selection if a number of persons are constantly missinqf at rehearsals. When the director, durine anv prncticc hour, explains the mcanincf of, or simplifies, or g：ives a demonstration of bow certain passages arc to be executed, while someone is absent, lie, just for tlie sake of tlicse absentees, must cfo to the trouble of explaining, etc., ap-ain. This naturally spoils one rehearsal after another and makes quite a few of them notliincr but wasted encr.srv. Of course there are times when a person simnlv cannot be present at a rehearsal, as for instance, when illness nrev^nts his heinsr present. On sucli an occa sion it is bis dntv to excuse himself with the nroner officer of the onraniV.ation whose nr^ctice hour lie must miss. before1iand unless hi*： ailment is of such a nature that it does not pernilt liis doinsr co. Tllness is about tlie onlv thine which should cause a person^ absence. Therefore, if we arc not ill, let ns all, each and every one of us, especially since we are endeavoring to make

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the concert at the occasion of the jubilee celebration next June the l^st‘o?e of its kind ever given by the musical talent of this school, exert our eriorts o the utmost in order to make the undertaking successful and henceforth no niiss a single rehearsal. —Anonymous. FRIENDSHIP. It is a movement since creation That everybody seeks a friend, But few are they that find true friendship, To few is stretched a friendly hand.一 It is human nature to seek friends, to have at least one soul in this wide world to whom you may open your heart. And although everybody is look ing for friends, still there are many people, that never had a true friend, that walk about and complain of being forsaken. Are they not seeking friend ship ? They surely are, and they find friends. The trouble is, their friend ship is not lasting,一due to their attitude towards friends. There arc sonic people who think they must Hatter their friends, and con sequently they arc always smiling when they meet them, they always agree with wliat the friends say, they constantly speak in terms of highest praise of persons known to enjoy their favor and incite tlieni against others who have fallen from grace. It is a hypocritical friendship and will not endure. Another class of people does not only agree with what the friends say, they also call the faults of their friends virtues. Now someone might think that by doing this the ties of friendship will not be loosened. For some time not; but as soon as the friend's errors have evil consequences, and he is made to feel them, it is very likely that he is going to be in doubt as to whether his friend means what lie says or not. Then again there are people who consider it a part of their duty to call the friend’s attention to his errors. And they do it. But instead of confining their efforts to the offender they tell others about it too. The consequence is gossip at the expense of friendship. Other people can never make friends, because they are temperamentally so constituted that no one can get along with them. Tliey insist upon having everything their own way, they constantly quarrel and hold their own idea as the only correct view of life. Favors from their friends are taken as a matter of course, and when not forthcoming, they are amazed to find such a low valuation placed on their worth. In short they do not look upon their friends as standing on a par with them, but as occupying an inferior station. Finally, there arc people who do not trust anybody, not even their friends, juul The Rambler says: “There is no friendship without confidence.” Now, dear reader, if you have no friend, look to yourself whether you have not one of the attributes mentioned, and trv to get rid of it. If you have a friend then treat him as such. Let tlic friendship of David and Jonathan be your prototype. Do not think: “What do I care for him, there are plenty other friends, or I shall find a new one.” Just mark what the

■

THE BLACK AND

RED

son of Sirach says: “Forsake not an old friend; for the new is not compar able to him. As new wine, so is a new friend: il it become old, thou shalt drink it with gladness.” Always be a true irieml yourself and you shall have true friends, and “tlie light of friendship, like phosphorus, will be seen most plainly when all around is dark.” 一G. J. S. * LABOR NON EST ONUS, SED BENEFIOIUM.

: ;

God has destined man to work. Hut very often \vc meet people that are shiftless and don’t care to work. They consider themselves too elevated and too noble to do what God has imposed upon them. They don't realize the benefit and satisfaction there is in work. They would sooner indulge in shiftlessness and pleasures than engage in earnest and consciciuicms labor, because they consider it a heavy burden. “Labor non est onus,” that is, labor is no burden. Clod lias imposed work upon man as his duty, and for this reason alone no one can look upon work as a burden. It is necessary for man to be tbriflv and imlustrioiis, because he wants nourishment. Even a child, wlicn it is alile to walk, is naturally inclined to play in order to have something to ilo. Sloth fulness and thriftlessness are odious and contemptuous. A thrifty man will induce other people to work by setting them a good example and by making clear to them that God has destined man to work. If these facts have been recog nized, one will not always hear people say that life is stale to them. More over, they will gladly pursue their work ami not consider it only a bruclen. On the other hand, “Labor est beneficium,” that is, labor is a benefit. Labor is a benefit to man physically. It gives him opportunity to strengthen his body and to preserve it in the best of health. Labor also provides for tlic support of the body and for the home of man. Furthermore, labor offers man the necessary rest. One that does not work will be troubled l)y sleepless nights. The muscles of the body have not been tried enough to make sleep comfortable, whereas a fatigued body will find sleep enjoyable. Finally, labor—aids the mental ability of mail, because “Mens sana in corpore sano. The — mind works under the influence of the l)o(lv. If the body is weak and frail, the mind will be handicapped. Only through work one can preserve a strong body, and, at the same time, help a strong mind. Therefore do not consider labor a burden, but a benefit awarded hv God. Always bear in mind, “Labor non onus sed beneficiimi.’’ —W. S.

For jubilee program see back cover

(

CÂŠLLE^E I^TOTES-

ABBOB DAY. Our annual Arbor Day was celebrated on the 16th of April, recitations being; given free on that clay. The customary rites, ceremonies and duties, were most punctiliously performed under the painstaking superintendence of tlie Junior class. The Seniors, according to the wise theory of some obscure thinker in ancient times, were encumbered with the most tiresome work of all, for they did nothing. This is an ancient practice at our institution and is enuilaled more nobly every year. The excellent system and orderly superÂ vision of the Junior class has already been mentioned. The neat and wellcleaned grounds give proof of the splendid results achieved. Upon the Sophomore class devolved the enviable duty of felling trees. A world record was made insofar as five trees were felled within a space of less than two hours. Dr. Ott supervised the work. Tlic Irreshman class was employed in raking and leveling the baseball diamond. As for the preparatory students, suffice it to say that the Sextaners and Ouintaners were invited against the Quartaners in a prize-contest, the former and the latter hauling, in which the Quartaners suiTorcd an inglorious defeat, being the last to retire from the field at 3 :oo p. m. The rest of the clay was spent in rejoicing and thanksgiving. Item: A sumptuous lunch of lemon-water and sandwiches was served at io :oo a. m. PLANTING OF CLASS TREE. On the 17th of April, the Sophomores adorned the southwest corner of the park with their class-tree, a symbolic adumbration of themselves. The

THE BLACK AND

RED

tree, a product of the White Elm nursery of Oconomowoc, is an European Linden. It was planted with the most solemn ceremonies in the presence of Prof. Henkel (class teacher) and wife, Dr. Ott, and the whole class. In the pit was inhumed an hermetically scaled bottle containing the signatures of all present and also a few directions for the distant generation to whom Fate may grant its opening. May the tree thrive ancl grow to unprecedented height and be an object of admiration to posterity! Only then will it be the real emblem of its class! REDE VON KARL HIRSCH.

Am Donnerstag Abend den fiinfzehnten April versammelte sicli eine grosse Anzahl Leute im Gymnasium, tim den Vortrag (les Herrn Karl Iiirsch aus Konstanz anzuhoren. Obwohl es wall rend des Vortrages zuweilen SO heftig regnete, dass man die Worte des Refiners kaum verstehen konnte, war doch die Aufmerksamkeit stets rege, da sicli ja (lie Gele^enheit bot, von einem Augenzeugen die wirklichen Zustiinde im lieben alien Vaterland zu erfahren. Da Herr Iiirsch erst kurzlich von Deutschland auf einer Geschaftsreise nach Amerika gekommen war，so war er im Stande, in schr auschaulicher Weise die dortigen Zustiinde zu schildern. Letzten Herbst war er personlich in der Kriegszone in Belgien, unci maclUe dort vide photographische Auf'iahmen, die er am Sclilusse seiner Rede zeigte und crklarte. Mit der grossen Not in Belgien scheint es gar nicht schlimm zu sein; 上s soil vielmehr, seit die Dcutschen da sincl. die beste Ordnung' herrschen, und auch die Versorgung- der Notleiclenden gclit nach echt deutsclier Weise vor sich. Unsere Zeitungen stellen iiberhaupt vicles nicht richtig1 dar, z. B. die Wunden, welche die Soldaten im gefeehl erhaltcn, sind zuni grossten Teil leichterer Art, so class sie in zwei bis drei Woclien wieder g-eheilt sind. Es warden jedoch viele tapfere Krieger fiirs Lebcn zu Kriippeln gemachl, indem sie Glieder verlieren oder sonstwie Schaden erleiden. Man trifft deswegen in Deutschland schon Vorkchrungen, um solchen Lenten spater passende Arbeit zu verschaflfen. Deutschland ist weder wirtschaftlich noch finanziell niederzuringen! Im Iieere lierrscht die grosste Entschlossenheit und Siegeszuversicht, Pflichttreue und Vertrauen. Viele Privathauser, Scliulen und Vcrcinshauscr bat man als Lazarette cingerichtet. Jeder entbehrliche Pfennig wird gerii ,q;eopfert. Die Fabriken sind alle im Gange, und wenn auch der ^1 angel an Arbeitern merkbar ist，. so fehlt es niclit an Arbeiterinnen, die freiwillig; den Posten der in den Krieg gezogenen Manner ubernehmen. Der Kirchcnbesucli ist besser als sonst. \ran hat sogar zwcimal die Woche Gottcsdienst. Der Sclnilunterricht dagegen leiclet etwas, denn es sind fast vierzigtausend Lelirer ins Feld gezogen, und von diesen ist schon eine nicht geringe Zalil gefallen. Von der schweren bevorstehenden Hungersnot, die in alien englischen Zeitschriften prophezeit wurde, merkt man nicht die geringste Spur. Man ^elit naturlich vemunftig und massif mit alien Nahrungsmitteln um ,aber von “Verhungern” wird niemals die Rede sein.

?;• THE BLACK AND RED

Fiir die Familien gefallener Soldaten vvircl sowohl vom Staat als auch von der betreffenden Gemeinde gesorgt. Ueberall im Reich herrscht die beslc Ordnung. Alles gelit seinen gewohnten Lauf, als lebe man im Frieden. Ueberall zeigt sicli die Entsclilossenlieit des deutschen Volkes. Siegen oder Sterbcn!—ein Geist, clem kein Feind widerstehen kann.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The season having come to a successful close, the two literary societies recently convened and elected the following officers for the ensuing year: Philomath ean— A. Westendorf, ,i6, Pres. E. Kicssling, ’17, V. Pres. C. Kuske, ’18，Sec. and Treas. Lyceum— W. Zank, ^16, Pres. IT. Brandt, *16, V. Pres. II. Schaefer, ’17, Sec. and Treas. The Vesuvius Club also held its annual election at which the following officers were chosen : A. Wcstendorf, *16, Pres. P. Sclileiclicr, *16, V. Pres. O. Gruciulemann ，’17,'Sec. G. Sclilegel, ’17， Treas. W. ReUlaff, ’17，Serg.

Ball games, band concerts and best of all, all your old friends will be here in June. Can you afford to miss such a glorious chance to revive old times?

The Lutheran Normal School Mirror (Sioux Falls, S. Dak.) introduces its litemry column with a poem, “The Last Great White Heron.” The poem is a pathetic description of tlic last of its species that found death at the bands of the humsman. The author made manifest in a pathetic manner the deplorable fact that the huntsman seemed to begrudge llie existence of the heron tliougli it was the last of the species. “Jefferson’s Opinion of the Constitution” reveals painstaking labor in refcrence work bv the writer, but there seems to be a slight inconsistency in the explanation of one of Jefferson’s quotations. In quoting Jefferson the writer says: “that universal free trade is one of the neutral rights of man, and is the only sound policy,” and continues in the explanation, “Jefferson’s idea was to limit our commerce as far as possible to countries which do not produce what is produced in the United States and also limit general rcciprocity.” Wlio is inconsistent in his views, Jefferson or the writer ? There is a tendency in an article of this kind to use the name of the person under consideration too much, and of this the writer》vas guilty. A slight altera tion in the construction of sentences and better coherence between para graphs would liberate the writer from this tendency. ••Cliarlemagn’s Private Life and Character” treats very exhaustively the home and social life of him who brought the then barbaric Germany into the pale of civilization and “who kneaded into something like a homogeneous mass the various racial elements composing1 the peoples over which he reigned.” A brief essay on tlie home life of a great statesman always proves to be an interesting topic for discussion, in a college magazine, whereas the political life of a world-known man is usually too complicated for an interesting, brief essay. ,4An OiUing,” the only fiction story in the literary column, is very brief but full of life. The exchange column is especially worthy of mention, Your criticisms are thorough and succinct. We were not a little disappointed to find the athletic column missing. A school of your size surely participates

THE BLACK AND RED

in some brandies of athletics. Why not publish it? It would without doubt be of interest to your alumni. Your magazine is always a welcome visitor. Tlic neat appearance of the Navbcrry Stylus (Newberry, S. C.) naturally tempts the curiosity of the recipient, and we find upon the perusal of its a»mcjus that these harmonize with the Stylus' outward appearance. Permit us to congratulate you upon yvour championship basketball team, and may this lionor be yours in future years. In "Our Platform” the new editors ap peal to the stiuloiUs for co-operation. Let this appeal be heeded by students of other colleges as well, for in combined efforts alone does the success of titir journals lie. Y"ur paper as a unit was well edited. It can well be noted :!tat the department editors have exerted themselves to the utmost to make ilieir first publication a success, and witli good results. \Ve hope to receive your visiting card in the future. The La/i-c Brccccs arriving at the Exchange Bureau this morning is edited by the Sophomores. The talent in the class shows some promising material to select from for future editors of the Lake Breezes. The arrangement of the Ijajjcr reveals die efforts of an energetic but inexperienced staff. Why conimue nuiK*rial belonging to one col unm under other column heads ? To croaic a neat appeiiiancc in a magazine the editors should insert only such material under their specific column heads as rightfully belongs there. The poem “April” is a fitting explanation in poetic metre of the cut above it. 1'he story "Bony” clearly make manifest the fact that Peter’s mother, who had an antipathy to canine pets, can overrule her dislike toward “Bony” after lie bad accomplished the heroic feat as life-saver. “Too Late” reminds the reader somewhat of the situation on the eastern battlefront when the Russiaus invaded East Piussia and sought to avenge their disastrous defeat; Upon the innocent civilians in the border cities. Although these atrocitie： are being committced upon Christian and Jew alike, the Czar is again mak in芘 magnanimous promises to his ’.dear Jews” and seeking to make them a tool for vile and corrupt purposes. Though lie should give them their free dom now, they can never forget the atrocities committes upon them and they will say witli tlie author of “Too Late”： “A land of liberty—a country of freedom is mine too late, for my heart has been killed by oppression.” Only a Slight *Mistake>，discovers the writer’s vivid imagination, but the contents would be more appropriate for a book of short stories for children. The article on the submarine could have been treated more exhaustively especially at the present time when abundant opportunity is offered for its study. We would suggest omitting the acknowledgments since they are of interest to nobody, not even to the magazines whose receipt is acknowl edged. The neat appearance of your paper is marred somewhat by the one page of advertisements ahead of your table of contents. It is true the adver tisers prefer the first page to any other, but are not the advertisers whose advertisements are on the last page also buying their space ? Therefore, why not put all of your advertisers on equal footing and at the same time edit a neater paper by replacing the one page “ad” inside the cover by the table of contents?

i t; ?

CONDITIONS IN GERMANY. England wanted to starve out the population of Germany. Its attempted blockade of German ports and interference with neutral trade were actuated by that desire. But if that is its only means of defeating1 its enemy, the end of the war is a very long way oäť&#x;.Germany is far from bei llgS tarved, indeed, the conditions in the country are even better than before the war broke out and much more prosperous than in England or any other country. Tlie Kew York World sent a German-American, Gustav E. Roder, as warcorrespondcnt to Germany with instructions to travel through the country and try to find out how economic conditions are. The results of his investigations proved that all this starvation talk was false. Germany's supply of grain, flour and other foodstuffs is sufficient to last a year or even eighteen months. And even if the harvest should turn out very poor this year, it would still be greater than the average of other years, because the area under cultivation is so much greater. Belgium and about one-sixth of France, the north-eastern part, known as a rich wheat district, is in the hands of the Germans and every piece of ground is made use of. There are plenty of provisions not only for their army but also for the civilian population. And if provisions should ever run short, it would be the prisÂ oners of war that would have to suffer most. According to price lists pubÂ lished in different papers, foodstuffs are not more expensive than before the war, while many do not cost as much as we pay here. There is also plenty of meat to last for a long time. At the present Germany is truly self-sustaining. Throughout the country it is hardly noticeable that such a terrible war is being waged just outside of its boundaries, in which its people are involved. German trade and industry are well provided with work and willing1 hands; there is a lack of workmen sooner than of work. The financial condition is as sound as ever, better than in other countries. The position of the Reichsbank is so good that the paper money of the bank is covered to the extent of 48 per cent, by gold, while the paper of France is only covered to the extent of 40 per cent. Germany stands ready to fight to the very last man; and every soldier is willing to sacrifice his life, because lie knows he is fighting for his home, his fatherland, his very existence. The feeling- against the Americans is severe,

THE BLACK AND RED

because the Allies are being supplied with American weapons and ammuni tion. Nevertheless, every man, woman and child believes with all his heart that they will be victorious in this war, because they are fighting for a just cause. Should it be possible that a people that is so well provided and fights with such faith can be defeated?

ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES COMING INTO USE. It is part of the progress of the world that new inventions are being made, and conditions and devices that were thought best in their time must make way for other still better ones. Electricity is used instead of steam in so many places; it is now also taking its place in running trains. In Swizterland the government decided to use only electricity for its railroads. The 5：rcat waterfalls supply the power needed. Each locomotive has a 2,500 horse power motor, which is operated with an alternating current of 15,000 volts. Many such engines were already built and proved satisfactory. In this country they arc also coming into use and although they did not entirely replace the steam-locomotive, as many people anticipated, they are gradually coming in more and more. Their use affords certain advantages which makes them agreeable to passengers. They do away with offensive smoke and cinders, run with very little noise, arc able to move more smooth ly and speed up more rapidly, with consequent saving of time. For loca trains, running short distances and making- frequent stops, the trains art made up of electric motor and trailer-cars and are controlled by one motorman at the licacl of the train. The number of the cars is increased or de creased to meet the requirements of the traffic. This is called the “multiple unit” system and is most efficient. Trains of this kind are in use on the Xcw York Siil)\vav and Elevated roads, the Hudson and Manhattan Tubes, and on the elevated lines of Giicago and Boston. Their use was also intro duced on many Pennsylvania and Long Island roads and on many other lines of the Eastern railways, where the distances arc comparatively short. Especially in tunnel districts, as the Michigan Central tunnel at Detroit, the Hoosac tunnel and tlie tunnel through the Cascade Mountains on the Great Northern their use seems desirable. Where heavy trains must be hauled for considerable distance and at regular express speeds, they are also practical, as on the Norfolk and Western Railroad, where they are used for hauling coal-trains. On some lines it would not be practical to introduce electric locomotives, but on others the reason for not using them is the great expense connected witli their introduction. The railroad companies do not consider themselves rich enough to defray those expenses just now. It is a great blessing to enjoy happiness ,but it is still greater to be able to impart it to others.—Bacon.

丨

ATHLETICS '•

丨

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, 10; N. W. C., 1. Our baseball season opened up April 15, when tlie team journeyed lo Madison to play the Varsity nine. The game was a one-sided affair and the Varsity had things coming their way from the very beginning. In each of the first three innings they secured one run, in the fourth three, and. in both the sixth and eighth two, making a total of ten runs. Our only run was made in the last inning. Eickmann rolled a grounder to the shortstop wbo threw him out at first base. Ed Kolandcr then made a hit and immediately stole second. Lutzke, batting for Bodamcr, was out on a i>op fly to tlie pitcher. Just then the game became a little exciting. Kolandcr stole third base and Vollmcrs sent him across the plate witli a pretty little single. Brandt was retired on a fly to ccntcrfield. Wisconsin did not take their last turn at bat. The score follows: U. of W” 10. N. W. C, 1. AB R H PO A E AR Rj H PO A E Petersen, 2nd ... 3 3 1 3 3 3 Vollmcrs. 3rd ...401023 Slabby, 2nd----- I o o o o o Brandt, cf............ 300200 20 Boulware, cf …4 i 0000 Medcnwald, 2nd. o Buelow, cf........ 1 o 1 2 1 o K’lirb’ff. (capt) If 4 00200 Herzog (capt) ss 4 o 1 1 3 2 Koenig, 1st 4 o o 15 I I Brady, ss.......... 1 000 1 1 Kobs. p 400081 0 2 0 Roach, c............ 4 o 2 8 00 Eickmann, fs ... 4 o Closin, c............ o o o o o o Kolander, rf____3 1 1 OOO Jewett, If.......... 2 o o o o 1 Bodamer, c 3 0 0 4 1 1 ♦Whitcomb ----- i o o o o o *Lutzkc . I OOOOO Levis, 3rd.......... 4 1 o o 3 1 OOOOOO Bill，rf................. 3 1 1 4 o o OOOOOO 「onnelly, 1st ... 3 3 3 8 o o OOOOOO Galvin, p 2 OOOOOO o Totals … -----33 io

9 27 i2

Totals

4 24 16

THE BLACK AND RED

*Batted for Jewett in 7th. ^Batted for Bodamer in 9th. Summary: Stolen bases—Petersen, Roacli, Galvin, Kehrberg, Koenig, Kolancler, 2. Two-base hits—Connelly, 2: Bill. Three-base bits—Peterson, Buelow. Sacrifice hits—Jewett, Bill. Double plays—Herzog to Peterson to Con nelly. Bases on balls—off Galvin, 3: off Kobs, 3. Struck out—by Galvin 7: by Kobs, 5. Hit by pitcher—by Kobs, 1. Passed balls—Bodamer. Um pire—T. A. Arundel.

•

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, 8; N. W. 0., 2. The University of Wisconsin team, while on its way to Chicago, where they were to play against the University of Chicago, Rave us a return game Oil April 20. Our hoys were not quite satisfied with the ?lio\vinff they made at Madison five days before, and took the diamond determined to make at least a slightly better showing1. Tlicv held the University down to ei.crlit runs and scored two themselves. Wisconsin gained a tlirce-run lead already in the first inning and added two more in the second. In the last inning they again, with the aid of three errors, a passed ball and a hit, managed to push three men across. After tliat, however, they failed to score. Both of our tallies came in the second inning when Henning was »iven a base on balls after Lutzkc had died out to the shortstop. ITits by Vollmcrs and Kolander followed, scoring： Ilcnning and Vollmers. The next two men were retired in order. The Manager has kept track of the game as follows:

E0I22I020000 A3I00I340I00

o o

000

38 8 7 27 10 3

N. W. C, 2. AB R> H p< Vollmcrs, 3rd ..4 1 2 Kolancler, cf .... 4 o 1 Modcnwald, 2nd. 400 Klirh'q- (capt) If 4 o o Koenig, 1st … .•40 1 T\ohs, p.......... ..400 Eickmann, ss . .•400 Lutzke, rf___ ..300 Henning, c … .. 3 i o

I I 2 o I

EOCOIIOIOOOO

•

Aoo 0-000 3013 0^3180010110 pc H I03I0I00I00 IIOOOIOO

Totals

U. of W AR Petersen. 2nd ... 4 Rouhvare, cf …4 Herzog, (capt) ss 5 Roach, c . 5 Tewett. If 2 Bill. If ... 2 Levis, 3rd 5 Buelow, rf 5 Machotka, 1st .. 3 Galvin, p . 2 Neupert, p

000

Totals

34 2 4 27 13 8

Summary: Stolen bases—Kolandcr, Boulware, Herzog. Roach 2. Jewett, Bill 2, Levis, Machotka. Sacrifice bits—Bouhvare, Galvin. Struck out一 Galvin, 5: Neupert, 3; Kobs, 6. Rases on balls—Galvin, 1: Kobs, 3. Passed balls—Henning. Umpire—Art. Powers.

THE BLACK AND

RED

CARROLL, 9; N. W. C., 5. On April 24 the team journeyed to Waukesha, where they bad Carroll College as their opponents. About fifty rooters accompanied them on a special trailer. Those who went down report having seen a fine game. Carroll certainly is fortunate in liaing such good hitters on the team. With out men like Policr, who alone secured four hits, two singles, a two-bagger, and a three-bagger, out of five trips to the plate, it would liavc been quite a precarious proposition for Carroll to win from us. This is the first time, at least since wc can remember, that a team from the Waukesha College lias ever defeated N. W. C. on the diamond. Carroll’s runs came in the lasl five innings, while Northwestern was able lo score only in the first and in the last three innings. Both teams played a fair game in the field, only eight errors in all being made, N. W. C. being credited with three, and Carroll with five. Nevertheless, in spit of this dfcat, we have hopes of turning the tables on Carroll when they plav here May 22. Score: CARROLL, 9. AB R II POA E AB R H PO A E Vollmcrs, 3rd ...5 1 1 130 Hammond, 3rd ..501220 Lutzke, cf.......... 50020 o Polier, c........... 5 1 4 6 o o Mcdenwald, 2nd. 4 1 o Mohlke, 1st---- 5 o o 12 o 2 Kchrbcrg, If_____4 2 1 2 o o Keller, cf......... 5 1 1 40 1 Koenig, 1st......... 4 1 3 10 o 1 Risch, p........... 5 1 1 1 6 o Kobs, p.............. 3 o 1 1 2 o Mutchler, rf---- 4 2 2 o o o Eickmann, ss ... 4 o o o 3 1 Derry, If...........4 2 2 1 o o Kolandcr, r£___ 4 o o 2 o o 300500 Kuranz, ss....... 4 1 1 o 2 2 Uodamcr, c 1 00000 Sjnitli, 2nd........... 30 1 1 1 o *Bran(lt . Sickles, 2nd___ 1 1 010 Totals 37 5 6 24 9 3 Totals 41 9 14 27 12 5 * Batted for Bodamcr in 9th. N. W. C., 5. Summary: Stolen bases—Hammoiul, ]\lutcHcr, Derry 2, Smith. Vollmers 2, Koenig 2. Two-base hits—Polier, Keller, Riscli, Mulchlcr. Smith, Vollmers, Koenig 3. Three-base hits—Polier. Double plays—Riscli to Mohlke. Bases on balls—Riscb, 1 : Kobs, o. Struck out一by Risch, 6; by Kobs, 4; by Lange, 1. Umpire—Cellan.

WHITEWATER NORMALS, 4; N. W. C., 3. Unluckily, we have nothing but defeats to treat about in our athletic column this month. Wisconsin U. defeated us twice, Carroll College once. and lastly, even the Whitewater Normals had the impertinence一if you may call it that—to slip one more defeat over on our cohorts on May 1. After two scoreless innings, Whitewater scored one run. In the sixth they added two more runs, and in the eighth another, totaling four. Northwestern was

THE BLACK AND RED

unable to score until the last inning. Lutzke hit safely, Medenwald popped a fly to short and Kehrberg fanned. Koenig reached first base on an error and in the meantime Lutzke had already stolen third. Koenig then stole second. Northwestern now had a man on second and also one on third base. A safe hit would bring in these two men, so Kobs was sent in to bat for Kolander. “Joe” took a look at a few balls as they passed him, then picked out a good one and sent it way out into the left garden over the fielder’s head. A home run was the result and this netted us our three scores, Eickmann got to first base also on an error, Henning struck out and the game was over, as Whitewater did not take their chance at bat. Following is the box score: WHITEWATER NORMALS, 4. AB R H PO A E 4 1 1001 Dorr, If........ Vaughn, 3rd . 3 11002 41 1 I 1 o Smith, ss---40252 o Rohcle, 2nd . 3 O O 12 2 I O'Neil, c .... Niesscn, cf .. 3 o 1 100' 2 I O I o o Pritchard, rf 300521 Agnew, 1st .. Meldeen, p .. 3 01200 000000 000000 000000

AB R H POA E Vollmers, 3rd ... 401 140 Lutzke, cf 4 1 1200 Medenwald, 2nd. 400020 Kchrbcrg, If----- 3 o o 1o o Koenig, 1st........3 1 o 14 1 o Kolander, rf___ o o o o o o *Kobs 1 1 1000 Eickmann, ss ... 4 003 3 1 Henning, c........ 400321 Wcstendorff, p.. 1 o o o o 1

Totals 32 3 3 24 15 3 *Battecl for Kolander in 9th.

Totals........... 30 4 7 27 7 5 Summary: Bases stolen_Nicsscn, Pritchard, Lutzke, Koenig. Twobase hits_Mcldeen. Threc-basc hits—Dorr. Home runs—Kobs. Bases on balls—Meldcen, 3. Struck out一Meldecn, 11; Lange, 1; Wcstcndorf, 1. Um pire— —Williams.

Yes, there will be a ball-game and a sham-battle!

—About 50 loyal students journeyed to Waukesha on April 24 to witness the Carroll-Northwestern game. —Wm. Fuerstman, Prep., accompanied Victor Otto, ’18，to the latter’s home in Oconomowoc on Sunday, May 2. —Paul C. Kionka has discontinued his studies at the institution and may now be found as eletcrical engineer and mechanical draftsman in Marshfield, Wis. 一Mr. J. N. Kiessling and family accompanied by Mrs. J. L. Smith visited Elmer C. Kiessling, ’17, on April 30. —Helmuth “Conn” Schaefer, ’17, was most sumptuously regaled by Mrs. W111. Henkel at the event of the fifteenth anniversary of his natal day. Mr. Schaefer is renowned as a connoisseur of the culinary art, and he pronounced the savoury viands placed before him of the highest perfection. —On May 7 the worthy Sophomore class presented themselves at a photo gallery of this city, to have, as President Rex said, their facsimile imprinted on some sensitive Ag NO3. (We feel sorry for the Ag NO3.) It was said that a few pictures will be deposited in the sacred vault of the institution, for the edification and amusement of the future generations attending North western. Quite appropriate! ―Walter Sprengler, ’16, spent the latter part of his vacation at Hartford. —Hustisford, Wisconsin, was honored with a visit from Leonardo Calb Bernthal, ’18, on April 25. —Carl Butscher, *18, left for his home town Boyd on April 30 and rejturned again on May 5 with a Stutz “75” racer.

THE BLACK AND RED

—“Pa” Molmhardt displayed himself before the populace at Ixonia on Sunday, May I. —We herewith announce the engagement of Edward Chuck and----For further particulars see next issue.

lit

；. !

—On various nights of last month those digitigrade carnivorous quadru peds of Antoni, commonly called cats, favored the dormant student body with many concerts of superb quality. They (the cats) most generally per form in unison, their sweet voices harmonizing in the most celestial discords. We hope these midnight serenades may be continued to the vexation of the entire student body. 一All is quiet! — The occupants of the upper story of the dormitory have retired and their senses arc lost in grateful oblivion, when suddenly,—a Bang! 一 A tumult, a scrambling： in the hall, the sound as of blows falling. 一 The bustle has again subsided. — All is quiet! 一 Next morning Fuerstie is delivered upon a stretcher into the hospital, his one eye being so defaced that he was forced to have it removed. It is rumored that Bodie, his affec tionate room-mate, was the perpetrator of the nefarious deed. 一Edward Blakewcll, ’18, paid his hebdomadal visit to his parental abode in Baraboo, on April 25. —Erdman Pankow, Prep., journeyed to Oconomowoc on April 24 and spent the following day, Sunday, there. —Tiny “Shorty” Hanisch had himself shipped (via Parcel Post) to Columbus, where he intended to visit some of his playmates on May 1. —Carl Schmelzer, ’17, was called home on April 14 because of the death of his father. —On April 19, J. N. Lenker, D. D., one of the foremost authorities on Luther, lectured before the Freshman Class, after chapel services. 一Waldemar Heidtke, Prep., visited in Juneau on May 1. —Martin Koehler, Prep., was in Juneau on May 2.

program see

cover

‘! i

—Baseball.

♦

本

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一Errors. —Touch luck. 本

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幸氺

一Wir lassen uns, wir lassen uns, wir lassen uns photograpbiercn. 一Modern. College Version:— Everybody works on Arbor day, But the Senior class; They eat our lunch on Arbor day, The dear, old Senior class. 幸

一A Prep, while working on Arbor day cut his finger. Soph.: “Hey, Sam, there is a Prep, chewing.” Prep.: “I am not!” Soph.: “You are too, you are chewing your finger.” 傘傘拿 —First Neighbor: “How do you use that bug1 poison?” Second Neighbor: “You see, I catch the bug, put a little poison on its mouth, and then hold the bug until it is dead.” First Neighbor: “Well, I always caught the bugs, put them on the floor and tramped them.” Second Neighbor: “That’s a good way too.”

THE BLACK AND RED

一Two Irishmen stood at the Niagara Falls. First Irishman: “Do you know, Mike, why the water is green ?” Second Irishman: “Because it just came over.” 本本本 —“Don，t worry about him. He’ll pay up. He’s a man of his word.” “Yes, and his word is wait.” 本**

一Prof, (zum Studenten, der Larm gemacht hatte) : “Sie waren wohl wahrend den Osterferien beim Vieh T} Student: “Ja, bei den Htihnern.” 一Fred had done some mischief, and when his father was going to punish him, he escaped. Father: “Come into the house, Fred, I have to tell you something.” Fred: “Such a little boy like me docs not have to know everything.” 本本本

—First Student: “There is a hair in the honey.” Second Student: “I suppose it came from the comb.—Ex. 本本本

一Senior: “How are you going to keep the dust off of here?” Junior: “Call in about a dozen Freshmen and let them talk for about an hour.” —Tante: “Fritzclien, weshalb weinst du?” Fritzchen: “Icli kann net mehr essen.” Tante: “Dami stecke die Apfel in die Taschen.” Fritzchen: “Die sind auch shon voll.” 本卞本

一Autoist: “How long will it take me to get to the next town ? ’’ Farmer: “About ten minutes, if the constable don’t catch you at it.” 本本苹

—A lady came to a physician claiming to be sick. After an examination the physician said: “You’re allright, madam.” "But what must I eat?” she asked. “You may eat everything,M the physician replied, “but stove pokers and bellows, because the first are too hard to digest and the latter make too much wind•” —Prof.: “Leiten Sie das Wort Eremiten ab.” Student: “Es kommt vom griechischen eremia, d. h. die Wiiste, also Wiistlinge.” Someone said, he heard the Glee Club sing the “Swan’s Song.”

THE BLACK AND RED

DER GEPRELLTE MALER. Die Oliren fiillen mir mit lieu. Zu einem Maler in die Stadt Endlich ist der Entwurf gemacht, Kam einst ein Graf, der Herr von Der Graf geht Heim, der Maler Skat, laclit Und spriclit: “Er male mein PorUnd denkt: Den Alten hab ich schon, trat, Arm ist er nicht, ich zieh den Lohn, Ich zahl, soviel er geme hatt. Denn er versteht von Malerei Docli keinen Heller geb ich ihm, Nicht mehr als von der Iienn das Ei; So ich das Bild nicht selber ruhm; Wemi gleich aucli vieles das ich Das heisst, es muss naturlich sein, macht • Auch meine Schramme muss hinein, Von Kritikern ist arg verlacht, Die ruhrt von einem Skatspiel her, So soil (loch schon der Iiintergrund Als meines Nachbars Steinkrug Ein Hundehaus und Hirtenkund schwer Den besten Eindruck iiben aus, Auf meinen Kopf herabgebraust, Dass ich befriedigt geh’ nach Haus. Dass mirs im Scliadel jetzt oft jaust.” Der Tage vierzehn sind vorbei, Der sclilaue Maler, ein Franzos,, Der Maler mit der Malerei Denkt: Der ist von dem alten Mos, Steht vor dem Grafcn nun und Bezahlen soil der Kartenheld spricht: Mir eine schone Summe Geld. “Betraktens Ihro Gnad bei Licht. Darauf mit Biicklingen sagt er: Is’ es nicht schon naturgetreu ? “Ssu Befehl, Ihro Gnad, mein ’Err. Die <Undebud, der Und dabei. Ik habens Seine Majestat gemalt, Nu horen Ihro Gnad den Preis, Er haben’s geriimt und bien bezalilt. Nik teuer, ne fiirwahr ik weiss; Drauf hab ik Seine ’Eiligkeit Sonst nehm ik ’undert Taler ein Den Papst gemalt, hat sik gefreut. Fiir Ihro Gnad soil’s funfzig sein. Und Ihro Gnad versikre ik, Ik weiss dass dieses Bild nak Recht Dass Ihro Gnad wird freuen sik,” . Wird hangen bei clem AhngesclileclU, Darauf erwiderte der Graf: Und well mein Name unten klein “Nun schwatz er nicht, aber schaff, Geschrieben soil verewi.^t sein, Und meint er, dass er’s machen kann, So mak ik das spezielle Preis, Wie icli’s gesagt, so fang er an.” Dass ik mik auch grazios er'veis.” —“So setzen Sie sich Ihro Gnad, Der Graf docli 'veil (let sich zum Und halten Ihro Kopf schon grad, Damit ik das Entvvurf Sie mak, gel in Und sagt: “Z'var lcisst das Bild sich Nur ein halb’ Stund nimmts Mann von Fak.” sehn, Docli ganz naturlich ist es nicht.” Und wahrend er mit schwarzem Stift “Warum, 、varum! ?” （ler Maler Auf dem Papier herum nun schifft, spricht. Erzahlt er von der Malerei, —''Der Hund Hegt vor dem HundeVon Mademoiselles und mancherlei. Der Graf denkt, ich lass ihm das haus, Und das sieht nicht naturlich aus, Pra, Denn wenn der Hund mich kommen Ein Gluck, dass ich nicht sprech francais, sieht, Sonst wiirde dieser Papagei Er gleich in seine Buck zieht.” 一G. J. S.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 35 Poem: May 36 Literary__ 36 Memories_________________ 39 Poem: Dancing Leaves_____ 40 The Inventor of the Zeppelins The Significance of Charles I. in the Devclopcment of the English Constitu tion_______________________________ 42 Poem: The Pleasures of an Imagina 45 tion 46 Ralph Nickleby________ 49 Ein Unerwartcter Besuch Editorials__________________ College Notes:-------------------Arbor Day-------------------Planting of Class Tree__ Rede von Karl Hirsch___ Election of officers_______ Exchanges_________________ De Rebus Omnibus_________ Conditions in Germany... Electric Locomotives coming into Use Athletics_____________________________ Locals----------------------------------------------Campus and Classroom_______________ Program of Semi - Centennial Celebration

52 57 57 57 58 59 60 62 62 63

64 68 70

Back Cover

PROGRAM â&#x2013;

of the Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of Northwestern College

Friday, June 18th, Grand Concert, 8:15 P. M.

Saturday, June 19th, Commencement Exercises, 10 A. M. Dress Parade of Military Company, 1:30 P. M. Academic Celebration and Conferring Degrees, 2 to 4 P. M.

Banquet of the Alumni, Former Students and Friends of the College, 8:30 P. M.

Sunday, June 20th, Religious Celebration in College Park, 10:15 A.M. Reunion and Speeches in College Park, 3:00 P. M. Music by the N. W. C. Band.

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Prof. Martin Christian Eickmann was born in Fredersdorf, Ukcrmark, Prussia Sept. 21, 1859. With this parents he came to America in the year 1866 and settled in Fond Du Lac. While at Fond Du Lac he attended the parochial school and later enrolled as a student of Northwestern, 1872. He completed his course at Northwestern in the year 1879 and entered the Seminary, then situated in Milwaukee. On account of scarcity of ministers he was graduated from the Seminary in March 1882 and immediatly accepted a call to Center, Autogfamie Co., Wis. AtCenter he was active until 1890. Then he was called to Menomonee and resided there as pastor until Oct. 1903 when he received a call to perform as inspector and professor at his Alma Mater. Here he was an active and interested mem ber of the faculty. His work was to care for the boys in the dormitory and with one voice all who had lived under his care say his work was done well. Thus he was employed until he was suddenly called to his Lord and Saviour June 2, 1915. His sudden and unexpected death plunged the entire school in deepest sorrow. The loss to the school is an irretrie vable one. The faculty has lost an earnest and conscientious co-worker, the student body a fatherley advisor and guide. He died as he had lived, quietly, gently. He had never forsaken his post of duty until gfrini death itself relieved him. His body is dead and buried, but a warm memory of him lives and will continue to live.

CINQUANTAINE. 1865-1915. Thou stately hall of wisdom’s ceaseless fame, Undaunted mayst thou bear thy glorious name Among thy kinsmen without bending knee. For evermore and aye full proud are we, Thy humble children ’ncath thy banner spread Of colors truthful as the Black and Red. Dark were thy years of tender infancy, And from a host of troubles seldom free, But at thy pilot’s hand who did thee mold, The clouds were vanquished and the true blood told. Swiftly thy fifty years have rolled away, Enhanced in duties well performed by thee, And nearer ever nearer comes the day In reverence of thy golden jubilee. C. D., ’15.

THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., June, 1915.

Number 3

SHELOMITH. (A story, — embodying in its de- Sadder view than all the murdered scriptive part a few of the famous Lying stark in death around her. features of the Lebanon region, such Oil the horror! — For a rash word as the cedars, the rock-hewn inscrip- And a rash deed by her brother, tions by the great warriors, Tyre’s Who in bate and heat of temper destruction, the Transfiguration (per- And resentment slew a Beduin, haps temptation) etc. Who, maraudin.q：, had insulted Contents: In Distress. In Flight. Her Shelomith,— now this venIn Hope. The Cedar geance! King. The Greatest. The She alone escaped the blood feud, Harvest, Sheltered by a nearby cistern, 一 In Distress. Where is hope now? 一 Where con In that distant land, so near to tentment ?— — Ev’ry Christian heart, the Promised, Where is happiness ? 一 All nothing, Lived the beautiful Shelomith.* Just as if there were no God but With the other did she labor He of nothingness,—King Belial! To produce the wine and olives Unsuspected Nasir Abu And the figs and wheat and barley Of the family that slew her For a living and the market. Kinsfolk stood beside her. Meekly Yesterday they all were happy,— Did he call her name: — “Shelomith!” And today she stands a picture Fit to show what mis’ry looks like! But she turned on him in frenzy All alone there stood Shelomith, And reproached him and reviled him Cutting him with words like lashes,— *)A name, denoting “Peacefulness.”

THE BLACK AND RED Him whom well she knew her lover. And again he pled:— “Slielomith!” And again she interrupted:— “Call me not that name ‘Shelomith’ Where there’s ‘Peacefulness’ no longer;— — Since in wantonness and bloodshed You have 一 worse than Kurds and Druses!— Used my very heart as altar For this cruel immolation; — You have made my name ‘Gehenna’， Fiery place of evil passions Outside of the Holy City!” Still he pled with her:— — “Believe me, I am innocent of murder! And swear to you, I ventured Even life for your protection; 一 But, alas, I could not stop them!” Without heeding what he told her Being thus anew reminded Of her bitter loss she shouted:— “Kill me too, you slaves to passions! Heap on me, too, retribution By your law of retaliation! Only kill me,— —and thus still my Grief, and end tliis mis’ry! — Kill me! Living, — I the dead but envy!” And once more she moaned:— “Oh, kill me!” “Never, — never!” said lie, “would Could I do that, fair Shelomith Whom I love!— This very moment Came I, that I give the victims Decent burial; and to cover Dust on all accusing bloodspots. Thus I came and never doubted How I You were dead, too. mourned you, Weeping for you, brokenhearted! And when now I saw you coming From your hiding, like one risen,

Joy — I felt must surely kill me! ------- Come to me! — Come ivith me, maiden! Let us flee together, loved one! Trust me, me, Shelomith!” But she shook her golden tresses, And her eye, the blue of heaven, Touched him like a frosty morn ing, — While her words showed yet more plainly All that dauntless Saxon lineage,— Heirloom from crusading parent! “Come to you?” she stormed,— “When nothing I possess as dowry due you? _ Nor one left, to give it for me?— Nothing could I claim my portion If I left some tent a widow!— I am orphaned; I have nothing But this life, — and that is forfeit!— Come to you with all this noth ing? — N ever!” 一 Nasir Abu hastened To reply to her: 一 “An outcast Made they me, for siding with you!— — But this outcast will have riches, Has he you!— So take me! 一 Let me Make amends as far as may be!” 一 Once:again Shelomith answered, — But in mockVy:— This I swear, — that Lest I live in rich surroundings At some court, — a King’s attendant, All your efforts will be fruitless!— So you know now, _ where to seek me! — Seeing, that you ivill not kill me. Let me dash your hopes to pieces !n一 Thus she mocked in bitterness;— but Abu would not be discouraged.

THE BLACK AND RED

“If you only live Shelomith，” Said lie, “I will trust to outcome! Hope, though mockingly vouchsafed me, Shall to me, 一 like seed in springtime, 一 Be the pledge of harvest riches! For you will I strain each heartbeat, Strive for you, until I conquer! And yourself shall in this contest First be judge as to the merits Oh my claims, — then prise, Sbelomith V* In Flight. But Shelomith made no answer; Merely turned from Nasir Abu, Setting face and foot towards Joppe Erstwhile home to her in childhood. And behold, that very ev’ning Her pursuers — having learnt, thai She survived, this meerest stripling Of the tree they had uprooted, 一 Saught her out at this same Joppe. Nasir Abu sent her warning, That she might once more escape them And Shelomith ? — Did she wel. come Death, 一 because so tired of liv ing?— No! — Whatever was the motive, Or subconscious reason arguing, She determined she would struggle, For her life, with all its burdens! Thus resolved she did not tarry; But, like deer by hunters hounded Plunges into woods and waters, She with nimble foot strove seaward There to hide, or there to perish. With the enemies behind her Shouting, shooting in their searching, — Coming nearer ev’ry moment, Did Shelomith reach the seashore. Hastily she took from moorings 1

There a boat that seemed neglected，— Used in plying for the traffic B*twixt the steamers and the city Taking to and fro the pilgrims. 一 This she quickly without fait’ring Drags from moorings — and then urges From the shore into the water And the darkness of the deep seal Thus eludes the frail Shelomith All her burly persecuters,— Trusting that the treacli’rous waters Will be less inhuman than the Human enemies behind her. Though she knews not how it hap pened, Yet she reaches through the narrows Of the coral reef the offing. Here she rests — like babe on swelling

Bosom of a coddling mother. Also, infant like, Shelomith Lay in ignorance of future,— Both the near and the far distant. For the present sheer exhaustion Coupled with the cry of nature For some rest — forced sleep upon her, Memory-erasing Lotus! When she came to, scarce awak ened, She repented her forswearing Nasir Abu as life’s consort. Sitting in her boat, supporting On her hands her chin, she wondered，

If a reconciliation, 一 An undoing of the evil There could be?— And then she started— At the thought of her condition ? 一 Whither winds and sea had drifted Her the while slie lay in slumbers ? — There the land was, 一 but no Joppe! 一 Seeing that her boat was heading

THE BLACK AND RED Northward, — yon high promontory, Which she often had ascended, Must be Carmel, — nearly sotUh now! Then she must have slept a long time,— Or in swoon lain, 一 who could tell her? Yes it was, _ it was a long time!” Cried the cravings of her hunger Which she now became aware of. Happy forethought: — In her bos om She remembers now some viduals,— Frugal meal indeed but plenteous. But next moment she bemoans this That a'vak’ning brings fresh sor rows ;— Now not statving, 一 thirst would kill her! For the briny deep deceitful Wet-nurse! — would, while smiling suffer The entrusted charge to famish! 一 Then she, like her boat a settling From the crest to trough of waters, Felt at heart a sick’ning sinking.— But she in these depth experienced Truth of: ‘Ere ye cried I heard’； and From the watchful eye above her Came a light to her own orbits. “Heavens!” — —cried she of a suclden All a quiver,一“is not yonder What, I crave for most, — a bottle? Yes! — It was a skin, — and filled with Heaven’s nectar, 一 simple water! “Oh, how small things grow in value, If we see them at true angle,— And how gratefully take them!” 一

Were the thoughts that filled Shelomith. Then again she fell to musing:— “King’s attendant he must find me,— Did I say? — Oh whetched beings That my thoughtless oath has made us!— To this see I no solution!’’ In her anxious glances landward Little guessed she, Nasir Abu Followed her as well as might be. In Hopes. But while looking one thought stirred her, Sent a thrill through ev’ry fiber And made musing deeper think ing： — “Was not here where she was float ing Hiram’s path, _ for bringing cedars Down to Joppe? — And was yonder On horizon not the ponderous Mass of mountain — called the Leb’non?— — With the 'King of Trees* the Ce dar ?,J And at once she was decided, 一 Vaguely hoping for redemption:— There in penance would she wander Like to holy shrine the pilgrim!— And become that King’s attendant! There besides, the unrelenting Enemies would scarce suspect her j — But would Nasir Abu seek her? While she looked she grew enrap tured With the sight and thought of Leb’non And that new-born hope within her. For a nonce her tribulations Were forgotten.— — She was carried Upwards, _ soul and thoughts were soaring Like the birds on wing in heavens. She began to chant the praises

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Of the glories of the Leb’non As did poets long before her: “Oh you wondrous Mountain Giant, Friend and keeper of the Seasons, — On your head you carry Winter, And young Spring is on your shoul ders, While on lap you fondle Autumn, And at feet frisks gaudy Summer,— Take me take me, I am coming.” Just then darkness fell about her And her thoughts were drowned in turmoil Of the waters, grown tempestuous. And sweet hope, scarce born, was swallowed By the treach’rous，greedy billows. Ah! A new King took possession Of the heart of poor Shelomith. On the throne, become vacated Through the death of Hope, — Despair now Governed all with loveless harshness! But a guardian hand still held her Casting her, perhaps where Jonah Was by fish cast out of waters! Of her boat remained but splin ters; But herself on reawak’ning Found Shelomith sound in body. Forthwith knew she but one purpose And she hurried ever northward, Begging alms as she proceeded From the shrubs and trees and humans,— Grateful that she has some object For her longing; passed old Tyre and Sidon, further on Berytus, Ancient cities, 一 on to Leb’non，一 To the King of Trees, the Cedar! Nasir Abu found the wreckage， But of hope he could know nothing-. That mere spark, lived under ashes In the heart of his Shelomith, —

Knew not, even she were living! Still the absence of her body Made him search for footsteps some where ;一 Near despair at last he found them, And, once found, in eager traced them. Meanwhile did the maiden travel Fast and straight like unto Venus After killing her Adonis In this region, — and was changed to

Fish, that she escape pursuers. Passing village after village Up the mountain side, past canons, Deep and sheer vet rich in verdure, Did Sheloniilh clamber upwards. And the windings, turns and twistings Of the streams that frolick downwards In the most amazing mazes Cost the foot of poor Shelomith Many weary step; — if measured As the bird flies, it would only Yards have been in many cases Made to her some miles through cir cling, Nasir Abu, far behind her In the trav’ling，could have called her Many times across the chasm; But he dared not lest he scare her, 一 And to see her was contented. But Shelomith looked not backward Straining- upwards, 一 ever upwards On the banks of the Kadisha! Not the green fields; not the silk trees With the cocoons, their precious bur den : Not the beauty, not the grandeur Of the wonderful surroundings In this one spot on earth’s surface; 一 Not the monk built chapels, cloisters,

THE BLACK AND RED Stuck there like some nest on rock face. Not retreats in balms abounding Where the invalids seek succor; Not the waterfalls and cat’racts, Nor abyss of water crater,— Snow-fed basin, source of rivers,— Hold attraction for Shelomith. And at last she reached, six thou sand Feet above the ocean’s level, That vast amphitheatre, 一 which, Placed in horse-shoe shape the moun tain, Semi-circled couch for giants, Is the seat and throne for Cedars! —And arriving here she halted Awed by Glory of this Temple! Finally she broke the silence;— And with much trepidation Went she to the King of Cedars; Bowing low in supplication She made bold to state her errand:— “Take me, King, as your attendant,——This and that is what has happened!" And she told him all her troubles And her hope for a solution;— Through becoming ‘King*s Atten dant !* — But she saw not Nasir Abu. Now when she had thus unbos omed And laid open all her heartaches, Nasir Abu stepped to foreground And addressed the kingly Cedar:— “Give to me, oil King, this virgin, Who by virtue of her oath is Mine, she being your attendant!— Make her mine, —and me vour servant!” The Cedar King. Then the Cedar with much shakmg Of his head gave them this an swer :—

‘‘Rather joining than disrupting Gladly would I see you happy, But 一 I may not act, my children “Are you then” spoke Nasir Abu, “Not a Kingr — He spoke in bold ness ! And as if in some resentment That these words contained detrac tion Spoke the Cedar: 一 “You shall judge this!— And beware of undue rashness!— If I tell you, that four thousand Years I stood here, you may won der. — Let your men of science tell you Who came here to make inquiry,— Whether I make truthful statement! Glancing at my neighbor, — near by

Hundred feet high stands His High ness ，-— Measuring my girth, — near sixty Feet they found that, 一 and then counting All the rings I wear, they granted I had been here since the Deluge! Such was their conclusion’s import. One I heard, who quaintly stated That of Noah’s children Japhet Brought me to the Ark. Then after He had nursed me all that year long While they lived in Ark, 一 he plant ed Me, where now you see me standing. But enough. ’T is not vainglori ous I would have you think me. 一 Only I desire that you acknowledge, By my age I have to honors Highest claim of all the living, Since I, evergreen, remained here, 一 While around me all thrones crumbled! Here I saw them, — all the World pow’rs, Like unto kinetagraphtic

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Pictures passing in succession; And like famous hues and colors Of the Leb'non Mountain ever Changing, as the sun goes westward, In kaleidoscopic colors, 一 Even so I saw the Empires Coming, 一 going; coming, 一 going. There below me man unfolded What he claimed as his attendants. Quickly rose they like the bubbles, And like bubbles quickly bursted; — Frequently their very makers Crashed to ground, — and sank forever Through the weight of their own fol lies l Take yon city on the seashore, Tyre, 一 one time the Queen of Com merce, And supreme on all the waters! Haughty in her riches proudly Sent to sea she hosts of navies,— Concorts to her fleets of shipping, 一 To compel successful conquest Where more peaceful means had failed her! And such distance did they trav erse — They mayhap the earth then circled! And to-day 一 where is her glory?— **Fishermen shall surely over Thee their nets draw!” 一 saith the prophet! Wonderful such words were. But though Unbelievable to skeptics,— Inconceivably ridic’lous, Time made good these words: 一 Her ruins Walls and pillars, to foundations, Took the mighty Alexander, Philipp’s son, of Macedonia, Throwing them into the waters;— Thorugh his soldiery he cast them In the sea, — to build a causeway, That he gain Tyre’s Island fortress

Thus she ended as predicted With the fishermen above her! And the conqueror, where is he? 一 Just a memory for students! At my feet I saw the Great ones Of the world in bloody struggle For the mastery: 一 Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians; . Grecian phalanx; Roman cohorts; And Muhamed’s liords; Crusaders; Recently Napoleon; and so Many, many others, 一 without Counting Sons of Ileth and Isr’el. Driven on by mad ambition Like some tidal wave they rolled by Here at foot of this samc Mountain,— And rolled back again like eddy! 一 Coming, 一 going; coming — go ing !— . . When you leave her read inscrip tions Of their deeds, graved in the Moun tain By themselves, 一 left at my door steps ! Search the world — and you will find, that Not another King possesses At his threshold, on his doorsteps Such collection by the great Ones,— Autobiographic sketches Of their person, valor, visit, 一 Given me in their remembrance! But themselves ?— Again: Where are they ? Yet if all were Kings, then truly The surviving one inherits! 一 I, the King of Trees, the Cedar! I, by virtue of succession! I, by veneral acceptance! 一 Thus my claim stands undisputed “King of Trees!” 一 spoke Nasir /\bu, ~~ “You are right to claim the Title! 一 But now grant m e m y claim! 一

THE BLACK AND BED Give me Her, — who stands here your 'At tendant* !,f But the Cedar said:— — ‘.I may not, For I own my crown no longer \n And in deep love Nasir Abu Here came forth in manly cour age: —“If you lost it, King, I'll find it; Or if stolen, will regain it, Fighting like Saint George of Lydda When he slew the mighty Dragon!— Do but tell me, where to venture;— If I fail 一 I fall attempting!” 一 The Greatest. “To my crown” the Cedar answer, “I lay claim these years no long er; — Nor regret the explanation That I now shall give you briefly.— Listen then! 一 and take it not, that Garrulous I am in dotage!’’ 一 But lie stood for quite some min utes Lost in thought.— At last the Cedar, From his reveries awakened, Brought his story to conclusion:— “Surely I was honored greatly, As I told you, all my life long. —And in honors lurks much danger,— Proneness to becoming haugty Like on great height growing dizzy! Lest there be some counter balance To offset this overbearing Tendency, 一 I dare not think of Consequences! 一 Beneficial In such case I found is being Humbled to the dust by others!— And brought back to safer level. ‘Tis sharp medicine, beleive me: But, since to attain the object Is the vital point,—’twere foolish To in dread reject that process.

In the end, proves so much blessing! Suffering rezterses often, Now I certainly was humbled; First through what they did to me in Battle; this has cost me dearly. Near three thousand years ago it Happened they began to fight me, Pressing harder me and harder. Xumb'ring- perhaps fifty thousand Came they, slaught’ring without mercy. That is where I lost vast numbers; Aye—it is from slow consumption I, like any man, am dying. To Jerusalem they took me And to many other cities Captive, servant, sold in bondage. But I must admit they treated Me with fairness, and positions Of great honor and respect they Gave me in their very Temples! Then I learnt:—There is a secret Sacred order by Creator, That in serving there are pleasures, Even pleasures never dreamt of! Still I dwelt here, decimated Though I was,—and claimed my kingship, Wore my crown, my sceptre wielded! But now came a wondrous Happ’ning For the which I bowed and bared stand, Humble as you see me, and as One must stand before his Master: Long ago here to my Temple’s Hallowed precincts came two mighty Persons,―came for direct combat, Warriors of an higher order. One I knew as Prince of Darkness Called the devil, who for evil Must endure unending darkness. And it seems the utter blindness That engulfs him shows most plainly Therein that lie can no longer Reason clearly and correctly. He who tricked and fooled the others

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Has himself become entangled In the meshes of his making, Has himself grown simply foolish; And though searching, not a loophole Has he found for his escaping Consequences of his misdeeds. Thus he hopes, in blind endeavor And in furtive futile manner, That by tempting and traducing Others,一’twould divide the burden He and all the damned ones carry Making- each one’s burden lighter By distributing the torments,— Yea, make hell for him more easy! Sorry fool he who forgets this That the wrath of God when striking Strikes in even justice only, Though in force accumulating; _ Be He wrathful, be He gracious, When God gives He gives full measure! Here then, where I saw all empires With their riches and their glory And their evanescent culture, Product of distorted reason, Come and go,一the devil offered— Sorry fool!—all to the other, Begged him that he take all,―only In return he, the recipient, Was to tender his allegiance To the giver and acknowledge Clearly him the gracious Master, Who had made the other owner Of the Universe, by rend’ring Worship, just a little worship 1 But the other spurned all saying*. Such is due but to your Maker! f am here to do His bidding!一 Doing else were my undoing! Get thee hence then,一foulest creature! Tempted He remained unsullied! Oh! The vict’ry! It was glorious! And one day on turning eye to Him yoei see across the valley,一 Leb’non’s brother,―called the Hermon,

Lo! There went near to the summit He,— —whom I had seen in royal Combat m my very Temple! Nothing was there in appearance In his favor in partic’lar:— Like a lonely man, forgotten And abused, he seemed to wander. Of a sudden all was darkness Here with me;一that is compared to Wond’rous glow and show of light, 一when

All!—I saw that man transfigured To a beauty uo thing equals! And I heard a voice from Heaven Saying this : “M.Y SON!—BELOVED!” Later came one, who was seeking Here with me and in Arabia Solitude for preparation* That he go and preach the Gospel Of the One一I saw transfigured! Through him heard I how the lonely Had been made the people’s scape goat, Had become the suff’ring servant To releave the guilty suffVers; Had been crucified,—redeeming Thereby man;—and resurrected Proved Himself once more the Vic tor Over death and sin—and Satan! Oh such Love! Past understanding! ’Twas this Love一that won me over To acknowledge Him the Greatest! And where I am but a remnant Of a race, doomed to extinction, Though I be Trees’ King, The Cedar,— He like Aaron’s staff, that sprouted, Grows,—and grows to vast proportions! On His birthday, Christmas ev’nings, *St. Paul.

THE BLACK AND RED How the trees glow,一Him adoring! And his followers are like the Trees,一that grow by living waters! A ye,—Himself the “tree of Life” is! To be arrogant before Him Would be folly, fit for burning At the stake of its own making! Now you see, that I have reason, Not to wear my crown, but,—gladly Abdicating this distinction, Bow before Him,—^SON,一BELOVED 1" Of my crown I made Him off’ring And am proud to be His vassal! Since I could not think of wanting Back the crown, that I have yielded, You will understand, my children, That—I can not cure your troubles! Serving me no longer stands for Serving as a (Kind's Attendcnt!’ Go then, Nasir Abu.一 But I And her rash word.—Peace go with Trust you will respect this maiden you!’’一

And when she, Shelomith, saw how Nasir Abu fought his battle, Winning over what is hardest To subdue,―our wilful self;一and Saw him true to what is noblest, Namely faithfulness to promise; Saw him, though so sadly,―leave her, Since accounting it his duty,— She took courage and determined She would also live contented, Were she ever yet so lonely,— Far away from Nasir Abu. The Harvest. And the blood feud being- settled, We are glad to see Shelomith In the hands of a fair lady MinistVing to Syrian patients In connection with the Missions There Shelomith is assistant, Curing many of their ailments

And there curing- superstitions. Oh how sweet to see on Christmas Her rejoicing; and to hear her Singing with the native children, Kneeling at the Qiristchild manger: Thou beloved Son of God! Born for me and for me dead,— Oh, Thou budding- Aaron’s rod. For me outcast, now my Head! Oh, my King, I am thine own, And, adoring, knee I bend; Let thy pleasure but be known, Gladly will I, Lord, attend! And one Christmas Eve while singingf To the Lord the door had opened;— Nasir Abu stood there,—listened; All that in his heart was burning In his deep and dark eye glistened! Coming nearing to Shelomith Gently said he:一 “Tell me maiden. Do you take reports of Jesus To be true?—Believe your homage His just due?’’ She said:— “Most surely!” “So you mean, what you were singing?”一 He continued. And she countered:一 “Did I not,—how could I sing： it?” “Are you then not liberated?” Nasir Abu’s anxious query Followed.— — Thereupon she answered:一 “Hating sin, but not the sinner He redeemed me,一is my ransom! Purchased me in open market， Of the world, that all could witness! Paid according to the standard Of the justice of His Father,— For our life He gave His lifeblood. And released us from foul bondage, That we be a slave no longer To sin’s horrid consequences. Oh, the love of such a Shepherd!

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Like a strayed and weakling lambkin Of her Saviour,一never entered Born on ami of loving shepherd, In the maid’s heart thought of free Or like chosen woman folded dom To the heart of shepherd lover, In this sense!— She all but fainted, Gathered He me in His bosom! Oh! This Prince bought, won and When this freedom dawned upon her!一 woed me Oh how happy, happy was she E’en before He made me precious! In the arms of Nasir Abu;— In Him have I found my retnge,— How her heart rejoiced to hear liim And I owe Him all allegiance \n一 Then once more spoke Nasir Abu: Say to her:—“My own Shelomith !M And she echoed:— — “You believe Him, oh Shelomith,— “Oh! The glory Should not I believe your promise To be mine, 一 when ‘King’s At- That I am true King’s Attendant! And through Him in truth ‘Shelotendant ?*— mitli’，一 In this sense are you not free now To redeem this word you pledged ‘Peacefulness’一through Him * Prince Peacefur! me?— Nasir Abu,一your Shelomith!” Even now I heard you serve Him As your *KING，!” In all her service —August C. Bendler.

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AMERICA’S CALL TO YOUTHFUL AMERICA. (Commencement Oration by Alfred J. Schweppe.) When Alexander the Great projected his irresistible advance, his goal was to conquer the world; when Napoleon I planned his universal monarchy, his •aim was to give his name indelible impress on the annals of history; but when the fathers of the American Revolution entered into the heartrending struggle to tear asunder the fetters which ignominiously retained them to the crown of Great Britain, they did it to preserve the inalienable rights of the people, to promote the common welfare, and to facilitate the fruition of life, liberty, and happiness. Held to such a bounded duty, imbued with such a noble purpose, they and their efforts were crowned with success, and they laid fast and firm the foundations to the grand republic which has become the wonder of all the earth. Blessed of Heaven has been llic lot of this republic. Endowed with. un limited resources of earth, nature, and men, protected by a natural felicity of position agtiinst the ravaging1 inroads of a foreign host, and provided year after year with the unlimited bounty of a fertile soil, it has assumed an enviable station amoiiff tlic powers of the world. It has produced great statesmen, orators, and heroes. It has shown the world new fields of dis covery, new creations of invention. new achievements in experimentation. It vies with all the earth in the realms of art, letters, and the practical appli cation of science. It has entered the race for the commercial, social, and ethical supremacy of the globe. Surely the advent of the New World has rejuvenated the Old. It has revived grand ideals, set new standards, and made way for a prosperity that commands the admiration and envy of all the nations of the universe. Truly that is greatness indeed! But it was achieved only through the efforts of a valiant soldiery, the endeavor of the laborer inured to his toil, and the perseverance of the statesman perfused with the spirit of liberty. Thus ancestry has done its deed and left its mark. It lias bequeathed the legacy of its labor to the present generation. It has smoothed the pathway of the past and opened the highroad of further progress. It has posited in the hands of the present the welfare of the future. The means are there, the ways and the opportunities. Wanted is the aggressor, the carrier of the message of generations past and gone, the bearer of the colors they placed on high, the wearer of the armor they placed in readiness. May he respond, this messenger, this color-bearer, with the same vigor, energy, and fervor that characterized those who imposed the trust. May he not be found wanting in the slightest detail. May he strive ever with the alacrity, willingness, and care that is requisite to the comipletion of his work. In truth, the responsibility which confronts the youth of America is no trifle. His course is marked, his trail is blazed, his task is set! ^The child is father of the man.” The American child of to-day is the American man of to-morrow. On him devolves the duty of preserving the nation. On him rests the burden of future American existence. As his ancestors were of the past, so is he the builder of the edifice of future

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national greatness. America calls for men. The call must soon be answered by the American youth. And efficient he must be to cope with all the prob lems that appear. He must be properly nurtured. He must be provided with the necessary equipment. He must be impressed with his opportunity. He must see his duty. . The capable American youth comes from a family of happy surroundings. The ration stands or falls as the home-life of its families thrives or latiquislies. The family life in small portrays the national life in large. Peace, harmony, and concord in the family mean the same qualities in the ntaion. Co-opera tion in the family makes for co-operation in the government. It is from a happy family, from an environment of peacefulness, obedience, and sincerity that the future builders of our nation should spring. Characters are formed in the home and adopted later, but the felicity of formation is an earnest of successful adaptation. The characteristics of the American youth are seen in the future American man. Thus the American youth who is to be fully equipped to attack the problems left for his solving, ought to.be subjected to all the benign influences of harmonious home-life to mould his character and steel it against the onslaughts and buffetings of a rough and unsympathetic world and give him a living impetus as he begins to search out the oases in the desert of uncompromising facts. The American lad in his happy home has his work, play, and pleasure, but he must also have an education. He must be able to combine physical strength with' mental vigor and correct acting with right thinking. America demands that its youth be educated. Education fosters true citizenship, and true citizenship furthers the well-being of the nation. Education, therefore, the American youth must have, be it derived from activity on the farm and communion with nature, or be it acquired in the common or parochial school, high school, academy, college, or university. Education, the youthful Ameri can should realize, does not make his duties easier, but directs him to compre hend them in all their magnitude: does not solve his problems for him, but provides him with the means necessary to solution; does not fight his battles for him, but furnishes him with a better method of attack. Education docs not do his work, but prepares him for it. Education creates the implements of future toil for the youthful builder of the nation, who must erect to greater heights our national edifice, at the same time keeping its foundations in good repair. " Education and Christianity should go hand in hand. A good Christian makes the best citizen, because he sees in the natural the working of the super natural. In every disaster, in every triumph, in every event of human experience he beholds the divine tracings of the finger of God. Therefore he succumbs to Clod’s will and gives the best that is in him to the welfare of a government which he perceives God has placed over him to guard and keep him according to His eternal purpose. However, the Christian American does not combine his church with his state; far from it, but he allows the s^te benefit by his Christianity. The state protects the church, while the dhurch makes good, sincere and obedient citizens, thus helping the state. For only such can build a nation into true greatness who have the fear of

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OTTO P. MEDENWALD

CORNELIA SCHLUETER

ALFRED J. SCHWEPPE

GEORGE KOBS

PAUL H. LUTZKE

LEON C. DROWATZKY

ADOLPH J. STIEMKE

AUGUST E. KEHRBERG

RICHARD M. JAHNKE

MARTIN J. GLAESER

HENRY C. NITZ

KURT KOEHLER

EDWARD E. KOLANDER

MARTIN ；. WEHAUSEN

ALBERT MANTHEY

WILLIAM J. L1NDLOFF

WILLIAM ；. HAAR

THEODOR EGGERS

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God in their hearts and no other. And so, nurtured among happy home influences, and equipped with a thorough education and a good Christian training, the youth of America is ready to begin, ready to combat with the problems that confront llic nation. Problems indeed they are! Yet he owes his nation much; and in propor tion as he owes, he is prepared to give. The average American is often accused and perhaps to some extent guilty of frivolity and selfishness; of frivolity, in that he sees only to the delectation of self exclusive of others; of selfishness, in that he concentrates his powers solely on the race for the almighty dollar, leaving the sphere of activity without him to fare as best it may. But the ideal American youth is more magnanimous, more highminded, more self-sacrificing, and knows that he must give his time and energy to the preservation and upbuilding of our glorious union. He must keep steadily in view the interests and honor of the whole nation. He must protect our interests at home and defend our honor and dignity abroad. His is the duty of transmitting inviolate to posterity the fair character and inestimable liberty of our country. He must safeguard liberty of conscience, freedom of speech, and immunity of the press. He must shield all the valuable rights which are secured by our federal constitu tion. \\ lu'ncver factional spirit shall strain the sacred guaranties of liberty, whenever bigotry and ignorance shall strike its tentacles into the liberality of our oMucatiou, whenever arrogance shall seek to abolish equal privileges lo all, whenever graft and corruption shall pour its venom into the fountains of our national life: llien the youth of America beholds the nation’s problems and must prepare to meet them with all the vigor and righteousness born of liberal education and Christian earnestness. He must be loyal to the trust of past and passing generations and manfully strive to suppress the subversive influences which tend to weaken the bulwarks of the ship of state. The age calls for progress. To stand still is to retrograde. The American youth must not only endeavor to preserve, but he must augment the prestige of his country. Never before has there been so great a necessity for wise and disinterested statesmen and for honest, loyal and scrupulous busi ness men. Washington clamors for sagacious public men, the West cries for tillers of the soil, and the Christian church, the first aid to the govemment, calls for workers in the vineyards of the Lord. In every branch of national life there is demand and call for the American youth, well equipped and . endued with sense of duty and with purpose to upbuild our nation to heights as yet unsealed. The knock of opportunity sounds as never before; [ever before has the plain of life presented such an advantageous plan of battle; never before has the nation had such need of the youth who can do and toil and accomplish. What may not the future hold! The future is cast in the mould of the present. The true permanence and greatness of a nation depends on the intelligence, the ability, and the purpose of its youth to upbuild rather than ^ear down, to uphold rather than suffer to fall, to preserve rather than destroy. The American youth of to-day is the American man of to-morrow. America waits on him for its food, its dothing, its care, its protection, for

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all that is conducive to the welfare, peace, and happiness of the race, The youth must answer the call of America. If he fail to answer, bis memory shall perish in the abyss of time. I f he respond and succeed lie shall stand as an oak, the symbol of power, deserving of laurel, tbc emblem of glory.-And upon him shall be lavished the gratitude of a thankful people, and his genera tion shall be revered and held in esteem as long as mankind shall continue to honor energy, initiative, industry, courage, and faithful endeavor.

ZUM JUBILAUMFESTE UNSERER ALMA MATER. O, Alma Mater, die du fiinfzig J ah re, Wie milder Rcgcn durre Fluren fcuchtet, Die wissbegicrigc Jugcncl hast crlcuchtet, O, dass sie kiinitig auch sich um dich scliare! Und mogc stets der Weisbeit walire Krone, Die Bibcl Basis deiner Lehren bleiben, Auch Luthers Geist sicli jedem einverleiben, Dass tiicht’gc Manner werden dir zum Lohne Wir aber, cleinc Sohnc, 'voe’cii dich elircn, Zu dcincm Jubclfcstc singen Licder, Gedenkend deiner scgenvollen Lehren. Und Gott, zu dem wir bitten, steige nieder, Er segne dich und wolle dir bescheren Den Fortbcstand, wic vorhin so auch wieder! —G. J. S., ’!7. VERGISS NIOHT, DASS DU EIN DEUTSCHER BIST. (Deutsche Rede gehaltcn bci der Aktusfeier am 19. Juni, 1915.) Als im Jahre 1658 der Grosse Kurfiirst sicli gezwungcn sah, gegen Schweden in den Krieg zu zielien, richtele er eine Flugschrift an seine Landsleute, in der er ihnen sagte, was sic fur die Eh re des deutschen Namens zu tun hatten. Gegen Ende dieser Schrift sagte der Verfasser: ^Bedenke, dass du ein Deutscher bist!” Alle anderen lntcresscn sollten sic also bciseite lassen. Es hicss entwedcr dcutsch blcibcn odcr schwcdisch werden.一 Auch in dem jetzigen Weltkricg sieht man, wie in Deutschland alle Unterschiede in der Religion, in politischen Ansichtcn, in Standen, in Berufen, wie alle diese Unterschiede beiseite gcschoben werden, wie die Deutschen kampfen als ein Mann, wie eines jeden Losung ist: Bedenke, dass du ein Deutscher bist! Sie kampfen fiir ihre Existenz, fiir das Deutschtum. Aber auch den Deutschen in unserem Lande gilt dies Wort. Man liest in vielen englischen Blattern so viel von deutschen Barbarcn, von deutschen Greueltaten, von der niedrigen deutschen Kultur, dass mancher Deutscher sich vielleicht seiner Abkunft schamt oder sie gar vielleicht ganz verleugnet.

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Ja fur die eingevvandcrten Deutschen und fiir deren Nachkommen gilt es ganz besonders: Vcrgiss nicht, class du cin Deutscher bist! Da mochte nun wolil jemand sagen: Wir waren Deutsche, nun aber sind wir Amcrikaner. Ein andrer vvird vielleicht sagen: Das ist wohl gut fur unsere Eltern; die waren deutsch. Wir aber sind in Amerika geboren und sollen darum auch unscrm Vaterlande treu sein. In diesen Einwanden liegt ctwas Wahres. Und dennoch gilt es von den eingevvanderten Deutschen und ihren Nachkommen: Vergiss nicht, class du ein Deutscher bist. Wir Dcutsch-Amerikaner liabcn Deutschland so viel zu verdanken, dass wir es cinfach nicht vergessen konnen. Es ware die schierste Undankbarkeit unscrerseits, wenn wir vergessen wlirden, dass wir Deutsche sind. Wenn nun cin Deutscher liier cinwandert, so befleissigt er sich, so schnell wic moglich die Landcssprachc zu lernen. Das ist auch ein lobenswertes Strcben. Ja es ist sogar Pflicht dcs Ein wanderers, die Sprache seiner neuen Heimat sioh anzueignen. Leider gibt es aber unter den Deutschen sehr viele, die, sobald sic cin paar Brocken Englisch konnen, ihre Muttersprache ganz vergessen, ja sicli sogar sebamen, in der Oeffentlichkeit Deutsch zu sprechen. Es gibt kein traurigercs Schauspicl als zu schen, 'vie ein Deutscher versucht, Englisch zu radcbrcchen, wo cr cigentlich Deutsch reden sollte. Wird er aber gezwungen, cinnial Deutsch zu reden, so erfahrt man, dass er auch seine Muttersprache nicht mclir ordentlich spricht. Schon im Lichtc der Zwccknuissigkcit bctrachtct, ist es doch von unermesslichem Werte, wenn cincr zwei Sprachen beherrscht. Ganz besonders grossen Wert hat es aber, wenn man neben der englischen Sprache auch noch die so weit verbreitete dcutschc Sprache vcrstcht. Auf Reisen (lurch fremde Lander ist es von bedcutenclcm Nutzcn, wenn man der deutschen Sprache machtig ist. Und erst recht im Geschiift, da ist es heutzutage fast notwendig, dass man zwei Sprachen kann. Tatsache ist, das demjenigen ein besseres Fortkommen offen stcht, der Deutsch und Englisch kann. Will aber jemand griindlichc wissenschaftliche Studien machen, so kann cr nicht umhin, die deutsche Sprache zu lernen. Die englischen und auch dass die bedeutendsten die amcrikanischcn Gclehrtcn mussen zugestehen, _ uml hervorragendsten Wcrke auf fast alien Gebieten der Wissenschaft von deutschen Vcrfassern gcschricben sind. Wer also nicht Deutsch kann, dem stehen diesc Qucllen cinfach nicht zur Verfiigung. Und vollcnds, wo es sich um Bildung handelt. Man mochte fast sagen, dass derjenige einseitig gebildct ist, der nicht die deutsche. Literatur kennt, oder der sich mit cinzelnen Brucbstiicken in Uebersetzungcn behelfen muss. Es liat cinmal jemand gesagt, deutsche Bildung sei Menschheitsbildung. Wenn nun auch die deutsche Bildung nicht vollkommen ist, so ist sie doch die Bildung, die dem Ideal der Vollkommenheit am nachsten kommt. Wenn die deutsche Sprache also eine so vorzugliche ist, dass man sie fast nicht entbehren kann, wic darf, wic kann ein Deutscher sie dann vergessen ? Wir sollen aber auch nicht vergessen, class wir Deutsche sind, wegen der deutschen Erziehung. Die deutsche Erziehung beruht auf einer christlichen Grundlage. Hiermit soil nicht gesagt sein, dass andere Nationen nicht auch eine christliche Erziehung haben. Aber Gott hat den Deutschen die grosse

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Gabe der Reformation geschcnkt und mit ihr die unvergleichliche deutsche Uebersetzung der B^ibcl. Durch diesc grosse Gnadcngal^c Gottcs ist das Evangelium tief in die deutsche Scele eingedrungen. Der Einfluss, den die Lutherbibel auf die deutsche Sprachc und auf den deutschen Charakter ausgeiibt hat, ist unberechenbar. Man mochtc ^ast sagen, die deutsche Sprache ist lutherisch. Denn die Denkwcise hangt mit der Sprachc zusammen. Deshalb ist aucli die deutsche Erziehung die beste, die es gibt. Vergiss also nicht, dass du ciii Dcutschcr bist; denn die deutsche Erziehung ist eine musterhafte Erziehung! Wegen der vortrefilichen deutschen Erziehung finden wii. bci den Dcutschen auch soldi unubertrcfiliche Charaktcrziige. Nicht dass die Deutschen von Natur besser waren als die Franzosen, Englander odcr Russcn. Denn von Natur sind alle Mensclien glcich; keinem sind Tugenden angeboren. Aber infolge der vicrhundcrtjalirigen Zucht der Reformation lmben die Deutschen jene hervorragcnclen Eigcnschaftcn crlangt, die auch sogar von ihren Feindcn anerkannt und bewundert werden. Eiiic wicliligc Charaktereigenschaft der Deutschen, die uns in dem jeUigcn Kricgc besonders vor die Augen tritt, ist das deutsche Pllichtgcfiihl. Der Deutsche weiss, was es heisst: Jedermann sei untertan der Obrigkeit, die Gewalt uber ihn hat. Es gibt keinen andern Soldatcn, der so trculich auf scincm Poston verharrt 'vie der Deutsche. Mit dicscm Pflichtgcfiihl hangt eng zusanimcn (lie Treuc der Deutschen. Diese Charaktcrcigenschaft wurdc schon bci den alien Gcrmanen sehr hoch gesohatzt. Wic liocli die Trcuc von den Deutschen gclialtcn wird, sehen wir aucli aus den viclcn Volkslicdern, die diese Tugencl zu ihrem Gegenstande haben. Die Treue beweist der Deutsche auch gegen scin Vaterland. Gibt es wohl ein auderes Volk, class sich so auszciclinct (lurch seine Vaterlandslicbe 'vie (las deutsche ? Sehen wir doch, wic jung und alt ihreni Vaterlande willig die grossten Opfer bringen, 'venn es in Not ist. Es licssen sich lioch vide andere hervorragende Charaktcrcigcnschaftcn der DeutÂ schen aufzahlen. Da ware noch zu erwahnen die deutsche Frommigkeit, die deutsche Ehrlichkeit, der deutsche Fleiss, die deutsche Walirhcitslicbc, dcr deutsche Sinn fur Gerechtigkeit, die deutsche Mildc, die schonc deutsche Gemutswamic, die deutsche Schatzung der idealen Giilcr, dcr deutsche Frohsinn und der Sinn fiir die Posie des Lebcns. Wir mussen nun aber Icidcr zugestchcn, class viclcn Deutschen diese guten Eigcnschaftcn mehr oder weniger verlorcn gegangen sind, dass viele Deutssche das Deutschtum verlassen und ihre Herkunft vcrlcugnet haben, dass viele dem Luthertum untreu geworden und von dem Evangelium abgefallen sind. Viele sind nicht mehr bemuht, die hcrrlichcn deutschen Charaktereigenschaften zu bewahren und zu pflegen. Aber dcnnoch sind sie dem deutschen Volke geschenkt. Und sind es nicht kostbare Guter ? Wollen wir nun dieses kosttlicbe Erbe dcr Viitcr vcrschmiilien ? Wollen wir dies Kleinod verachten ? Nic und nimmer! Wir sind dcutsch und wollen dcutsch bleiben. Wir konnen trotzdem treue Burger dieses Landes sein. Ja je mehr wir uns befleissigen, die deutschen Charakterzuge beizubehaltcn, desto bessere Burger unsercs Landes werden wir sein. Wir sollen das herrliche Erbe, das wir von unseren Vatem haben, auch unserem Lande

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dienstbar machen. Warum sollen also die deutschen Einwanderer und ihre Nachkommen sich so schnell 'vie moglich anglisieren ? Soil es von uns Deutschen, die wir liier untcr einer fremden Nation sind, heissen: Versunken und vergessen ? Lassen Sie uns deslialb nicht vergessen, class wir Deutsche sind. Lassen Sie uns (las Deutsclitum und vor allem die deutsche Sprache in unserm Lande pHegen. Ein Deutschcr soil mit Deutschen Deutsch sprechen, und diese Sprache soil er aucli seinen Kindern hinterlassen. Wir geben einen wesentliclicn Tcil unscrcs Erbcs auf, wenn wir unsere deutsche Sprache aufgeben. Da fragt vielleicht jemand: Konnen wir diese Eigenschaften denn nicht bcibehallcn, oline die Sprache ? Nein. Denn deutsche Sprache, deut schcr Geist; cnglischc Sprache, cnglischer Geist. Ja es kommt leider haufig vor, class gcradc diejenigen Deutschen, die ihre Sprache vergessen oder verleugnct haben, Dcutschcnhasser werden. Es ist deslialb unsere heilige Pflicht, der Mannung des Dichtcrs nachzukommen, wenn er sagt: Die deutsche Sprache soil crklingen, Wo deutsche I land den Herd erbaut; Frci aus dem Herzen soil sich ringen Das Lied in licimatlichem Laut; Das Schonc, Kdle, Ernste, Grosse lTnd Trcuc, Wahrheit, Tugend, Licht Iilcibt eigen unsres Herzens Sprache, Vcrgisst es dculsche Sprache nicht! Wenn wir dicscm Mahnruf folgen, so werden wir auch verstehen, mit welchen Gefiihlcn Schenkcndorf von der Muttersprache gesungen hat: Ucberall wcht Gottcs Hauch, Ilcilig ist wohl mancher Brauch; Aber soil ich beten, danken, Geb ich meine Licbe kund, Meinc seligsten Gedanken, Sprcch icli 'vie der Mutter Mund. Gcradc in dicscr fur Deutschland so schweren Zeit wollen wir als Deut sche Farbe bekennen und uns nicht schamen, class wir Deutsche sind. Gerade in dieser aufgercgten und traurigen Zeit lassen Sie uns den kostbaren Schatz des Deutschlums liochachtcn, der uns von unsern Vorfahren iiberliefert ist. Gerade jetzt moge unsere Losung sein: Vergiss nicht, dass du H. C. Nitz, ’15. ein Deutschcr bist! What are wc set on earth for ? Say, to toil Nor seek to leave thy tending of the vines, For all the heat o* the day, till it declines And Death’s mild curfew shall from work assoil God did anoint thee with His odorous oil To wrestle, not to reign. —Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

THE BLACK AND RED SUMMER. Yon sturdy oak upon that open glade To weary peasant grants refreshing shade. And yonder little rill that ripples still Calls softly languid kine their maws to fill. The eaglet soars on high with watcliful eye To seek his shady haunt that’s somewhere nigh, And every living thing proclaims as near The warmest, richest season of the year. Tis here in all its grand and great array, The time when all the world reaps costly store Beneath the perspiration of the brow. ’Tis here, and man and beast each in his way May grateful be for goodness evermore And thankfully to their Creator bow. —L. C. D.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the StudcnU of the Northwoatern College,

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FAREWELL. Time rolls its ceaseless course, Seniors, and has brought you to your goal. You have reached the mark which you hoped to attain. You are graduates. Your years of work have awarded you and made you fit to meet a world full of adversity and strife. You can look at the world before you without the diffidence of the man whom such preparation as you have received has been denied. Your Alma Mater has made men of you, men of whom she is proud.

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Goodby, friends! With your graduation you sever practically all your relations with Northwestern. You will, as dutiful children of your Alma Mater, preserve the memory of her in highest esteem. You will have your friends here as now. You will take intense interest in her wlfare, and that of all her undergraduates. But still you must leave the things which once were under your care; you must leave organizations thrive in the hands of others. All these petty offices have helped to make the man of you. They nave given you practical experience, aside from the theoretical experience, which your text-books had to offer you. All these things you must leave ancl face a world of strange and unaccustomed people and labors. Your Alma Mater expects much of you. She has devoted all her energy and time to giving you this armor and shield against the world. You must reimburse her. Go forth then with the blessing of your school and friends and “make good!” You have a trust to fulfill and you have received the means where with to fulfill it. It is the tenderest wish of the school and friends you leave that you shall succeed and prove men, true Northwestern men. 一W. 本

AT ROME DO AS ROMANS DO.

This pithy little sentence contains the central though 1； of Greek and Roman ideas of naturalization. Philosophers, writers and statesmen expostu lated on this subject at times when aliens immigrated into these countries. They wished to maintain a united country, they wanted every one lo become a real citizen, a part of a whole, the state: so that in case of war, the country mi be united and not one stand back for some reason or other, e could apply this little sentence in many ways, as for instance, in our country as it is to-day. The greater part of the American public is not doing as Americans should do. There is a superabundance of sympathy and antipathy in the Americans with the belligerent countries of Europe, but not only that, some of our “Americans” even go so far as to aicl their favorites in the strife in various ways, even if their country suffers through the act. But we will discard that view of the little sentence and apply it to something more concerning us as students, our school-life. Our student-body is also a miniature state. We have our governing bodies, suffrage, in general, everything any large body politic or commonwealth has. And there are phases in our student-life that are exact parallels of some affairs in a stale, as for instance the immigration of aliens. This latter happens at almost all schools and especially at our college. A number of such “alien” students enter our institution each year and enter one of the upper classes. Naturally these people are not imbued witli that spirit which students ‘.born and bred” at the institution have. If they do •not after their entrance live and act in a true spirit of loyalty, if they hold aloof from the activities and life of loyal students, if they do

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not do as Northwesterners should, the bond of unity will be severed. Now we do not mean to condemn our immigrants and exalt our own method of doing things and raise our own standards to the skies. We must admit that we bear the marks of imperfection and fraility as much as other schools. We have an incredibly large field open for improvement and to that end we must strive, and to tliat end we need unity and co-operation and friendliness among all. Thus our immigrants instead perhaps of looking down upon us on account of our deficiencies and making use of them to attain for them selves the leading positions and honors, ought to recognize our good sides and also some of the advantages which our school has over the ones in which they received their preliminary education. They may be loyal to their old school without boasting of its superiority and remarking our inferiority at every occasion. As it is, they make no efforts to better conditions among their fellow-students and become united to one whole with them, but rather look askance at all our errors and wink at theirs. Such actions bring about a spirit of dissatisfaction among ourselves and we then begin to view the new comers with suspicion. This would not be the case, however, were all our immigrants to follow, as many have done, the words of this proverb. By combining our efforts and profiting by each other’s advice we might then reemdy the defects which our school may have. This, however, calls for unity and harmony not clissention in our ranks, and it can be accomp lished only in a Roman, not in ail anti-Roman way. —O. C.: K.

Procrastination is the thief of time; Year after year it steals till all are fled, And to the mercies of a moment leaves The vast concerns of an eternal scene. —Young. Be thyself and know thyself to be.—Shelley.

Why to God’s goodness cannot we be true And so. His gifts and promises between, Feed to the last on pleasures ever new? —Scott. Could beauty, My Lord, have better commerce than with honesty ?— Shakespeare. * Cultivation is as necessary to the mind as food to the body.—Cicero.

C©LL1^3E 3M©TESa

(A Graphic Account of the Bloody Battle of Juneau, Including All Imme diate and Remote Causes, All Preliminaries and Sequels.一By An Eye-Witness.) It was early on the morning of the twenty-fourth day of May. I sat^up in my bed and peered through the window. No moon, no star was visfole. Darkness and stillness defied the faculties of eye and ear. The rosy-fingered Aurora had not yet risen from the side of her beloved Tithon. Again I tried to sleep, but in vain. My nerves were unstrung, my mind troubled, while my imagination was ever picturing the hideous apparitions which I had seen in my dreams during the whole night. Restlessly I tossed from one side of my cot to the other. Surely there was mischief afoot somewhere! Perhaps some strange destiny was to be fulfilled, perhaps a dire calamity imminent. While musing thus, my attention was arrested by a light step in the hallway before my bedroom door. Another and another!—Two parties addressed each other in a weird, muffled tone. What they said was unintelligible to me, yet it seemed to be a matter of the gravest importance, judging from an exclamation of surprise in the middle of their conversation. Finally they concluded, one saying in a louder voice: “Too bad indeed, Wap, perhaps it’ll turn out all right though. In the meanwhile let’s play a game of chess.” I recognized the voice now. It was that of the sentry on guard. My pulse beat faster. Ought I not warn the guard and relate the porten tous dreams which had disturbed my repose during the night ? And yet what should I fear? Our country was not at war. It was absurd! Per haps the communication of the sentries had concerned some personal or unimportant things. Undoubtedly! I reflected on times gone by and tried to conjure up some of the aerial spirits to draw an analogy between myself and the ancient Aeneas. I was just succeeding admirably to my notion, when Virgil artfully led me to the entrance of Hades and pointed downwards. I

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plunged headlong into the depths, fell in the river Lethe and was in a different world. . A rat a tat tat! A rat a tat tat! I raised my head. That was the sound of. the reveille! And there in sadly broken accents came the piercing _ trumpet. Indeed the mighty Luther himself could not have spoken with a more majestic voice. I jumped from my bed and found to my great astonish ment, that it was still dark. Did we want to outstrip Phoebus ? Since, how ever, none was there to solve the enigma, I followed.the example of my roommates and donned my apparel as quickly as possible to ascertain the cause of this unwontedly early awakening. Everyone was soon astir. It was rumored about that the sentinels had given chase to a certain desperado who had been seen prowling about on the premises, but who that desperado was, whether he had killed the guards, whether he had left his body and fled with his soul or fled with both, we were yet to learn. Not until we had partaken of our breakfast were we informed as to the true state of alTairs, and bad enough they were then too! It seems that the sentries had noticed a flickering light in the refectory at about 3 :oo o’clock in the morning. Tlicy had hardly come closer to inspect when the back door opened from within and a huge figure stepped out. He stopped and puffed energetically at the cigarette which he had just lighted. What did his presence there portend ? He was a stranger. Evidently a thief intent upon making a raid on the kithcen. The sentinels raised their pieces and bid him disclose his identity and the object of his visit. Hs answer was a curdling whoop and a mighty jump forward, which so frightened the senti nels that lie had already disappeared in the shadows when they somewhat recovered their composure. I11 leaping, however, the burly stranger had lost his cap. The sentinels picked it up and examined it. It contained some papers and letters which they immediately transmitted to their superior officer. Upon perusing these it was found that the nightly visitor had been no other than the notorious Captain Jacques, whose nocturnal depredations on innocent communities had lately made his name a synonym for fear and terror in southern Wisconsin. Furthermore it was learned that this daring chieftain with his band of adventurers was now encamped near Juneau, a town about sixteen miles north from here, from where he contemplated mak ing an attack on our abode two nights later. The officers’ staff was imme diately convened to resolve what steps to take in the present exigency. All agreed that early action was to be recommended, and it was soon decided to undertake a march to Juneau this very morning to discover the whereabouts of the ruthless band and annihilate it or perish in the attempt. From then until five o’clock all was bustle and preparation. Soldiers accoutred themselves in full uniform, friends and future relatives crowded about to bid their beloved ones goodbye~perhaps for the last time■—What a terrible thought! It made our brave men tremble to think that their lives hung on a thread today. Then came the stern “Fall in” of the sergeant, and a few minutes later I was marching with the rest along Western Ave” opr. colors flying, our drums thundering, our cornets shrilling, our piccolos and our clarinets shrieking.

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The roads were exceptionally muddy, it having rained in torrents on the preceding day. It was therefore decided to march along the railroad track, and thus taking it literally, we went to Juneau via rail. Although the way was long and tiresome, there was not one of our men whose persever ance and hardihood did not stand him in good stead to cope successfully with the enormous fatigue and other difficulties encountered on the journey. When at length the glittering spires and lofty towers of Juneau were beheld in the distance, the sight evoked a shout of joy from the boys in blue and the nearer we came to our destination the more our enthusiasm waxed and the more eager were we to enter the fray. We reached the city proper at io :oo a. m. and partook of a hasty lunch. Then the ranks were formed again, the flag was hoisted, the band struck up a martial air, and the whole division marched through the main streets of the town, receiving cheer after cheer from the assembled citizens, who were delighted at the prospect of being rid of the hated Jacques and his unprinci pled pillagers in the near future. The long procession headed for the Lutheran Church, where we attended the customary Whit Monday services. After this our respective quarters were allotted to us by the Rev. Chr. Sauer, he members of whose congregation had willingly taken it upon themselves o board and lodge us during our stay. We were then dismissed for a space )f about two hours to eat our dinner and to gather what extra strength and fortitude we might need for the desperate conflict to take place in the after noon. I shall pass over the less important event of eating dinner rather quickly, only stopping to remark that the viands set before us were of superb quality, in short, such as only the most experienced and capable cooks could venture only to think of preparing. It was just before the battle. The whereabouts of the robbers had been discovered by numerous spies sent out for that purpose. They were encamped in a small thick woods quite near the town and although undoubtedly aware of the presence of the military force in their vicinity, had taken no measures for precaution or fortification, evidently relying on their usual luck and prowess in skirmishes. Their self-reliance in this instance, how ever, was to prove fatal, for they reckoned not that they were dealing- with a military genius of the highest order in the person of our commander, O. Medenwald. Our forces were mustered on the green to the north of the clump of trees. An immense concourse of people had assembled behind embankments and buildings safe from bullet range, so as to witness the contest. The cap tain sent three of his trustworthy officers out to reconnoitre the condition of the field lying between our station and the wood. In the meantime he fired the ardor of his soldiers to the utmost by reminding them of the undying glory and the laurels which awaited them should they fight bravely and be victorious. The scouts, however, failed to return. The officers professed uneasiness as to their prolonged absence. Over half an hour had elapsed • when two sentinels suddenly rushed into the camp bearing the unconscious form of one of the scouting officers. For a moment all was confusion. Every means of revivifying was employed at once, and we soon had the

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pleasure of seeing our comrade open his eyes once more. Briefly he recounted all that had happened. Iiis brother officers hacl been instantly killed by shots fired from an ambuscade while he hacl succeeded in dragging himself to the sentinel posts despite a serious wound. Captain Medcinvald instantly gave orders to advance so as to ，recover the two corpses at least. In a few moments we were near the enemy's lines. Shots were exchanged. A number of the robbers fell. This, however incensed tlicm; with a veil thev came forward and a fierce scrimmage ensued. We will not now attempt lo emulate the actions of the French and English censors and reporters, but openly admit that our party，was quite severely repulsed, and the worst of all our ensign was captured. The signal was given to fall back. The enemy also withdrew and cacli side carried its dead away. The members of the .Red Cross Society, under the management of their able doctor, K. \. K. R. T. Rooster, now rendered invaluable assistance. All wounds were healed with Esculapian dexterity and rapidity; besides tlii.c, the famous doctor is possessor of a secret yet wonderful, almost supernatural method of resuscitation, through which he had only to touch the “dead” and administer a few drops of magic spirits to them, when they arose and were as sound and healthv as ever before. This therefore saved our men the time of inlcrrinp： witli all tlic riles connected therewith, while on the oilier liand it l)roujj：lU our force un to the original number. The genial intellect of our brilliant commander had already devised a new plan of attack, a plan which, if well carried out, could not fail to thwart and overwhelm any foe. He dispatched two bodies of infantry, one to the right, the other to the left, with instructions to steal around the enemy unobserved and attack them suddenly on their flank and rear, whilst he would again sally forth with our remaining： number to draw them from their fastness and thus divert tlicir attention. This plan was carefully followed and everything- pro ceeded admirably. The Imshrangcrs came a lonp： way to meet llio battalions headed by the captain. They were quite confident of victory this time. What then was tlicir intense surprise, tlicir discomfitiire. their rage, and their ulti mate despair when they perceived our brave men closing in on them from all sides. Further resistance was useless. For the first time in his life the haughty and reckless Capt. Jacques was forced to wave the white flag. The freebooters were made prisoners, After a trial bv court-martial their leader was sentenced to be shot, a decree which was carried out immediately. Thus was ended happily the battle on wliicli hinged all the hopes and future joys of peace-loving people in soutlicrn Wisconsin. Without bcitic： guilty of Sulla’s exaggeration we may sav tliat not one of our men was lost. All had remained intact. The people thronged around the soldiers, eager to express their thanks. In the meanwhile the sun was setting. Everyone was returning to his home. The shepherd led his valiant flock across the bloody field, disncllinir their fears p.nd niis.crivinjrs l:y (lie magic tones of lijis 'Oonn syrinx. The illustrious day was thus brought to a dose. In the evening the entire .populace of Juneau, we, the victors, and the prisoners, who had suddenly become proselytes to order and civilization, cele brated the happy outcome of the battle in a fitting way in the large airy

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pavilion of the park. The band played, while melodious voices blended their sweet powers to beautiful harmonies during the intermissions. Rejoicing was universal. The finale consisted in traveling homeward, welcoming the refreshing Somnus, and charging the sylphs and elves to magnify and extol our brave deeds of the day in our dreams. The next morning we took leave of our hospitable hosts and boarded the train for Watertown amidst a heavy downpour of rain. We arrived at our familiar haunt at about 11 :oo a. m. thoroughly drenched, yet confident that some genial poet would soon appear who, like Homer and Virgil to their heroes, would immortalize our names and deeds and insure for them the praise and admiration of posterity. But have we become vain and unthankful ? Have we already forgotten the hospitality and kindness of the citizens of Juneau, especially the members of the Lutheran congregation there ? No, indeed! Juneau shall ever remain indelibly imprinted in our minds as a place of victory and hilarity, of feasting and mirth, of excellence and hospitality. Auf wiedersehn!

SENIOR BANQUET. The annual banquet, given by the members of the faculty and their wives in honor of the graduating classes, was held on the eve of the twelfth of May in the gymnasium. A sumptuous repast had been prepared, to which ample justice was done. The feasting was interspersed by numerous toasts includ ing speeches and songs, Dr. Ott performing the duties of toastmaster. Not until midnight was the festivity brought to a close, when all parties betook themselves to their respective abodes to enjoy the honey heavy dew of slumber after the grand fete, which will ever be looked back upon with pleasure and sweet remembrance.

ALUMNI!!! With the passing away of this term begins a new epoch in the history of our institution. After having been cared for in its infancy like a child and fondled in its illness to resuscitate it, our institution lias passed the critical period of its existence and has now arrived at its fiftieth birthday. Your Alma Mater has now arrived at that period in its history when it is fitting and. proper to make a resume of its hardships and toils that confronted it while it was being piloted through the tempest of time to the welcome shores of sunshine and prosperity. To the alumni, undergraduates, and friends of Northwestern, the division of time should not be restricted to calendar years alone, but all should feel that this month of June forms a natural division in their life. Does this month do that? What is that feeling, friends and alumni, that has lain dormant in a remote recess of the hearts of some of you, waiting for an

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opportune moment to issue forth and recall to your memory that in this month you have something more to remember and something else to which you owe fidelity than your immediate surroundings ? Is it not the prompt ings of overshadowed reminisenccs that call to be heard once more? Everyone, it matters not when or bow long he sojourned here, surely has some fond recollections of his school, be they from the classroom or the athletic field. After graduation while the son of Northwestern is buffeting the rocky path of life, there is a tendency that he permit the seemingly inextinguishable flame of enthusiasm to subside and to be forced by homely cares and occupations into a remote corner of the heart, there to lie dormant only to be called back to the mind by such an event as now lies before our door. After these rcminiscnces of your dear Alma Mater again loom up before you, will you let pass by the brilliant opportunity to visit Northwestern again, and again lay eyes upon that dear old home of early manhood ? Will you refuse to visit the institution which you have helped support and make what it is? Time lias altered your faces and the faces of your classmates since you saw them last and lias changed their juvenile tenor into a rich, deep baritone, but nevertheless they arc still the visages and voices of your classmates, teammates, and roommates. Although you have borne the brunt of the battle of life, alumni, 'vliile \vc arc still forging our armor, nevertheless we are all sons of Northwestern. We are the younger sons of this family and are eager to become acquainted with those who have gone before us. June 19-20 are the days set aside for this purpose. Remember, dear Alumnus, if you have not received a copy of our college history that you were not omitted intentionally, but that our committee has not obtained your address. Therefore do not wait for an invitation, but come back to your Alma Mater whose doors stand open to welcome your approach. —B. —Rev. Arndt resigned his position at Beaver Dam, Wis. 一Rev. Diehl of Pcshtigo, accepted a call to the Divine Mission, Mil waukee. His former position is left open for a student call. •• 一Dr. A. J. Zuchlke, ’04, lias received word of his appointment as dentist in the United States Navy. He will leave shortly for Washington. 一On June 16th, Rev. Reier of Shirley is to be married to Miss R. Grabow of Milwaukee. . —Likewise, June 17，Rev E. Reim, ’11, residing at Kenosha, will be united in marriage to Miss S. Sclialler of Wauwatosa. —Rumor is rife that Rev. Art. Berg, ’11, will be' married to Miss E. Hanschel of Hustisford. (Keep it quiet!) —Rev. E. Sauer, engaged to Miss Kling. —Several others are said to be about to do the fatal step, although we were unable lo gather the particulars. —Prof Adolph Sauer, ’06, of Saginaw, reports that he is the happy father of a healthy baby boy.

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Helmuth Schaefer, ’17, Pres. Paul Lutzke, ’15, V. Pres. Adolph Zeisler, ’18, Sec’y. Walter Sprengeler, ’16, Treas. The N. W. C. Military Band is as large this year as it ever was. It numbers in all forty-four pieces and has a full concert band instrumentation. Those members who can afford it use their own private instruments and the others have the use of instruments belonging to the school (about thirty-five). The band for a time had only weekly rehearsals but lately it has been having practice twice a week. Unlike other college or university bands, undergrad uates only are allowed to play in our band, but, nevertheless, it has attained a standard this year as it never has had before. The various soloists, however, are not the best performers on their respective instruments that Northwestern has had, but the average player is bv far superior to any of his kind in former years. The director, who has conducted the rehearsals now for well nigh a year，certainly must be given due credit for the manner in which his pupils render the selections. Several apprearanccs have already been made bv the band in public, one at the annual February concert, and another at the marchout, and at both occasions we have more than satisfied the audiences. At present 'ye are diligently rehearsing for the commencement concert and also for the jubilee. Graduation will deprive us of ten able men, but this loss ought not affect the band to any great extent, since new men will be secured to fill their places and with another year’s practice it ought not make any difference whatever in our playing.

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ORCHESTRA. Martin J. A. Wehausen, Pres. Leon C. Drowatzky, V. Pres. Elmer C. Kiessling, Secy, and Treas. Through the untiring efforts of our director, Hans Duetzmann, and .the willing cooperation of the individual members of the orchestra, this musical organization has attained a standard almost beyond that of a college orchestra. It has been the ambition of every member during the past school year to render his part to the best of his ability. As a result the orchestra has m et with considerable success at every one of its public appearances. The mem bership, an enrollment of twenty-nine members, is the largest in the history of the organization. With the jubilee concert the orchestra of 1914-15 bids farewell to but five of its members. These vacant positions will no doubt soon be filled by able men. THE MALE CHORUS. For a time it sccmccl as if the interest in this organization were lagging. Nevertheless, the mcmbcrsliip is now near the sixty mark. Rehearsals, under the direction of Mr. Deutzmann, were held weekly and sometimes semiweekly. At the occasion of the Fifteenth Annual Concert in February the chorus did some excellent work. In the Sacngerfest the choir did not, for various reasons, take part this year. On June 5th the members of this organization had the sad duty of singing several selections at the funeral services of our beloved Inspector, Prof. Martin C. Eickmann. The chorus will appear in five numbers on the Commencement Concert program on June i8, will sing for the Commencement Day exercises, and will also take an active part in the Golden Jubilee Celebration. On Monday, June 7，the annual election of the chorus was held. The following men were elected for the next year: President—Clamor Fulling. Vice-President―Walter Sprengeler. Secretary-Treasurer—Walter Zank. Librarian—Leonard Bernthal. Assistant Librarian一Karl Schmidt. 一H. C. N.

随_ When our director, Miss Ernst, was forced to leave us last February， most of the members of the Glee Club, already somewhat discouraged by the loss of several members and the seeming impossibility of getting new ones, were, inclined to give up the club. However, Prof. Duetzmann's kind offer to direct us prevented that and caused our spirits to rise again. At this

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time, after much hard work, we succeeded in getting enough new voices to replace those that had left us during the earlier part of the year. Although we thought at first that we could not get along with out Miss Ernst, we soon accustomed ourselves to Prof. Duetzmann, and our weekly meetings under his direction have been very enjoyable and instructive for us. Considering the fact that our Glee Club does not consist of selected voices, we may truthfully say that we have been quite successful in our efforts.

OUR MILITARY COMPANY. Up to the present day little or practically nothing was mentioned about our Military Company to inform our gentle readers and friends of its exist ence. Nevertheless immediately after “Nortliwestern” opened her gates last fall, the company took up its work, drilling four times per week under its various commanders. A feeling of joy glistened over the countenance of the captain as'he called out for the first time his warriors to report; all but few reported. Drilling the recruits immediately began, and never before were there so many that answered the call to the colors. During the winter months the “Gym” afforded an elegant place for drill. Owing to the large enroll ment the captain saw fit to divide the company into two divisions in order to have sufficient space for the physical and setting-up exercises. Much atten tion was also paid to the manual of arms. As soon as the weather permitted the company again took to the field and began drilling the “extender order” movements. Of late much stress was laid upon “parade drill” and shambattle practice. Short “hikes” were also taken to prepare the boys physically to resist the strain of the annual “march out.” Through the kind efforts of Rev. Sauer of Juneau, an invitation was accepted to make Juneau the place for our “turn out.” What the Company can do and is able to do was shown at Juneau on May 24th and 25th. Three cheers for Juneau! The members of the staff are as follows: Captain.................................................................................. Otto Medenwald 1st Lieutenant..........................................................................................MartinGlaser 2nd Lieutenant..................................................................... August Kehrberg 1st Sergeant..........................................................................................WilliamHuth 2nd Sergeant right guide of company........................................Henry Brandt 3r^ Sergeant left guide of company, Quartermaster___Franklin Blumenfeld 4$ Sergent, left guide of 1st Platoon, Asst. Quartermaster. . Clawer Fuelling 5tn Sergeant right guide of 2nd Platoon..................................Paul Eichmann 6th Sergeant, Color-bearer..........................................................................BenoKupfer The corporals rank as follows, Henry Nitz, Otto Grundemann, George Tegtmeyer, Harold Rockoff, Walter Gutzke, John Henning, Walter Meyer, ArSiur Tischer and Edward Duxe. * The measure of a man’s virtue is what he would do if he had neither laws nor public opinion, nor even his own prejudices to control him.—Hazlitt.

THE MANITOU MESSENGER. St. Olaf College, Xorthfield, Minn., presents one of the best college ex changes in the Middle West. Several cuts adorn the pages of this paper every month, which adds much to its attractiveness. Although the general arrangement of material is neat and in logical order, we do not indorse the “ads” under the top cover. The literary column is introduced by a poem, “The Flower Lore.” Pos sibly the Norwegian note above it throws ligfht upon the contents, but since that is foreign to us, we shall not attempt a criticism. “Three Times and Out” depicts the spirit and pranks of five youths in camp life. The excitement of the pleasure-seeking students reaches its zenith when the:y find", out that it is not one of their number that had been tampering with their belongings, but a one-time schoolmate, who, in a fit of despair, resorted to illegal means of subsistence. The rapid sequence of events makes a story of this nature so interesting. The author seems to understand the psychology of man, around which fact he built up the natural conclusion. ♦ . The “Sonnet” is a brief summary of the facts concerning this form of poetry. In what elevated class of poetry this seemingly insignificant strain lies can be seen from the fact that “there is no other poetical form which such a tell-tale, and which so reveals all the shortcomings of the author.” On the other hand there is “no other form of verse that is a surer touchstone of mastery than this little strain.” Quantity is not lacking： in the editorial column, but you restrict yourself too much to local activities. Let it be quality with universal interest. Your Exchange Editor lias made an acceptable outline of his work for the following year. May he comply with his promises and keep his column on par with the rest. We appreciate your work，“Messenger,” and extend our congratulations for the ensuing schoolyear.

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THE BLAOK AND RED THE WARTBXJRG QUARTERLY.

The editorial staff of The Wavtburg presents us a magazine this month which is quite out of the ordinary both in material and arrange ment, thus making this issue of the Quarterly one of the best quarterly magazines received at our bureau this year. The unique cover design repre sents an assiduous monk studiously bowing over a half-erased manuscript, representing, no doubt, Luther while on the Wartburg. The cuts of the various sections of your city, elucidated by the literary article “Clinton” reveal an ideal location for an institution of higher learn ing. The article “Betreffs des Fussreisc der scchs Macnnlein aus dcr Wart burg nach £)ewitt” is exceedingly interesting, but the attempts at wit con tained therein were not very successful. You could have inserted the article found under the athletic column describing a similar event in the literary col umn and thereby improve your already good arrangement. Since “Oiir Scientific Developmen*tM was written 'by one of your professors, it sliall be beyond criticism on our part. However, permit us to praise it. The article is a model essay containing deep thought, thorough knowledge of the subject, and showing good coherence between paragraphs. “A Fishing Story” is a story of inferior literary quality, containing no central thought, forced coherence, and no conclusion. The whole could have been presented in a more plausible manner if more thought had been given to ts arran gement. “The:Comparison between ‘Bums’ and Cowper’s Poetry’ clearly shows the reader how very different the two poets really arc. With Cowpcr, to quote the writer, “nature seemed to tranquilizc his mind so that he could better meditate on his favorite themes,” whereas on Burns “nature exercised her o'vri particular influence over his sympathetic soul.” The comparison is drawn with much interest to the reader, and in the end we feel that the writer is justified when he says that Burns was the greater poet. Your editorials are good and your columns well balanced, but we note numerous half-printed pages throughout the magazine. This is a useless waste of space which could be put to more appropriate use. Why not insert bits of poetry and thus eradicate the necessity of small etchings ? May your staff continue its good work begun by the marked progress shown by the last 'issue.

THE SIBYL. 0"et?/th® neatest high cliool papers comes to us this month from Rivcrsi(de，California. The Girls High School shows its appreciation of the advent ,spjmg with its profusion of flowers by dedicating this number to the rose: the literary column is devoted mostly to the praise of this flower. One cangot over praise the bounteous abundance of this pretty and ever welcomed flower which nature has chosen to revivify the spirit of man in springtime.

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Judging from the cuts and articles contained in the paper, we conclude that your flora differs entirely from the flora of the central states. From the description of your city in “Riverside, the City Beautiful” and the cut of the flower-bedecked residence on the opposite page, one could hardly imagine a spot more beautiful. “Spring-Tide on the Desert” is a well written poem describing as the title implies the desert in springtime. The writer has a vivid imagi nation and understands how to order her thoughts in metre form. The subject was well chosen for this issue. “Arthur” is a complete, succinct narrative with the central figure, Arthur, a young negro lad, who is not affected morally by his environments. When his fragile frame emitted the soul that passed *'to where pure souls dwell,” his brutal father and negligent mother prayed to Him in servile submission and undivided humiliation, which they had never done before. The story was well written and shows the exception to the rule that environments create a like character. “Rosalie” depicts the useless cares of a doting mother. Believing “Rosalie” to be an actress of whom her son was so fond, she pays him a visit and finds in the (locks “a trim little yacht on whose prow was painted in blue letters ‘Rosalie.’ ” “We’ll Meet Again in Three concludes the literary column, the first of its kind to have more poetry than prose. The editorial column was somewhat brief, but nevertheless the contents were up to the standard. The same can be said of the joke column, which contains some witty sayings. The most seriously neglected column is “Exchanges.” In the brief story at the bead of the column the editor leads us to expect absorbing criticisms, but our expectations were not realized. With the appearance of this number our minds are diverted from schoollife and we seek spots for recreation or fields of physical labor, but whatever our avocation may be, may our minds find the much-needed recreation that we may take up the exchange column again with renewed vigor.

Happiness consists in activity; it is a running stream and not a stagnant pool.—John H. Good. ♦

♦傘

Whatever makes men good Christians makes them good citizens.—Daniel Webster. 傘拿零 No one is useless in this world who lightens the burden of it for someone else.—Dickens. To dread no eye, and to suspect no tongue is the greatest prerogative of innocence: an exemption granted only to invariable virtue.—Johnson.

ITALY ENTERS THE WAR. When the war broke out last August, we all hoped it would not last long. Our hopes have not been realized. The war still drags on and one after an other the nations, either voluntarily or involutarily, are drawn into the strug gle, as into a whirlpool. There are now eleven fighting- nations. The last one, Italy, entered the war, not as she should have clone, on the side of Ger many and Austria, to whom she was bound by the Triple Aliance, but on the side of the Allies against Austria. The reason given is hardly sufficient, but the Italians wanted war and so were forced to have a reason. On May 4th, the Duke of Avama, the Italian Ambassador at Vienna, no tified the Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, that Italy regarded Austria’s decarlation of war against Servia as a violation of the Triple Alliance treaty. He pointed out that according to Arictle VII, Austria was bound to refrain from occupation of Balkan territory without agreement with Italy and due compensation. This ended the negotiations which had been carried on ever since last year. Austria wanted Italy to remain neutral and was even ready to concede some land to them as compensation. But Italy was not satisfied with that offer, she demanded: 1. Cession of the Austrian Tyrol as far north as the Brenner Pass. 2. The Italian boundary at the head of the Adriatic to be moved east ward a few miles to include the Austrian cities of Gradisca and Gorz. 3. The port of Triest and the adjacent territory to be made an indepen dent stale; Austria to renounce sovereignty and to remove troops immediateiy. 4. Cession of seven islands of the Curzola group off the Dalmatian coast. 5. Austria to declare her complete disinterestedness in Albania and to recognize Italian sovereignty in Avlona and its environs. Austria was ready to concede that part of Austrian Tyrol inhabited by Italians, which is about half of that claimed by Italy; she was ready to con cede Gradisca, but not Gorz; to allow Triest to be made a free imperial city administered by Italian residents and with an Italian university. Italy de clared that the Austrian offers of compensation for Italian neutrality, were totally inadequate. The conditions in Italy hacl become intolerable, so on

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May 21 st, the government voted for war and on May 23rd, the proclamation this war, the decision. Emporer Francis Joseph called Italy’s declaration on act of unparalleled prompted by the desire for more territory, territory that now belonged to Austria. But although the Italians underrgo a 11 the hardships of war, it is doubtful whether they will be successful, They are at a disadvantage against the Austrians. There is only way of attacking- them by land, around the head of Adriatic, and here the peaks and passes of the Trentins, which have been put into a state of defense during the present war, will offer many diffi culties. was issued. It is not so much the gevernment that was in favor of as the people who through riots and public demonstrations, forced

REVOLUTION IN PORTUGAL. We hear of disturbances from another place. For several months Portu gal was in a state of uproar and confusion and at last a revolution broke out. It was aimed at the ministry of Premier Castro, who only held his office since Jan. 28th. O11 May 18th, naval rebels aboard the Cruiser Adamastor fired a number of shells into the city of Lisbon from the River Tagus. There was fighting- not only in Lisbon, but also in other parts of the country. The soldiers of both army and navy rose in rebellion. Dr. Alfonso Costa, Pre mier preceding Pimcnta de Castro, is generally accused of having incited the naval uprising. The Castro cabinet was dismissed and a new one formed under Sen hoi* Chagas, a former premier and a leader of the revolutionary party. On May 17th, he was shot while traveling from Oporto to Lisbon. The first dispatches said lie had been killed. But although he received several bullet wounds, one in the head, he is recovering-. The tide of the revolution died down and order is again restored. The declared purpose of the revolt was to restore genuine republican institutions to the country and to oust the existing ministry because of its monarchical tendencies. Better trust all and be deceived, And weep that trust and that deceiving, Than doubt one heart that, if believed, Had blessed one’s life with true believing. O, in this mocking1 world too fast The doubting fiend o’ertakes our youth; Better be cheated to the last Than lose the blessed hope of truth.

To judge human character correctly a man may sometimes have very small experience provided he has a very large heart.—Buhver-Lytton.

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一Adolf G. Zeisler, ’18，received a visit from his brother Fred, on May 29th, 30th, 31st. —Homer Williams, Prep., visited at home in Columbus from May 23rd, till May 25th. 一Walter Zank, ’16，received a visit from Henry Gerth of Clyman, on April 28th. . ―Martin Wehausen, ’15, and Martin J. Glaeser, ’15, attended a wedding at Milwaukee on June 2nd. 一This was one of the liveliest months in the history of Northwestern, as may be seen by the great amount of notices above. —There were various interesting cablegrams expected from Europe, but they failed to arrive, very likely due to the severe British censorship. 一Several Seminary students visited Watertown on the occasion of the burial of Prof. M. Eickmann. AUS DEM SEMINAR. 一Es ist uns sehr erfreulich berichten zu konnen, (lass Herr Prof. Kohler schon seit einiger Zeit wieder so weit genesen ist, dass er aus deni Sanitorium nach Hause zuriickkehren kann. Es moge der Herr und Hiiter der 'Kirche geben, dass er das nachste Schuljahr seine regelmassigen Vorlesungen halten kann. 一Noch vor Schluss des Jahres erkrankte Herr Paster Wadzinski aus Red Granite, Wis. Herr F. Marohn wird wahrend des Sommers seine Amtsarbeit besorgen. 一Aus Waukesha besuchte uns am 7. Juni Herr Pastor Woyhan. Ebenfalls stattete Herr Pastor Diehl, der hier in Milwaukee als Missionar und Pastor tatig ist. 一Herr J. Muller aus Lewiston, Minn., Student der dritten Klasse wird im nachsten Jahr sein Studium auf dem Seminar zu St. Louis fortr setzen. .—Am Donnerstag den 3. Juni versammelte sich die Verteilungs Kommission, um iiber das Geschick der abgehenden Klasse zu beraten.

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ATHLETICS RIPON COLLEGE, 3； N. W. 0., 0. On Saturday, May 8th, the team took a trip to Ripon. The weather con ditions were not in the least ideal for a baseball game. Constant rain for three or four clays before had already put the Ripon field into quite a poor condition and it was also drizzling when the team started away from home. By game-time, it had ceased and the first two or three innings were played without a drop of rain falling. In the third inningi a light rain set in, which lasted throughout the rest of the game. To these conditions may ,b.e attri buted partly that N. W. C. lost also this game. A wet ball is somlething our men had not as yet used in a baseball game and consequently Ripon was abel to score enough runs in the second inning to beat us. Beach hit safely, Fox was passed, Giedlinski singled, and Carey fouled out. The next three batters were passed, Westendorf being, unable to put the wet ball where it should have gone. Two runs were thus forced in, Fox having been caught trying to steal home. Sheldon ended the inning by striking out. Score: — RIPON, 3. N. W. C., o. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E 4003 2 o 200920 Vollmers, 3b • Fox, c 301000 Giedlinski, 2b .. 4 2 2 1 a o Brandt, cf ... ..401 100 Medenwald, 2b . 4 o o 3 2 0 Carey, If Kehrberg, If ... 3 00000 .. 3 o 1 1 o o Hughes, rf 4 o 1 7 i o "30021 I Koenig, lb ... Monti, ss 200100 Otto, 3b........ ..201030 Kolander, rf . 200000 Sheldon, cf .. ..400300 Lutzke, rf ... 40021 1 Eichmann, ss . Krebs, 1 b___ .. 3 o o 10 o 1 Henning, c .. Beach, p........ .. 3 1 2 o i o 3017 2 O 200 1 0.0 000000 Westendorf, p 000000

• Totals

23 3 7 27 9 2

Zank, p

Totals

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32 o 3 24 12

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Summary—Stolen bases: Henning. Two-base hits: Giedlinski, Carey, Beach. Double plays: Zank to Medenwald to Koenig. Bases on balls: Off Westendorf, 5； off Beach, 1; off Zank, o. Struck out: By Beach, 9; by Westendorf, 3; by Zank, 2. Hit by pitcher: By Beach, 1. Passed balls: Henning. MILTON COLLEGE, 0; N. W. C., 6.

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Northwestern, having somewhat gotten over its losing streak, got some of the old time “pep” back again May 13th, when the Miltonians were forced to be contented with the short end of a 6 to o score. All the scoring was done in the second and third innings. In the second a hit, an error, another hit, with a couple of stolen bases mixed in between, was the cause of our first tally. In the third inning three successive hits, four errors, and three stolen bases netted us five more runs After that Milton settled down to some good solid playing, their pitcher keeping our hits scattered and the team giving him good support. In not a single inning was Northwestern in any danger of being scored upon. Kobs was in excellent form and only allowed hits when they could do no harm. Our team as a whole played fine ball, making only two insignificant little errors. The box score follows: MILTON, o. N. W. C., 6. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E Sorensen, c-----4 o o 4 2 1 Vollmers 3b …4 1 2 o 1 o 1 1 2 o o West, lb, p 402720 Brandt, cf.........4 Hurley, 2b 402231 400321 Medenwald, 2b K. R’d’lph, If, ss 4 o o 3 2 o Kehrberg, If ... 4 01 o o 1 C. Burdick, cf, If 4 01000 Koenig, ib 4 10000 1 o o Thomgate, rf .. 4 o 1 o o o Lutzke, rf 2 2 Hadden, ss, cf" 3 o o 3 1 2 Eickmann, ss …3 i o 3 1 o Lush, 3b, ib-----3 o 2 2 1 1 Henning, c __ 3 o 1 10 1 o Van Horn, p.. 2 o o 1 1 1 Kobs, p .............4 o o o 5 o 000000 P. Randolph, 3b 1 0 0 1 o o Totals 33 o 6 24 11 6 Totals 32 6 8 27 11 2 Summary一Stolen bases: Lutzke 2, Eickmann, Henning, 2. D ouble plays: Eickmann to Medenwald to Koenig: Hadden to West. Bases on balls: Off Van Horn, 2; off -West, 1; off Kobs, o. Struck out: By Van Ed. Horn, 2; by West, 2; by Kobs, 10. Sacrifice hits: Eickmann. Umpire:— — Schultz. , WAYLAND ACADEMY, 6; N. W. 0. H., 4.

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As has been the custom for the last few years, our second team was allowed to play an outside game. Accordingly, when May 17th arrived, the twelve men who had1 heretofore given the first team its bi-weekly scrim mage made a tour to Beaver Dam via C. & N. W., where they played Wayland Academy. The seconds played a ragged game in the field, at various

THE BLACK ANB RED

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times not giving the pitcher necessary support, and consequently the Academy piled up six runs, one in each,inning except in the second and fourth. Our boys, however, were determined not to let Wayland have the game without making a decided stand for it. In the ninth they started a batting rally, but three runs could only be pushed across, and our boys left Beaver Dam with out Wayland's scalp. The following detailed score was taken: WAYLAND ACAD., 6. N. W. C. II.，4. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E 501000 Hannah, If 4 00100 Scholz, rf 2 o 1 o o 1 Eismart, ss ___4 3 1 I o 2 Grabow, ss 300000 4 1 2 4 o 1 Schweppe, If Bloor, 2b 4 1 o 13 o 1 Schellinberg, c . 4 1 1 620 Lindloff, ib . 3 o 1 1 o o Moscher, rf ... 4 100 o o Naumann, cf 0200 o Rockhoff, c . 3 i i 5 4 o Johnson, rf___4 410202 Smith, 3b 400212 Duxe, 2b … 311231 Miller, p 4 o i o 8 o Winter, 3b " Schroeder, ib .. 3 o 013 2 o Schumacher, p.. 3 00172 35 6 7 27 13 5 Totals Totals 31 4 5 24 14 7 Summary一Stolen bases: Eismart, 2; Schellinberg, 2; Mosche, Grabow, Duxe. Two-base hits: Miller. Three-base hits: Bloor. Bases on balls: Off Miller, 5； off Schumacher, o. Struck out: By Miller, 6; by Schu macher, 5. Sacrifice hit: Schumacher. BELOIT COLLEGE, 5; N. W. 0., 3. May 22nd brought the team down to Beloit. Beloit College had been celebrating their victory in the state oratorical contest and the game in the afternoon can almost be looked upon as a part of the celebration. Kobs did the twirling for Northwestern and Schultz was on the mound for the downstate school. Kobs had the edge on Beloit’s pitcher as far as real pitching is concerned, allowing only four scattered hits against the Beloit man’s nine, and fanning six men against his five, but “Joe’s” fine work was marred to some extent by poor decisions. Repeatedly he put the ball right across the middle of the plate and no strikes were called on the batter for not hitting at such a ball. Beloit took the lead at the beginning, scoring a run in each of the first and third innings. In the fourth N. W. C. pushed one man across and in the fifth two more, putting our team in the lead, but in their half of the inning Beloit also scored two runs and then kept the lead. Later, in the seventh, they added another. The feature of the game was Cook’s work in center field. Score: BELOIT, 5. N. W. C., 3. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E Eckhardt, If ... 2 3 1 1 00 Vollmers；cf3b ", 5 00221 Loescher, ib ... 5 o o 13 00 Brandt, 5 21200 Klesath, ss 3100 3 o Medenwald, 2b . 4 00010 Hum, 3b 4 1 1 1 2 o Kehrberg, If …5 02000

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38 3 9 24 9 6 Totals 34 5 4 27 13 1 Totals Summary—Stolen bases: Klesath, Cornell, Eckhardt 2, Hurn, Eickmann. Two-base hits: Koenig, Lutzke. Three-base hits: Henning. Bases on balls: Off Schultz, 2; off Koks, 4. Struck out: By Schultz, 5; by Kobs, 6. Umpire: “Bob” Fucik.

Totals.............36 4 3 27 10 3 Totals..............36 3 8 27 17 4 * Batted for Smith in 9th. Summary—Stolen bases: Keller, 2; Porlier, Eickmann, 2; Henning. Two-base hits: Kobs, Eickmann, Medenwald, Koenig. Bases on balls: Off Rfisch, 1; off Kobs, 1. Struck out: By Risch, 6; by Kobs, 8. Hit by pitcher: Risch, 1. Passed balls: Henning, 2. Wild pitches: Risch, 1. Umpire: H. W. Kronitz.

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117

LUTH. SEMINARY, 3; N. W. 0., 1. On May 29th we were again given a chance to see some of Northwest ern^ diamond artists play. The Lutheran Seminary team from Wauwatosa, which consists mostly of former N. W. C. players, came here and the grads, in spite of not having any decent diamond- practice for a whole year, still had enough of the old time “go” in them, to wallop us to the tune of 3 to 1. The feature of this game was Schweppe’s pitching. While still at school here, Sclnveppc played third base, and when he went on the mound we thought that our batters would force him to retire, but alas! He whiffed thirteen and held us to three hits. Another feature of the game was the number of double plays. Wc completed three and our visitors two. The Seminary’s winning runs came in the eighth as a result of three successive singles and a couple of passed balls. Aug. Kehrberg, having been donated a base on balls, stoic second and third base and came in on Rosin’s wild throw to third, when the latter tried to catch him coming down from second base, and this is how we account for our run. Score: LUTH SEM” 3. N. W..C” 1. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E Rosin, c 2 1 1 13 1 1 Vollmers, 3b ... 3 003 20 402000 Wietzke, 2b ... 4 1 1 2 5 o Brandt, cf ... O. Kehrberg, lb 3 o ill 10 Medcnwald, 2b 400130 Schweppc, p .400030 A. Kehrberg, If. 1 10200 Burk, rf.......... .401 100 Koenig, r£. 30 0 13 2 o Burkholz, 3b .4 12000 Lutzke, r£....... 3 00 1 1 o Mantcnfel, ss .. 4 o o o 2 0 Eickmann, ss " 3 o o 2 5 3 Bruns, cf o o 5 2 o 200000 Hennings, c_ 3 Iuehl, cf . Westendorf, p .. 3 o 1 o 3 o 200000 Bartz, If . 3 00000 27 1 3 27 18 3 Totals 32 3 6 27 12 Totals Summary一Stolen bases: Rosin, 2; A. Kehrberg, 4. Double plays: Wietzke to O. Kclirberg, 2; Westendorf to Koenig to Eickmann; Vollmers to Henning to Koenig to Vollmers; Lutzke to Koenig. Bases on balls: Off Schweppe, 2; off Westendorf, 1. Struck out: By Schweppe, 13; by Westendorf, 4. Passed balls: Henning, 2. Sacrifice hit: Vollmers. Um pire: H. P. Bahr. WATERTOWN CITY, 0； N. W. C., 1. What turned out to be the finest game of the season so far, took place on Decoration Day, May 31st, at Washington Park. On that day our regulars met their ancient rivals for the city championship and defeated them, for the third successive year, by the score of 1 to o. The game was exciting all the way through and it was not won until the last man was out. There was not a single dead inning. Both pitchers were in excellent form, Kobs

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THE BLAOK AND BED

in spite of a sore arm. Henke had the advantage in strike-outs, but he twice allowed two hits in succession, and on one of these occasions, when Hornickle failed to hold on to a pitched ball, we scored our lone run. Kobs, on the other band, did not allow any bunching of hits, and every time he got into a pinch, he tightened up a little and, with the fine assistance of the men .behind him, retired the side without a score. Our men got on bases in the second inning when Kehrberg and Koenig each got a single and were ad vanced by Kobs' out. Then Hornickle let a pitched ball go l)y him and Kehrberg came in. Lutzkc fanned, Eickmann was given a base on ball?, and Henning also struck out. Our score: WATERTOWN, o. N. W. C. i. AB R H PO A E AB R H PO A E 401000 Vollmers, 3b ... 4 o o o 5 o Powers, If Nowack, 2b____ 400 1 3 o Brandt, cf ... 4 00100 Guenther, ss . •. 2 o o 1 1 o Medcnwald. 2b . 4 o o 1 20 Schumann, cf " 4 o o 1 o o Kehrberg, If ... 4 1 1 2 o o Hornickle, c…4 o I 16 o o Koenig, ib.......4 2 o 12 1 o Henke, p........4 o 2 0 2 o Kobs, p ............ 3 o 2 o 3 o Lewandowski, 3b.3' o o 1 00 Lutzke, r£ ......... 3 00 1 00 Beebe, ib.............300500 Eickmann, ss …3 o o 1 o 2 Hahn, rf............ 300200 Henning, c ____ 4 o 1 9 1 o *Kornity ............ 100000

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33 1 6 27 12 2 Totals 32 o 4 27 6 o *Batted for Hahn in 9th. Summary—Stolen bases: Powers, Guenther, 2; Henke, Lewandowski, Kobs. Base on balls : Off Henke, 1; off Kobs, 4. Struck out: By Henke, 16; by Kobs, 7. Hit by pitcher: By Henke, 1. Passed balls: Hornickle, Henning. Umpire: W. M. Kuenzi. Totals

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—Home Sweet Home! —Physical exercise.

本

—Es regnet, wcnn cs regnen will, Es regnet seinen Lauf, Uml 'Venn’s genug; geregnet hat, Dann liort es wiedcr auf. 本

一First Sliidcnt: “Want to take a chance on a safety razor?” Second SUiclcnt: “I took one this morning. Can’t you see the scar on my face? —Neighbor: “Well, wliat’s your boy going to be?” Father: «• I think I’ll make a policeman out of him, for I never can find him when I want him.”一Ex. 本**

—Teacher: “Who was the first man?” Scholar: ^Washington, he was the first in war, first in—’’ Teacher: “No, no, Adam was the first man.” Scholar: “Oh, if you’re talking about foreigners I s’pose he was.” " 本氺本 Strolch: Horen Sie, hier ist das Tabackrauchen —Waldwacliter zum verboten!’’ Strolch: “Das gclit mi* nix an, ik rauclie Erdapfelkraut.,> 木

—Student reading: “Now give the hobos (haut boys) breath, he comes, he comes, he comes.” * 本 * ―Prof, in Physics: “This caustic b reflection in a cup of coffee has nothing to do with the grade of coffee! Student: “Oh, then you can see it in our coffee, too.”

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THE BLACK AND RED

—Mother (to her son) : “Tommy，you mustn’t go fishing with Peter, he’s just getting over the measles.” Tommy: “There won’t be any danger mother, I never catch anything when I am ftshing.” * * * —Student im Aufstaze recht drastisch: “Und dann legte es (das Huhn) sich auf die rechte Seite und schloss die Huhneraugen fur immer.” • • • —Father (in a lecturing mood): “You never heard of a man getting into trouble by following a good example.” Son ( incorrigible): “Yes, sir, I have一the counterfeiter.**

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—^Please, mamma, can I have some more ice cream ?” Mother: “Why，John, didn’t you just promise me that you would not ask for a §econd plate?” Johnnie: “I am not asking for a second plate. You can put it on this one.” * 一Postoffice Clerk: “You can’t mail those coins in a letter. You ought to know that.” Stranger: “What am I going to do? You got a sign outside that says, ‘Post no Bills.’ ”

—“Sambo, whar you get dat chain you wear to meetin, last Sunday ?n “How do you know I have a watch ?” “Kase I seen the chain hang out of your pocket in the front.” “Ko ’way, nigger, s’pose you see a halter round my neck, you think dar is a hoss inside of me.” •

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—"Man muss immer sparsam sem，” sagt einst eine Frau, nahm und schnitt das Bettuch entzwei und flickte Waschlappen damit. * * * —First Neighbor: “I suppose your son in college is working hard to get his sheep-skin ?M Second Neighbor: “His most important work this spring is to qualify for a college sweater.” 傘本* • ―Critic (as the composer plays his last piece) : “Very fine indeed. But what is that passage which makes the cold chills run down the back ?’’ Composer: “That is where the wanderer has the hotel bill brought to him.” ―**What are you, anyway?” contemptuously inquired Mrs. Peck during the quarrel. “A man or a mouse?” “A man,” answered Henry Peck bitterly. “If I were a mouse I，d have you on that table right now yelling for help.” ―First Gentleman: “Any luck fishing?” Second Gentleman: **Well, I caught the six-thirty train and a bad cold.”

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—Eine grosse Zahl der Studenten, Bruch, Die leidet haufig am f * Der riihrt nicht von Uberhebung, Ihn kennt kein Doktorbuch. Ausgabe verursacht dies Leiden, Zuweilen auch lieber Besuch; Das Leiden wird kurzweg bezeichnet一 Als finanzieller Bruch. 一“Lady,” said the judge, “wliat is your age?” “Sir,” said the lady, “I have seen nineteen summers.” “Ah—well, how many years have you been sleeping?’’ —First Friend: “Well，what are you working on now?” Second Friend: *'Trying to cross an egg-plant and milk\ye，ed.” First Friend: ‘‘/、nd what do you expect to get from that?M Second Friend (resuming his walk slowly): “Custard pie.” —Defendant: “It was an accident, your honor.” Judge: “An accident you say? Do you dare to stand here and tell me that you can strike your wife with such force as to break the chair over her by accident ?” Defendant: “Yes，I never meant to break the chair.” 一Hanschcn: Wir werden cine neue Wcttcrfahne auf unser Haus bekommen. Gretclicii: “O, (las ist nichts, wir werden eine Hypothek auf unser Haus bekommen, hat Papa gesagt.” —Lady: “Wliat could have brought you to this, poor man? You appear to have seen better days.” to Tramp: “Yes, I was once an author. I lost all I owned trying ， find a publisher for my last book on ‘A Hundred Ways to Get Rich.’ ”• —Teacher: “Now, Wilie, mention one of the customs of Christmas time?” Pupil: “Running in debt.” 一Applicant: “There’s lots of push and go in me. Td like to show you.” Boss: “Very well. That door opens outward. Try your push on that and then demonstrate your go on the outside.” 一Lady: “Have you a circulating library?’’ Clerk: u No, ma^m, but I can show you some nice revolving book cases. —Richter: “Es nutzt Ihnen alles nichts. Sie mussen nun einmal die Kosten bestreiten.” Handelsmann: “Kann mer das? Ja? Also wozu soli ich die Kosten bezahlen, wenn ich sie bestreiten kann.” 一Our Pete was homesick all evening and when he was to bed, he dreamt that lie came home, his mother was so glad to see her son again, she embraced and kissed him.—Pete awoke, it was but a dream, still he was sure that someone had kissed him. His cheek was still burning. He turned the light on and looked into the mirror. It was一a mosquito that had kissed him.

]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

73 Mcnioriain…....._____________ 74Prof. Mari in Christian Eickmann. 75 rocm: Cinquantaine_______ _____ 76 Literary: Shclomith______ ______ America's Cnll to Youthful America__ 87 Zmn Juhila*umfcste unscrer Alma Mater 90 Ycr^isa nicht (lass <lu cin Deutchcr hist 90 94Poem: Summer.............. 1)5 Editorials---- ------------------9S College Notes____________ 102 Alumni Notes____________ Organizations: Band............ Orchestra...... ........... . Male Clu»rus-------------Girls Glee Club----------Our Military Company Exchanges........................... Dc Rebus Omnihns-----------Locals___________________ Aus dein Seminar................. Athletics........ ........................ Campus and Classroom----

M V

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THE

BLACK AND

REP SEPTEMBER 1915

NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE Watertown, Wis.

THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., September, 1915.

Number 4

TUTSSIAN CIVILIZATION. “I don’t sec why the Kaiser and liis uncivilized nation wanted this war. This exclamation one hears on his daily routine from people who know very little about this present war and read nothing but the pro-ally press and articles that are not correct. Regardless of facts the Kaiser and the German nation are blamed, the Allies’ cause is justified, because, some people say, they are fighting for better civilization. The whole trouble with such people is that they now very little about Germany and still less about the Allies. If, instead of enthusing over this better civilization, they would consider for but one moment (he largest nation, namely Russia, fighting for the Allies, they would very likely change many of their views. In former times Russia was the least civilized of the great nations. She was over a century behind the times. Many Russians were also aware of this fact, blit never made a move to adopt the ways and ideals of more civilized nations. They simply con soled themselves with the absurd thought, that because they were so much farther behind other powers they would exist so much longer. In later years they have made some progress, but have not nearly attained to the height of other great nations. The life which they lead is still very much more like that of barbarians than a civilized nation. A nation, in which milliards of lice and vermin, microbes of cholera, smallpox and typhoid fever take the

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place of cleanliness, cannot be very far advanced. These things were not heard of very much before the war, but since the war lias been raging they have been uncovered. The German and Austrian troops* experience is that tlie Russians not only mobilized milli.cms of men against them, but also billions of small organisms of various kinds, namely these microbes and germs, whose attack is worse than the Russian army’s. Had Russia labored just a trifle to eradicate these diseases, she could have in all probability avoided taking part in this tur moil. But wliere the majority of the people are slovenly and care little for cleanliness, their mental powers naturally become slow and enervated. So Russia^ desire to extend her empire caused her to be care less in her policy of precaution. For ever since her successful movement against Poland in the eighteenth century slie lias been eager to extend her autocracy to the southeastern part of Europe and also to devour Turkey. She did not, however, care in what manner, whether by honesty or not, as long as she attained her end, just as she robbed Sweden of Finnland in 1809, and also how she deprived Persia of parts of the Caucasus in 1813. Therefore when this chance came to back up Servia, Russia did not consider right or wrong, but plunged herself blindly into the conflict, in stead of being careful as a civilized nation should be. After Russia declared war and sent her troops to the front, other poor qualities became plainly manifest, which do not give one the impression that slie would help to better civilization should she win. Namely her manner of warfare and her treat ment of non-combatants. The barbarians used to drive cattle ahead of their armies to lessen the effect of the enemy’s fire; the Russians of to-day, however, send poor, innocent peasants ahead of their hordes, who answer to the same purpose for a nation fight ing for better civilization which cattle did for barbarians. Ger man consuls and representatives in Russia also received treatment such as they could scarcely have received from barbarians. They were arrested and treated like criminals, their houses being ran sacked and their property and money confiscated; they received food which was uneatable and injurious to health. The consul in Kowno, Freiherr von Lerclienfeld, has been in prison for the last nine months. Likewise his vice-consul was put into a convict prison near Tiflis, a prison in wliich only the worst criminals are confined. Many other atrocities to which tlie lowest, most abject barbarian, devoid of all moral sensibility and feeling, would not stoop, were committed by the Russians. They snatched mothers and in nocent daughters from the homes of the East Prussian peasantry and nailed them to the sides of barns and there let them hang, stripped of all clothing, in the burning sun, to suffer untold tor-

THE BLACK AND RED

125

tures. A Russian prisoner on being examined reported the Cos sack^ order was to compel the German prisoners to give infor mation by mutilating them. The manner of warfare and these atrocities certainly do not establish a very good opinion of Russia, much less do they make her civilization worth while fighting for. Every man wlio understands the low and degraded condition Russia is in, will ask himself: “Shall Europe be Russianized? Shall the knout and pogrom become institutions in civilized Europe?” He will lift up his voice in warning to England and France: “Fools if you help to wipe out Germany, you will have to fight Russia yourself, in Asia and in Europe, before a generation is passed. It will be a doubtful glory to have intrenched the Cos sack with his knout upon the ruins of Europe’s fairest civilization. Z. B. I.，18. UNDANK 1ST NICHT IMMER DER WELT LOHN. Die Jahre 1700-1730 brachten viele Indianerkriege mit sich. Auch das Dorf X. blicb nicht vershont von den AngrifPen der WilDasselbc lag in einem der fried lichen Taeler von Maine. den. Die Indianer, (lie umher wolinten, waren den Englaendern und somit den dortigen Ansiedlcrn iminer feind gewesen und, als die Franzosen sie gegen die Englaender zu kaempfen dingten, waren sie nur zu willig, denselben I-Iilfe zukommen zu lassen. Sie verbrannten viele Doerfer und kamen auch bald vor das Dorf X. Die Bewohner des Dorfes bcgaben sicli mit ihrem I-Iab und Gut auf das nahe liegende Fort. Doch sie konnten sich nicht lange halten gegen die lieftigen Angriffe der Wilden und bald wurde der Mangel an Wasser bcmerkbar. Man ging mit erroeteten Koepfen und liaengenden Zungen umlier, und als die Indianer dies merkten, fingen sie an brennende Pfeile auf das Dacli des Pulvermagazines zu schiessen. Als endlich ein Feuer ausbrach und das Magazin explodierte, konnten die Verteidiger sich nicht mehr halten, sondern mussten sich den wilden I-Iorclen ergeben. Diese fingen nun ein grauenhaftes Gemetzel an und nur wenige kamen mit dem Leben davon. Unter diesen befand sich auch ein Maedchen. Ihr Vater and ihre Mutter wurden vom Haeuptling vor ihren Augen getoetet. Er nahm sie nun mit und erkor sie zu seiner “squaw.” Das Fort wurde dem Feuer als Raub ueberlassen. Im Lager wurde nach der Rueckkehr der Krieger ein grosses Freudenfest gefeiert. Peuerwasser Oder besser “whiskey” wurde ueber alle Massen gebraucht und waehrend er im halben Wahnsinn war, liess der Haeuptling die Jungfrau herbeiholen und machte sie unter vielen Ceremonien zu seiner “squaw.” Doch, als er sie um-

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armen wollte, schlug sie ihm ins Gesicht. In wilder Wut liess er sie binden und in einen leeres “wigwam” bringen. Man beriet nun, was man mit dem Maedchen tun sollte. Man beschloss, sie bei lebendigem Leibe zu verbrennen. Doch der Plan des Haeuptlings sollte sclieitern durcli das Tun eines seiner Stammesgenossen. Ein alter Indianer hatte in dem Maedchen seine einstmalige Retterin erkannt. Er liatte sich einst seinen Fuss verrenkt, und sie liatte ilm gefunden und gepflegt, bis er wieder gesund ward. Er war auch nicht betrunken 'vie die uebrigen. Dieser Wilde fasste niui shnell einen waglialsigen Plan. Als die meisten schliefen, krocli er behende in das Zelt, in dem das Maedchen lag, und befreite sie. Erst wollte sie ihm nicht folgen, doch als sie ihn erkannte, ging sie willig mit. Nachdem sie die Bis letzten Zelte passiert hatten, shritten sie tuechtig vorwaerts. Morgen werden sie alle schlafen, und wir werden einen guten Vorsprung haben, und bis sie uns erreiclien, lioffe icli clich siclier aufs naechste Fort gebraclit zu liaben,” so redete der Alte zu clem Maedchen. Die Indianer shliefen noch bis an den Mittag des naechsten Tages. Sobald aber der Haeuptling erwachte, fragte er nach Elsa, denn so hiess das Maedchen. Man suclite das gauze Dorf ab, aber man fand sie nicht. Bald fanden sie aber ihre Faehrte auf dem Sande am Bacli entlang. Man eilte nun den Fluechtigen, so schnell man konnte, nach. Doch es ging etwas langsam, denn das Feuerwasser wirkte noch in ihnen. Alle Waelder der Umgegend wurden abgesuclit, aber man fand die Entflolienen niclit. Immer weiter eilten sie. Doch unsere Fluechtlinge entgingen ihnen wegen des groszen Vorsprungs. Sie hatten auch ein Pferd ge funden, und nachdem das Maedchen dies bestiegen hatte, ging es unter der Fuehrung des Indianers noch schneller vorwaerts. Gegen Abend des folgenden Tages kamen sie an ein einsames Blockhaus in einem Walde. Hier wurde Halt gemaclit und, da die Tuer offen stand, traten sie ein. Der Raum schien von einem Jaeger bewohnt .zu werden. Allerlei Pelle lagen auf dem Boden umher. Bald kam der Bewohner mit einer Antilope auf der Scliulter zurueck. Als er den Indianer sail, wollte er sliiessen, aber Elsa hielt ihn davon ab. Er trat ein und als Elsa um Lagerplaetze fuer sich und ihren Begleiter bat, gewaelirte er ihnen diese. Mit Hilfe Elsa’s war nun bald eine Mahlzeit hergestellt. Beim Mahl erzaehlte Elsa ihre Geschichte. Da klopft es ploetzlich an der Tuer. Erschreckt verbargen sich die Fluechtlinge, da sie Feinde erwarteten. Doch wer trat ein—ein englisher Offizier. Er bat den Mann um Auskunft ueber die Gegend und andere Dinge von militaerischem Wert. Er bekam die erwuenschte Auskunft und wollte shon gehen, als er sich ploetzlich umarmt fuehlt. Er dreht sicli um und sicht—seine Geliebte. Diese liatte ihn an seiner Stimme erkannt und liess sich nicht abhalten, mit ilim zu reden. Er war hoch er-

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freut, sie su sehen, aber als er ilire Not hoerte, wurde er sehr ^mpoert. Er fragte wie es gekommen sei das sie so weit von zu Hause waere. Sie rief ihreri Begleiter und erzaehlte ihm von dessen Treue. Da wurde der Offizier wieder freundlich und bat den Indianer, mit ihm aufs Port zu gehen. Dieser versprach, es zu tun. Nun blieb der Offizier, der auf einem Kundshafterritt war, auch. beim Jaeger ueber Nacht. Am naeclisten Tage begaben die drei sich auf das suedlich von dort liegende Fort. Die beiden Verlobten konnten dem Indianer nicht geinig dan ken fuer seine herrliche Tat. Sie versucliten ihre Faehrte zu verwischen, indem sie einen Bach, der nahe vorbei floss, entlang ritten. Gegen Abend kamen sie ini Fort an. Sogleicli begaben sie sich zum Kommandanten des Ports und meldeten ilnn ihr Geschick. Man hielt nun Rat was man tun solle, und bescliloss (las Indianerdorf anzugreifen. Der Indianer, der sie begleitet hatte, erbot sich zum Fuehrer fuer die Soldaten, die gesaiuU werden sollten. Die naeclisten Tage wurden durch Vorbereilungen fuer den Marsch in Aufspruch genommen. Bndlich bracli der Zug auf. Schnell eilte man vorwaerts. Nach zwei Tagen kam der Zug in die Naelie des Dorfes. Dies wurde nach heftigem Kampfe umzingelt und eingenommen. Die, die beim Angriff nicht gefallen waren, wurden als Gefangene mit geschlept. Der Nach der Rueckkelir wurde ein Kriegsgericlit einberufen. HaeupUing wurde von diesem zum Tode verurteilt und erschossen. Bald darauf reicliten sich Elsa und der Offizier die Hand fuers Leben und, naclulem sie wieder nach England gezogen waren, wohin sie auch den Indianer mitnahmen, lebten sie noch lange Jahre im Prieden. Auch der Indianer lebte noch eine Zeitlang und erlebte noch viele Freude, bis auch er endlich in die “happy hunting K S.，19. grounds” uebersiedelte.

Work is a precious privilege.

# # Everyone is bound to bear patiently the results of his own example— Phoedrus. He who does not make mistakes does not make anything.—Roosevelt. The wideawake man doesn’t wait for opportunity to knock at his door. He meets her at the gate. Integrity and Industry are the best possessions which any man can have, and every man can have them.—McKinley. To talk well is talent一to be a good listener is a fine art. —Frances Anne Butler.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern College.

EDITORIAL STAFF ADBLBBRT F- WESTENDORF , “

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BUSINESS MANAGERS BUSINESS MANAGER ADVERTISING MANAGER

PAUL G. EICKI^R^GELER WALTER W. S

DEPARTMENT EDITORS EXCHANGES ATHLETICS DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCALS CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

HENRY! .BRANDT M6 . • HELMUT H W. SCHAEFER M7 GERTRUDE M. SCHLUETER M6 ELMER IESSL1NG 9\7 AYE M8 OTTO GUSTAV J. SCHLEGEL，t7

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Contributions to the Literary Depariment are requested from Alumni ana unc/crgraduatci# AH literary matter should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief and all bu^in<s3 communications to the Buslncu Manager. annum* payable In advance. Single copicj9 f 5 cent•The terms of subscript!ons are \ Dollar vour address chanexd or vour paper discontinued^ StAmoB not acccoted in oavmcnt. Notifv tia U vou Adverttiing rates furnished upon application. The Black and Red !a forwarded to all subscribers until order for Ita discontinuance U received or the *ub 篡cribcr la more than one year In arreara* Entered at the Poatofficc of Watertown, Wb” as iccond-clasa matter*

WELCOME BACK.

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The new school year always starts with the best of intentions. Just like January the first, the opening day of school is crowded with the best of resolutions.Every one is going to improve. But usually the resolution grows weaker day by day and a month later the best resolutions have been relinquished, and everyone is settled down to his old standard. All of us, undoutedly had some such resolutions, when we re turned to school. We intended to study a little more conscientiously, to make good on the football team or to make other improve ments. And we all have noticed the tendency which they have to weaken. This September has opened a new era in the history of our • school. We have passed the semi-centennial mark and now start toward our centennial. We intend to leave the errors of the past and work anew. Where the old system proved valuable, we in tend to foster it. We are really starting over again, only that we have fifty years of experience to guide us. The next fifty years ought to be an improvement. Likewise it ought to be with everyone of us. Everyone makes a new start each year, always with the experience of the former years to guide him. We have learend wliat things benefit us and

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what things are derogatory. We must learn to exploit the lessons of former years. You know how to avoid the mistakes of last year; you know where you must improve. Are you going to let such an advisor as Experience teach another year in vain? You know the strength of your resolutions. You know whether they can overcome a temp tation or not. If they cannot, then don’t willfully place them where they must meet temptation.

HOMESICKNESS. After several weeks of school, most of us have overcome those thoughts of longing and langnor which we usually experience when leaving home. Now that we have passed through these same pangs and sorrows time and again, we have become inured against them and they grow less acute and unbearable each time. Finally parting becomes part of life’s routine with us and those longings have vanished. Most of us like to forget that we were once a little more soft hearted than we are now and for that reason don’t think it un proper to laugh and scorn the homesickness of one who for the first time had to leave home. lie is an easy center for rude jokes, a helpless victim. Most young men imagine themselves far above any tender emotion and have only scorn for the unfortunate mem ber of their sex who possesses some weakness of this kind. There are certainly some men who were never affected by a longing for a home, for a father and a mother, and who consequently cannot understand the misery of the youngster who does evince such a desire. The person that can deride homesickness of another is one to be pitied. 1-Ie has either never had a home, a loving, tender mother, never enjoyed the atmosphere of love and tender care, or he is a thankless wretch, one who cannot appreciate even by memory those unparalelled gifts of God. That person cannot win tlie love and affection of his fellow beings, because he does not know how to receive and value it. Luckily for the world this class of people does not predominate. Most of us know that feeling, but are ashamed of it as of a weakness not befitting our sex. A careful consideration, however, ought to eliminate that view, and rather present it as a feeling that recalls all the love and affection which we had to forgo, and which is in A. P. W. delibly impressed upon one’s memory.

COLLEGE M©TESo

GOLDEN JUBILEE, JUJsE IS, 10, 20, 1015. H:

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The great celebration, tlie fiftieth birthday of our beloved Northwestern liad come at last. On the eve of Friday, June 18, the Jubilee-program was inchoated by a grand concert of all the musical organizations before an audience which packed our spa cious auditorium to the doors. This concert showed our organiza tions at their very best and was in every way a decided success. On the following moTning the usual commencement exercises were held in which eighteen students were presented with diplomas, entitling them to appendage the enviable title, Bachelor of Arts, to their names, as a synibol of the high intellectual eminence to which they were come. DMve students also graduated for the Busi ness Department. In the afternoon the so-called academic exercises were held. The hall was again filled to its utmost capacity. A stirring address was delivered by Dr. Hoennann, after which short congratulatory speeches were given by representatives from numerous other colleges. Then followed the conferring of degrees in which our own President Ernst was presented with the title, Doctor of Philosophy, by the St. Louis seminary, while Professors O. Brandt of Hamlin, Minn., and E. A. Krauss of St. Louis, Mo., were in turn created Doc tors of Divinity by our faculty. After postludes by the N. W. C. band the ceremonies were concluded. The grand alumni banquet which had been planned for tlie evening was not held on account of the sad and unexpected death of Prof. Eickmann, but a short time ago. There was, however, a social meeting of the members of the alumni and their friends

Iï¼&#x152;

OUR NEW PROFESSOR E. SAUER

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in which the portraits of President Ernst and Dr. Notz were un veiled. These beautiful pictures which now adorn the walls of our reception room were painted by Rev. Brockmann of Wausau. And finally Sunday, the real anniversary, and the culmination of the celebration arrived. Contrary to expectations the sun rose majestically in a clear sky and everything gave promise of being an ideal day which indeed, it turned out to be. Excursion trains from every direction brought in visitors and friends until the num ber swelled to thousands and our park was one surging mass of people. Many more would undoubtedly have come from the sur rounding country in automobiles, had not the almost incessant drizzle of the two preceding days caused all the roads to be quite impassable on account of mud. In the morning divine services were held at which the Rev. Bergemann of Fond ilu Lac preached in German and the Rev. Gausewitz of Milwaukee in English. At 2:00 p. m. the huge assem blage, convened again. This time to take part in the so-called Volksfest. Several speakers addressed the audience, touching on themes which were dear to the heart of every friend of Northwest ern. Among the speakers were two members of the first class that ever graduated from our college: Rev. Pankow of Minnesota and Dr. Pr. Pieper of St. Louis. The speaking was interspersed by selections from the band and renditions by the large Saengerfest choir which was also present that day. At the close the entire mul titude joined with one voice in the popular German anthem, Die Wacht am Rhein, and immediately upon that sang our own national hymn, America, which also concluded the program. The day that had been looked forward to with the most joyous hope and anticipation was gone, and is gone, not to return. Its happy memory, however, shall remain ineffaceably stamped in our minds. As over an endless plain we now let our vision roam and imagine we see in the hazy distance our centennial milestone. We feel a melancholy feeling stealing over us as we think of the trials, hardships and tribulation to be encountered, ere we reach that far off goal, if indeed, we shall ever be privileged to see it. That, how ever, is not in our hands, therefore drop we our moody reflections: God will take us thru storm and need, e’en as He has done the past fifty years. In Him alone we trust and Soli Deo Gloria.

OFFICERS OF VARIOUS N. W. C. ORGANIZATIONS. Walter Zank_________ Adelbert P. Westendorf. Philip Froehlke______

SENIOR CLASS.

____________ President. ________ Vice President. Secretary and Treasurer.

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JUNIOR CLASS

_____ President. Vice President. Secretary and Treasurer. SOPHOMORE CLASS. --------------------President. Adolph Zeisler. ------------- Vice President. Otto Klaye___ Secretary and Treasurer. Karl Kuske__ FRESHMAN CLASS. --------------------President. Wm. Lehmann — ------------- Vice President. Ewald Tacke__ Secretary and Treasurer. Frederick Brandt N. W. C. Band. ____ President. Helmutli W. Scliaefer, *17 .Vice President. Walter Sprengler, *16----____ Secretary. Adolf Zeislei% ’18----------_____ Librarian. Wm. Lelimann, *19--------N. W. C. Chorus. ____ President. Clamor Fuelling, ’16― .Vice President. Walter Sprengler, ’16. _____ Secretary. Walter Zank, ’16___ _____ Librarian. Leonard Bernthal, J18 N. W. C. ORCHESTRA. ___ President. Elmer C. Kiessling, *17 Walter Sprengler, ’16— Vice President. Otto Klaye, ’18----------____ Secretary. Theo. Boettcher, Prep. ____ Librarian.

Elmer C. Kiessling—. Helmutli W. Scliaefer Otto Gruendemann----

N. W. C. MILITARY COMPANY. Wm. Hutli,，16 ------__________ Captain. Henry Brandt, ’16------__First Lieutenant. Clamor Fuelling, *16— Second Lieutenant. Benno Pupfer，’16------___ First Sergeant. Otto Gruendemann, ’17 _ .Second Sergeant. Walter Gutzke，’17------___ Third Sergeant. John Henning, ’18------.__Fourth Sergeant. Walter Meyer, ’18------___ Fifth Sergeant. Edward Duxe, ’18-------___ Color Sergeant. LYCEUM LITERARY SOCIETY. Walter Zank，’16___ --------------------- President. Henry Brandt, ’16__ ------------- Vice President. Helmuth Schaefer, *17 Secretary and Treasurer. PHILOMATHEAN LITERARY SOCIETY. Adelbert F. Westendorf, ’16 ---------------------President. Elmer C. Kiessling, ’17------------------- Vice President. Karl Kuske, *18------------------Secretary and Treasurer.

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OBITUARY.

Hardly had we recovered from the shock of the sudden death of our inspector, Prof. Eickmann last June, when we were again M. cast down with grief and sorrow at the sad tidings of the death of our beloved fellow student, Karl Siegler, which happened in the forenoon of June 15. Karl Siegler was born on the 24th of March, 1900, in Bay City, Mich. About eight years ago his parents moved to Watertown where he lias lived with them ever since. On the 14th of June he was yet among us, attending all his classes, altho he suffered from a severe headache. Towards evening his condi足 tion gradually became worse and soon developed into unconscious足 ness. He was hurried to St. Mary's hospital where, after an un足 successful operation, it was learned that he had a hemorrhage of the brain. He was taken back to his home in the early morning where he lingered in a state of unconsciousness until 10:00 a. m. when death closed his eyelids forever. The funeral services were held three days later, interment taking place in the Lutheran cem足 etery. In him we have lost a faithful and loving friend and a true, Christian fellow student. AUS DEM SEMINAR. Am 8. Sept, fan cl cler Eroeffnungs-Gottesdienst statt. Herr Dir. Schaller liielt die Predigt ueber Jes. 45,15; er legte dar, dass die Theologie das unbefriedigendste, aber zu gleicher Zeit auch das befriedigendste Studium sei. Am 9. Sept, nahmen die Vorlesungen ihren Anfang. Herr Prof. Koehler ist wieder so we it genesen, dass er seine Vorlesungen ueber Kirchengeschichte und Hermenentik regelmaessig halten kann. Die dritte Klasse zaehlt dreizehn Mitgliedern, welche saemtlich vom Northwestern College kommen. Die neueingetretenen Studenten sind die folgenden Herren: S. Baer, M. Glaeser, W. Haar, R. Janke, A. Kehrberg, G. Kobs, K. Koehler, E. Kolander, W. Lindloff, P. Lutzke, O. Medenwald, H. Nitz, M. Wehauser. Die Gesamtzahl der Studenten belaeuft sich dies Jalir auf fuenfundvierzig. Herr Gustav Fischer von Glencoe, Minn., der zwei Semester auf der Universitaet zu Leipzig studiert hat, ist waehrend der Sommerferien zurueckgekehrt und in die zweite Klasse eingetreten. Er berichtet eine verhaeltnismaessig ruhige Ozeanreise. Er reiste ueber Kopenhagen. Am S. Sept, fand die Wahl der Zoetusbeamten statt. Das Ergebnis war: W. Hillmer, Praeses; W. Wietzke, Vize-Praeses; W. Behrens, Sekretaer; W. Schumann, Schatzmeister. Herrn R. Fenske wurde vom Zoetus ein Beileidsschreiben zugeschickt, da er den Tod seines teuren Vaters betrauert.

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Herr John Mueller, ein Mitglied der zweiten Klasse, ist zu dem Theologischen Seminar in St. Louis uebergesiedelt. Die Herren Pastoren Diehl von Milwaukee and W. Knether von Wabeno statteten dem Seminar am 10. Sept, einen Besuch ab. II. C. N. ALUMNI NOTES. On August 15th, G. W. Hauschild *00 was married to Miss Jose phine Woodcock, at Berkeley, California. Ernest I-Ieilmann，05, was married to Miss Elsa Baumann at Watertown on August 9th. Otto Plath *10, called on friends on his way to California. Dur ing tlie next year he is going to teach at the Massachusetts Tech nological Institute. Carl Scliweppe，12, William Lueckel *13 and Herbert Parisius ’13 liave been engaged as tutors for the ensuing year. Alfred Sclnveppe *15, is going to take up post graduate work in English at the University of Wisconsin.

Miss Cornelia Schlueter ’15, is teaching at Bangor, Wis. Adolf Stiemke，15, has betaken himself to St. Louis, Mo., where he intends to pursue his theological studies. Theo. Scliroedel *02, Walter Wente }11 and Hans Hoyer ex-* 17, attended the University of Chicago during the summer quarter. Hans Gaebler ’07, is assistant librarian at the law library of the University of Chicago. He is now spending his vacation at Watertown. Herman Klingbiel ’11，was married to Miss Elsa Zillisch, July 7th. He was ordained at Owosso and installed in liis charge at Ixonia, August 8th. • Herman Pankow ex-12, was ordained at Cambridge, Sept. 12th, and will soon go to his charge at Avoca, Mich. Hans Schlei ’ll, was married to Miss Selma Bergemann at Fond du Lac on Sept. 3rd. Mr. Schlei is teaching mathematics and English at the Trade School in Milwaukee. J. O.

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All June issues of institutions with some repute are of very little interest to an exchange editor, because, of the personal notes, etc. of the graduating class. We do not wish to comment censori ously on this nuniber, because June is the month when many of our friends, who have become dear to us during our sojourn at school, graduate, and we can only give them the last assurance of our sincerity through the medium of our college magazine. Not as one who disapproves tradition, but as one who sees himself unable to make an interesting comment upon personals of no interest tc him, I again grasp my few and hastily array myself, together with my fellow editors, for inspection, criticism, or advice. This by way of ail apology to fortell anyone who might expect a more thorough comment. Of the numerous exchanges that outlived the trials and tribu lations of vacation in some remote corner of a bookshelf the "D. M. L. C. Messenger” (New Ulm, Minn.,) was the first to greet us with its now faded cover. But as clothes do not characterise the mental or physical ability of a man, so does a faded magazine cover not vouch for the material therein. The validictory attests for this, where the writer has it that the guiding motive of lurey young man who chooses teaching as his profession should be “the love towards Him who first loved us,” “and an earnest desire to serve Him in his vineyard.” “Helen Keller” is an article worthy of consideration. The fact that “Helen Keller” was successful in life and gained such re nown though laboring under severest adversities, should be an in centive to every Christian to use God’s gifts most effectually for his own benefit and his Maker’s honer. “Out Camping” is, as the name suggests, of that class of stories where the writer can put his readers in medias sres. These stories necessitate only a small or no introduction and are therefore used

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by literary fledglings to a large extend. Though the plot is good, the diction is very faulty. The English does not seem to have un dergone a very rigid censorship. Every article, story, etc., sub mitted should either contain presentable English or be rejected. The Editorial Department is by far the most complete. It is characterized by its well chosen topics for discussion. The Exchange Column, tliougli brief, presents a unique method of criticism. We seek in vain for an athletic column. Such an important fac tor in college activities should receive clue recognition from the editing staff so as to dispel the otherwise seemingly justified belief that the students have become so effeminate as to be contended with a daily stroll. We appreciate your visits ancl solicit your calls in the future. In a certain period of college journalism the question usually arises whether a school that has been publishing a quarterly, month ly or tlie like, sliould abandon this practice and publish a weekly instead. Many schools abide by tradition and continue to edit their monthly periodicals, setting forth, the argument tliat in a monthly there is more space at the disposal of the editors for heavier literary mater. Others, however, prefer the weekly publication, because it deals more with personals, school activities, etc., bringing these before the public before they grow “stale.” We shall not attempt to discuss wliich is the better. The “La'vrentian” (Appleton, Wis”） whose weekly visit we wish to acknowledge herewith, is a publi cation of the latter class. But at certain periods it appears in magazine form with heavier literature than usual. We approve your custom of editing these special numbers. Call again. “The Spectator” (Columbus, Ohio) is one of our best exchanges. The literary department usually contains articles, short essays and an occasional story to offset the impending monotony. In “The 'Vorld’s Debt to Astronomy” the writer tries to make manifest to us the unpayable debt we owe Galilia and his forerunners for un folding the mysteries of the heavens. To the astronomer we owe international trade and to him we are indebted for our exact knowl edge of latitude and longitude, for without our present maritime instruments at our disposal we should be as hopelessly lost on mid ocean as we were before these instruments were discovered. And in addition the astronomer enabled us to let the fancy run to other worlds than ours, to watch the stars roll on their courses, and to feel the presence of the Infinite One in their eternal lustre.” Your Editorial Department is not up to the average of other numbers. The joke column is complete and offsets the gloom and disgust expressed in the athletic column. Although the exchange editor comments on but one magazine his criticism is so complete that it is the best comment that we have read in any college mag azine. May you continue with your good work.

HAITI. Conditions in our neighboring Haiti state of Mexico did not prove our policy of ^watchful waiting” as successful. When there, fore, a revolution broke out in the little Republic of Haiti and the situation there seemed dangerous, our Government decided to make a more energetic and successful intervention. The trouble began with the execution of the one hundred and sixty political prisoners by the order of General Oscar, Governor of Port-au-Princo, who is supposed to have acted in the interest of President GuilUiuine. Among the victims was ex-President Zamor. Following the custom of former blood-feuds, relatives and friends of these men killed General Oscar and also President Vilbrun Guillaume. Their leader was Dr. Rosalvo Bobo. Rear-Ad miral Caperton, with a force of about 1,500 American marines, sup pressed the disturbance and took over the control of the entire ad ministration of Haitian affairs, civil and military. The French Government requested and secured permission to land a small num ber of tlicir own marines as a special protection to the French Min ister. A similar request of the Germans was considered presump tuous. Acting in accordance with the Monroe Doctrine the United States took it upon themselves to play the role of policeman. On August 12th, the National Assembly elected Gen. Sudred *Artinguenave president of Haiti by 94 votes out of 116. A list of de mands was submitted to the new President. 1. A Haitian receivership of customs shall be established, un der American control, which shall include an American Administra tor-General of Customs and an American collector incharge of the customs-house at each port. 2. A native Haitian rural and civic constabulary is to be es tablished under the command of American officers. 3. Thru its customs-control the United States shall govern absolutely all expenditure of public moneys to the extent necessary to prevent speculation and safeguard the interest of the American People.

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4. Haiti shall sede no portion of her territory to any nation but tlie United States. 5. All revolutionary forces are to be disarmed. 6. The convention is to run for a period of ten year&. In a public statement issued by Sec. Lansing the United States Government declared that it has no purpose of aggression and is entirely disinterested in promoting this protectorate. We have only one purpose—that is, to help the Haitian people and prevent them from being exploited by irresponsible revolutionists. ；i . •:

INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION REPORTS.

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The general restlessness of the working classes and the many social and industrial problems led to the organization of a special commission whose duty it was to inspect conditions in order to find tlie causes of this industrial unrest and present a number of recommendations, upon which Congress should act at its next meet ing. After two years of research the Federal Commission on In dustrial Relations presented a statement o fits findings on Aug. 22d. The main reasons for tlie restless conditions in our country are given us: 1. Uujust distribution of wealth and income. 2. Unemployment and denial of opportunity to earn a living. 3. Denial of justice in the creation, in the adjudication, and in the administration of law. 4. Denial to the right and opportunity to form effective or ganizations. One group, consisting of Basil M. Manly, Director of Research and Investigation, Chairman Frank P. Walsh and John B. Lennon, James O’Connell and Austin B. Garretson, who represented tlie em ployed on the Commission, ascribe the greatest fault to the present distribution of wealth and propose the enactment of an inheritance tax and that the government shall confiscate for public uses all above the sum of a million dollars in any estate. Other recommen dations relate to labor’s right to form effective organizations. The next group, Prof. R. Commons and Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, who, with Chairman Walsh, represented the public, recommend “the creation of a Federal Fund for Social Welfare, main tained by an inheritance tax on large fortunes and administered by a Commission on Industrial Relations aided by an Advisory Council composed of representatives of employers and employees.” Commissioners Weinstock, Aishton and Ballard, representing the employers, partly agreed to the other statements and also issued a supplemental report of their own, in which they hold that great reforms are necessary in labor unionism.

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一The glorious days have passed! Again Alma Mater has called her sons from the vacational haunts of recreation, called them to her side to guide them for another year, and impart to them the knowledge of the arts and sciences. And great numbers responded to the call, although Northwestern’s enrollment is not as large as last year. About forty students entered the Preparatory Department, forty-five enrolled in the College. Among the new arrivals in the Collegiate Department are: Karl Plocher of St. Paul, who entered the Junior class, Bernhard J. Wesstendorf, Karl F. Kraus, Gerald O. Hoenecke, Arthur G. Wacker, Walter Meier and Herbert Lau, upon whom the unusual distinction of being permitted to belong to the renowned class of 191S, was conferred. The D. M. L. C. entrants in the Freshman class are Louis Meier and Erwin Abelmann. Arm in Rctzlaff, also a newcomer, registered as mem ber of the Commercial College. — On Sept. 7. Miss Maria Kieckbusch visited Homer Williams, Prep. 一Rev. W. C. Ileidtke escorted liis son Waldemar, Prep., to Watertown. —Th. Bauer, ’16, and Gerhard, Prep., arrived at school Sept. 7. 一R. Tegtmeyer, Kurt Tinimel, Gerhard Press and Fred Kaiser, Preps., enjoyed Sunday, Sept. 5tli, in Oconomowoc. 一O. C. Stern of Deer Lodge, Mont., visited Max Stern, Prep., on Sept. 2. 一Archie Fischer, ’15，popped up in Watertown Sept. 6. At the occasion he visited classmates and the Watertown Inter-County fair. For that purpose he came here from Chicago, 111. —Lenard Bernthal ’IS was an unusual attraction in his home burg Ixonia oil Sunday, Sept. 5.

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—At first it is but one,—and then another—and still another一 until finally it is a swarm of pestiferous beasts, that fly about our heads at eve and serenade us with their affectionate buzzing. A pleasant diversion it is to permit one to promenade upon your face or arms, while you are poring over Tactics or some other physiolo gical treatise on astronomy, and then allow him to sink his infec tious sting into your flesh and fill his trunk, or suitcase, as the case may be, with your precious life’s blood. Rumors have been spread that screens would be attached to our windows in the near future, to bar those welcome visitors from our rooms, but we still hope in earnest that we may not be deprived of the great pleasure of their intolerable company. ―Leonard Bernthal,，18, was an unusual attraction in his home. —Mrs. Timmel of Oconomowoc called on her sons Raymond *18 and Kurt, Prep., oil Sept. 7. —Melvin Croll, Prep., arrived at school 2 days late. 一Roy Vollmers, formerly of the class of ’16, has discontinued his studies at school. 一Marvelous Eddie Blakewell ’18，is fast becoming a man of strong character. He has been here eight days and not visited his home once during that time. 一Arthur Gentz, Prep., visited in his home town, Oak Grove, on Sept. 5. —Various members of the class of 1915 stopped off with us on their way to the Seminary. Among them were “Zig” Medenwald, “Joe” Kobs, “Pod” Lindloff, Chas. Nitz, Ed. Kolander, “Jacques” Kehrberg, “Jim” Wehausen, “Diclc” Lutzke, and “Willie” I-Iaar. —Edward C. Lange ’18, was transported from Wonewoc to Wa tertown with an automobile by his brother Herman C. Lange and a friend William Petermann, both of Wonnewoc. —Samuel Baer ’16, was a caller here during the first week of September. —Rev. P. Kupfer called on his son Bruno ’1(5, on Aug. 31. 一Walter Hillmer’13, a former editor-in-chief of this paper, visited friends in Watertown on Sept. 7. 一Walter Keibel ’13, appeared in our midst Sept, 10. —Aware of the fact that Watertown’s population was fast dim inishing, Samuel Herrmann，1S，decided to raise it to the old stand ard. He did so by bringing three brothers with him. His family now carrie s the most influential vote in the student body, —Her】man Kieckbusch, a former student, dropped in on us when he was in town with the Columbus Military Band, which organization performed at the Watertown Street Fair on Sept. 9. 一“Shorty” Hanisch, formerly of the class of ’18，called on friends Sept. 10. —Fred Schleicher ’16, discontinued studies at the institution because of illness.

ATHLETICS

Football prospects at N. W. C. are not as good at present as they were a year ago. Only fiive of last year’s regulars have reported to date. Koenig, upon whom we counted so much, did not return this year and likewise Hollenbeck. Both of these men played their respective positions at halfback faultlessly last season and were expected back again for the coming season,, but our hopes of their return are of no avail. The line has also suffered considerably through the loss of A Kehrberg, Kolander and Stiemke, all of whom graduated last June. Many a time did we see “Jakes” nail the enemy’s quarterback before he had the ball passed, and “Koly” stop the center smashes while “Steamer” saw to it that he got into the limelight, too. Pauly Eickmann, our crack little quarter, is having quite a hard time to get parental permission to play again this year. This leaves the coach and captain only about one-half of last year’s regulars to work with, but in spite of this great handi cap, they are still hopeful of developing a few more men just as valuable as those that have left. Nothing absolutely certain can as yet be said as to who will work in the vacancies, but judging from the material at hand and the selection the captain has made, it is highly probable that most of the following men will be in the lineup. At end, undoubtedly, Brandt and Froehlke will again show their ability in pulling down passes, etc. Karl Kuske will again play his old favorite position left tackle. At the other tackle Gruendemann is being tried out. He is by no means a “green” man at football, having last year played a fine game at center for the sec onds. Two new guards will have to be developed and also a new center. Binhammer and Zeisler, both of whom played fine foot ball for the seconds last year, have been selected temporarily as

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guards and Vohs, also a member of the former second team, is the selection for center. All of the above mentioned men have been doing admirable work so far and with a little more polishing and instruction in the fine points of the game promise to become valu able men in the line. As to the backline, Capt. Westendorf is again at fullback and Zank, who played halfback ever since the injury of Koenig in the Milwaukee Normal game, is playing halfback again this year. Grabow has been picked for the present to play the other half and Duxe is making a stand for the position of quarter. The last two men tioned are not entirely new at their positions cither since both of them also served a term on the second team. 13. Lange, who was substituted in several of the games last year is also out, this time to gain a permanent place on the team. The subs have not been picked yet as there is such a wealth of gopd material on liaiul to choose from. These men are being watched closely and, of course, those that show up best in the scrimmages will be selected. Games have been arranged with Beloit, Carroll, Milwaukee Normals, Whitwater Normals and Ripon.

And he that does one fault at first And lies to hide it, makes it two. They never taste who always drink; They always talk who never think. —Prior. Heaven is not always angry when he strikes But most chastises those whom most He likes. —Promfret. Censure is a tax a man pays to the public for being eminent. —Swift.

' !!

Keep virtues simple path before your eyes, Nor think from evil good can ever rise. Thomson. A little fire is quickly trodden out; which, being suffered, rivers cannot quench.—Shakespeare.

m —Football!? —First Student: “Ilow (lid you enjoy the vacation?” Second Sludont: “Not at all, they were too long.” 一Student: (during the first recitation after the vacation) “May I ask a question ?M Prof: “Yes, if U is in connection with our subject.” Not exactly, but I just wanted to know when the . S Indent: Christmas vacations begin ? 一The loss of (he Junior Class is heavy, the backbone is broken, among other prominent members the Star and Stark of the class did not return. —Stud: **11 takes a smooth mail to get to the top!” Yes, and ho is smooth at the top by the time he Prof.: gets there.” Junior: to Prep.) “Has your father any pigs?” Prep.: Not since I’m gone.” 一Teacher: “Nelly, what do you know about the Orchidaceae family?” Nelly: “Mama, forbade me to gossip.!’’ —Ein* Ivriegsberichterstatter schaut sicli in einem Schuetzengraben-XJnterstand um: “Kinder, wie liuebsch ilir eingerichtet seid.” “Ja, sagt ein Soldat, “wenn unsere Villa nur noch gegen Feuer versichert waere•”

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—“Where did you land at Sock?” Sock: “Into the horse stable.” * * * * 一Tom was the laziest boy you can imagine. On some pretext or other lie could always dodge work. The teacher one day told Tom to write a full and exhaustive composition on a game of ball. You wouldn’t think Tom could dodge that job, eli? Well, anyhow, he did, and the composition he turned in read: “Game postponed account rain.”

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—“But why did you leave your last place?” the lady asked the would-be-cook. “To tell the truth, mum, I just couldn’t stand the way the master and missus used to quarrel, mum” “Dear me! Do you mean to say that they actually used to quarrel?” “Yis, mum, all the time. When it wasn’t me an him, it was me an* her.

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—Boy: “That man made a hole in your ticket, nia.” Mother: “What of it?” Boy: “Wliy did not you scold him the way you do me when I make a hole in my trousers?” * * * * ―Vater: “Jossel, was studierst du da?” Sohn: “Astronomie!” Vater: “Wossu, v/enn du nun sclion entdeckst ae neuen Planeten, was tust du damit?” —A city youth secured a job with farmer Jones. The morn ing after tlie arrival promptly at four o’clock the farmer rapped on his door and told him to get up. The youth protested. “What for?” lie asked rubbing liis eyes. "Why we are going to cut oats,” replied the farmer. “Are they wild oats,” queried the youth, “that you’ve got to sneak up on ’em in the dark?” * * * * —Prof.: “Can you prove that these triangles are congruent?” Student: “Tlie triangles are either congruent, then no proof is necessary, or they are not congruent then of course every proof is superfluous.” * * * * —“Jones never had a thing to say about that last fishing trip of his, did he?” No, you see, he really caught a lot of fish and he was afraid to tell anyone for fear they won’t believe him.”

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—Mary was a little girl and very polite. It was the first time she had been on a visit alone, and she had been carefully instructed how to behave. “If they ask you to dine with them, papa had said, you must say: ‘No, I thank you, I have already dined.’ ” It turned out just as papa had anticipated, “Come along, Mary, “said her little friend; father, “you must have abite with us.” "No, thank you,” said the little girl with dignity, “I have al ready bitten.” —Wo ist miser Isaak? 0 wie schad’， Jel.z da man I-Iebraer noetig hat, Da kommt (ler Jude nicht wieder. Uiul (ler Kuckuck, auch das muss noch gescheh’n, Fliegt fort und laesst sich nicht wiederseh,n, Fort sind Traeumereien und Lieder Und der schwache Starke, wir hoeren ihn nicht, Weiss jemand, ob er nun lauter spricht? Er staerkt wolil (lurch Arbeit die Glieder! —Fellow Student: If someone spoke, And it was a joke, Put down what was said For the BLACK AND RED.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS l-*rof. E. Sauer Insert — 123 1/itcrary______________ Russian Civilization 123 Undank ist nicht imraerdcr Welt Lohn_123 128 Bilitorials_____ ___________________ 130 C<»lleKc Notes______________________ 130 Golden Jubilee_________________ 1；11 Oflicers of N. W. C. Organizations 133 Obituary______ ________________ 133 Aus dem Seminar__________________ 134 Alumni Notes______________________ 135 Bxchang«s_________________________ 137 Dc Kcbun Omnibus-------------------------137 Haiti--------------- ----------------------138 Industrial Commission Reports— 139 Locals___ ....------ -------141 Athletics_____________ 143 Campus and Classroom

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THE

BLACK AND RED OCTOBER 1915

NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

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THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., October, 1915.

Number 5

LOST A>I) FOUND. The sun had hardly risen in all its glory when the first merry makers arrived in Borghese Grove, situated in that one time capitol of the world, Rome. Little presentment had that sprightly lad who had but about a year ago come into the possession of the highest prize which liis father had among his earthly possessions and which also afforded both him and his father their livelihood, a cello. To relate the history of this cello, is not the purpose of this story, but merely let it be said that the instrument was very old, and therefore of great value. Many an artist Iiacl offered the father a nice sum of money and other gifts for it, but he always staunchly refused. From early childhood our hero, Ronotello, was instructed upon this instru ment, and I dare say, when his father died, his ability and master ing of the instrument were not far behind those of his ancestor. Ronotello also looked to this instrument for a livelihood and soon joined one of those assemblies of musicians. So it happened that he was among the first to enter upon tlie solitude of Borghese Grove, for this company on its itinerary happened to pass thru it. But hardly had they penetrated very far into the solitude of this historic part of this ancient city, when they accepted the astounding invita tion, offered by this place, and made themselves comfortable in its grassy beds, and there sent forth almost wonderful peals of music. Persons passing stood about the musicians, awe-struck for but a mo ment, but then could hold themselves no longer, and joined hands in a quick, lively dance, according to the cadence of the music. Yes, V-：

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to be in the propinquity of these musicians alone was joy, without even accepting the invitation to the dances which their music ex tended. As it was said, just about a year ago Ronotello had come into tlie possession of liis cello. Little he knew of the future at that time, but looked hopefully into it”Yes, even on that day, when he last played in Borghese Grove, did lie have an anticipation what the future would bring him. What did lie care about the war that was devastating the European countries? Little did he expect that tlie bugles would soon sound in his paternal city, and call to arms all young, serviceable persons, and also send the standing army to the front. The future till to-day looked bright and happy to him, but wliat would the morrow bring? Little did lie expect, lie was not ed ucated, he had no comprehension of the “3 Rs,” and therefore could not follow up the dailies, or take notice of the bulletines which announced the entry of his country into the great conflict of nations. Next morning after having earned about 3 liras (58cts) on the previous day, the company set out, and was about to leave the city when they were stopped by a guard who informed them that that their king had also asked for a hand in that war game which at pres ent was being played by monarclis of Europe, and that all men are called to the colors. Furthermore they should not dare to leave town, but report at once to tlie recruiting sergeant, and he would in form them what was to be done, for every member of this little orchectra was still bound to service. Our friends had no alternative but to go to the person mentioned. Here they received the sorrow ful, yes heart-breaking orders, to obtain for themselves the neces sary paraphernalia for the soldier on duty. The government did not furnish uniforms, but ordered them for sale, and every one who was forced to enter the ranks was also forced to buy one. How were our musicians to do this? The few liras they made every day were but hardly enough to provide for the daily food. With sad hearts they lead their weary way to a pawn shop which was close at hand, and with tearful eyes passed tlieir instruments across the counter. Especiall such must be said of Ronotello. But what could he do? The country commanded, he must follow. His leav ing the pawn shop is almost a heart-breaking scene and next we And him about six months later, in a company of infantry who are just leaving the city after a half year’s hard training. He was not together with his fellow musicians entered Borghese Grove. Sad remembrances passed thru liis mind, as his company arrived at the railroad station, which was situated near those historic ruins which formed the entrance to the Grove. Absentmindedly lie followed the rest into cars, took no notice of what was going on about him till after about seventeen hours of constant riding he lazily dragged his weary bones from the car. Next we find him on his first duty. Thislife was new to him, and absorbed his thoughts for a time, but not-

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very long. During this time, however, he gradually distinguished himself and for some heroic deed was awarded the order of the Annunciation, which is an honor similar to that of the Iron Cross of Germany. . We again leave him with liis military honors and about six months later enter one of the numerous field hospitals which are situated along the border, directly behind the line of fighting. Many a crippled person do we find here. Here, to the right, one who has lost liis left leg, and another in a rolling chair next to him, without eyes. Quite a number are blind, and some are in such a deplorable and wretched condition that we do not care to look at them. Yes, such is war. As we pass thru one of these hospitals we are attract ed by the peculiar bandages which are about a certain figure, but he cannot recognize us. Finally we hear him conversing with another patient and we at once recognize the voice that about a year ago was singing in Borghese Grove, accompanied by his company of mu sicians, and the cello, which his finger plied quite dexterously. No, we are not mistaken, it is Ronotello. He is just narrating the story of his life to one of his comrades and during the conversation dis covers to his joy that the person with whom he is conversing is the son of that pawnbroker to whom Ronotello sold his instrument, in order to obtain lhe necessary pecuniary means wherewith to purch ase his uniform. To liis joy he learns that the pawnbroker imme diately recognized the great value of the instrument and at once placed a very high price upon it, and alt ho he had many a high price offered him for it, lie always refused, thinking that some day a per son may come along and offer a better price.,Ronotello happens to mention liis past in connection with this cello. His new acquaint ance implores his father to give him the instrument, and the father, gratifying the wish of his son, does so. About a week later Ronotel lo wit h his new acquaintance are conveyed to an asylum where they are destined to remain the last days of their earthly stay. When tliey arrived there, his friend places a bow into his hand and allows him to grip the cello. Imagine the joy of our blind, legless friend as he draws Hie bow across the strings for the first time and discov ers the instruinent upon which he is playing was once his own. Truly Ronotello and liis friend never had another monotonous hour while they remained on earth. Cl. F. F. *16. GERMAN MILITARISM OR ENGLISH MARITINISM? At the present time, when speaking of the great war, the world has been precipitated into, the question which is most discussed naturally is: Who began the war? Some people, who seem to be wholly ignorant of the true facts, declare, “Germany began the war.

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When asked why they draw tliis conclusion, they answer, **Look at ____ any*s standing army of nearly a million men. Look at their Germ; guns, Zeppelins, and submarines. Who can say Germany was not prepared for this war? Of course, we concede, that Germany has been preparing for war. Why shouldn’t she? Look at her position on the map. Surrounded by many powerful nations she cannot help but prepare for war. Suppose one or several of these nations, as is now the case, should liave found some reason to declare war on Ger many. If she were not prepared, she would have been totally anni hilated. Then some of these omniscient acting people would have said, **Why was Germany not prepared?” There we are. Why was Germany not prepared? Now, seeing that Germany is so success fully waging tliis war against, such overwhelming forces, they assert, she knew that such a war as this was approaching, and prepared ac cordingly. They say “There comes Germany with her immense army and wants to dominate the world. If Germany wins tliis war we will be subjected by militarism.” But these people seem to forget that there is yet another factor with whom we will have to contend. And this factor is our arch enemy, England. Americans are crying about Germany’s militar ism. But what about England’s maritimsm? For a number of years England has been constructing and has acquired a colossal navy. Such an immense navy that she dares to call herself: "Mis tress of the Seas.” As early as the year 1651 did England begin to show her au thority in ruling tlie waves. It was after she had destroyed Spain’s Invincible Armada, that she threw out her chest and drew up the fa mous Navagation Act. In this Act she passed a law that no goods were allowed to be shipped to an English port unless the vessels on which they were transported were owned and manned by Bnglislimen. This Act was directed mainly against Holland, which then was a powerful maritime nation and close rival to Great Britain. The Dutch Government protested against the law and the old disputes became at the same time much more bitter, that in 1652 war was de clared between the two nations. A naval struggle followed in which successive battles were waged, resulting chiefely in favor of the Englisli. From that time on England was the mistress of the seas, and her blows were directed toward smaller and much weaker nations whom she could easily subdue. But England received a sev®re blow in 1774 when she became involved in war with her colo nies in America. The colonies were much, smaller and weaker than the Mother Country, but their fortitude and skill enabled them to gain freedom from despotic England. When in 1812 England in sisted on searching our merchant vessels and taking our sailors, the United States declared war on her. A naval struggle followed in which England again was worsted. This defeat however did not fill England with sliame, but she

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directed her attention elsewhere, and wherever she could she nosed out some smaller country. It was in this manner that she acquired her immense wealth and power. In the civil war she tried her ut most to aid the Confederate States and disrupt the Union but of no avail. Now she is trying her best to exterminate Germany, know ing that Germany is the most powerful nation in Europe. But no one can doubt that she is trying in vain, and that she herself will lose her power to subdue her competitors. Did anyone of these pro-Englisli subjects ever take these facts into consideration ? Of course every one saw Germany’s reason for acquiring such an immense army. But did any one see or want to see why England was construcling such a colossal navy? No. All they saw was the German Militarism; but they saw with closed eyes the English Maritimsm. People who do not know the least bit of German Militarism scorn it, ridicule it, and declare it to be the curse and ruin of a na tion. The American people seem to forget what a good friend of lhe United States Germany has been. Also they seem to forget what the German inunigrants have done for this country. Who was it that helped the United States to gain many a victory on the field of battle? Was it no! the man of German descent? And is not the German-American loyal lo our great country? In the Civil war we find the names of 200,000 people of German birth and 400,000 citi zens of German descent fighting in the Union ranks for the abolish ment of slavery. And did not Germany preserve strict neutrality in that war? In (lie last, war with Mexico the captain of the famous German cruiser Enulen, which was just outside the harbor of Vera Cruz, ordered the Mexicans to give up the Americans, they had im prisoned, with threats of shelling the town. Dare anyone deny that this is true friendship? The Americans liave also forgotten what a base enemy of the United Slates England has been. England has never forgotten the Revolutionary War in wliicli the Colonies cast off the yoke of tyran ny. And wherever she can, she tries to get us into trouble with -onie other nation. Right in this present conflict, seeing she is be ing worsted, she is trying her utmost to draw the United States on her side, saying, “if Germany wins this war, you will be dominated by militarism. Now if you assist us in winning, we will see that you are well rewarded. “Very agreeable sounding offer isn’t it? But tliei’e are still a few men in this country who have a little common ?ense- And thanks to thoir prudence \ve have thus far succeeded m keeping out of this war. Since tlie lies England has been publishing, are being found out, the American people are beginning to realize, whom we have most to fear. Anyone with the least bit power of observation__ can_certamly see that Germany is fighting for the freedom of the seas. And anyone with a little common sense can see that England is fighting

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merely to gain more control of tlie seas than she has had thus far. History tells us only too well how England has acquired what power she liad wlien the war began. Through base, open robbery did she gain what slie has to-day, while Germany gained her possessions through honorable proceedings. But it seems as thougli some people cannot see it in that light. Everything is blamed onto Germany. Germany did this, Germany did that. But when Germany arises from this great struggle crown ed with the laurels of victory, a decided change will liave taken place. Every nation will then have equal rights on the seas and England will no longer dare to dictate to us what we should and should not do. Germany’s Militarism never was nor ever will be a menace to any other nation, but England’s Miu’itimism always was but nevermore will be a menace to freedom loving people. When this war is over we shall see which we had most to fear: Germany’s Militarism or England’s Maritimism. K. F. K. *18. Das Monclitum im frUhen Mittelalter. Irn Altertum kampfte man nicht mit Feder und Zunge gegen Rome, sondern mit Scliwert und Streitaxt; denn es gait, die politische Macht Rom’s zu brechen. Heutigen Tages versucht man, die kircliliche Macht Rom’s zu brechen, und zwar mit Feeler und Zunge. In Zeitscliriften und in Buclievn hebt man hervor, wie gefahrlich die romisch-katholisclie Kirche ist auf staatlichem, wie auf religiosem Gebiete. I-Iauptsiichlich wird das Tun und Treiben der Kloster, bzw. der Monche, bekiimpft. Denn das Monclitum ist es, das mit grosster Energie fiir die katholische Kirche auftritt. Nun ensteht die Prage: Wie ist das Monchtum eine solclie Macht geworden? Was waren eigentlicli die Anfiinge des Monchturns? Und zwar wollen wii. betrachlen erstens den Anlass zum Monclitum; zweitens die Entstehung des Monchtums, und drittens, die Verbreitung des Klosterlebens bis ins neunte Jahrluuidert. Die Wurzeln des Monchturns liegen in der Entwickelung des christlichen Lebensideals. Man wollte im Gegensatz zu den weltlichen, gottlosen und imsittliclien Stromungen der Zeit sittlich vollkommen sein. Deshalb trat das Anachoretenwesen ein, das darin bestand, dass Leute der Welt entflohen unci dadurch die sittliche Vollkommenheit zu erreiclien such ten. So geschah es, dass im Anfange des dritten Jahrhunderts Antonins sich in die Wuste zuriickzog, um dort ein asketisclies Leben zu fuhren. Und diesem Manne miissen wir die Griindung des Anachoretenwesens zuschreiben . Direkt aus dem Anarchoretenwesen geht das Eremitenwesen hervor. Als nun Antonius der Welt entflohen war, liess er sicli in ein Grabmal einschliessen, von Zeit zu Zeit nur Wasser und Brot

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bringen und lebte so in volliger Einsamkeit zwanzig Jahre lang. Er sammelte in den zwanzig Jahren seiner Einsamkeit 306 Schuler, die in anderen Teilen Aegyptens seinem Beispiele folgten. Leute aller Stande sucliten ilm auf, um (lurch sein Gebet geheilt zu werden. Er hatte seinen Aufenthaltsort in Pispir in der Nahe des Nilflusses. Von da aus machte er haufig Reisen, um die Eremitenkolonien seiner Schuler zu besuchen. Kurz vor seinem Tode zog sich Antonius in die tiefste Vcrborgenheit zuriick, wo er im 105ten Lebensjahre start). Es wird uns berichtet, class ein gewisser Ammonius im nitrischen Gebirgsland viele Schiller uni sich sammelte und eine EremitenJcolonie griiiulete, und zwar sollen zu seiner Zeit schon 500 Eremiten in der Gegeiul gehaust liaben. Ihi.en Gottesdienst hielten sic jedon Samstag unci Sonnlag in einer Kii.che an der acht Priester tatig waren. Miissiggang war bci ihnen verboten. Eili jeder musste sich Nalirung und Kleidung erarbeiten. Man arbeitete bis zur neunten Stunde des Tages. Die tibrige Zeit wurde mit Beten und Psalmsingen zugebracht. Ein jeder Eremit war an strangste Disziplin gebunden. Sogar Fremcle, die in clem Fremdenhaus neben der Kirche beherbergt wurden, mussten nacli einwochentlichem Aufenthalt im liackhaus Oder in der Kirche beschaftigt sein. In der Kirche befanden sich drei Pal men. An einer jeden hing eine Geissel. Wenn min ein Eremit ocler ein Premder ein Unrecht begangen hatte, musste er eine der drei Pal men umfassen und erhielt dann je nacli seinem Vergchen eine grossere Oder geringere Zahl Peitschenheibe. Ammonius war der erste Begriinder der Eremitenkolonien. Nacli ihm konnte man lioch eine grosse An zahl anfulirenďź&#x152;- aber es wiirde uns wohl zu we it fuhren, noch liber seine Nachfolger N:ihres zu berichtcn. Man konnte noch kurz sagen, dass gegen Ende des vierten Jalirhunclerts ganz Aegypten mit Eremitenkolonjen iibersaet war. In diesem Einseidlerwesen liaben wir die Anfiinge des Monchswesens, nur mit dem Unterscheide, dass die Eremiten in den verscliiedenen Kolonien noch getrennt wohnten. Der eigentliclie Stifter des Klosterlebens Oder Moncliwesens ist Pachomius. Es ist sein Werk, (lie Gemeinschaft der Kolonien fester organisiert zu liaben, indem er die bonachbarten Eremitenzellen Zwar ist mit einer Mauer umgab und sie streng disziplinierte. Regelung noch primitiv und liickenhaft, aber sie bringt die Prinzipien und Gebriiuche des Klosterlebens deutliclier zum Ausdruck. Sie malint die Monclie zur Arbeit, gibt Regeln fiir die Ordnimg des Gebetslebens, bestimmt liber Traclit, Mahlzeit und Nachtphe und versucht, das Kloster durcli Verbot der Aufnahme von Fremen moglichst von der Welt abzuschliessen. So entstand im Jalire 322 das erste Kloster an einem wiisten Orte in der Thebais, m Tabennisi, und Pacliomius ist der Grunder desselben. Sogar Jungfrauen zogen sich in die Einsamkeit zurucli und fuhrten ein

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strenges Eremitenleben. Infolgedessen grundete Maria, die Schwester des Pachomius, das erste Nonnenkloster in der Thebais, und die Form des Klosterlebens wurde von jetzt an von weiblichen Asketinnen in steigerndem Masse ergriffen. In der Weise verbreitete sich das Monchtum iiber ganz Aegypten. Aber niclit nur dieses Land bildete den Aufentlialt fur Monche, sondern aucli andere Lander des Orients. Von Aegypten aus verbreitete sich das Klosterleben nach der Sinaihalbinsel. Danach wurde Palastina von Monclien besiedelt. Dort fuhrte Hiarion von Gaza, ein Schuler des Antonius, in der ersten Halfte des vierten Jalirhunderts das Eremitenwesen ein. Er hatte eine Anzalil Schuler, die am Jordan in der Niilie von Jericho bei Bethlehem und Jerusalem wirkten. Es entstanden dort auch zahlreiche Kloster, 'vie z. B. das ICloster am Oelberg und ein Nonnen- und Moncliskloster in Bethlehem. Diese Monclie und Nonnen richteten sich vollig nach den Regeln der Kloster in Aegypten. Audi ist Syrien eins der Lander, wo sich das Monchtum am friihesten verbreitete und den grossten Aufschwung eiTeichte.Es liisst sich aber niclit feststellen, ob dieses Land von Aegypten beeinflusst ist. Die Aulianger des Aphraates lebten liocli innerhalb den Gemeinden und verkehrten liilufig mil an dern Gemeindegliedern. Sie wurden nur Einsame genannt, 'veil sie gemiiss ilires Geliibdes elielos lebten. Er Eugen war der Begrunder des Monclitums in Persien. stammte aus Aegypten. Dort hatte er langere Zeit im Kloster des Pacliomius gelebt, und an der Spitze von siebzig Monclien soil er am Berge Izla ein Hohlenkloster gegrundet liaben. Es wird erzahlt, dass die Nachfolger Eugen’s in den Gegended nalie bei Nisibis umlierscliweiften und nur von Gras lebten. Eremitenkolonien bliihten auch in Ostsizilien und in der Nilhe Antiocliias empor. Infolge der zahlreichen Eremiten erliielt die Wiiste Clialcis den Namen der syrischen Thebais. In Nordsyrien verbreitete sich das sogenannte Stylitentimi. Der e】，ste Vertreter dieser sonderbaren Kasteiung war Syineon. Das Stylitentum verbreitete sich sogar in andern Landern des Orients und hatte vereinzelte Nachfolger bis ins Jahrhundert. Am deutlichsten liisst sich diese Kasteiung an v11?60.11 eykennen, der erst auf eier sechs, dann achtzelin und endlic$ vierzig Ellen liohen Siiule lebte, bis er dort nacli 36-iiilirigem Aufenthalte starb. 竹 Kleinasien blieb auch niclit von dem Monchtum unbeeinflusst. besonders verbreitete es sich in Annenien und fand seinen Begriinf ,r 111 Biscliof Eusthatius von Sebaste. Er und seine Nachdass Verheiratete die Seligkeit niclit erlangen trat Reiclle ihreii Besitz aufgeben sollten. Deshalb ein ^rn10de Gangra fiir keusclie Ehe und den Besitz GebetRiPhpn stl:ebten die Euslathianer nach ununterbrochenem ,verachteten die Sakramente und fuhrten das Bettel-

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wesen ein. Sie wurden aber unterdruckt und mussten zeitweilig verschwinden. Dann verbreitete sicli das Monchtum, auch in Kappadozien unter Basilius dem Grossen und Gregor von Nazianz. Basilius ist berulimt wegen seiner kiirzeren Monclisregel in Katechismusform. Wesentlicli ist seine Regel nicht von dei. des Antonius verschieden. Dort aber erlangte das Klosterwcsen keinen grossen Einfluss auf die Kirche. U. a. forderte Basilius, dass der Monch seine Slinden iilteren Klosterbrudern Oder dem Vorsteher beichten solle. Ferner l'iihrte er noch folgende Regel ein: Jeder ins Kloster Eintretende sollte sein Eigen turn aufgoben und niclits mit ins KlosÂ ter bringen, und eine Probezeit bestelien. Kinder diirfen zur Erziehung aufgenommen werden, konnen aber spiiter das Kloster wieder verlassen. An der Spitze des Klosters steht ein Aeltester, in (lessen Hand unbedingte Gewalt liegt. Auch ordnete Basilius sechs Gebetstunden an: Morgengebet, Terz, Sext, Non, Vesper und Mesonyktion. Die Mahlzeit musste massig sein und durfte nicht dem Wohlgesclmiack dionen. Enillich war der Weingenuss eine Uebertretung des Gesotzes, und die Monclie mussten eine bestimmte Kleidung tragen. Ueber das ill teste Monchtum in Griechenland wird uns wenig bericlitet. Efnigc Frauen Olympias, Candida und Gelasia, sollen da gewirkt haben. Hieronymus bericlitet uns, dass Hilarion das Monchtum nach Cypern gebracht hat, und dass es dort von Epiphanius verbreitet sei. Wir sehen also, class das Klosterwesen sich von Aegypten aus schnell verbreitete und in kurzer Zeit in alien Lanclern des Orients empor kam. Es war freilich liocli vom iigyptischen Monchwesen beeinflusst, war aber auch in mehreren Gegenden in etwas veriinderter Form hervorgetreten. So wuchs nun im Orient das Monchtum weiter, und im fiinften und seclisten Jahrliundert wurde Palaestina das klassisclie Land desselben, da liier durch die zunehmenden Wallfahrten ein grosser Auf sellwung des christliclien Lebens hervorgerufen wurde. Dort entstand auch die Organisation des Moncliturns, indem die Kloster und Eremitengesellscliaften sicli verbanden. Anachoreten wie auch Monche standen je unter einem Vorstelier. Im Jahre 536 begann der Origenistische Streit und versetzte die Kloster in grosste Aufregung, bis auf dem fiinften okumenischen Konzil zu Konstantinopel Origenes als Ketzer gebannt wurde. Als Palastina im siebenten Jahrhundert von den Arabern erobert wurde, kam es in die Hande der Muhammedaner. Seit der Zeit bestand dort das Monchtum zwar noch, aber die Verbindung mit andern Landern des Orients war unterbrochen. Als nun Palastina und Aegypten nicht melir die Hauptzentern des Klosterwesens waren, erhob sich Konstantinopel als solcher. Dort hat der Abt Alexander das Monchwesen heimisch gemacht. Man pflegte liauptsjichlich das Gebet, indem drei Chore abwecliselnd bei Tag und Nacht Gott Loblieder sangen. Der heilige

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Studion reformierte das byzantinische Monchtum durch Erneuerung der Basilianisclien Regel. Die Monclie beschaftigten sich mit Grammatik, Philosopliie und Dogmatik neben den hauslichen und landwirtschaftliclien Tatigkeiten, so dass die Kloster Pflegestatte der ortliodoxen Theologie wurden. Seit der Mitte des neunten Jalirhunderts verbreitete sich das Eremitenwesen auch auf dem i i' Atlios, und 963 wurde dort das erste Kloster gegriindet. Die Monche meinten, dass sie wie die Apostel .Macht besassen, Wunder zu tun ‘ !und in die Zukunft zu scliauen. i Im Gegensatz zum Orient ist das Monchtum im Occident nicht autochton, d. h.bodenstandig, sondern vom Orient importiert. Es ;i liatteu die Romer schon durch Athanasius von dem Eremiten Antoi! nius und den Klostern des Athanasius gehort, aber eigentlicli ist der Bischof Petrus von Alexandria derjenige, der den Zug nach Rom aus dem Orient liervorgerufen hat. Etwa um 370 wurden im Occi dent die ersten Kloster gegrtindet und nur allmahlich verbreitete sich das asketisclie Leben und das Klosterwesen. Hieronymus vei’weilte 382-385 in Rom. Es gelang ihm aber nicht, die Iiauptvertreter des asketisclien Lebens fiir strengere Askese zu gewinnen. r, Als aber Blasilla, eine Romerin, durch iibertriebene Askese den Tod fand, neigte man sicli melir dieser Stromung zu. In den romischen Nonnenklostern erwarb man sich den Leben sunterhalt hauptsachlich durch Spinnen und Weben von Gewandern. In Oberitalien beforderte Bischof Ambrosius von Mailand das lOosterleben. Er grundete dort ein Kloster nach der orientalischen Weise. Past ebenso grosse Bedeutung hat Eusebius von Vercellae, der ein monchliches Zusammenleben der Kleriker, das sogenannte kanonische Leben, begrundete. In Unteritalien ist der Biscliof von Nola Porderer des Monchwesens gewesen. In Kampanien und Sizilien griindeten Melania und ihr Gemahl Pinianus zalilreiche Nonnen- und Monchskloster. Aucli nach Gallien wurde das Monchtum sclion bald nach 360 verpflanzt. Man grundete mehrere Klos 丨 ter, z. B. Licuge bei Poitiers und Marmoutiers bei Tours. Gerade in Gallien war man dieser Stromung selir zugeneigt, und man wollte das agyptische Monchtum ubertreffen. Von Gallien aus verbreitete sich das Monchtum nach England und Irland im funften Jahrhundert, und durch die irischen Kloster wurde Schottland christianisiert. Sclion sehr frulie kam das Monchtum in Deutschland empor, und man nimmt an, dass Athana sius wahrend seines Exils in Trier dazu Anlass gegeben hat. Wir wissen wenig Sicheres liber das Monchwesen in Spanien. Augustin trat in Nordafrika fur das Monchtum ein, aber anfangs stiess er auf Widerstand. Sein Werk war besonders, dass er den Klerus fiir das Monchtum gewann. Wenn wir das inn ere Klosterleben der vorbenediktinisclien Periode betrachten, so fiiiden wir, dass in der abendlandisclien Klosterdisziplin Abweichungen eintreten. Dies ist wolil darauf zuriickzu-

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fuliren, dass sicli nocli alles im Fluss befand. Die Regelung der Monchstracht passte sicli dem Klima an. Hier wirkte besonders Cassian. Aber auf clem Gebiet der IClosterregelung tat er sich niclit so hervor wie St. Benedikt. Der fulirte die stabilitas loci ein. Auch durfte der ins Kloster Eintretende demselben nicht sein Gold vermaclien, damit der Austretende sein Vermogen niclit zuriickfordem konnte und so die Klostergemeinde in Veiiegenheit brachte. Die Regel Benedikts verbreitete sich langsam und zeichnete sich beson Unter dem Beistand der ders durch Originalitiit und Milde aus. Papste gelang es seiner Regel, im siebcnten und achten Jahrhun(lort als allgemeine KlosLerregel durclizudringen. So sehen wir, dass sicli das Monchswesen mit grosser Schnelligkeit ausbreitete. Aber trotzdem es so viele Anhanger fand und in kurzer Zeil sich beinahe in jedcm Lande des Orients und der Occi dents verbreitet hat, sind wii. genoligt zu sagen, dass das Streben der Monche der Bibel widerspriclu. In den Klostern versucht man, sich durch AbLotung der Sinnlichkeit und (lurch Schadigung des eigenen Leibes den Iliinmel zu verdienen. Jedoch wissen wir, dass wir nur durcli das Verdienst Chrisli selig werden, und dass unsere Dazu dlirfen die Monche wie auch die Werke niclits dazu tun. Ein solches Verbot ist in der Bischofe sicli nicht verheiraten. Schrift niclit begriindct. Sagt sie (loch z. B.: Ein Bischof sol? unstraflich sein, eines “Weibes Maim.” Und wir sehen uns verpflichtet, als gute Christen, diesem falsclien Monchswesen gegeniiber ein schriftgemiisses evruigelisches Christen turn zu lehren, dass man nicht aus der Welt ins Kloster flielien solle, sondern tapfer, ein jeder in seinem Stand und Beruf, in Busse unci Glauben auf Gottes Wegen wandeln sollen. Dadurch dient man dem Herrn Christo W. S.，16. und seinen Mitmenschen. Happiness depends, as nature shows, Less on exterior things than most suppose.—Couper. Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire,—conscience. —Washington. 费

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Some must be great. Great officers will have Great talents. And God gives to every man The virtue, temper, understanding, taste, That lifts him into life, and lets him fall Just in the niche lie was ordained to fill.—Cowper. An idler is a watch that wants both hands, As useless if it goes as if it stands.—Cowper.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwo*tcrn Collcffo,

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ADELBBRT F. WESTENDORF M6

BUSINESS MANAGERS

'! I

BUSINESS MANAGER ADVERTISING MANAGER

PAUL G. EICKMANN WALTER W. SPRBNGELER *16

DEPARTMENT EDITORS EXCHANGES ATHLETICS DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCALS CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

HENRY J. BRANI RANDT fl6 .. HBLMUTH W. SC HAEFER，口 GERTRUDE M. S(CHLUETERM6 ELM ER C. ESSL1NG M7 .

AYE M8 . . OTTO J C. GUSTAV AV J. SCHLEGEL ,t7 Contrlbu Uons to t!ie Literary Dcpanmcnt are requested from Alumni and unrfergraduate*. All literary nukttcra.fiould be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief and all business communications to the Buaincsj Manager, The terms o! subscriptions arc l Dollar per annum, payable fn advance. Single copica. I 5 cent*Stamoa not acccoted &a oavmant. Notify uaill -vou wiah your add reca chan^xd or vour paocr discontinuedAdvertUing rate* furnished upon application. TUB lack ud Red is forwarded to all subscribers until order lot Its dlicoatlnuanc* is received or the mib •criber iamore than one year in arrears^ Entered at the Postoffice ol Watertown, Wi^9as accond-clasa matter.

NEUTRALITY. Neutrality is defined thus: The condition of being uninvolved in contests or controversies of others. It means that a slate refrain from armed interference in the strife of two other nations. It does not connote that the sympathies of a nation dare not favor one or the other, but simply that that nation dare not, directly or indirectly, assist either of the belligerents. When the United States declared this neutrality they pledged themselves not to interfere or assist either side in the war. Still it seems as though the people largely understand neutral ity otherwise. They seem to think that neutrality implies impar tiality of sympathy as well as of action. They seem to consider it a breach of neutrality to condemn the action of one side and to con done the action of the other. Whether a man lias in any way assist ed one of the contending nations or not does not matter, but simply tlie fact that his sympathy leans toward one side, condemns him in the eyes of liis fellow-citizens as one who does not observe his prom ise of neutrality. Especially has it become favorite among our peo ple to proclaim any sympathy, especially such as favors the Ger mans, as unamerican. Neutrality does not mean indifference. It does not mean that each man should forego the privilege to form an opinion nor his sympathies with either nation. He may in spite of his neutrality,

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laud the bravery and genius of one, as well as he may diride them. He may approve of the action of one and still be neutral. The pop ular definition that neutrality implies indifference is wrong. Each man has the right and should have his own opinion ana sympathies whether in a neutral state or not, but whether to act accordingly is a matter of discretion. INDIFFERENCE. Indifference is the foe of progress. It is the foe of progress in religion; it is the foe of progres in learning; it is the foe of each in dividual success. The indifference of the individual is a foe to his success; the indifference of a nation must hinder its rise and impair its prestige. It is indifference that fosters such habits as are injurious to the body of man. Only that person to whom the welfare of his body and soul is of no great importance, can permit himself to be dragged into such vices and reniaJn their victim even after the derogatory effects become manifest. It is indifference that deminishes the importance of opportunity and presents it as not worth the trouble of grasping. Indifference persuades the man that the welfare of his soul, if not unnecessary, is at the most not very important. Indifference breeds bad habits, makes the eye blind to benefits and opportunities; it pre cludes preparation. Still we find that indifference towards one’s self is not as fre quent as imliffercnce toward a neighbor. Observe how often the hand of the poor is stretched forth in vain! Notice how seldom the weak is assisted or the outraged protected! Coldly indifferent, the average man can pass by liis destitute neighbor without semblance of sympathy nor any emotion of pity. He has his own business to at tend to and cannot see to another man. He tries to justify his in difference before men by showing them how fully incapable he is of attending to his own business and to that of an indigent brother. Indifference can be met successfully by an active and live inter est in all things. It must be opposed and strenuously, or progress must be severely hindered.

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He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper.-^-Burke. An hour may lay it in dust.—Byron * * * * Error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.—Jefferson.

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It again becomes our sad duty to chronicle tlie sudden death of one of our fellow-students, Walter Kionka, who passed away on tlie evening of Friday, October 7. Walter Kionka was born on the 25th of March, 1898, in Owosso, Michigan. About eleven years ago ho moved to Maribel with liis parents, where his father accepted the charge of a congregation, and has lived there ever since, Three years ago he entered our college with the intentions of preparing himself for the ministry. But God had decreed for him a better heritage. On the 25th of September he was suddenly prostrated by an attack of what at first seemed to be ptoniaic, hut turned out to be typhoid fever. His life liung on a thread for six days and during this time he was conscious for only a few hours. Soon spinal men ingitis set in so that death came as a deliverance. On the morning of Saturday, October 2, after short funeral services in the chapel, the entire student body followed the corpse to the depot, whence it was sent to his home in Maribel. Thus lias he departed from us, and we shall never look upon liis face agoin upon this bank and shoal of time. He is happy in eternal life, whereas we are subject to care, toil and disappointment here below. He rejoices, while we grieve at his parting. And yet the ultimate purpose of our creation is always the same. Both he w? 'yere created to praise and glorify God. God has chosen him to do it in heaven; for us it remains to do it on earth. It is, however: fitting and well that we grieve, for in moments of affliction our wanton thoughts are again focused on the really significant factors of life. We realize how transient and (and) uncertain our life is. Let us therefore strive to do our duty at all times. Let us profit thru this tribulation by learning to be prepared constantly, so that

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may joyfully respond when we are called and participate in the joys of the blessed by the side of our deceased fellow-student. we

The following men were elected for the positions of captain, manager, and assistant manager of the next year’s baseball team: I-I. Brandt, C. Fuelling, and Waldemar RetzlalT respectively. Concerning the progress of the musical organizations, little is to be said at present, as regular practice has not begun yet. The re spective presidents are canvassing the students for recruits and thus far the number of applicants has been very satisfactory. Prof. I-I. Duetzmann, who is again to be our director this year, will not be en gaged until after the football season. With such a large and able amount of now material on hand, wc may easily aspire to achieve the proficiency of former years. ALUMNI NOTES. —Prof. Sprengling, ’94, is now a member of the faculty of the Un. versity of Chicago, where he is teacher of Arabic. He reports the birth of a son, Gerhardt, on August 5th. —P. Iloppe, Ex-15, announces the arrival of a baby girl, July 23rd, 1915. Rumor has it that she resembles her “pa-pah.” —Rev. Arthur Berg, ’ll, was united in marriage to Miss Esther Ilenschel al Ilustisford, Wis., on June 30,1915. —The same illustrious village also witnessed the union between Rev. William Eggert, ’09，with Miss Paula Kirchuer, daughter of Rev. Kirchuer. A number of N. W. C. students, who were engaged at the canning factory of the aforementioned illustrious town were there and thoroughly attended the “eats.” 一Mr. Franklin Blumenfeldt, ex-16 has entered tne junior class of the College of Commerce at Wisconsin University. 一Miss Louise Stallmann, ex-*14, also of Beloit College, enrolled 5 as a student, of the Let ters and Science Course at the U. of W. —Albert Mantliey,，15, has hied himself to New Ulm, according _ to reports. —Mr. Hans I-Ioyer, ex-’17, has entered the College of Medicine at Marquette University. Aus Dem Seminar. Otto Henkel, ein Schuler der Milwaukee State Normal School, besuchte am 18. Sept., Freunde auf dem Seminar. Past. H. Pankow machte am 15. Sept, einen kleinen Abstecher

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nach. Wauwatosa. Er hat einen Beruf an die Gemeinde bei Avoca, Mich., angenommen. Die Herren II. Brandt und Paul Bickmann vom Northwestern College , besucliten uns am 18. und 19. Sept. I-Ierr Prof. W. F. Notz, Sr” stattete dem Seminar am 24. Sept, einen kurzen Besuch ab. Herr F. O. Marohn kehrte am 23. Sept, von Red Granite, Wis” zuriick, wo er uber Sommer vikariert hat. Am 29. Sept, beehrteuns Past. P. Eggert von Abrams, Wis” mit einem Besuch. Past. Reim und Frau von Kenosha waren am 25. Sept, bei I-Ieri’n Dir. Schaller zu Besuch. Past. Grunewald von Franksville sprach vor am 30. Sept. Past. John Mascli traL am 6. Okt. mit Frl. Sophie Schoenberg in den lieiligen Eliestand. Er wird einem Beruf nach Rapid Rivers, Mich., folgen. Am 1, Okt. fand das erste wochentliche Examen statt und zwar in der Kircliengeschichte. Herr W. F. Beitz, ein Student auf dem englisch lutlierisclien Seminars in Maywood, 111., bcsuchte am 6. Okt. fruhere Klassengenossen hier. Past. Wm. Lutz von Mauston und Past. Walter Molzkus, Stadtmissionar in Milwaukee, wohnten am 7. Okt. mehrercn Vorlesungen bei. ' Der diesjahrige “Gemiitliche Abend” findet am 15. Okt. statt. Past. F. Loeper von Wilton und Past. E. Quandt, statteten dem Seminar am 6. Okt. einen kurzen Besuch ab. H. C. N.

The greatest of faults, I should say, is to be conscious of none.— — Carlyle. The best of Prophets of the future is the past.—Byron. * * ' Liberty exists in proportion to wholesome restraint.—Webster. * * * # Whatever makes men good Christians, makes them good citi zens.—Webster. 徘

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In man’s most dark extremity Oft succour dawns from Heaven.—Scott. # # # * A thousand years scarce serve to form a state; Oh, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practice to deceive!一Scott.

frhc majorily of oxflinngos with v/hicii we made our acquaint ance last yenr, made (licir j»i>I'enranco again this year. Several new ones have also appeared, hilt wlictlxcr acquainted or no, we greet you all, and may your criticisms and comments aid us in reaching that stage of perfection where we can also do our part in raising the slaiuhircl of college journalisni to the highest level. The editorial (icparlnioiUH of most magazines this month are characterized by Uic podagocical rules and entreaties witli which the various writers inteml to Instill admiration and awe into the new studcii«s, lo force (lie dolinquent (o rellecfc on past years and try to do better in the future, and to encourage the assiduous students to continue upon (heir path. Wlioihcr (liesc customary entreaties are bringing (lie desired results, we shall let those decide who are di rect ly concerned. We do not v/ish to discourage such editorials, but wc doubt their value, because every young man or woman enters an iustiUKion of higher lc*}ruing oi；her v:ith the intention of doing lliclr utmost in lay.hig ?. firm foundation for fuf.ure life, and then they need no such n/Jinoiiis]inients, or they enter v/ith the intention of en joyin g theliisol ves, and \ hen theso repremands are too feeble to pro duce iu\y result. The literary departments are most complete. Several exchan ges present, a more rounded litorary column in tlieir September is sue, than they did in the June number. The “Trinitonian” (WaxaUachie, Texas.) can be classed among the latter. Never before as exchange ebitor have we seen {.his magazine present such a com plete literary column. In “A Message of Autumn,” a poem in iam bic meter, the author personifies Autumn, Autumn as she comes upon an idler who is sitting by a rivielet passing away his time in idleness. Upon seeing him, slie reproaches him bitterly and apks him to take up the scythe and help reap the harvest that is awaiting

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him, thougli it is not the fruits of his toil. This poem allegorically describes the student. After vacation his conscience also calls him back to the fields of mental labor to reap and preserve the fruits that the untiring efforts of past generations have given him. An acute conscience is the secret of a student’s success. This is the keynote to “The Prairie Call.” Because Kenner refused as sistance offered him in an examination, he could go back to his old home on the prairie to which he was not to return until he had "made good.” The rhetoric of the story is beyond criticism, but there seems to be a slight inconsistency in the logic of the author. That Kenner refused to make use of illegitimate means in the ex amination is not a sufficient reason to permit him to return home, thinking that lie had “made good” and fulfilled the conditions under which he was to return, viz: “Big things should come from such vastness (the prairie)—and if I don’t make good, I’ll never look you in the face again.” Your editorial column is in harmony with the other columns, but editorials with less local interest would be more agreeable to exchange editors. The athletic column is as complete as can be ex pected in a September issue. A column well worth its space in a college publication is the joke column. This addition to your paper would cause your maga zine to be enjoyed by those who seek a moment’s recreation in read ing the wit and humor of the day. Your merchants arc to be prais ed for their liberal assistance in the financial support of your paper, ing the department. It were well if every student would read this and become acquainted with the work that confronts a literary edi tor. This is a department that should be of direct interest to all students. For in no other way can you boost your college paper bet ter than by contributing your own literary productions. “Das Tagebuch einer Abenteurerin” treats of a voyage from Dubuque, la., to Switzerland. Unlike many dairies, it is full of in terest and spiced with humor. Though too brief to be very instruc tive, we are certain that your “Fortsetzung” will be read with inter est. In “Glimpses of the West” the author cleverly offsets the barreness of the deserts by a vivid description of the beautiful moun tain scenery. Tlie description is clothed in a presentable literary language. Your editorial column is quite complete, but we do not approve of the use of heavy type in the emphasis of a word. Attribute some reading ability to the reader. Your “I-Iumor” is scant. The athletic column is well written. The exchange column is not up to the standard. A mere mention of the exchanges is a waste of space. A more thorough comment would be appreciated. The captions heading the various departments well characterize the contents. The cover design is fitting for a September issue. We appreciate your visits. Call again.

rKOimUTION IN SOUTH CAItOLIiVA. The liquor queslion was definitely settled in South Carolina rcceutly by a vote of two ;incl onc-hnlf to one in favor of prohibition. This new law, under which llie sale of alcoholic beverages in the state will be illegal after January 1, 1916, marks the termination of the dispensary system established by Governor Ben. Tillmann in 1913. Under (his system the State tried to control the sale of liquor by abolishing iho saloons and substituting so-called "dispensaries. Thc Stale bought alcoholic beverages at wholesale and sold them under various restrictions. The dispensaries were closed at sunset and had m) bars, selling only bottled liquors, which had to be taken home and were not allowed to be opened on the premises. The resultant, profits were divided between the state school fund, the county and the municipality. The “Great Moral Institution” soon proved to be more harmful than the saloons had been; it har bored more graft and corrupt mismanagement. In 1906 it was abolished and each county was permitted to choose between prohibition and a county dispensary, which proved infinitely less evil. They were, however, only adopted by twentyfour of the forty-four counties, c.nd in the next year only by fifteen. And now they were abolished altogether. The only large city that was not in favor of prohibition was Charleston, with a vote of ten to one against it, which gave rise to the fear that the administration of the city may neglect or refuse to enforce the law there. That re mains to be seen. South Carolina is the nineteenth state to go “dry,” the only ones that are not in the whole South, east of the Mississippi river are Louisiana and Florida.

THE ALLIES5 WAR LOAN. It is not enough that America supplies the Allies with almost all of their weapons and ammunition, England now demands that

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we also lend them the money with which to pay for these supplies.

I! i fl

An Anglo-French commission headed by Baron Peading, Lord Chief Justice of England, arrived in New York last month and for several weeks were in daily conference with leading American financiers. They propose an American war-loan to the British and French Governments, whose plan, as outlined by the New York Journal of Commerce, is as follows: 1. It is to be a straight Government loan. 2. It will be the joint obligation of Great Britain and France. 3. The amount will probably be $1,000,000,000. 4. The bonds will have maturities of between tliree to ten years. 5. The interest-rate will probably be 5 per cent. 6. Interest and principle will be payable in dollars in New York. 7. The Government bonds will be exempt from the British income tax. 8. Proceeds of the bond issue will be used for paying for mer chandise bought here for export, and none of the money is to go out of the United States. 9. Bonds will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 10. A great syndicate of banks and bankers from all parts of the country is to be formed to underwrite the issue. The object of tlie commission is to facilitate, by the establish ment of a commercial credit, the purchase of American wheat, cotton, meat and other commodities the tra—c in which is seriously menaced by the present unstable condition of foreign exchange. In other years the commercial relations between the two countries was more or less in a state of equilibrium, England’s credit in shares was about equal to the amount which she owed for cotton, wheat and other exports. This great tra__cm arms disturbed it, however, and made England very much our debtor. She tried to relieve the situation by sending several lots of gold. But that is all she can do, indeed, she is at the verge of bankruptcy and in order to get the nec essary ammunition and other supplies urges this loan, the ruin of the American people. But why should Mr. J. P. Morgan, J. J. Hill and other Ameri can financiers be so eager to float this loan ? They are of the opin ion that its failure would be a severe blow to American prosperity and its accomplishment in tlie interest of American commerce and labor and declares emphatically that tlie prosperity of the American farmer depends upon such a loan. They were the Money Trust mu nition makers that had sold ammunition to the Allies. But how were they to be paid? England could not pay them; neither could France or Russia. Then the Money Trust Bankers decided that they must obey the British Chancellor’s instructions; that they would sav兮 themselves by making the American people pay them

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for the bayonets and shrapnel they had sold to the Allies. “And that is the way they are trying their best to enlist the people’s favor in the project.” Some of them are trying to make it more acceptable by refer ring to the money signed to the German war-loan (almost $10,000, 000). But is there is no difference between the two? Did Germany send an o__cial commission to confer with America’s business world and accompany her demand with threats? Is her loan also without securities? While if England goes bankrupt, the American people will be the losers. There are some leading men that are trying to warn the peo ple against such a loan. The people can only get their money if the Allies win. They cannot lend a billion to the Allies without becom ing personally interested in the triumph of the Allied cause, a cred itor^ interest. A movement is passing the country over that citi zens of German, Scandinavian and Irish birth are withdrawing their bank deposits in gold in order to defeat the purpose of the Morgan bankers. Every loyal American ought to assist this movement and protest against such a loan. Slave to no sect, who takes no private road, But look though nature up to nature’s God. ’T is ail old maxim of the schools, That flattery's the food of fools; Yet now and then your men of wit Will condescend to take a bit.

—Pope.

—Swift. :

Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow; He who would search for pearls must dive below. —Dryden. Weariness Can snore upon a flint, when restive Sloth Finds the down pillow hard. Shakespeare.

I' -

Afflictions sons are brothers in distress, A brother to relieve, how exquisite the bliss! —Burns.

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Virtue alone out builds the Pyramids Her monuments shall last, when Egypt’s fall. —Young. .

—“Doc” Iioyer, ex-*17, called on classmates and friends on Oct. 9-10. He is now taking the medical course at Marquette Univer sity of Milwaukee. —Leonard Koeninger and A. Sitz, both of the class of ’14, were callers in town on Oct. 3. —The sun again looked favorably down upon one of tlieir slaves, tlie erudite personage of a Sophomore, commonly yclept Raymond Timmel, by dropping down upon his sagacious dome a crown in the form of a tliree-for-a-dollar-fire-sale derby. He now struts arro gantly through the fields and pastures, proud of the unusual distinc tion—and a distinction it is indeed. To be permitted to don a “coif” of the kind one must be the happy possessor of at least a quarter shilling’s worth of brains, an amount which none of our mortals have, with tlie exception of our precocious darling Fresliies. —Hans Wappler，’19, left for home on Sunday, Oct. 10. —Leon C. Drowatzky, ’15, was a welcomed visitor at School Oct. 8-9. He is now pursuing studies at the University of Wisconsin. —Leonard Bernthal made liis debut into society on Sunday, . Oct. 3, when he was the guest of honor at a small children’s party. 一Alfred J. Scliweppe, last year’s editor-in-cliief of this publica tion, has taken up English at the U. of W. with the Senior class. Mr. Leon C. Drowatzky also is a member of that class. -—Because of their unusual ability in the art of making violent noises with the vocal organs, Ray Timmel and Ben James Westendorf，，18, were elected official bawlers of the student coalition for the season 1915-16. ―-Gerald Q. Hoenecke, after great deliberation, came to the concl.u，,ion that the upholstering of his chair was fast becoming "decre pit/* To remedy this evil he presented himself at a tonsorial parlor ?nd had his grass-like capillary outgrowth removed from his cranmm，and later, after having minutely searched the entire floor for parings and gathered as mucli as possible, appeared at an uphol stering establishment to have liis chair “rejuvenated” with liis

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home-grown alfalfa. He now rests on his laurels. 一The Professors Henkel and Kowalke journeyed to Maribel to attend the obsequies of our beloved fellow-student, Walter Kionka. Gerhard Press and Max Stern also attended as representatives of the Preparatory Class. —Elmer C. Kiessling, ’17, journeyed to Milwaukee on Oct. 5. On the occasion he aUended (he concert given by the Boston Symphony Orchestra at that place. —Carl G. Schmidt and “Sock” Kraus were shipped to Beloit on Oct. 3 with our championship foot-ball eleven. It is said that they with the aid of three or four subs of first team outclassed even Be loit's three or four hundred in yelling. —The Vesuvius Club held its first meeting of the year on Satur day, Oct. 9. Speeches wore made by various o__cers and a short program was rendered by Llie more musical members of the club. — Ray Tinimler, 'IS, was an unwelcomed visitor in his home burgh, Oconomowoc village, on Sunday, Oct. 10. 一For about two weeks there lias been a hideous noise in the air, a constant bellowing interspersed with low grunting. After much search the detective force of the student body found that the noise came alternately from two sources. One source was, an unmusical specimen of the genus Bos roaming over our pastures and the other Zei with his new Bass Tuba. The sounds issuing forth from these sources are so much alike that you can never tell if it is the afore said animal practicing up new football yells or Zei playing funeral tangoes on his grossmutter, as he calls it. —Helmuth “Conn” Schaefer is again disturbing the peaceful, in nocent quietude of his room-mates hourly, with his newly gotten banjoe, which he did NOT get from Conn’s, but, as he says, inherited from an old negro teacher of liis, who also taught him those heart rending, hair-raising cadenzas on liis beloved too Ling-machine, his cornet. We hope that either I-Ielniuth will succeed or fail. 一Oscar P. Kluck, ’19, received a visit from liis parents on Oct. 8. —In various hotly contested games the N. W. C. reserves defeated tlie local High by a margin of at least GO points. —On Oct. 9, the N. W. C. sixth team downed the W. H. S. seconds with a score of 12-0. 一Various Prep, rooter mettings have been held this month. The Preps, are the representative rooters hired by our loyal, altnougn lazy, Collegiates. Let’s hope that there will some day be a uo egiate Rooters’ meeting. —Mr. Scharnberg, Ac. ’15, was a visitor in town during the week of Oct. 3-10.

ATHLETICS FOOTBALL. Beloit College, 0; N. W. C., 0. October 2nd marked the beginning of the football season at N. W. C. The team journeyed down to Beloit and held its opponents to a 0 to 0 score. In the first half line playing was mainly tried and kicks were only made on the last down. Both teams tried some fake open plays in the third quarter and since none of them netted any gains punting was resorted to. Beloit, however, worked a few passes. The last quarter consisted mostly of punting, but during the middle of this period N. W. C. opened up a little bit and worked four forward passes in a run. To make a last effort to score Beloit tried a drop kick from the vicinity of the 40 yd. line just before the last whistle blew. At no time were any of the goals in imminent danger. Beloit happened to get as far as our 10 yd. line in the first quarter, but our boys braced up after this scare and kept Beloit out of striking distance of the goal. Here and there a Beloit man suc ceeded in making a few yards and might have scored once when one of their backs ran through our first and second defence, was missed by tlie safety, and was finally downed by Zank, who came up from behind, preventing a sure touchdown. We also had a few chances to score: Once on an intercepted pass and at another time on a fumble. At both times our man had an open field. Fate, however, was not with us then. Our backline star was Westendorf who re peatedly smashed through the lines for gains from 5 yds. to 20 yds., at one time even 30 yds. Zank also played an excellent game. Be loit’s best ground gainer was Johnson, their line, however, was pret ty slow. The most brilliant playing in our line was done by Zeisler

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and Binhammer. The work of the others was very good and they all deserve at least honorable mention. The lineups: N. W. C., 0. Pos. BELOIT, 0. ________Froehlke _R. B. Vance_______ ___ Gruendemann R. T._ Todd-----------_____ Binhammer ■R. G._ B. Aldridge ___________ Vohs C. Sellars______ __________Zeisler 丄G. Cowan_______ __________ Kuske -L. T._ Shephard ____ _________ Brandt L. E.. Rogan ______ ___________ Duxe Capt. Dieckoff Q. ________Henning R. H. B.. Henry_______ Capt. Westendorf Steussey____ —F. B.__ ___________ Zank _L. II. B. Johnson _____ Substitutes: Beloit, Dougherty for Johnson. Owing to the absence of the football manager the dates of games were not published in the last number. The remaining games scheduled are as follows: Oct. 16, Whitewater Normals at Watertown. Oct. 23, Milwaukee Normals at Watertown. Oct. 30, Carroll College at Watertown. Nov. 6, Ripon College at Ripon.

Good nature and good sense must over join; To err is human, to forgive, divine. — Pope. They whom truth and wisdom lead, Can gather honey from a weed. — Cowper. Loveliness Needs not the foreign aid of ornament, But is, when unadorned, adorned the most. Thomson. We should be generous with a man as we are with a picture, which we always give the benefit of the best possible light.—Emerson.

Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in advanced age; if we do not plant it when young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.一Chesterfield.

—Hoo, it’s cold! —Have your skates sharpened early! ―What do you think of our football team now? They went on a scrimmage, The boys from Beloit; Our team went to play them, And they were adroit. They worked good and hard, With that old pep and steam Beloit barely held it, Our Northwestern team. —Schneips translating: Socrates venenum laetushausit. Sokrates trank gem Wein. ^ * # —At a small station. Traveler: Isn’t this train pretty late?” Station-Master: “Yes, she is a bit behind, mister, but we are expecting her every hour now.” * * 一A thrifty farmer approached the stamp-window at the village postoffice. ' “Heve ye got any postage cards?” *Yes.，， •'How much be they?” “One cent a piece.” “Card and stamp botli?” “Yes.” “Never sell ’em six for five cents?”

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“Post cards are always a cent a piece straight.” Well, then I’ll take one.” 一Graf v. A.: “Sie liaben ja gar keinen Takt in ihrer Kapelle, Herr Schulmeister.” Schulmeister: “Ja, selien sie, Herr Graf, die Kapelle besteht seit Ausbruch des Krieges aus lauter Angestellten der Eisenbalm, da sind halt soldie die rait dem Schnellzug fahren, and solche, die mit dem Bummelzug reisen.” «

钧

—First student: “What do you think about, the Kaiser?” Second studen4,Thc one that got court martial?” The lesson ol' the juvenile class in geography was about zones, and the teacher asked: In what zone do you live, George In the parcel-post zone,M was the prompt reply. Please, sir, give me a dime, I haven’t tasted food ―Beggar: for a month. 丨You’re not missing much, it has just the same Mr. Grouch: old taste. Prof, zum Student en, der Homer skandiert: 'Wenn Sie so weiterlesen, bekommcn die Versfuse Iluhneraugen. ^ * —Little Fred is crying. “What’s the matter, Fred?” “I had a terrible accident.” 44What was it?” “I met papa when I was smoking.” • • • # —Horse yawning. “Well, I guess I'll hit the hay.” • • • * 一In room No. 16 every fly is prosecuted. Nigger and his body guard buy fifty cents worth of cheese every day and the sweet smell thereof attracts every fly, but all the cheese is wrapped in Tangle foot paper, which means capture to every thief. ~Miss Neugiering: “Miss Height is to read about ‘Transcenden talism.’ Tell me something about it. What does it mean? Miss Allwissend: “What is the word?” Miss Neugierig: Transcendentalism.” Miss Allwissend: “Say it again please, what was the last part of it?” Miss Neugierig: “一dentalism. Miss Allwissend (triumphantly: “It has something to do with, the. teeth of course.”

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—Untero—zier (zu einem Soldaten): “Was sind sie denn in ilirem Zivilberuf?” Soldat: (mit Pathos) “Icli bin Dichter!” Unteroffizier: “Das passt ja ausgezeiclmet; da konnen sie ，mal gleicli die Tiir hier dichten, damit der Wind nicht durchpfeifl;! ” —Lady to the new cook: “Did you wash the fish carefully before you baked them?” Cook: “No, madam, what’s the use of washing the fish, that lived all their life in the water.” lad broke a plate-glass window down town and tried to run away, but was lield back by a policeman. “Don，t you know that you have to pay for the window?” “Sure,” replied the lad, “that is self-evident, I just was going to run home and get tlie money.”

WHAT IS YOUR REASON? Have you ever noticed how often this question is asked and how often it cannot be answered satisfactorily ? You undoubtedly have. It is a ques tion which is asked at each action done. The world demands a reason for each deed done or contemplated. The action which cannot be based upon a sound reason is not acknowledged and will usually prove a failure. The great enemy of reason is prejudice. To prejudice can be attributed most of the actions for which a clear reason cannot be given. For example, the captain of a team discharges a player, although the general opinion is that a great injustice is done to the player. If the captain is asked for his reason, his answer will not satisfy. Such an action will not be endorsed by the world. It must be exposed to harsh criticism and displeasure. It at once makes the perpetrator the object of disrespect and distrust of his neighbors. It would be well, therefore, if everyone would ask of himself the question, what is your reason ? before he commits an act, and after he has clearly convinced himself that he is justified in doing a certain deed, then do it. He need then not fear unjust criticism or rebuke. A. F. W.

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TABLM OF CONTENTS i

U7 jUtcrary Lost and F<»und___________________ 147 German Militarism or Knglis)i Maritinism ?...... ............................ .— ----- S4H ]>as Mu-nchsK'hfn im iruchen ilittcl;ilter _____ ___________ ...»----- - 152 Editorials .• __________ ____ .-…158 College Notes_____ __ ______ ____ Alumni Xotcs --------A us <lcm Seminar............................... Exchanges______________________ De Helms Omnibus______________ Prohibition in South Carolina The Allies War Loan_________ Locals....................... ....... Athletics........................... Campus and Classroom

lr.o 161 161 1(>5 165 1B5 168 170 172

1 !

The Black and Red

I November 1915

NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE, WATERTOWN, WIS.

-M

一….................

.'••••

議

_..麵

. 险.丫？

THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., November, 1915.

Number 6

GERMAN MILITARISM. What is militarism? Our dictionaries define it as first, the military spirit; second, addition to war or military practice; third, disposition to provide for the strength and safety of a nation or vernment by maintaining strong military forces. Undoubtedly ft° is the latter definition which applies to the present time. If this definition holds true, almost every country in the world, including the U. S., is burdening itself with militarism. Consequently it is not militarism in itself一the keeping of a stand ing army—which is to be condemned, but rather the exaggeration of militarism; that is a burden and curse to the country governed by it and a menace to all other countries. . You will ask, how and by what means was this world-wide hatred against German “Militarism” aroused? It is though the base and contemptible means to which the Allies and her accom plices and vassals, the majority of the press are stooping. The Allies are striving with might and main to prejudice popular opinion against Germany by publishing pure unadulterated lies and the most absurd stories of the atrocities committed by German soldiers and by claiming that it was German “Militarism” which inaugurated this world-war and that militaristic Germany is essaying to domin ate the world. If domination of the world was Germany’s object in enter ing this conflict, why did not Germany take advantage of England’s difficulty during tlie Boer war or of Russia’s difficulty during the Japaese war? Germany was as much prepared for war twenty

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years ago as she is today. Why did she choose a time when nearly all Europe and half of Asia were against her? If this “Militarjsm” is such a detestable thing, why is it that democratic Germany is so contented and satisfied with it? Why is it that the Americans who were in Germany at the outbreak of the war and who were associ ating with people under its influence, sided with the Germans and praised the spirit shown by them? Why is it that every German is willing to sacrifice the thing most dear to him, his life, on the altar of his Fatherland? It is because Germany is fighting for one cause, Truth, and not like domineering and avaricious England, for more colonies and more wealth. If Germany is oppressed and burdened by “Militarism”，why is it that education, technical and scientific research, the arts and sciences are making such rapid progress and why do so many Americans go to Germany to study? Now the question presents itself, is Germany governed by this abhorred “Militarism”？ Decidedly jNtO. The German system of military training is the backbone of German progress, and this the German knows and is proud of, because it makes a man both in body and spirit out of the lowliest citizen. The German army is simply a citizen army. It is composed of citizens, civilians. All able-bodied men between the ages of 17 and 20 are liable to be called to the colors in time of war. From 18 to 20 the German may volunteer. If he volunteers, it is his priv ilege to choose the arm of service he prefers, infantry, cavalry, artillery or any other branch which the army offers. But if lie does not volunteer, he must at the age of 21 report for examination. If he is found physically fit for service, he serves two years, if in the infantry, and three if in the cavalry. It is this training which makes a man out of the humblest, and it is these men that have made Germany the great country it is today. But after being ex amined, should he be rejected for one reason or another, he passes into the Ersatz or reserve without arms. And the German who is not accepted feels ashamed and disgraced because he is not allowed to serve his country. When, however, the soldier has served his time, and elects to leave the army, it is his privilege to do so, but lie is assigned to the Ersatz with arms until the age of 32. This does not mean that lie is restricted from taking up a profession in civil life. At the end of his two years’ service he is free to enter upon any profesBion lie chooses. From the age of 32 to 39 he is transferred to the Lam -dwehr or national guard, during which time he is liable for service at one maneuver of two weeks. His connection with the army is ended. The same system governs in. the navy. The offi?er® ar® appointed according to their worth and merit and not as .n<^ and some other countries, through graft or because of eir being membeers of a privileged class who advanced by influ ence and manipulation.

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According to the latest statistics the members of professional soldiers in Germany was less than 110,000, while the British army in the same year, boasted more than twice the numebr. The size of the German army is set by the “Reichstag,” the German House of Representatives, the members of which are elected by the people and the army is therefore just as great and no greater than the people wish it to be. Germany’s large and much talked of army is in reality a great militia force. It has no professional officers except the few commissioned offcers. The core of the army are university men, bankers, lawyers, merchants, etc., who have been trained so as to be ready in case their country calls. When as in the present war men are needed, bulletins are posted nforming them where to assemble. There is no need of stump speeches, promises of munificent wages, and above all, Germany does not have to resort to conscription to fill her ranks, as England is con templating doing. Germany does not have to depend on mercenary soldiers as England does and always has done. In time of war the common laborers and the highest nobles live together on an equal basis. Why is it that whenever the question of militarism is raised, everybody refers to the armies and nobody ever thinks of the navies, which are just as important a factor in national defense as the armies? Nobody ever thinks of the English navy, which is vastly superior to any other in the world, in point of enlisted men and ships. England proudly boasts as being “Mistress of the Seas.” It would be more appropriate and it would be telling the truth for once if she would term herself the “Tyrant of the Seas.” Why is it that France and Russia are allowed to increase their armies as often and as much as they like without the people clamoring “Militarism.” Even the U. S. severely criticizes “Militarism.” and at the same time it is striving and seeking to have the second larg est navy. And why has not Germany the same right to keep a sufficiently large army to protect it from such grasping countries as England, who, like the devil-fish with its long slimy tentacles, is continually searching for something to fill its hungry mau. Germany has no natural protections, such as high mountains or oceans to protect her. On thecontrary she is threatened on the east by 1,290,000 Russans, on the west by 720,000 French, and on the north by Engl and’s worlds largest navy. France and Russia together army of 2,000,000 soldiers, against which Germany have a-standing s has only an available armed force of 870,000 men, which, is not even half the number of her opponents. And still England claims that unless German Militarism is immediately crushed, Germany will not only conquer Europe, but the rest of the world besides, And tthe greater part of our press maliciously prints these statements and lies and the people unknowingly have been prejudiced against the Germans.

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But the truth will out, and if Germany comes out of this the victor, and there is every reason to believe she will, she will prove to the world the virtue and worth of her military system. E. R. B. ’18. SEINE FBEIHEIT.

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Es war ein kuhler September Morgen. Auf der Strasse, die zum Stadtgefangnisse hinauffiihrte, bewegten sich vier mit Holz beladene Wagen. Die Fuhrleute, klein-russisclie Bauern, waren abgestiegen, und nur dann und wann, wenn eines der Pferde nachliess mit Ziehen ertonte ein, “Wittja” des Fuhrmannes, sonst war alles still. Endlich. gelangte der erste Wagen an das Gefangnistor. Der Fuhrmann rief miirrisch nach dem Torwachter und, als dieser niclit sogleicli erschien, fing er an zu fluchen. Bald waren auch die Anderen an dem Tore angelangt, und nun fingen alle vier an den WacMer zu schelten. Endlich kam er, und als er sah, was sie wollten, entfernte er sich, um Anordnungen zum Oeffnen des Tores zu treffen. Man horte das Rufen der Gefjingnisaufseller, die die arbeitenden Gefangenen auf den Hiliterhof trieben, damit keiner durch das geoffnete Tor entschliipfen konnte. Schliesslicli horte man das Drehen des Schliissels im Schlosse, das Tor iichzte in seinen Angeln, und die noch immer fluchenden Bauern wurden eingelassen. Es befand sich aber auf dem ersten Wagen ein Baumstamm, den die Fuhrleute trotz aller Anstrengung nicht vom Wagen heben konnten. Sie winkten einem Aufseher, der mit drei riistigen Straflingen kam, und die halfen dann, den Baumstamm herunterzuheben. Der Aufseher mit zwei Straflingen entfernte sich, einer aber, “der Grosse Stephan” genannt, blieb unbemerkt am Tore stehen und schaute in die Welt liinaus. Er liatte einmal vor Jaliren im Streite einen seiner Briider ubel zegerichtet, wurde dann verklagt, und da er, als Zigeuner, der Gerichtssprache nicht kundig war, und Niemanden hatte, der ihn yerteidigte, wurde er oline weiteres zu einer Gefangnisstrafe von funf Jaliren verurteilt. Wie lange er shon hier war, wusste er nicht. Tage kamen und Tage Und nun gingen, er sah nichts als die oden Gefangnismauern. breitete sich die freie Natur, das weite Feld, der Wald im Herbstkleide vor ihm aus. Er dachte an die Steppen wo in der Dammerung und beim Feuer gesungen. und getanzt wurde. Er erinnerte er Abschied nahm von der, die er so lieb liatte, wie sie fre Hande nach ihm ausstreckte, und er ihr versprach, bald wieaerzukommen.—Aber er sah sie niclit wieder. Da schien es ihni， ®r eine Stimrne in sich rufen. Sein Herz klopfte heftiger. b reineit, murmelte er, blickte scheu um sich, schritt durch. das Tor und elite feldeinwarts nach dem Walde.

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Inzwischen bemerkte der Aufseher, dass jemand fehlte, ein fluchtiges Zahlen der Gefangenen ergab, dass der “Grosse Stepiian” abwesend war. Sofort wurden zwolf Mann zu Pferde nach alien Richtungen ausgesandt, um den Fliichtling einzufangen. Es war etwa vier Uhr Nachmittags, als zwei Polizisten, in der Mitte der gefesselte Zigeuner, am Tore anlangten. Und da der Gefangnisdirektor eiiie Einladung zu einem Bankett nicht aufgeben wollte, schob er (las Verhor bis zum nachsten Morgen auf. Der “Grosse Stephan” wurde nun auf den Hof zu den ubrigen Straflingen gefiihrt. Letztere, argerlich iiber den Fluchtversuch des Zigeuners, 'veil sie mein ten, dadurch das Vertrauen der Aufseher verloren zu haben, fluchten und schimpften iiber ihn. Er aber schwieg still. Was sollte er auch sagen? Sie kannten ja das freiheitsliebende Gemiit eines Zigeuners gar nicht.—Da fuhren sie auf ihn los und schlugen ihn, bis er bewusstlos zusammenbrach. Niemand kummerte sich um ihn. War es doch fremdes Blut, das in seinen Adern l.ollte. Endlich um Mitternacht fand ihn der alte Nachtwachter, er gab ihm Wasser und schleppte ihn nach seiner Zelle aufs Strohlager. Der “Grosse Stephan” schlug seine Augen auf, blickte den guten Mann an und sagte: “Danke, Herr, nur noch eine kleine Zeit und dann bin ich frei, ja frei!” Der Wachter schiittelte mitleiding den Kopf und entfernte sich. Am nachsten Morgen, als man aufschloss, um den Fluchtling zum Verhor zu ziehen, fand man ihn tot auf seinein Lager. Es wurde dem Gefiingiiisdirektor gemeldet, der suchte gleichgiilting im Protokollbuche nach dem Namen, um ihn zu streichen. Und was stellte sich heraus? Die Zuchthaus strafe dieses Zigeuners war G. J. S.，17. schon vor zwei Jahren abgelaufen.

Einlges iiber Hagen im Nibelungenliede. In einem guten Epos sind wenig Helden vorhanden, die nur gute Eigenschaften besitzen; den ein gutes Epos muss der Wirklichkeit entsprechen. Deshalb lasst Homer nur zwei Helden in seiner Ilias auftreten, namlich Hektor und Diomedes, die lauter vortreffliche Eigenschaften haben. Ebenso sind in der deutschen Epik nicht viele Helden von solcher Beschaffenheit. Dieses zeigt sich im Nibelungenlied, das auch bloss zwei Helden von tadellosem Charakter auftreten liisst. Wir finden diese in Siegfried und Ru diger. In den ubrigen stuft sich das Ideal allmahlich ab, bis es in seine Kehrseit umschlagxt. Manche Heroen tun es in gewissen Dingen den Besten zuvor, aber sie haben auch bedeutende Pehler. Beschauen wir uns aus der griechischen Epik Achilleus, aus der deutschen Hagen, so finden wir es bestetigt. Aber wiederuni sinkt niemand so tief, dass ihn nicht dieser Oder jene ideale Zug erhobe.

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Homer erzalilt selbst von Thersites etwas Gutes. Dieser ist namlich der Einzige, welcher Mut hat, Agamemnon das an Achilleus veriibte Unrecht vorzuhalten. Die ubrigen Fursten hatten, ausser dass Nestor zum Frieden mahnte, die Gewalttat ruhig geschehen zu lassen. So finden wir gleichfalls, dass im Nibelungenliede Gutes von dem Bosewicht Hagen erzahlt wird. Da wir aber besonders das Schleclite an Hagen wahrnehmen, wollen wir ihn erst von seiner Schattenseite kennen lernen, dann auch versuchen, mt ihm von seiner Lichtseite bekannt zu werden. Wir alle wissen, dass Siegfried ein herrlicher, frohlicher und sehr tapferer Ritter war. Br ging an den Hof des Konigs Gunther, dessen Lehnsmann Hagen war, um mit den Helden des Hofes beÂ kannt zu werden. Gleich bei seiner Ankunft an Gunthers Hof war ihm Hagen feind gesinnt. Hier konnen wir auch seine aussere Erscheinung wahmehmen: Pinster blickend, einaugig und schwarzhaarig wird er nus geschildert. Wer Hagen zum ersten male sah, konnte ilin leiclit fiir Hodur, den Asen der Finsternis halten. Siegfried scliwur den Rittern am Hofe Gunthers Treue. Und Jedermann liebte ihn, nur Hagen nicht. Ja, Hagen hasste ihn, wie die Finsternis das Licht hasst. Diesen Hass verbarg Hagen gegen Siegfried, indem er freundliche Reden im Munde fiihrte, wenn auch. sein Herz nichts von dieser Freundlichkeit gegen Siegfried wusste. Hagens Hass, durcli Neid vermehrt, garte so lange in seinem Inneren, bis er in einer offentlichen Gewalttat ausbracli. Gelegenheit hierzu fand er bald. Als Kriemhild einst zu Brunhild sagte, dass es Siegfried gewesen sei, der sie besiegte, flihlte sich diese so entehrt, dass die ilir vermeintliche angetane Schmach nur In dieser Stimdurch Siegfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tod gesiihnt werden konnte. mung fand Hagen sie. Er sagte ilir auch, wenn Siegfried nicht sturbe, so wiirde sogar der ganze Burgunderhof geschandet werden. Doch wer sollte der Luhne schaffen? Gunther, wollte docli nicht ganz so undankbar gegen Siegfried sein, dass er ilm selbst totete. Hagen stellte ihm die Notwendigkeit von Siegfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Ermordung vor und zeigte sich willens, den Verrat an Siegfried zu veruben. Gunther machte drauf aufmerksam, dass ihm nur durch List beizukommen ware. Hierauf entwarf Hagen auf einen hinterlistigen Plan, in dem wir seine Falschheit im grellsten Lichte erblicken. Wir wissen, dass Siegfried mit einer undurchdringlichen Hornhaut iiberzogen war, ausser an einer Stelle, namlich zwischen beiden Scliultern. Zwar wusste Hagen, dass Siegfried einen soljjhen Panzer besass, aber wo die blosse Stelle sei, war ihm unbekannt. Wollte er nun Siegfried ehsteclien, musste er wissen, wo sie sei. Um sein Ziel zu erreichen, ging er zu Kriemhild und bat sie sie mochte doch ein kleines Kreuzlein an ihres Mannes Kleider nanen, wo er ungescliutzt sei, damit er seinen Schild in der Schlacht scnutzena uber diese Stelle halte, um ihn vor irgend welclien Schaden zu bewahren. Die nichts ahnende Kriemhild erfullte in ilires

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Onkels hinterlistige Bitte. Bald darauf bemerkte Hagen jenes so unscheinbare, und doch so verhangnisvolle Kreuzchen auf dem Rucken des Kleidungstiickes, das Siegfried trug. Nachdem er dies erreicht hatte, fiihrte er den zweiten Teil seines ruchlosen Planes aus. Er liess falsche Boten kommen, als ob die Sachsen gegen Gunther in Anmarsh waren. Naturlich wiirde Siegfried seine Hiilfe anbieten. Nachdem sie diese erlangt hatten, sollte die Nachricht ausgesprengt werden, Ludeger und Liidegast hatten sich eines besseren besonnen und wagten nicht, die Burgunder anzugriefen. Dann aber wollte er Siegfried zur Jagd einladen, wo er dann die Tat vollbringen wurde. Schon dieser ganze Plan Hagens zeugt von einer Hinterlist ohne gleichen. Alles ging auch genau dem Plane Hagen’s gemass. Beobacliten wir nun den dritten Teil seines Mordplanes. Alle Helden.sind nun auf der Jagd. Selbstverstandlicli wiirden sie nach der Jagd durstig sein. Aber den Wein solle man zurucklassen. Dann wih.de er Siegfried an eine Quelle fuhren, wo er dann ungestort Siegfried to ten konne. Wie Iiagen sich das ausgeheckt hatte, geschah es auch. Siegfried wird vom Jagen ermiidet und sehnt sich nach einen laben den Trunk, aber der Wein felilte. In der Feme aber ist eine Quelle sprudelndes Wassers. Auf diese machte Ha gen aufmerksam, in dem er zu Gunther und Siegfried sprach: “In der Nahe ist ein Brunnen; und ich halte es fiir besser, wenn wir die Waffen ablegen, damit wir auf clem Wege zum Brunnen nicht unniitzer Weise beschwert sind. Nur den Speer lasst uns mitnehmen.” Weshalb wollte Hagen es gerne sehen, dass die Waffen zuruckgelassen werden sollten? Damit er nicht der Gefahr ausgesetzt ware, von Siegfried angegriffen zu werden, wenn er ihn nicht gleicli todlich verletzte. Zwar legte Siegfried seine Waffen neben sich, aber das kiimmerte den fin stern Hagen jetzt wenig. Als Gast liess Siegfried den Konig zuerst trinken, dann trank er. Wahrend er trank, trug Hagen schell und leise dessen Schwert und Armbrust beiseite. Dann nahm er den Jagdspeer zur Hand und trat hinter den am Boden liegenden und Wasser schliirfenden Siegfried. Mit sicherem Blick fand der Verrater das verraterische Kreuzlein. Zie!end wog Hagen den Speer und dann stiess er ihn durch die Lucke in der Hornhaut in den Korper des Helden, so dass der Speer mit furchtbarer Gewalt durch das Herz fuhr und selbst noch die Horn haut auf der Brust durchdrang. Auf diese Weise also fand der Kuhnste aller Tapferen, durch die Hand eines ruchlosen Meuchelmorders, seinen Tod. Anderseits zeigt sich Hagen als Bosewicht, indem er einen Kaplan ins Wasser schleudert, nur um zu sehen, ob dadurch eine Weissagung erfullt wiirde, Oder nicht. Was seiner Ermordung Siegfried’s an Schlechtigkeit wohl gleichkommt, das ist seine Ermordung des Knaben Ortlieb. Als es zwischen den Burgundern und Hunnen zu Streitigkeit kam, ver-

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suchte Etzel den Frieden wiederherzustellen, indem er Ortlieb als Geissel geben wollte. Doch frech und den Hunnen zum Hohn hieb Hagen den unschuldigen Ortlieb das Haupt ab, so dass es Konig Etzel in den Schoss fiel. Hierzu gehorte freilich kein grosser Mut, denn Ortlieb war noch ein junges Kind, vielmehr aber ein hoher Grad von Grausamkeit. Obwolil wir geneigt sind an Hagen nur bose Eigenshaften zu finden, sind ihm dennoch einige gute zuzuschreiben. Da gilt zuerst seine Klugheit. Diese zeigt er unzahlige Male, indem er Gun ther vor Kriemhrld warnt. Er sagt ihm, dass es nicht ratlich sei, Kriemhild den Schatz zu lassen, damit wtirde sie sich Freunde erwerben, die ihnen schadlich sein konnten. Er weiss ganz genau, wie sehr Kriemhild auf Rache und deren Ausfiihrung bedacht ist. Ferner halt er’s fur ratsam, die Waffen anzubehalten, als die Burgunder Konig Etzel und dessen Gemahlin besuchten: “Denii,” so sagte er, “wir sind von Feinden umgeben und jeden Augenblick Wir sehen also, kann das -Schwert gegen uns gezogen werden. dass er Kriemliildeii’s Plane durcliscliaute und deshalb sehr vorsichtig war. Was aber im Nibelungenliede besonders als lobenswert fur Hagen gilt, ist seine Starke, Tapferkeit und entschlossene Todesverachtung. Dass er keine Todesfurcht liatte, zeigt sich, als er den Burgundern ins Hunnenland folgte. Er weiss gewiss aus einer ihm zuteil gewordenen Weissagung, dass weder er noch irgend ein anderer Held Gunthers je wieder dessen Hof lebend sehen werden. Und trotz dieser Weissagung zog er doch anch Etzers Hof. Wiederum ein herrliches Beispiel seiner Todesverachtung gibt uns Hagen, als er die Auslieferung des Nibelungenschatzes verweigert. Kriemhild stand neben ihm mit gezucktem Schwerte und wollte ihm das Haupt abschlagen, wenn er ihr nicht Auskunft uber den Verbleib des Hortes gabe. Obschon Hagens Leben auf dem Spiele stand, liess er sich nicht durch Kriemliilden’s Todesdrohungen bewegen, auch nur das Geringste von dem Schatze zu verraten. Wir meinen Hagen hatte keinen Funken Treue in sich liaben konnen, da er Siegfried so meuchlings erstechen konnte. Aber gerade seine unwandelbare Vasallentreue ist es, die ilin veranlasst hat, den schrecklichen Mord zu begehen. Durch Siegfried sail er seinen Herrn und Beschiitzer verletzt, durch Kriemhild und ihren Gemahl seine Herrin Brunhild entehrt. Er wusste, wenn Siegfried nicht sturbe, wtirde Brunhild Gunther auf imraer verlassen. Brunhildens wegen belastete er sich mit der Schmach und Schande eines Meuchelmorders. Aus Treue gegen Gunther, um dessen Ehre zu erhalten, und dies konnte einzig und alleine durch Siegfried’s Tod geschehen, liess er sicli bewegen, jenen einerseits notwendigen, aber wiederum schimpflichen Mord zu begehen. Und warum die Konige lieber sterben wollten, als Hagen aus-

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liefern. daran kann man wohl kaum im Zweifel sein. Wer wiirde sich auch dazu entschliessen konnen, einen tapferen, mutigen, furchtlosen und seinem Herrn treu ergebenen Helden, wie Hagen es war, an die Feinde auszuliefern! Und gerade die besten Man ner, wie Rudiger, Volker, der Spielmann, und viele andere, sind’s, die Iiagen ehren. Ja, tier edle Volker schloss sich sogar als Schwertbruder und Freund an Hagen an. Ware nun Hagen nicht tapfer und edel gewesen, hatten, glaube ich, nicht gerade die Bes ten ihn geelirt und sicli an ihn gelialten. Obwohl wir es gerecht finden, dass Hagen endlich umkommt, ist docli die Art und Weisse, wie er umkommt Mitleid erregend. Auch ein Held wie Iiagen hatte auch eines I-Ielden Tod linden sollen. Sclion seine Gefangennalime erweckt unsere Synipathie fiir ihn. Denn er hatte seit Tagen tapfer ohne Speis und Trank treu an der Seite Gunther’s gekiimpft. Alle 13undesgenossen waren entweder tot Oder verwundet, nur Hagen und Gunther waren ubrig und sehnten sich nacli Ruhe, nach Speise und Trank. Plotzlich kam Dietrich von Bern, frisch unci kampfeslustig und forderte den kampfmuden Hagen zum Zweikampf auf. Obwohl Hagen ganz und gar ermattet war, kostete es dem Berner dennoch unendliclie Anstrengungen, ihn zu iiberwaltigen. Dann aber legte er Hagen in Fesseln. Ware Hagen nicht so erschopft gewesen, hatte es leicht Dietrich von Bern sein konnen, der statt Hagen gefesselt worden ware. Nach Hagens Besiegung iibergab er ihn Kriemhild. Diese verholinte den zu ihren Fiissen liegenden Gefesselten und schlug dem wehrlosen Hagen ohne erbarmen den Kopf ab. War das ein Heldentot? Und docli war das das Iieldenliafte dabei, dass er nicht, obgleich er dadurch sein Leben hatte retten konnen, Auskunft liber den Nibelungenschatz gab. Sonst aber war Hagens Tod eines tapferen Recken unwiirdiger. Wehrlos, verhohnt, ohne die geringste Hoffnung auf Verteidigung, gefesselt auf den Boden liegend, empfing der tapfere Hagen von der Hand eines rachsiichtigen Weibes den Todestreich. Wir hatten es lieber gesehen, wenn er im ehrenvollen Kampfe von dem Schwerte eines I-Ielden, umgekommen ware. Zum Scliluss sei noch erwahnt, class kein Volk in seinen alten Dichtungen, ausser den Griechen, solche machtige und ergreifende Lebensbilder aufgestellt hat, wie das deutsche, was man auch an Hagen im Nibelungenliede erkennt. B. K. ’16. Friendship like love is but a name Unless to one you stint the flame, The child, whom many fathers share Hath seldom known a father’s care, ’T is thus in friendship; who depend On many, rarely find a friend.

—Gay.

THE BLACK AND RED Publi«K«d Monthly by the Students of the NortKw««lern College.

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DEPARTMENT EDITORS HENRY J. BRANDT 9\6 . # • • • EXCHAN GES • .• . ATHLET ICS HBLMUTH W, SCHAEFER M 7 GERTRtUDE M. SCHLUETER y 16 • . . • DH REBTJ S OMNIB US ELMERl C. KIESSLING M7 • .• • . COLLEGE NOTES OTTO C* KLAYE . .• • . LOCALS ... CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM GUSTAV J. SCHLBGEL，I7 Contributions to ttie Lltcrarr Dcparlment requuited from Altimnr ana undergraduate!. All literary mAttct sliould be addressed to the Editor-In-Chief and allbusiineis communications to the Buaincu Manager, The t ermaof subscriptions arc i Dollar per annum» payable In advance. Single cop!c«» f 5 c«nt». icotcdin oATmenU Notifr us tf "vom wish Tour address chanscd or you，papct discontinued. AdvertUingratci furnished upon applicatioiu Km Bkek aid Red !a forwarded to att subscribers until order for Iti dUcontinuancc U received or the *ub ■cribcr li more than one year in arrears* Bntcr«d at the Postofflee oi Watertownf iccond-dasa matter.

lit

GIVE THANKS ! The season of plenty has again come round. Every barn is filled, every granary replenished, every heart is happy. The boun ty of God has placed us beyond the reach of want for another year. We are once more supplied plentifully with the gifts of God’s un deserved grace and we need now only to partake. A consideration of this should crowd gloom and worry from our hearts. It should elevate our soul from its toil and bring it to

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contemplate His good-will toward us and point out to us, how un necessary is all our anxiety and worry. He has promised to pro vide for us and preserve us from all need and He has again proved that His promise is never forgotten. But His gifts must meet with our most sincere thanks, not only once a year when His love is most evident though the enor mous plenty, but every day. It is very proper that a day on which we can all join in thanksgiving lias been set aside. But it should not give the impression that our duty is done with this day. We need His presence and protection each day. Each day must there fore be a Thanksgiving if we know how to accept His gifts.

THE SPECTATOR. The visiting team gets two impressions of the school which is its host, namely of the team and of the rooters. Of the first the impression is usually that of a spirited, hardworking aggregation or of an easy-going, careless and perhaps nerveless crowd. This impression will change from year to year, since each school is rep resented by different people each year. The tactics to which they resort may be called clean or rough, but they do not add or detract much from the original opinion formed of them. The score may affect the school’s athletic prestige for that year, but as that changes yearly, the effect is not lasting. Not so with the spectator and rooter. It is due to him that a favorable or unfavorable opinion is formed. His conduct reflects the spirit of the school and that spirit is what greatly helps to mould a school’s reputation. There are two kinds of spectators, the gentlemanly one and the coarse and rude one. The former is that person who will cheer his team with might and main, the one who will enjoy the victory and feel the pang of defeat of his team. But he is also the one who will respect his opponent, give him due credit and acknowledge his work. He will not try to discourage the opponent by disrespectful remarks or jokes. 1-Ie values his opponent’s team as a worthy one and does not condemn him as an inferior even though he is losing. The other kind of spectator can summarily be called a cow ard. The person that can sit securely esconced among a crowd where he is safe from retaliation and hurls gibes and crude jokes at his opponents’ looks, action or nationality is properly called a coward. He doesn’t do it to the team that is handing out a defeat to his team; but the team that is losing, that is the one against whom he ventures to hurl his distasteful and ungentlemanly com pliments. He fears the team that is stronger than his, but the one that is weaker is the one that will have to take his gibes. Usually

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the most valiant ones on the sidelines are the ones that are the most timorous otherwise. While the reputation of the school is raised by the spectator of the first class, it is considerably lowered by those of the other class. We may look for unjust treatment in a corner-lot game, But at a school that professes to build character, such a thing should be impossible. Clean, gentlemanly conduct is always concomitant with good education. Show your visitors proper appreciation: show them that you don’t want to win at any cost, but that, winning or losing, you are always willing to proffer good treatment; that you do not glut over victory or that you cannot digest defeat. Above all, dorj’t single out a peculiar characteristic in an opponent and ridicule it. This sliows the lowest and most contemptible kind of spirit. Ath letic relations should bring schools into closer contact, it should create a friendly feeling and interest in the work of the other. But they should not breed a feeling of hatred and contempt, nor a desire for revenge. This spirit is not usually bred between the contesting teams, but between the contending rooters. Earnest and clean competition in athletics is in itself commendable, but if it creates a feeling of dislike, contempt or arrogance its benefits for the greatest part cease. NOTICE,. By a misunderstanding in the last number of the Black and Red it was reported that the Vesuvius Club rendered a program. The Vesu vius Club ceased to exist and no program was rendered. ’T is education forms the common mind; Just as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined. Catch, 0 catch, the transient hour; Improve each moment as it flies; Life’s a short summer, a man a flower; He dies, alas,―liow soon he dies!

—Pope.

—Johnson.

A jokes* prosperity lies in the ear Of him that hears it; never in the tongue —Shakespeare. Of him that makes it. 0. it is excellent To have a giant’s strength; but it is tyrannous —Shakespeare. To use it like a giant.

COLLEGE M©TESo

After (he close of the football season, in which good and ill luck was probably equally distributed, our laurel-crowned heroes have again packed away (heir padded suits for a long rest, and have begun to indulge once more, after a long period of total abstinence, in the delightful and beneficial use of that herb whose fragrant vapor extinguishes the memory of every defeat and exalts the glory of every victory to the skies. And thus will it last for a whole year until the balmy autumn days have returned again. Then, however, our braves will be marshaled by a new captain, elected after the last game, Carl Kuske, the valiant Stonewall, whose phe nomenal playing lias more than once subdued the ardor of his advversaries and excited the admiration of the spectators. Concurrent with the election of captain, the official N’s were also awarded to all the players of the first team, as marks of honor for distinguished services rendered. The following were the recipients of these prized mementoes: Of the senior cass, A. Westendorf, who lias been a member of the squad for four years and its captain for two; H. Brandt, who as a star end has proved himself a magnet for many a beautiful pair of admiring eyes for the last three years; P. Froelke, who tripled the gate receipts in the last three years for the very same reason; W. Zank, whom Nature has endawed with Achillena strength, together with wonderful strategy and prowess; and W. Puhlbrigge, whose promising greatness in football is hin dered by an imminent graduation next June. Of the Juniors receiving an N, there are only two, of whom the one, 0. Gruendmann has in this, his first year, shown himself Hindenburg’s second, phys ically, mentally, and onomatopoetically, while the other, Theo.

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Binhammer, has insured himself eternal recognition as a prodigy in football in Beloit and vicinity at least; in the Sophomore class we find besides Capt. Kuske, Duxe, the man who is a born leader and conquerer, as tlie incorrect spelling of liis name implies, Hen ning of the sturdy Michigan variety; Vohs, who is a happy mis nomer of two of Germany’s great men, and Zeisler the invulnerable song-bird. Besides these, Paul Eickmann, our star of former years, whose arm was broken in the first days of practice, has received an N in appreciation of his talents and successes as manager.

Aus dem Seminar. —Herr H. C. Nitz aus der dritten Klasse verliess das Seminar am 2. Nov” um einen Ruf aus Globe, Arizona, Folge zu leisten. Herr Nitz wird etwa ein Jahr n Globe Schule halten unci sonst Missionsarbeiten tun. Frl. Harders war bis anfangs November Lehrerin, musste aber Krankheitshalber ihr Amt niederlegen. —Am 18. Okt. hielt die Milwaukee Stadtkonferenz liier im Seminar eine Sitzung. ―Der Verwaltungsrat hielt am 13. Okt. Sitzung und wahlte Herrn Prof. Meyer aus der lutherischen Hochschule in Milwaukee als vierten Professor. Er wird nach Neujahr sein Amt antreten. ―Herr Hans Hoyer, ein Student des Marquette Medical College, besuchte am 18. Okt. alte Freunde und Bekannte. 一Pastor W. Hass aus Lewiston, Idaho, heiratete am 30. Okt. Frl. Licker aus Burlington, Wis. Pastor Hass stattete uns am 28. Okt. einen kleinen Besuch ab. —Pastor B. Quandt, der einen Beruf nacli Buffalo, Minn., angenommen hat, trat am 27. Okt. zu Watertown, Wis., in den Ehestand mti Frl. M. Pautz. —Der Verwaltungsrat des D. M. L. C. zu New Ulm, Minn., berief am 22. Okt. Herrn Pastor M. Wagner aus Colonie, S. D., als Professor. Er wird die Stelle, die durch die Resignation des Herrn Prof. Meyer leer wurde, bedienen. 一Am 25. Okt. besuchte Herr Pohlmann, aus Manitowoc, Wis., Herrn A. Uplegger. —Pastor Ph. Kohler aus Trenton, Wis., besuchte uns am 4. Nov. ―Floyd Berry yon Lawrence College, Appleton, besuchte seinen Freund, A. Uplegger. Donnerstag und Freitag jeder Woche werden von den Gliedern der ersten und zweiten Klasse Katechism und Predigt genalten. Pastor A. Tacke aus Merma, Neb., besuchte uns am 6. Nov. ―Otto und August Kehrberg besuchten am 23. Okt., Freunde

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und Verwandte in Kenosha. —Viele Seminaristen reisten am 30. Okt. nach Watertown, um dem Fussballspiel zwischen Carroll College und N. W. C. beiz uwohnen. —Pastor W. Wadzinski aus Red Granite,, besuchte uns am 4. Nov. —Prl. F. Kopp aus Watertown stattete den Herrn G. Fischer und E. Steig einen freundschaftlichen Besuch ab. 一R. Fenske besuchte am 30. Okt. Verwandte in Hustisford. —M. Glaser wohnte am 7. Nov. der Beerdigung seines Onkels in Platteville, Wis., bei. 'T is thus that on the choice of friends Our good or evil name depends.

—Gay.

Honor and shame from no conditions rise; Act well thy part,—there all the honor lies. ―Shakespeare. Trifles light as air Are, to the jealous, confirmations strong As proof of Holy Writ.

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—Shakespeare.

Glory built On selfish principles is shame and guilt.

—Cowper.

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When judgment is weak The prejudice is strong.

一O’Hara.

Men should be what they seem.

—Shakespeare.

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Of love of praise, howe’er concealed by art, A lost good name is ne’er retrieved.

Reigns more or less and glows in every breast.

■Gay.

―Young.

Secondly, because shortly before the outbreak of hostilities a partial mobilization of the fleet was ordered. Of all of the re views since 1859 tliis one was tlie only one in which every vessel was efficient and every vessel properly manned. That this was a remarkable, coincidence, no one can deny, but was it chance that caused it to happen thus? We are under the impression that too little credit is given the English government, so long known for its tactful diplomacy.—“John Paul Jones” is an essay treating exhaus tively the achievements of him who “by dint of hi sown personal ability and capacity for ruling others rose to the pinnacle of eminence. The biograhpy is clothed in good language.—“Her Choice" f?rms a portion of the lighter reading matter in the department. culmination is natural and psychologically true.-一-.Patriotism” is an article well worth the reading. In it the writer attempts to sl^ow that lie is not a patriot who in a spurt of enthusiasm offers himself for his country because of self esteem or desire for human praise, but that he is a true patriot who makes the cause of liis country his own and who cherishes it as one of the most sacred emotions a man can possess. Thus it is that many true patriots are never known, whereas the more selfish are honored by tlieir country.一The editorial department presents as the most interest ing editorial “Three Great Statesmen.” The comparison is well carried out, but as to the real intentions of these men, let us make no hypotheses but await developments.一Your paper presents one of the most complete alumni columns that we receive. It is prob ably because of the well-informed department that you meet with such willing response from the alumni in the literary column.一 Your athletic and joke columns are somewhat brief. The exchange column and book reviews are in charge of an able editor. We ap-

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preciate your monthly visits. May you continue to edit so well balanced a journal. It is with pleasure that we acknowledge the receipt of the“Pacifie Star,” St. Benedict, Ore. Although this magazine has-en joyed life in but eight volumes, it is one of our best exchanges. This is probably due to the co-operation of alumni and undergrad uates. No other magazine at present subject to our comment, con tains so many articles, poems, or essays by alumni as does this one. This aid from the alumni enables the editor to introduce variety into the literary column, and to publish essays and articles grounded upon the wider experience and sound judgment of a practical man to whom the school has given theory and the world practical understanding. The literary column contains, as was intimated before, a variety of interesting literature. It is introduced by the beautiful little poem “En Tristesse.” It expresses the feeling of a true Chris tian, namely that in God only can we find everlasting peace at least at heart. “The British Navy. What Its Duty Is,” is very characteris tic of pro-British sentiment. In the article the writer professes to give a brief account of the duties that devolve upon the British navy in times of war. The duties of this contingent of British de fense are well defined. England, as a maritime country, must look to its merchant marine for its existence, and to its navy for its pro tection. We concede that it is the duty of the English navy to pro tect its merchant marine by keeping the highways of commerce open during the war, but we assert that it is brazen effrantery on the part of Great Britain to attempt to close them to countries, other than her enemies, who are engaged in neutral legitimate trade. To do this is not the duty of the navy, but an incroachment upon the universally accepted right of a neutral country. Continuing, the writer asserts that in the present war, Britain’s command of the seas was brought about by an unprecendented piece of good luck. 一 First, because there were so few German men-of-war upon hign seas when the war began. . We cannot pass by the “Student Lantern,” Saginaw, Mien., this month without examining it for the purpose of lauding or crit icizing. It is a true high-school paper in its appearance as well a in its contents. The editors make it a practice to alter tne^cover design every month. This is very commendable, ana it wer if more editing staffs would do this. Every season in ^ well as in athletics, is important enough to receive recognition trom the school papers in form of a cover design, poem, or t * repeat, we are pleased with your cover designs. ^ M k s gjiiy partment contains one story, ^Threatening Weathe them -mile.” An occasional parenthetical interjection as shouid in this story, intending to depict the impression that a reader sno

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gain from the paragraph, might have been proper for Greek dramas, but they can hardly be received with favor in a story of this kind. A writer should also refrain from using vulgar expressions other than in the mouths of the illiterate, and here but little, for vulgar isms never spring from observations alone. The plot of the story was simple, but well carried out. It might be but a matter of taste, but we would suggest putting all jokes under the joke caption and using aphorisms of celebrated authors as fillers. To be frank, some of your departments have not made a favorable impression on us. Some editors deserve praise for their efforts, while of others this cannot be said. The athletic and editorial columns are the most complete, contrary to this is the “Exchanges.” A little more interest in your monthly visitors would improve your column materially. From your criticisms we infer that you do not read your exchanges, but only grace each one with a hasty glance of no penetrating depth. To recapitulate: More serious work in some departments would put your paper at tlie head of our high-school exchanges.

Praise God from Whom all blessings flow, Praise Him, all creatures here below, Praise Him above, ye heavenly host, Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost! From the gifts we have had from His hand Who is Lord of the living Let there run throughout the length of the land —Scollard. A Thanksgiving! Thanksgiving!

He is well paid that is well satisfied.

—Shakespeare.

Of all the griefs that harass the distressed Sure the most bitter is a scornful jest. Fate never wounds more deep the generous breast Than when a blockhead’s insult points the dart. —Johnson.

‘Tis no sin for man to labor in his vocation.

—Shakespeare.

On their own merits modest men are dumb.

—Coleman.

MEXICO. So absorbing are the great events taking place over in Europe that they overshadow happenings in our neighborstate, serious and complicated tho they be. Mexico, sadly devastated and harassed, is making a final attempt for peace, or rather, other countries are doing it for the country which tried in vain for several years. The President's policy of “watchful waiting” failed utterly. Therefore Secretary Lansing and the ambassadors of six South American countries met in conference at New York. The purpose of this Pan-American conference was to determine which of the several claimants who were warring against one another is the strongest, and therefore the most likely to succeed. All the govern ments of the continent would recognize and support him after hav ing persuaded the others to leave off fighting and acknowledge him also. At first their efforts seemed futile, because the Mexican lead ers resented their interference. Secretary Lansing gave the agents of Villa and Carranza and the representatives of other factions an opportunity to set forth their positions and their claim to recogni tion. The results of the hearing were submitted to the Conference as a preliminary step to the recognition of the faction that showed the most “material and moral capacity necessary to protect the lives and property of nationals and foreigners.” Carranza was said to have control over nine tenths of the country. On Oct. 19th his government was formally recognized by the seven nations represented in the conference and also by Columbia and Nicaragua, as the “de facto Government of Mexico, of which General Venustian Carranza is Chief Executive.” After a lapse of two years our Government and Mexico renewed diplomatic relations. Pres. Wilson declared an embargo on all exports of guns or ammunition except those going to Carranza’s forces. Carranza is to provide for municipal elections in places which his forces control, but it is his opinion that a year must lapse before national elections can be held.

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THE BLACK AND BED.

Even now we hardly hope for peace, because efforts to secure it have failed before. But tlie country can not endure war much longer. The economic and financial difficulties in the country are appalling and great honor will be due to Carranza if he succeeds in relieving them and restoring peace and prosperity to a country which has been in want of them for so long.

BULGARIA ENTERS.

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Again there is a new epoch in the history of the European war. It lias taken an entirely unexpected turn towards the south eastern part of Europe and now includes the Balkan in its field of battle. And many believe that the most decisive battles will be fouglit here, that the war will be practically over when tlie Germans enter Constantinople. Very，important is Bulgaria’s attitude, who made common cause—not with the Allies, as tlie English were trying to persuade her to do一but with Germany and Austria. The second week of October, after Bulgaria had refused the demand of Russia that it expel the German and Austrian officers who had charge of its army, the diplomatic representatives of Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy and Servia at Sofia demanded their passports and left the country. This ended all doubt concerning Bulgaria’s position. King Ferdinand and his government took the fatal step when they ordered the mobilization of the Bulgarian army along the Servian frontier, as their main attack is aimed against Servia. At the same time a great Austro-German army appeared on the Danube and began its offensive against the Servian forces from the north. Their intention is to crush the Servian resistance and force a passage thru Servia, so that German troops can march thru it and Bulgaria to join the Turks at Constantinople. . The Bulgarian government gives its reasons very plainly in its manifesto. Their military and economic preparations were only just completed and until then neutrality was expedient, But now they would commit suicide if they did not fight on tlie side of the Central Powers. They must fight on the victor’s side. They want to combine all the Bulgarian people and are as enthusiastic about their Bulgaria Irredents as Italy. Servia, their worst enemy, sup pressed the Bulgarian population of Macedonia in tlie most bar barous manner. It is these lands which they want. King Ferdi nand is anxious to win back all and more than he lost in the ingloBalkan War of 1913. He has a fair chance of succeeding. 巧 brings war and bloodshed again to countries of the Balkan, which have hardly been free from it for the last four years.

—The members of the Board of Visitors attended the recita tions of all classes during the last week of October. 一Henry J. Brandt, ’16, was a visitor in the town of Ixonia, when he looked up our old friend Ernst Winter, Ac. ’14. —To the utmost regret of our entire studen-body, especially to that of the inhabitants of the uppermost deck of our “bunkingjoint,” Brother and Fellow-worker Oscar S. Kluck, of the redoubt able class of 1919, has removed his desirable personage, equipage and garniture to some more refined quarters at a boarding-house down-town. The reasons for the sudden evacuation of his former lodgings are not as yet known, although some rumors have it that the pugnacity of his room-mates prompted him to the action, others again aver that some cocks of our barn-yard menagerie were the cause. Their propensity to crowing is said to have disturbed the afore-mentioned honorable's hours of cogitabundity too often. —Mr. J. Naulin of Milwaukee called on Abner, Prep., and Miss Adeline on October 21. —The worthy Sophomore class mourns the absence of one of its members, Ben James Westendorf, who has discontinued school because of illness. He will, as we most ardently hope, return after the Xmas holidays. —Mr. Aug. Klug called on liis son Walter, Prep., on Nov. 4. —The Rev. J. Glaeser paid a visit to his son Gilbert, Prep., when he was in town as a member of the Board of Visitors. —<<ShrimpM Koehler, Prep., attended the nuptials of his sister at Beaver Dam on Oct. 17. 一'M. Fathauer, Prep., was at home in Chicago on tlie 22. of Oct. (Extract from the OCONOMOWOC GAZETTE.) —Among those present at the celebration of the 50th anniver sary of St. Paul’s church were the Messrs. Ray Timmel and Herbert

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Lau. The gentlemen mentioned received high honors for being able to defeat Oconomowoc’s greatest gormandizer in a contest in the art of gormandinzing. 一One of the notable feats of the twentieth century was per formed on Oct. 2, when T. Boetcher and M. Croll, Preps., cycled to Madison, Wis. —Lucius Brutus Bernthal, ’18，attended nuptial festivities in the burgh of Ixonia on Oct. 21. He was the Best man at the occa sion (at least he was a good one.) Since weddings are an unusual occurrence in that town, Lucius did not fail his opportunity of be ing permitted to devour ail the free “eats” in unlimited amount. 一The Rev. H. Ebert and wife called on their son, Edmund, Prep., on Oct. 8. —Cliuck after much pleading and begging was finally permit ted to attend tlie various outside foot-ball games, in company with the team. After the season the players said they were glad they had taken him along, for, they said, whenever they were despair ing and losing hope, one glance at his sweet, placid features in stilled in them new hope, and they would rush on to goal for a touchdown. His late arrival —Roy H. Vollmers, ’16, has finally came. was due to the fact that he held the job of ticket-taker at the San Francisco Exposition and was therefore indispensable at the Fair. —Louis Meyer, ’19, received a visit from liis brother, George, on Nov. 3rd. —On the eve of Nov. 5th the rooting-club held its last meeting, which marked the close of a successful season. In a retrospect on the entire season we may rest well satisfied with the work done by our clieermasters and rooting-club. At no time did the spirit lag, but there was always that same old pep and perseverance that showed up so well in our team. This year has set a precedent in good loyal spirited rooting; may, therefor, the students of ensu ing years follow this precedent and seek to raise the college spirit even to a higher standard.—The cheer-leaders, Ray Timmel and C. G. Schmidt, especially may be commended for their excellent work. —Carroll also can boast of a spirited student-body, as was so well shown at the Carroll-Nortliwestern game, although the co-eds seemed to “put it over” the boys on the occasion. —Many students attended the lectures that were held at the mass-meeting of hyphenated-Americans. They were most inter esting, authoritative, truthful, enlightening and edifying. —Prof. T. Sclilueter delivered an interesting lecture on Dr. Martin Luther at the hall of St. Mark’s parochial school on Nov. 10. 一Hans Grothe, Prep., received a visit from his mother on November 3rd. —Master H. Kuckhahn, Prep., visited with relatives in the vicinity of Asliippun on Oct. 3rd.

IATHLETICS WHITEWATER NORMAL, 7; N. W. C., 12. On Oct. 16th our boys avenged the defeat handed them by Whitewater Normal last year by defeating the Normals by the score of 12 to 7. This game, like all previous games with Whitewater teams, was cleanly played and highly interesting and exciting. The Normals played a fine game and Coach Schreiber must be compli mented on the showing his team made here. Northwestern was not affected with overconfidence this time and consequently worked every minute of the game, but the sturdy defense of the Normals only permitted us two touchdowns. Zank kicked off and sent the ball flying across the goal line. Play commenced on the 20 dy. line, Whitewater was forced to punt after a few downs. Then Northwestern began one straight march down the field up to the 2 yd. line. Whitewater held and on the third down threw Northwestern for a loss. Whitewater was offside on the next down and the penalty gave Northwestern first down with 3 yds. to go. Westendorf carried the ball over, but Zank failed at the try for goal. Whitewater received the subse quent kick-off and with the aid of a beautiful forward pass which, netted them 50 yds. and a series of line plunges brought the ball to Northwestern^ 15 yd. line. Another neatly executed forward gave them their touchdown. The goal kick was good. After about three minutes of see-sawing, the quarter ended with Whitewater in possession of the ball near the middle of the field. The second quarter consisted mostly in line plunging. Neither of the teams used any forward passes. At one time Northwestern got close enough to goal to try a place kick, but it fell short. Duxe came into the limelight by ripping off a 30 yd. run. The half ended with, the score of 7 to 6 in Whitewater’s favor.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

The third quarter gave us our second touchdown, Westendorf again carrying the ball over the line. Zank ran the opening kick-off back 25 yds. and we began another march down the field. Duxe tried a forward, but Keller intercepted it. Whitewater’s ball. A short end followed and then Henning intercepted a pass and Northwestern finished its second march by making the above men tioned touchdown. Zank again failed to kick goal. During the first part of the last quarter old style football was mainly resorted to; neither team, however, could make any great gains. Whitewater managed to work another 30 yd. pass. Zeisler broke through and nailed tlie quarterback on a play or two and Kuske starred in carying tlie ball and above all in the line, ripping up many a Whitewater play. The Normals .made one last grand effort to score in the last five minutes of play, but Northwestern^ warriors had gotten used to their opponents’ passes and blocked every one of them. "Whitewater’s shining lights were Agnew, Luedtke, Smith and Rolide, while Binliammer starred for Northwestern besides those men already mentioned. The lineups: N. W. C., 12. Whitewater Normal, 7. ______ Brandt 丄.F. 一 Luedtke (Capt.) _______ Kuske L. T.… Agnew________ _______Zeisler Siegman _____ L. G.… ________ Vohs Keller_______ C. Binliammer Eilenfeld_____ R. G.. Gruendemann Humphrey___ ,R. T.. ___ Froehlke Jameson _____ R. E. Smith._______ ________ Duxe Q. ________ Zank Rohde _______ .L. H. B. Fricker____ _ -P. B___ W estendorf (Capt.) Ridge_______ Henning R. H. B.

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Substitutions:

Whitewater, Croak for Jameson; Kutz for

Referee: H. De JWindt, Harvard. Umpire: Wisconsin. Head linesman: 0. Kehrberg, N. W. C.

Haumerson,

i MILWAUKEE NORMALS, 0.; N. W. C., 0. Had Northwestern displayed the same aggressiveness and steady team work on Oct. 23rd as they did in the two previous games, they would undoubtedly have won from the Milwaukee Nor mals. The Milwaukee team was a little lighter tlian ours, but even that didn’t seem to help us any. This game waL not as interesting as the other Normal game of the Saturday before. The Milwaukee

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coach had seen the N. W. C.-Whitewater game and had come to the conclusion that there was no use in hitting our line. So he drilled his team in fake plays and shifts, etc., during the following week which were extensively used in this game. Here and there a pass was interspersed. The first quarter furnished a few thrills among which were a 15 yd. run by Gifford. Froehlke and Kuske were the causes of the Normals’ being thrown for losses several times. During this quar ter none of the teams were in any immediate danger of being scored upon. In the second quarter, however, Milwaukee worked a pretty forward pass which brought the ball across the goal line, but to their sorrow the ball was called back and Milwaukee received a penalty of 5 yds. for offside. Only one pass, Duxe to Froeblke, was worked in this quarter and on the last play of the last play four Northwesterners, Brandt, Volis, Bin hammer and Zeisler tore up Mil waukee's line and nailed Gifford for a 10 yd. loss. The second half was a little livelier than the first. Passes were tried more frequently and the line bucking was harder and looked better from side lines. Among others, Henning, throwing, with Brandt at the receiving end, worked a pass in the 3rd session which netted a little better than 30 yds. Normals’ passes were either incomplete or intercepted by one of our men. After a few minutes of play in this half, Gruendemann was taken but on account of in juries to his knee. 1-Ie was replaced by Bodaraer, who was replaced by Matzke in the next quarter, the fourth. Kuske figured in a tackle play, carrying the ball through for a 25 yd. gain. Zank and Capt. Westendorf ripped up Milwaukee’s line several times, but in spite of their strenuous efforts, we could not get close enough to goal in order to do any scoring. Milwaukee’s most brilliant players were Gifford above all, and secondly, Morgan. N. W. C., 0. Milwaukee Normals, 0 _____ Brandt L. E.. Gifford______ ______Kuske L. T.. Miller________ _____ Zeisler .L. G. Townley_____ ________ Vohs C. Hoe__________ Binhammer _R. G.__ Brunnhardt__ Gruendemann R. T.___ Dunne _______ ___ Froehlke Leuclitenberger _R. E._. ________Duxe -Q. B.Strange______ ________Zank L. H. B. Mannhardt----_F. B___ Westendorf (Capt.) Morgan______ Henning R. H. B. Sprinkman___ Substitutions: N. W. C., Bodamer for Gruendemann; Matzke for Bodamer. Referee: D. Jennings, Marquette. Umpire: H. De Windt, Harvard. Head lineman: H. Rosin, N. W. C.

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THE BLACK AND RED. CARROLL COLLEGE, 37; N. W, C., 0.

After making such a poor showing against Milwaukee Nor mal, Northwestern was fully determined to scalp Carroll on Oct. 30th. Our team rushed Carroll right off the feet at the beginning of the game, bringing the ball down as far as the 8 yd. line, but Carroll held here and then punted out of danger. The first quarter ended without any score. Carroll’s first touchdown came in the second period. They made another one in the third quarter and the other four all came in the last one. The first goal from touchdown was good, but the other five were either too wide or too low. Had it not been for Kuske’s being taken out of the game in the beginning of the third quarter, on account of a broken nose, Carroll undoubtedly would not have won by such a score. Carroll did good playing, we must give them credit for that, but their weight added quite a bit to the effectiveness of their play. The absence of Porlier did not seem to affect the Waukeshans any, since Kellar ably filled the position left vacant by the Indian’s departure. The fea tures of the game end runs by Atwood and Mohlke, one or two of these resulting in a touchdown. Another spectacular play was a quadruple forward pass, executed by Carroll, which also resulted in a score. Capt. Kellar and Right Halfback Haugen did the best playing in the back line for Carroll, by making some zigzagging runs through our defense. Of our boys Capt. Westendorf was easily the star, never failing to gain when called upon, and electri fying the crowd with liis superb tackling. Henning and Brandt also did some excellent playing. Carroll College, 37. N. W. C., 0. Molilke________ 丄E. ___ Brandt Thurwachter____ 丄T.. ____ Kuske Hoffmann_______ L. G._ _ Sclimelzer Shephard _______ C. _____ Vohs Edwards________ _R. G.__. Binhammer Moore__________ _R. T.__ ___ Zeisler Atwood________ _R. E.__ ―Froehlke Kellar (Capt.)____ ■Q. B.—. _____Duxe Kuhlman_______ L. H. B. _____ Zank Reynolds_______ F. B------Westendorf (Capt.) Haugen________ _ R. H. B. Henning Substitutions: Carroll, Dearborn for Reynolds. N. W. C., Fuhlbrigge for Kuske, Matzke for Puhlbrigge. Referee: Huegel Marquette. Umpire: D. Jennings, Marquette. Head linesman: Vosberg, Lawrence. WAYLAND ACABEMY, 2; N. W. C. II, 27. The second team was given a cliance to show what they

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could do against an outside team instead of the first squad when they hammered Wayland Academy up to the tune of 27 to 2 on November 3rd. This was the first time, as long as we remember, that Northwestern’s second team ever beat Wayland in football, and they well deserve their victory. The seconds completely outplayed their opponents in every stage of the game, although Wayland put up a fair fight. The first touchdown came after about three minutes of play when W. Retzlaff carried the ball across after a 20-yd. run over left tackle. The next touchdown came in the second quarter, Scliolz scoring from the one yard line on a tackle play. Both goals were missed. Touchdown No. 3 also came in this quarter and B. Lange kicked goal. The last one came in the third quarter. The goal kick here also fell short. A. Retzlaff might have added another six points to the score had he not fumbled after crossing the goal line. Wayland, however, would not stand for a goose egg as their part of the score and, therefore, scored a safety in the third quarter after an attempted drop kick. The other two points made by the seconds were the result of a safety made during the last few minutes of play. The game ended with the ball in possession of our second team only about ten yards from goal. Those deserving honorable mention for their almost faultless play ing are: Neumann, W. Retzlaff, B. Lange, A. Retzlaff, E. Lange, Gutzke and Naumann. Wayland Academy, 2. N. W. C., 27. __________Gutzke L. E._ Baumgartner ____ Kirchbaum 丄T. Gerber_____ _______ Neumann Harris______ L. G._ _________ Matzke Bancroft____ C. ________ Bodamer Schellenberg . _R. G.__ __________ Scliolz R. T___ Vickers_____ _______ E. Lange _R. E.__. Burchard___ B. Lange (Capt.) Sayles (Capt.) __Q. B.__ _____ A. Retzlaff L. H. B. Johnson ____ _______ Naumann Schroeder ___ P. B___ _____ H. Retzlaff R. H. B._ Weix Substitutions: N. W. C., H. Fuhlbrigge for Kirchbaum; Abelmaim for Scholz. Referee: H. De Windt. Umpire: Eickmann. Head linesman: Zank.

BIPON COLLEGE, 76; jNt. W. C., 0. Northwestern played its second outside game and the last one of the season at Ripon on November 6th, where they were de feated by the overwhelming score of eleven touchdowns and ten goals from touchdown. Ripon has an excellently drilled team be sides an overendowment of what is commonly called “beef” and

II ill

202

THE BLACK AND RED.

could not help but win from us. The score looks pretty lopsided, but it does not say that Ripon had an easy time of it. Every score made had to be earned. Kuske got into the game, but had to be taken out again, later wlien lie was injured. Nevertheless, our boys put up a stubborn fight. Westendorf was practically the only man in the back line who sustained the heavy onslaughts of the Riponites. Quite a few changes had to be made in the line also. The feature of tlie game was a spread formation which netted Ripon the longest gains. Larson ripped off a 75 yd. run for a touchdown. Wyman also starred and Froelilke shone by making a few hairraising tackles. The lineups: Ripon College, 76. McNeill_________ Doman_________ Loos----------------Kenyon ------------Hutloff_________ Bannock _______ Moriarity----------Larsen (Capt.)— Wyman_________ Howard------------Kuebler_________

N. W. C., 0. ___ Brandt ____ Kuske _ Schmelzer _____ Vohs C. Binhammer ■R. G.__ ___ Zeisler R. T.__ __ Froelilke _R. E.„ __ B. Lange Q. B.__. ______Zank L. H. B. •F. B____ Westendorf (Capt.) Henning _R. H. B.

■_L. E. -L. T._. L. G.__

Substitutions: Ripon, Ridgman for Lane for Wyman for McNeill; Kolberg for Kenyon; Cordanat for Hutloff; Hussian for Bancock; Larsen for Nelson for Howard for Leaper for Moriarity; Halverson for Wyman; Johnson for Kuebler; Kuebler for Leaper for Halverson for Howard. N. W. C., Matzke for Schmelzer; Duxe for B. Lange; E. Lange for Henning; Henning for E. Lange; E. Lange for Zank; W. Retzlaff for Henning. Referee: H. De Windt, Harvard. Umpire: Carter, Wisconsin. Head lineman: P. J. Lampert. Use every mail after his desert and Who shall ’scape whipping?

The beter part of valour is discretion.

In every rank, or great or small, ’T is industry supports us all.

—Shakespeare. —

—Shakespeare.

— Gay.

—Illusions?.. —Student: "May we use our imagination? Prof.: “Yes, I wish you had some.” 一Heine ought to “Add a line.” —Boss (to new boy): You’re the slowest youngster we’ve ever had. Aren’t you quick at anything?” :“Yes, sir, nobody can get tired as quick as I can!” * * * * —Prof.: What was that noise back there?” Student: “Excuse me, Professor, my blotter fell down.” —“Alles mit Massen,” sagt der Schneider,一“da sclilagt er seine Frau mit der Elle.” My monitor has found a way by which he says 一First Stud: I am of the greaest help to him in liis literary work.” Second Stud: “Then you’ll get a good pull with him. But how are you able to do it?” First Stud: “As soon as lie begins to work, he makes me sit down and keep quiet.” # # « * —Mistress: “In the time it takes me to tell you liow to do the work, I could do it myself.” ... Maid: “Yes, ma’am. And in the time it takes me to listen to you, so could I.” * # * # 一Knatz thinks Watertown ought to be called Pittsburg.

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—First Parmer: “That hired man of mine is so lazy I had to buy an alarm clock to get him up in the morning.” Second Farmer: “Did it wake him?” First Farmer: “You bet it did, but I had to throw it at him.” —Magd (den Hund rufend:) “Kules. Kules!” Dame: “Aber, Marie, warum rufst du clenn den Hund immer Kules. Er lieisst ja Herkules.” Magd (entriistet:) “Ich werde doch zu solchem unvernunftigen Tiere nicht Herr sagen.”一Ex. 眷

称

—Lady (passenger oil an ocean vessel:) “Oh, captain, how far are we from land?” Captain: “About two miles.” Lady: “Which way?” Captain: “Straight down.” —Joine: “Didn’t I tell you to notice when that glue boiled over?” Apprentice: “I did, sir, it was eleven o’clock.” —“Tlie dentist should make a good soldier.” *«Why so?” “He’s driling all the time.” 本

’ *

本

—Prof.: “Sobald der Chuck etwas weiss, shreit er in die Klasse hinein, ohne ein Wort zu sagen.” »

本專

—“All right behind there?” Called the conductor from the front of the car. “Hold on,” cried a shrill voice. “Wait till I get my clothes on!” The passengers craned their necks. A small boy was strugg ling to get a basket of laundry aboard.” 一Mary: **Johnny, why are you feeding your chickens with hot water?” Johnny: “So they’ll lay boiled eggs.” ♦

本本

—Judge: “Did you say that Mr. Brown does not know any more than your cat?” Accused: “That isn’t so. I said my cat knows more than lie. Pertaining to catching of mice he does not come up to her.” 丰本本

Goldstein: *'Itzig, der Junge hat gebracht die Zensur. Es steh.t darauf: S. S. Das lieisst doch: Sehr zufrieden!” Itzig: “Unsinn, zufrieden wird geschrieben mit Z. Es wird heissen: So siemlich.M

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—Physician: Well, my friend, how are you?” Farmer: “I won’t say anything, you might charge to much.” —Der Begeisterte. “Hier oben auf der Bergeshoh1 Da lebt man gar nicht teuer, Denn frische Luft und Sonnenschein Bezahlen keine Steuer! —Der Niichterne. “Da hast du recht, mein lieber Freund: Doch zahlten sie auch Steuer, Wenn man von beiden leben konnt’， WSr’s unten auch nicht teuer!”

—Stritt.

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Football-Basket Ball Base Ball equipment Sweaters-Skates-Jerseys

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Literary:

German Militarism________________ 175 178 Seine Freihcit__________ ________ _ Einiges ueber Hagen im Nieheluiigcn* Hcd........................................................... 179 B litorials: 184 Give Thanks'. The Spectator 18;> 167 Collcge Notes, 18S Aus dem Seminar ........ 180 Exchanges----De Rebus Omnibus: Mexico Bulgaria Enters

193 ...194

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CHRISTMAS BELLS.

Hark! Through the silent air of night Come the sounds of distant bells, B. .ing all the hills and dells With the sweetest harmony. How they blend in sweetest tones! IIow their happy, joyful ringing Seems like angels’ voices singing Praises to the Lord on High. How the bells themselves seem joyful, IIow they send their happiest tones, Telling man that God condones All his sins in Christ, His son. How they seem to vie in praising God’s great mercy toward all, That He wants not man to fall, But to live through His good will. Hark! The bells have ceased their ringing; Silent is the night once more. But they ’gain have preached their lore: Christ is come to earth to save.” I

THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., December, 1915.

Number 7

CHRISTMAS.

The most popular holiday of the year is, undoubtedly, Christ mas, with its mirth and song, gift-giving and merry-making. It has come to be recognized in the whole civilized world, and even many people who are altogether irreligious partake of many of its out ward customs. Christmas means Christ’s mass of holy day. Christmas tide extends from the twenty-fifth of December to the sixth of January. Like most other popular usages the exact course or this holiday cannot be traced. Long before a Christian festival is mentioned, people tried to determine the date of Christ’s birth. The Oriental Christians generally were of the opinion that both the birth and the baptism of Jesus took place on tlie sixth day of January. Julius I，Bishop of Rome, was the first to determine the twenty-fifth of December as Chrises birthday. The certainty of his view cannot be confirmed. The end of December was the height of the rainy season in Judea and therefore it is not very probable that sliepherds should be out on the field during that time. Many people believe that this date was chosen to displace the old festival of the Romans whicli they called Saturnalia, It was, like the Yule of northern people, a festival of rejoicing that the year had turned from death of winter to the life of spring, the winter solstice. But the Roman Saturnalia were celebrated form the Beventeentli to the nineteenth of December, and even in later

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years, when they were extended to seven days, they lasted only only till the twenty-third. So this cannot have been the reason for choosing the twenty-fifth. Nevertheless, it was adopted and afforded a welcome substitute to various nations who had such a festival at the winter solstice. In Rome it was celebrated for the first time not later than the year 335, and thence it spead to the Orient. The Roman church, finding the celebration of the winter solstice deeply intrenched in popular esteem, wisely adopted it and at the same time altered it in intention and observance. It should signify especially Christian joy in the rise of the Sun of Righteousness with universal life and warmth which the feast set forth. On Christmas day the Pope is expected to say three masses, at midnight, at daybreak and in the morning, and the "Gloria in excelsis,” which had been silent during Advent, is again sung. The ceremonies at Christmas are a mixture of Pagan and Christian elements, and many of them were conducive to disorder and immorality. Thus in England they had the Lord of Misrule and in Scotland an Abbot of Unreason to superintend and plan the revels. The sport was continued from All-Haiiow Eve until Candlemas day on a Sabbath, which was preceded by a night of vigil. Hence the German name Weihnachten.” On this d ay it was the custom to lay a log of wood upon the fire which they termed a Yule Log or Christmas Block, and to amuse themselves with various games. The favorite dish was a boar’s head with an apple or orange in its mouth, trimmed with rosemary, plum pudding and mince pies. In Germany and France it was customary to have sacred plays in which the scenes attendant upon the birth of Christ were en acted. At first they were Latin and followed the scriptural story as narrated in the legends. Later comic sections were introduced in the vernacular, and finally the whole play was in the language of the country. The earliest performers were the clergy and the place of enactment the church and church yard; later they took place in the public square. # In the Christmas tree laden with gifts we still have relics of the symbols by which our heathen forefathers signified their faith in the power of the returning sun to clothe the earth again with green and hang new fruits on the trees. The first one is supposed to have been relied by Winfried Bonifacius in the year 772. In his endeavor to convert the Germans lie had cut down their sacred oak tree. Then, as his eyes fell upon a young fir-tree, standing straight and green, with its top toward the stars, bade them take it home as the sign of their new worship. The candles are to symbolize Christ as the true light of the World and the presents should be a reminder of the unspeakable gift of God.

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THE BLACK AND RED. Chlodeyecli.

Wie viele deutsclie Stamme, so wurden aucli die Fran ken durch die Volkerwanderung in den Vordergrund geschoben. Um die Mitte des funften Jahrliunderts erstreckte sich ihr Gebiet von der Lahnund Moselgegend an beiden Seiten des Rheines bis zur Rheinmiindung hinab. Das Frankenreicli wurde von zahlreichen Stammeskonigen, die sich fortwahrend gegenseitig bekriegten, beherrscht. Sie verbanden sich nur dann, wenn ihnen aussere Gefahr drohte. Der erste bedeutende Frankenkonig, von dem wir wissen, dass er ein starkes Reich gegriindet hat, war Merowech, daher das Haus der Merowinger. Doch gelang es ihm nicht, die Franken zu einigen, erst sein Enkel Chlodevech fuhrte die Plane seines Grossvaters aus. Chlodeveh war der Sohn Cliilderichs und Basinas. Childerich war um das Jahr 450 Konig iiber die Franken, aber er war ein ausserst grausiamer und unsittliclier Mensch. Er bedruckte seine Untertanen so sehr, dass sie ihn vom Throne stiessen and aus dem Lande yerbannten. Childerich nahm dann Zuflucht zu dem Konig der Thliringer. Dieser nahm ihn anch auf and behandelte ihn fiirstlich. Acht Jalire brachte Childerich als Gastfreund bei ihm zu. Wahrend dieser konigslosen sclireckliclien Zeit, die an das InterÂ regnum des deutsclien Reiches erinnert, merkten die Franken endlich, dass sie ohne Konig nicht bestehen konnten. Sie riefen deswegen Childerich. zuruck und gaben ihm mit grossen Ehren das Scepter wieder in die Hand. Er brachte Basina, eine Prinzessin aus Thuringen, die eine Christin war, mit sich zuruck und vermahlte sich mit ilir. Sie iibte einen nicht geriugen Einfluss auf ihn aus, und er liess nach und nach von semen vormaligen Lastern und Grausamkeiten ab. Um das Jalir 456 entspross dieser Ehe der erste Sohn, Chlodevech. Schon im Jalire 481, gleich nach dem Tode seines Vaters, wurde Chlodevech. von den Franken auf den Schild gelioben und so zum Konig erklart. Er hatte zwar nur das Alter von fiinfzehn Jahren erreicht, zeigte aber clennoch Falligkeiten,das Voik zu regieren. Sein einziger Plan schon zu dieser Zeit war der seines Grossvaters, namlich die Franken ganz unabhangig und wenn moglich zu Herrschern der Welt zu machen. Infolgedessen fuhrte er eine Eroberungspolitik ein. Er fing an diese auszufiihren, in dem er den Rest des westromDer ischen Galliens, wo Syagrius Staathalter war, angriff. andere Teil Galliens war namlich schon von Childerich den Rornern entrissen worden. Syagrius konnte der Maclit Chlodevechâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nicht wiederstehen und wurde in kurzer Zeit beseigt. Sein ganzes Herr wurde aufgerieben. Er selbst kam kaum mit dem Leben davon und floh zu den Westgoten. Aber er sollte nicht lange dort bleiben, denn Chlodevech. forderte ihn von denselben, und sie kamen seiner Forderung nach. Nun wurde er hingericlitet, seine Giiter zog Chloi:

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devech an sich, er vertrieb die Verwaiter, die Syagrius iiber dieselben gesetzt hatte und verteilte sie unter seine eigenen Freunde, damit ihm von der Seite aus keine Gefahr drohe. Dieser Sieg brachte das einzige noch unabhangige Volk Galliens unter die Herrschaft der Franken, und Chlodevech konnte sich Alleinherrscher * Galliens nennen. Zu dieser Zeit war Chlodevech noch Heide, zeigte al>er auf mancherlei Weise eine Neigung zum Christentum. In Kriegszeiten wurde natlirlich kein Unterscheid zwischen Privat- und Kircheneigentum gemaclit, eins wie das andere wurde ausgeplundert, und zerstort, denn der Krieg musste clen Krieg ernahren. Dennoch hat Chlodevech manchen der Kirclie zugefiigten Schaden wleder gut gemacht. Er wusste, class die Kirclie ihm grossen Nutzen bringen konnte, wenn er sie fur sicli gewonne. Er scheute sich auch nicht, diese Neigung kundzugeben. So wii.d erzahlt, dass einst bei der Einnalime einer Stadt ein sehr Icostbares Gerat gestolilen wurde. Der Bischof der Gcmeinde bat Chlodevech dringend ihm dasselbe 、 zuriickzugeben.. Chlotlovech wusste, class er es nicht einfach be fell len cliirfe, denn das hatte bei vielen seiner Kriegr Anstoss gegebeii. Deswegen bat or bei der Verteilung der Beute jenes Gerat fiir sicli aus. Schliesslich, aber nicht ohne Widerspruch, wurde es ' ihm gewiihrt, und er gab es dem Bischof, aus dessen Kirche es geraubt worden war, zuriick. Mit der Zeit beschrilnkte Chlodevech sich nicht nur auf diese kleinen Liebesdienste, sondern handelte immer mehr zu Gunsten der Kirche. Wohl der bedeutendsle Schritt in dieser Hinsicht, war ,(ler, dass er sich mit Chrodecliilde, einer katholischen Prinzessin aus Burgund vermilhlte. Es ist ja moglich, class er diess aus rein politischen Griinden tat, aber wie dem auch sie, wie einst seine Mutter auf Childerich, so hatte jetzfc Chrodochilde grossen Einfluss auf ihn. Und ihr Einfluss beschrankte sich nicht nur auf den Familienkreis, sondern ihr Lebeu and Wirken rief auch bei dem Volke Vei.wuiulei.img und Ilochachtung hervor, und so gewann Chlodevech an Ansehen und I-Iochschiitzung. Er muss seine Gattin unbedingt geliebt und geelirt haben, denn als sie ihm ein Kind gebar, (las kranklicli war, und glaubte, dass es, wenn es die Taufe erhalten wlirde, eher am Leben bleiben konnte, gestattete er ihr, es taufen zu lassen. Ja, Chlodevech wohnte sogar selbst der Hand.、lung bei. Aber trotz der Taufe und dem inbrunstigen Beten der Mutter starb das Kind. Man hat wohl Ursaclie zu glauben, dass dies auf einen Heiden grossen Eindruck ausiiben wurde, aber Chlode vech legte nicht viel Gewicht darauf, sondern als ein zweites Kind ■美 zur Welt kam, erlaubte er wieder, dasselbe zu taufen. Der Hauptgrund, weshalb er so handelte wii.d wohl folgender sein. Ein grosserer Tell des Volkes war christlich, und er wusste, dass es in Zukunft auch einen christlichen Herrscher verlangen werde. Aber er selbst wollte sicli nicht zum Christen turn bekehren. Wenn er •

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nun seinen Solin als Christen erziehe, folge von selbst dem heidnischen ein cliristliclier Konig. Aber dennocli sollte Chlodevech Christ werden. Er fiihrte emen Krieg gegen die Alemannen. Eine Entscheidungsschlaclit war im Gange, und der Sieg schwankte. Da tat er ein Geliibde, dass er seine alten Gotter fiir den Gott der Christen umtauschen wiirde, sollte sicli letzterer stakerer erweisen und ihm den Sieg geben. Nocli lange war der Sieg zweifelliaft, aber endlicli errang ihn Chlodevech. Er hielt sein Versprechen und liess sicli zusammen mit dreitausend Franken taufen. Die Handlung wurde zu Weihnachten mit yiel Prunk und Feierlichkeit von Remigius von Rheims, dem hervorragendsten Biscliof des Frankenreiches, vollzogen. Alle bedeutenden Biscliofe sowolil des Frankenreiches als auch Burgunds waren. bei diesem Feste zugegen. Aber trotz allem auseren Schein, schaffte die Bekelirung Chlodeveclis keine Veranderung in seinem Charakter. Er blieb gerade so grausam, “gottlos” und leidensschaftlich. wie vorher. So liat er zum Beispiel nacli seiner Bekehrung Taten verubt, die klar darauf liinweisen, dass von der wahren Christenlehre wenig haften geblieben war. Er reizte seinen Verwandten, Siegried von Koln, an seinen eigenen Vater zu ermorden. Auch trieb er die Mannen Ragnachars von Cambrai an, iliren rechtmassigen Herrn zu verlassen und ihm zu dienen. Ja er erschlug sogar Ragnachar mit eigener Hand. t)ber die lezten vier Jahre der Regierung Clilodevechs berichtet uns die Geschichte nichts. Das letzte, das wir von ihm horen, ist, dass er in der Schlaclit bei Voullon im Jahre 507 von den Westgoten, welche Ibbas, ein Fiihrer Theodericlis, leitete, besiegt wurde. Das Ende dieses Krieges war, dass das strittige Land zwischen Chlodevech und Theoderich geteilt wurde. Chlodevech erliielt den Teil, der nordlich von der Garonne liegt, Theoderich aber nalim die Pro vence fur sicli. Chlodevech konnte also auf grosse Erfolge zuriickblicken, denn er begann als frankischer Teilfiirst und endigte als alleiniger Konig. Er starb im Jahre 511 im Alter von 55 Jahren. W. B, ’17.

A TALE OF CHRISTMAS WOE AjStD JOY. It came like a stroke of lightning out of the blue syk. The “it” was a notice posted on the bulletin-board of Nescius Brutus Col lege* This note threw the entire student-body into a state of feverish joy, for by it, it was decreed that we should be released two days ere the day set for our liberation. And what was the reason? No one knew. Some said that the electric-liglit bill had reached the liigli water mark, and so as not to cause a deficit in tlie treasury, we were to be released two days earlier. Others again supported

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a more plausible theory. It was this: One of our fellow-students was about that time enjoying himself in our hospital with an attack of scarlet-fever. Now this infirmary lay due east of our dormitory, and for three days the vernal breeze of December had blown from that corner; so our faculty deduced (or rather may have) from these conditions that the breeze bearing infectious germs and bacilli might easily infect those sons of the muses residing in the dor mitory. And should they contract the disease and possibly suffer death, all science and learning would totter in its foundations, since its pillars were no more; therefore it would be most provi dent to grant a manumission to the slaves of learning. These and many other opinions were defended by us, or rather by the upper class-men, for we as Sextaners worried little as to how it came about, the main thing for us was the fact that we should see home and those halls of plentitude two days sooner. The good news had barely reached our ears when we set about packing our suit-cases, telescopes, etc. All day Thursday I packed my meagre wardrobe away and when evening drew nigli I was so fatigued from the strenuous work that I did not even remove my clothes, but went to sleep as I was attired. The next morning I awoke to the happy realization that it was the day we should leave for home. The first thought that flashed across my mma that morn ing was that I should purchase some loving presents for my dear brother and sister. So I set out for down-town. After much searching and pricing I finally came across a present that seemed to me the ideal gift for my sister. This was a sparkling diamond bracelet that I found in an out-of-the-way corner of the great Five and Ten Cent store. Oh, how my sister would be delighted with the gift. When I held it up in the sunlight the gems sparkled in all colors of the rainbow. How her chums would envy her! The next was a present for my brother Ted. Now he always had been an ardent member of the society for the prevention of useless giving; so the most natural thing was to Duy something useful for him. This I found in a gaudy-colored shirt I saw ad vertised at a bargain counter for forty-nine cents. It delighted me greatly to think of how thankful my brother would be toward me for buying him that. # And then there were father and mother. Their love I could not, I thought, requite with a mere trifle like a present. I had something better in store for them. For the last six weeks I had pored over five lines of Latin (gotten out of the book of a Senior) and had with much pain committed them to memory. On Christmas eve, I had planned, I would suddenly arise and take my stand be neath the Xmas tree and from there deliver those five lines of Latin (the meaning of which I knew not) in a manner that would make Old Cicero’s eyes cloud up with envy. This would

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THE BLACK AND RED.

prove to them that their money spent for my education had not been squandered, and would give them a vivid idea of the immense amount of learning I liad acquired during my one-semister sojourn at Nescius Brutus College. So after I had made the purchase I preceeded on to the railway station, although I had but eight block to walk and there was yet two hours* time ere the train was due. The thought of missing my train was uppermost in my mind all the way. In fact I hurried and ran as though it were a matter of life and death. When I got to tlie station and had purchased my ticket I sat there in the wait ing-room and waited for the train to come. The seconds dragged by like minutes and the minutes like hours and those two hours seemed a day to me then. Such was my feverish anxiety to get home. Finally the locomotive did whistle into the station and I board ed the train, in my joy, even before it came to a stop. Of the ride I remember little as I made up my mind to sleep, as soon as I was in my seat, so as to, get liome faster, as I thought. About four P. M. we drew into Ixonia, my home-town and at the same time metro polis of my home state. Everybody seemed to bid me welcome with a gracious smile as I walked the familiar streets. (Later I dis covered that they were in reality grinning at the grotesque sight I presented with my half-open telescope and my bundles.) After many stops at street corners interchanging the load from one arm to the other, I arrived at my home. We lived on the third floor of a flat at that time, so it took not a little effort for me to climb those stairs with all my excess baggage. At any rate I at last stood be fore tlie door of my parentee domicile. Putting on my grandest and heartiest smile, I rapped at the door. But no answer come, ain I rapped, this time louder and longer, yet no one answered, 'hen I began trying the lock and pressed my shoulders against the door, but it would not yield. By that time a door had opened across the way and there stood the stout person of an Irishwoman frowning at me in a threatening manner. “You little scamp, you,” she addressed me, “wliat do you mean by makin’ that racket out here in the hall, disturbin’ other people’s peace. Thar’e no one livin’ thai’e.” “Missus,” I rejoined, “I am looking for the home of Gottfried Blass. I thought they lived there. Can’t you tell me where they live now, if they moved away from liere?” “Bless me,” answered the old woman, “whut does sich a little imp want with a great speklator like Geofried Blass. Why young ster, that thare man—is lie your father? He is? Why Lord, bless you child! Your father has been speklating in money and land lately an’ all of once he went bankrit, yes, bankrit. He had lots of trubble an’ they threw him in prisen. That always comes from

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speklating, its just like a bird, if it flies too high fur its wings it will fall down. Yes, I always told them thet, but they wont listen to no old woman’s advice.” With the last words of this haranque still resounding in my ears, she banged the door before me. Heavy-hearted and at a loss what to do next, I again picked my way down the stairs. At the corner stood a burly policeman, and him I confronted next. “Officer, could you tell me where G. Blass lives. He，s my father, and I just got home from school, from college, you know, (when I said this he looked at me in a doubtful manner, very likely because of my diminuitive size) and I want to go to the place he now resides at. (I just learnt that word the day before school closed.) “No, kid! Don’t know no one by that name,” lie gruffly returned. Thereupon I thought it best to wend ray way back to the station, as it was the only place I could gain shelter, and night was drawing on. After I had safely stored my baggage beneath my seat I made myself as comfortable as I could and prepared to go to sleep. But sleep would not come. The same thoughts recurred again and again in my mind. Where could my folks be? What could have hap pened? Why did they move at all? And then I remembered that they had not written for two weeks. Surely something must have happened. But what? And I here all alone without friends in a large city. At the thought of my dark future I broke into tears. I must have cried for about an hour; for when I finally calmed my self and looked out of a window, night was already settling over the crowded populace. That made me feel all the worse and I again liad recourse to crying. While I was thus engaged, the door opened and into the room strode the burly policeman with whom I had talked before. In his eyes there was a glimmer of pity and com passion as he eyed me from top to bottom. Then snatching me by th e arm he said: Come along, youngster, we’ll find some lodgings for you.” Gladly I followed him as he led me through the streets to head quarters, as I had guessed. On the way the thought of the presents in the bundles the officer was carrying broke in upon me. What was all my anticipation, now that it was not realized! How my hopes had been shattered and my plans frustrated! And those pres ents for my brother and sister—I might never be able to give them to them. Presently I was disturbed in my thoughts by our arrival at the police station. There I was brought into a great room, magnificently furnished, which was, as I learned later, the night-court room. There sat a grave old gentleman behind a great oaken desk. Before him I was arraigned. He asked me many and various questions and then re quested me to tell him my story. I was just relating the incident

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with the Irish, woman, when there in the door-way stood my father. Immediately I broke away from the great oak desk and ran toward my father and embraced his knees (so tall I was.) ‘Why son,” said he, “wliat brings you into this room at this time? You ought to be at school as yet. School doesn’t close until to-morrow if I mistake not.” “Well, dad,” cried I in joy, “we let out a couple days sooner ana I came home and found the door locked and the old Irishwoman told me you had been speculating in lands and money and had been thown into prison for bankruptcy. And this policeman picked me up and said lie would find lodgings for me. But why did you move and why didn’t you write me about it clad?” “Tliat’s a long story, my son,” lie returned, but first lets get out of here, then I’ll tell you all about it.” On. the way home father told me all about it. He had, since financial circumstances permitted it,finally decided to purchase a house of liis own. After much searching lie found a suitable dwell ing and bought it. In family council it was decided then, that I should know nothing of this until I had come home. They wanted to meet me at tlie station and then lead me to our new home and surprise me. But all their plans were now come to naught or at least pretty well, because of the circumstances that we were dis missed from school two days before time.—And how lucky it was that father was in that same building that night. He had just been up to see his attorney concerning the closing of the deal. Had I not espied him at that moment I might have been taken to an or phanage or the like and naturally would have been lost to the world, in so far, that the world would have received no more benefit from my work, as it does now.

THE MASSACRE OF THE NIGHT OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW. :;

The accession of Charles IX. to the throne of France marks the beginning of hostilities between the two great political and religi ous parties, the Bourbons and the Guise. Up to 1570 three wars had been fought, and altho tlie Huguenots were to a great extent unfortunate, still at the treaty of Germain, the right of unmolested worship, the right to hold office, and four strongly fortified cities, was granted them. Outwardly there now was peace until 1572. The leader of the Huguenots, and the man who is to play such a great role in the two following years at tlie court of king Charles, was Coligny. He was a warrior, as well as a statesman. With un daunted courage lie faced his enemies in battle. As a prudent and skilful general he knew how to control his trops and gain their good will. And altho the tide of the battle turned against him often, he

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nevertheless labored with the same preciseness and ambition that marked his greatness, always confident that the Huguenots would triumph at last. Shortly after the conclusion of peace King Charles summoned Coligny to his court. His object in this was to bring about a recon ciliation between the two parties, and at the same time to endeavor to bring about the marriage of his sister Margaret of Valois and the Bourbon Henry of Navarra. To this Catherine de Medici, the mother of Charles IX., and in reality the chief executive of the government, (for every step taken by Charles was planned by his mother), gave her consent. She hoped that in brnging her son-in-law in contact with the gay life at court, she would be able to influence him more and more and then gradually subdue the Huguenots altogether. After much hesitation, but contrary to the wish of the people, Coligny exchanged his fortified city with the court of the king. Accompanied by fiftey of his nobles he arrived at Blois in Septem ber, 1571. The king held him in such esteem that on his arrival he embraced him and greeted him: “0 joy! that you are with me now, my father. Never shall you leave me. This is the happiest day of my life.” The king returned to him his former position at court, presented him with 100,000 Livres as war indemnity and even made him his private counselor and often sat up late at night and listened to plans of his prudent adviser. Coligny aroused his ardor so by the plans of a national war against Spain, that at once the king decided to have him invade Belgium at the head of a vast army. Thru Coligny he hoped to suppress all religious difference. Plans and arrangements for the campaing were made now. While this was in progress preparations were made for the wedding of Margaret of Valois and Henry of Navarra. Now a small incident occurred that led the suspicious Huguenots to believe that conditions at Paris were not safe. About a month before the mar riage, Johanna of Navarra, the mother of Henry, journeyed to Paris to buy the necessary apparel for her son. Shortly after she had re turned from the stores one day, she took ill suddenly and died within five days. It is said that she was poisoned from inhaling the odor of a pair of gloves, which were supposed to have been dipped in poison by the order of Catherine. The Huguenots were thunderstruck. All hands pointed to Catherine as the perpetrator. All trembled at the thought of the wedding, which was only suspended a few weeks. The date set for the wedding was rapidly approaching. Re peated invitations were sent out by the king to all the Huguenots, On the 20th of August, 1572, eight hundred noblemen headed by Conde* and Coligny responded to the courteous solicitation and en tered Paris. Again and again Coligny was warned by his suspicious friends to leave the city. But he left all warnings unheeded,

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trusting in his king, whom he knew to be the friend of the Hu guenots. Just at this moment the abominable Catherine returned from a visit to her sister. To see tliat obstinate Calvinist at court was to her a sight detestable, and the idea that this man should be the .king’s counselor and the chief Lord at court made her shiver and tremble with. rage. This man was about to make war on Spain? How will it end? Then Catherine, whose political principles were selfishness and whose fundamental plan was to elevate the royal power at all cost, contrived a plot, so that the influence of Coligny :would cease to exist forever. Therefore she united with the Guise, \ who were to carry out her plot. The celebration of the wedding was in full sway and lasted ,from the 18th to the 21st. Balls were held, tournaments fought, plays staged. All were merry and happy and enjoyed the amusements. All were partakers of the sports, but two, Coligny and ' v Catherine. He thouglit of war and victories—she of murder. On the morning of the 22d of August, while Coligny was re turning from the Louvre with a few companions and deeply inter ested in tlie reading of a paper, a bullet shot from a neighboring house tore of his finger and pierced his left arm. He did not lose liis presence of mind and ordered the house to be searched at once, but the would-be assassin escaped. Coligny complained to the king, who ordered a thoro investi gation at once and swore that the malefactor should be hanged. Then botli engaged in a friendly conversation, talked of the future ；' war and the victories of their soldiers. Coligny had but left a few moments, when Catherine, whose first plot of murder proved unsuccessful, came to the king and forced him to tell her wliat liis adviser had confided to him. En raged at her inquisitiveness, the king answered: “He told me, and j that justly, that you are trying to rule the state, and he admonished me to reign according to my own opinions.” These few words incited Catherine to instant action. Imme/ i diately she gathered some of her followers and explained to them .；ij the actions of Coligny. All agreed with lier that Coligny must be got rid of as quickly as possible. All that was necessary was the consent of the king, and the mur derers could commit their heinous crime. This was not easy to ob tain, for Coligny was tlie best friend of the king. But Catherine 'h went about it in a sly way. First she explained to him what bad Coligny had on France, the Catholics were enraged at his I influence actions and were already planning to dethrone their king, if lie acted in accordance with the counsel of the Huguenots any longer. Only his signature to the death warrant of Coligny could establish, a friendly relation between liis Catliolic subjects and himself. The king protested violently and would not lend an ear to lier

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talk. Then she took other measures and played on his pride. She called him a coward. This he could not bear. His pride was hurt and lie was won. He worked himself into such a state of wrath and hatred against the Protestants that he was not only satisfied with the death of Coligny, but demanded the extermination of all the Huguenots in France. The massacre was to take place that very night. Different sections of the city were divided among certain leaders, who should see to it that no lives were spared. The sign of the Catholics should be a white cloth around the arm and a white cross on the hat. With the ringing of the bell at twelve o’clock the butchering should com mence. And then came that terrible night of the 23d of August, known as the night of St. Bartholomews. The streets of the city instead of becoming empty and quiet, began to be filled with people. This augmented the fear of the Protestants. Coligny asked the king the cause of this commotion and was told he should rest assured things are arranged for their protection. The clock was swiftly nearing twelve. Henry of Guise and three hundred soldiers were already stationed at the house of Coligny, awaiting the sound of the bell. The king and Catherine were standing in the Louvre. The former suffering from the pangs of conscience shivered as from frost. Now the clock struck twelve. Ominously the solemn tones of the bell rang out over the city. It was the signal for a carnival of blood. The first victim to fall was Coligny. With the first tap of thf bell his enemies rushed into his house. One of Coligny’s friendi hurried into the general's bed-chamber and exclaimed: “The Lore calleth us.” Coligny dressed himself quickly, ordered his servants to flee, and awaited the murderers with calmness. Soon they came upstairs, broke into his room and one yelled: “Is it you, Coligny?” “it is I,” was they reply. “Respect my gray hairs.” A stab thru the abdomen was the answer to his plea. Others shot their pistols at him, took his body and threw it out of the window. Then they cut off the head and sent it to the king. This was the beginning. Spare no Huguenots, was their motto. As if possessed by the devil and deprived of all thier senses, the blood-thirsty multitude ransacked the city like a horde of savages. Houses were searched from top to bottom. Escape was very nigh impossible. Even women and children took part in these atrocities. When the plunderers grew lax, they were spurred on by their leaders. The whole town was a scene of murder. Poor innocent babes were torn from their mothers’ arms an dashed against the walls. Other screaming infants were loaded on carts and thrown into the Seine. Here gray-headed fathers were beheaded, there brave men were helplessly tortured to death by school boys. Corpses were thrown from the windows and dragged about the streets. There seemed to be no end to the butchery. The king watched the pro-

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ceeding from his window and often shouted:

‘‘Shoot, shoot, they

The murder and bloodshed lasted three days, and in Paris alone tw0 thousand fell, victims to the insane hatred and fury of the Catholics. One man walked about with a bloody arm boasting that he had killed four hundred Huguenots. The only ones wno es caped were Conde and the King of Navarra, but only on the condi tion that they would turn Catholics. Finally they ransomed their lives by denying their religion. After the massacre Catherine went about the city and found great delight in viewing the corpses. She even langhed when she saw the dead bodies of her enemies. Both she and the king viewed the body ofColiging, as it was hanging on the gallows, after it had been dragged thru the city. When scentng the odor of the dead corpses, the king is supposed to have said: “A dead enemy always has a good smell.” In like manner the Huguenots were murdered all over the kingdom. Altogether about thirty thousand lost their life. But we have to laud the nobleness of many mayors who did not obey the king’s decree. And what was the effect of this dire deed? The death, blow that was dealt the Huguenots need not be discussed. Their hope to conquer a Roman country and make it Protestant was shattered to pieces. For a long while to come the Protestants were an insignificant minority. But the Catholics can not wipe out the stain it made on their name. They can not deny the deed. They were the instigators, they were the perpetrators. It will always remain a dark spot in the history of France and the Catholic church. Who should take the responsibility? Guise, altho lie had been the chief instrument in carrying out the plot, was unwilling to as sume the ignominy attached to it. Therefore Catherine induced her son to acknowledge before parliament his sole responsibility for the deed. Very reluctant at first, he finally took a fiendish de light in the proceeding. But whatever the other factors may liave been Catherine’s imperative will and his own natural weakness leave little room for doubt as to the actual responsibility.

A STOCKING TALE. Mutson College had hard luck this year. Not that they didn't win, but that just before their big game five men had been hurt in a miserable scrimmage. To make things worse, two men were declared ineligible because of scholastic difficulties. Thus the coach, had to substitute seven men against the school that was their great-

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est rival for years. The coach was at a loss what to do. Without these seven men, his list of substitutes was reduced to three men, and only one of these was a line man. The latest report of the trainer showed that the return of the five injured men was imprac足 ticable and impossible. The faculty was implacable. He could not induce them to permit the two men whom they had banished from the field to take part in the game. Miserable and hopeless, he awaited the day of the game. He could depend on his team as he had rebuilt it, but what in case of another injury that would make another substitute necessary? His two backfield substitutes were reliable, but, his line! One man he had, and such a man! Axel was the only man. He was a man in the full sense of the word if brawn and muscle are all the requisites of a man. He was truly a monster. Such statuesque arms and such massive legs had never donned a foot-ball suit before. His neck could have vied with that of Hercules; his hands were as big as plates and as powerful as a vise. Every muscle showed that almost superhuman strength dwelt in that man. The coach had found him at a logging camp, where he was used to load logs onto cars and serve as a wrecking crane when the four-wheeled, rusty and creaking logging engine would in conformity with its frequent whims hop the track. The coach was favorably impressed and induced him to attend school. But here the disappointment was great. Munificently as he had been endowed physically, so completely had he been neglected men足 tally. The simplest things were beyond the reach or his compre足 hension. The signals, the plays, in short, everything was an enigma to him, something for which he could not see the reason, the object nor the mode of execution. He stood bewildered amongst all the hustle and bustle of the game like a stray sheep in a thunderstorm. Explanations, expostulations, increpations, nothing would help, nothing could instill into his brain, even the seminal parts of the game. After a week of drilling and pounding and hammering away in hopes that a faint drop of foot-ball insight would trickle to the brain through an undiscovered fissure in this seemingly impermeable skull, the coach forsook all hope. Axel had not even learned to get down on his hands as a player must in order to charge. He could not muster enough understanding to grasp even this rudiment of rudiments in foot-ball. So he had been relegated to the side lines and stayed there throughout the season, until now it seemed as though he would have to be put in. Most of the students of Mutson had given up all hope of winning the big game if Axel would be put in. Too bad, some thought, that there is no such thing as an intercollegiate potato race, with tomb足 stones and boilers as potatoes. Axel would surely win. Some were a little sanguine when they remembered the tales that had been told of him before he came to school, such as the following: a steam roller had run into him and had to be sold as scrapiron; a runaway

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horse had run into his elbow and fell down dead. In all these in cidents Axel always cam© out uninjured and always had the better of it, and a possibility remained that he would have the same good fortune in a game. Axel was on the side lines all season, always there but never called upon. He would follow up the team and try with all the gifts which lie had to get insight into some of the unfathomable depths of foot-ball knowledge. But in vain. He was always a sadder man when he left the field, but never once a wiser one. While following the team night after night, some players no ticed that one stocking o( Axel’s 'jliad constant inclinations to loosen itself from tis fastenings and fall over the shoe. Axel would replace it every three minutes. (We do not asseverate that it was exactly three minutes; some say that it was more, some, less; suf fice it to say that it was replaced at regular intervals.) The refrac tory stocking would do so again, and the ever patient Axel would replace it. This became almost a second nature to Axel as time wore on, and nobody noticed it any longer. The great game was finally called. The crowd was immense; the cheering wild; enthusiasm welled from side to side. The coach sat on the side line nervously biting his fingernails; the team like wise was very nervous; only Axel was as stolid and placid as usual, only that at times a light of wonder would sliine in his eyes at the unusual activity and bustle. The game started. Muston played gamely, desperately. The first quarter was practically even; likewise, the second. Neither team could do much, to its opponent. The third quarter brought a lucky fumble for Mutson. The Mutson end picked up a punt which the opponents safetyfailed to hold and sped over the opponents goal. Mutson rooters nearly went wild. The game continued; the third quarter left the score in favor of Mutson; the fourth quar ter started and the game continued, but neither side had any advan tage. The first minutes of play were up and a punt had placed the ball on the opponents ten yard line in their possession. Another scrimmage, the whistle blew,—Mutson’s center was injured and had to be taken from the game. A groan went up from the Mutson stand. The worst had hap pened: Axel had to be sent in. Hope was fast leaving the hearts of the Mutson rooters when it had occupied so rosy a place but shortly before. The coach languidly and hopelessly told Axel to play in the injured centers place. That the game was now lost, was beyond all question. The next few plays justified their worst fears. Play after play was directed over the helpless Axel. A veritable march to victory over the unfortunate giant. But two minutes of play were left; the opponents were steadily nearing the prized goal. Only luck could prevent their touch-down, which would force the long sought

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victory out of Mutson’s reach and compel them to be satisfied with a tie game with a school that had beaten them for the last three years. Tlie opponents were on the ten yard line by this time. Again the play went over Axel and again and then once more. But one yard separated the exultant opponent from the coveted line. The moment was tense; not a sound was heard from either stand; tormenting abeyance held Mutson’s rooting; uncertain and still certain joy held the visitors in silence. Again the quarter back called the signals, the players got ready to charge, all but Axel. Suddenly Axel bent down. What was the matter! Did he finally, at the last moment see into this part of the game? The coach scarce believed his eyes; he looked once more,—surely, Axel was bending down! Luck was with Mutson. For just when the play was called, the time alloted the stocking to hang over the shoe was over. Axel bent down to pull it back. Just as he had his big shoulders square ly against the other line in the action of replacing his contumacious stocking, the play was off. The full-back crashed through the line, squarely into Axel’s immovable form. The poor fellow might as well have tried to smash through the walls of Jerusalem as try to get past Axel, whom ten men could not have moved while he was in this position. Axel is forgotten at Mutson, but his stocking, huge and torn, is hanging in an honored spot in one of the Mutson buildings, to honor the fact that it had won the greatest game for Mutson.

—Ther is no werkman whatever he be That may both werken well and hastily; This wol be done at leisure partfitly.

—Truth is highest thing that men may keep.

—Chaucer.

—Chaucer. :

一A man by nothing is so well betrayed as by his manners. —Spencer. •i

—They are never alone that are accompanied by good thoughts. —Sidney. 一Full wise be he that can himselven knowe. —Chaucer.

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Znr Jahreswende.

Blickst, Leser, du aufs alte Jahr zuriick, Und denkst einmal an all die Freudentage, Wo dein entziicktes Herz yerscheucht die Klage Nur Raum liess fur des kurzen Lebens Gliick. Und tauchen dann die Sorgenstunden auf, Die das verflossâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ne Jahr auch mit sicli brachte, Da dich ein Unglucksfall wohl traurig machte, So hat doch Gott gefuhret deinen Lauf. Nun stehst du an des neuen Jahres Tiir, Mit banger Sehnsucht schaust du in die Feme, Die Zukunft mochfst erkennen unr zu gerne Doch schwarz und dunkel liegt sie da vor dir.

Sei nicht so traurig, sorge nicht um dich! Du kannst das Schicksal docli nicht von dir wenden, Und Rosen wird es sicherlich dir spenden, Brtrage auch den scharfen Dornenstich! Zum Himmel sende du dein Dankeslied, So oft du frohe Stunden darfst erleben; Doch bitte Gott, wenn Sorgen dich umgeben, Er wird gern starken Herz und dein Gemut. G. J. S.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Studenta of the Northwestern College.

EDITORIAL STAFF ADELBERT F. WESTENDORF

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BUSINESS MANAGERS PAUL G. EICKMANN *\6 WALTER W. SPRENGELER *\6

GER

DEPARTMENT EDITORS HENRYJ. BRANDT M6 • • HELMUTH W. SCHAEFER M7 GERTRUDE M. SCHLUETER 916 ELMER C, KIESSLING M 7 • OTTO C, KLAYE M3 . GUSTAV J. SCHLEGEL M7 •

EXCHANGES ATHLETICS DE REBUS OMNIBUS COLLEGE NOTES LOCALS CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to the Lilcrary Department arc requested from AlXimnr ana undergraduates. AH literary matter should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chici and all business communications to the Buslnesa Manager. The tcrm.n of subscriptions arc { Dollar per annum, payable In advance. Single copies, I 5 cents# StAaioa not acccotcd in oavment. Notifv us if voxs wish your address changed or your paper dUcontlnucd. Advertising rates furnished upon application. The Black and Red h forwarded to all subscribers until order for Ita discontinuance U received or the 月ub acribcr Is more than one year in arrears. Entertd at the Poatofficc of Watertown, Wis., as second-claw matter.

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THE BLACK AIO) RED, WHO，S WHO.

At the close of each year the great acts of men are reviewed. The successful business-man, the eminent scientist, the great diplo mat, great generals, great athletes, in fine, everyone that has turned the eyes of the world upon himself by some deed or by his success is reviewed. Their acts and achievements are praised; they are the men that make history, the men that deserve the esteem of the contemporaries; without them the world would not have progress ed; they are “who.” These men deserve praise. Their success was not mere chance, but rather the result of work. They have helped their fellowcitizens and given posterity their shoulders to rest upon, Their energy, perseverence and love of work certainly are meritorious. They should serve as a pattern for others to emulate, as far as these characteristics are concerned. But these are not the only men who are “who.” Not only the man that lias by virtue of his superior talent accomplished wonders or turned public adoration upon himself through a marvelous feat is “who.” It is much more the man that can persevere in work without a noticeable success, the man that can fight his way through failure and still hope that the world needs him. The man that can conscientiously say that he has earnestly striven to do his duty, that he has tried to seek his neighbor’s good, that lie lias tried to live in accordance with the commandments of his God,—he is the man that betters the world. Not tlie one that is spurred on to more exertion by unparalleled success, but the one that can endure hard ships and adversities and still continue to seek his neighbor’s weal and God’s glory without a murmur of dissatisfaction is the man the world must have. He is “who.”

CHRISTMAS SONGS. Nothing tends to bring the Christmas spirit into one’s heart as do Christmas songs, those old simple songs that portray Christ’s birth and God’s love in language so simple and so easily under stood. Every child can grasp the gospel of Christ’s coming to earth from these. The language is beautiful despite its simplicity, the simple melodies must touch the heart of every one. Christmas and these songs _ are inseparable. Without them Christmas does not seem to be the season of joy that it should be. They bring the peace of the Christmas message to everyone in a manner that must bring echoes of happiness from everyone. # Try to sing one of these songs if you feel that the spirit of Christmas has not entered your heart. Sing just one and discover

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yourself once more a child, a simple child that believes with im plicit faith all that is contained in such a song. Be a child once more with your song, the child that knows not grief or sorrow, but is happy because Jesus was born on Christmas day for all men. Sing a Christmas song as you used to sing it with your mother, and all the loved and affection you have received in those days will crowd themselves into your memories and awaken the consciousness of God’s deep love. Out of these memories the Christmas spirit will be born, and you will once more fee】 that “peace on earth, good-will to men” was intended also for you. —He is at no end of liis actions blest, Whose ends will make him greatest and not best. —Chapman. 一No pleasure is comparable to standing on the vantage ground of truth. —Bacon. —Patience is a necessary ingredient of genius.

—Disraeli.

一The secret of success is constancy of purpose.

—Disraeli.

一Discontent is the want of self-reliance; it is the infirmity 一Emerson. of will. —Let no act be done at haphazard, nor otherwise than accord一M. Aurelius. ing to the finished rules that govern its kind.

丨 !

—A man should be upright, not be kept upright. —M. Aurelius.

—-Goodness does not consist in greatness, but greatness in good—Athenius. ness. —Evil is wrought by want of thought As well as want of heart.

―Hood.

COLLEGE M©¥ESd

THE LITERARY SOCIETY.

w. if! ：!：：

With the advent of the winter the season of our Literary So cieties is about to begin again. Everything points to success, as both the Lyceum and the Philomathean have a large membership of capable and experienced men. The first program was set on the evening of the fifth of December by the Lyceum, but owing to short notice, not enough members could be obtained, and it was therefore decided that the Philomathean open the season’s series on the 12th of December. The program for this date, altlio not worked out in full as yet, will consist of seven speakers, including the opening ad dress by Pres. Westendorf, and two musical renderings by the college quartette and the Mandolin and Guitar Trio respectively. The program committees of the two societies arc composed of six men: W. Sprengler, H. Schaefer and J. Henning, or tlieLyceum, and C. Fuelling, A. Zeisler and E. Kiessling, of the Philomathean. It is expected tliat four debates will take place at different dates after Xmas, providing the enthusiasm does not wane. This is very unlikely, however, as there is a current rumor to the effect that the faculty will take a lively interest in our welfare this year by sending one or two of its members to every meeting. If this is true, as it undoubtedly is, the students will naturally take much more interest in their work along these lines. They will feel that it has a real educational value for them, which can hardly be tlie case when they must needs be speakers, critics, and judges, all in one.

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Aus dem Seminar. Herr Klinkenberg, Student des theologischen Seminars in St. Louis, besuchte am 11. Nov., Herrn Behm. Am 14. Nov. besuchten Herr Pastor Sterz and Frau aus Watertown und die Fraulein Wanda und Edna Sterz aus Milwaukee, Herrn E. P. Sterz. Herr Wm. Buske aus Bay View, Wis., stattete am 21. Nov., Herrn W. Keibel einen freundlichen Besuch ab. Die Herren Lindloff, Wehauson, Sitz and Hartwig, verweilten am Danksagungstage bei Freunden and Bekannten in Watertown. Herr R. Penske reiste am 24. Nov. nach Hustisford, um Verwandte und Freunde zu besuchen. Die folgenden Herren: Huth, Sterz, Schumann, Koeniger, be suchten am Danksagungstage und bis zum folgenden Sonntage ihre Eltern in Watertown. Herr W. I-Iillmer reiste am 25. Nov. nach Red Wing, Minn. Der Ortspastor daselbst, Herr Pastor Baumann kann wegen eines Halsleiden sein Amt nicht verrichten. Herr Hillmer wird bis Neujahr Herrn Pastor Baumann’s Stelle vertreten. Aus Globe, Arizona berichtet Herr Nitz, dass er in seiner Schularbeit erfreulichen Erfolg hat. Moge der Herr die Arbeit Herrn Nitz’ an den armen Indianer weiter segnen. Am 14. Nov. stattete Herr F. Beyer aus Beaver Dam and Herr F. Lutzke and Frau aus Milwaukee, Herrn P. Lutzke einen freund lichen Besuch ab. Herr Student A. Schweppe von der Staatsuniversitat, besuchte am 25. Nov. seine alten Freunde und Klassengenossen. Am Danksagungstage besuchte Herr A. Koelpin seine Eltern in Oshkosh. Herr W. Hartwig predigte am 30. Nov. fiir Pastor Ph. Koehler in. Trenton. Der “Pleasure Bowling Club” hielt letzten Freitag wieder sein wochentliches Kegelfest ab. Herr H. Rosin ist Praeses und Herr H. Hoeneke ist Sekretar des wiirdigen Vereins. Vorgekommen in der Katechese: Dem Geschrei welches Vogels legt man eine Lehrer: besondere Bedeutung bei?” Stilles Schweigen seitens der Schuler. Der Lehrer antwortet schliesslich selber: “Dem Ge schrei der Eule. Habt ihr das noch nie geh6rt?” Unser Turnverein wahlte neulich. Herrn Sitz als Schatzmeister, da er letztes Jahr sein Amt so treulich verrichtet hat. Man beschloss auch, den ^Punching Bag” zu reparieren. Am 17. Dez. beginnt unsere Weinachtsverien.

■；

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Most editing staffs have again glided into the rut of college journalism in their November issues. The September and October issues with their contributions “On Outing,” “Vacation in the Rockies,” “Prospects,” and the like have disappeared and are suc ceeded ty a number contai ning essays, stories and editorials with deeper thought, comments on the realization of the auspicious prophecies of the foregoing month, or in short containing produc tions that portray concentrated effort. The athletic columns of al most all of the publications for this month present a wealth of material, usually a review of the games played, regrets ror lost, ex ultations on games won, prospects for the basketball season, and several contain cuts of their respective teams. Because the thoughtless throng of jovial students have during this month hastened out time and again as loyal supporters of their respective teams and thereby unconsciously aided the athletic editor and occasionally enriched tlie column of the ever-elert “Himior” editor with a bright observation, because of this we shall deign to overlook an occasional neglected column of a department editor who has not been quite so fortunate to have the aid of the fellow students, as have his aforementioned associate editors.

COLLEGE BREEZES. ；ji

One would infer from the simple but tasteful appearance of the '^College Breezes”（Gustavns Adolphus college, St. Peter, Minn.) that it is subject to a scrutinizing censorship before it is sent to

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the exchange editors. The appearance of the cover is changed from time to time, and never do we find printing mistakes or signs of careless proofreading in the body of the magazine. It is unfortunate, however, that the cover is of such light material. A heavier grade of cover paper would be a valuable addition to the outward appear ance of your magazine. Although one of the requisites of a college journal is a neat appearance, it is by no means the most important. On par with this is the arrangement. A magazine containing excellent material, but poorly arranged, casts some reflection upon the ability of the editors to manage the work that devolves upon them. We concede there is some material that can be placed under several columns according to the personal opinion of the editor. Two columns of this kind are “Locals” and “Editorials.” Material from the same theme can be found so as to belong to either column according to the viewpoint of the writer. Because of this fact many articles are interchanged that should not be interchanged, and are found under one caption, while the belong under the other. Of this the “College Breezes” is guilty to a slight degree. The extract “Gustavus Adolphus Commem orationM would be suited better for the “Locals. “Among the Alumni” also seems to have been misplaced. You have an Alumni column, why not place it there? But the editor's pessimistically disposed temperment receives a severe but delightful shock when we pass from this to examine the contents of the magazine from a literary point of view. The last but most important requirement of a successful journal has been complied with. On the first page of the literary column we find the President’s annual Thanksgiving Proclamation. The Proclamation, though in teresting in itself, would doubtfully be enjoyed by the reader, be cause the daily newspapers forestall the monthly magazine by pub lishing it possibly two or three weeks before it is seen in the monthly editions. A short poem might have expressed the same thought aijd have been of more interest to the reader. However, this is again only a matter of personal opinion, and if an editor wishes to intro duce his literary columns by a pithy and striking prose selection, he may do so without any serious objections on the part of a “hostile” exchange editor, but we merely tender this suggestion to show the brilliant opportunity you have to introduce poetry into your column. “Physical Education” contains truths as sound as the base of Gibralter, but these truths would have been appreciated more from a literary point of view had they been carried out farther. This topic is a question of utmost importance in all institutions of learn ing from the Universities to the Kindergarten and it would be well worth the space to treat it more exhaustively. The history of your city and its site, as shown in “A Brief His tory of St. Peter” is novel. Few cities in the United States have

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labored so conscienciously to gain recognition and failed because of chicanery as has St. Peter, but none have survived a death-blow as was dealt this city and again prospered. Your school is fortunate in being situated in a city with such a record. Only a wide-awake progressive spirit could be the foundation for such prosperity. The article is clothed in a fine style, and paragraphing especially has been well observed. Of your editorials one deserves special mention, “Are You Free or Slaves?” In this editorial the writer treats the well-known but readily forgotten fact that we though, free are subject to one master —habit. Even the college student who professes to be on the pinna cle of individualism is a slave to habit and probably in a higher degree than one of a different vocation. For this he can offer no excuse, because he especially should have learned that by doing this he is blunting his own God-given faculties and welding stronger servile chains that bind him to habit. The other departments are well edited, foremost is the athletic column. The athletic editor deserves honorable mention, for, al though the school does not participate in intercollegiate football, the editor has abundant interesting material for those who are interested in his column. On the whole, we always find your paper well edited and it is with, pleasure that we greet your visits.

Vi —Seven hours to law, to soothing slumber seven, —Jones. Ten to the world allot, and all to heaven. —Attempt the end and never stand in doubt; Nothing is so hard but search will find out.

—Herrick.

本本專

—Dare to be true; nothing can need a lie; A fault which needs it most grows two thereby.

—Herbert.

專專本

一Virtue is like a rich stone,一best plain set.

一Cleanness of body was ever deemed to proceed from a due —B&con. reverence to God. —Good company and good discourse are the very sinews of —Walton. virtue. —Defere not till tomorrow to be wise; Tomorrow’s run to thee may never rise.

一Bacon.

—Congreve.

AS^OTHEIRS

SEE

It is always of some benefit to discover what others think of you. For this reason a few of the comments taken from exchanges are printed in this column. The “Comenian，” Norwegian College, Bethlehem, Pa.: “Tlie Black and Red: ’’ As usual your paper presents a neat and finished appearance and contains excellent articles. However, the article, <4Russian Civilization,” presents rather a decided stand againt one of the belligerents for publication in a neutral country. It might be well, when speaking of the low status of Russian civil ization, to remember the example Russia set for the world in he edict soon after the declaration of hostilities, which forbade the manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquor in Russian territopr. “Cresset,” Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary, Red Wing, Minn.: “The Black and Red” from Watertown, Wis., is another of our early visitors. It is a neat looking, well organized paper, and from all appearances we may expect some very good things from it dur ing the coming year. The “Scout,” Park Region College, Fergus Falls, Minn.: RED AND BLACK—The “Red and Black” is among the first of the exchanges to reach us this year. The Literary department is fairly good, but I think you could improve the paper by having some more essays and stories. The essay on “Russian Civiliza tion” is very interesting. It compares Russian civilization with that of other nations and shows the consequences if Germany should loose in this great war; namely, that within another generation Prance and England would be at war with Russia to prevent her from conquering all of Europe and Asia. The “De Rebus Omnibus，’ department, treating of current events is an interesting depart ment. The Editorial, Exchange, Local, Athletic and Campus and Classroom departments are in able hands; but a few misprints in these departments show carelessness in proof-reading. “College Chips,” Luther College, Decorah, la.: The plain, but neat cover of the “Black and Red,” from North western College, Watertown, Wis., invites the reader to a closer inspection. There is very little in the September number which deserves other than favorable mention. As we have suggested before, the Literary department could be enlarged for the betterment of the paper. However, the material

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comprising this very important section of a college journal is of a higli standard. It is the duty of the student body to supply the needs of the Literary department, and failure to do so must, of course, place the editor in a dilemna, besides reflecting upon the students. “Russian Civilization” treats that subject on the basis of various facts that have thrown light upon it during the present war. The policy of right or wrong is argued as being of no consequence to Russia. The fact is also mentioned that it is very difficult to get first-hand information concerning the war, because reports go through the clearing house, so to speak, before reaching the public, whether they be pro-Ally or pro-German. The diction is good, with the exception of one sentence which is minus a predicate. “Undank 1st Nicht Immer der Welt Lohn” is a story of which a sliort synousis will be given, although it proably is a little beside the subject. The story centers about a maiden, Elsa, taken captive by Indians while massacring villagers in Maine who had taken refuge in a fort. She is to become the squaw of the chief, but, on account of disrespectful actions to him, she is doomed to be burnt at the stake. Then an old Indian recognizes in her his former nurse, when at one time he had suffered with a sprained ankle, and by his assistance she escapes. In escaping, she by chance meets per lover, an English, officer. Finally, refuge is taken in a neighboring fort, a force is sent to exterminate the warlike tribe, after which follows the marriage of the betrothed, their return to England, and the usual “lived happy ever afterward” conclusion. The story is very interesting. Its purpose is to show that ingratitude is not always the reward of the world. Because it is written in the Ger man language, we are not highly qualified to judge the diction. There are two editorials, “Welcome” and “Homesickness.” Both are to the point, timely, and the later may especially serve to relieve those who are attacked by the seemingly unbearable pangs of homesickness. Quite exhaustive comments are given in the Exchange department. Among the minor departments, we are especially pleased with that entitled Campus and Classroom, because the jokes therin have the rare quality of being of interest to all. “Lutheran Normal School Mirror/* Sioux Palls, S. D.: One of the very good papers that we receive is the “Black and Red,” from Northwestern College, Watertown, Wis. The Literary department of the September issue contains an interesting discussion of Russian Civilization and a story of moderate length. The Edi torials are, perhaps, short, but the topics are well chosen. The Col lege and Alumni Notes are well writen. Your Exchange depart ment is of rare excellence. General advice is so effectively brought in among the criticism of definite papers, that tlie whole can be of benefit to all school papers as well as to the specific ones commented on. This is a point where many exchange editors fail. In the crit-

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icism of a paper, one should have in mind the general welfare of all school papers, and so let his comments on a few papers serve as a basis for his discussion of papers as a whole. Careless, brief notes on a half dozen or, perhaps, a dozen different papers, are seldom of any benefit. It is better to criticise fewer papers, and give a more thorough, careful consideration to each. “De Rebus Omnibus” is an interesting department, uncommon to most papers. Your Athletics show that this is an important factor in your college activities. Your jokes are very entertaining. We rather like your novel idea of filling in spaces with quotations. Your cuts are good and your cover design very attractive. “Augsburg Echo,” Augsburg Sem., Minneapolis, Minn.: “Black and Red” has an article on “Russian Civilization.” It seems to be a rather onesided view of Russian civilization. There is great truth in what the writer brings forth, blit the good qualities of the Russians have been entirely ignored. “Campus and Class roomM shows the jovial side of college life. “M. H. Aerolith,” Mission House, Plymounth, Wis.: “The Black and Red.” You have quite an attractive cover on your September issue, but as the reader opens your neat little paper he misses the fly-leaf. Why not have one since it belongs there? The first article “Russian Civilization” is rather prejudiced, the young reader who is not well informed as to these different govern ments would receive the impression that the Russians were a kind of savages and nothing good in their government; that Russia is deficient in everything. Altho Russian Civilization is far behind that of other prominent nations, it has some good things which might receive mention. In writing such an article the light side as well as the dark must be taken into consideration. The German story entitled “Undank ist nicht immer der Welt Lohn„ has a good plot; it holds the attention of the reader to the end. Your paper as a whole is well balanced and is Interesting to almost everybody. <( The Spectator,” Capital University, Columbus, Ohio: We have beofe us the October issue of this classic little jour nal from Northwestern College, Watertown, Wis. It has a strong literary department and always finds a ready welcome on our table. Every department is well arranged and worth reading. The editorials are well written and are of general interest. In the editorial on Neutrality, the editor declares that it does not mean that our sympathies can not lean toward one side or the other. What he says is indeed true, tliat “It has become favorite among our people to proclaim any sympathy, especially such as favors the Germans, as un-American.” “Neutrality does not mean indiffer ence/* The other editorial is on “Indifference.” He points out the evils of indifference and shows how they must be met.

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The exchange department is interesting and we like to read it. It is the duty of every exchange editor to make liis department as interesting as possible so that it may be of interest to the entire student body. An unique column in your journal is De Rebus Omnibus. In this column the noted incidents of the day are treated. ^Prohibi tion in South Carolina” and “The Allies’ War Loan” are discussed in the present number. “Dubuque Student,” Dubuque German College, Dubuque, Iowa. We cannot pass by the September issue of the “Black and Red, (Watertown, Wisconsin) without making some comments. The magazine as a whole appealed to us, but we cannot agree with the writer of the article on “Russian Civilization.” The article shows either lack of information or else a good amount of misinformation on the subject. It is true that Russia is not up to the standard of other European nations, but it is not true, that the Russians are so degraded as this article would seem to show. Russian independence begins with, the defeat of the Tartars in 1481, at a time when Ger many, England, Prance and some of the other European countries had centuries of civilization behind them. Russia is the youngest of the great nations on the European Continent. As such it did not have as much time and opportunity for development as the other countries have had. But it is a known fact, that during the last fifteen or twenty years, Russia made greater progress than any other country in the world. Nation-wide prohibition of intoxicating liquors, which was brought about through the efforts of a man of the common people, is an achievement worthy of mention. As to the atrocities committed by the Russians in the present war, we do not believe, that they are any worse, than those committed by other participating nations. 一’T is greatly wise to talk with our past hours And ask them what report they bore to heaven.

—Young.

—The best doctors in this world are Doctor Diet, Doctor Quiet and Doctor Merryman. —Swift. —Chiefly the mould of a mail’s future is in his own hands. —Bacon. —The true way to be deceived is to think oneself more knowing than others. ―La Rochefoucald.

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. That the negro race is also capable of producing some eminent men was exemplified in the late Dr. Booker T. Wasiiington, the founder of Tuskegee Institute, who died Nov. 14th at about 56 years of age. He was born a slave during the civil war. When the slaves were set free he was still a young boy, utterly ignorant, but he had had a great desire to learn, and after working for a few years in the salt and coal mines of West Virginia, worked his way to Hamp足 den Institute, General Armstrong's school for colored boys. He gained admittance by showing how well he could sweep and dust a room and afterwards earned his way thru by doing janitor work. He had never known his father or his name, so when asked his name, he mentioned a name he liked and afterwards retained it. After three years he was graduated with the highest honors and later became a teacher in the industries of the school. General Armstrong selected him as teacher at a negro school in an out-ofthe-way town in Alabama. What he found there was anything but encouraging. He had to find his own pupils and teaca in an old shanty, but he went resolutely to work. To-day Tuskegee Institute is the largest negro school in the whole world with a whole village of buildngs, and a million and a half of property and about a thous足 and students, the result of twenty-four years of hard work, of en足 thusiasm, of energy, of business tact, of inspiration. He had his scholars build almost all the buildings themselves. The necessary funds he gathered by travelling thru the North and so he also gathered an extraordinary body of supporters and trustees. His wisdom, his shrewdness and eloquence won their admiring confi足 dence. Booker T. Washington was the leading negro of the country. One President after another made him advisor on negro matters. Lincoln had given them their freedom, but Booker T. Washington knew from sad experience how utterly incapable they were of using it and therefore it was his endeavor to teach them. The chief aim of

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his school is to send tlie students out into the world masters of a trade by which they can maintain tliemselves. He wanted to make contented, thrifty, independent citizens of them. His doctrine was an inch of production is better than a mile of complaint. He told them they would “make good” only by their own harcr work. He was honored with degrees from Harvard and Dartmouiith Colleges.

THRU PASSAGE OVER THE BALKAN.

The capture of Nisch, the strongly fortified capital of Servia, by the German, Austrian and Bulgarian troops marks a very import ant episode in the development of the war. What a change from last year’s state of affairs on the Balkan! Then the seizure of Servia was of minor importance. The most urgent task was to ward off the Russian steam-roller. But now it has become the field of battle receiving the most attention. In the northeastern corner of Servia the Austro-German troops crossing the Danube united with tlie Bulgarian troops, which advanced northward near the Roumanian border. The capture of Nisch completes their control over tlie railroad which connects them with Constantinople thru Sofia and Adrinople. Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey command the territory from the Baltic Sea to the Persian Gulf, and the armies which were engaged in Servia are now free for further action.

一When the fight begins within himself, a man’s worth some—Browning. thing. ―Little deeds of kindness, little words of love Helps to make earth happy like the heaven above. 一Fletcher. ―Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let us dare to do our duty as we understand it. —Lincoln. —What seem to us but sad, funeral tapers, May be heaven’s distant lamps.

一~Longfellow.

—To be conscious that you are ignorant is a great step，to —Disraeli. knowledge.

preparations justice to the English language is not grandiloquent enough, and to describe the activity and ability of our brethren our vocabulary does not include enough words of action, therefore we shall not endeavor to picture to you, hungry reader, the great “feed.” But lest we forget, the Messrs. Matzke, Capt” Texas, Zeisler and Bernthal at that occasion proved to us that a man can actually satisfy a seemingly insatiable appetite. —The Misses Esther Detert and Loretta Flynn visited chapel services with Miss Hattie Detert on Monday morning, Nov. 29. After that they left for Waterloo. —Edward C. Blakewell ’18 journeyed to his home town on Nov. 25, there to pursue the rabbits and the hop-toads and the deer so as to, by discharging a loaded gun at them, make life extinct within them. Those are the happy days for Eddie, when he hits the mark three out of forty times, as he did that day. —Miss Esther Crenz visited recitations with Miss Hattie Detert on Nov. 16. 一On Dec. 1, the coming championship basketball team, in other words, the Sophomore team, under captainship of Ed. C. Duxe, vanquished the tutorial five in a hotly contested game by a score of 18-4. Ed. and Bell Lange, ’18s, visited in Beaver Dam on Nov. 13. They also posed as Nimrods there, but with more success, so they say, than Ed. Blakewell.

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―Prof. E. E. Kowalke was on Thanksgiving visited by his fa ther and mother. ―Ed. C. Lange,，18, devoured a hearty Thanksgiving dinner at tlie home of Oscar C. Kluck, 19, in Jefferson. ―The class of，18 is now bereaved of another member in the person of Arthur G. Wacker, who left on Dec. 3 for home. As Mr. Ben Westendorf's case, this was also a case of illness. 一Wm. Lindloff,，15, and Jim Wehansen, ’15, called on us during the week of Nov. 21-26. —Vic Otto, Ac. ’15, popped off in Watertown Dec. 4 and set his friend, Raymond B. Timmel, ’18, up to a hamburger sandwich. 一Shrimp Koehler and Bud Hoppe, Preps., enjoyed the Tanksgiving holiday with Shrimp’s grandfather at Oak Grove. —Many students attended the meeting of loyal American citizens at which Dr. Hexamer delivered a splendid oration, concerning the German-Americans in America. —The Rev. Prof. J. Meyer of Oconomowoc visited a lecture in Greek with, the Sophomore class, on Dec. 1. ―Watertown possesses the latest accomplishments in the art of haberdashery in the gorgeous Freshman headgear. The caps are made of the finest but cheapest wool. The crown is of a resplendent golden color, whereas the brim is in good contrast, of a dark, deep subdued, velvety purple color. It is most significant to see how the golden color shines from their heads off into the dark, in so far that it reminds one of Shakespeare’s famous slogan, All vliat glitters is not gold, and so here, the promising color of their caps does not in the least portend that there is anything so very promising beneath that “dome-ical” covering. In fact, we happen to know there isn’t. But at any rate it was high time they bought some new lids. —Henry Neumann, Prep., stepped from the ranks of the learned when he abdicated on Nov. 26th and left for home. -—Alvin Schujahn, Prep., spent the week-end of the last week in Nov. in his home town, Fond du Lac. —One Sunday evening friend Horse came into the refectory. (No, tliis is not the only time he came in, but this time something ex traordinary occurred). After lie had come in lie obombulated to hi玆

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chair. And lo, when he cast his unhorse-like eyes on the plate be fore him, they encountered a sight that almost made him rave, at least it made him kick. For there on his plate was a heap of that golden grain, paetically called oats. Somebody did slip a pretty good one over him that time. (Oh yes, true to his nationality lie ate every bit of that salubrious food, at least there was not a modi cum left.) —Frances Voigt, Prep., had 225 pounds of himself transported to Appleton on Nov. 25. He had to pay a desirable amount of pelf for excess-baggage, as they allow only 160 lbs. at the most, on a freight car. 一Little Elmer C. Kiessling says lie’s very, very glad that Christ mas is coming and with it Santa Claus with a nice Christmas-tree and all kinds of stick-candy and a pretty little dollie. Last Xmas Santa Claus gave him a great big dollie and all year ’round little Elmer played house with her. Now he is just starting to write an interesting novel of his adventures with that wax-dollle. •we think we’d better not —And Helmuth X. Schaeffer issay anything, since Helmuth has such a frightful temper and such Jess Willard muscles, as we had ample opportunity to experience after our last opprobious write-up concerning him. —Since people have always been complaining that the editor of these writings never says anything about himself (that was sheer modesty,) therefore I will this time announce to the edification and mortification of our student coalition that I shall spend the Xmas holidays at home. —To the regret of the entire student-body, male and especially female, the attractive mustachio that adorned the upper-lip of Mr. Adalbert J. Westendorf is no more. One day when he was in a state of extreme agitation, he is said to have taken the razor a?d merci lessly sliced off every bit of the capillary outgrowth. So it is with every piece of art—it does not last forever. —On Dec. 3d Prof. Dr. A .Hoermann left for Reeseville, Wis” where he addressed a large audience. He spoke on German-Americanism. —Clamor C. Fuelling, ’15, spent the week of Nov. 21-26, at home in Chicago. 一Clifford Seifert, formerly of Whitewater Normal, enrolled as student of the Commercial department.

ATHLETICS* m ^3

F 0 0 T B A.L L.

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Taking the last two games into consideration, we cannot say that we had a very successful season. Financially, however, it was the best season we have ever had. The teams of Carroll and Ripon, Ripon especially, were entirely too much for our warriors, who were outweighed by far at each instance. Northwestern had an excellent team when we consider how our men handled themselves against teams of equal weight. We commenced the season by holding Be loit to a 0 to 0 tie. Next we defeated Whitewater Normal. On the following Saturday, Milwaukee Normal came down here and with a some immense luck succeeded in making the game turn out a scoreless tie. What happened in the next two games has already been hinted at above. __ , squad will lose only five men by graduation, namely: Capt. Westendorf, Zank, Brandt, Proehlke and Fuhlbrigge. “Westie” has just finished the last of his four years on the team. During the early part of his first year he played end, but was later shifted to fullback where he has played ever since. His play ing was of such high caliber that his teammates chose him for cap tain already in his Junior year, and also for this last season. He has done excellent work during his whole football career, particu-

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larly the last two years, and we are fully aware of how much we are losing in him. Zank played halfback on the team during the last two years and seldom failed to do his work when he was called upon to carry the ball. “Knaz” is known to all of us as a hard, conscientous worker and he is the back line man, who received so few injuries that he was taken out of the for only ten minutes in his whole career. Brandt and Froehlke, our two ends who have worked together for the past two years, are also on the list of graduates. When we sit down and meditate on some of the games they have played, vivid pictures of the lightning dashes this pair made down the field, run ning down punts, and of their spectacular work in receiving for ward passes and tackling loom up in our mind and we cannot forget what towers of strength they were on the team. Fuhlbrigge, utility man, has also done his share toward improv ing the team. Time and again he was called on to fill out the posi tion of some man who had to be removed from the game. We here with wish to acknowledge “Secty’s” work. Another person whom we must not under all circumstances forget is Paul Eickmann, star quarterback of two years and man ager of the last year. As has been mentioned in the “College Notes” of the previous unmber, Pauly could not play this year on account of having sustained a fractured arm in the beginning of the season. Nevertheless, he was not useless to us, having filled the position of manager. It is with regret that we have to be content without seeing him play just one more game at quarter, since many of us have never seen him in action. Those men of the team who do not complete their studies at Northwestern this year are: Capt.-elect Kuske, Gruendemann, Binhammer, Zeisler, Vohs, Henning, Duxe, E. Lange, B. Lange, W. Retzlaff, Schmelzer, Bodamer and Matzke. Kuske was the shining light in our line playing at left tackle. As a partial reward for his ser vice and on account of his unlimited knowledge of the game he was elected pilot of the team of 1916. Lack of space and time only pre vents anything being said of the remaining men separately. They have all done their share of bringing the team up to its present standard and are all worthy of praise. It always takes eleven reg ulars and a number of subs to make a football team and the above mentioned are the ones who composed our regulars and subs. The scrubs, or second team, as many persist in calling them, must, however, not be forgotten, either. It is clearly seen that with out a second team, a first squad representing the school would have been an utter impossibility. Therefore, dear Student, do not de spise a man who had played with the scrubs, but give him due recog nition for his services.

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Although Northwestern competes with the other colleges of the state in football and baseball, basketball, as yet, has not been in troduced here as an intercollegiate sport. Nevertheless, the spirit for this game runs high when the basketball season comes around, for each of the four upper classes supports a team. A schedule of about twelve of fifteen games will be worked out by the various man agers and these games, which are played on Wednesday and Satur day afternoons, will commence immediately after Christmas recess. Each of the teams is already out for preliminary practice. The Seniors will have to make a slight change in their pennant-winning combination since Schleicher has failed to return. Westendorf or Zank will, most likely, take his place. Capt. Froelilke is earnestly urging his ball tossers on to duplicate their last year’s feat, namely winning all games except one. The other men on the Class of *16 team are Vollmers, Eickmann, Brandt and Fuhlbrigge. The Juniors have lost two of their best men in Gruendemann, the last captain, and Rockhoff. Gruendemann sustained injuries in. football that necessitate his remaining out of basketball, while Rockhoff did not return. Gutzke has been elected captain and liis team till now consists of Kolander, Naumann, Bodamer, Schlueter, A. Retzlaff and W. Retzlaff. It took this team to defeat the last year’s champs one game and they hope to at least turn the trick several times again if not winning rag themselves. The Sophomores have the largest squad of any of the classes. In all they have about ten men contending for a position on their aggregation of basketball artists. Lau and Meier, formerly of D. M. L. C., are the new men on the squad. The others are Capt. Duxe, Zeisler, E. Lange, B. Lange, Kuske, Henning, and Wacker. Rumor has it that the Sophs are out to win the much coveted penant and hope to clean up everything that comes along. Of the Freshies we can to date not say much. They look a little green yet, but Capt. Brandt says he is going to drive it out of them. They have played one or two games with the Faculty team and have not showed any signs of great brilliancy in playing. Stage fright, undoubtedly, and fear of their opponents have kept them from show ing themselves to any great advantage. The Freshman material ■which consists of “Dad” Lehmann, Abelmann, Mueller, Siefert, Tacke and the captain, is not as bad at all as a person thinks, but need a little polishing. Of the Faculty team we will not say anything at all on account of our inability to judge our superiors. The managers of the various teams are: W. Zank, ’16; W. Retzlaff, ’17; A. Matzke, ’18; L. Meyer, ’19. The schedule, not having been arranged yet, will be published in the next number.

—At last it came, the dear, old wintertime! —Next station is Home-town! Don，t forget your parcels. —Sympathy To Westie, Prom a— Certain Etta When he was ill. —“I want a careful chauffeur,—one who takes no chances.” “That’s me, sir! I require references or salary in advance.”

—Customer:—“Barber, why did you drop that steaming towel on my face?” Barber:—“Because it was too hot to hold, sir!”

—“Yes,” said the world traveler, “the Chinese make it an in variable rule to settle all their debts on New Year’s Day.” “So I understand,” said the American host, "but then tlie Chinese don’t have a Christmas the week before.” *

—“Why is it, Bob,” asked George, “that you fat fellows are al ways good-natured?” . “We have to be,” answered Bob, “you see we can neither fight nor run!”

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—Sohn: “Du, Vater, haben die Grieclien auch in grauer Uni form gekampft?” Vater: “Gewiss, deshalb spricht man ja vom grauen Altertume.” 一The editor handed tlie manuscripts back after hastily scrutin izing the sheets, and said in a lofty manner. “We don’t print any such, stuff as that.” ‘*Well, you need not be so haughty about it,” retorted the Spasmodical Contributor. “You，re not the only one who won’t print it.” 一Teacher: “What is ‘etc.’ used for?” Bright Stud: “To make the people believe that we know a lot more than we really do.” # * * • ―Miss A: “Some people would pay a big amount if their teeth would be as white as mine are.” Miss B: “How much did you pay for them?” 眷

•眷#

―Mother: '*Johnny, you don’t seem to like the playthings you received for Christmas presents?” Johnny: “I am just thinking about the beatings I’ll get when I am going to break them.” • • —Student, der aus gesundhe itlichen Grunden endlich gymnastis che tJbungen macht. “Schwitz i, Armin?” Armin: “A bisserl! ’’ “Dann hor i auf.” “My wife is the most forgetful woman.” “Indeed?” “Yes, she can never remember in the morning where I left my pipe the night before,”

s；.)

1 1

一Friend: “So this is one of your jokes is it? Ha! ha! ha!” Humorist: “Well, what are you laughing at? Is it not a good one?” 一**You had a Ford last year, I remember, what car are you using this year?” “The street car.” 一Gast: “Sie ungeschickter Kerl, sie haben mir ja die gauze Tunke auf den Anzug gesclriittet.” Kellner: “Auf so ein bischen Tunke kommt es bei uns nicht an, ich hole gleich. andere.”

THE BLACK AOT) BED.

247

—“You owe it to yourself!” “In that case there is no hurry, I find myself a very lenient creditor.” —Co-ed in spelling writes: cation.”

“Miss Application” for “misappli-

—Peggy: “Do you think it would be conceited for me to tell my friends that I made this dress myself?” Maggie: Not conceited, my dear,— —superfluous.” 轉*#

餐

—Frau: “Merkwtirdig, lieber Mann, selbst bei der Arbeit kannst du die hassliche Gewohnlieit des Rauchens nicht lassen.” Mann: “Umgekehrt, liebe Frau. Ich bin so fleissig, dass ich selbst beim Rauchen arbeiten muss.” 一“What are you doing with those snow-balls?” asked the old gentleman suspiciously a few days before Christmas. “Selling them, sir. Three for a penny, and them that can’t afford to buy them gets ’em for nothing.” “Ah, indeed?” said the old gentleman. “I’ll buy the entire lot.”

FOOTBALL. When Julius Caesar was a kid and Brutus was the same, They often played at football in the open style of game. These noble Romans chose up sides on one Thanksgiving day, And hurried to a corner lot hard by the Appian way. Tiberius held the half-back job on Captain Caesar’s team; Herminius played at center, and his passing was a dream; Clevatius was on the left, the gridiron was his home; And Marcus, speedy quarter-back, tore up the Latin loam. Vinicius, Maulbetsch II., ripped up th’ opposing line, And then to make gains on his flank, there was a little sign; While Claudius, the tackle, that player tried and true, Brought down the mighty Julius and a number of his crew. The game was nearly over, and the score stood nine to three, When Caesar on a forward pass, spiked Brutus on the knee. That spoiled the game, and Brutus cried, “Some day I get you, kid!”

And History’s page will tell us that in later years he did. J. F. V., Detroit, Mich.

Christmas Clothes m IIWH

0 MAN wants to go through the Holiday period with a suit of clothes or an overcoat that is not all that it ought to be. Garmerits that show wear won't do at a time like this.

Take Twenty Dollars %。and come here and see what we 送—’

•n-门警霸儀 aj

:：ij

Clothes. You don’t need to pay quite this price unless you wish to, but some of the best values we have are marked at those figures. Whatever your choice may be, the garment will be tailored with all the skillful fidelity that ranks the Sincerity Clothes Shop so high among master tailors. The garmerit will be styled with precision ^|j along the latest style lines. Uj

Some extra desirable overcoats in the

Jl>| latest weaves,

UTd^eS： 515 tO $28 Sincerity Clothes，$15 to $28 .Wv or four new

W__rt_ Co. Corner Main and Third Streets.

Dr. T. 0. Abelmann PHYSICIAN and SURGEON Evenings, 7 to 8 p. m

0伍ce Hotirs:一12:30 to 3 p. m. Sundays by Appointment. t

Office and Residence:

Watertown, Wis.

500 Second Street

IF ITS

INSURANCE

TEACHER OF

See H. P. BAHR Cargest Hjency in gity Phone 268-X Masonic Temple

Watertown, Wis.

Bittlht Jtn厶

&lu&ia 103 fflaitt 务t. ©IjtrJi JFInor HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

BITTNER & TETZLAFF “PRESCRIPTION DRUGGISTS” In business for

YOUR HEALTH WE SELL THE

“Black and Red” Cigar “The Rexall Store” 203 Main Street,

QIarl

Watertown, Wis.

^xtbmtk

Dealer in RELIABLE FURNITURE UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER Private Chapel Up-to-Date Equipment 313 MAIN STREET 與rs•疋•麥.^mtt ^Bsistnsti Phone 54-X Res. * Phone 51-X

Watertown’s Leading

Furniture Store

崔 _

F. G. KECK & CO. 110-112 Main Street. You will find a complete line of FK.UITS of all kinds in season at

John E. Heismann CASH GROCER TELEPHONE 62 ttS MAIN STREET

i 1

EVERYTHING in POCKET CUTLERY and RAZORS. Examine our Line befor buying

You get a quick satisfactory painless shave with a WISS GUARANTEED

D. & r. Kusel Co. 108-110-112 W. Main St.

De Store of Quality

RAZOR Price $1.50 to $3.50 Try one at our risk.

A Fine Line of

11.G. PRIM CO.

Holiday Goods, Toys and Candies

307 Main St.

W. F- Gruetzmacher 409 Main St. Tke Place of Quality

Telephone 1S5-Y

Walter A. Krahmer WHOLESALE AND RETAIL：

Bakery and Confectionery 114. W. Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

C. B哪r，s Meat Market FRESH AND SALT MEATS SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

BAUMANNS Home-Made Candies, Ice

Watertown, Wis.

112 Second St.

Watertown Photo Co. MEYER9S

GALLERY

114 Third St. A STUDIO THAT ALWAYS PLEASES

Cream and Sodas.

200 W. Main St.

Phono 92-X

A TRIAL WILL CONVINCE YOU THAT OUR STYLES ARE ALWAYS UP TO THE MINUTE.

Watertown Creamery Co. Manufacturers of

FANCY CREAMERY BUTTER AND ICE CREAM WATERTOWN, WILLIAM GEHRKE DRUGGIST Successor to R. H. Brcnnecke

315 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

WISCONSIN

T.P.A

5c CIGAR • THREE SIZES

Fine Havana Filler \MCGENHORN BROS, CO.

A. W1GGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS

FINE WATCH REPAIRING (factory ■xfcricncs)

TELEPHONE 46-X

Bert C. Froemming EAST END BARBER SHOP.

Watertown,

Phone 465-Y

Wiiconsin

105 Main Street

The Princess Confectionery GEORGE SPYROS, Proprietor

Tee Cream, 0andie$ and glgars 602 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, WIS.

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wis.

313 Main Street We Recommend

W. D. SPROESSER GO.

‘‘BOSTONIAN，，

JEWELERS

SHOES FOR MEN.

Leo Ruesch

Pianos and Victor Victrolas A large Stock of Records con stantly on hand. ，P_GN0. 259-y

111 Main St.

210 West Main Street.

Watertown, Wis.

Smoke

New Method Laundry

Home Comer, Limit and /Vdvanco 5 CENT CIGARS AND

ONARITA 10 CENT CIGAR

Sonnemann & Amann

0. F_ KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS. Please Give Us a Trial We Try to Give Satisfaction 402 Main St.

DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. •J18 First Street

’Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to GUSTAV SCHLEGEL, Manager STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

OWEN，S DRUG STORE 412 MAIN STREET NEAR CORNER OF FIFTH

Agents for Seneca Cameras and Photographic Supplies

窆

—

I Wm. Gorder Co. £

COAL, WOOD, COKE， SEWER PBPE

AND

；

BUILDING MATERIAL —jg

608 Main Street

Telephone 33-1R

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應

Announcing a Suit and Overcoat offering，surpassing anything we have ever shown in mid-season More than 1000 fine garments from the country's leading makers at prices which fully demon strate greater value-giving policies of the live store Here are all the wanted, wished-for styles. Snugfitting, military models, fine business suits of serge ^ and worsted, stout models for men of generous _ measure, high novelties such as The Beaufort, Fore^ ward models for the hard to fit. Checks, stripes, |\ plain and fancy suitings in all colors and shades. j ^ The House of Kuppenheimer never made better suits I \ than we purchased from them this season ;never have wc shown so diversified a line, and it is no idle boast when tell you that any man can find satisfaction here in good measure.

Sp咖’s Shoes 215 MAIN STREET

APPEALIO NIFTY DRESSERS

for Style and Quality.

BANK OF WATERTOWN Qlhc ©lbcsi

itt

call will convince you.

George Zoelle’s

STUDENTS： doposlt your funds with this bank and make all payments by check. No matter how small—your account will receive careful attention.

Barber $bop

GOT_C THENEW

AHISOW COLLAR

2 for 25c IT FITS THE CRAVAT

Right Across from the Postoffice THE HnnTJOIGI BARBER ••9urltu anil (jpuaHtH

WILDROOT GOOD DANDRUFF REMOVER 119 West Main St. Watertown, Wis.

“THE JUINUATA” WM. SCHIMMEL & SON

OUR MOTTO

(Sanhg 參 E. M. O’Byrne

Carry » full line of

CIGARS, TOBACCO AND

•i

WE SOUCIT YOUR PATRONAGE

{Um CORNER DRUG CO；

PIPES

204 WEST MAIN STREET

101 Main Street, Watertown, Wis.

We cordially solicit a share of your patronage. We carry a complete line of Drugs, Medicines, Cigars, Stationery and all goods found in a first-class Drug Store. Cameras, Films to fit all makes, and other Photo Supplies. Give us a call. Yours truly, GAMM CORNER DRUG CO.

HOME MADE

Candies and Ice Cream

Needless Risk Your house, household goods, horses, cattle, grain and auto are subject to loss by fire, lightning and windstorm. Insure them now in the Strongest Insurance Companies REPRESENTED BY

Fred Siegler, Agent FARMERS AND CITIZENS BANK

GUARANTEED MERCHANDISE IS ALL

WE SELL If you haven't used our goods it’s time you did. Get that feeling of satisfaction that you are entitled to.

Football-Basket Ball Base Ball equipment Sweaters- Skates-Jferseys

Coll哪 Mltletic Supply Go. No. 56 7 Wells St.

Milwaukee, Wis. Get our catalog

PICTURES FRAMED RIGHT UP TO THE MINUTE

'■

The best Variety of PICTURE FRAME Moulding in the City Give us a trial We sure can please you

| Chas. Heismann 108 THIRD^STREET

Attractive Holiday Goods Our Felt Footwear is complete in every department. The many styles and beautiful colors appeal to everyone in the family. If you desire a good assortment of comfy slippers this is your opportunity, as they make appropriate Xmas gifts.

Albert Kaliebe 616 MAIN STREET

We make a specialty of beautiful

Fern Dishes，Palms and Foliage Plants that add so much to your home at such moderate cost

STUEBE FLORAL CO. 404 Main Street

Store Phone 657 Res. Phone 393-X

H.T. EBERLE，Druggist

204 Main Street Carries Kodaks and at’ necessary Supplies also handles the Parker Fountain Pens

r%: now for an enlargement

DENNINGER The Photographer Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORt

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY GO. 400 Main Stre〆

FRED E.

MAASS

E. H. COOK，M. D. Practice limited to

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECTACLES AND EYE CLASSES SCIENTIFICALLY FITTED Houri:

9:30 to H:30 avm.|

f :30 to 4

7 to 8 Wcdnctd VT *nd Saturday crcnlnfa

Sundays, )0 to f f a. mOffice, Hcrtd & Hoffman Bldg.

m.，

T«lcphonc 305-Y Watcrtowni WU

Cba$. 3. Salick

FOOT BALL, TENNIS and all other Kinds of

SPORTING GOODS land 3 MAIN ST.

AT THE BRIDGE

Any One

DEALER IN

Staple and Fancy Groceries and School Supplies

605 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

Dr. Henry H. Retter DENTIST Over Salick’s Jewelry Store.

THE BLACK and RED CIGAR NOW LEADS 9EM ALL

Schlueter Bros. 慕05 Main Street

Wftt<rtown9 Wit.

m will be brighter and healthier if all the Groceries used are purchased at our store. Our goods aree always . fresh and they are handled and kept in the moat cleanly manner. Good Groceries need not cost more than the poor sort. We can prove this to your satisfaction.

FRED BITTNER,UP-TO-DATE 501-3 N. F0URTHST.

GROCEK

PHONE 135-Y

WE WILL TREAT YOU RIGHT

Barker Lumber & Fuel Co. DEALERS IN

AND ALL KINDS OF

LUMBER

BUILDING MATERIAL. RE-SCREENED COAL WATERTOWN, WIS.

FIRST STREET Telephone 86

Our Advertisers deserve your

•..PATRONAGE... :

珲細m它Sngrafatng ©0. Artiste lEngrab^ra 职rtnt它ra The most efficient ana complete Engraving and Printing Plant in Wisconsin PHONES: MAIN 1646 OR 2777

MILWAUKEE

116 MICHIGAN ST.

;

-‘

! :

•i

TABLE OF CONTENTS Literary: Poem: Christmas Bells____________ 207 Essay: Christmas________________ 208 Essay: Chlodevech_______________ 210 Story: A Talc of Christinas Woe and Joy 219 Essaj: The Massacre of the night of St. Bartholomew_______ 216 Story: A Stocking Tale____ .220 Story: Zur Jahrcswende____ 224 Bditorials: 225 228 College Notes________________ 229 Aus dem Seminar_____________ 230 Exchanges.---------------------------233 As Others see Us---------------------De Rebus Omnibus: Booker T. Washington______ 237 238 Thru Passage over the Balkan 239 Locals______________ 242 Athletics____________ 245 Campus and Classroom.

,(r)v"

The Black and Red

January 1916

n-rthwestern

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THE BLACK AND RED /

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., January 1916.

Number 8

CONRAD WEISER.

丨

National events and achievements first thought important in themselves gradually find their way though the siene of time to oblivion and only the larger and more durable ones are left behind. These are events that have finally been admitted into the general history of a country, after they have stood the test of pass ing criticism though decades of history, and have proved them selves to have been assential to the upbuilding of a country. Thus it is that a student of general history, figuratively speaking, only sees the peaks of the mountains as the panorama of a country’s history sweeps past him. Upon examination of these weightier events in our country, we find that our general American history knows but the two ex tremes ;that which has without a doubt greatly benefited our coun try； and that which has been utterly detrimental to ourr governpent, our institutions, and American society in general .Grasping a few examples out of our history, we have George Washington as an example of the former class. “He stands foremost as the embodiment of patriotism, common sense and honesty;” and his campaigns attest his military capacity. He is a man to whom even now all true Americans look up in reverence and thankfulness for services rendered. On the other hand there is Benetict Arnold,

l! 1丨

250

THE BLACK AND RED.

a man who has sunken too low to be forgotten. From the recol lection of him every true American shrinks, as from a contagious disease. Him our general history has thrust into its pages as a capital example of treachery and venality. These are the two extremes with which our general history deals. Little is known of events between these two ends. It is true general history cannot deal with facts considered of minor importance, but one cannot infer from this that the persons and achievements between these two extremes are too unimportant to become acquainted with. They are the limbs of one great body一 history, and if these limbs are severed from the body the body will not necessarily perish, but it will be no more complete. This middle class of affairs is oftentimes the stepping-stone of great men and achievements found on the pages of our general history of today. In the early period of the history of our country some few men now in this common class were considered so important in the material development of our country that they were hailed as the real founders of it, and they have lost their merit and popularity, perhaps, only through the underestimation of our his torians. But they can be justified since it is difficult to mention the names of particular individuals without doing injustice to other equally well-known ones. One of the most important of these men is Conrad Weiser, the most prominent interpreter and manager of Indian affairs be tween 1718 and 1760. He was born in Wuerttenberg, Nov. 2, 1696 and emigrated to America at the age of fourteen. During his first four years in America he lived on the Livingstone manor in New York, when he turned his face westward. While at New York he learned to know the Mohican Indians and manifested so much in terest in them that he learned to speak their language fluently, thereby laying the foundation for future activity. In 1729 he and his young family moved to Berks county, Penn sylvania, where many of his countrymen had preceded him. This new homestead soon became the center of an extended hospitality for the Pennsylvania Germans and the Indians. Having a peculiar aptitude for dealing and conversing with the Indinas, Weiser was called upon to transact oral business with the visiting Indians. He soon gained local renown and because of this he broke into the field of official interpreter in 1731 when f?rty shillings were allotted to him for his services. From that ^me forward until his resignation he was official interpreter for “Onas,” as the governor of Pennsylvania was known among the Indians at that time. .So faithful and conscientious was he in his transactions that h!s reputation was soon scattered broadcast. Virginia heard of $is success and requested the council of Pennsylvania to send their honest interpreter” Conrad Weiser to re-establish an amical un-

[

THE BLACK AND BED.

251

derstanding between it and the Indians. Weiser set out and soon returned with a peace secured not for Virginia alone, but for all of the English colonies. During the following year Weiser acted as chief interpreter at the important treaty at Lancaster and throughout the ensuing war he succeeded by means of his thorough knowledege of the In dians to keep French influence away from the Six nations. In the next year he was sent on a responsible mission to the Ohio river. A deputation from the Indinas living there had arrived in Philadelphia. The council took advantage of this man ifestation of friendship and dispatched Weiser thither with a gift of one thousand pounds, and at the same time applied to the gov ernors of the adjoining colonies to aid in the work. Weiser was chosen to deliver the presents and accordingly started on this mis sion in August, 1748. The object of this alliance with these Indians was only incidentally to secure themselves against an atack, the prime reason being to secure the trade of the Indians dwelling on the banks of the Ohio river. This trade had been the bone of contention for many years, and the efforts of the English tradesmen to push their trade out into the wilderness had been very successful. In consequence the tension between French and English traders was strained. A further object of the mission was to sever the lax trade connections of the French with the Indians of the “upper country.” The mission was successful. Not only did he establish the good will of the Indians toward Pennsylvania, but he also secured a satisfactory indemnity from them for outrages committed against Carolina settlements, and the deliverance of a certain Captain Haig, who had been taken a prisoner. It is interesting to note with what tact the Indians excused the act. To attempt to justify it would have been contrary to the amical feeling which they claimed was existing between the In dians and whites, deny it they could not, for it was too evident that they were the perpetrators, so they took recourse to religion, and the speaker accused the evil spirit that had taken possession of the young braves who had committed the act. After Weiser’s successful mission to the Indians on the upper Ohio his Indian transactions were largely confined to Pennsylyani十 Croghan and Montour proceeded with his work among the “Indians in the far west” until the outbreak of the French and Indian war, in 1756. Weiser now served his country in a military capacity. When the war broke out, he raised a company of soldiers for the Canadian expedition. Later he was made lieutenant colonel and appointed commander of the frontier forts. While he was engaged on the frontier, New York besought him to use his influence over the Mo ll :

f!i

252

THE BLACK AND BED.

hawks and Western Indians, which he did in the subsequent treaty of Easton. By this time Weiser was the most influential German in his county and, perhaps, in all Pennsylvania. It could therefore be expected that when he should turn to politics, his success was assured. But religious affiliations and enmities played a great part in thwarting his success. Originally a Lutheran, in 1735 he became a Seventh-Day Baptist and was consecrated to the priest hood. But this life soon proved to be too monotonous for him and he again began to serve the public in the capacity of justice of the peace for Berks county. Next he sought a seat in the assembly, but because of the opposition of the sect that he had deserted by accepting a public office, because of the alienation of the Lutherans and the indifference of the Moravians, he was defeated. There upon lie withdrew from active politics and accepted the office of advisor to the government on Indians and local affairs. He held this office until his death in the year 1764. So honest, conscientious, and trustworthy was he that his death, was considered a public calamity. Public, because his home colony was not the only one that had reaped the fruits of his toil, but all the colonies boardering the frontier were debtors to this great interpreter. He had opened the way for the traders in the far off Ohio valley. Indifferent Indian tribes residing there soon became fast friends to English traders through him. He estab lished tradfng laws among these tribes to accustom them to the English mode of dealing, and primitive though they were, they served as a barrier to liquor-dealers and corrupt fur-dealers. His influence extended still farther west until it came in contact with French influence in the ensuing French and Indian war. Such were the exploits of a simple German immigrant in the early part of the eighteenth century. These are known to us through his diary, practically the only proof that he ever lived. This journal is curious composition. It is written in a /aulty style, full of spelling mistakes, Germanisms, and other oddit/es peculiar to a man who has had only a limited education but mucA experi ence in practical life. It is a deplorable fact that there are no more complete records of his achievements. But to know Weiser well, we need no more than his journal and a few contemporaious remarks, for what can show the real worth of a man better that some production of his own and a few remarks concerning him by contemporaries? Through all records of Weiser there runs one trait that char acterizes hism. In the annals of history it is expressed in three adjectives “he was honest, faithful, conscientious•” But if all do not find Conrad Weiser^ name among the most prominent frontiersmen, of the time, it is probably because his labors were carinteracted and nullified by an enemy from without

THE BLACK AND BED.

253

and that therefore substance was lacking whereto to attack his fame. Although he has been forgotten, or probably has never been heard of, by most Americans, for us his name should be connected, with the few that the country has publicly honored, for what higher tribute can a country pay to its citizen than to say ‘‘he was honest, faithful and conscientious?” H. J. B. J16.

WHAT I HAVE SEEN IN RUSSIA. The wrong views and opinions that so many people have about Russia induced me to write the following article. I shall not speak about the Russian army or navy, or its generals and their abilities, not about the Russian atrocities in East-Prussia or Galicia, although I firmly believe that they were committed by the Russians. Neither am I going to write about those German families whose husbands were taken to the interior of the country, nor of their wives and children, who were misused by the incited people and officials until at last they were driven out of Russia leaving behind eve5rything they had. Although I have letters from friends who suffe red in Russia to prove my statements, I shall give the readers only those facts which I have seen during the years of peace after the Russo-Japanese war. But before I begin I shall say a few words about the inhabitants of Russia in general. The population of the Russian Empire amounts to about one hundred and thirty millions, of which about twenty millions live in Asia. Of these hundred and thirty million inhabitants only sixty-five millions are Slavs, the rest of the population consists of some hundred different tribes of Mongolian origin. These have in vaded the eastern part of Europe in the thirteenth and the four teenth century, subjected the Slavs and ruled over them until the end of the fifteenth century, when the last stronghold of the Tar tars was taken by Ivan the Terrible. These Mongolian tribes speak each their own language, are either, with exception of the Finns, Mohammedans or heathen and lead~ a nomadic life in the steppes of southern and the swamps of northern Russia. . It would be a difficult task to write more in detail about these tribes. Likewise I shall not attempt to write about Russian civil ization, speaking only of the manners and costums of the Slavs in Russia, for there is a great difference between the Poles^nd the White Russians, between the Little Russians and the Great Rus sians. I shall restrict myself to the southwestern part, wnere its inhabitants are more or less influenced by the civilization of west ern Europe. There are three distinct classes in Russia which have to be

254

THE BLACK AND BED.

taken into consideration: The nobility, the state officials, and the common people. The idea “that all men are created equal” has not yet dawned upon Russia. It seems natural to the Russian farmer, when he meets a nobleman, to take off his hat, bow down and kiss the noble man^ hand, and for a nurse who suckles the baby of a nobleman’s family to take better care and handle the noble-born with more tenderness than she does her own child. The noblemen see in the farmers something that exists for them; they still bear in mind that they once ruled over the common people, that they were their judges, that the farmer once was tied to the soil, which belonged to the noblemen, that no farmer was allowed to marry without the consent of his master and that no farmer’s child could attend a school unless a superior gave permission, which permission was rarely granted. For Russia is afraid to educate the common people, else the idea of liberty might awaken among them. The noble men once were the absolute monarchs of their domain. But in the year 1861 through a manifest of the Russian Czar Alexander II. all these rights were taken from them. The opinion still prevails among the nobility, as I heard it expressed many times: “It would be better for the farmers if they would not have any land of their own, if they would work for the nobleman as they formerly did, for they do not know how to take care of money, and now very often they are hungry, whereas before they used to come and say: “Give us to eat!” Work does not become a Russian nobleman. He has enough servants which do the work for him. He spends his time riding, hunting, or gambling, while his wife reads French, Polish, or Rus sian novels, plays cards with the visiting ladies, and smokes cigar ettes. Their children receive their first education as a rule from a French, sometimes a German governess. And the parents do not neglect to tell their children of what noble blood they are, that it is not meet for them to converse with the servants of the house, nor play with farmers’ children on the street. On the whole the life of Russian noblemen reminds a person of the French nobility during the time of the three Louis. As the French formerly, the Russian nobility is very powerful; for it is in possession of the highest offices of the state. This brings us to the state officials. This system of officials extends in untold complications from the village secretary’s assist ant up to the prime minister. One thief fears his fellow thief, and one Russian official his colleague and his superior. The highest officials, as mentioned before, are noblemen. Although they have an immense income, it is not sufficient to cover their expenses, when a person considers that very often for one banquet a Russian nobleman rebuilds his palace to suit him for that one night. What else can lie do? He has to pay his expenses and still go to the

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same expenses, if he wants to keep his position in state and so ciety. He therefore enlarges his income by accepting bribes. The secretary of course knows about the bribery of his noble superior. He probably has a few sons at college, his expenses are larger than his salary. Why should not lie also accept bribes? The salary of the lowest officials is very small, they simply have to depend upon perquisites. In my home town in Russia the wages of a city policeman were hundred rubles a year, Hundred rubles is equal to about fifty dollars, but as the cost of living is lower in Russia, a person is able to buy there for one ruble just as much as a person can here for one dollar. But can a police man live on hundred dollars a year, support a family, pay rent and other expenses? Well, let me explain how a policeman lives. There are a few Jews in town selling liquors without a license, the policeman knows about it, he walks in through the side door, asks for a glass of beer, takes a bottle or two home for his family and of course never pays for it. There is another Jew who buys tobaccoleaves from farmers, makes tobacco and sells it without paying taxes or having a license; again the policeman gets liis tobacco there without paying for it. A law in Russia demands that all stores should be closed on Sunday. Well, the window shades are down and that is sufficient. The police-force does not see that there is more sold on Sunday than during the rest of the six days. The policemen get paid for their blindness by buying every article at a very reduced price. Is there not a single honest official, the reader asks? Yes, there are some, but it is dangerous to be honest. I know of an official who did away with some of those secret saloons; he soon was shot, and the law did not make much of an effort to find the murderer. Russia has enough laws, but the people that are to execute them do not pay any attention to them, or change the laws to suit them. Torture is forbidden, still incidents like the following are not uncommon. The owner of a livery stable missed hundred rubles; he blamed it upon a girl who was doing house work for him. The Uradnic (assistant of the chief of police) was called. He ordered the girl to be taken into the cellar, to be tied and whipped every day a few times until she admitted the theft. His orders were executed. A dress-maker who lived in the neighborhood heard the poor girl cry in the cellar for two days; she could not bear it any longer and reported it to the chief of police. The girl was taken out and brought into the hospital, where she died a few days later. Al though it was proved soon after that the money was stolen by the livery-owner’s own son, neither the former, who indirectly killed the girl, nor the Uradnic, who gave the orders, were brought to ac count. The girl’s poor mother, a widow, did not have enough, money to begin a lawsuit.

I if：

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Such incidents are not exceptions; they happen often, but only those know of them who live in Russia. No paper or magazine is allowed to print them; and if you hear of them, do not speak loud about them or you will be branded as an anarchist and sent to Siberia. Whoever was in Russia and learned to know something about its nobility and its officials, will have to confess that they as a whole are corrupt. There are some noblemen and officials, like for instance Count Tolstoi and the Russian governor-general of Lemberg, of whom you can say they are noble. The third class of people in Russia are the common laborers and farmers. They have their faults, partly due to their ignorance and partly to the circumstances in which they live, but they also have good traits. The Russian farmer is very poor, he does not know anything about speculation. A farmer that owns a span of horses and two or three cows is one of the richer ones; most of them own just enough soil on which to build a house and have to work for the noblemen, earning about forty cents a day. There are thousands and thousands of acres of uncultivated land in Russia, and the government is willing to give it to the people, as it promised sixty dissiatine (equal to 162 acres) to each male citizen who wishes to go to Siberia. But the Russian farmer clings to his soil, saying: â&#x20AC;&#x153;My grandfather lived here and died, my father lived here and died, and I am going to live here and die.â&#x20AC;? He then divides liis property among his sons, and they do the same until they have hardly enough land to live on. Only the rich farmer builds his house of stone, the rest are small houses, the walls being made of wood, straw, and clay, and the roof covered with thatch. There are only two rooms in each house, the one serves as kitchen, dinning, sitting and bed-room, the other is the parlor, which is opened on holidays only, or upon the visit of highly esteemed guests. Now the family, and the RusÂ sian families as a rule are large, lives in this one small, low room, with small windows and no floor of either stone or wood. That accounts for the general uncleanliness, which of course is not as big as some people think. The people certainly are not fond of dirt; it simply can not be prevented where people live packed in a small room which is used for every purpose. A fault of the poor class of people in Russia, common to all more ore less, is stealing. They do not rob people or kill them, but they take everything they possibly can. Apples in the orchard, cattle in the stable, nothing is safe, unles it is securely locked up or guarded, and every owner keeps a good dog to watch his property. If you ask a Russian whether it is not wrong to steal, he will say:

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257 “Well, God has created everything for everybody. If your neighbor possesses something that you have not, it is not wrong if you go and share it with him.” Poverty induces them to steal* and ignorance justifies the act. Another deplorable fault of the common people is their ex — cessive drinking. Not only men are given to this habit, but also women. I have at times seen women sit in an inn and drink twice as much as their husbands do, and in their ignorance they sometimes would give some “Vodka” to the crying baby, that it should fall asleep. They simply do not know how harmful it is to them. And although the Czar of Russia has in his royal decree demanded that no liquors should be sold throughout the Empire, owing to the laxity of the officials, I am certain that the people drink just as much as before. A good government and education are the only means to save Russia. I sympathize with the poro people, who have to fight and never learn the why and wherefore. I still have the picture in my mind of that Sunday afternoon when the Russian reserves in the village left their families and relatives for the Far East. “Every thing is ready, now they have to depart,” are the orders. And lo, there stands a youth who has to depart from the weeping old parents that have seen him grow up, and now he has to leave and who knows whether he is ever going to return. Here is a bride weep ing for her bridegroom, all their hopes were but dreams. There stands a husband, his wife and children cling to him, for they can not accompany him. The same love that binds the families of civilized nations binds them. Do you see such scenes among bar barians? No, the Slav is no barbarian. He loves his country, although she grants him but little freedom. They tell him to fight for his country, and lie fights in spite of all hunger and maltreatment he receives from his officers. He loves his home, wife, and children, and his hospitality surpasses that of many other civilized nations. If you, whether a Russian or stranger, ask a farmer for a drink of water, he will not say: “There is the well, go help yourself!M He will ask you whether you would not prefer milk; and if you are hungry, he will give you something to eat and not forget to drink a glass of “Vodka” to your health. If you come to a village during the night, a tired wanderer, the farmer will take you into his house and make you sleep in his bed, while he spreads straw on the floor and lies down to rest. . I repeat it, the common people of Russia are not barbarians. If barbarous atrocities have been committed in East Prussia and Galicia, a person must bear in mind that Russia has officials who did not care to prevent those things and that there are Mongols from Asia and nomadic tribes of the steppes of southern Russia who are fighting in the Russian ranks, upon which nations civil ization did not as yet dawn. G. J. S. *17.

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THE SERVICES OF THE GERMAN WOMEN DURING THE WAR. During the “War of Liberation,” when Germany was so poor that it could hardly keep up the war, we hear of many sacrifices made by German women in order to help their armies. They gave up their jewelry and silverware, and it was considered unloyal if anybody possessed any such articles of value. Some women who had nothing else to give sold their hair and gave up the money to help their country. The descendants of these brave women certainly admired them and were proud of their deeds, but they little thought that they would one day be in the same position as their ancestors were. However, the great war came, and the German women of to-day have shown themselves worthy descendants of the brave women of 1813. They are also rendering services to their country. Two of the characteristics of the German women, their incli nation to practice eceonomy and their willingness to work, are of great value to the German nation during the war. As some foods have become quite expensive on account af the difficulty of im porting them, the women have cancelled them from their foodlist. Substitutes have been found for flour, butter and other art icles of food that have become scarce. Plain but substantial meals have been substituted for the more elaborate ones to which many families had accustomed themselves. While the French women insist on having new furs and other articles of luxury for the win ter, regardless of their straitened means, their neighbors in Ger many accustom themselves to get along without such garments that are not absolutely necessary. Consequently they have money to manage their household and possibly to supply the wants of other people. Many women who lost their income when their supporter was called to the front, did not hestitate to take up tlieir husbands’ work and manage it to the best of their ability. We hear of women occupying the position of heads of factories and business-firms. Others have become street-car conductors. In August, 1914, just at the time when the farmers were ready to gather their harvest, they were called away from home. In some of the other belligerent countries a large part of the crops was wasted. But not so in Ger many. The women, even those who had not been accustomed to hard labor before, did not hesitate to perform the work of a far mer. In this way they saved the crops and thus rendered their country a valuable service. TheGerman vwomen are loyal. They show their love for their country by working for their soldiers. They believe that they are responsible for the comfort and health of the men. The women cannot fight to keep the foe out of their territory as their husbands are doing, but they help to strengthen the resistance of the men

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by providing them with warm clothing and thus preserving their health. Many women who have hitherto not been accustomed to any other work except fancy embroidering and crocheting, have taken up the old-fashioned knitting needles and are now helping to supply the great demand for woolen garments. Others send packages containing cigars, tobacco, chocolate, games and other things to the front to cheer up their relatives. Although many women are working for the soldiers in the field, there are still more who look after the welfare of the woundedAt the beginning of the war, so many women offered their help to the Red Cross that the supply soon exceeded the demand. The services of trained nurses only were accepted. Many of the untrained volunteers became assistants. In order that a woman need not neglect her household duties and still help the Red Cross, the nurses in some hospitals have four or five assistants, who take turns in watching the wounded soldiers at night, while the nurse takes a much-needed rest. She makes arrangements that these women have very little to do for the sick people. The assistants generally work at a garment for their patient during these nights. This plan of having assistants greatly relieves the hard-working nurses and makes them more capable of doing their duty. Other people help the Red Cross by putting vacant houses at its disposal. A committee of women is appointed whose duty it is to collect money and furniture for such houses. As the hospitals have not sufficient room for the ever increasing number of wounded soldiers, this is a very good plan. • Many women are working for the comfort of the inhabitant of the hospitals. As mattresses are getting scarce, the wome have found a substitute. They prepare them out of paper. Thes mattresses have the advantage of being very cheap and can there fore be burned if a person having a contagious disease has used them. The clothes for the wounded are also supplied by women. In making them, the wounds of the men are taken into consider ation. The garments are sewed in such a way that they can be put on and removed without disturbing the wounds. As the wives of fanners did not want to remain behind in do ing deeds of charity, they have formed an organization with the object of supplying the hospitals with fresh eggs. It is the duty of every member to save a certain number of fresh eggs every day and to send them to the hospitals. Many women make the inmates of the hospitals happy by vis iting them. They bring flowers and games to the patients. The men appreciate these gifts very much, but they also enjoy a con versation. The kaiserin and other members of the royal family visit the hospitals daily. The visitors listen to the sad stories of many wretched men and try to comfort them, Some of them write letters and mend clothes for the soldiers during their

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visits. Thus we see that the women are trying to give their wounded soldiers every comfort. However, in their endeavor to take care of the men of the empire, the women have not forgotten those of their own sex who need their assistance. Many homeless girls who have lost their employment in consequence of the war have found a home at an institution in Berlin which was founded by an organization of women. A committee is appointed which tries to find a position for such girls. At tlie beginning of the war, most women bought materials and sewed garments for the soldiers; but they soon saw that they were unintentionally taking the chances of work from poor women and girls. Now many who possess superflu ous rooms in their houses have given up one or more of them and furnished them with sewing-machines. Other women send ma terials for clothing to such establishments. Many girls find em ployment in these sewing-rooms. Other girls have been engaged as nurse-maids in private families, where women have taken poor children of the neighbor hood into their families in order to give their mothers a chance to eam money. Altthough the wife of every soldier is paid a certain sum of money for herself and her children, this does not suffice for the many needs of a family. The mother is often obliged to work to increase the income. Here again there is a committee of women who look up the neediest and immediately provide for tlieir most urgent wants. There are cooking establishments at which poor people can get a good, substantial meal for a very small sum of money. The poorest get the meals without paying for them. The women are provided with work, generally sewing or other work that can be done at home. Wealthier families of the neighborhood take charge of their children. They are taken to these homes early in the morning and are left there until evening. They get all their meals at these places. There are also larger institutions which take charge of such children during the day. Thus, although their children are not taken from them, the burden of providing for them is taken from the mothers’ shoulders, while they are work ing for the welfare of their army and at the same time earning money. The women of Germany are playing an important part in this war, since they try to keep tlieir country in its normal state and help to erase the effects of the war. We do not hear so much of their deeds, though their sacrifices may be geater and their tasks more difficult than those of their husbands. They do not get an iron cross or other token of honor for their services. Their only reward is the satisfaction of having done their duty. Let us there A. IC, 17. fore honor them and acknowledge their noble deeds.

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WOOING UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Up one flight of stairs in a small room of one of the apartment houses in Greytown a ruddy-faced man with a long, tawny beard was sitting composedly beside a small stove puffing at an old clay pipe. He was apparently a German and had come to this country to acquire wealth. But like many others before him his expectations had not been realized. He had managed to become clerk in a little grocery store, an occupation which just enabled him to keep body and soul together. While thus agreeably employed at his pipe he occasionally glanced at the big clock opposite him as though he was expecting someone to appear soon. He had not to wait long, for soon a man entered who evidently shared rooms with the German. He was a tall man, with a portly frame and a clean-shaven face which peered over an abnormally high collar and old-fash ioned cravat. His coat was always without wrinkle, his hat without a speck of dust, in short., he was the very type of staid middle-aged respectability. 1-Ie was a distinguished soldier, having served in the Spanish-American war, and was an accomplished traveler. Some common leaven had brought these two bachelors to gether. It had occurred to both of them that by sharing rooms with oneanother they would each diminish their own expenses and at the same time the monotonous bachelor’s life would be made more agreeable. Thus these two had roughed it through the troubles and dis advantages of life for many years as best they could and no woman had ever darkened the doors of that room—save the maid-servant —for Captain Firestone and Mr. Schmidtheiser were sworn mis ogynist s. Afl fter entering the room the Captain carefully pacxed away his coat and hat, donned a smoking-jacket and read the latest news to his companion. A thief had made his appearance in the town and had suc ceeded in ravaging quite a number of houses in parts of the city. And although the police force stirred heaven and earth to find him out, still their efforts were of no avail and considerable excitement prevailed throughout the city. The police were entirely at a loss. There was not the shadow of a clew apparent concerning the thief. The last scene of theft had been near the home of our friends. The paper stated that the greatest excitement still continued in that ward, that the premises in question had been carefully re searched and fresh examinations instituted but all to no purpose. It stated further that a reward of one hundred dollars was offered to the person who would lay hold of the thief and effect his im prisonment.

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“Sure it would be fine if we could hang that Spitzbub” the German remarked. “Indeed it would,” replied the Captain, “but we don’t hang people in Greytown before we catch them.” After discussing the matter for some time these two finally resolved to spend a few dollars out of the common purse for a re volver. Thus armed they would be secure to all attacks of this scoundrel. Perhaps they would even get a chance to assist in bring ing him behind the bars? That this hope would be realized they did not expect just then, and—but that later. One day Captain Firestone was sitting at the window of his little room puffing at his weed and sipping his glass of wine as he was wont to do after dinner. While thus agreeably employed he chanced to look across the street and perceived a little fringe of dark hair, and a still darker eye which surveyed him round the border of one of the curtains which flanked the win cow opposite. The Captain was much interested in this appearance, and rose to make a closer inspection of it, but alas! before he could focus it with his pince-nez it was gone! He bent his gaze resolutely in that direction for a long time and smoked at. least two more cigars, be sides finishing the bottle of wine, but although lie saw certain flitterings in the dark background of the opposite room, he could not make out anything more definite. Next day the soldier was on the lookout at the sumo hour, and was rewarded by the appearance of two eyes, very mischievous and dangerous one, too, which were set in a buxom and by no means ill-favored face. The lady who owned those charms looked very deliberately up the street, and very deliberately down the street, after which she bethought herself to look across the street, and was startled to perceive a stout, middle-aged gentleman, with a fiery face, who was looking at her with an expression of intense admiration. So much alarmed was she, that she vanished behind behind the curtain and, to the regret of the Captain, she stayed away. All day the recollection of this episode haunted the Captain. The next day he told Schmidtheiser all about it. “She’s a fine-looking woman, whoever she may be/* he re marked. “By George! she’s the best woman I’ve seen for a long time.” “She’s a window,” the German declared. “A what?” “A window一the window of a locomotive engineer.” “You mean a widow. What do you know about her? Wliat’s her name, and where does she come from?” “I have heard tliat she is a win—widow. She board mit Madame Lake. However, I disremember her name. “Those beautiful eyes she’s got!”

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“Well, she’s fourteen if she，s a day—or I should say forty, though it is much the same,” Schmidtheiser interposed. “Well if she is, my boy, forty is just in the prime of life, and一’’ “I shouid say the afternoon sooner,” corrected the Teuton. “But you don’t mean to say that would marry, suppose you got the chance!” “Well, I don’t know,” the Captain answered reflectively. “The vomens is not to be trusted.” And then he related how the “vomens” had treated him. How his girl went down the Rhine by boat and another fellow by train, and how they met there and were married, “one to the others，’’ etc., etc. Again and again he would start, “I remember a voman in Germany—’’ and thus they rambled on into the small hours. When the Captain finally retired for the night, his last thought was of the lady at the window, and of the means by which he might contrive to learn more about her. This proved to be easier than lie anticipated, for next morning, on cross-examining the little servant girl from whom Schmidtheiser had derived his informatioin, the Captain found out all that he desired to know. According to this authority, the lady was a widow of an engineer of the name of Sweet, and had been staying some little time at Lake's, which was the rival establishment to that in which the Captain and Schmidtheiser resided. The Captain now soon managed to gain an introduction to his fair neighbor and having gained this point, he pondered for some time before deciding upon his course of action. He could, however, find no opportunity to press his suit. But one day something oc curred which seemed to offer the right occasion for action. The boarding-house maid appeared with a very neat pink envelope upon a tray, addressed in the most elegant of female hands to Captain Firestone. It was an invitation in which Mrs. Rose Sweet presented her compliments to Captain Firestone and to his friend, Mr. Schmidt heiser, and trusted that they might be able to favor her with their company on Saturday evening at eight, to meet a few friends. “Will you go?” inquired the German. “Yes, surely, I will, and so shall you. We’d better answer it.M So in due course an acceptance was sent across to Mrs. Sweet’s hospitable invitation. I need not mention that on that eventful night no stone—or rather brush in this case—was left unturned by the two bachelors to create a most favorable appearance. The Captain succeeded fairly well, but Schmidtheiser^ efforts effected exactly the reverse. He was arrayed in a dress suit of antique shape, and very shiny about the joints. Time’s teeth had caught hold of it here and there and Schmidtheiser looked very uneasy in it, indeed. “Surely you know,” he remarked to his companion, “I hate all

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parties, but I should not for nothing in the world give offense to the Liebchen of my comrade. And if I go, I go like a gentleman.” Indeed his outward appearance certainly did not proclaim the gentleman having his tie under his left ear and his buttons of mother-of-oysters, as he termed them, all dangling on one or two threads; but undoubtedly he behaved like a gentleman一one can not always judge the sausage by the skin. The two finally set off, the Captain with a fixed determination that he should know his fate before the evening was over. Upon arriving at Mrs. Sweet’s, they found that there was hard ly space for them left. There was one continuous flow of guests for about two hours. The most moderate computation would place their unmber at one hundred. The hostess had prepared a bountiful supper and the smell of it in the kitchen 'vas enough to make an empty man thank God for the room there was inside him. Indeed, no one lost any time in doing ample justice to both eating and drinking. When the supper had at last been finished, Captain Firestone addressed himself very assiduously to the pursuit of the widow. After much, persuasion he coaxed her into a snug little room, some what retired from the general hubbub. The widow sat down at one end of a sofa, and the Captain perched himself at the other. Now the widow had a darling—lap-dog who had been her sole companion since the time of her bereavement. He, of course—as is usually the case with these lovable pets—had to be right in the swim. So he, assuming prodigious importance, took liis place be tween the couple. It being a rather late hour, however, the pup resolved to turn in for the evening. Having ample room on the sofa he spread his limbs and was soon lost in profound repose. The Captain, however, thought it more appropriate, for various reasons, that the dog continue his slumber oil the floor. He there fore gently, very gently—in order not to break the widow’s heart in the act一conveyed the puppy to a soft pillow which lay in one corner of the room. Nevertheless the pet awoke and showed de cided diapproval of the Captain’s plan. He could not by any means comprehend why he, who had been his mistress’ comfort all these years should now be disregarded and totally neglected just because someone else had made his appearance. He therefore made a des perate jump at Firestone’s calves and then beat a hasty retreat under the bureau with a big piece of the Captain’s new trousers between his teeth. The widow made after him with a tremendous volley of superlatives, but he stood his ground and in defiance of Jier threats barked for all that was in him. He did not venture from his place of shelter till the next morning. In the meantime the Captain had investigated the harm done, f een，to his agreeable surprise, that the damage was not worth mentioning. In fact lie saw no reason why he should not proceed in his enterprise to win the widow.

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We must admit that we cannot acquaint the reader with the contents and details of the conversation which followed一though this would perhaps prove to be of interest—for the Captain always affected ignorance when touching upon this point in relating this story. ‘ We know, however, that he had almost found out how the land lay and had taken his companion’s little ring-covered hand in his thick pudgy fingers when the door suddenly opened and Schmidtheiser protruded his hairy head into the room with a benig nant smile. “Potzdausend, ray very goot vriend!” With an oath that made Schmidtheiser shake in his shoes the Captain furiously sprang to his feet, while the German’s head disappeared like a Jack-in-the-box. Firestone regained his composure and was soon declaring his love with exuberant and copious metaphors. In the very act of it he chanced to look in the direction of an opposite window and— was almost petrified, for his eye had caught a ray of light that gleamed forth from a window in the opposite house, the window of his apartment. The next moment all was enveloped in dark ness again. Could it have been an illusion? But no, there it was again, only momentary, someone was evidently in his house. “It’s that rascal who has been plundering our neighborhood and I’ll be hanged if I don’t get him.” The Captain forgot all about him even his delicate undertak ing. He hastily passed through a side-door out-side so as not to disturb the other guests. He saw $100 within reach and was de termined to earn them without any assistance. Now the Captain never ventured outside without some protection for his head, for he was bald as a door-knob (you’ll never find grass growing on a busy street.) In his eagerness he did not find his own hat and grabbed a different one at random. This unluckily happened to be a slouch hat in which liis head was entirely lost to view. He now stole across the street and crept stealthly to the back yard of the boarding-house. In gazing up to the windows he again caught a glimpse of light that shone only a few seconds as though some one had opened and closed a dark-lantern. It occurred to him now that a ladder had been hanging beside the fence in the yard. The Captain was a resolute and daring man. He seized the ladder and placed it against the wall. It reached just below the window. The next minute he climbed the ladder and leapt through the window. Thus standing in a listening attitude he heard someone approach, the door in the adjacent room. To jump for a drawer in his desk and snatch his revolver was the work of a second. Then suddenly the door opened and he stood face to face with a colossal specimen of the masculine gender. Each covered the other with his revolver* Each waited for the other to move. Ten seconds of terrible

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suspense followed. Then suddenly the thief lowered his weapon and fell into a fit of silent laughter. “Ha，ha, ha, so you’re out for business too to-night. Well, you won’t find anything for your back and belly here. I’ve searched this place from stem to stern, as barren as a desert, I’m sure I got into the wrong quarters.” The Captain perceived to his disagreeable surprise that the other mistook him for one of his own kind. Indeed lie did wear the appearance of a pure-bred hang-dog with liis slouch hat, his torn trousers and the weapon. In addition he had entered by the common means of all thieves; the delusion was complete. He determined to play a thief’s part for the nonce until some thing should turn his way that would enable him to seize the scoun drel. Something did turn up, but not in his favor. For the two were unexpectedly surprised by two police-officers. These had seen Firestone enter the house and came to do their duty. All the Captain’s remonstrances were of no avail he was caught in the act and was to be taken in custody. However, another party arrived on the scene and they proved to be the Captain’s deliverers. The widow had related the sudden departure of tlie Captain to lier guests whereupon the masculine visitors had come to his rescue just in time to save him from misery and shame. Circumstances were soon explained to the police, the Captain was set free and the officers hurried off with their prisoner. A short time after the Captain claimed the widow with a smack that had much more affection than ceremony in it. He had won a wife and—$100 that night. The German, however, made after him. “Look here, Captain, is it well to tell a Brussian gentleman to beat it? You have much offended me. Surely I was surprised that you should have so spoken.” “My dear friend,” the old soldier answered, shaking his head, would not hurt your feelings for the world. By George! If I come into the room while you are proposing t a lady you are wel come to use the strongest German verb to me that you can lay your tongue to. “You have proposed then?” cried the good-natured German, forgetting all about his grievance in an instant. "Yes. 二And been took—received by her?” Yes.”

Wunderbar! Three hochs for Frau Sweet, and another for ^auFirestone. We must drink a drink on it, we surely must.” su^denly lost all his dislike to the feminine sex. But ?ever have anything to do with any matter that touched T^L?atnmony being as he said “not such a sly dog>, as his companlonH. E. *18.

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DIE MISSION UNTER DEN ESKIMOS. Gronland, eine der grossten Inseln der Welt, erstreckt sich von sechzig Grad bis zum hochsten Norden. Diese Insel ist fast das ganze Jahr hindurch mit Eis bedeckt, and nur an der slid and siidostlichen Kiiste findet man Pflanzen. An vielen Stellen erstreckt sich das Eis bis zum Ufer. Grosse Eisblocke brechen los und schneiden den Zugang ab. Auf dieser Insel wohnen etwa zwolftausend Menschen. Gronland wurde zum ersten Mai im Jahre 877 von einem norwegischen Schiffer, Gunbjorn, erblickt, wurde aber eigentlich erst im Jahre 986 von einem Islander, Erich dem Roten entdeckt. Erich war ein Heide, aber seine Gemahlin, Thiodhilde, hatte das Christentum angenommen. Als Leif, Erichs Sohn, nach Norwegen zog, bewegte der Konig Olav Triggveson ihn, dass er bei seiner Riickkehr im Jahre 1004 einen Priester mit sich nahm. Viele wurden getauft und unterrichtet. Aber es war eigentlich kein Christentum, denn das Volk war hartnackig in seinem Aberglauben. Um das Jahr 1005 schien das Christentum festere Wurzel gefasst zu haben, denn auch die romische Kirche versuchte jetzt ihre Mission nach Norden auszudehnen. Im Jahre 1055 wurde Albert zum ersten Bischof von Gronland gemacht. Es wurden mehr Prediger hingeschickt., welche das Evangelium unter den Eskimos verbreiteten. Zwolf Kirchen wurden im ostlichen und vier im westlichen Tell des Landes gebaut. Dazu wurden noch etliche Klosterbauten aufgefiihrt. Obwohl diese Mission einen guten Anfang hatte, schritt sie wahrend der njichsten zwei Jahrhunderte doch nicht voran, denn die Bischofe waren nicht mit ihrer ganzen Seele bei der Arbeit. Dazu kam noch im Jahre 1348 der schwarze Tod nach Europa. Dise Seuche wutete besonders in Norwegen, aber gelangte nicht bis nach Gronland. Doch litt auch dieses Volk, denn der Handelsverkehr wurde abgebrochen, und neue Bischofe konnten nicht hingeschickt werden, obwohl die Kirche darauf sah, dass einer in GronÂ land blieb. Audi der Norweger Konig wollte das Reich Gottes in der Colonie erhalten, aber die Boote, die er aussandte, verungliickten meistens. Die Ureinwohner Gronlands verwiisteten viele Teile der Kolonie. Kirchen und Hauser wurden niedergebrannt. Die Bischofe, die in Gronland Mission treiben sollten, hatten meistens ihren Wohnsitz in Danemark, und, nachdem noch etliche Versuche gemacht waren, die Kirche wiederherzustellen, brach das Kirchenwesen des Nordens im Jahre 1453 vollig zusammen. In den nachsten zwei Jahrhunderten wurden mehrere Missionen angefangen, aber alle misslangen bis zur Zeit Hans Egedes. Hans Bgede wurde am 31. Januar 1686 geboren. Er vollendete in zwei Jahren seine Universitatsstudien, und wurde im einund zwanzigsten Lebensjahre als Prediger von Vaagen in den Nord-

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landen ernannt. Hier verheiratete er sich mit Gertrud Rask, die ihm eine treue Gehilfin war. Er hatte von der fruheren Mission in Gronland gehort, aber von den damaligen Zustanden konnte er nichts naheres erfahren, bis sein Schwager, der von Gronland zuruckkehrte, ihm erzahlte, dass dort unr wilde Heiden waren. Als er dieses horte, dachte er an das Wort des Herrn: Gehet hin in alle Welt and lehret alle Volker and taufet sie im Namen des Vaters, des Sohnes and des Heiligen Geistes. Und er sehnte sich, diesem Volk das Evangelium von Christo zu predigen. Alle seine Freunde und Verwandten widerrieten, denn er hatte ja eine Gemeinde. Auch seine Frau wollte es nicht. Also liess er sich uberreden, bei seiner Gemeinde zu bleiben. Aber er hatte keine Ruhe. Immer wieder dachte er an das Wort: Wer Vater Oder Mutter mehr liebt denn mich, der ist mein nicht wert. Hindernisse auf Hindernisse stellten sich ihm entgegen, aber zuletzt kam auch seine Frau zu der tJberzeugung, dass es Gottes Wille sei, dass er den Gronlandern das Evangelium predige. Er beschloss nun zu gehen. Als er aber von seiner Gemeinde Abschied nehmen wollte, zweifelte er doch wieder, und seine Frau musste ihn ermuntern. Im Jahre 1718 zog er mit seiner Frau und seinen vier Kindern nach. Bergen. In den nachsten zwei Jahren war nocli keine Hoffnung, nach Gronland zu gelangen. Egede und seine Frau wurden verspottet. Dennoch gelang es ihnen genug Geld zu sammeln, um ein Schiff zu kaufen. Auch der Konig willigte ein und bestimmte Egede ein jahrliches Gehalt. Am 3. Mai, 1721, segelte das Schiff mit sechundvierzig Menschen ab und am 12. Juni erblickten sie Gronland. Am 24. Juni waren sie von Eisbergen eingeklemmt, und alle Hoffnung schien verloren zu sein. Aber der Herr erhorte ihr Gebet und befreite sie, so dass sie am 3. Juli zu einer Insel kamen, welche sie die Hoffnungs-Insel nannten. > Egede baute sogleich eine Kirche und am 31. August liielt er seine erste Predigt. Ein paar Meilen vom Hafen waren ungefahr hundertundfunfzig Hutten und in jeder waren dreissig bis vierzig Einwohner. Aber Egede hatte zu geringe Kenntnisse von ihrer Sprache, und es dauerte lange Zeit, bis er die Sprache lernte. Er war freundlich gegen die Kinder, und diese wurden seine Freunde und Dolmetscher. Obwohl die Einwohner nicht wussten, warum Egede dahin gekommen sei, und obwohl er nicht ihr Landsmann war, liebten und ehrten sie ihn. Im Jahre 1722 schrieb er einen gronlandischen Katechismus fur seine Schuler. Es dauerte nicht lange, da hatten sie in ganz Gronland von Egede gehort, und wenn er in fremde Teile reiste, wurde er freundlichst aufgenommen. Wo er in ein Zelt ging, sammelte sich eine grosse Menge vor der Tiir, um ihn reden zu horen. Im Jahre 1723 wurde ihm ein Heifer, AlÂ bert Top. geschickt. Um mehr Missionare auszubilden, schickte Egede etliche Gronlander nach Bergen, um sie unterrichten zu lassen. Als die Einwohner im Herbst Reisen machten, um Wallfische

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zu fangen, zog Egede mit und verbreitete so das Wort Gottes. Nach diesen Reisen kamen die Gronlander scharenweise und besuchten ihn, um seine Predigten zu horen. Und wenn einer krank wurde, war es Egede, der ihn trosten musste. Aber Egede war im Zweifel , of er diese Heiden taufen sollte, denn er fiirchtete, das Sacrament mochte entheiligt werden. Obwohl viele ihn baten, sie zu taufen, wies er sie ab. Im Jahre 1725 hatte Egede schon ein grosseres Missionsfeld, so dass es fast zu viel Arbeit fur ihn war. Also musste sein Sohn Paul, der damals achtzehn Jahre alt war, ihm helfen. Wenn aber die Eskimos im Sommer ihre Reisen machten, vergassen sie alles, und nach ihrer Riickkehr musste er von Neuem anfangen, sie zu unterrichten. Egede fasste nun den Entschluss, Seminarien zu bauen um Prediger auszubilden, aber dazu fehlten ihm die Mittel. In diesem Jahre wurde auch seine Kolonie Godthaab durch Hollander verwlistet. Egede baute diese wieder auf. Obwohl er mit den Eskimos in Ruhe leben konnte, war er unter den Straflingen, die dort als Soldaten dienten seines Lebens niemals sicher. Nach dem Tode Friedrichs IV. im Jahre 1730 wurde beschlossen, dass die Mission unter den Eskimos wegen der grossen Ausgaben ganz aufgegeben werden sollte. Egede wollte in Gronland bleiben, wenn er auch nicht unterstutzt wurde. Auch die Einwohner baten ihn, sie nicht zu verlassen. Auf das eine Ungliick folgte nun noch ein grosseres. Von den Gronlandern, die er nach Bergen geschickt hatte, waren alle bis auf einen gestorben, und dieser Knabe kehrte zuriick. Er brachte eine Krankheit mit, die man zuerst nur fur Ausschlag hielt. Spater aber stellte es sicli heraus, dass es die Blattern waren. Die Kranklieit wutete flirchterlich von September 1733 bis zum Juni 1734, denn die Einwoliner zogen von Ort zu Ort, um vor der Seuche zu fiielien, und in kurzer Zeit wurde sie uber das ganze Land yerbreitet. Egede nahm so viele, als in seiner Hiitte Raum hatten, auf und mit Hilfe seiner Frau und Kinder pfiegte er sie. Wenn die Eltern starben, iiberliessen sie ihre Kinder ihrem lieben Prediger, Man sah bei den Sterbenden, dass besonders die Kinder das Wort Gottes angenommen hatten, und auch viele Erwachsene starben im Glauben an ihren Heiland. Als die Seuche im Jahre 1734 aufhorte, waren von den zweihundert Familien, welche in diesen Kolonien gewohnt hatten, kaurn drei ubrig. So schien Egede’s Arbeit vergeblich. Aber er hatte einen Trost, namlich, sie seien im Glauben an den Heiland gestorben. Im Jahre 1735 durch die Anstrengung der Krankenpflege erkrankt, starb Egede’s Frau. Nach dem Tode seiner frommen Gattin, fing auch Egede’s Lei den an. Durch korperliche und geistliche Anstrengungen gequalt, tiberliess Egede im Jahre 1736 die Mission seinem Sohn und verliess Gronland, nachdem er dort funfzehn Jahre dem Herrn ge-

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dient hatte. In Copenhagen unterrichtete er spater in der gronlandischen Sprache und bildete neue Missionare aus. Bei dieser Arbeit blieb er bis ein Jahr vor seinem Tode. Er starb am 6. No vember, 1758. Aber die Mission horte nicht mit Hans Egede auf. Sein Sohn Paul unterrichtete neue Lehrer und schickte sie nach. Gronland, so dass das Wort Gottes unter ihnen blieb. So konnen wir sehen, wie viel ein Mann mit Gottes Hilfe ausrichten kann. Unter den Eskimos finden sich jetzt nur sehr wenige, die nicht zum christlichen Glauben gekommen sind. Und es war Egede’s bestandige Arbeit und sein Beten, das dies Volk durch Gottes Gnade zum Heiland brachte. W. E. Z. ’16

There was a little man, and he had a little soul And he said, “little soul, let us try, try, try!” A small service is true service while it lasts. Of humble friends, bright creature, scorn not one. The daisy, by the shadow that it casts, Protects the lingering dewdrops from the sun. —Wordsworth.

Let every man be occupied and occupied in the highest em ployment of which he is capable, and die with the consciousness ―Smith. that he has done his best.

Real joy comes not from ease, not from riches, not from the applause of men, but from having done things that are worth while. 一Grenfell.

Be honest! Even with yourself! Some beings can believe their ?wn lies. Don’t enroll your name on the self-deceivers* list. There is no hope for you if you do. 一B. Lee.

Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow. He who would search for pearls must dive below. 一Dryden.

THE BLACK AND RED Publi«ked Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern CoIIcffe.

EDITORIAL STAFF ADELBBRT F. WESTENDORF f\6

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BUSINESS MANAGERS

既WkW溫溫ER, “

BUSINESS MANAGER ADVERTISING MANA'GER

DEPARTMENT EDITORS EXCHANGES HENRY I. BRANDT M6 •. ATHLETICS HELMUTH W. SCHAEFER M7 DB REBUS OMNIBUS GERTRUDE M. SCHLUETER 916 COLLEGE NOTES ELMER C. KIESSLING M7 • LOCALS OTTO C. KLAYE M8 • . CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM GUSTAV J. SCHLEGEL ”7 . Contrlbuttonj to the Litcrarf Dcp«rlmcnt arc requested from Alumnf ana untfcrgraduatci. AH literary matter ahould b« addressed to the Editor-in-ChUf and all business communlcatioru to the Busincu Manager. The terms of subscriptions arc I Dollar per annum, payable In advance* SlngU copies, t 5 c«nti« olicontlnucd* Surnm not acccotcd in oavincnt. Notify ua if foo wbh rouf luidrcu ch^natd or Tour o Advcrtiiing rates furnished upon applicAtion. TIm Black aid Rtd is forwarded to all subjeribera until order for Jt» dUcontlnuanc* la received o? the aub acHbcr U more than one year In arreAra* Entered at the Poitofflcc of Watertown, Wfa»9aa accond-clau matter*

AT T1IK BEGINNING OF A ]VEW YEAR. The portals of the past have closed upon the year 1915. Invol untarily we take a retrospective glance and consider: What has it done for us? We find that we have in some ways improved; we have learned and discovered things which deserve our interest; we find that we have become a little more adapted to fight our own way through the world. The past year has given us things of value. But we have also acquired habits that are reprehensible. There are certain ruts into which we have glided, and in the past year we have become so used to them that we find it difficult to free our selves; little habits of carelessness, unpunctuality, or perhaps even stronger habits that could be termed vices. The counteract the im provements and often outweigh them. Without a doubt at most every one feels that some such habit has grown upon him. With a small, scarcely perceptible start it has by the end of the year grown into a strong vice. With the close of tlie year we look back and find that we have grown lax in our watchfulness and have let these habits encroach upon us. Imme diately we call to aid all kinds of resolutions with which we want to meet them. But these are usually of no avail. A short time passed and we are again in the midst of those things which we hoped to avoid. The habits have had too much time; nothing hindered their

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growth. They have become almost too strong to offer any oppor tunity of resistance. The yearly retrospection is not sufficient to ward them off. We must look back over our actions and thoughts oftener than once in a year. Every week, every day should end with a serious, unrelenting introspection. Then only can we detect our faults in their incipiency when they are more easily combated. The fight may be oftener, more continuous, but also more certain of victory. A. P. W. THE LITERARY COLUMN.

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It has been argued by some exchange editors that the literary column should contain only fiction, extending as a reason that this is the only method by which the writer can fully tax his imagina tive powers and at the same time interest his readers. Just such, criticisms on the literary columns tend to lower its standard, for the prime object of a writer is to produce something that will in terest his readers. If he is brought to believe that only such stories interest them he will naturally resort to storywriting. This is our opinion on incorrect use of this column, for it is the one column to wliicli all students of a school can contribute, anc? to it the ex change editors look for the productions of the ablest students of the institution. To ask these to write only fiction stories when they are capable of things greater would be nothing short of ridiculous. What is the intrinsic value of these stories? They serve very ably as a lighter reading material, but as heavy reading matter we must have articles, essays, and the like. It has been urged that these are mostly only an unsuccessful reproduction of some original found in an encyclopaedia. It is true that if such articles can be made to be nothing more than that, they are not only of no value but disreputable. But must they necessarily always oe such, as some attempt to lead us to believe? Indeed not. Conceded that this argument holds good, then the logical conclusion must neces sarily be that most attempts to expound an historical event would be literary piracy. But it seems to us that the honorable advocate of the fiction stories has entirely forgotten that every historical event, every biography, in fact everything, can be treated from dif ferent points of view, and that human minds and human manners differ so greatly that it is impossible for two to treat a topic in the same way unless one deliberately steals ideas from the other. If any student possesses ingenuity enough to treat a much discussed topic from an altogether new viewpoint, we feel assured that his production will not contain only “trite trueisms” and can vouch that it will be universally accepted with greater pleasure than tlie common fiction stories. We must retain both—fiction and essays, H. J. B. but if one must cease to be, let it be the fiction.

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riiHoiimtliean Program，Dec. 11, 1915. 1.

Selections

N. W. C. Band. Opening address by the president A. F. Westendorf. J. Sturm 3. Wie schon leuclitet der Morgen tern— A. Zeisler. J. Studte 4. Treusclnvur Theo. Bauer. Kjerulf 5. The Nightingale. Pliilomathean Quartette. 6. Ein gut Geschiift C. Koch. 0. Ecke 7. On the acquisition of Mexico R. Timmel. 8. Das Zeichen des Kreuzes G. Schlegel. 9. Selections Senior Class Trio. Special credit is due to the members of the Philomathean, in being able to work out this unique, interesting, and instructive program. Everything went without a hitch and starting either from the beginning and going down the line, or setting foot at the end and retracing one’s steps, every number was its forerunner’s superior, which simply resolves itself into. All were very good; excepting, as on satirist remarked, that the G string of the guitar in the Senior Class Trio was slightly out of tune for the first piece, 2.

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which naturally caused a few minor chords. Fate must, however, be blamed for this. Pres. Westendorfs speech was a model, as re gards form and contents. He showed the real object of the literary societies and pointed out that the benefits derived from them were well worth the time sacrificed and the labor expended, even tho they were nothing more than learning to work diligently and well and eliminating to some extent the undesirable factor stage fright from the heart of the tremulous debutant. G. Schlegel’s original work, Das Zeichen des Kreuzes, staged at the time of the Christian persecution of Nero, well deserved the general applause which it received. Mr. R. Timmel’s comic impersonation of a Mexican statesman was also excellent.

LYCEUM LITERARY SOCIETY MEETING.

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The following program, arranged by Master of Ceremonies W. Sprengler, was rendered on the eve of Saturday, Dec. 18, 1915, by members of the Lyceum Literary Society. 1. Selections N. W. C. Band. 2. Address W. Zank. S. G. Porter 3. False Neutrality and Retributive Justice P. Naumann. Herder 4. Der Gerettete Jungling W. Meyer. 5. The Old Clock on the Stairs H. W. Longfellow S. Hermann. J. W. Prank 6. Adventslied___ Weihnachtslied Senior Octette. 7. Des Deutschen Pfarrer’s Opfer ftir’s Yaterland J. Henning Beach 8. Farewell, Old Year P. Eickmann. 9. The Night Before Christmas. C. C. Moore H. Schumacher. 10. Selections N. W. C. Band. The address by Pres. Zank was characterized by its appropri ateness and its sound, practical advice to the members of the Ly ceum and also to those of the audience. Nothing, of course, can be accomplished without assiduous and painstaking work on the part of the former, while the visitors on the other hand ought to consider themselves bound by the mere rules of politeness to refrain from any untoward or noisy behaviod whatsoever, for this always annoys the speaker as well as the attentive listener. Of

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the other speakers P. Naumann deserves most praise in his render ing of Rep. S. G. Porter’s speech on False Neutrality and Retribu tive Justice. Without being a so-called hyphenate or GermanAmerican, Mr. S. G. Porter, nevertheless, proves that our govern ment shows a strong partiality for England. Mr. H. Schumacher seems to have made a happy selection when he decided to speak the pretty and innocent little Xmas poem entitled The Night Be fore Xmas. It carried the audience back to those blissful and en chanted times when Santa Claus was yet a reality. How sad that they are gone forever. In the whole program there was hardly a number that was not landed for some feature or other by the able critic Prof. E. E. Kowalke. PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY MEETING JAN. 8, 1916. The program ran as follows: 1. Selections Played on the new graphaphone. 2. A New Year’s Address Edward Brooks Miss A. Kortegast. 3. Gottesmauer Brentano Fritz Brandt 4. De Wedd Fritz Reuter Miss G. Schlueter. 5. Selections Graphaphone. 6. Das Scliloss Eger___ Theodore Fontane W. Rtezlaff. 7. Our Minister’s Sermon Floyd Hannemann. Adolf Pr. Gr. von Schack 8. Der Triumphator Karl Kuske. 9. Hush, yo honey, hush J. S. Parks N. W. C. Quartette. Altho the program itself came up to the usual standard in every way, the main feature of the evening undoubtedly was the new graphaphone, upon which several (cl) renditions of classical numbers were played, among them being Rossini’s Overture to Wil liam Tell, the Sword Song from Wagner’s Siegfried, and P. Liszts Second Rhapsodie. Of the speakers Miss G. Schlueter, Miss A. Kortegast and Mr. W. Retzlaff were most lauded by the critic, Mr. H. Parisius. BAND. H. Schaefer, Pres. W. Sprengler, V. Pres. A. Zeisler, Sec. W. Lehmann, Libr.

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ORCHESTRA. E. Kiessling, Pres. W. Sprengler, V. Pres. O. Klaye, Sec. T. Boettcher, Libr. As concerns the troubles of these two venerable organizations, suffice it it say that they have been eliminated to the extent of half their magnitude thru the handsome and thankfully accepted gift of two hundred dollars from the Jubilee Committee of last June. That this act might prove the precedent of a host of similar ones! Thus financially we are “well fixed,” so to say, for this year. Beyond that we can hardly venture to speculate with our present funds, for we have expended much in the way of repairing instruments, buying new ones, etc., all of which should have been done some two or three years ago already. Musically both band and orchestra are as ever harassed by that encroaching monster whose characteristics are lack of enthu siasm and energy and love for tardiness and laxity; not to forget the absence of musical skill and appreciation. Considering, how ever, that music is our avocation in the strictest sense of the word, and that most of our players are antodidacts, we can already look back over a very successful period of practice during this schoolyear. The numbers selected for our first concert comprise several difficult compositions, such as Echoes from the Metropolitan Opera in the band and Weber’s Overture to Oberon in the orchestra. Fortunately we are under the leadership of a very able director, Prof. H. Duetzmann, yet it must be admitted that little could be attained, were not the students willing to devote all available time to the practice of their parts. It is expected that the full program for our concert will be ready for the February issue. The personel of the band is somewhat different from that of last year. Thru graduation last June three eminent virtuosos bade our circle adieu, viz. L. Drowatzky, clarinet, P. Lutzke, baritone, and M. Wehausen, cornet. Sprengler was therefore transferred from bass to baritone, while Zeisler, the solo saxaplionist of last year, now rends the air with the sinister tones of the tuba. The clarinet section is somewhat stronger than last year, while the trombones have received an experienced player in the person of Mr. W. Lueckel, who has kindly consented to lend liis services to both band and orchestra. Edward Blakewell plays soprano saxaphone and this, it is hoped, says enough for the saxaphones. The orchestra is much the same as it was last year, having experienced its greatest loss in the non-appearance of George Tegtmeyer, our master cellist of former years. Among the numerous violins, however, who presented themselves for admittance there is, sad to say, no one that gives promise of developing into a genius. So we must plod on faithfully with, talent only, and yet what a

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boon it would have been the other way. At the very last moment comes the delightful news that Mr. Westendorf is making remark able progress on the snare drum. This is undoubtedly due to the sweet-toned instrument on which lie is privileged to play and which was purchased by Mr. Helmuth W. Schaefer as early as last fall from Messrs. Conn and Co. There is also a whisper abroad to the effect that Mr. Schaefer is going to present said instrument to our two sister organizations; perhaps toward the end of this year. Who can tell? ’Twere a consummation devoutly to be wished and be sides ’tis well known that Mr. Schaefer’s generosity and philanthopy know no bounds. Let us hope for the best! THE MALE CHORUS. Cl. F. Fuelling, Pres. W. Sprengler, V. Pres. W. Zank, Sec. L. Bernthal, Libr. C. Schmidt, Asst. Libr. Altho the organization did not become active until after the close of the Football season, we may well congraulate it on its suc cess so far, in spite of another great handicap. When the society organized for the present year, it was noticed with (disuc) sincere regret that only twenty-two members of the last year’s society re turned to school. Recruiting notices were at once made public and we can now say that with the aid of twenty-eight recruits the mem bership has again reached the mark of fifty. (But) Not only in membership, however, does it toe the mark set by organizations of previous years, but also in quality. At least our director, Prof. H. Duetzmann, maintains that with a little effort the present so ciety will in blit short time be up to, yes, even surpass the standard set by the organizations of past years. The first public appear ance of the chorus will take place at the concert given by all the musical organizations in the near future. C. F. F. DONATION OF GRAPHAPHONE. On Christmas morning there was received a letter at Northwestern which announced the glad news that our institution was to receive a Christmas gift. With some misgivings, as to whether fate would be so kind, (our) we waited in joyful anticipation, and when but few minutes later there arrived a large case which, proved to be the fulfillment of the statement in the letter, our happiness was complete. On opening the box it was found to contain a beautiful yictor graphaphone and several records. After inquiring, as to the donor of this handsome present, we are told that it is Mrs. Sophia Meyer, a prominent member of St. John’s church in Milwaukee.

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Only a few months ago several ladies of this, Rev. Brenner’s con gregation donated several pictures to our college, which now adorn the walls of the recitation hall. For all this we wish to express our heart (fel) iest thanks. The phonograph, as is elsewhere men tioned, made its debut on the niglit of Jan. 8 before the assembled students. It is most interesting and instructive to hear the best music rendered by the best artists on this instrument, but above all we appreciate the spirit which prompted the gift. That we will always strive to remember and again we thank you. ELECTION OF MANAGER. The following were chosen as manager and assistant manager of the next season’s football team: W. Retzlaff ’17, and O. Klaye ’18.

AUS DEM SEMINAR.

Das zweite Tertial begann am 5. Jan. Die Wahl der Coetusbeamten fand auch an diesem Tage statt. Herr W. Hartwig ist unser neuer Prases. Sonst blieben die alten Beam ten am Ruder namlich: Herr L. Koeninger, Vice-Prases; Herr W. Behrens, Sekretar; Herr W. Schumann, Scliatzmeister. Herr Alfred Schroder aus Milwaukee, fruher ein Student des N. W. C., statete am 6. Dez. Herrn M. Glaser und sonstigen alten Freunden einen Besuch ab. Am 7. Dez. reiste Herr W. Keibel nach Cedarburg, wo er der Feier des vierzigjahrigen Amtsjubilaums seines Vaters beiwohnte. Der kleine Prases der N. W. C. Kapelle, Herr I-I. Schafer weilte am 11. und 12. Dez. unter uns. Unser Orchester unterhielt Herrn Schafer eine Zeitlang am Sonntagnachmittag, indem es in meisterhafter Weise verschiedene klassisclie Stucke vortrug. Herr Lehrer W. Kirschke und Herr Graf, beide aus Milwaukee, besuchten Herrn G. Fischer und andere Bekannten am 10. Dez. Student H. Palmbach aus Madison hielt sich ein paar Stunden am 17. Dez. bei uns auf. Herr Palmbach,，13，N. W. C.，studiert Chemic und wird im Juni seinen Kursus absolvieren. Am 12. Dez. predigte Herr W. Schumann in Cuba City, Wis. Als Gaste am 6. Jan. haben wir zu vermelden: Herrn M. Ave Lallemant, fruher ein Photograph in Watertown, jezt aber im Eisenwaarengeschaft in Iron Ridge, und Herrn Pastor P. Eggert, aus Abrams, Wis. Unser neuer Lehrer, Herr Prof. H. Meyer, wurde am 10. Jan. in sein Amt eingefuhrt. Herr Direktor Schaller und Prof. Meyer hielten kurze Ansprachen.

To all our exchanges we wish a bright and prosperous New Year; may your advancement be yet more marked than in the past and may a higher literary standard continue to be your goal. The editor of this column also wishes to acknowledge the personal greet ings received from the various exchanges during the Christmas recess. THE CRESSET. The Cresset, coming to us from Red Wing, Minn., always pre sents ail inviting appearance. The frontispiece, a cut of your : inary, is both clear and beautiful and its surroundings reve an ideal location for an institution of learning. The watchword head ing the literary column is peculiar to your paper and serves as an able introduction to the column as a whole. . , The first two subjects in this column are fiction stones betitting to the season—Christmas. The first “Christinas Eve is moulded on a somewhat hackneyed plot. A wealth of just such st P pear about Christmas time. If the thoughts of writers seriously incline toward a wretched being on a doorstep or in a drain, etc., as a befitting topic to expaned upon, we might perhaps, not at tempt to criticize it; but it seems to us that these stereotype plots, should be avoided as much as possible. Other plots will dr the author^ ideas as well as this kind and will show a great aeai more originality. The language of the story is acceptable, out tne paragraphing could have been better observed. In a snor ry of this kind the plot advances rapidly and this makes good trans itions difficult and long paragraphs wellnigh impossible. i0 J11 more paragraphs than are absolutely necessary in a story oi t kind only tends to heighten the confusion. Make it a rule to na as few paragraphs as possible, and make each one a unit in ltseii, for short sentences scattered separately over the entire page re-

280

THE BLACK AND RED.

fleet both on the writer’s ability to bring minor thought under one heading and on his knowledge governing composition. However, there are also many good traits in this story, the characters es pecially, were true to nature. The second Christmas -story, “Francis Appleton’s Gift,” is very interesting and instructive. Instructive, insofar as it tells us that we should never expect gifts because they were wont to make their appearance annually before,but should learn to harbor no ill will against a friend tho lie has perhaps forgotten us with a token of friendship on Christmas. The editor will not attempt to comment upon the value of the scenic articles—other than on the language which was good, in all一for though he appreciates beautiful scenery, his lack of poet ical feeling and fertile imagination—though he hopes that these are only dormant—prevents him from assuming the role of a judge on the attempts to bring these requisite landscapes before the public eye. The editorial is very timely, and the facts therein should be remembered by those who look upon Christmas as a time to receive valuable presents, forgetting entirely how the usage origi nated and in what spirit it was originally carried on. “It is the latter (the spirit) which really counts, and if you be poor in a worldy sense, and therefore your gift seems to you to be very small, if it be purely an expression of kind, unselfish attention, it will bring to the recipient a feeling of peace and contentment in remembrance of a valued friend.” The other columns are all somewhat brief except the “Locals.” Your “Jokes” contains little original matter. The exchanges could be treated more exhaustively.

111 habits gather by unseen degress,— As brooks make rivers, rivers run to seas.

—Dryden.

Whoso neglects learning in his youth loses the past and is dead for the future. —Euripides. Slight not what is near through aiming at what is far. 一Euripides.

bewatllS^ 0Ught t0 aCC6pt hiS thr°WS - he Hpt%sn0t

CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT IN CHINA. Some people have such an exalted opinion of a republic that they believe it to be absolutely the best form of government for all peoples and conditions, the only one under which one can en joy perfect freedom and all the rights of a free citizen. Yet there is one country where they evidently do not think so any more—if ever they did—and that is China. Tlieir republic was inaugurated on the twelfth of February, 1912, as an experiment and, having failed, must again make way for a monarchy. In reality it ceased to exist a long time ago. Soon after his inauguration as President in October, 1913, Yuan Shi Kai dis solved the Legislature and has since been acting practically as an absolute monarch. The precarious situation of China in the present war, its own internal affairs, the attitude of other nations toward her, especially the encroachments of Japan made it desirable that a change in government be made. The majority of the people did not seem averse to such a change. In order to ascertain their opinion the question was put to vote, fifteen of the eighteen prov inces voted unanimously in favor of it. At the meeting of the council of state on December 11 in Peking it was found that 1,993 out of 243 representatives had also voted in its favor. The revolutionary movement in 1911 had been animated by dissatisfaction with the corruption and impotency of the Manchu regime, without particular desire for a change in tlie form of gov ernment. The masses of the Chinese people have no definite po litical ideas and are indifferent to the form of government. Their chief desire is peace and quietude in the country and Yuan is un doubtedly the ablest one to satisfy them. He proved himself able to handle the critical situation following upon the heels of the revolution of 1911, and accomplished very much for the good of the country. It is hoped that he will be able to maintain law and order to a greater degree as an absolute monarch. At first he de clined the proffered throne, but yielded to a second petition from the council of state.

282

THE BLACK AND BED.

The Chinese return to their old form of government. They dethroned one monarch, and substituted a more able one, altho it was accomplished at the expense of much, time and trouble.

THE DILE皿A OF GREECE.

;

The King of Greece and his people are facing a very perplex ing question. The Amassadors of different nations are exerting their whole influence to draw them into the conflict on the side of the Allies. For a long time two strong dissenting parties existed in the country; the one, King Constantine and his adherents, wanted peace and strict neutrality, the other, with Premier Venizelos at the head, favored the Allies and endeavored to precipitate the country into war on their side. In May the King dissolved Parliament, but the party of Venizelos was successful in the new elections and he regained liis position. Forced to resign thro the energetic pro ceeding of tlie King on October 4, Zaimis, a conservative, took his place. But not for long, for Parliament forced him to resign. Again the King interposed his personal influence, dissolved this Parliament also, and ordered new elections on December 19. Their outcome was conclusive. The followers of former Premier Venize los took almost no part in tlie voting, and a large majority of the members returned support Mr. Gounaris, the Premier, who carried into effect King Constantine’s determination to keep Greece neu tral. But now other complications set in. After the conquest of Servia the Anglo-French troops retreated southward into Greece and entrenched themselves at Salonica, intending to make it their basis of further operations. They also landed many more troops and ammunition and are keeping a strong fleet in the harbor. On the suspicion that they were giving information about the defenses, the Austrian, German and Turkish consuls were arrested and transported, and their papers seized. The Greek government pro tested vehemently against this violation of their neutrality. Is it not a greater atrocity that the passage of the Germans thro Bel gium? Yet no one else dares voice a protest. It is the attempt of the Allies to force them into tlie war. Great credit is due to the King, who has so admirably succeeded in carrying out his deter mination so far. But even he is powerless against the encroach ments of the Allies. There are no points of the compass on the chart of true patriotism. ―Winthrop.

\«v.

一Walter Meyer, ’18, ex-Minnesota, spent the Xmas holidays with his grandmother, who resides in Chicago. —Wm. Krichbaum, ’17, is again with us after being absent for about six weeks. —Homer Williams, Prep., visited at home Jan. 8. —111 Fate again made a flying tackle when she landed a victim in the person of Arthur Sh. Matzke. Matzke is, as very nearly the whole world knows, a viking of the great north woods of Door county. And as is quite natural, wood-chopping is considered one of the Seven Arts there. Now Matzke, who is most proficient in the Seven Arts of the civilized world, determined also to become adept at the swinging of the axe. After minutes and days of assiduous labor, that good soul reached the high-water mark of protection. Thereupon his comb began to swell to an enormous size and the thought struck him that it weren’t a bad idea to exhibit his skill to tlie rubes of the community. A date was set and from all corners of Door county came representatives of all three sexes to witness the performance. The first stroke fell. Cheering applause resounded from the enthusiastic audience. And the performer raised the axe for the second blow—the fatal one. For when it descended it not only cleft the log, but pursued its annihilating course through the furthermost member of the toe family of his sinister foot. With a hair-raising yelp and a few quotations from Homer, Arthur dropped that instrument of death and destruction and ran into the house. Luckily there were on the supper-table that night some dainty, deliciously greasy pancakes, and Arthur’s wrath was im mediately appeased and his agony began to abate.”

284

THE BLACK AND RED.

—Fred Zeisler stopped off on his way to school, to visit his brother Adolf, ‘18. 一Friend Timmel presented himself and his suitcase in our halls on the 6th of January after we had thought him dead ana gone for ever, as he, the soul of punctuality, had not been present at the opening recess. —Paul Behn, Prep., arrived late at school on January 8. —Walter Bodamer, ’17, iniikt the cows on the estate of C. G. Schmidt's family during the holidays. Some people certainly don’t pity their cows. —Herbert Lau,，18, was visited by Santa Claus at his uncle’s place at Iron Ridge. ―Oconomowoc, the town that made Timmel famous, enjoyed tlie presence of Henry J. Brandt, ’16, who devoured the holiday meals at the home of Ray Timmel. This visit of Henry’s will be remembered in the town of Coonie for time immemorial. As a matter of fact, Henry J.’s portrait topped the society news column of the Coonie “Gazette” three times within two weeks. ―With the advent of the new year Ben James Westendorf has again returned to the caresses of Alma Mater and to the ranks of the exponents of knowledge, the class of ’18. —Christian Pingel, ex-’17, now of St. Louis, visited in Watertown during the holiday recess. —Miss Alma Pingel, ex-’15, visited with friends during the holiday week.

:i: .

—Edward C. Blakewell, *18, our happy medium, is the infatuated possessor of the very latest in sheet-music. It is in the form of an enticing waltz entitled “La Vernie.” (This has no reference to any thing, its an actual truth.) As it is written for the saxophone, Chuck indulges in the “tooting” of it very often. It is a very suggestive selection, especially for Chuck it is full of meaning an d significance. —B ell and Ed. Lange, ’18，skated to Jefferson on the ice, on January 8. Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, these three alone lead life to sovereign power. —Tennyson.

I ATHLETICS It has already been mentioned in the last number that the inter-class basketball games will be played off after the Christmas recess. The first two games are to be played on Saturday, Jan. 15. Probably it would be of interest to the friends of Northwestern to know what otl\er branches of athletics are indulged in during the winter months besides basketball. The students maintain a military company which affords some exercise for its members. Up â&#x20AC;&#x2122;till now the company has been using some old Springfield rifles while drilling, but it is hoped that before the year is over a complete new set of more modern rifles will be bought, since the company is the recipient of $600 as a result of the 50th anniversary celebration. Drill is slated for Mondays, TuesÂ days, Thursdays and Fridays, and all classes from the Sophomores down must take drill at least once a week. The athletic director has also organized a number of gym classes, one whose training consists in the manipulation of the dumb bells and Indian clubs, and also a few who make use of other gymnasium apparatus. These classes come together on various days of the week and are under the personal supervision of the athletic director. The running track is also used quite extensively and also the battery room by future members of the baseball team. The bowling alleys in the basement of the gymnasium are in use nearly all the time except during recitations. Whenever the Faculty lias no afternoon reÂ served for its members, students of the college are permitted to bowl the alleys, provided they are accompanied by a faculty member. Since the Faculty as a whole seldom bowls, excepting after the weekly meeting on Wednesday, the alleys are used mostly by the upper classes.

THE BLACK AND BED.

286

Of the athletic activities of the co-eds we know practically nothing, only that they have the gymnasium for themselves on Tuesdays and Fridays. Occasionally we perceive a dull rumbling noise on these days in the gym which leads us to believe that the co-eds also indulge in the art of bowling. Then again, a basket ball here and there is seen flying past one of the windows and there fore, undoubtedly, the girls must play basketball, too. Outside of this, however, we can say nothing at all.

At a meeting of the manager of the various class teams the followin g schedule was made and adopted. Westendorf and Froehlke, ，16; Gruendemann and Gutzke,，17; Henning and Duxe, ’18; Leh mann and F. Brandt, ’19, were appointed to o—ciate at the games. C. Fuelling was again, as in the previous two years selected as official scorer and timekeeper. The schedule:

''i

•I I! ;

Date Sat., Jan. 15. Wed., Jan. 19. Sat., Jan. 22. Wed., Jan. 26. Sat., Jan. 29. Wed., Feb. 2. Sat., Feb. 5. Wed., Feb. 9. Sat., Feb. 12. Wed., Feb. 16. Sat., Feb. 19. Wed., Feb, 23.

Period I. Sen.-Jun. Sen.-Soph. Sen.-Fresh. Jun.-Sen. Jun.-Soph. Jun.-Fresh. Soph.-Sen. Soph.-Jun. Soph.-Presli. Presh.-Sen. Fresh.-Jun. Presh.-Soph.

Period II. Soph.-Fresh. Jun.-Fresh. Jun.-Soph. Soph.-Presli. Sen.-Fresh. Sen.-Soph. Jun.-Fresli. Sen.-Fresh. Sen.-Jun. Jun.-Soph. Sen.-Soph. Jun.-Sen.

He that plants thorns must never expect to gather roses. —Pilpay. Diligence increases the fruit of toil. A diliatory man wrestles with losses. —Hesoid. God answers sharp and sudden on some prayers, And thrusts the thing we prayed for in our face, A gauntlet with a gift in ’t. —Browning.

—Please remove that speck of dust from your upper lip! 黌

翁##

一Summer weather, winter time Do at present fairly rhyme. 躑*

称#

—“Mother,” asked a little girl, when a number of guests were present at dinner, “will the desert hurt me, or is there enough to go round?’， * # # # —“Are trains always on time?” “No, but of course they always are when you are a few min utes late yourself.” 一A shoemaker left the gas turned on in his shop one night and upon arriving in the morning struck a match to light it. A terrific explosion followed and the shoemaker was blown out through, the door, almost to the middle of the street. “Are you hurt,” asked a policeman who came to his assistance. The shoemaker gazed into his place of business, which was now burning quite briskly, and said: “No, I ain’t hurt. But I got out sliust in time, eh?” #

今##

—“Ich bedauere Ihren Schumacher, gnadiges Fraulein.M “Warum?” . “Der arme Mann muss sich ja beim Massnehmen total die Augen verderben. —Student A: “Du siehst ja heute so verdriesslich aus, was ist dir denn passiert?” Student B: “Ich wollte mich iiber etwas argern, wurde aber gestort, und nun studiere ich schon drei Stunden dariiber nach und weiss nicht, was es war.”

I'-

THE BLACK AND BED.

288

―Farmer: “I’ll give you five dollars a month andI your b oard!” Applicant: “Aw, what do you think I am, a colle ge graduate?” —Returned Traveler: “Over in Europe they serve wine like water.” His Friend: “Tliat，s the way they serve coffee and tea at our boarding houses here in America.” W

..C

—First Neighbor: “You lost your dog, why don’t you ad vertise?” Second Neighbor: ‘‘What，s the use, the dog can’t read.” 本本率

—A boy who had often heard his father talk about the Civil war, finally asked: “Father, did any one help you put down the rebellion?” —Johnny was sent to the cellar to draw a pitcher of cider. ■When he got back, the guest commended him, “You must have good judgment to fill the pitcher so accur ately in the dark without letting anything run over.” “Aw, that ain’t hard/* replied Johnny. “You see when the cider got up to the first joint of my thumb I stopped.” —“Is not Deeds the lawyer a rather extravagant man.” “By no means, I know him to make one suit last for several years. 一“I have a new job now in a glue factory.” “I suppose now you’ll stick there.” 一Boarder: “I’d like to see something fresh at the table once in a while.>, Housewife: “Why don’t you change your seat so that you can face the looking-glass?M —Ein Student von geringen Kenntnissen verabschiedete sich bei einem seiner Professoren und sagte ihm unter anderen Komplimenten: “Ihnen verdanke ich alles, was ich weiss.” “Ach!Y Erwiederte der Professor ebenfalls lioflicli, erwahnen Sie doch nicht eine solche Kleiningkeit.” —What is a financial pessimist? A man who is afraid to look pleasant for fear his friends might touch him for a loan.

We Sell Satisfaction ii ■u

as Well as Clothes Clothes Satisfaction means good wear, good appearance and the maximum in workmanship and ma terials for the price you pay. Our policy in selling you

Sincerity Clothes is to give you the fullest possible measure of each of these essentials in everything you purchase at our store, no matter whether it be the lowest priced suit in the house or the most expensive. Your clothes money means much to you in personal comfort, appearance and business and social standing. You want the most it will buy. You get it here.

Sincerity Clothes，$15 to $28

_man_r4ae«;_ Corner Main and Third Streets.

THE SINCERITY CLOTHES SHOP

George Zoelle’s

Barber Shop

Right Across from the Postoffice

STUDENTS:

deposit your funds with this bank and make all payments by check. No matter how small—your account will receive careful attention.

BANK OF WATERTOWN in 班

'QElie ©liicst

THE BEST AMXiKiCAN MAKE”

THE Horn. VOIGT BARBER WILDROOT GOOD DANDRUFF REMOVER Watertown, Wis. 119 West Main St.

“THE JUNIATA” WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of

CIGARS, TOBACCO AND VEIOUCIT YOUK PATRONAGE

PIPES

2M WEST MAW STREET

“_M CORNER DRUG CO； 101 M Street, Watertown, Wis. We cordially solicit a share of your patronage. We carry a comp ---- ilete line of Drugs, Medicines, Cigars, SStationery and all goods found in a first-class Drug Store. Cameras, Films to fit all makes, and other Photo Supplies. Give us a call. Yours truly, GAMM CORNER DRUG CO.

Needless Risk Your house, household goods, horses, cattle, grain and auto are subject to loss by fire, lightning and windstorm. Insure them now m the Strongest Insurance Companies

^Xrrow COLLAR 2 for 2oc

Cbiett.. FcaLoAty & Co., Inc., Malvern

Reinhold C. Budewitz

Edwin L. Budewitz

CITY

Dry Cleaning WORKS Cleaning, Pressing, Repairing, Dyeing We deliver to all parts of the city*

BEPRESENTED BY

Fred Siegler, Agent FARMERS AND CITIZENS BANK

PHONE 274-Y

406 Main St.

Watertown Creamery Co. Manufacturers of

FANCY CREAMERY BUTTER AND ICE CREAM WATERTOWN, WILLIAM GEHRKE DRUGGIST Successor to R. H. Brcnnecke

315 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

WISCONSIN

T.RA

5c CIGAR • THREE SIZES

Fine Havana Filler \MCG£NHORN BROS. CO.

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS

FINE WATCH REPAIRING (PACTOflV BXFCRIBNCS)

TELEPHONE 46-X

Bert C. Froemming EAST END BARBER SHOP.

Watertown, Wiaconsln Phone 465-Y

105 Main Street

The Prin<cess Confectionery GEORGE SPYROS, Proprietor

Tee Cream, 0andic$ and &im 602 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, WIS.

Dr. T. 0- Abelmann PHYSICIAN and SURGEON Evenings, 7 to 8 p. m.

Office Hours:—12:30 to 3 p. m. Sundays by Appointment. Ollice and Residence:

Watertown, Wis.

500 Second Street

IF ITS

INSURANCE See H. P- BAHR Hardest flflcncy in glty Phone 268-X Masonic Temple

Watertown, Wis.

TEACHER OF

讲iiutor 迪iolitt nui» 潑nriiumg

射ulTtn 1D9 fHaiu &t. 01丨丨ir& 3Flaor HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

BITTNER & TETZLAFF “PRESCRIPTION DRUGGISTS” In business for

YOUR HEALTH

Leading

“Black and Red” Cigar

Furniture Store

WE SELL THE

“The Rexall Store99 203 Main Sfa*eet,

Watertown, Wis.

Dealer in

RELIABLE FURNITURE UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER Private Chapel Up-to-Date Equipment 313 MAIN STREET 系an, phg Assistant

Watertown’s

Phone 54-X

Res. * Phone 51-X

F. G. KECK & CO. 110-112 Main Street. You will find a complete line of FikUITS of all kinds in season at

John E. Heismann CASH GROCER

US MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

EVERYTHING in POCKET CUTLERY and RAZORS. Examine our Line befor buying：

You get a quick satisfactory painless shave with a

WISS GUARANTEED

D. & F. fiusel Co. 108-110-112 W. Main St.

Cbe Store of Quality

RAZOR Price $1.50 to $3.50 Try one at our risk.

WM. G. PRITZLAFF CO. 307 Main St.

Denninger’s Ground-Floor Studio 312 Main St.

Telephone 155-Y

Tfce Place of Quality

Walter A. Krahnier :WHOLESALE AND

RETAILS

Bakery and[ Confectionery 114 W. Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

BAUMANN’S Home-Made Candies, Ice

C. Buskers Meat Market FRESH AND SALT MEATS .

SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second St.

Watertown Photo Co. MEYER’S GALLERY

丨J 丨

114 Third St. A STUDIO THAT ALWAYS PLEASES

Cream and Sodas.

200 W. Main St.

Phone 92-X

A TRIAL WILL CONVINCE YOU THAT OUR STYLES ARE ALWAYS UP TO THE MINUTE.

；

WE ARE READY To show you our line of Spring Shirts, To show you Hart, Schaffner & Marx Spring Suits. No need of waiting until the choice suits are selected. Come in and look over our spring goods.

HERTEL & HOFFMANN MEN9S WEAR MAIN STRUET

107-109

To Secure THE BEST AND AT

Most Reasonable Prices Place Your Uniform Order With Us We also make College Goods and Caps—Flags, Banners, Penants and other College Novelties. SEND FOR CATALOG

The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.

CINCINNATI Ask the Boys who are Wearing Our Uniforms 秦

: :' : I

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wls.

313 Main Street

IVe Recommend

W. D. SPROESSER CO.

BOSTONIAN

JEWELERS

SHOES FOR MEN.

Leo Ruesch 210 West Main Street.

Smoke Home Comer, Limit and Advance 5 CENT CIGARS AND

O N AR I TA 10 CENT CIGAR

Sonnemann & Amann

0. F. KURZWEG DEALER IN

fine boots, shoes AND RUBBERS.Please Give Us a Trial We Try to Give Satisfaction

402 Main St.

Pianos and Victor Victrolas A large Stock of Records con stantly on hand.

111 _ St.

，P_CN0. 259-Y

Watertown, Wis.

New Method Laundry DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

'Phonb 81-Y

Give your Laundry to

GUSTAV SCHLEGEL, Manager STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

OWEN，S DRUG STORE £ 4122 MAIN STREET NEAR CORNER OF FIFTH

Agents for Seneca Cameras and Photographic Supplies

DR. E. J- HOHRMANN

DENTIST COR. FIRST and MAIN STREETS

Over Wigrgenhorn's Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street Telephone No. 258

FIRST-CLASS WORK

R. P. KOENIG & CO.

Finest Grades HARD WHEAT, WINTER WHEAT AND RYE FLOURS

$im Block “Cbe Barber”

115 Third Street

Watertown, Wis.

QUEENBest Family Rye Flour Corn, Oa:s, Screenings, Oil Meal, Buffalo Gluten Feed, Cotton Seed Meal, Calf Meal, Titiioth)，and Marsh Hny，.all kinds ground Feed. Special Attention given to farmers custom work.

Better Service! Most for your money should be your aim in 1916. You will get all this at

_n，s & Grocery Phone 214-X

905 Main St.

QUALITY AND SERVICE OUR HOBBY

Wm. Gorder Co. COAL，WOOD, COKE， SEWER PIPE

AND

BUILDING MATERIAL 608 Main Street

Telephone 33-Uf

TUttittittiUiUiUiUiUiUiiUUiUilUUiUiUiUiUiiUUiUiUiUiUiUilJ

勢 Announcing a Suit and Overcoat 潑籲p offering, surpassing anything we \lv have ever shown in mid-season >7

More than 1000 fine garments from the country's leading makers at prices which fully deinohstrate greater value-giving policies of the live store m Here are all the wanted, wished-for styles. Sniig魯 fitting, military models, fine business suits of serge and worsted, stout models for men of gezierdiift measure, high novelties such as The Beaiifort, Foreward models for the hard to fit. Checks, stripes, plain and fancy suitings in all colors and shades. The House of Kuppenheimer never made better suits than we purchased from them this season; never have we shown so diversified a line, and it is no idle, boast when tell you that any man can find satisfaction here in good m^aitirS.

GUARANTEED MERCHANDISE WE SELL IS ALL

If you haven’t used our goods it’s time you did. Get that feeling of satisfaction that you are entitled to.

Football-Basket Ball Base Ball equipment Sweaters-Skates-Jerseys

College 腿咖 Supply Go. No. 5Wells St. MilwauKee, Wis. Get our catalog

PICTURES FRAMED I:: i:

RIGHT UP TO THE MINUTE

The best Variety of PICTURE FRAME Moulding in the City Give us a trial We sure can please you

Dependable Styles You can al ways bank on our Shoes, for they have superio r style, quality and du- g rability.聲

Albert Kaliebe 616 MAIN STREET

February tbe fourteentb Let flowers Be Your Valentine The valentine that is sure to be appreciated. Violets! Roses, Carnations, Nar cissus, Sweet Peas, Corsag# Bouquets. Get them at the

Chas. Heismann STUEBE FLORAL CO. 108 THIRD STREET

404 Main Street

H. T. 204 EBERLE，D_St Main Street

E. H. COOK, M. D.

Ganiev Kodaks and all necessary Supplies also handles the Parker Fountain Pens

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT

Practice limited to

SPECTACLES AND EYE GLASSES SCIENTIFICALLY FITTED

PATRONIZE ■Black and Red>

ADVERTISERS Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORt

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY CO. 400 Main Stre〆

FRED E.

MAASS

9 :30 to f t:30 a* m.| S ：30 to 4 pm m.| Hours： 7 to 8 Wcdnciday and Saturday crenlngs Sundays^ )0 to ft a. Telephone 305-Y Office, Hcrt«l& Hoffman BIdg9 Watcrtowni Wl«

Cba$. % Salicft

FOOT BALL, TENNIS and all other kinds of

SPORTING GOODS land 3 MAIN ST.

AT THE BRIDGE

Any One

DEALER IN

Staple and Fancy Groceries and School Supplies

605 Main St.

waus

■Xf.'-., sni

par^fr

y(S(

Watertown, Wis.

PRINTERS OF THIS MAGAZINE

^ajalrploroii iar.

THE BLACK and RED CIGAR NOW LEADS，EM ALL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Literary: Conrad Weiscr___________________ 249 What I Have Seen in Russia_______ 253 The Services of the German Women During the War____________ .258 Wooing Under Difficulties___ 261 Die Mission unter den Eskimoes. 267 Bditorials_____________________ 271 College Notea: Literary Societies___________ 273 Band and Orchestra_________ .275-276 Male Chorus-----------------------277 Donation of Graphophone____ 277 •278 Election of Manager------- ------278 Aus dera Seminar................... .......... 279 Exchanges-------------------------------Dc Rebus Omnibus: 281 Change of Government in China. 282 The Dilemma in Greece________ 283 Locals---- ---------------285 Athletics____________ •287 Campus and Classroom.

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Black and Red

t FEBRUARY 1916

Northwestern College Watertown, Wis.

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DCCCLXV

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THE BLACK AND RED

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis., February 1916.

Number 9

MARSHALL PAUL YON HINDENBURG. After the fatal shots which ended the lives of the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his consort at Serajevo on June 28th had been fired, the strained relation between Austria and Servia reached its culmination. A slumbering fire burst forth from under the ashes, giving birth to a conflagration which spread with such rapidity that practically whole Europe was cast into a mournful gloom. Not more than a month after the assassination declarations of war came thick and fast. Germany, Austria and later Turkey arrayed themselves on one side, with Russia, France, England, Belgium, Servia, Montenegro, and some time later Japan and Italy on the other. It was manifest to Germany and Austria as well as to the other countries involved in the war that the time had come to show their mettle. Many an old warrior, without doubt, was overwhelmed with joy and patriotism when he received the message with the glad news that the head of his country had appointed him as comÂ mander. The most capable and efficient men were put in comÂ mand of the different armies. Men like the now deposed Sir John French, Joffre, Kitchener, Count Cadorna were put in command of the allied troops; von Kluck, Beseler, von Mackensen, Dankl, and many other brave men who deserve a niche in the Hall of Fame took command of the armies of the Central Powers. But one great general of this war not yet mentioned, whose heroic deeds in a way surpass those of Napoleon or Washington, will never be forgotten by friend or foe. His name will be printed in-

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delibly on the scroll of history and be extolled by all unbiased historians. This hero is the celebrated Marshall Paul von Hindenburg, the man who is regarded as the greatest strategist of the present age. Marshall Paul von Hindenburg was born on Oct. 2, 1847, in Posen. The pedigree of the Hindenburg family can be traced back to the 13th century. The Hindenburgs were always renowned war riors in their times. Fighting under the banners of the King of Prussia twenty-three heroes of the Hindenburg family fell on the battlefields of the Netherlands, of France, and of Poland in the 18th century. The victory of the Austrians at Kollin in 1757 was won under the able guidance of the commander-in-chief, Ludwig Ernst von Hindenburg. The present Marshall von Hindenburg^ father, Robert von Hindenburg, served in the Prussian army for many years. From his very prime of life Marshall von Hinden burg had occasion to accustom himself to military life. Little Paul spent most of his youth at Pinne and Glogau, both small places of Posen. At Glogau the general began his school career and it did not take long before it was manifest to him that he was beyond the “Kindergarten.” Arithmetic afforded him considerable inconveniences—but it is for the Russian officers to say whether Marshall von Hindenburg did improve later on in mathematics. Having passed a satisfactory examination, von Hindenburg entered the military training school in Walilstatt, later in Berlin. Here he acquired his training which he applied in later years. Love towards his parents, obedience, conscientious ness, sense of duty always were traits of his character. But soon the time had come when von Hindenburg was to make his debut as defender of his country against Austria. The young and inexperienced lieutenant exhibited distinguished bravery in. this war and received honorable mention. Although he received a wound on his head in one of the battles, he and his men stormed and captured a number of cannons. The young officer took active part in the war of 1870 against France and witnessed the surrender of Paris. Adorned with the Iron Cross, the young warrior returned from the battlefield. But this was not all that von Hindenburg was to experience as a soldier. His parents urged him to attend the staff-college. After three years of hard and conscientious work at the college v?n Hindenburg was appointed captain of the Great General Staff. Since then he gradually made his way to the top of the military ladder. Later he was dispatched to Stettin as staff-officer and finally was honored with the office of commanding general of the army corps at Madgeburg. For eight years he was commanding general. During this time the general’s specialty was Russia. He made a study of the Russian as a human being, as a soldier, as an officer, and as a

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strategist, even after he was retired he resumed this study. While he was instructor in the war academy at Berlin,, his knowledge of the Russians earned him his title of “The Old Man of the Swamps.” He directed many maneuvers in the region of the Masurian Lakes In the and acquainted himself with every inch of land there, spring of 1911 after eight years of service as commanding general von Hindenburg resigned. He doubted whether his thirst for ac tual experience in the Masurian Lakes would ever be quenched. After the resignation he and his family withdrew to Hannover, where he intended to make his future home. Then came the war. Undoubtedly the thought flashed through von Hindenburg’s mind: Has fortune really not overlooked me, that I might offer my service to the Emperor? “The Big Bear” gradually forced his way farther and farther into East Prussia. The comparatively small Prussian army under General von Prittwitz, which was fighting against an overwhelming mass, was nearly annihilated. The Emperor laid the blame on the commanding general and demanded another general. At last after many years of anxiuos waiting von Hindenburg^ wish should be fulfilled.. Von Hindenburg was appointed on Aug. 22, 1914 and took command of the army of the East. The Emporer and his people soon were assured of the fact that von Hindenburg was the only able man to face such a siuation and to overcome this dire calamity. The general decided to meet the Russian forces somewhere near the Masurian Lakes. Von Hindenburg saw that he might avail himself of his knowledge of the Masurian Lakes. On Aug. 27th the invading Russians met von Hindenburg. After a terrific battle which lasted three days the Russians were forced to decamp, leaving more than 90,000 prisoners in Hindenburg’s hands. Thousands were driven into the swamps and left to their doom. This was the famous battle at Tannenberg, a battle of tremendous importance to Germany, in which von Hindenburg drove that beast “Leviathan” out of Prussia and thus became the unexpected hero and idol of the German nation. After this stinging defeat the Russians contemplated another invasion in the folliwing October. They tried to take the importapt post of Koenigsberg, in East Prussia. They did take Johannisburg in November. After successive battles around Lyck, Soldau, and Loetzen von Hindenburg ousted the enemy once more. The Cossacks retreated into the province of Suwalki. A third invasion was begun by the Russians in January. The Germans under von Hindenburg surrounded the enemy near the Masurian Swamps and gained another decisive victory over the Russians, taking 50,000 Russian prisoners. Thousands suffocated in the swamps. In April, 1915, Marshall von Hindenburg took command of the Eastern Armies of both the General Powers. From this time

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the tide seemed to have turned against the Russians. Together with Mackensen von Hindenburg regained Przemysl and Lemberg and at the end of April all Russian troops had crossed the Galician border into Russia. Many other victories of Marshall von Hin denburg could be mentioned, but those mentioned above suffice to show Marshall von Hindenburg*s ability as a strategist. With von Hindenburg and Mackensen leading the Eastern operations the Russian can never hope to set foot on German soil, but on the contrary, are kept at the mercy of Germany. Marshall von Hindenburg today is acknowledged as one of the greatest strategist that ever lived. He is the idol of the German army. Wherever he appears in public, he is received with the greatest possible enthusiasm. “The Old Man of the Swamps” now is called the “Liberator of Germany.” Marshall von Hindenburg has given his comrades an example of which every German is proud. His celebrated name will never find its way to oblivion, and his heroic deeds will occupy an undisputed place in the German Hall W. R.，17. of Fame forever. Eine Mutter Fiirsorge. Fritz feierte heute seinen einundzwanzigsten Geburtstag. Er hatte sich schon lange darauf gefreut and war lilngst entschlossen, ihn auf die gebiihrende Weise zu feiern. Alle Kameraden mussten ihm dabei helfen, nichts durfte gespart werden, das den festlichen Abend zu einem echten Feiertag machen konnte. In Lust und Freude sollte er verbracht werden, dafiir wurde er sorgen. Wozu sollte er auch sparen, er hatte ja Geld. Fritz war ein Waise. Er hatte vor etlichen Jahren beide Eltern verloren und war nun auf sich selbst angewiesen. Sein Vater hatte ihm dies durch ein grosse Erbschaft leicht gemacht. Vermogen besass er reichlich, inn sein Leben sorgenlos hinzubringen. Aber sonst hatte ihm sein Vater schlecht vorbereitet, sein eigener Herr zu sein. Er hatte selber ein etwas loses Leben gefuhrt und sich nicht gehutet, seinen Lohn in dies Leben einzuweihen. An alien Gastmahlern und Gelagen durfte der Sohn teilnehmen. Er lernte die Lebensweise seines Vaters seine eigene zu machen und das frohe Leben zu lieben. Inmitten dieser Freude hatte der Tod ihm seinen Vater entrissen. Fritz schauderte. Wie wenn er an seines Vaters Stelle hatte so schnell hinscheiden niiissen? Von nun an mied er das glide Leben und befleissigte sich einer besseren Lebensweise. Hierzu ermunterte ihn auch seine Mutter, eine stille, fromme Frau, bie natte sich nicht an den Ausschweifungen ihres Gatten beteiligt, sondern hatte stets in stiller Zuruckgezogenlieit gelebt. Sie hatte 8icn stets an ihren Heiland gehalten und ihn angefleht, er moge

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doch ihren Gemahl von seiner Sundenbahn abbringen. Ihre grosste Sorge war ihr Sohn, der seinen Vater in diese Lebensweise gefolgt war. Sie suchte ihn der Genossenschaft mit seinem Vater zu entziehen und ihm die rechte, christliche Erziehung zuteil werden zu lassen, indem sie sich redlich bemiihte, ihm das stille Heim anziehender zu machen als die wilde Welt. Nun war ihr Gatte gestorben, und ihr Sohn war infolge des plotzlichen Todes etwas mehr in sich gekehrt. Sie benutzte diese Stimmung in ihm, um ihn an sein Seelenheil zu erinnern und vor einen gleichen, plotzlichen Tod zu warnen. Fritz versprach ihr auch, ein anderer zu werden. Aber diese gute Leiterin ward dem Fritz bald entrissen. Die fromme Mutter war von Kind auf kranklich gewesen. Nun hatten Gram und Sorge die Krankheit sehr besteigert. Der Gram daruber, dass ihr Gemahl so unvorbereitet vor seinem Gott hatte erscheinen miissen, raubten ihr alle Freude. Ihre Sorge iiber ihren Sohn hatte sie in bestiindiger Aufregung gehalten. Sie wurde von Tag zu Tag schwacher, bis sie zuletzt das Bett hiiten musste. Dass ihn Tod nicht mehr fern war, wusste sie wohl. Deshalb wandte sie ihre schwindenden Kriifte noch an, ihren Sohn gegen einen Ruckfall in sein friilieres Leben zu sichern. Wie furchtete sie, dass er wieder auf verkehrte Wege geraten wurde, wenn sie nun nicht mehr bei ihm wiire, um ihn zu leiten! So war ihre Todesstunde gekommen. Ihr letztes Gebet gait ihrem Sohn; sie legte alles in Gottes Hand; er solle ihren Sohn fiihren, er solle flir sein Wohl sorgen. Mit diesem Gebet hatte sie das Zeitliche gesegnet. Fritz versuchte nun auch redlich, sich an die Ermahnungen seiner Mutter zu lialten und seinem Versprechen, das er ihr am Sterbebette gegeben hatte, nachzukommen. Er fuhlte sich auch unendlich viel glucklicher als damals, als er sich noch im dem Leben der Welt getummelt hatte. Doch trat eine Anderung ein. Er wurde von seinem Onkel in die Lehre genommen; er sollte Kaufmann werden. Deshalb zog er aus seiner kleinen Vaterstadt und siedelte zu seinem Onkel in die Grossstadt iiber. Hier traten die alten Versuchungen in versttirktem Masse wieder an ihn heran. Sein Onkel war ein Geldmann, der nicht viel nach Kirche und Gott fragte, solange er nur seinen Gewinn aufzahlen konnte. Das Treiben seines Neffen kiimmerte ilin nicht. Die Mitarbeiter im Geschaft, meist junge, leichtfertige Menschen, hatten bald entdeckt, dass Fritz ein grosses Vermogen besass. Sie drangen in ihn, er solle doch. nicht seine jungen Jahre in Stille und Einsamkeit verbringen; leben, geniessen soil der Mensch, wenn er noch jung ist; spater im Leben sei noch genug Zeit, in die Kirche zu gehen. Fritz gab diesen Versuchungen nur zu leicht nach. Die Erziehung, die er beim Vater genossen hatte, verdrangte bald alle guten Vorsatze, die er sich bei dem Tode seiner Mutter gemacht

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hatte. Bald waren sie ganz vergessen, und Fritz war wieder der alte. Nur trieb er es noch schlimmer. Hier hatte er seine Kameraden, hier war er sein eigener Herr. Niemand durfte ihm mehr yerhalten, dass er Unrecht tue. Leben, frohlich leben, war wieder sein Wahlsprucli geworden. So sollte auch der lieutige Abend ganz diesem Wahlspruche gemass gefeiert werden. Alle seine Zechgenossen waren eingeladen; das grosse Mahl war in Bereitschaft. wenn nur erst der Abend da ware! Wie wurde er sich wieder einmal vollig dem Genuss hingeben. Der grosse Abend war nun endlich da. Jetzt gab es ein Leben und Treiben wie Fritz es sich gewiinscht hatte. Nun wurde gegessen und getrunken: das Gute wollte kein Ende nehmen; der Vorrat an Wein und Zigarren scliien kein Ende zu nehmen; das Essen war eines Konigs wiirdig. Geld und Mtilie hatte Fritz sicherlich nicht gespart, um seinen Gasten einen frohlichen Abend zu bereiten. Das Treiben wurde infolge des vielen Weines toll und ausgelassen; Fritz war mitten in dem Larm und freute sich koniglicli. So soil der junge Mensch leben! Er selber hatte heute besondere Ursache, sich zu freuen. War er ja doch heute Geburtstagkind; hatte er ja doch das anerkannte Mannesalter erreicht; heute trat er ja seine Erbe erst voll an. Unter guten Freunden muss man frohlich sein! Fritz verstand es, seinen Gasten als guter Gastgeber mit gutem Beispiele voranzugehen. Das tolle Treiben hatte nun schon einige Stun den gedauert. Das Essen wurde abgetragen und jeder wandte nun seine Aufmerksamkeit den Weinflaschen zu. Da klingelte es. Der Diener offnete und liess einen Postboten herein. Dieser fragte nach Fritz: er habe einen Brief den er ihm geben solle. Einen Brief! Vielleicht von seinem Schatzchen. Die angeheiterten Kameraden brachen in ein Hoch aus auf das liebe Madchen, das Fritzens Geburtstag nicht vergessen hatte und ihm seinen Gliickwunsch sandte. Fritz nahm den Brief und sail ihn an. Jetzt konnte er ihn wohl kaum lesen, sein Kopf war so schwer. Morgen ist noch genug Zeit,—doch was ist das? Wessen Handschrift ist das? Fritz erschreckt unwillkiirlich. Er schaute genauer hin. Die Schrift kennt er ja,—wessen ist sie? Plotzlicli erbleicht er, er zittert am ganzen Korper. Diese Handschrift ist die Handschrift seiner Mut ter, seiner Mutter, die er langst tot glaubte! Er sank auf einen Stuhl. Seine Mutter hatte ihm einen Brief gesandt! Sie war ja doch schon lange tot! Sie konnte den Brief nicht geschickt haben. Aber es waren ohne jeden Zweifel ihre Handzuge, und der Poststempel zeigte, dass der Brief erst gestern seine Vaterstadt verlassen habe. Vor Angst und Zittern war Fritz wie geknickt. Seiner Mut ter Handschrift! War sie etwa wieder aus dem Grabe gestiegen,

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um ihren Sohne wieder auf die rechte Balm zu helfen? Allerlei Gedanken durchkreuzten mit Blitzesschnelle sein Gehirn. Er konnte sich einer grausigen Furcht nicht erwehren. Wie wenn er mit dem Geist seiner Mutter hier in dieser Schwelgerei zusammentrafe! Als seine Kameraden merkten, dass in Fritz eine unerklarliche Veranderung vor sich ging, verliessen sie leise das Zimmer. Fritz sass nun alleine in der grossen Halle. Die Einsamkeit vermehrte noch seine Furcht. Er wusste nicht wohin er sich wenden sollte. Er ging im Zimmer auf und ab, wahrend er am ganzen Leib wie Espenlaub zitterte. Endlich fasste er doch den Mut, den Brief zu offnen. Da waren wieder die Ermahnungen und Bitten seiner Mutter: Er solle sich fleissig zur Kirclie halten; er solle sich der Welt fernhalten; ihr ganzes Beten sei seinem Wolil geweiht. Ganz der liebevolle, milde Ton seiner Mutter sprach aus jedem Wort. Es lag kein Zweifel mehr vor, seine Mutter hatte den Brief geschickt. Aber wie war das moglich? Sie lag doch nun schon mehrere Jahre im Grabe. An Geister glaubte Fritz nicht, und dass die Toten wieder aus ihren Graber liervorstiegen, schien ihm doch hochst unglaublich. Er bescliloss also, den Morgen abzuwarten, denn an dem Abend konnte er docli zu keinem Entschluss hinsichtlich des Briefes kommen. Es war flir ihn eine ruhelose Naclit. Bestandig tauchte das Bild seiner Mutter vor ihm auf. Er sah sie, wie sie noch auf dem Totenbette mit ihm gebetet hatte, wie sie ihm ihren Segen gab und ihn bat, er mochte sich doch nicht wieder in ein loses Leben einlassen. Und trotzdem war er doch auf Irrwege geraten; er hatte alle ihre Mahnungen vernachlassigt und war seinem Versprechen, das er ihr zuletzt noch gab, nicht nach gekommen. Unter solche Selbstanklage verbrachte er die Nacht, die schien, als ob sie nie ein Ende nehmen wurde. Noch nie hatte das Licht der Sonne ihm solche Erleichterung gebracht wie an diesem Morgen. Er bescliloss, sich ohne weiteres in seine Vaterstadt zu begeben. Dort kam der Brief her, dort wurde er auch ausfinden, ob seine Mutter noch lebte Oder nicht. Eine alte Dienerin seiner MutÂ ter wohnte noch dort, an sie wollte er sich wenden. Die kurze Strecke lag bald hinter ihm. Mit bangem Herzen trat er aus dem Wagen des Zuges. Wen wxirde er hier finden? Die bange Frage: Lebt sie Oder lebt sie nicht, trat starker hervor und nahm ihm fast alien Mut. Mit angstlichem Gemiit stieg er die Treppe des Hauses, in dem die alte Dienerin wohnte, hinauf. Die alte Frau offnete ihm selbst. Sie lud ihn freundlich ein und wollte ihm einen kleinen Imbiss bereiten. Aber Fritz lehnte ab; er wollte gleich Gewissheit haben. Er griff in die Tasche und zeigte ihr den Brief. Die alte Frau nahm ihn und besah ihn etwas naher. Dann sah sie den bleichen Jiingling freundlich an und sagte: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lieber

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Fritz, es ist wahrlich ein Brief von deiner Mutter. Auf ihrem Sterbebette hat sie ihn geschrieben und ihn mir gegeben mit der Anweisung, ich solle ihn dir an deinem einundzwanzigsten Geburtstag schicken. Deine gute Mutter fiirchtete, was auch wirklich geschehen ist, dass du wieder in das alte Lasterleben zurucksinken wlirdest. Deshalb schrieb sie noch in ihren letzten Zugen diesen Brief an ihren Solm.” In dem kleinen Kirchhofe des Stadtchens lag ein Jungling an einern Grabhiigel und weinte. Er lag dort eine geraume Zeit. Dann stand er auf und ging langsam davon. An dem Grabe seiner Mut A. P. W. 16. ter ist Fritz ein anderer Mensch geworden.

For all the words of tongue and pen The saddest these: “It might have been.” —Whittier. I know not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air, I only know I cannot drift Beyond His love and care.

It is much easier to be critical than to be correct.

—Whittier.

—Disraeli.

The manly part is to do with might and main what you can do. —Emerson. Go put your creed into your deed Nor speak with double tongue.

—Emerson.

First Grand Semi-Annual Concert，given by the band，orchestra，chorus and quartette，Friday evening, March 3rd, at the College Auditorium.

THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern College.

EDITORIAL STAFF ADELBBRT F. WESTENDORF fl6

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BUSINESS MANAGERS PAUL G..EICKMANN fl6 WALTB R W. SPRENGKLER *\6

S^rE|?sS[G^SaGHR

DEPARTMENT EDITORS HENRY I. BRANDT *U,.. HELMUTH W. SCHAEFER，》7 GERTRUDE M. SCHLUETER ELMER C. KIESSLING M7 OTTO C. KL>AYE M8 . GUSTAV J. S CHLEGEL M7

EXCHANGES ATHLET DB REBU COLLEGE N LOCALS CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM

Contributions to th« LiUrary Department arc requested from AlUmnc ana undergraduates* AH 11 matter nhould b« addressed to the Hditor-in-Chicf And all business communlcatloiu to the Business Manager* The terms of subscriptions are S Dollar per annum, payable in advance* Single copl<j9 t 5 ctnta. per dbcontlnuccL wish your address chanwl StAmoa not 羼cccotcd la oavmcnt. Notify ua if Advertising rates furnished upon application. Tbc Black aad Red }s forwarded to all subscribers until order for Its discontinuance U received or the Mub

PRACTICE ! The one big interest which we have in common now is our March concert. We expect to make it a good one, equal in every respect to those of former years. We have a competent director, we have sufficient material, we have the proper instruments, what do we lack to make the next concert a success? We lack one thing, that is individual practice. Lack of prac tice on the part of each individual has proved a drawback to our concerts in former years and this evil has cropped out again this

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year. It has been fittingly _ said that our band-rehearsals should be called band-practice, since that is the only time a great number of the so-called band-men get their practice. It is a most disgust ing thing to the director as well as to the more energetic members to have each and every part rehearsed time and again with scarcely any progress, simply because a few insist upon not doing any work. Instead of being a pleasure to all it is a drudge to all to attend such rehearsals. The organization cannot use force or expulsion. It must de pend on each man，s self-respect and good will. The earnest col laboration of every one is needed, or the concert must fail of at taining any degree of success, The fact that some men can come into a band-rehearsal every time without being capable in the least of performing their part is something rather difficult to com prehend. That it does not grate on their self-respect to have an ever-patient director practice simple strains each and every time, gives one a feeling of pity. Aren’t they capable of it or is it simple laziness and indiffence? Does the lure of a shining brass instru ment prevent them from exercising a bit of common sense by drop ping out all-together? Let’s get into the line of workers and do our part! Take your instrument a few times each day and blow a few notes! We still have some time in which we can remedy some of our short-com ings, and we ought not let this time pass unused. Work and in terest on the part of every one, and we cannot fail of attaining some degree of excellency. EXCUSES. February brings with it the end of the first semester and the inevitable reports. As a consequence, February mail is crowded with letters containing demands on the part of the parents, re quiring an explanation on certain points and attempts on the part of the student to evade these explanations if possible or to excuse himself. A casual inspection of this mail does not reveal any pro testations of modesty on the part of the student; he does not say that he has only done his duty, that he does not deserve praise, but usually he frantically tries to right himself. “Dear Father, this” and “Dear Father, that.” “Everyone is to blame but me. This Professor and that Professor has done your hopeful offspring an egregious wrong.” These excuses are laughable in themselves. But the fact that they tend to deceive makes their use grave. The student would deceive his parent, make them believe that he is doing the work expected of him, which he is in reality leaving undone; he de ceives himself into the actual belief that he is doing the necessary

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work; lie wrongs the men who have recorded their judgment of his work, in this report by representing them as unjust and b iased. Excuses are not worthy of a man. They simply imply that he is unwilling to shoulder the responsibility of his own work; that he is not unwilling to lay the blame of his failure upon others. Excuses do not follow an earnest, conscientious attempt, even though it were a failure, but always where the attempt was halfbeasted and weak. An earnest effort does not seek a far-fetched excuse to defend its failure.

NOTICE ! All subscribers who know themselves to be in arrears on their subscription and find a due-slip in their copy are hereby earnestly requested to remit at once, as the finances of the Black and Red are audited in March. See to it that your subscription is in order! All payments will be promptly receipted by return mail. Respectfully yours, Business Manager. I hope that I shall possess firmness and virtue enough to main tain what I consider the most enviable of all titles, the character of —Washington. an honest man. Those are the best instructors that teach in their lives, and Seneca. prove their words by their actions.

Come what will, I will keep faith with friend and foe. —Lincoln.

[![ If you can be a man, speak what you think, today in words as hard as cannon-balls, and tomorrow speak what tomorrow thinks in words hard again, though it contradict everything you said today. 一Emerson. Don’t fail to attend the musical event of the season, March 3! College auditorium!

a'i'iij.

COLLEGE JMOTESp

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—V办，】逾遂知ifeiljw•丄、

LYCEUM MEETING. The following program was rendered by the Lycum Literary Society on Saturday evening, January 15, 1916: Dalbey 1. Overture: Living Pictures----------------Band. Anonymous 2. Recitation: The Gladiator--------------Ewald Tacke. A. Knapp 3. Recitation: Die Einladung__________ Wm. Lehmann. 4. Comic Recitation: Bender Puys a Delephone— —Anoy. John Henning. 5. Recitation: Der Tod des Tiberius— Emanuel Giebel Leonard Benthal. 6. Overture: German Medley________ L. Tocabin Mandolin-Guitar Trio. .Whittier 7. Recitation: The Sisters Siegfried Ave Lallemant. 8. Recitation: Die Reise ins Paradies, Rudolph Baumbacli Wm. Huth. 9. Comic Recitation: Grip and Its “Sure Cures”__ Dinkelspiel Arthur Matzke. 10. Recitation: Bertran de Born___ Lud. Uhland Herbert Lau. 11. Vocal Selection: What the Chimney Sang Arr. J. A. Parks College Quartette.

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To the master of ceremonies, Helmuth W. Schaefer, is due the credit for the excellent arrangement of this program. The lighter musical selections and the two comic numbers served to keep the interest wide-awake, and this in its turn bore a delightful contrast to the weightier and more serious thoughts which were occasioned by the other selections. The musical numbers were rendered very well, and it must also be mentioned that the G string of the guitar in the trio was in perfect tune this time. Of the recitations the two comic pieces were adjudged to be the best by the critic, Prof. E. E. Sauer. Both Mr. Henning and Mr. Matzke deserve this praise, having acted their parts naturally and well. They are to be con足 gratulated on their histrionic propensitise. All the other speakers, however, lacked the necessary vein and expression in their selec足 tions. At the same time it must be remembered that it is easier to bring out ludicrous and comical situations than it is to interpret correctly heavy works, as, for instance, poems or renowned speeches. To do the latter well is, of course, the ultimate object of work in our literary societies. PIIILOMATHEAN MEETING. The program of the Philomathean Society for Saturday even足 ing, January 22, 1916, was as follows: -George Rosey 1 March Patriotic Orchestra. Patrick Henry 2 An Appeal to Arms Luther M. Vohs. 3 Bundeslied vor der Schlacht------ Theodore Koerner Carl Schmidt. 4 Selection RaymondTimmel (Virtuso) Caroline Norton 5 Bingen on the Rhine Belno Lange. 6 Die verlorne Laus Philip Froehlke. C. P. Williams 7. The Lance-Jack Brass Quintette. It was the irony of Fate that the master of ceremonies, A. Zeisler, should frantically exert all of his superfluous persuasive powers in an effort to present an unrivaled program to his audience and then be disappointed on the eve of his hoped-for success by having to listen to one excuse after another of some poor unfor足 tunate, who was suffering from internal, external or imaginary affectations, and who could not therefore appear on the stage. This accounts for the shortness of the program. The best speaker was without doubt Carl Schmidt. The rest of the numbers did not

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exactly come up to the standard of the society in its previous meetings. It is a good plan to have both comic and musical num bers to somewhat counteract the “philosophic calm” which is apt to settle on the hearers when they hear nothing but serious declam ations; but much fact and skill must also be employed to avoid the impression of giving vaudeville exhibitions. On the other hand, the serious discourses by dint of a little extra life and expression might themselves keep the audience from falling under the dreadful influences of this ^philosophic calm,” and that would, of course, enable us to dispense with the laugh-creating speeches altogether. W. Zank acted as critic. LYCEUM PROGRAM, JANUARY 29, 1916. The numbers were as follows: 1. Musical Selection---------Brass Quintette. 2. Loyalty and a Sovereign People--------- Dr. Ed. V. Mach Paul Naumann. ___ Ernst Ferd. Bassler 3. Der Skilaufer___ Walter T. Meier. 4. Debate: “Resolved—That the Students Enter this Institution at Too Early an Age.” Affirmative: A. F. Westendorf, E. C. Blakewell. Negative: Henry J. Brandt, Otto C. Klaye. Anonymous 5. Comic Recitation: “Der Mensch”_. Helmuth W. Shaefer. 6. Launching the Ship Henry W. Longfellow E. Duxe. 7. Das Lied vom braven Mann______ G. A. Burger Walter Sprengler. 8. Polish Medley Overture Louis Locabin R. H. Vollmers, Mandolin. C. F. Fuelling, Guitar. The program was an ideal one in all respects. The main in terest, of course, centered around the debate, first, by way of nov elty; secondly, by way of brilliant oratory, and thirdly, by way of personal interest in the subject. The Messrs. Prof. Kowalke, W. Schumann and W. Lueckel were appointed judges, and after having listened in patient resignation to the able arguments of both sides, retired, passed their decree, returned, and promulgated openly that the affirmative had won by virtue of presenting the most logical and practical arguments in the best way. Thus the negative lost, despite the fact that Eddie Blakewell out of pure modesty and deference had left all the points to his senior colleague, despite the fact that 0. Klaye had spoken with the velocity of a rapid fir-

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ing gun, and despite the fact that H. Brandt thru his “Billy Sun day” gestures too plainly demonstrated that he is a lawyer in disguise, As regards the other numbers on the program, all deserve honorable mention, having been well prepared and rendered. Mr. Schlegel played the role of critic and Mr. J. Henning was Master of Ceremonies. PHILOMATHEAN MEETING, FEB. 5, 1916. Master of Ceremonies Clamor F. Hielling arranged the fol lowing program: 1. Organ Solo: Festival March-------------------------------Waldemar A. Retzlaff. Reinhold Fuchs 2. I-Ieimatlos Theodore Binnhammer. George Peely 3. Farewell to Arms Fritz Scholz. G. E. Lessing 4. Die Brille Karl Sievert. Anony 5. Dialogue: Das schwere Rechenexempel Miss G. Schlueter. Miss A. Kortegast. Miss C. Groth. Miss Jaeger. Miss G. Schauer. Miss G. Schumann. B. Ebert 6. Frau Hitt Hans Koch. Daniel Webster 7. First Bunker Hill Address________ Otto Gruendemann. 8. Dichtung und Wahrheit Elmer C. Kiessling. Anony 9. Premier Amour Senior Class Trio. Prof. Kuhlow was appointed critic. It was one of the society’s most successful programs, every number deserving praise for some feature or other. The dialogue given by the lady members of the club, besides being very interesting was also acted well, and re ceived a hearty applause. It was a fiin谷occasion to give our prosaic masculine beings a deep insight into the poetic way of our coeds, showing how some are changable, how others are eas ily led to give up the ship, how others again are given to innocent caprices, including potato peeling, while a few are strong and in exhaustible, as far as mental energy and fertility of expedient come into consideration. That explains some of’the phenomenal suc cess of our girls in school. Another pleasing result of their en-

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thusiasm and their assiduity was the finely trimmed stage. Would they might always participate in the programs for that reason alone! Of the speakers especially mentioned by the critic were T. Binhammer, H. Koch, and E. Kiessling. The organ solo by Mr. Retzlaff proved a great source of enjoyment to ail. We await an other in the near future. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL CONCERT.

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Grand semi-annual concert, to be given by all the musical or ganizations of N. W. C. on Friday evening, March 3, 1916. 1. Overture to Oberon_______________C. M. von Weber. 2. Der erste Clior der Pilger (Tannhauser) __R. Wagner Orchestra and Chorus. Frank W. McKee 3. Concert Waltz Orchestra. Arr. J. A. Parks 4. Crossing the Bar Quartet. ___ Will. T. Pierson 5. Salute the Flag, March-------Orchestra. R. Wagner 5. Pilgerchor aus Tannhauser. Orchestra and Chorus. 7. Vocal Solo Miss Emma Kelly, Soprano. 8. Early Spring C. II. Doering Chorus. 9. Echoes of the Metropolitan Opera__ T. Moses Tobain Joh. Strauss 10. Southern Roses______ Friedmann 11. Kaiser Friedrich March Band. An effort has been made to include the most varied kinds of music in the above program, ranging from light marches to such heavy work, as for instance, the two selections from Tannhauser and the Oberon overture. Whatever able direction and constant practice can possibly accomplish, has been applied by each in dividual organization to the working out of all the numbers repre sented on the program; and it now gives us pleasure and satis faction that we may bid the general public a hearty welcome to our concert on the eve of Friday, March 3, on which each and every one may either enjoy himself by listening and admiring the ad vances which we have made or, as another means of enjoyment, profit by the mistakes which will undoubtedly pop up here and there (for we do not claim to be more than modest amateurs.) Besides the renditions of our societies there will be an extra num ber by the popular Milwaukee Soprano, Miss Emma Kelly. She will also sing the solo in the **Chor der Pilger.1*

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All those who have once attended our concerts will hardly miss the chance of hearing another, so that we need only mention j the date to them, and this we have done already. For those, how“ I ever, who have not been so lucky, we wish hereby to remove all :doubts as to whether the investment in a ticket is a wise one or ot, by solemnly vouching that we have always striven to please nd have always succeeded in doing so. Who would want more assurance and recommendation ? Therefore we extend anoth er > cordial welcome to all. The tickets are priced as follows: Fifty cents, reserved seats; thirty-five cents, otherwise, including gal lery. Tickets may be reserved at Gamm’s drug store on or after 嘸 February 22. SENIOR CLASS BANQUET. Irwin Gamm, ’16, recently invited his classmates to partic ipate in a banquet to be given at his home on the eve of Friday, Jan.. 14. With the alacrity which always marks the acceptance of such invitations among our students the whole class responded and proceeded there in a body on the above-named date. So far we' have positive information, but we are now confronted by a very difficult problem due to our lack of insight into the ways and the thinkings of seniors and, secondly, due to our not being at the banquet ourself to bear witness of what took place. All ： that we can do therefore is to state the premises together with some casual remarks which were caught up, and then try our best at suggesting the most plausible conclusions, none of which are claimed to be final, however. The facts ascertained thus far are as follows. Prior to his leaving for this banquet each and every one of our good Seniors was as natural as could be. None seemed to have any resplendent ■ hopes or fantastic anticipations. It is true, the class trio might have had some idea of acquiring fame, for they carried their in struments along with them. Perhaps the rumor is even true that Pres. Zank remained at his desk until very late the night before in a* noble effort to gather a stray dictum or two by way of preparing a toast. But this is all theory. Enough, after having gone the seniors were dead to our world until almost midnight, i At ' 狂bout this time a distant jingling of mandolins, a heavy tramp- ' :ing, and a few snatches of some popular song, which awoke even :the soundest sleepers, gave evidence that they had arrived to within ’ twelve blocks of the dormitory. And from that moment until alpost a week after, the state of these worthies was one of constant， happiness. Let us now endeavor to set up an hypothesis. The . seniors had the uncommon luck not only of being sole guests at a ban quet containing the best of everything in the art of cooking, but were', also entertained in a most/regal and enjoyable manner at the

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home of Mr. Gamm, and the reminiscence of this happy affair ac counts for their hilarity and complacence on the ensuing days. Judging from an overheard conversation between two seniors, we surmise that the banquet rooms were decorated elaborately in the class colors, purple and white and in the college colors, black and red~everything in fact being well worthy for a feast of kings. What sad substitutes in this case! But our stock of knowledge is exhausted and the best we can do is to congratulate them on their good fortune and conclude, leaving the rest to the imagination of the reader. JUNIOR CLASS BANQUET. It is not exactly the happiest coincidence for the college-notes editor that two class banquets, wished-for and enjoyable tho they may otherwise be, take place in the same month, whereby his deBcriptive powers are taxed to the utmost. We shall simply refer our readers to the foregoing somewhat obscurely described ban quet scene, only adding that the munificent classmate in this case was Mr. Theodore Schlueter, who in honor of his —tli (this is to be kept a secret for the present) birthday entertained his class in an equally sumptuous and hospitable style at his home on College avenue, half of the class receiving an invitation for Sunday the 30th of Jan., the remaining number for the following Sunday. To relate the divevs and interesting amusements which were indulged in, to mention the numerous delicacies and to describe the splen did red and white color design of the supper table, would require more space than we have. Suffice it then to sum everything up in a Shakespearean quotation: “All were as merry as, first, good company, a good host, and a good welcome, can possibly make good people.” Aus dem Seminar. Herr Arthur Dorow aus Sugar Bush, Wis., besuchte am 12. Jan. die Herren Sterz und Behrens. Am 10. Jan. erfreute Herr Alfred Wehausen seinen Bruder Martin mit einem freundlichen Besuch. Unsere Abendandacht halten wir nun gleich nach dem Abendessen anstatt um neun Uhr wie friiher. Am 4. 4 Feb. brachten wir unser Pensum in der Kirchengeschichte z」u Ende und begannen am 7. Feb. die Exegese des Bpheserbriefs. Herr L. C. Drowatzky, ’15, aus Madison, Wis., besuchte friihere Klassengenossen und Preunde am 20. und 21. Jan. In Beaver Dam starb am 30. Jan. Frau P. Lutzke, die Mutter Herrn Paul Lutzke’s. Herr P. Lutzke reiste am 29. Jan. nach

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Beaver Dam und kehrte am 6. Feb. wieder zuriick. Wegen eines Nervenleidens konnte Herr R. Fenske aus Juneau sein Studium nach Weihnachten nicht weiter fortsetzen.. Wir hoffen, dass Herr Fenske bald genessen wird. Die Herrn W. Hillmer und W. Wietzke unternahmen am 4. Feb. eine Geschaftsreise nach Chicago. Herr O. Pluedemann hielt sich am 22. und 23. Jan. 1m Elterniiause in Theresa, Wis., auf. Herr R. Ave Lallemant, Eisenwaarenhandler aus Iron Ridge, besuchte uns am 24. Jan. Herr Pastor J. Bade aus Allegon, Mich., stattete uns am 1. Feb. einen kurzen Besuch ab. Eine grosse Doppelhochzeit wurde am 9. Feb. In Woodville, Wis., gefeiert. An diesem Tage traten die folgenden Personen in den heiligen Ehestand: Herr Pastor J. Bade aus Allegon, Mich., und Frl. Irene Schroeder aus Woodville, Wis.; Herr Pastor I. Schroeder aus Woodville, Wis., und Frl. Clara Gralow. Die Herren W. Hartwig und S. Baer besuchten N. W. C. und Freunde in Watertown am 5. Feb. Der “Pleasure Bowling Club” hielt am 7. Feb. sein vierteljahriges Kegelfest. Der “Club” spielte gegen die Herren von Jerusalem Gemischterchor aus Milwaukee und gewonnen einen glanzenden Sieg. Score: 2335-2264. Herr Pastor Paul Eggert aus Abrams, Wis., und Frl. Erma Jaeger aus Milwaukee wurden am 16. Feb. von Herrn Pastor W. Dahlmann von der Mt. Olive Kirche getraut. Die Trauung wurde im Hause der Brauteltern vollzogen. Herr Pastor W. Motzkus aus West Allis besuchte uns letzte Woche.

We must repeat the often repeated saying that it is unworthy of a religious man to view an irreligious one either with alarm or with aversion or with any other feeling than regret and hope and brotherly commiseration. —Carlyle.

First Grand Semi-Annual Concert, given by the band, orchestra, chorus and quartette, Friday evening, March 3rd，at the College Auditorium.

GOSHEN COLLEGE RECORD. A very neat exchange greeted us this month from Goshen, Ind. It is a new exchange and was therefore read with especially great interest. The first article, “Monasticism,” is some what lengthy for a college magazine, but we entirely forgot the length when we realized the vividness and thoroughness of it. The writer held the attention of the reader throughout the article by the unbiased viewpoint from which it was written. The writer es tablished the fact that the good which has actually been wrought by monasteries has exceeded the evils which may have accom panied It. We cannot quite agree with your contention that the state suffered so noticeably during the Middle Ages because of the with drawal to the monasteries of a large number of men of character and talent. The form and diction of the article was good. The viewpoint, we emphasize again, was well chosen, since this is an extremely difficult topic to treat from an unbiased viewpoint. Your second number, “An Adventure,M is almost too brief and incomplete to be of much literary value. A climax is totally lack ing, and the whole reveals but an half-hearted attempt. The plot is good, and had the writer expanded it, we should have had a fiction Btory that would have vied with many such attempts in the field of fiction. But as the story is, it is of little value. The “Editorials” contain matter of standard quality, The first one, especially, brims with common sense. One of your sent ences, however, might be misapplied by the drudge, whom we find at every institution. “When work ceases to be interesting and becomes monotonous, then it is time to change to some other work ’

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and even sometimes for a short period of time to cease entirely from labor.” A capital maxim for our college parasites! He to whom work is drudgery cannot appreciate a change in it, in whatever form it might appear, and vacation is his ideal time of the year. Granted that we would give a drudge a vacation every time his work would become dull and monotonous, to what would this lead? Excluding this class of human society in editorial, we fully agree with your vacation contention. Your “Personals” and *4Y. P. C. A. Notes” are complete, and are written in an interesting style. The athletic column is some what brief, but you seem to experience the same dull season evinced by many of our exchanges at this time of the year. You could im prove the artistic appearance of your magazint by inserting cuts at the head of all of your departments. We were pleased with your visit. Call again! THE PIIAllOS. We wish to acknowledge the visit of another new exchange from Aurora College, Mendota, 111. The outward appearance excites our curiosity for closer inspection, but upon giving way to the promptings of our curiosity *\ve discover that appearances and material do not harmonize. Your motto, “The Pharos in the front rank of college publications,M could but meagerly apply to your January issue. Where is the work of your department editors? You have them on your staff, why not attempt to exact some ma terial from them? We find but few of them represented by their departments this month. It is truly discouraging for an editor-inchief to be asked to depend upon a staff upon whom experience tells him he cannot depend. Your editorials are up to the standard, both in quality and quantity. We take no exception to the “caustic comment” in them. They show forth the heart-felt appeals of an editor-in-chief to his indifferent schoolmasters, for the welfare of the paper, athletics, and organizations of the school. We wish you success, editor-inchief, in resuscitating the waning interest in your school activities. We find your magazine wholly destitute of a literary column. This should be the principal column of a college paper. Its failure to appear reflects upon the character of the students in general, the staff in special. We hope to see the column in the next issue. If the students refuse to contribute, the staff must. To be an editor implies willingness to work. He who does not possess this turn of mind will do his school a great favor by resigning his honors of office in favor of one who is less adept but more willing to work. Your magazine, as stated before, is a new visitor, and we are ignorant of your past, but interested in your future. We hope that !;：丨:

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the editor-in-chief will have rallied his editors by the next issue, and that they will present us with a paper such aa the motto gives ub a right to expect. The material could have been arranged better in several de partments, and more originality in the “Humor” and “Exchange” columns would b e greatly appreciated. You have a progressive business manager .Make use of him to good advantage. We are awaiting with interest the arrival of your February issue.

Nothing is more idle than to inquire after which nature has 一Johnson. kindly placed within our reach.

I never knew any man in my life who could not bear another’s misfortune perfectly like a Christian. —■Pope.

Be wise today; ’t is madness to defer.

Blessings ever wait on virtuous deeds And though a late, a sure reward succeeds.

—Young.

—Congreve.

A good book is the precious life-blood of a master-spirit, em balmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyound life. —Milton. Praise undeserved is scandal in disguise.

—Pope.

It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it Is easy in solitude to live after your own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowds keeps with perfect sweetness the —Emerson. independence of solitude.

For program of March concert see College Notes.

."—Gentle Reader, permit the editor to say a few words of apology concerning a misstatement that occurred in this column in the last issue. It was stated that Messrs. Bell and Ed. Lange skated to Jef ferson, whereas, the truth is that another gentleman, Mr. O. C. Kluck, aided them in performing the feat. We are very sorry that the mistake occurred, since it deprived the public of the plea sure of hearing some important news in due time. —On January 31st” Miss Irene Bernthal bestowed a visit on her brother Leonard, ’18. —Raymond F. Timmel, ’18，“blew himself” to a trip to Oconomowoc via the Interurban, on Feb. 5. —It happened when Friend Eddie Chuck was at home on Feb. 6. With the serious intentions to catch some bullheads and min nows he had broken a large hole into the ice of the Mississippi River. Hopefully he had taken his seat on the banks of the bonnie creek, after dropping his anchor and bait beneath, the frozen surface. Suddenly there came a jerk. A bite! It almost pulled Eddie from his seat! But manfully Eddie drew the line in. Surely he had an overgrown minnow at the other end! Visions of sput tering frying-pans with delicious bullheads browning in the but ter presented themselves to his imagination. Just then the hook appeared above the surface and with it there came—a German submarine. —Samuel Baer, ex-*16, turned up in our midst on Feb. 5. Dur ing his sojourn he witnessed the desperate struggle between the Seniors and Sophomores at a basketball game. He also enjoyed the pretty little farce the Juniors and Freshies staged on the same occasion.

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—Since northern climate and customs did not agree with him, Fred. F. Scholz decided to take the Texas Limited for his sunny old home among the sheltering pines in the deserts of Temple, Texas. By his departure the Sophomore class is bereaved of an other worthy member. ―W. Schumann,，12, was present at a meeting of the Lyceum Literary society and acted as one of the judges of the debate of that evening, that is, on Jan. 29. ―Raymond G. Tegtmeyer, Prep., no more disturbs assiduous Luther M. Vohs, as he has abdicated and stepped from the ranks of the “notorious 43” squad. His person now adorns the avenues of his little home village, Chicago.

—Floyd Hannemann/19, discontinued school because of ill health. —Fred. F. Brandt, ’19, received a visit from his sister, on Jan. 26. ―Theodore Heidtke, Prep., trotted down to Juneau on Jan. 23, to visit his grandmother. —Elmer C. Kiesling, ’17, delighted the Jeffersonian populace with a visit on Jan. 29th. —At last the Black and Red has found a rival! It is in the form “of an educative” periodical published under the misnomer “The Metropolis Upstart.” It is, in general, a most excellent paper, its staff being composed only of men who are accomplished in let ters and science. At its rudder we find that sober philosopher “Dad” Lehmann. Bernthal, as second man, deludes his readers in the De Rebus Omnibus column. At present he is possessed with the “Furor Biographicus” and consequently writes calum nious biographies of the mummies of ancient dunces, such as Archimedes, etc. Hans Wappler is the cartoonist of the publica tion, being so adept at splashing ink over the sheets. Peely Froehlke is the man behind the guns of the Literary Column, As yet his productions have been but few and poor, his literary genius having departed from him lately. Walter Gutzke is the business head of the company. He was elected to this responsible posi tion, because he had showed some ability in business transactions while running a pop-corn stand on one of the main streets of his home town, in his younger days. Last but not least comes the editor of one of the most important columns of the paper, called “Advice to the Lovelorn.” The editor is Edward C. Blakewell, surnamed Chuck. His name alone speaks for the merit of the column.

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His advice is heart-felt, sincere and mostly from experience; for this reason it is so practical and useful.一The greatest merit of the paper is, however, that it is published only once a month. —Helmuth W. Schaefer, ’17, nobly presented the ’Varsity foot ball team with a box of good cigars, in recognition of their great work down at Beloit, when they defeated that team by a score of 0-0. —The Rev. C. Buenger of Kenosha, Wis., visited the boys from Kenosha, on Jan. 13, that is, he visited Helmuth W. Schaefer, ’17, Arthur Schaefer, Martin Buenger, Gilbert Steffen, Preps. 一Miss Josephine Stark and Miss Margaret Goodnetter visited classes with Miss Henrietta Buege on Wednesday, Jan. 19. . —John P. Hening has now purchased that little waltz entitled “La Vernie” from Ed C. Blakewell. at an enormous reduction of price.

It is said that he obtained it

—Arthur G. Wacker, ’18，has again returned after being absent — from school for about eight weeks.

Words are like leaves; and where they most abound —Pope. Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.

When a man’s knowledge is not in order the more he has of it —Spencer. the greater will be his confusion.

Let never day or night unhallowed pass, But still remember what the Lord hath done. ―Shakespeare.

To receive honestly is the best thanks for a good thing. —Mac Donald. Don’t polish the waiting bench with “hard-luck” stories. Stir yourself! Hard luck never caught up with the hustler. —B. Lee —

PREPAREDNESS. A great movement is sweeping our country as another effect 5 of the European war. German Militarism, as it is termed, the object of general censure, proved itself of such great benefit to the German that certain people deem something similar very desir able for our country also, only they give it the euphemistic name of “Preparedness.” It was originated by the President,, who in his message to the new Congress now in session submitted a pro posal of preparedness for national defense and is now urging it in a series of addresses to the people. He thinks we should learn from this world war that we are not so safe from aggression as we imagined, and that we are actu ally menaced by unsuspected dangers at home. Against possible enemies abroad the first necessity of defense is a better military and naval preparation, and so he asks for an increase in the army, the organization of a trained military reserve of 400,000 men and the strengthening of the navy by several battleships and powerful cruisers and by one hundred submarine crafts. As regards military preparedness Mr. Wilson believes that the regular army should be increased by some 35,000 men and some 1,500 additional commissioned and noncommissioned officers. The latter are to recruit and drill the new “citizen force,” to be called the Continental Army and to consist of 400,000 volunteers, which will form the above-mentioned military reserve. Each volunteer would have two months training annually for the three years of his enlistment and then retire to become a part of the very con siderable body of trained reserve that would soon be built up. The ideal which he has in mind is a great system of industrial and voca tional education, with which is combined such a training in the mechanism and use and care of arms, in the sanitation of camp, in the simpler forms of maneuver and organization, as will make these same men industrially efficient and individually serviceable for national defense. Its emphasis will lie on the industrial and

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civil side of life and the use of force will only be in the background and as the last resort. But we must see to it that a sufficient body of citizens is given the kind of training which will make them efficient for call into the field in case of necessity. The whole agitation is beneficial inasmuch as it is an incen tive to improve our army and navy. But whether the prepared ness which Mr. Wilson advocates would be the best for our country is doubtful. Nor is it meeting with very much approval. The highest officers of the Organized Militia hold that all efforts should be turned toward establishing a better militia, under the control of the various States, but under the general direction of the War Department. There is a growing number of officers who feel that compulsory service or a large standing army are both so opposed to the American ideals that they will be adopted only under the compulsion of necessity, and that the militia under State control is absolutely out of the question as a part of any good scheme for national defense. From a military viewpoint alone, a standing army of 250,000 or more, with reserves to maintain the force and bring it up to war strength and a backing of a million or more trained citizens is the true solution, and compulsory service to maintain such a force would not only be fair and advantageous, but probably necessary. The opinion of an eminent man is that we should maintain but two forces in this section, each with its reserves. One should be a Regular Army of sufficient force to per form the duties of peace without hardship, and the other a Continentl Army of Federal citizen soldiers, replacing the militia entire ly for the purpose of national defense, but taking over its person nel, equipment and the features of the present militia organiza tion which time has shown to be valuable. The introduction of militarism into our country ill accords with our Administration's protests of our being such a peace-lov ing nation. It would also involve very great expenses, which must be met thru taxation. Influenced by the war as we are, this is a very critical time to introduce such a change, when the expenses already exceed the income and Pres. Wilson figures that our Gov ernment will face a deficit of $230,000,000 in the year 1917. And then, is our country really in need of such a large army? It would if we were surrounded with so many hostile nations as Germany but in our continent the need is not so imperative. With our navy the case is different, because upon our navy the outcome of any subsequent war would mainly depend. It has also been subjected to severe censure. In response to a request of the last Congress, Secretary Daniels made a statement in which he discussed our naval needs in the light of the events of the European War and submitted a plan for its increase. The main weakness in our fleet was found to be: shortage of officers and men, lack of fast battle-cruisers, light cruiser aircrafts, limitation

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of mobility of submarines and too frequent overhaul of. battle ships. Of the shortage of men Admiral Fletcher spoke a year ago. We are also very much, in need of battle-cruisers and naval air craft. In 1914 our navy contained battleships and cruisers to the amount of 874,000 tons. The officers and men Of the fleet num bered 51,000. Therefore it is not, as some extermists called it, only a “phantom navy,” neither is it entirely beyond improvement. Several official naval-increase plans were made. The admin istration submitted a plan for spending $502,000,000 on the increase of the Navy during the next five years. The General Board in the report of July 30 recommends a Navy second to none by 1925. An other plan is contained in its report of October 12, on how best to spend $500,000,000 on new naval construction in the next five years. It believes that the Navy of the United States should ultimately be equal to the most powerful maintained by any other nation of the world. It should be gradually increased to this point by such a rate of development year by year as may be permitted by the fa cilities of the country, but the limit above defined should be attained not later than 1925. Its building program is for 1917, in its opinion adequate to the requirements of the nation if continued in subse quent years on a similar scale. If accepted and kept in force as policy, this report would mean an expenditure for new construction alone of $1,600,000,000 in six years. Against this plan the objection was raised that if the United States needs sucli a large navy in 1925, it will need it just as much, and perhaps more urgently, at the end of the war. The success of the campaign to increase the navy depends upon how much money Congress is willing to allow in its Naval Appropriation Bill. Naval defense, in order to be complete and effectual must in clude defense of the coast against bombardment and invasion, de fense of the trade routes traversed by ships carrying the exports and imports of the country, and defense of the national policy, includ ing defense of the nation’s reputation, honor and prestige. The question of how great a navy any country needs depends, not on the size, but on the policies of that country and on the navies of the countries that may oppose those policies. The navy that a country needs is a navy that can defend its policies both offensively and defensively. At the present time nothing is more urgent _ and of graver importance than the question of adequate defense.

Don’t fail to attend the musical event of the season, March 3! College auditorium!

IATHLETICS 丨'丨

Basketball is in full swing now at last and enthusiasm runs high, yes, sometimes even into extremes. Just witness one of these inter-class games once and judge for yourself. Over half of the games scheduled have already been played off. The Seniors, up till now still undefeated, are topping the list, and the Sophomores are keeping the second berth in the percentage column warm. The Juniors have found it pretty easy to remain in third place, but they do not seem to feel entirely at home there, having gotten a little accustomed to second place last year. The Freshies, of course, have not much to get accustomed to, for they are perfectly at ease and contented with the first place beginning at the bottom. We do not by all means mean to say that the teams will all finish in this order at the end of the season, but this is only to familiarize our readers with the teams as they stand at present after the four teenth game of the series. The following are the official scores for each of the fourteen games as compiled by the scorer, Mr. C. F. Fuelling: Saturday, Jan. 15, 1916—First Period. Sophomores, 36. G. FT. F. Freshmen, 18 G. FT. F. B. Lang, P______ ■3 3 0 _7 0 2 Hennemann, F E. Lange ，F .10 1 _2 2 3 Lehmann, F Duxe, C _ .2 0 2 .6 0 4 Tacke, C____ Meier, G .0 0 3 .10 3 Ablemann, G Zeisler, G .1 0 3 F. Brandt, G — Officials:

Zank, Gruendemann.

f；

THE BLACK AND BED.

318

Second Period.

Officials:

Schlueter, F-G _ Gutzke, F-----Naumann, C-G Kolander, G-P Binhammer, G Gruendemann, C

020000

0 0 0 0 2 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

G. FT. F. 032 000

9 .3 .4 .3 .0 •0 .0

Vollmers, F Eickmann, F Froehlke, C — H. Brandt, GWestendorf, G Zank,(G Puhlbr igge, G

Juniors, 12

13 212 2

G. FT. F.

Seniors, 41

Henning, Lehmann.

Wednesday, Jan. 19, 1916一First Period. G. FT. F

Seniors, 40

Officials:

0 Mueller, F____ 0 Hannemann, F 0 Tacke, C-------IF. Brandt, G— 2 Sievert, G-------

2 0 3 11

0 4 0 0 0

o1ooo

.2 .9 •7 .3 4

G. FT. F. 6000 0

Kolander, F____ Gutzke, F_____ Gruendemann, C Bodamer, G____ Naumann, G___

21111

Gruendemann. Lehmann.

Sec ond Period. Freshmen, 13 G. FT. P.

Juniors. 54

0B. Lang, F. 0 E. Lang, F. 2 Duxe, C . 3 Zeisler, G . 3 Meier, G —

04000

Officials:

1 1 0 0 0

G. FT. F. 2 4 810

,8 .6 .5 .0 .0

Eickmann, F _ Vollmers, F ― Froehlke, C Zank, G-------Fuhlbrigge, G

Sophomores, 34

Froehlke, Henning.

Saturday, Jan. 22, 1916First Period.

5 0 Mueller, F_____ 0 1 Lehmann, F____ 0 1 Tacke, C_______ OIF. Brandt, G___ 0 0 Sievert, G______ Gruendemann, Henning.

G. FT. F. 1 oo1 o

--------- 5 --------- 4 _____ 11 ______ 2 ----------5 Officials:

Freshmen. 16

4 0 12 0

Eickmann, P Vollmers, P . Proehlke, C . Zank, G____ H. Brandt, C.

G. FT. F.

112 0 1

Seniors, 59

319

THE BLACK AND BED.

G. FT. .4 0 3 •7 0 •2 0 0 0

Froehlke, Lehmann.

Wednesday, Jan. 26, 1916—First Period. Juniors, 20

G. FT. P.

0 Froehlke, P― 2 Vollmers, F— 0 Zank, C_____ OH. Brandt, G0 3 Fuhlbrigge, G Westendorf, G Eickmann, F Officials: Henning, Lehmann.

°o

112 10 10

0 4

0200000

3 3 0 0 _____ 2

Seniors, 32

2 4 25 0 0 2

Schlueter, F Gutzke, F___ W. Retzlaff, C. Binhammer, G Naumann, G

G. FT. F.

Second Period. Freshmen, 11 Lehmann, F___ Mueller, F ____ Tacke, C______ Sievert, G_____ F. Brandt, G___

G-

R 2 0 0 10

F. 0 1 0 5 0

V0003

Officials:

22000

O1ooo

Sophomores, 45 B. Lange, F______ E. Lange, F______ Duxe, C__________ Meier, G________ Lau, G__________

Westendorf, Gruendemann.

Saturday, Jan. 29, 1916一First Period.

03oooo

Proehlke, Lehmann.

ooo

cGG

Me ze U:G La

1220101

0 30 000 0

Officials:

ge, ge,

G. FT. F.

1110

Sophomores, 43

G. FT. F. 25 00 00 0

Naumann, F-G Gutzke, F___ W. Retzlaff, C Kolander, G Bodamer, G Schlueter, F Binhammer, G

Juniors, 17

Period. Sophomores, 31 B. Lange, P--------E. Lange, F______ Duxe, C---------------Zeisler, G________ Meier, G_________

20 0 2 2

20 0 00

Officials:

o1o 23

seec F

G. 4 1 5 0 2

Juniors, 26 Gutzke, F---------Kolander, F------Gruendemann, C Bodamer, C_____ Naumann, G------

320、

THE BLACK AND BED. ’ •22220

010 2 0

Second Period. G. FT. F. Freshman, 17 _______ 6 0 1 Mueller, F_____ ----------- 7 4 0 Hannemann, F _______ 4 0 1 Tacke, C______ _______ 2 OIF. Brandt, G___ -----------4 0 2 Sievert, G_____ Officials: Gruendemann, Henning.

22030

Seniors, 50 Vollmers, F _ Eickmann, F Zank, G_____ H. Brandt, GWestendorf, G

Wednesday, Feb. 2, 1916—First Period.

112 0 6

10 12 2

F o1 o o o

400 0 0

T. F.

13 110

•Double foul.

Second Period. G. FT. F. Freshmen, 13 —4 1 #2 F. Brandt, F__ __ 0 0 0 Hannemann, F —0 0 1 Tacke, C------__ 3 0 2 Abelmann, G 一 __ 1 0 2 Sievert, G l___ Officials: Zank, Henning.

Juniors, 17 Gutzke, F 二― Kolander, F — W. Retzlaff, C. Naumann, G _ Bodamer, G -

Feb. 5, 1916—First Period. FT. F. Seniors, 46 7 0 Eickmann, F __ 0 1 Vollmers, F___ 0 5 Froehlke, C-----0 2 H. Brandt, G___ 0 1 Westendorf, G Gruendemann, Lehmann.

G. FT. F. 3 0 0 4 2 0 6 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 G6645 o

Saturday, Sophomores, 43 G. E. Lange, F. ----------- 2 B. Lange, F. ------------7 Duxe, C___ ----------- 8 Zeisler, G ----------- 0 Lau, G------ _______ 1 Officials:

53 4 4 0

Second Period. Seniors, 47 G. FT. F. Sophomores, 26 Eickmann, P _______ 5 3 OB. Lange, P Vollmers, F _ ----------- 8 0 3 E. Lange, F Froehlke, C _■ ------------6 0 1 Duxe, C________ H. Brandt, G_ ----------- 2 0 1 Zeisler, G_____ Westendorf, G -----------1 0 1 Lau,G__________ Officials: Gruendemann, P. Brandt.

T. p. 70000

G. FT. F. Freshmen, 11 -------1 0 0 Hannemann, F ____ 8 6 4 F. Brandt, F — ____ 0 0 2 Tacke, C_____ -------0 0 4 Abelmann, G ____ 7 0 2 Sievert, G____ ____ 0 0 0 Officials: Froehlke, Henning.

G o 11 o o

Juniors, 38 Schlueter, F Gutzke, P___ W. Retzlaff, C • Naumann, G Bodamer, G Kolander, F

T. F.

一Clan call! —Dad the famous basket ball reverie. 一Wap and Wohs, attorneys at law, turn their suits over to Kohli. •

•鬌

丨

罄

—No wonder Abbot is careless about skunks, furs are rather cheap now. ♦

本*

—Prof: “Xenophon hat auch okonomische Schriften geschrieben, wie z. B. Wie man ein Madchen erzieht, dass sie eine Hausfrau wird.” Student: “Warum lesen wir das nicht?” Prof. “Weil Sie doch nie eine gute Hausfrau werden wtirden.” ―Student: “How is it that you are not out tonight?” Colleague: “If the money is out, then I am in; if the money is in, then I am out.” 眷#

肴#

―Sergeant: “Why do you turn up so late?” Recruit: “I lost my way, sir.” Sergeant: “Well, you had better stay in barracks until you know the town better. Dismiss!”一Ex. # * * * —If we would judge man’s wisdom by the length of his whiskers, then-----------would not be wise. 餮##

一“You are singing through your nose, Foolish.” Foolish: “Yes, I know my nose is clogged.” ifl7 ER »\6

322

THE BLACK AND BED.

—Wahlkandidat (in seiner Rede): <rWollt ihr eine neue Schule, wahlt mich! Wollt ihr gute Strassen,—wahlt mich! Wollt ihr rassereines Rindvieh,—wahlt mich.” • • « * —Prof: “What name was given to the period after the War of 1812, in which Monroe was president?” Student: **The Era of Monroe Doctrine.” * * * —Lady: “Do you believe, Doctor, that married men live longer than unmarried?” Doctor: “I don’t think so, life just seems longer to them.” 本本本

―**Brevity is the soul of wit,” observed tlie sage. “May be,” replied the fool, “but I never feel very witty, when I am short.”一Ex. • • • * 一English patriot: “I would like to go to the front, but I can’t, I am married.” —D ame zur Freundin: “Dein Mann hat also die Jagerei aufgegeben und ist Automobilist?” :Freundin: “Ja, jetzt bringt er nocli melir Vielizeug nach. Hause, als wie er noch Jager war.” « « * # 一“And you have experience with children,” inquired the woman who was about to engage a nurse. “Sure I have,” returned the applicant with a broad smile, “I was a child myself!” —“That friend of your’s snores terribly.*1 “Well, don’t wake him until we are done eating, for he eats ten times as noisy as he snores.” ♦

本寧

—Private mail carrier wanted for rooms No. 5 and 6. 一<rWhat does the little man want to buy to-day?” Candy? asked the store-keeper kindly, as five-year-old James entered. ‘*You betcher life I do,” corroborated James, “but I gotta buy 一First Student: “You look like another man after your vacation.** Second Student: “I am; my name is Gust.” • • • • 一Sam: Oh, you’ll like it there all right, Westie; all you do is eat and sleep.

THE BLACK AND BED.

323

—>Mother: “My son, you should never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.” Son: “Then, mother, we’d better eat the rest of that mince pie to-night!” •

一“Oh,” exclaimed Percy as the desert came in, “I wish I had known that we have ice cream for dinner!” **Why, what difference would it have made?)’ inquired his mother. “Oh, lots, I should not have wasted my stomach on other stuff. 一Als man erziihlte, dass ein bertihmter Maler mit einem Pinselstriche ein lachendes Kindergesicht in ein weinendes yerwandeln konnte, bemerkte jemand trocken. “Pali, das ist keine Kunst, das kann ich mit einem Besenstiel.” 一The chief paused on his rounds and prodded the sleeping po liceman. '4What, asleep again?” lie said. “Can it be from force of habit?” “No sir,” answered the drowsy policeman. “It’s just a habit of tlie force.”一Ex. 一“Something in mirrors, madam? Let me show you the latest wrinkle.” Mrs. Buyer: “I saw it in my own mirror this morning. You needn’t call my attention to it.” 一Professor zu einem sehr alten Sekundaner: “Als Alexander 80 alt war wie Sie, hatte er schon die Welt erobert!” Der hat auch Aristoteles zum Lehrer gehabt!" Schuler: Compliment (?) *

本

•—Young Wife: “Oh, John, the rats have eaten all my cake!” Husband: “Wliat, all of it? Young Wife: “Every piece, I feel like crying!” Husband: Oh, pshaw! Don，t cry over a few rats.” —Junior: ‘‘Say, you did not wash your face at all.” Prep.: “Yes, I did; if you don’t believe me, go look at my towel.” 一*'Nu, Herr Pinkus, was sagen Sie zu diesem Menu? Um Neujahr herum Kirschen!” r **Was, Kirschen? die hab* ich bei mir in Posen schon vor flechs Monaten geliabt.”

FIRST GRAND

Semi=Annual

Concert GIVEN BY THE

Band, Orchestra, Chorus and Quartette AT

College Auditorium

FRIDAY, MARCH 3 Let’s Go!

lEngrabtttg OI0. Artiata 祀ngrabwrfi Printtra The most efficient ana complete Engraving and Printing Plant In Wisconsin

；；

PHONES: MAIN 1646 OR 2777

MILWAUKEE

1 16 MICHIGAN ST.

It’s not hard to make your clothes /?e/pyouin making in the

M =Sess ln i

Just get garments whose well - bred style suggests suecess and prosperity.

You’ll find that in ! 明 S^nceriiy

Sincerity Clothes

WGg__Gr-MGrCo•: Corner Main and Third Streets

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wis.

313 Main Street IVe Recommend

BOSTONIAN，， SHOES FOR MEN.

Leo Ruesch 210 West Main Street.

Smoke Home Comer, Limit and Advance 5 CENT CIGARS AND

O N AR I TA 10 CENT CIGAR ■

Sonnemann & Amann

0. F. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS. Please Give Us a Trial We Try to Give Satisfaction

402 Main St.

W. D. SPROESSER GO. JEWELERS Pianos and Victor Victrolas A large Stock of Records con stantly on hand.

111 Main St.

’Phone No. 259-Y Watertown, Wis.

New Method Laundry DIETER <S ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

'Puonb 81-Y

Give your Laundry to GUSTAV SCHLEGEL, Manager STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

OWEN’S DRUG STORE 412 MAIN STREET NEAR CORNER OF FIFTH

Agents for Seneca Cameras and Photographic Supplies

Dr. T. 0. Abelmann PHYSICIAN and SURGEON Evenings, 7 to 8 p. m.

0伍ce Hoars:一12:30 to 3 p. ra. Sundays bj Appointment. Olllce and Residence:

Watertown, Wla.

500 Second Street

IF ITS

INSURANCE

;C 承;eidterf TEACHER OF

See H. P. BAHR Cargest Agency in City Phone 26S-X Masonic Temple

Watertown, Wis.

3?iulin zutit 吞arwwtg 僉tM&iu 103 iSatn 0t.

3FUuw

HERTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

BITTNER & TETZLAFF “PRESCRIPTION DRUGGISTS” In business for

YOUR HEALTH “Black and Red” Cigar WE SELL THE

“The Rexall Store

203 Main Street,

Watertown, Wis.

Dealer 2a

RELIABLE FURNITURE UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER Private Chapel Up-to-Date Equipment 313 MAIN STREET 與rs. iE•罗.Assistant Phone 54-X Res.，Phone 51-X

Watertown’s

Leading Furniture

Store F. G. KECK & CO. 110-112 Main Street. You will find a complete line of FRUITS of all kinds in season at

John E- Heismann CASH GROCER TELEPHONE 62

US MAIN STREET

Wm. Gorder Co. COAL，WOOD- COKE， SEWER PIPE AND

BUILDING MATERIAL 608 Main Street

Telephone 33-1R

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ^

lttuiuuttuiuuauuiuu〖uuiuiuuiuiuiuiuiuii〖iummiuiuiu_ Announcing a Suit and Overcoat offering，surpassing anything we have ever shown in mid-season More than 1000 fine garments from the country’s leading makers at prices which fully demon strate greater value-giving policies of the live store Here are all the wanted, wished-for styles. Snugfitting, military models, fine business suits of serge and worsted, stout models for men of generous measure, high novelties such as The Beaufort, Fore ward models for the hard to fit. Checks, stripes, plain and fancy suitings in all colors and shades. The House of Kuppenheimer never made better suits than we purchased from them this season; never have we shown so diversified a line, and it is no idle boast when we tell you that any man can find satisfaction here in good measure.

H. T. 204 EBERLE，Druggist Main Street

E. H. COOK, M. D.

Carries Kodaks and all necessary Supplies also handles the Parker Fountain Pens

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT

Special Sale of

、_聊_0_li6S Candies, Notions and General Merchandise

W. F. Gruetzmacher’s 409 Main St. "Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORt

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY GO.

Practice limited to

SPECTACLES AND EYE CLASSES SCIENTIFICALLY FITTED Hour*: 9:30 to {):30 a. m.| l<30to 4 m.| 7 to 8 Wednesday and Saturday evening! Sundays^ SO to II a. m. Telephone 305-Y Offict9 HcrUl & Hoffman Bldg. Watertowni Wl«

€ba$. % Salick

BASE BALL, TENNIS

and all other Kinds of

SPORTING GOODS land 3 MAIN ST.

AT THE BRIDGE

400 Main Stre〆

Any One

BAUMANN DAIRY GO. MAKERS OF

FORCET-ME-NOT BRAND <

Butter and Ice Cream

FRED BITTNERSP.TO-DATE 501-3 N. FOURTHST.

GROCEK

PHONE 135-Y

WE ARE READY To show you our line of Spring Shirts, To show you Hart, Schaffner & Marx Spring Suits. No need of waiting until the choice suits are selected. Come in and look over our spring goods. S

HERTEL ^ HOfFMANN MEN9S WEAR

107-109

MAIN STREET

To Secure TEE BEST AND AT

Most Reasonable Prices Place Your Uniform Order With Us :

We also make College Goods and Capsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Flags, Banners, Penants and other College Novelties. SEND FOR CATALOG

The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co. CINCINNATI Ask the Boys who are Wearing Our Uniforms

George Zoelle’s

Barber $!)op Right Across from the Postoffice

STUDENTS:

deposit your funds with this bank and make all payments by check. No matter how small—your account will receive careful attention.

xn 班Riertohm%

UTHE BEST AMERICAN MAKE"

THE Herman I. Wil BARBER WSLO^OOT

GOOD DANDRUFF REMOVER Watertown, Wis. 119 West Main St.

“THE jajNSATA,9 WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of CIGARS, TOBACCO AND PIPES VE SOLICIT YOUR PATRONAGE

(nm

204 WEST MAIN STREET

_jg co.”

101 Main Slreet, Watertown, Wis.

Wc cordially solicit a share of your patronage. Wc carry a complete line of Drugs, Medicines, Cigars, Stationery and all goods found in a first-class Drug Store. Cameras, Films to fit nil makes, and other Photo Supplies. Give ut a call. Yours truly,

an. T>ovicustev

ARROW COLLAR

2 for 25c Cluett, Peabody & Co” Inc^ Makers

L l LESGHiNGER Guo M«Ul CtU

GAMM CORNER DRUG CO.

Needless Risk Your house, household goods, horses, cattle, grain and auto are subject to loss by fire, lightning and windstorm. Insure them now in the Strongest Insurance Companies REPRESENTED DY

Fred Siegler, Agent FARMERS AND CITIZENS BANK

Cor. 4th and Main

The Quick-Stepping College Man will find more real fun in wearing Collegian Clothes than he has ever experienced in any clothes. These “natty” garments are shaped along bold lines and the fabrics sparkle with life. Whether it’s a suit or overcoat, tone prevails. Don't think for a minute that you have seen or worn styles as bright as the Collegian styles, for you haven’t. Ycu’ll realize it the moment you see them.

<r^TMTowH.'Wrsr^

FRED E. MAASS DEALER IN

Staple and Fancy Groceries and School Supplies

605 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

THE BLACK and RED CIGAR NOW LEADS 'EM ALL

Schlueter Bros. 105 Main Street

Wat<rtpwnv Wit.

Patronize Black and Red Advertisers WE WILL TREAT YOU RIGHT

Barker Lumber 6i Fuel Co. LUMBER BUILDING MATERIAL. DEALERS IN

AND ALL KINDS OF

RE-SCREENED COAL FIRST STREET

WATERTOWN. WIS. Telephone 86

Classy New Boots

THE shoe illustrated herewith is one of the many new models we are now displayingfor spring： wear. They are strikingly hand some and "different,” with graceful Louis Cuban heels and welt soles.

A new feature is the novel facing and stitching. We advise selection now while the assort ment is most complete.

A. KALIEBE GUARANTEED MERCHANDISE IS ALL

WE SELL If you haven’t used our goods it’s time you did. Get that feeling of satisfaction that you are entitled to.

Football-Basket Ball Base Ball equipment Sweaters-Skates-Jerseys

College Athletic Supply Go. No. 56 7 Well* St.

Milwaukee, Wis. Get our catalog

616 MAIN STREET

PICTURES FRAMED RIGHT UP TO THE MINUTE

The best Variety of PICTURE FRAME Moulding in tbe City Give us a. trial We sure can please you

Chas. Heismann 108 THIRD STREET

EVERYTHING in POCKET CUTLERY and RAZORS. Examine our Line befor buying：

You get a quick satisfactory painless shave with a WISS GUARANTEED

D. & F. KisseB Co. 108-110-112 W. Main St.

IH Store of Quality

RAZOR Price $1.50 to S3.50 Try one at our risk.

mg. mm\ go. 307 Main St.

Deiminger，s Gromid-Fioor Studio 312關ain St.

Tke Place of Quality

Telephone 15S-Y

Walter A. Krahmer WHOLESALE AND RETAIL：

Bakery and Confectionery

C. Boergsrs Ml Wet FEESM Aim SALT MEATS SAUSAGE, ETC.

114 W. Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

BAUMANNS Home-Made Candies, Ice

Telephone 272-Y

112 Second St.

W扯ertowE PIsoto Co. 關 EYES^S

GALLERY

114 Third St. A STUDIO THAT ALWAYS PLEASES

Cream and Sodas.

200 W.NainSt.

P加nG 92-X

A TRIAL WILL CONVINCE YOU THAT OUR STYLES ARE ALWAYS UP TO THE MINUTE.

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

DENTIST COR. FIRST and MAIN STREETS

Over Wiggrenhora’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street Telephone No. 258

FIRST-CLASS WORK

R. P. KOENIG & CO.

Fiaeit Gradei HARD W HEAT, WINTER WHEAT AND RYE FLOURS

$im Block “Cbe Barber”

115 Third Street

Watertown, Wis.

QUEENBest Family Rye Flour Corn, Oats, Screenings, Oil Meal, Buffalo Gluten Feed, Cotton Seed Meal, Calf Meal, Timothy and Marsh Hay, all kinds ground Feed. Special Attention given to farmers custom work.

Better Service! Better Quality! Most for your money should be your aim in 1916. You will get ail this at

Bazin’s 么=Grocery Phone 214-X

905 Main St.

QUALITY AND SERVICE OUR HOBBY

Watertown Creamery Co. Manufacturers of

FANCY CREAMERY BUTTER AND ICE CREAM WATERTOWN, WILLIAM GEHRKE DRUGGIST Successor to R. H. Brennecke

315 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

TELEPHONE 46-X

Bert C. Froemming EAST END BARBER SHOP. 602 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

WISCONSIN CIGAR T. R A • 5c THREE SIZES Fine Havana Filler ^IGGENHORN BROS. CO.

A. WIGGENHORN & SON

JEWELERS

FINE WATCH REPAIRING (rACTORT ■XPKRIBHCC^

Watertown, WJ«con*in

Phone 465-Y

105 Main Street

The! Princess Confectionery GEORGE SPYROS, Proprietor

Ice Cream, bandies and WATERTOWN, WIS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Literary: Marshall Paul von Hihdenburg. —280.! Einer Mutter Fuersorgc_____ …20f Editorials__________ ____ —__ _ College Notes__________ 一. —30(1. Aus dem Seminar_______ Exchanges: Goshen College Record—，-:..，—二 308 The Pharos------------------------ — —-3or ail Oe Rebus Omnibus-----317 .Athlftics.—…… 3会r Campus and Classroom.

:-..

:K密广

ilarrh ifllfi.

Northwestern College WaUrVown, WÂ»a.

y .㈣‘

r.：

射aff uf UnluutF XIX. bids

tn all

Seabfrfi nnb patrons of Hark nnb 逛❿•“

the black and red

Volume XIX.

Watertown, Wis.，March 1916.

Number 10

SIC SEMPER EDITORIBUS! (With profuse apologies to poetry in general and to the old Black and Red staff in particular.) PROLOGUE. ’Neath somber pall the old staff passcth o’er. For March has brought to encl the old regime. Five members erudite could ncvemiorc Escape the sentence of Time’s guillotine. No more with doubtful verse will they regale The helpless readers of their printed page; Nor evermore write a prodigious talc Incredible alike to fool and sage: No more replete their honored magazine With heavy essays, wit with point or no; Nor vent upon the innocent their spleen Engendered of an editorial woe. In sooth, calamity so drear as this Should not pass to antiquity unwept! Accordingly we hold it not amiss To call for Pegasus, who is adept At weaving rhythm into ragged verse.一 Ho've’er，we first must give him aught to quaff, Lest each new line degenerate to worse In this elegiac song to the passing staff.

㈣❺ HENRY J. BRANDT M 6 PAUL G. EICKMANNM6 GUSTAV J. SCHLEGELM7

ELMER C. KIESSLINGM7 GERTRUDE M. SCHLUETER M 6 ADELBERT F.WESTENDORF M6 WALTER W. SPRENGELER 1 麵 OTTOC.KLAYEM8 HELMUTH W. SCHAEFER，J 7

虜:

^ .... ...■

THE BLACK AND BED. But we suspect it hails from Jefferson, Though town like famous Thomas would disclaim Such elongated language as its own. Perchance of Webster lineage thou art born, Mayhap thou even hadst the worthy pluck To con unseen the Stanard every mom— — That book anathemized_if so, ’tis luck Thou hast, my friend. Olympus smiles benign And graces thee another year condign. :: Thee, too, O solemn Klaye, greets the Muse! Albeit only “locally” known till now Thou meritcst publicity profuse Of praise as niucli as merit will allow. We feel thou hast performed, thy duty well, Recording truly star-crossed Chuck’s ill luck In catching fish and mermaids, as you tell,— Forgetting not the eulogies on Kluck. Forsooth, its arms the future opens wide And bids thee two years more a scribe abide. Calliope hencficient, stand l)y While yet wc on this balky mount remain! In these last verses naught must go awry: We sing reincarnation of Mark Twain. Though Gustav's wit his grave mien would belie, There seldom was another among men Could turn a tear to smile, or halt a sigh Quite half so well as Gustav Schlegel can Rejoice, therefore, ye who his jokes admire: Just yet escapes tliis editor’s funeral pyre. EPILOGUE. Pause, noble steed, abate thy far-winged flight, Our requiem we at last have brought to close! In yonder oatfield wish we to alight To rest our aching limbs in snu°： repose. There may'st thou iminch ambrosia «nperceived. That done, we’ll haste us to sweet Hippocrene And lave our parching tongues until relieved; Then scale Olympus to the celestial scene. Anent those mortals we did late lament, We’ve mourned their pyre to our heart’s content: Peace to their editorial ashes we decree,一 And may they henceforth live right happily! Signed一Ess. 一Passed by the N. B. C.

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The editor of the Sophrosyne College Monthly was in his usual dilemma. He had to issue his monthly journal within a week and had not a single con tribution. No poem, no story, no article had presented itself at his desk. Never before had his dilemma taken- such proportions. He had always received at least one or two contributions of some merit, but this month he had nothing. Still his paper had to make it appearance at the set date. That was the trust people had placed in him when they delegated the work to him. What should he do? His only choice was to produce something of his own. With a sigh of resignation he took his pen. He must have a poem first of all. Other papers had criticized his paper because of its prosaic aspect. If he wished to justify himself, he must have a poem. But of what nature should the poem be? An ode, a ballad, a sonnet? Should it treat of love, of friendship, of nature, or perhaps even of some less exalted topic, as, for instance, fishing? Perhaps he would be able to choose better after he had made a few. Cupid stood with flowers bedecked, Eating peanuts by the peck— No, that would never do! He could not write a love theme. Perhaps an ode to Spring would succeed better. Winter months have passed again, The sun throws down its balmy beams And drives from out the ground the frost,— T’were time to plant the corn, it seems. That was worse than the other one. He must think more deeply, seek for a high thought and the appropriate words and expressions. This would only be accomplished after a lengthy meditation. He therefore promptly rested his corrugated brow upon his hands and began to search for an elevat ed thought. But the inspiration would not come. He could not concentrate his thoughts, they wandered continuously from one object to another. But gradually he lost one object after the other, he seemed to forget his environ ments, he felt a certain elation in his heart,―the muse had condescended to remain with him awhile. Now he would produce something, perhaps some thing of wonderful merit. But even the Muse could find no resting-place in the mind of the harassed editor, for a footstep in front of his door quickly put her to flight. The door opened and a fellow student stepped up to the discomfitted editor and said: “I have brought you a short poem which you possibly could use. The editor could hardly believe his own eyes. But there lay the poem, a real poem. Such a relief! Now he need only to make a story. He would not have to pursue the Muse on her irregular flights any longer, and he could dismount from the refractory Pegasus. To produce a story necessi tated less time and energy than a poem would. But even this task was spared him. Another student entered. He had several manuscripts in his hand and handed them to the editor with the words: “Perhaps you would appreciate

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this little story. It is one to which I have devoted some time and work. I hope it will prove worthy of your paper.” The editor gasped for breath. Just when he had given up all hope, he had been presented with two most highly-prized contributions. Another burden had been taken from his hands. All he would need to make himself was a short article. But this was the most difficult task. What kind of topic should lie choose ? Should it be Washington or John McGraw ? Which would be of more interest to his readers ? But even this indecision was cut short by the entrance of another person. “I have made a short study of Washington,” lie said, “and have put my discoveries on paper. If it is not wliat you expect, however, I have also a short biography and characterization of John McGraw. You may choose which you 'vill.” The editor completely bewildered. He tried to mutter some words of appreciation, but liis complete surprise deprived him of the power of expression. Still there was more in store for him. Hardly had the latest con tributor left when a host of students thronged ini each had a story, a poem or joke that lie wished to contribute. The editor stared with eyes deplete of any expression but unutterable surprise. The pile of manuscripts had assumed a verily monstrous hci^lit. In a sort of (laze the editor walked to his table. Me feared lest the entire pile should vanish upon his touch. There was something uncanny about his excessive good fortune, something which made him tremble lest it should only prove an illusion. But the minutes passed and the pile was still there. It (lid not even vanish when touched. That which lie had uniil now deemed impossible had occurred—he was in position to select. Until now lie was forced to accept, but a sudden caprice of fortune liad given him tlic first opporiunity to select what he thought lit for print. His joy gre'v as his incredulity diminished. He set about selecting the best articles immediately, But even here lie must be disturbed. The mailman entered and deposited an unusual nu.nber of letters on liis table. He opened and—oh, wonders—they contained alumni news. Alumni news ? Of all impossibilities he had deemed this the most impossible. And still even this had come to pass, And the exhaustiveness with which each letter related the latest bits of news of practically even. alumnus was truly gratifying. The editor tried to convince himself that this was real; lie felt 巧s though he had been carried into Wonderland, where the slightest wish is readily fulfilled. His good fortune was entirely beyond his comprehension. He walked about the room in an excited manner and tried hard to believe that it was all true. Another footstep at the door caused him to pause. He fervently hoped that it was no more good luck. He did not wish that his too good fortune should only adumbrate <i complete reversion, as it did to Polycrates. Despite his hope lie must receive more good news. The advertising manager cntered with a broad smile. “Wonderful luck,” he said, gleefully. “Here I’ve got Messrs. Grouch and Fight for a large ad” and P. N. Urious also wanted a full page. Besides these I’ve got six new advertisers. Five of our old

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standbys have enlarged their ads, so that our receipts are about doubled. Why don’t you congratulate me? You don’t seem the least bit excited.” The editor felt as though he were climbing vertiginous heights and were in immediate danger of being- precipitated. He was by this time completely nonplussed. He could not even collect his equanimity enough to congratulate his successful co-editor. But even here the flux of luck did not cease. The business manager rushed into the room, pale and trembling. He sank weakly into a chair and gasped for breath. Finally he stammered forth: “There’s something wrong. Every subscriber has paid. Not one of them is in arrears.” ^ This was too much. The poor editor felt his senses leaving him. He grabbed for a support, but failed to get a hold and fell with a resounding thump. Suddenly everybody vanished. The business managers were gone and what was worse, the entire pile of manuscripts, and before him were lying the lines: Cupid stood with flowers bedecked Eating peanuts by the peck. The editor rubbed his eves and muttered: “I must have been dreaming.” —A. F. W”，i6.

RESOLVED THAT WOMEN SUFFRAGE BE Homeburg was in a state of extreme agitation. Trouble bad been brew ing for some time and now the fire had. broken out lustily and reddened the otherwise so peaceful sky with a glow that forebode strife and conflict for illustrious little Homeburg. And what was this apple of discord that biought such dissension into the ranks of Homeburg’s citizens ? Merely that ques tion with which our social reformers and political fanatics are distracting the minds of the women of today, Should Women Vote? The entire male populace with but one exception had voted the question down, but the weaker sex had risen like one man and deserted home life and its affections for the sake of the cause. Today they were to score a rousing victory much to the chagrin of the opposition. Today a Mrs. Pankhurst the Second was to ad dress the voters of the village of Homeburg. Of all the voters of the town, but one turned up at the massmeeting and lie was there merely because his better half had such a firm grip on his arm. The rest of the audience was composed of flaring dresses and gossipy mouths. Amid the buzz and whirr of conversation occasional shrieks and squeaky utterings of hilarity could be heard. Presently all was quiet. There on the platform stood that leader of Amazons, Mrs. Pankhurst the Second, with a three-gallon pitcher of water at her side. A little to her right sat a modicum of a male being, her private secretary. His careworn face, his eyes without a glimmer of hope in them, all despondency, seemed to show the effect of 'voman’s tyranny. Shortly Mrs. P. began her say after a prolonged cough. “Sisters and workers in the common cause, and brave brother, thou pillar

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of progress and civilization，’’ said she, turning to the poor male victim丨 in the audience. “We have today arrived at the milestone around which the fate and fortune of this community is centered. Women of Homeburg! Your destinies are in your hands! Rouse yourself to action and win the coveted prize, the ballot. It is for the welfare of the village, the state and the country that you resolve yourself to hoist the standard ‘Votes For Women’ and come to your own, the governing of this town. Woman has time and again in history shown her infinite superiority over man! Men were leaders and men were blunderers, when woman led, she led wisely, the way only woman can lead. Solomon, for instance, recognized the superior judgment of woman in matters of state and married a thousand who ruled the country for him, and Solomon’s rule was a wise one, it is said. Again, Napoleon let thousands of his soldiers perish in the snow-fields of Russia, would woman have done that ? No, she wouldn’t have gone there at all! (Applause.) And again, who has the greater mind? Scientists and geog raphers have discovered that Shakespeare wasn’t a man after all, but a woman, lienee the greatness of his, or rather her, works. So we have it. Woman is the embodiment of greatness, woman is the greater man. Man is in this world only to reflect the incredible greatness of woman. (Again loud applause and cheers.) And what will we do if we get the ballot ? The millcnium will be here then. Liquor will flow no more, the use of tobacco will be a dream of centuries past, and instead we will build churches and buildings for our card clubs. Instead of these utterly useless agricultural experiment stations our new government will institute in each locality a school lor educating younjj women in the sublime art of making embroidery. So changes will be wrought for the advance of civilization and1 for the bet terment of social conditions in the community. In short, woman is the savior of our country and woman must rule this town. And, Ladies, as your leader, the mayor of this town, choose the best of you, someone with experience and broad-minded common sense and some education. Therefore, Ladies, choose me and you 'von’t be sorry for it. Ladies, I will guide you safely through this vale of turmoil and strife. Ladies, elect me to the office of mayor!” Wild cheers and hair-raising shrieks of enthusiasm filled the air. Finally the noise and tumult subsided and a motion was made and passed to elect the honorable Lady Punkhurst to the office of mayor, Then the crowd dispersed to assemble once more in small groups in front of the houses, of the more influential ones to go once more into ecstasy over the proceedings of the day. Toward evening the men returned home from their rendezvous, where they had fled when they heard about the revolutionary mass-meeting. With a faltering step they entered their once happy homes only to be met at the cloor by the austere wife standing there in Napoleonic pose. Immediately the poor victim drooped his manly head in dutiful submission, and then there issued forth from the lips he had so often kissed in days gone by, a terrific torrent of descriptive adjectives seasoned with an occasionally strong threat. His head drooped even still lower when his love pronounced that awful sen-

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tence on him, that he was ousted, that man must henceforth be woman’s sub servient slave. So women got the ballot in Homeburg. The days following this great day seemed a reign of terror to the men of Homeburg. The mayor and other officers of the town were deposed and women put in their place. The business people of the city were now women. The wives of the business men asked their husbands kindly to vacate their offices and so took the management of affairs in their own hands. Saloons were no more. The sale of tobacco was strictly forbidden. Men were not permitted to do any kind of work save menial labor. Such were the condi tions after that edict of woman suffrage. Naturally this could not be borne long by the men of the town. Nothing was said, however, for fear. Finally the more daring ones arranged for a meeting of all male citizens at Higgen’s Hollows. Secretly the men crept out of their houses and silently they stole over the fields to Higgins Hollows. Quietly the meeting was held. Cautiously, in constant fear of a possible raid on them by their puissant helpmeets, they gathered enough courage to decide on some course of action to relieve them of that yoke of tyranny which this “fiendish woman Punkhurst” had forced on them. Ah! those heroes! They would on a dark night all slip from their fireside, and family circle, provide themselves with enough baked beans and pie to last them for a week, they would gather all the gold dust and paper pelf they had saved, and then they would bravely steal through the alleys and across pastures and fences to their home-to-be, Higgins Hollows. Here they would found another city and so live and be happy. It would be a real formal secession, very much like that one, somebody said, mentioned in history, when the jitney-bus drivers and street car conductors of ancient Rome, the so-called Plebeians, were dissatisfied with their salary and working-hours and went on a strike and took the 5:15 Limited on the Appian line to Avcntinc Junction. Such was the secession planned by those never flinching citizens of Homeburg. It was a dark night, just the right kind for so criminal a move as the enlightened men of Homeburg were about to stoop to. At about 10:33 P. M. the rabbits and owls playing in the woods of Homeburg were frightened time and again by the form of a man dodging through the underbrush in the direction of Higgins Hollows. This lasted for about three hours, then all was silence and the rabbits once more enjoyed themselves on the open moonlit plot of ground at the verge of the dark forest. When next morning the sun peeped through the blinds in the homes of Homeburg’s citizens it shone on empty beds, and when Honieburg’s wives and mothers looked into the room to tell sweet hubby, that if he wouldn’t be so kind as to be at the breakfast-table within thirteen minutes, he would be obliged to do without, hubby was not there. Then Mrs. Hubby ran out to Mrs. Neighbor and Mrs. Neighbor ran out to Mrs. Hubby and both ran over to Mrs. Other Neighbor to tell her of their woes. So it was in every house that morning. Some of the women resorted to pulling their false hair and wigs out in despair, others again gnashed their false teeth in just indig nation. Hastily a mass-meeting was called at the Market Square. Vainly the officers of the police force tried to console the lamenting and pacify the

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raving ones. Presently the mayor, Mrs. Punkhurst, appeared on the rostrum in a kimono and with hands uplifted as thougfh she was about to impart a blessing to the bawling and shrieking multitude, she began: “Citizens, our men have deserted us. They have gone to another place to found another city. Ladies, we will not run after them. Our regime here will be the more peaceful. They will sooner or later be sorry for it. Let them go their own way now, and let no intercourse be kept between us and them.” And they all traced their steps back to their desolate homes with the firm resolution not to swerve from the course they had once adopted But this resolution was not so easily carried out as it was made. Re morse soon crept into the innermost soul of most of the women and many felt heartily sorry for having taken those rigorous measures, for there was still a small spark of love burning in the hearts of many. Then one day it was suddenly discovered that their money-boxes and safes contained only air and a few worthless papers and that their purses could show up only the lining1 on the inside. As they could not purchase food they resorted to the method in vogue with those thrifty night-laborers commonly called thieves. But this inode of procedure did not meet with the approval of the various storekeepers. Little hat-pin brawls ensued. So factions began to form and the house was divided against itself. Some began to think whether it were not wiser to have their loving advisers at their side. Just then something happened that opened the eyes of many of them and showed the foolhardincss of their behavior in the past. It was a windy night. All the town was lulled to heavy sleep, when sud denly the hideous blasts of the fire-whistle broke the silence. But no omt responded to the call, as there was but a volunteer fire department and that was in bed. After about an hour’s blowing the whistle succeeded in waking up some of the fire fighters. Trembling- they ran to the scene of the fire. The entire building, the one and only bank of Homeburg, was ablaze. When they saw that nothing could be done to save the building tliey again dispersed and returned to bed. This night, however, did instill some fear in the citizens of Homeburg. What if their homes should catch fire and bum down to the ground with no one there to rescue or save anything. Oh! that our husbands were here to protect us! And so they from day to day became more resolved to beg their husbands to return to them again. All this while M、rs. Punkhurst sat in her office and sipped hot cocoa and ice cream sodas. But after that fire things changed. Daily complaints came in of misgovernment in some part of the city, petitions for better protection from fire and nightly marauders, but Mrs. Punkhurst complacently smiled and promised to remedy these evils in the very near future, as there was at present no money in the treasury. This however did not satisfy the people and they began to threaten her with removal from office. Ah! thoughtt Mrs. Punkhurst when things became rather uncomfortable for her :“Would it not be better to depart ?J, That the honorable mayor did, and took with her all the municipal funds and moneys she could gather. When the town dis covered next clay that it had been shamefully robbed it almost went wild, but finally composed itself with the thought that it was rid of one of the

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“most hypocritical, lying, thievish, fiendish grafters that ever set foot in an honest country.” When their hearts ceased fluttering in fury the worthy citizens assembled once more on the Market Square. With their pride and high ambition and ideals so sorely humbled they saw it was high time to implore their clear hus bands to return. A delegation was sent there. The now cautious husbands however wanted some promise before they would again condescend to return into the land of trouble, but the pleading and tearful begging of their wives softened their hearts, and they shouldered their belongings after the delega tion had promised solemnly that they would never again do anything with out their husband’s consent. And the women of Homeburg are again nursing their babes and doing their duty and the men are doing what men ought do. So Woman Suffrage failed miserably in Homeburg. O. C. K.,，i8. DEUTSCHER MILITARISMUS. Dass Deutschland in diesem Ringen um seine Existenz nicht langst unteriegenist, hat es vor allem der vortreffiichen Ausbildung seines Heeres danken. Dessen Tuchtigkeit und fast unglaubliche Leistungen crregen in der ganzen Welt staunende Bewunderung. Freilicli, die Feindc Deutschlands schieben ihm die Schuld am ganzen Kriegs zu 1111 d verwerfen die Unterlialtung eines solchen Heeres als Militarismus, wohl hauptsachlich desshalb, 'veil sie seine Ueberlegenheilt zugestehen mussen. Wie unbedingt notvvendig dieser Militarismus, dass es fur den Krig vollkommen geriistct war, sich fur Deutschland erwiesen hat, bedarf im Hinblick auf die Erei^nisse der Gegenwart wohl kaum der Erwahnung. Er hat sich bei dem von anderen Landern umringten und leicht zuganglichen Lande als vollkommen bcreclitigt erwiesen und seine hohen Aufgabe, die Grenzen vor dem Feind zu wahren, erfiillt. Das deutsche Heer wurde nur allmahlich zu seiner Vortrefilichkeit herangebildet. Seine jetzige Organisation erhielt es wesentlich nacli dem Kriege von 1806, in welchem es so schwer geschlagen wurde. Es hatte seit der ruhmreichen Zeit Friedrichs des Grosen nicht mit dem Fortschritt cles Reiches Schritt gehalten und bedurfte deshalb durchgreifender Reformer!. Besonders verdient gemacht um diese hat sich Generalmajor von Scharnhorst, der mit Gneisenau und anderen das Heerwesen ganzlich umschuf. Ihm verdankt es die Einrichtung der Generalkriegsdepartements, die sich noch heute bewahreti. Das Princip der allgemeinen Wehrpflicht wurde aufgestellet und damit das preussische Volksheer, das “Volk in Waffen” geschaffen. Er beseitigte auch das Vorrecht des Adels zu den Officiersstellen. Im Jahre 1874 wurde die Grosse des stehenden Heeres auf 401659 Mann festgesetzt, ein Prozent der Bevolkerung. Seitdem wurde diese Zahl einigemal vergrossert, um mit der wachsenden Bevolkerung Schritt zu halten. Die letzte Neuordnung fand in Jahre 1913 statt; dann wurde es zu seiner jetzigen Starke und Organisation ausgebildet. Der Grundsatz der allgemeinen Wehr-

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pflicht war wegen Unzulanglichckeit der Einrichtungen nie streng durchgefiihrt worden ; diesem Mangel wurde nun abgeholfen. Die Friedensstarke an Gefreiten und Gemeinen steigt damit auf 1,018 vom Hundert der Bevolkerungsziffer und betragt iiber 738,000 Mann, ohne Officiere. Die Kriegsstarke kann man nicht genau bestimmen, sie mag etwa zwei und drei Viertel Millionen Mann im Felde betragen. Die Dienstzeit dauert zwei Jahre bei den Fusstruppen, drei Jahre bei den berittenen Waffen, der Kavallerie und reitenden Artillerie. Die Reservezeit wahrt funf Jalire bei den Fusstruppen, vier bei den berittenen. Die Land'vehrpflicht dauert bis zum 31. Mai cles Jahres, in dem das 39. Lebensjahr vollendet wird und zerfallt in zwei Aufgebote; dem ersten gehoren alle noch nicht Dicncnden vom 17. Lcbensjahre an unci alle als minder tauglich nicht in den aktiven Dienst Eingestellten bis zum 39. Lebensjahr, dem zweiten alle as der Landwchr, clem Landsturm ersten Aufgebots und der Ersatzreserve Ausgeschicdencn bis zum 45. Lebcnsjahre an. Um der Eh re willen, die in der Einbcrufting liegt, wcrden alle diejenigen Personen von derselben ausgeschlosscn, (lie zu Zuchthausstrafe verurteilt oder mit clem Verlust der biirgerlichen Ehrenrechte best raft worden sind. Zum einjahrig aktiven Dienst gehort der Nachvveis einer besonderen wisscnschaftlichcn, kiinstlcrischen oder technischen Vorbildung. Audi Volksscluillchrer und Leliramtskandidatcn dienen nur ein Jahr. Oberster Kricshcrr im Fricden und im Krieg ist der Kaiser und dies ist cin grosser Vorzug vor ancleren Heeren, wo die Ernennung dcs Oberbefelilshabers manchmal Zll ernsten Zcrwiirfnissen fiihrt. Ihm unterstehen achl Annecinspcctcurc, die im Kriege zugleich die Oberbefehlshaber sind. Besonders wichtig bei der Vcrwaltung des (lutschen Ileeres ist das preussische Kriegsministerium, die oberste militarische Vervvaltungsbehorde. Es zerfallt in melire sogenannte Departements: Kriegs-, Versorgungs- und Justizdcpartement, von denen das Zentralclepartement im Mittelpunkt steht. In ihm vereinigen sicli alle Faden dieses ausserordentlichn komplizirten Mechanismus und es hat auch fur die Vertretung im Reichstag zu sorgen. Das allgemeine Kriegsdepartement hat die Verwaltung aller die verschiedenen Waffen betreffenden Angelegenheiten und zerfallt deinentsprechend in eine Armee-, Infanterie-, Kavallerie-, Feldartillerie-, Fussartillerie-, Ingenieur- und Pionier-, sowie endlich eine Verkehrsabteilung-. Ausscrdem unterstehen den verschiedenen Departements noch mehrere Bchorden. Nicht minder wichtig fiir das Heer ist die Tatigkeit des Generalstabes, der alles bearbeitet, was sich auf die Kriegsvorbereitung, die Mobilmachung und den Aufmarsch des Heeres bezieht. Er sorgt auch fiir die Ausbildung der Generalstabsofficiere und stellet den grossten Teil der Lehrer fiir die Kriegsakademie, wo .sie a usgebildet werden. Ausserdem giebt es noch ein Militarkabinett Seiner Majestat (des Kaisers und die preussische Inspection des Militarziehungs und Bildingswesens. Die Leistungsfahigkcit des deutschen Volkes beruht aber nicht vornehmlich auf der allgemeinen Wehrpflicht (Frankreich hat sie auch und in noch grosserem Masse) noch auf (lessen mustergiiltigen Organizierung, sondern vor alien Dingen auf den Geist, der das Heer durchdringt und die Zucht, die

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den sincl. Am wichtigsten ist Gottvertrauen. Daraus und aus der Liebe zu Konig und Vaterland crwachst aucli jene Opferfreucligkeit, die alle Kriegstugcnden in sich birgt. Um nun den Soldaten diese Tugenden beizubringen, bedarf es besonders geschickter Lehrer und Erzieher. Um wirklich Einfluss auf das Gemut und den Willen der Zoglinge zu haben, miissen die Lehrer selber ausgepragte Personlichkeiten sein. Und wie vieler solcher Manner hat nicht gerade das deutsche Heer besessen! Nadi diesen Grundsatzen wird aucli die eigentliche Ausbildung- durchgefiihrt. Dass Arbeitspensums ist gewaltig, und die Anforderungen sind sehr hoch, aber gerade dadurch wird der Soldat zu der Leistungsfahigkcit gebracht, die dem ganzen Volk so grossen Segen gebracht hat. 一G. M. S.，，i6. GENERAL HERKIMER. The average student of history is as a rule almost entirely ignorant of the important role played by the Indians in our Revolutionary war and lias but little knowledge of the ruin and devastation wrought by the different tribes in the numerous frontier affairs during' the period of that conflict. In following the campaigns of Washington and the other great American gen erals, he overlooks the seemingly less important “squabbles” on the frontier and hence sees no connection whatsoever between the frontier fighting and the general outcome of the Revolution. Yet on ground of more accurate research a great deal of importantce has been + attributed to these frontier bat ties, some writers even going so far as to assert that the decisive battle of the war was fought here, namely at Oriskany. Whether or not such great significance can be attached to the frontier fighting is not for us to decide; that it did, however, affect the course of the Revolution, and that to no small degree, can be easily seen, if one makes it the object of closer and more careful study. dort herrscht. Auf der Mannszucht seiner Armee baut sich Deutschlands Machtstellung auf. Und diese eiserne Mannszucht, die seit Friedrich dem Grossen so viele Kriege gewonnen hat, wird dem Soldaten systematisch anerzogen. Damals waren die Soldaten so griindlich geiibt, dass der einzelne seinen Willen ganz und gar unter denjenigen des Kriegsheeres unterordnete u几d fiir dessen Sache aucli ohne Bedenken in den Tod ging. Bei den heutigen Kampfen in den Schiitzengrabern ist das nicht mehr geniigend, es muss clazu auch die Erziehung kommen. Die Tngend cler Mannszucht wird also EhrenT?n-le jedes Landeskind angesehen. Im Heere lernen sie Gehorsam und Pfljchtreue, der kategorische Imperativ wire! ihnen tief eingepragt. Und das 'Y.ir^ besonders durch jenen strengen peinlichen Dienst in Kleinigkeiten geiordert, der durch Gewohnung an Gewissenhaftigkeit im Kleinen auch jene absolute Zuverlassigkeit im Grossen bewirkt, die die Soldaten nicht nur im \ampte, sondern auch sonst im Wirtschaftsleben so tuchtig macht. Aus der Manneszucht erwachst das Vertrauen nicht nur zu den Vorgesetzten, sonclem aucli zu den Kameraden, die (lurch (lasselbe Gesetz gebun-

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Already many years prior to the actual declaration of hostilities between England and her colonics, complications arose between the colonists and the Indians, regarding certain land privileges which had been granted to the latter in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and which the colonists were said to have ignored when acquiring- land from the Indians. This trouble was never wholly settled, and it was also this that later on alienated the Indians from their neighbors and caused them to seek the fortune of their arms in the ranks of the British. The colonists were fully aware of the danger which lay in the enmity of the Six Nations, and hence they used every available effort to片ain at least the neutrality of the red-men. With this end in view many and valuable presents were sent to the Indian chiefs, and- numerous peace-councils were called to which all Indians were invited. None of these circumstances, however, seemed to remove the prejudice of the Indians in the least, mainly because Englishmen were constantly giving them larger gifts ami greater rewards to remain the allies of the British. In a last des perate effort the colonists called a great council at Unadilla and sent one of their most influential frontier men to treat with the Indians, who had now already collected under Joseph Brant and were prepared to swoop upon the unprotected border villages at a moment’s notice. This man was Nicholas Herkimer. Nicholas Herkimer was a descendant of that sturdy race of Germans 'vlio had M'ttlc<l in ihc valleys of Pennsylvania and New York and who at the outbreak of the Revolution turned patriots almost to a man and gave tlieir lifeblood for their adopted country in the battles of Oriskany, Klock^ Field and jolmslown. He was probably born in what is now Herkimer County, Xcw York, in the year 1715, both date and place of his birth, how ever, l)ein^ uncertain. Of his younger years little is known, as is in fact true of almost all of bis life up to the beginning of the French and Indian War. In this conflict lie served as lieutenant of militia and was in command of Fort Herkimer in 1758 when the French attack on German Flats was made. [n the vear 1775 Lieutenant Herkimer was commissioned colonel of militia, and at ihc same time lie became chairman of the Committee of Safety of Trvon County, Xew York. The following year brought the appointment of brigadier-general of Xcw York and also the direction of operations against Sir John Johnson. In 1777 Herkimer was sent to negotiate with the Indians in the already mentioned Council of Unadilla. Here he met the notorious Indian chief, Joseph Brant. In every possible way he tried to secure the friendship of this chief and his bands for the colonists, but was unsuccessful. After Brant had set forth his grievances, General Herkimer asked the Indians, if they would be content if their complaints were satisfied. To this Brant replied tliat they were in covenant with their king and that they were “steady and not changeable as the wind,” thus openly professing that they were deter mined to take up their arms for the cause of the British. Thereupon Her kimer returned to Cherry Valley to await developments. His time to act 、vas close at hand.

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After Ticonderoga had 11 fallen into the hands of Burgoyne on July 7, 1777, Colonel St. Leger joined Sir John Johnson at Oswego and with a mixed force of eighteen hundred British regulars, Loyalists and Iroquois Indians under Joseph Brant, advanced toward Ft. Stanwix. On hearing of St. Leger’s approach against the fort, Herkimer issued a proclamation call ing on the frontiersmen to organize in defence of their homes. Men between sixteen and sixty years of age were urged to enter the service, while those above sixty were directed to defend the women and children. Herkimer thus gathered a force of between 800 and i，ooo men, and as soon as he had heard that the British had invested Fort Stanwix, he set out for its relief. On August the fifth lie went into camp about eight miles east of the fort. Here some of his younger officers grew impatient at his delay and urged an immediate advance, accusing Herkimer of disloyalty and cowardice. He remonstrated with them and pointed out the need of reinforcements, but was finally obliged to yield. Apprised by his Indians of the advance of the relieving column, St. Leger had arranged an ambuscade in a small circular and swampy ravine which lay directly across the road that Herkimer had to follow. The battle that took place in this ravine was perhaps the most obstinate and murderous of the Revoltuion. Bcinj; thrown into irretrievable disorder by the suddeness and destrucliveness of the fire that rained in on them from every side, the Colonists were for a time threatened with anniliilalion. At every opportuni ty the savages, concealed behind the trunks of trees, darted forward to in sure with knife and tomahawk the destruction of those who fell. Many and fierce hand to hand encounters took place. Already in the early part of the fight the veteran Herkimer was wounded, a musketball having passed through and killed his horse and shattered his leg just below the knee. Nev ertheless, seated on his saddlebags and leaning against the trunk of a tree for support, he continued calmly to smoke and to shout out his commands as long as the fight was in progress: After having fought for some time in great disorder the Colonists finally succeeded in forming into more compact bodies and at once their resistance became more ccfFctive. The enemy charged with the bayonet and the fierce and bloody death struggle which followed is more easily imagined than de scribed. But the Indians were the first to give way, and having noticed that their numbers were being rapidly diminished, they raised the cry of defeat and fled in every direction. British and Loyalists were soon forced to follow in wild disorder, leaving the Americans masters of the field. Such was Oriskany, the battle which by some has been ranked as the decisive conflict of the Revolution. In this battle Herkimer so greatly crippled St. Leger that the latter rap idly retreated into Canada on hearing that Arnold was advancing against him. Thus he abandoned the campaign drawn up by the English which provided for his effecting a junction with Burgoyne and General Howe or General Clinton at Albany. Had this junction been effected, who can tell what dire calamity may have resulted therefrom to the Colonies? In proportion to the numbers engaged the battle of Oriskany was also

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one of the bloodiest of the war, fully one-third of the contestants on each side being killed or wounded. Ten days after the fight had occurred General Herkimer also met an untimely death as the result of an unsuccessful opera tion on his wounded leg. His gallant bravery and cool composure in the midst of a battle whose result looked most dubious for his men gained him the title of a Revolutionary hero, and a monument eighty-five feet high overlooking the field of Oriskany has been consecrated to his memory and to the memory of those who there held the field with him on the memorable day of August the fifth, seventeen hundred and seventy-seven. For the frontier the battle of Oriskany had a deep and personal significancc. Thc British had now definitely secured the co-operation of the In dians. and with their aid they hoped to obtain complete possession of the Hudson Valley. In Oriskany was begun that border fighting which for the next five years desolated tlic Susquehanna, Mohawk, Delaware and Schoharie Valievs. As the effects from causes, so out of Oriskany came the burning of Springfield and German Flats: the massacres of Wyoming and Cherry Valley: the battles of Minisink, Johnstown and Klock’s Field; the expedi tions of Colonel William Butler, General John Sullivan and Sir John John son, by which not only the homes and fields of the frontiersmen were laid waste and desolated, but also those of the Indians themselves. R G. E., ’16. MAX PICCOLOMINI. Jetzt, wo 11 111 Herrschaft und Frciheit gesungen wird, wo die Welt in Waffen stcht, und man von nichts, als Verwiistung und Menschenopfern hort, da fluchtet man geme, verlasst die Gegenwart und sucht in der Vergangenheit nacli besseren Zeiten. Doch die Geschichte ist zu rauh, ilire realistische Darstellung, wie Treulosigkeit und Ungerechtigkeit in so grossem Masse vorlianden ist, macht das triibe Gemut noch triiber. Da eilt man in die Dichterwclt und ergotzt sich an idealen Helden, man sieht, wie sie nach dem Rechten streben, wie sietun, was sie konnen, und dann untergehen. Der Leser hatte sich schon einen gliicklichen Ausgang fiir den Helden zurechtgelegt, aber er schliesst das Buch mit dem Seufzer des Dichters: “Beliiit dicli Gott, cs war so schon gewesen, Behut dicli Gott, es hat nicht sollen sein!” Fiir einen solchen Helden mache sich der Leser bereit. Nicht ehya.s Neues sollen diese Zeilen bringen, sondern nur erinnern an Max Piccolomini, den zweiten Helden aus Schillers Drama Wallenstein. Max war ein Kind des Lagers. Schon fruh verlor cr seine Mutter und mit ihr jeden Begriff fur cm • trautes Heim und ein Leben im Frieden.. Sein . Vater Octavio, ein intimer Freund Walien steins, war General der Kaiserli<ihen. Er nahm seinen Sohn zu sich, und wo des Krieges Schicksal sie hinw ar£, da weilten sie, bald als Sieger im Suden, bald als Besiegte im Norden. Inl Prag leistete Max seinen Fahneneid, er war damals noch so j ung, dass

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seine zarte Hand erstarrtc, als er beim Yerlesen der Eidformel die wuchtige Fahne hielt, doch er wollte mannlich von der Fahne nicht lassen. So diente er dann von der Pike auf. Von geistiger Ausbildung konnte bei ihm natiirlich nicht die Rede sein, er war, wie die meistern Krieger seiner Zeit; wolil konnte er mit Leichtigkeit den Degen fiihren, aber nur mit Miihe die Feder, er hatte wohl gelehnt des Bogens Kraft zu spannen, aber nicht der Leier zarte Saiten. Doch gerade sein Mut und seine Tapferkeit verschafftcn ihm Ansehen bei den Soldaten und machten ihn zum Lieblinge seiner Vorgesetzten. Ganz besonders lieb hatte ihn Wallenstein, er sorgte fiir ihn und pflegte ihn mit weiblicher Geschaftigkeit. Als am 6. November 1632 in der Schlacht bei Liitzen Graf Pappenlieim fiel, da emannte Wallenstein Max zum Obersten uber die Pappenheimschen Regimenter. Nun wirkte Max mit neuem Mut, die ihm iibergcbenen Regimenter waren bekannt wegen ihrer Tapferkeit und Zucht, als die besten kaiserlichen Truppen. Max machte es sich zur Aufgabe seinen Soldaten mit gutem Beispiel voranzugehen, sie in strenger Ordnung zu halten, damit sie nicht liinabsanken zu jenen Raub- und Mordgesindel, wie das iibrige Heer des Dreissigjahrigen Krieges. Schon fruh hatte Max mit gluhender Bewunclerung zu Wallenstein aufgeblickt, er sah in ihm den Mann, der geboren war, urn zu herschen, den Geist der es verstand, Tausende an sich heranzuziehcn und sie zu rcgieren, er glaubte in Wallenstein einen offenherzigen Feldherrn zu findcn, der die krummen Wege hasste. Wohl war W alien stein ein Genie, aber seine Fahigkeiten, seine Machtstellung brachten seinen Untergang lierbei. Er gedachte die Konigskrone von Bohmen zu tragen, er wollte sich mit den Sclnvcdcn verbinden, wohl waren dies nur Gedankcn, aber sie wurden nacli Wien ins Kriegskabinett getragen. Wallenstein wurde as Staalsfcind uml Vcrrater angesehen, und man befiirchtete eine zvveite Absetzung. Nun musste Wallenstein vorschreiten, er zog seine Hcere nach Pilscn zusammen, aucli seine Gemahlin und Tochter wollte er in Sicherhcit wissen. Wem aber konnte er sie besser anvertrauen als clem ritterlichen Max Piccolomini und seinen getreuen Pappenheimcrn. Er sandtc deshalb Max seine Gemahlin und Tochter nach Pilsen abzuholen. Wahrend aber Mutter und Tochter keine Aimung von dem Unternehmen Wallensteins batten, schien die Schwester der Herzogin wohl unterrichtet zu sein. Sie glaubte in der Sendung Maxens einen strategischen G run cl zu sehen, Wallenstein habe Max gesandt, damit er Thekla kennen lerne, sich in sie verliebe und daclurch fester an Wallenstein gebunden wiirde. Die Grafin beobachtete die Beiclen auf der Reise und als sie bemerkte, class das Liebesgefiihl in ihnen erweekt war, da unterdriickte sie es nicht, sondem pflegte cs. Zwanzig Tage wahrte die Reise, und ehe sie noch nach Pilsen gelangton, gestand Max der Thekla seine Liebe. Inzwischen aber hatte der Kaiser den Kriegsrat von Questenberg in das Lager nach Pilsen geschickt und dem Oc^y1.ÂŽ ^ccolomini den Auftrag gegeben, den Oberbefehl zu iibernehmen und Wallenstein lebend oder Tod auszuliefem. Als nun Max in Pilsen anlangte, ^and semen Vater im Gesprach mit QuestĺŚ&#x201A;berg. Letzterer versucht Max durch Lobreden fur sich zu gewinnen, doch Max kannte den Questenberg, er

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horte nicht auf dessen Schmeichelreden, sondern sagte ihm offen seine Meinung unci vertrat Wallenstein zum Schmcrze seines Vaters. “Das Kind des Lagers spriclit aus dir, mein Solin,” sagte Octavio, “ein funfzelinjahriger Krieg hat dicli crzogen,—(lu hast den Frieden nie gesehen.” Walir ist es, Max hatte den Frieden nie gesehen, aber seit er Thekla kennen gelernt hatte, empfand er ihn, einen Frieden des Innern, den der Krieg nicht geben kann. Der Dicnst war fiir ilin vormals eine Freucle gewesen, nun sieht er aber nur das wuste Lagerleben, er hort nur die ewigen Trompetensignale, des Pfcrde wiehern und empfindet nnr des Dienstes immer gleichgestellte Uhr.” Er legt nun seine Lebensanscliauung clem Vater vor und schlicsst mil den W'orten : “O sell oner Tag! wenn cndlich der Soldat ins Lcbcn heimkehrt in die Menscliliclikcit.” Xun sicht der Vater wclche Aenderung in Max vorgefTan^cn ist, cr kennt aucli den Anlass dazu, cr weiss, class ihm seine Erlaubliis zu dicser Rcisc scincn Solin 兑ckostct hat. Trotz (Icmi Andcutun^cn Oucstcubcrgs, (lass Wallenstein (1cm Kaiser nicht treu sci, licgl Max kein Misstrauen, (las prachtigc Jagdzcug, das er vom Her zog crhalt, sicht cr nur als cine Gabe des Dankes fiir den erwiesenen Dienst an. Doch alios dranc^t Wallenstein zum Hruch mil deni Kaiser. Er gibt vor sein Hccr cnllasscn zu wollen, da er in Wien sclion lastig sei. Doch die Generale bitten ilin zu blcibcn, aucli Max tritt (lafiir ein, da cr ja clie Schuld Wal lensteins nicht kennt. Am AIhmkI findot cin Gastniahl statt, bci (liescr Clelegcnheit sollen die (icncralc cin Scliroihcn unkTzcichncn und sich (1cm Wallenstein verpflichten. Dam it cs aher von alien untcrschrieben wird, cnthalt das erste Schriftstiick nichts, das gcgai die Trcuc zum Kaiser verstosst. Wahrend der Mahlzeit sollto nun cin amlei.es Sclireibcn untcrgcschobcn werden, das clie Obristen n.ur dem Wallenstein vcrpflichtctc. So geschah cs dann, berauscht, wie die meisten waren, wiril von alien aucli Octavio untcrschrieben, nur Max weigert sich, cr mcint : Wic ich fur ilin ges innt bin, weiss der Fiirst, es 'vissen’s alle und der Fratzcn brauclu's nicht.’’ •Man drangt ihn zur Untcrsclirift, im Rausche zieht jemand sogar den Degcn, die Sache wire! verdachtig, man schlichtet den Streit, doch Max blcibt (labei er unterschreibt nicht. Octavio glaubt nun scinen Solm fur seine Sache gewonnen zu haben, doch er hatte geirrt. Als Max vor seinen Vater trat und sich bei ihm entsehuldigte wegen des Streites, und Octavio clie Stunde fiir geeignet liielt ihm den ganzen Sachverbal t zu crzahlcn, da ist Max entriistet liber das Vorgehen seines Va ters. ‘•Du hiittest Wallenstein warnen und nicht auf so krummen Wegen ihm in den Riicken fallen sollen.'* Octavio verteidigt sein Handeln, doch vergebens, er nennt es einen weisen Staatsschritt. doch Max verwiinscht die kluge Staatskunst und beschliesst am nachsten Morgen selbst zu Wallenstein zu gehen, und sich zu erkundigen. Am nachsten Morgen war der grosse Schritt getan. Wallenstein hatte sich mit den Schweden gegen den Kaiser verbunden; Terzkv hatte einen Bo-

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ten mit Briefen ausgesandt und dieser war nun abgefangen worden. Nun durft Wallenstein nicht langer zogern, er musste eingreifen, wenn er sein ganzes Heer nicht verlieren wollte. Da kommt Max, um aus des Feldherrn eignem Munde, die Wahrheit zu erfahren. Wallenstein musste nun, wollte er Max und seine tapferen Pappenheimer behalten, ihm sein Vorhaben vorlegen. Doch Max will nicht Verrat uben an seinem Kaiser, dem erTreuegescliworen, er kann nicht den Degen ziehen gegen seinen eignen Vater. Flehend bittet er Wallenstein: “O! tu es nicht! Tu’s nicht! Wirf ihn lieraus den schwarzen Fleck, den Feind. Ein boser Traum bloss ist es dann gewesen, der jede sichere Tugendwart!” Aber er bittet vergeblich. Der Ehrgeiz hatte zu tiefe Wurzeln in Wallenstein gefasst, er will sich nicht mehr vor dem Kaiser demutigen. Max kehrt zuriick in seines Vaters Quartier, Octavio ist gerade bereit mit seinen Truppen aufzubrechen, er fordert Max auf mit ihm zu ziehen. Doch Max erwidert nur: “Dein Weg ist krumm, er ist der meinige nicht V—“In des Kaisers Namcn folge mir T* Doch Max: “Der Kaiser hat dem Herzen nicht zu befehlcn ich werde auch dem Wallenstein nicht folgen.” Alle Versuche des Vaters seinen Sohn mit sich zu ziehen scheitem; er will sich verabschieden, doch Max verweigert ihm die Hand zu reichen.- Da ruft Octavio in banger Vorahnung aus: “Ich habe keinen Sohn melir!” Nun springt Max auf, umarmt seinen ' Vater und driickt ihn noch einmal an seine Brust. “Wie wechseln Sturm und Sonnenschein gcschwind. Gestern noch spracli er mit Thekla, ihm deuchte er lebe in einer Welt von Idealen, und heute, dichter und dichter ziehen sich die Wolken zusammen, der Sturm ist losgchrochen, er wiitet immer noch heftig, obgleich das SchifF der Hoffnung bcreits zertriimmert umhergeschlagen wird. Octavio ist fort, auch Max und Pilsen verlassen, seine Pappenheimer hal)en sich von Wallensteins Vorhaben uberzeugt und drangen darauf. Doch cr kann nicht fort, cr muss erst Abschied nehmen von Thekla, er will nur einen Blick des Mitleids von ihr, will nur wissen, ob sie ihn hasst. Da eilt er hin, aber er kann Thekla nicht finden, sie ist zusammen mit den iibrigen im Hauptsaal, sagt man ihm. Keck tritt er herein und often gesteht er, dass er gckommen sei, um Abschied zu nehmen. Da fallt Walfenstein ihm ins Wort: “Denkst du, ich soil ein Tor sein und dich ziehen lassen und eine Grossmutsszene mit dir spielen ? Dein Vater ist zum Schelm an mir geworden. Die Zeit der Liebe ist vorbei, der zarten Schonung und Hass und Rache kommen an die Reihe.” Doch Max erwidert ruhig: <4Du wirst mit mir verfahren, wie du Macht hast. Wohl aber weisst du, dass ich deinen Zorn nicht trotze, noch ilini fiirchte. Ich will den Vater nicht verteidigen, aber ich kann auch nicht mit dir ziehen.” “Zieh nicht von mir!’’ bittet Wallenstein. Er halt ihm vor, wie er ihm von Jugend auf nichts als Gutes erwiesen, er sollte doch nun den Undank seines Vaters wieder gut machen. Indessen riicken die Pappenheimer herann, um ihren Obersten zu befreien. Wallenstein geht nun hinaus um sie vom Sturm abzuhalten; vielleicht horen sie noch einmal auf seine Donnerstimme.

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Da steht nun Max im heftigen Streit der Pflichten. Hier drangt ihn sein Herz, sein Wohltater gegen seinen Kaiser, gegen seinen Vater, aufzutreten, tut er es, so ist Thekla sein auf evvig; dort aber treibt ihn sein Gewissen, sein Eid fortzuziehen, und der Preis ware nur die Ehre. “Wo finde ich einen Engel,’’ ruft er aus, “der mir das Rcchte, das Unverfalschte zeigt.” Da wendet er sich an Thekla. “Soil ich,” fragt er, “tausend tapfere Herzen, die meine Tat zum Muster nehmen, der Rube ihres Herzens berauben? Soil ich die vatermorderische Kugel in das Lager dcs Vaters senden?”一Was wird sie antworten ?—Doch Thekla hat den Kampf schon bestanden. Gelassen erwidert sie: "Das dcine liat langst entschieden, folge deinen ersten Gefiihl.一Uns trennt wolil (las Schicksal, aber unsre Herzen bleiben einig!” Max unarmt sic. Da tritt Wallenstein herein und barsch befiehlt er : Scheidet !M Max will noch einmal seines Feldherrn Hand ergreifen, doch der zicht sic zuriick. Inzvvischen drangen sich seine Kiirassiere mit gezogencn Gewchrcn in den Saal. Iicftigcr Schmcrz bevvegt den Helden beim Abschied von Wallenstein, das alte Band der Liebe lost sich nicht sanft, cs ist ein schmerzendcr Riss. Er will sich noch einmal Thekla nahem, doch der Fiirst verhindert es. Da ruft er seinen Soldaten zu: “Blast! Blast! — O wiiren cs die scliwed’schen Homer, und gings von hier gcrad1 ins Fdd des Todes. — Wcr mit mir gelit, der sei bereit zu sterben!” Mit diesen Worten verlasst er den Saal gefolgt von seinen Reitern “Aufs Pferd,” crschallt sein Kommando, und dann gehts hinaus in Gotte freie Natur. Woliin ? Zum Vater will er sich nicht wenden, er kann nich gegen seinen Lehrmeister zu Felde ziehen. Wo hat der Tod denn noch sein Lager aufgeschlagen?— Doch schon am niichsten Morgen stosst Max auf ein schwedisches Lager. Mit seiner Scliar iibcrfallt er cs, doch der Gegiier war zu stark. Sie werden in die Enge getrieben, der Rheingraf fordert sie auf sich zu ergeben. Doch Max kennt keine Uebergabc. ‘‘Zum Grazen!” kommandiert er—aber cs ist zu spat, sein Pferd von einein Partisan durchstosscn, baumt sich und sclileudert ihn aus den Sattel. Nun sturzen sich seine getreuen Pappenheimer auf die Schweden, sie wollen den Tod ihres geliebten Obersten rachen und sie kampfen wie Tiger bis der letzte Mann gefallen ist. Im Sankt Kathrinenstift wird die Heklenleiche aufgebahrt. Mit Lorbeer ist der Sarg geschmuckt und darauf liegt des Rheingrafs Siegerdegen. Die Schweden senden Boten und melden seinen Heldentod dem Vater und Wallenstein. Auch Thekla Iiort den riihrenden Bericht, und wehmutig klagt sie: “Da konimt das Schicksal.—Roll und kalt Fasst es des Freundes zartliche Gestalt Und wirft ihn unter den Hufschlag seiner Pferde,— Das ist das Los des Schon en auf der Erde!” Octavios Ahnung, “ich habe keinen Sohn mehr,” ist in Erfullung gegangen. Auch Wallenstein klagt iiber den Verlust seines Zoglings und Freundes. Leider zu spat, man kann nur noch dem Dichter sagen:

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THE BLACK AND BED. Was kniest du nicder an der Gruft Und birgst die Augen trub und nass —Sie sehen die deinen nimmermehr— Ins lange, feuchte Kirchhoffgras ? —G. J. S., ’17. NATIONALITY IN MUSIC.

*'Music comes from within, it expresses not only the inner life of the in dividual, but the inner life of the race.’’ In this short, pithy sentence Grieg has summed up almost everything that is to be said about the ultimate motive andessence of music. It is the natural and unaffectedlanguage and expres sion of the emotions. What else should folllow then but that it is the truest reflector of mail’s innermost life, of his pleasures and of his sorrows. And exactly so it is with races and nations. People who, besides being bound to each other by the bonds of common ancestry, have been subject to the same geographical and political conditions of a country for generations and cen turies will finally become amalgamated into one whole, tlicir temperaments, their habits, and their ways of thinking bearing; the distinctive stamp of the influence of their surroundings. And it is one of the most interesting of studies to trace the individual folk-spirit of a nation in its music. Here we find it represented most truly. The slcrn martial airs, for instance, invari ably give proof of a country skilled in the art of warfare and accustomed to victory on the battlefield. The weaker, subjugated races on the other hand will give utterance to their emotions in a more subdued and plaintive tone. Then again we find that the folk-melodics of some countries, especially those of the Orient and the more Southern climes, savor of a certain languor and sensualism, all of which, of course, throws a light on the character of tlicir inhabitants. Volumes might be written in describing the various influences which social, political and climatic conditions have exercised on the growth and development of music in every country, but for the present may it suf fice to dwell briefly on the characteristics and the development of the music of those countries which have advanced farthest in this art up to the present day. With this purpose in view it is only natural that we begin by paying our homage to Germany, the most musical of all countries. The ancient Roman historian Tacitus in his treatise on the old Germans already mentions that they were wont to praise the feats of their heroes in stirring songs, whilst tlicir warriors even sang as they marched into battle. That this is true may be inferred from the fact that Germany possesses an unusually large number of folk-songs, many of which date back over a thousand years. In early medieval times it was the custom of the wandering artists and minstrels of Germany to set mythological themes to music, and of this kind of songs there arc almost fifteen hundred extant at the present day. In all these works there was no attempt made at artistic effect or the like. Indeed every German folk-song is a simple, upright story of the heart, neither languid

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nor rugged. The Germans arc a people of fancy and imagination, the Greeks of the Christian era, and this lends to their music a depth hardly to be found elsewhere. Besides this they have always possessed that remarkable, un translatable factor, “Gemuetlichkeit,” which we find expressed above all in their student songs and drinking songs. It is also to be noted that the crea tion and cultivation of their folk-song is still going on, irrespective of all art conditions. Even when the age of the troubadour and minnesinger with its excessive adoration of women had been ushered in in all the countries of Western Europe, it was the German minnesinger who based his song on the pure and exalted love for the fair sex in direct contrast with his brethren in France and Italy, whose amorous ditties were always tinged with the effects of a mor bid infatuation. With the decline of feudalism the music of Germany went from the hands of the minnesinger to the so-called meistersingers or guildmen. \lthough the meistersingers were as a rule only amateurs and dilettants themselves and finally laid more stress on the outward form than on the intrinsic value of music, it nevertheless accrues to their credit that they introduced the study and appreciation of music into the homes of the people, and this is one of the chief causes that the devout and sturdy chorals which came with Luther and the Reformation at once gained admittance in every Protestant family circle throughout Germany. Add to this state of affairs the fact that the Germans arc an inlicrcntlv musical people and it can easily be understood that Germany today leads other nations in music. There is no branch in the entire musical art, be it the song, the opera, the oratorio, or orchestral comix)sition, which has not reached its highest culmination thus far in the hands of a German, while the number of conductors, players, sing ers, critics and pedagogues that have adorned her musical heaven is legion. Judging from present conditions, there is no reason to believe that she will not maintain her preeminent place among' nations in this art. And now we si mil leave the mystic hills and forests and the solid har mony of the Fatlicrlaml for tlic sunny plains and the light, ravishing inolodies of Italy, the ancient scat of opulence and power. It is a surprising fact that Italy possesses hardly any folk-song's beyond a. few pastoral canzones of Lombardy and Sicily and the boat-songs of Venice. It is said thar behind all the Italian’s fire and sweet harmony there is an intense practical ness and lack of depth, and this appears to be true when one considers that mostly all Italian music is characterized by a light and transient vein, quite dazzling and pleasing to the ear, but not clear to the memory. The dance to some extent has taken the place of the folk-song in Italy, and even at the present day one finds a little <^roup of street dancers in every city, dancing to the catching tunes of accompanying musicians. Italy has always pro duced the world’s best singers, the soft, semi-tropical climate seeming to be especially adapted for the development of mellow voices. It is perhaps fo” this reason that the opera not only found its origin here, but was the field in which Italian music reached its greatest perfection. Before the fourteenth centurv Italy had accomplished little in music, if the long-drawn Gregorian chants; which can hardly be termed music, be excepted. With the great

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reformer Palestrina in the sixteenth century and the members of his school, however, church music underwent a change for the better, and the opera and oratorio became fairly launched. From this time up to the middle of the eighteenth century Italy predominated the musical world and became the Mecca for all musicians and composers until the rising greatness of Germany overshadowed the many Italian schools. Italy has produced and is still pro ducing a host of composers of more or less talent, yet there are only a few that really can be called great. But the musical world is also indebted to Italy for the invention of our present method of indicating notes (Guido d’Arezzo), for the creation of the sonata, symphony and fugue forms, and for the furthering of the evolution of the piano and the violin, a by no means small debt indeed. The third of the Western European countries to lay claim to great achievements in the realm of music is France. Lavignac has drawn an in teresting parallel between- the music of these three countries. Germany, he says, is heir to the old contrapuntists; hers is the scientific music with pro found and philosophical combinations. Italy is noted for her melody, her love of singing, and her facile and seductive music; while France may be distinguished by her purity of style, her emotion and her sincerity of ex pression. On the strength of several old preserved records we can gather that the art of music was held in high repute from the earliest times in France. The first musicians of whom we have any direct knowledge are the jongleurs or clowns, who wandered from town to town singing their songs and per forming acrobatic feats. They were succeeded by the troubadours at the be ginning of the tenth century. At the same time, however, the churchmen devoted much of their time to the study of music and made great advances in the art of notation. With the decadence of the troubadours nothing sig nificant or noteworthy was achieved until the founding of the modern French school of opera in the eighteenth century. There exists a certain similarity between France and Italy, both being comparatively destitute of folk-songs and both having a special predilection for the opera. It is a rather curious fact, however, that the school of opera, the really national school of France, should have been founded by Germans, such as Gluck and Meyerbeer. The French opera tends to the subordination of the music to the text and always aims at purity and clarity. It must be added that Caesar Franck has established a new orchestral school within the last few decades which disregards the traditional rules of simplicity and clarity and strives toward a rather weird harmonic structure and a wealth of orchestral color. What the final outcome of this tendency will be, the future alone holds in store for us. From France we will wend our steps to the lands of the far North. The simple and spontaneous folk-songs of Scandinavia picture the characteristics of their people and their country with more naturalness and correctness than those of any other nation. In them tl we immediately recognize the stalwart Norseman singing of the rugged shores, the mysterious fir forests, and the

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magical and dreamy coloring of the lakes and glaciers of his country, His music is of a serious minor mode, expressing regret and resignation rather than passion and desire. It is dark, but true and tender. Of the three Norse countries the music of Norway is probably the deepest and most profound, the Swedes being more lyric, blithe and gladsome by nature, while the prac ticalness of the Danes and their lack of phantasy were unsuitable to the del icate folk-song in Denmark. Up to the latter half of the nineteenth century the Scandinavians possessed little in music apart from their folk-songs, an invaluable treasure in themselves to be sure. Through Grieg’s mighty per sonality and creative power, however, Norway at least is able to boast of a national school of song and opera, which, although young and not without traces of Romantic and Wagnerian influences as yet, bids fair to become thoroughly distinct and original under the helmsmanship of numerous talentcd contemporary composers of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The development of music in Russia bears a slight analogy to that of music in Norway. Russia had not evolved a high tonal art until the middle of the last century, having before that only her folk-songs. Of these she isesses a vast number, more perhaps than any other country excepting Germany, the sparse population, the great primeval forests, and a solitude and wealth of feeling and inspiration proving to be a rich subsoil for the growth of her folk-art. In lier folk-songs, many of which have come down from heathen times almost a thousand years ago, we discover a constant yearning without end and hope and a strange contrast between profound melancholy, deep religious and patriotic feeling and boisterous humor and sensuous Oriental coloring. With the birth of Glinka, the father of Russian music, in 1804, came the new epoch in Russian art, which has lasted down to the present day. Modern Russia holds an enviable place among- contemporaneous nations in the musical world. The many able exponents of Slavic music who have sprang from her bosom have developed for her a distinctly national school, which has thus far been most successful along the lines of orchestral composition, such as the symphony, ballet and overture. As regards the musical attainments of the other prominent Eastern na tions, Poland and Hungary, it must be allowed that anything purely national lias not yet been created; most of their great geniuses, e. g., Chopin, Lizst and Joachim, following the paths laid down by the German or Italian schools. It must not be forgotten, however, that both countries possess some of the most characteristic of folk-melodies. Who would not, for instance, recog nize the weird minor gypsy tunes of Hungary even when so elaborately and artistically transcribed as in the Lizst Rhapsodies or in the Hungarian Dances of Brahms? And who knows but that there may soon appear a mighty reformer who will induce the many musicians and composers of these two musically talented countries to abandon the byways of foreign influence and unite to create an individual Polish or Hungarian art. The remaining European, countries, which must necessarily be mentioned in connection with a cursory survey of musical history, more by virtue of their influence on the development of music in other countries than, tfieir

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own achievements, are Great Britain and Spain. Great Britain traces her cultivation of music back to the sacrificial songs of the ancient druids. Thruout early medieval times music also played a prominent role in the activities of the people, and this already implies that the country is rich in folk-music. The Irish are perhaps the most inherently musical of the British peoples. Had not their early conquest and subjugation by the English kept them in a constant state of servile bondage and semi-barbarism, their position in the world of music today might rank with the highest of other nations. As it is, they have nothing but their folk-music, which betrays a subdued sadness, a story of love drenched in sorrow. The Scots are a more sturdy and independent race. Like the Germans, they have their drinking songs, which fairly sparkle with good-fellowship, and like the Scandinavians we find the majestic scenery of their country, the loyalty and pathos of their people, portrayed in their folk songs and bagpipe music. Many Scotch folk-melodies have been borrowed by the masters, especially by J. S. Bach and Mendelsohn. In England the embryo of musical genius never found a very productive soil for its propagation. The zenith of her musical giorv was probably reached in the madrigal age, at about Shakespeare’s time, and in the seven• teenth century subsequent, when she produced Purcell, her greatest com poser. But even if England has remained behind other nations in the art of music, it must be said to her honor that she was never lax in its apprecia tion and in doing everything possible to further and facilitate its progress. Who, for instance, could have said more beautiful things about the divine art than Shakespeare ? With Spanish music it is much the same as it is with English. From the oldest times Spain has been rich in folk-music of a most individual kind, yet she has never brought forth a genius to gain recognition for her in the in ternational sphere of music. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it is true, there were a few Spanish musicians of note who became affiliated with Italy and founded the first musical school in Naples (1537), but this resulted in the final assimilation of everything Spanish with the Italian style. The best examples of typical Spanish music are heard in the songs of the old blind street-singers who wander from town to town with their guitars much in the same way as they were accustomed to do four hundred years ago. These old songs generally express a wild* passionate love permeated with an almost morbid melancholy. Often they also panegyrize the warlike and patri otic deeds of some ancient hero. But in taking- a glance at the divers traits of European music we have neglected to pay the tribute of just acknowledgement to our own country. In America we find as yet no indigenous art. But then our nation is young and considering this, it must be admitted that we have made great advances and have still greater prospects. In our land we find every European race represented. Here we meet with the sturdy Scotchman, the rugged Scandinavian, the light-hearted Italian, the elegant Frenchman and the solid German. What when all these become blended and united into one char acteristic people? Is it not plausible that our future generations may become

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the paragons of the most musically gifted peoples ? And now since the great world-war lias shut us off from Europe, the musical center hitherto, we are thrown more and more on our own resources, and shall thus be forced to become original and independent. Yes, indeed, we are quite justified in quoting Emerson’s words with a slight change for our purpose: America, thy name is future musical greatness! E. C. K.,，i。 THE CRITIC. There seems to be an impression prevalent even among people who lay some pretensions to learning, that criticising is a deliberate attempt to un cover the faults and idiosyncracies of the subject at issue. For this reason the critic, under whatever name he may appear, or whatever he may produce, is cliaractcrized as a cynic and placed on the plane with the pessimist. He is the one man in the world who seems to be a self-professed pessimist, his calling exposes him. Criticism is his calling in life; from it he usually makes alivelihood. l licreforc to expose yourself to him means the promulga tion of your faults. And whenever he expands upon a subject or thing, it is viewed from a pessimistic viewpoint. Whatever he says is either sarcasm or satire. He is capable of nothing else: he is a critic. This popular conception of the critic has its roots in the productions of tlie critic himself, not in tlie works of the broad-minded, objective critic, but in the contemptuous and awkward articles of an uncultured, would-be critic. Today this opprobrious carper has so influenced the majority of the people that their only definition for one occupying this exalted position is one given to harsli, rigorous or captious judgment, That is also his definition, and he makes use of his self-defined privilege in his naivete and infantine ignorance. It is he who has spread this countrywide misunderstanding of this position that lias so benefited the world in practically every department of human knowledge. There is so little wonder why the majority of the people have an antipathy to personal criticism. Why should they not, when the only thing a critic is capable of is to advertise their bad traits ? This kind of critic usually represents them as delinquents who have committed some great some crime. If he succeeds well in representing it thus, he is encouraged by 二二： of his own class because of his ability to satirize. If he succeeds, it is only natural that he will not deviate from his method much, and in the second attempt we find that his style has been reinforced by the strongest expres sions of satirical indignation of which the mind and pen are capable. His criticisms are usually the fruits of envy, jealousy and miserable cravings after applause. It matters not of what merits his work is, the people class him as a critic, and in consequence of just such productions the post of the critic is a contemptuous one. This kind of critic rapidly implants his methods into the mind of the common people. It is a well-known fact in psychology that the human mind can grasp things that are closely associated to human nature easier than mat-

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ter more remote from human perception. Man tends towards evil and con sequently a criticism of this kind presents itself as a formidable weapon against an adversary. The reader finds that he can use it to his advantage. He can attack his enemy in this way and greatly lower his honor and pres tige without exposing himself in the least. This is manifested by the news papers of today. They employ this kind of criticism wellnigh exclusively. If this, were the only definition usage had given us for this honorable post, it would truly be a miserable one. It would be a position that only those who are disseminating hate and jealousy could occupy. But fortun ately the controlling force of criticism originated from noble ideas. Men and women with noble ideas and sense for justice have given this post its charm. They were just critics. The just critic is no satirist. He is not one who can spurn every honest attempt of a person in whom he is not directly interested, or whom he despises. He does not state untruths to gain the applause of the enemies of those exposed to his discussion. Such a critic seeks, no applause or recognition, but he states truth for truth’s sake. He represents matters as he has found them to be. He attempts to do justice to the person or matter at his disposal to the best of his ability. Nor is a just critic a eulogist. Every person or thing has its merits and faults, and these he reproduces as he sees them. He does not attempt to wheedle himself into the affections of those interested in him by speaking or writing about them or tlieir productions in their turn of mind. Even though a critic has attempted to be just, he may be a failure in this field. He may have represented everything from a subjective viewpoint, which does not imply that it is the correct one. He has advanced only to a certain degree toward proficiency. He might accidentally have been correct, but the possibility is great that he was wrong- in his views despite his good intentions. Such a critic can be of benefit only to a certain degree, he has striven towards the correct viewpoint in an honest way, but if he has gained it, he is at a loss to know. Far above the critic who has based all of his criticisms on subjective qualities, stands the ideal critic. He has a broad understanding and a deep insight into the field of work confronting him. He does not let personal opinion or subjective thought play a part in his work. What he places be fore the public as his work, has been thoroug'hly tested and compared, it is built upon ideas which cannot be denied. Those and only those are the foundations upon which all of his criticisms are built, eulogy and satire can gain no admittance unless they deserve the honor. Such an ideal should be the model of the novice. In criticism personal glory cannot be sought; to be unbigoted must be a critic’s aim. When this has been accomplished, then the station of the critic will again be an honor able one, even where criticism is not made a profession. A thorough appre ciation of the gravity of the position will bring- desirable results, but ani mosity and enmity among those who occupy it will lower its prestige. —H. J. B.,，i6.

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FORDVILLE VS. OREEKTON. It was in the month of September. Edward Fuller was on his way back to school. Two years before he had made exactly the same trip that he was making now; that was when he came to Fordville College for the first time. Two full years had already elapsed and all the good times of these two years were passing through his memory while the train which was taking him back to the old familiar school was rolling swiftly along. Ed. recalled the various gaines which he had played on the football team. Especially one game lingered in his mind and that was the game when Fordville defeated Creekton, a team almost twice as heavy as the Fordville team, by the score of 9 to 7. At last the train whistle blew and the conductor entered the coach announcing in his peculiar style F-o-o-r-r-r-d-v-i-l-l-l-l-e. Edward grabbed his suit case and made liis exit out of the car. At the station he found a number of his classmates and also his chum “Red” Harper, captain of the track team and also a half-back on the football team. After shaking hands with each other they stood round and watched the train pull out. “Well, I suppose all tlic hoys are off by this time, so let’s walk up to the buildings,” Ed. proposed and the two walked away. <4By the way. Red, how are the prospects for the football team? Do you think I can make it again this year?” “As far as your making the team is concerned, I think you have a position cinched, but I don’t know what the coach is going to do about a good line.’ “Oh, that’s easily fixed up. There are only four positions open and the: can be filled by some of last year’s scrubs.” "So you didn't hear about it, eh? Well, Pete Hanson, who would have played end this year, cannot come back to school. His father died during the summer, and now he must run tlic business. Then again, nobody knows what has become of Porky. He won't be back either, and that means: look for a new man for center, and I doubt that there is anybody amongst the scrubs and recruits good enough for that position. Undoubtedly we shall have to put vou in at center and find some one else for fullback.” ‘:That does look pretty slim. Wonder what Porky is doing, anyway. Where does lie live?” _ ., Upon receiving an answer in the negative, Fuller did not inquire any more and went tlic rest of the way in silence. Football training had been in progress for two weeks, and the coach had already sent fifteen of the thirty candidates back to the scrubs. The other fifteen men were divided into two groups: a group of six, two ends, the center and the backline men in one, and the remaining nine in the other. The former group was runnig up and down the field practicing the signals and plays. Edward had been definitely shifted to center, and Capt. Fowler, who played quarterback, was doing the coaching. The ends and t.lie fullback were tire new men in this lineup and were displaying fair ability in handling their respective positions. The other nine men were all newcomers excepting one of the guards, who had played in a few of the last season’s games. The coach was busy showing them how to get down on the line of scrimmage, how they

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should make the openings for the man carrying the ball, the correct way to charge, the manner in which to tackle a runner so that he would be brought to the grounfl most easily, etc., etc. Two men only showed any signs of improvement; and when the first game drew near, the coach had not yet decided whom he would use in the line. He gave all candidates a chance but none of them displayed a very good knowledge of the game. The visitors, a team much lighter than the Fordville aggregation, would have won the game had it not been for Fordville’s plucky little captain, who broke thraugh the line after Fuller had made an opening for him, and running through the entire team of the opponents, scored a touchdown, kicking goal a few moments later. The next game was lost by an overwhelming score. Fordville now had just two weeks’ time to prepare for the big game at Creekton, since the mana ger had not succeeded in scheduling a practice game which was to have taken place about a week before the battle with Creekton. The coach and captain now set to work harder than ever before to develop a good line and improve the back line. Heretofore they had tried only straight football, and now they were set to practice scoring via the aerial route. This in addition to the rcgitlar work was on the daily program until the day before the big game. On that day the whole team went through a light signal drill which lasted about half an hour and rested up for the following day. The Fordville team arrived at Creekton at ten o’clock tlic next morning and immediately went out to the grounds for a short signal drill. The game was to begin at two o’clock. The stands were filled to the last scat, and people were standing along the ropes that were stretched behind the two end zones waiting for the initial kickoff. Creekton had been boasting of its team and was bent on winning this game, especially since they had been trounced in their last game with Fordville. Promptly at the announced hour the teams lined up and lrordvillc kicked off. Creekton’s fullback caught the ball on the 20-vard line and, following up his splendid interference, ran straight clown the field for a touchdown. The goal kick was good and after thirty seconds of play the game stood 7 to o in Creekton’s favor. Capt. Fowler decided to receive the next kickoff and, ac cordingly, the ball came soaring high, this time in the other direction. Fowler caught the ball and made a pretty 40-yard run before he was downed. Now old style football was resorted to, and the ball kept on surging back and forth and was pretty near the middle of the field when the first quarter was up. Fordville was in possession of the ball and on the first down tried a forward pass, which netted them about 60 yards. Fowler shifted his whole left line to the other side so that Ed. was now on one end. Nobody, of course, expected Ed. to take the ball on a long pass from the captain: on the contrary, they expected the plucky quarter-back to make a run around the right side. Thus it came to pass that Ed. had an open field before him when the ball was snapped, and the trick-play worked. The whole Fordville stands rose up in one shout when they saw what had happened. A touchdown by Fowler soon followed, and the score was tied, Ed. having kicked goal. The third quarter was score less. The fourth period opened with the ball in Creekton’s possession on their opponents’ 30-yard line. The Creekton team had received a severe lecture

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from its coach between the last two quarters and went at it hard. Fowler’s team knew what it meant and what it could, but in twelve clowns Creekton finally pushed the ball across. The try at goal was not good, the ball hitting the goal posts. After the next kickoff, which was received by Fordville, both teams fought still more desperately. Fowler urged and urged his team on, but they consistently lost ground, foot by foot, and the ball went over to Creekton. Creekton made 20 yards on a few line smashes and a short forward pass, but was forced to punt. Their kicker dropped back and Ed. set his teeth for one giant leap. No soner had the ball been passed than Ed., seeing only the ball had not the foot coming up to kick it, caught the ball in his arms and, knocking the punter over, raced for his goal with the Creekton team in hot pursuit. When they had caught up with him he had already fallen down behind the goal line with the ball still snugly resting in his arms. Fuller himself, however, was unconsious, partly from over-exertion and partly from a tremendous kick in the abdomen. He was removed from the field on a stretcher, and taken to the college hospital. A groan went through the whole multitude as they saw one of the stars being taken off the gridiron. Fuller kicked goal after the excitement had somewhat subsided and, to the joy of all Fordvillc supporters, their team was now in the lead by one point. Creekton chose to receive the kickoff and worked the ball to a point about 40 yards from the goal line. With one minute yet to play Creekton’s coach sent in a man to try a drop kick. Luckily, the kick counted. The ball had hit the cross-bar squarely from above, bounded straight in the air and landed on the other side. l)cspitc the heroic efforts of Ed. Fuller his team lost the game, but only by the narrow margin of two points. Fordvillc was entirely unable to hold Creekton without having Edward Fuller at center. After a nionlli or so, while Ed. was still confined to his bed, the election for football captain took place, and Fuller, being yet a Junior, was the unani mous choice of tlie team. When he was notified of his election his pale face assumed a livelier hue and, turning to his teammates, said: “We could not win from them in football, so let’s hand them a defeat in basket ball; that will take some of the life out of them. What do you say, boys ?M They gave him three cheers, and one by one they departed. Three months have now passed. Ed. has been completely restored to his health and is practicing daily with the basketball team, Next to football this is his favorite pastime, but for baseball and track he has no liking whatever although he chums with Red Harper, track captain, who is an ardent partici pant in these two sports. He is heart and soul in basket 'ball, always mindful of what he said when the glad news was brought him that he was to be the next captain of the football team. He was determined to defeat Creekton in basket ball. Reports had it that these two teams were pretty evenly matched, but they all seemed to give Creekton a slight shade over Fordville. Finally the date decided upon had arrived. This game was to be played in the Fordville College gymnasium. Enthusiasm was running so high at Fordville that the students'of that school two weeks before the game drummed together a miniature concert band, and this fraternity of ardent lovers of Ulysses^ favorite occupation made its first public appearance at this game.

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The scoring was pretty even. First one team got a basket, then the other followed and so on • At one time during the period Creekton was four points ahead, but when time was called for the half the score stood only 12 and 11 in Creekton’s favor. During the ten minutes’ intermission the spectators were entertained by the Fordville College band while a mock basketball game was being staged on the floor. The second half was just as interesting and exciting as the first half. Fuller had gotten three of the five baskets and also the free throw, and during the second half he veritably rolled them in, one after the other. Creekton, nevertheless, kept up the same pace, and succeeded in making one free throw more than Fordville. Fouls were frequently com mitted. just as the basket that tied the score fell through the net, time was and the score was 40 and 40. Two minutes were allowed to play off the and in case the score should still remain tied, the games was to be recorded as a draw. However, things happened differently. Fordville resorted to a new code of signals, and Ed. rolled two more baskets in while Creekton could not score at all. Time was soon up and then pandemonium broke loose in the gymnasium: four sturdy upper classmen of Fordville rushed on the floor and, hoisting Fuller on their shoulders, carried him around the hall amidst the shouts and cheers of loyal Fordvillites and the gentle( ?) music of the band. On this occasion also Ed. was carried off the field of battle but not on a stretcher. According to the latest reports Ed. was also rewarded with the basketball 一Athletics Editor. captaincy for the next season.

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THE BLACK AND RED Published Monthly by the Students of the Northwestern College.

EDITORIAL STAFF ADBLBBRT F. WESTENDORF M6

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BUSINESS MANAGERS EICKMANN fl6 ?rAAULLTG. BR W. SPRBNGELER fl6

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BUSINES ADVERT

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DEPARTMENT EDITORS HHNR BRANDT M 6 • HBLM W. SCHAEFER GKRTRUDB M. SCHLUETER M< _ ELMER C. KIESSLING M7 *^OTTO C. KLAYE M8 . GUSTAV J. SCHLEGEL M7

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Contributtom t-> tJie LIutavy Depanment Arc requested from Alumnf Ana untfergracfuatc«v All literary matter should be addre^oed to th« Hdxtor-in-Chicf a nd all bu2tnc23 communications to the Business Ma nager. The terms o! aubscrlptlons are X Dollar per annum, payable In Jidvanice. Single coplc<9 l 5 c«nts« Stamos not acccotcd in navmcnt. Notifv us if ^ou wish your addrc33 chanoxd or yo，ur oaocr discontinued* Advertising rates lurnbhed upon applicAtion. Tbe Black aid Red la forwarded to all sub3cribera until order lor its discontinuance la received or the «ub •cribcr is more than one year in Arrears^ Entered at the Poatofficc o! Watertown, Whu • as acconi-clasa matter.

THE STAFF OF VOLUME XIX BIDS YOU FAREWELL. Volume XIX is completed. The March edition marks the end of the work of the staff of Volume XIX. Another staff steps forward to take the guidance o| our tiny craft into its hands and to guide it for another year. It is with a reluctant sigh that we give our work into the hands of others. The work and its little worries had become dear to us; we do not like to give them up so soon. Only one year has been alloted to us; how short it seemed. We had barely enough time to become experienced; we have not accomplished most of the things which we hoped to accomplish.

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But the time is past, and Volume XIX is ready to take its place beside the others. Is it worthy of the place ? We do not know. It was our 111tention to make good use of the innovations and ideas of improvement of former staffs, to these to add our own ancl thus raise the standard of our journal; the firm foundation which the work of other staffs had given us should help us increase and improve its value by adding to it our work. Blit we found that the road leading to perfection is not a soft, downy path, straight and without obstacles, but much rather an irregular, stony one, full of seemingly insuperable hindrances. We discovered that improvement is not effected in long strides, but much rather moves in inperceptible steps ancl only through the most conscientious effort, and that the fire and vivacity which always accompanies a new venture must soon compose itself into fixed deter mination and perseverance if it wishes to attain anything-. So it has not been our fortune to effect any huge betterment, but we had to content ourselves with inchmeal progress. But neither can we attribute all our progress to our own efforts. We have received aid from various sources which merits our sincere gratitude. Those men who have willingly contributed both literary material and money dare not be passed without notice. It is to them that we owe a great deal of success. And also those men that had conscientiously advised and corrected our shortcomings dare not be forgotten. It seems then as though we can pride ourselves on only a tiny part of our 'progress. Still, if we have pleased our readers, if we have conveyed things that were pleasing and interesting to them, wc can consider our efforts rewarded. Even though the work did not reveal any wonderful development, we have the satisfaction of having done our best faithfully. The new staff, recently elected, is as follows: Elmer C. Kiessling, ’17, Jefferson, Wis................................. Editor-in-Chief Helmuth W. Schaefer, ^7, Kenosha, Wis..................... Business Manager Gustav J. Schlegel, ’17, Benton Harbor, Mich............Advertising Manager Adelaine G. Kortegast, 517, Watertown, Wis............................. Exchanges Waldemar A. Retzlaff, ’17, New Ulm, Minn................................. Athletics Samuel O. Herrmann, ’18, Regina, Saskatchewan, Can. De Rebus Omnibus Otto C. Klaye, La Crosse, Wis.......... Collegc Notes ..........Locals William H. Lehmann, Racine, Wis Adolph Z. Zeisler, La Crosse, Wis.. Campus and Classroom To these men we wish a prosperous year. May the Black and Red thrive under their leadership. * —A. F. W. WHY? Why is it that with each issue of our monthly publication we are confronted by a large list of subscribers whose subscriptions are long past due and who yet do not seem to take any heed whatsoever of the due-slips, mailed to them monthly, calling attention to the fact that their payments are in arrears and admonishing them to set their account in order ? This question is one

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that lias ever been of considerable perplexity to us, and as yet we have never been able to answer it wholly satisfactorily, since it is obvious that we can hardly do it alone, but needs must have the help and co-operation of our sub scribers to remove this faulty state of affairs. We feel that our subscribers to a high degree share our own interests, and that they are entitled to expect that wc combine our best and sincerest efforts in their behalf. With this in mind it lias been our earnest desire to accommodate our subscribers wherever it was possible, in giving them the best literary matter which we could secure and in attending to all business matters that may have occurred during the year promptly, such as receipting remittances, mailing back numbers and recti fying any errors that may have been called to our attention. Of course we do not mean to assert that we have clone our part without fault or error, for these will always happen, but we have exerted ourselves to the utmost to expunge all mistakes and to serve our readers to the best of our ability. But on the other hand we also earnestly desire that our subscribers lend us their best efforts to make our paper a success. To the student editors, who naturally also have tlicir class work to perform, the publishing of a monthly journal is not a lask to be made light of, and hence they appreciate each and every particle of help that may be tendered them. This the subscribers should keep in mind and lend their aid whenever possible. An article from a sub scriber, especially so from an alumnus, is always greatly appreciated and does much to increase the quality of tlic literary department. Hints and sugges tions that might be of benefit to tlic paper are not only ever welcome, but are also requested. Should it happen that a subscriber does not receive the last issue of the paper, it is his business to notify us so that the matter may be properly adjusted. A change of address should also be reported immediately in order to avoid all delays. Most of all, however, a prompt remittance upon the expiration of a subscription is appreciated and desired. Without financial backing no paper can be expected to remain in existence, and the more careful and prompt tlic subscribers arc in attending to their payments, the better will be the state of the finances and the easier the task of the editors. In view of this fact it should be the aim of each and every one of our subscribers to pay careful attention to the state of his subscription and to remember that by remitting promptly, he is keeping his own name off the delinquent list and thus keeping the names on this list at a minimum. Only thus will it be pos sible for our paper to remain on the level which it has now attained. —P. G. E. * 幸 PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS. The department of a college paper that is read least is the advertising department. It is natural that this is the case, because the advertising depart ment does not contain “spicy” and elevating articles. It is a place where our advertisers in a few words state what goods they have for the people to buy. As a rule readers of a periodical are not interested in advertising. But should the readers of The Black and Red, especially the students of this college, have the same idea about the matter ? No.

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Of what benefit is the advertiser to our college paper? It is the adver tiser that keeps The Black atid Red on a sound financial basis. Without his aid we could not publish our college paper. We should be obliged to seek some other means of supporting our Black and Red. And where could wc find such means? I venture to say that we could not find the means of pub lishing The Black and Red if we had not the benevolent hand of the business man that offers us a dollar, more or less, monthly for running his “ad” in the advertising department of The Black and Red. But the business man expects a recompense for his advertising; and what is such recompense? It is your patronizing the advertiser; your giving him your trade wherever it is possible. Look over the “ad” columns of The Black and Red before you go to town to make a purchase and buy at those counters that support The Black and Red through their “ad.” By doing this you not only help The Black and Red along, but you also create a more intimate feeling in the business man for the college and its magazine. Various business people have complained that they were not given a recom pense for their advertising; and others even have withdrawn their “ad” on that account. Thus it happened that the financial basis of The Black and Red has suffered and diminished; and at times the staff officials have been at a loss how to defray the expense of publishing. Laxity on the part of the students was the fault. Thus it is clear that the individual student can do very much to promote the welfare of The Black and Red. Patronize your advertisers and they will patronize you. 一W. W. S., 16. 窣

* THE POOL.

Our institutions for higher learning are a diminutive of that great orbit of which Shakespeare wrote, “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” Since they are a diminutive, they are of the same class and can be compared. They can be compared with Shakespeare’s stage, not our stage of today, but England’s stage in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the stage as Shakespeare made it. On this stage one indispensible requisite in his comedies, was the jester or fool, the man whose sole duty consisted in making himself ridiculous. In addition, to be a fool usually demanded that he could make his audience laugh at his foolery, that he enjoyed his position as no one else could, and lastly that above all he was ignorant of the fact that he really was making a fool of himself. This character we must find in our institutions of today if our comparison is to be valid. There must be a character among us that plays the part of Shakespeare’s fool today, and to the disgust of their fellow students, we have them. They are the embodiment of Shakespeare's fool who refuse admittance to any opportunity that knocks. Opportunities must await their pleasure. They play this role today who collect in the corridors or any other convenient place and in their innocent simplicity braggingly relate their latest trouble

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with the professors, in which they have invariably conquered their intellec tually superior antagonist. To them it is a foredrawn conclusion that the instructor is their enemy.】Yes, he is even their captor. They consider themselves his slaves and their:sole ambiiton is to vanquish him. Have they “slipped one over” on him, the their victory is won. But their weak minds tell them to “win” is not enough, it must be made public. To make it public demands an attentive listener. But this listener will not be a broad-minded student, sucli a one seeks more precious pearls than can be found in such con versations. If he will not be a student with some principles, then it must be one of the braggadocio’s class. Thus a certain class is found whose only pur pose for existing is to encourage its member’s views and to fabricate new methods of eluding the knowledge that the professors so liberally distribute. Fool of this class, have you stopped to consider, what you are doing, and wliat you will be tomorrow if vou continue in your present path ? Have you halted for but one moment to consider that the world will not need you in your stupidity ? Have you not noticed that the professors are your friends and not your enemies and that they are throwing “pearls before swine”？ You are not entirely the fool in Shakespeare’s world, You are less. Shakespeare's fool received a remuneration for his foolery, you receive none. Shakespeare’s fool was applauded by his superiors, you are at the most pitied in your stupid ity. To those who take this aspect of education we can offer no suggestion; live on in your peculiar strain until folly at last undoes you; but to those who are yet aspiring towards these “noble examples” we might say: “Weigh well —H. J. B”，i6. before choosing !M AMERICANISM. In connection with our relation to other countries during the war, with the acute feeling between descendants of different nationalities and with the emphasis laid upon Hyphenated Americans, the question arises: What is Americanism ? and who is really a true American and who is not? One should think that every one who is either born here or has become naturalized is a citizen of the United States and therefore of America. Yes, so he is politi cally. But in order to be a true American, he must be more than that; he must also be one in spirit and disposition. And the first requisite is that he conform to and maintain our constitution. As much as our constitution differs from that of other nations and is something essentially belonging to us, sc also is true Americanism, which is founded upon the constitution, something distinctive of our nation. That is what gives the term a much deeper and sig nificant meaning and makes the problem to determine it more difficult. Yet nothing- could be more worth considering just at present. America is sometimes called the great melting pot of the world, which, however, is an unhappy designation. It is appropriate only insofar as people have been coming over here from almost all parts of the globe, but no one can expect them to forget their whole past, their origin and all ties of family and friendship, their speech and customs in order to be transformed, melted into a

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nondescript something else, which not even the originators of the term can define satisfactorily. The immigrants sought a new home, where they might enjoy personal and religious freedom, and this they hoped to find in our coun try. To it they vowed to bring the best that is in them, which means that they preserve their good character traits and qualities and employ them for the good of their adopted country. These are the ideals which our forefathers sought to embody in our constitution and for which they fought the Revolu tionary War,—liberty, equality and justice. They should also be our ideals. And every one whose ambition it is to uphold them is a true American. Out of this spirit our relation toward other countries must arise: With malice toward none, with charity for all.” The close bonds of relationship with which many of our citizens are connected with another country requires that we observe strict neutrality toward all. No one expressed this more appropriately than Washington in his Farewell Address. A decent respect to the Father of our country, whose birthday we just recently celebrated, cn一G. M. S.,，i6. joins that we try to live up to his advice.

They are slaves who fear to speak For the fallen and the weak: They are slaves who will not choose Hatred, scoffing and abuse, Rather than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think. They are slaves who dare not be In the right with two or three.

— Lowell.

You never can tell what vour thoughts will do In bringing you hate or love; For thoughts are things ancl their airy win£js Are swifter than carrier doves. They follow the law of the universe一 Each thing must create its kind: They speed o’er the track to bring you back Whatever went out of vour mind. —Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

Earth bears no balsam for mistakes: Men crown the knave and scourge the tool That did his will: 1)ut thou, O Lord, Be merciful to me, a fool! —E. R. Still.

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LYCEUM LITERARY PROGRAM, FEBRUARY 12, 1916. H. Pfeil Song—Still ruht der See College Quartette Theo. Fontane 2. John Maynard........ Win. Krichbaum Ed. Coates 3 The Gambler's Wife Ewald T. Plass Theo. Korner Lctztcr Trost Carl Sclimelzer H. C. Lodge 5. The Parting of the Ways Ervin Abelmann E. F. L. Gauss 6. Sore Disappointment Martin A. Zimmermann Anon. 7. Laddie ................... Miss Cornelia Groth R. W. Emerson 8. Review of Lincoln’s Career Walter E. Zaiik 9. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Speech.......... Roy H. Vollmers Maurice Thompson io. Lincoln’s Grave Edward C. Lange ii. Selections Mandolin Trio W. Sprengcler, who acted as Master of Ceremonies again, showed his good taste in the arrangement of the above program. All the selections were timely and also well rendered in the majority of cases. Of course, the mistake of 1.

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not memorizing well again popped up to detract from the good impression of the whole. If that fact could once be inculcated on our members that any thing but perfect memorization and smothness and facility of expression de rogates from the whole appearance of the speaker and the effect of the speech, besides being a bore to those who listen, they might be willing to devote just a bit more of energy and time when preparing. Why for the sake of a little extra application or rather on account of pure laziness change certain success into failure? Will there ever come a time in which we shall actually learn to realize this? Let us hope so,一to use the old expression, Prof. Sauer was critic. PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY MEETING, FEBRUARY 19, 1916. Master of Ceremonies E. Kiessling, had arranged the following program: 1. Waltz .................................... . Orchestra Freiligrath 2. O lieb, so lang du lieben kannst Walter Bodamer .......... Fox 3. On Washington’s foreign p olicy.. Oscar Kluck 4. Debatte: Es wird beantragt, dass dem jetzigeni Stundenplan noch ein Kursus in der Musik hinzugefugt wird. Negativ: Cl. Fuelling Affirmatir: W. Sprengeler G. Schlegel H. Schaefer Burke 5. Extract from “You can’t conquer America” Louis Meyer Anon. 6. Washington W. Gutzke 7. Vocal Solo Adolph Zeisler Debates are few and far between at Northwestern and this always insures a full house and good attention when one is staged occasionally. The theme of the present one was well chosen, but the arguments, especially on the affirm ative side, too often failed to hit the point and this gave the negative an easy victory. As the critic, Prof. Kowalke, remarked, one could easily notice that the German language is gradually becoming a Frcmdsprache in our circles, everybody following the trend of the times in America and becoming Angli cized. It would, indeed, be a great loss if we should lose the beautiful lan guage of our forefathers. Yet what can be done to prevent it? It must be remembered that to most of us who have been accustomed to hear little else than English from our youth it is as difficult and awkward to employ the Ger man language in our general conversation as it is to use the left hand when accustomed to use the right. But it is finally the only expedient to acquire or to retain any amount of fluency. An effort to that effect together with exten sive and intelligent reading of German will without doubt overcome much of the deficiency.

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Of the speakers L. Meyer deserves most praise, and Mr. Zeisler, being the only singer, was the best in that field of art. The three judges of the debate were Prof. Wendland, Messrs. Schweppe and Parisius.

LYCEUM PROGRAM, FEBRUARY 26, 1916. March一Selected Concert Band Recitation一Lake Saratoga Anon. Leonard Bemthal 3. Recitation—Psalm Klopstock Edward Halm 4. Recitation—The Tragic Fate of Eliza............ ..Darwin Wm. Krichbaum Anon. 5. Recitation一Die Erfindung des Schiesspulvers Theo. Schlueter Mrs. Thorpe 6. Recitation一The Engineer’s Story Karl Plocher 7, Vocal Solo—Selected Roy Vollmers, Soloist Cl. F. Fuelling, Accompanist The program of the Master of Ceremonies, Helmuth Schaefer, to use his own words, was short but sweet. Mr. Schaefer directed the band in first num ber, and every one knows that lie is short and, some even say, sweet The second number ditto, excepting the sweetness of Bemthal, and so on down the whole list. When tiie end had come, the critic, Prof. E. Sauer, called atten tion to tlie old fault of imperfect memorization again. Karl Plocher, L. Bernthal, and Edward Hahn, however, were laudable exceptions. 2.

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LI CONCERT. The following was the program of the Sixteenth Annual Concert given by the musical organizations of N. W. C. under the direction of Mr. H. B. A. Duetzmann and with the assistance of Miss Emma Kelley of Milwaukee: C. M. von Weber i. Oberon Overture N. W. C. Orchestra Chor der alteren Pilger aus Tannhauser............................... R. Wagner 2. N. W. C. Chor und Orchester unter Assistenz von Frl. Emma Kelley Frank W. McKee 3. Cecile Waltz Orchestra J. A. Parks 4- Crossing the Bar (Tennyson) N. W. C. Quartette

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Will T. Pearson, Jr. Orchestra ..............R. Wagner 6. Der Pilgerchor aus Tannhauser Chor mit Orchester—Begleitung ..........James Rogers 7. Vocal Solo: a) The Star..................................... b) The Fairy Sisters........................ ,• • .Herbert Brewer .......... Bach-Gounod c) Ave Maria................................. Miss Emma Kelky, Soprano Mrs. Speier, Accompanist C. H. Doering 8. Early Spring N. W. C. Male Chorus 9. a) Echoes of the Metropolitan Opera House. • arr. by Tobani ..Jolt. Strauss b) Southern Rose—Waltz............................. •. Friedemann c) Kaiser Friedrich—March .......................... N. W. C. Band Im Northwestern College-Konzert am Freitag Abend warcMi die Ilandflachen des gegenwartigen Schreibers formlich rot geworden vom eifrigen Klatschen. Die Veranlassung dazu gaben zunachst gewisse Nummern des reiclihaltigen Programms; dann aber auch eine gewisse Seelcnstimmung, die an dieser Stelle nicht erortert werden soil und darf, die aber der mitfuhlende Leser vielleicht erraten wird. Die “gewissen” Nummern waren 1, 2 und 6; Perlen der Weber’sclien und Wagner’schen Tonmuse. Aller An fang ist bckanntlich schwer, daher ist es begreiflich class die ersten Horntone der Oberon Ouvertiire nur mit Zuhilfenahme der erganzenden Fantasie gehort werden konnten. Gleich darauf aber rauschten die Geigen so jugendfrisch und romantisch auf, class auch das Oberonshorn seine Stimme fand, und das anmutige Orchesterstuck ohne erhebliche Schwankung durchgcfiihrt、vurde. No. 2 des Programms verhiess niclits geringeres als_Chor der iiltercn Pilger aus Wagners Tannhauser. In solcher Musik werden an den Chorgesang ganz andere Anforderungen gestellet als wie in dem scherzweise sogenannten Liedertafel-Stil, daher war man' nicht wenig gespannt auf diese Nummern so wie auf No. 6: ebenfalls ein Chorstuck mit Orchester aus Tannhauser. Doch es klang und klappte alles so prachtig class man sicli ganz ungestort der eigentiimlichen Wirkung dieser “Vergangenheits-MusiG,” (Die modeme “Zukunfts-Musik” verbalt sicli zu Wagner wie Asdic zum Feuer!) hingeben konnte. Die ubrigen Nummern des Programms waren mehr zugiinsten des konventionellen Tagesgeschmacks gewahlt, dem es vor alien darauf ankommt sich zu amiisiren. Da erzahlt ein Manner-Quartett von Siingern allerhand artiges und heiteres und versetzt damit die Zuhorer in eine animierte Stimmung, die schliesslich in ruckhaltloses Gelachter ausbricht nachdem sie erfahrt, dass aus “Mary’s Little Lamb” immer noch kein ausgewachsenes Schaf geworden ist. In dieser Atmosphare sind natiirlich Marsch und Walzer besonders willkommen; wirbelnde Trommeln und klingendc Glasstabchen kommen zu entschieden obligater Wirksamkeit. Doch nun, was ist das plotzlich fiir eine Ercheinung! Zwei Meister Sebastian Bach and der Hand gefiihrt von Meister Gounod! edelsinnige deutsche Mannlichkeit erganzt (lurch zartsinnige franzosische Weiblichkeit! Zwei echte Volkssohne zweier Nachbar5.

Salute the Flag—March

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volker in sinniger Tonvereinigung! Klingt das kleine Tonbild nicht wie ein erschiitternder Vorvvurf in das unfassbar ungeheuere Unrecht des heutigen Tages! ?—Docli kein Wort mehr. Das Konzert war unstreitig eines der erfolgreichen in (ler Geschichte des Northwestern-College und wurcle hochst laktvoll oline Zugestandnis.zum Abschluss gebracht; dann—wie sagt Goethe ? —“Es muss von Herzen kommen, wenn es soil zu Herzen gehen!” —Watertown JVeltbuerger.

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AUS DEM SEMINAR. Herr Pastor P. Eggcrt aus Abrams, Wis., hielt sich am n. Februar eine Zeitlang bci uns auf. Am 13. Februar predigte Herr W. Schumann in Abrams, Wis. Herr Pastor J. Bade und Irrau besuchten uns am 14. Februar. Herr Pas tor Bade heiratete vor kurzer Zeit Fr. Irene Schroeder aus Woodville, Wis. Von hicr rcisten die j ungen Eheleute nach Allegon, Mich. Wir freuen uns, (lass wir die Riickkehr Herrn Reinhold Fenskes berichten diirfen. Herr Fenske kehrte am 13. Februar wiecler in das Seminar zuruck. Er ist von seincm Ncrvenleidcn fast vollig genesen. Frl. Kopp aus Watertown, Wis., und Frl. Wanda Sterz aus Milwaukee besuchten am 21. Februar hicr Freunde und Verwandten. I I. E. Monser aus Lincoln, II!., war am 11. February hier im Interesse der "Cross Reference Bible Co,” Dircktor J. Schaller hielt am 22. Februar (Washington Geburtstag) einen Vortragf im Concordia Seminar in St. Louis. Am 12. February reiste Her R. Huth lieim nach Watertown. Die Herren Inspektoren K. Schweppe und H. Parisins aus Watertown statteten Frcunden und Klassengenossen am Washingtons Geburtstag einen . Besuch ab. .... Da wir mit den katechetischen Arbeiten und mit den Predigten fertig sind, fallen die Nachmittagsstunden von nun an aus. Herr Pastor E. Sauer aus Green Lake, Wis., besuchte das Seminar am 2. Marz. Den neuen Biicherjuden, Herrn P. Lutzke kann man in Zimmer 30 zu fast irgendeiner Tageszeit finden. Kommen sie und “machen ein gut Geschaft!” Apologies only account for that, which they do not alter.一Disraeli. On their own merits modest men are dumb.—Coleman. • # • Keep virtue’s simple path before your eyes, Nor think from-evil good can ever rise. 一Thomson.

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THE MANITOU MESSENGER.

The Manitou Messenger (Northfield, Minn.) informs us that the February issue of the magazine will be the last of its kind in magazine form. We are sorry to see it leave our monthly magazine list, since it was always considered one of the best exchanges. However, we wish you success in your latest ven ture—the weekly. The literary column reveals carefully selected articles of real merit. A customary poem is again found introducing the literary department. The poem consists of four stanzas in iambic meter and describes an evening scene upon the battlefield. The poem wakes emotion and is very timely. There is a slight inconsistency in the metrical frame, which detracts from the value of the whole. The writer begins “Upon the battlefield where thru the day” etc., continuing in the third stanza thus: “There quietly many bitter tears were shedL” The adverb “quietly” hampers the smooth flow of the meter, for in it an anapest is introduced where we expect an iambic foot. The *'Aristocracy of Education” favors us with some clear-cut views on a subject “often heard but ne’er so well expressed.” This aristocracy is not one of wealth or name, but it is built upon strength acquired by service. “For this reason,” the writer continues, ‘“this aristocracy prevails when others pass aw ay.” The subject was complete and full of interest. *'Efficiency of Modern Education” is a second article of exceptional quali ties. As the writer has it, the four essential elements are, the power to think deeply, to do efficiently, to act properly, to grow everlastingly. These, the writer adds, our present system of education gives us, and therefore it is efficient. This article, as does the first, evinces originality and thoroughness, and deserves nothing but favorable comment. “Rural Co-operation and Finance” treats of the greatest unsolved, economic problem in our country today. In the article the writer pleads for

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farmers’ co-operative associations, which might exert some influence upon the government in their own interests. It closes with the assurance of the ultimate success of co-operative effort in America. May it come soon, for the majority of its population eagerly awaits its arrival. Your literary department in this issue is in our opinion a model, with perhaps one restriction, that it could have contained some lighter _ reading matter. This, however, is in no way essential, but the average reader seeks variety, variatio clelcctat. Your editorials are all of timely interest and serve to uphold your aim— thoroughness. The remaining- columns arc all well edited, except the exchange column. In it originality is lacking. Bare facts are repulsive and inspire no interest, but a thorough review delights a reader. .1 i. II. Acrolith. Before the present exchange editor relinquishes his firm grasp on his censorious and satirical pen, lie will let the M. H. Aerolith (Plymouth, \Vis.) run the gauntlet. This paper is one of the few bilingual representatives wholly intelligible to its. The articles in both languages are well selectcd, but more caroful proofreading; would have enhanced their value. In “Men of International RcpiUe" the writer selects three men born in February who should be known to anyone laying any pretensions to an education. The three arc Mcndclssolin. Charles Lamb and Victor Hugo. Since these are men known to us tlirou^h their accomplishments and since they adorn the pa^os of at least their country's history, very little original effort is required to treat them in an article. But despite this fact, we find an introduction worthy of mention, and willi the exception of the historical data, the article is the work of the scribe. In the course of the article there is a quotation from Lamb’s “The Old Familiar Faces.” Ghost-likc I paced round the haunts of my childhood. Earth seemed a desert I was bound to traverse, Seeking to find the old faces. # This quotation is incomplete. The adjective “familiar” was omitted in the last line. This was, perhaps, only the fault of the proofreader, and it migrlit possibly 1)e an injustice to the writer to accuse him of omitting words in a quotation for which the poet is given credit. . “Mens sana in corpore sano” is a German essay on the Latin aphorism. "Wc would suggest the propriety of using- the accepted types of a language while quoting- it when possible. In the introduction the last line but one discloses a gross grammatical error. “Heute”. (today) can only be used as an adverb and consequently it cannot be declined. But judging1 from the context the writer cannot be taken to task. The essay treats the subject ex haustively. Special stress has been laid on the quality of the language. Let us encourage vour German articles, they are seldom found in exchanges. My Experience in a Barber College” is told well and savors of wit. The scene is a barber college in New York that seems to have had a questionable reputation. The writer's urgent appeal to Christianity for the God-forsaken creatures that congregate daily in these tonsorial “clinics” does not belong

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under, this heading. He might write another article on this phase of his experiences, but as it is, when the writer returns to his topic we have lost the thread and experience it as an anacoluthon. Although a to be continued” is not desirable in a college magazine, this article is interesting enough to stimulate interest for the following number. A few more original jokes would add to tlic charm of that column. The “Locals” are too brief to be of much interest. Before quitting our desk and turning our work over to our successor, the exchange editor wishes to thank the various exchanges for their sugges tions and profit-bringing comments tendered us during this staff’s brief regime. The exchanges that have honored us with their visit during the past year: Alma Mater (St. Louis, Mo.) : Augsburg Echo (Minneapolis, Minn.) ; Augustana Observer (Rock Island, 111.) : Bethany Echo (Mankato, Minn.); College Breezes (St. Peter, Minn.) : College Chips (Dccorali. Ia.) ; Cresset (Red Wing, Minn.); D. M. L. C. Messenger (New Ulm, Minn.) ; Hcmnica (Red Wing, Minn.): Luther College Visitor (Wahoo, Nebr.) ; Lutheran N. S. Mirror (Sioux Falls, S. Dak.) : The Elation Messenger (Korthfield, Minn.) ; Newberry Stylus (Newberry, S. C.): Scant (Fergus Falls, Minn.); Spectator (Columbus, Ohio): Thielcsian (Greenville, Pa.) : Wittenberger (Springfield, Ohio): Almanack (Lake Forest, 111.); Comenian (Bethlehem, Pa.); Caroll Echo (Waukesha, Wis.) : LawreiUian (Appleton. Wis.) ; Lin colnian (Lincoln, III.) ; M. H. Acrolitb (Plymouth, Wis.) : Milton College Review (Milton, Wis.); Normal Advance (Oshkosh, Wis.) : Ottcrhcin Aegis (Westerville, Oliio); Pacific Star (St. Benedict, Ore.) : Ripon Col lege Days (Ripon. Wis.); Sybil (Riverside, Cal.) ; Tiger (Little Rock, Ark.); Trinitonian (Waxahachic, Tex.) ; Lake Breeze (Sheboygan. Wis.: Tatler (New York City): Red and Blue (New York City: College Chron icle (Naperville. 111.) ; Dubuque Student (Dubuque, Ia.) : Wartburg Quar terly (Clinton, la.); Collegian (Hastings, Nebr.); Echo Monthly (Milwau kee, Wis.): Goshen College Record (Goshen, 1ml.) : Aurora College (Mendota> 111.): Rensselaer Polytechnic Times (Troy, N. Y.) : Royal Purple (Whitewater, Wis.) Affliction’s sons are brothers in distress; A brother to relieve, how exquisite the bliss. 一Burns. The heights by great men reached and kept, Were not attained by sudden flight, But they, while their companions slept, Were toiling upward in the night.

—Longfellow.

SUBMARINE WARFARE. For nearly ten montlis the Lusitania case was pending between our coun try and Germanv. Several times public passion was excited to such a high pitch that war seemed imminent. Xow when it had at last subsided and the controversy was regarded as settled, we learn that Secretary Lansing reopened negotiations concerning it. It is difficult to decide because it con tains (lie whole question of submarine warfare, 'vhicli just arose during this war and is not ycl regarded by international laws. Mr. Lansing’s note of January 28 was quite specific in submitting form ulas to the Allies wliicli were recommended as “just and fair to all belligerciits.” Thov require nuTchanl vessels to halt when warned to do so by a war vessel: a imTcliant sliij) should not be subjected to attack until warned to stop, ami tlicrcupon should obey any order from a belligerent warship to stop: such a vessel should not be fired upon unless she tries to flee or resist by force, and only in ease it should l)e impossible for military reasons for the warship to supply a prize-crew or to convoy the merchantship into port will she be justified in sinking such merchantman, in which case passen gers and crew must be removed to a place of safety. These are precisely the points for which Germany has been contending with only a slight variation of terms. The note went on to say, there can be no reason for the maintenance of even small caliber guns on merchant ships, unless it is designed to make them superior to submarines and to deprive them of their effectiveness, whose operations are already restricted because of their structural weaknesses. Therefore any such armament <^f a merchant vessel now might be regarded as offensive armament. The United States, it is admitted, has been impressed with the arguments that any mer chant vessel which carries guns may be regarded as an auxiliary cruiser and is seriously considering the announcement of a purpose to treat these vessels on that basis. Upon "which the German and Austrian-Hungarian govern ment promptly announced their intention to act according to Mr. Lapsing’s view. Their memorandum sent to Washington on February 10 contains the following■: “Enemy merchant ships which are armed with guns have no right longer to be considered as peaceful merchant ships. The German sea forces will

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therefore, after a short period designed to protect the rights of neutrals, receive an order to treat such ships as warships. The German government informs the neutral powers of this state of affairs iii order that they can warn their subjects from further intrusting their persons or property to armed merchant ships of the powers at war with the German empire.” These instructions were to go into effect March i. England had refused to accept Lansing’s suggestion of a new sea code, which should include the complete disarmament of merchant vessels, and therefore Germany took this step as means of retaliation. She justified by asserting that she possesses documentary proof that the British government “lias supplied many merchantmen with many more guns than are nceded for purposes of defense as contemplated in the old rule, and in addition has detailed experienced blue jackets to operate them, with elaborate instructions as to be the best method of attacking enemy submarines on sight.” As long as the Central Powers gave guaranty that ships of peace would not be attacked under any circumstances, England has no longer need for defense and therefore no justification for arming its ships. The whole out come puts the question squarely before our President, whether lie will recog nize Germany’s right to treat all armed vessels as war vessels and issue an order through the State Department warning Americans to keep off bellig erent ships or not. is

A CABINET CHANGE. The relation between different members of our administration is not as agreeable as one might wish. The disagreement between Secretary of State Bryan and the President induced the former to lay down his office a year ago. On February io Mr. Lindley M. Garrison of New Jersey resigned from the office of Secretary of War in President Wilson’s cabinet because lie differed with him on two important subjects, which just now arc holding the attention of Congress: the question of Philippine independence and of the national defense, matters with which the Department of War is primarily concerned. He is convinced that the United States ought not at this time pass the bill which grants independence to the Filipinos in not less than two nor more than four years. Nor does he agree with the President’s plan for preparedness. He believes that the military force upon which the United States is to rely as its second line of defense upon the land must be a national force, a “Continental Armv，” and not a “federalized militia.” Be cause these his “fundamental principles” did not coincide with those of the President, he did not believe it rigflit for him longer to retain his place in the circle of the President’s immediate advisers. His resignation was accepted by Mr. Wilson, who expressed warm ap preciation of his services. Henry Breckenrids^e, assistant secretary, also re signed, because he agreed with his chief. Diehl Baker, formerly mayor of Cleveland, has been appointed Secretary of War in Mr. Garrison’s place；

—Merciful Reader, who wert for ten months subject to that soul-petrifying ordeal of reading or at least of seeing this column every month, the lime lias conic when \vc must part! No more shall my hallowed tread resound through our halls, no more will I collect those gladsome brevities of slalcnc.ss that so made up this column! Therefore, with a last, long, linger ing farewell, I surrender you to the treacherous whims of my worthy successor. —Irrcd Zcislcr visited his brother Adolf, *18, March 1-4. Whether his visit was very agreeable to Adolf or not we doubt, at least judging from one particular incident during his sojourn here. One night Adolf was obliged to roost on an old thread and spring-bare couch while his brother monop olized one of our iron stretchers. Unhappily, too, the covers and blankets were rather diniinutive in size, and the night was cold! Slowly Adolph’s protruding “pedestals” became numb from the cold, and he had no more covering to shelter them, his pride. Presently he espied an oversized empty trunk standing- at the foot end of the couch. Ah! thought he, now wc have it! But lo! liis pedestal plantations were too big. Try hard as he would, he could not force them into the trunk. But there was a tall locker standing at the bed-side. Now we’ll have you warm, said Zei to himself, and puslied liis feet into it. And the six-foot looker wasn’t a bit too large.

一Miss Edna Timmel, sister of our Smokie, attended our grand concert while in town on March 3.

一Martin Koehler, Prep., was obliged for some reason or other to dis continue his studies at school. 一H. C. Schumacher, *18, spent the latter part of the first week of March in liis home town, Edgerton.

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—Benno. ’16. and Erich Kupfer, Prep., journeyed to Milwaukee on Washington’s birthday.

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—*‘Fat” Nicolaus, an ancient member of the Class of ’18, popped up among us on March 7. He now holds a responsible position with the Citi zen^ Wholesale Supply Co., which have a branch in this city. 一Harvey Heimke and Carl Duernberger, Preps., celebrated Washing ton’s birthday at West Bend. ―Elmer C. Kiessling, it is reported, has done some splendid work in oratory of late at the meetings of the Enterpe Society. Modesty, however, oratory of late at the meetings of tlie Euterpe Society. Modesty, however, prevented him from giving further particulars. —Belno Lange, ’18, and Erdman Pankow, Prep., enjoyed an appetizing chicken dinner at Beaver Dam on Feb. 27. 一Carl Butcher, ex-’18, now of St. John’s Military Academy, delighted his classmates and friends with a short visit on March 5. 一Ed. Punzel of Jefferson has taken up his studies in the Commercial College of this institution. —Leonard C. Bernthal, ’18, visited at Ixonia Center on Feb. 27.

Miss Martha Ave-Lallemant, formerly of the Class of，18, visited with her family during the fore part of March. While here she didn’t fail to attend the programs of our Literary Societies, especially those rendered by the Lyceum. —Among the members of our faculty who attended the great bazaar at Milwaukee are the following: Dr. A. F. Ernst, Dr. A. Hoermann, Dr. J. H. Ott, and Prof. E. Wendland. —“Jess” Willard, alias Henry, Prep., withdrew his name from the list of the great and learned when he discontinued his studies at this institution on March 7.

一The following- seminary students attended our concert on March 3: “Pudie” Lindloff, Ed. Kolander, “^Toe” Kobs，“Jim” Wehausen, Otto MeGraw Kehrberg, and “Raisins” Rosin. On the day following, Saturday, they enjoyed a tussle at basketball with our illustrious tutorial five. Unfortu nately they were defeated by a very close score. —Bud Hoppe, Prep., and Carl Mueller, ’19, visited with relatives at Mil waukee on March 5. 一Waldemar Heidtke’s shining visage has again appeared in our midst after an absence of about three weeks’ duration.

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CLABB $f©TESo SENIOR NOTES. The writer enters upon the characterization of his classmates with pro found forebodings. He has instructions to represent each one in a true light without incurring his animosity. However, if he should pain a delin quent. the offended may receive redress of grievances in the scribe’s office. Alia iacta csto! —By way of averting a harsh criticism be it announced at the beginning that the Senior class cannot grace its column with the customary laundrybasket joke, since this inviting receptacle for soiled habiliments has passed below our ranks. However (for the edification of the public) know ye that thev still retain the lease on the lone locomotive, the “Flavie Flyer.” —Speaking of llic power of nervous concentration, who denies that Knaz” possesses it? We defy the assailant! “Knaz” had his eyes riveted on the basketball for a period of forty-five minutes (including intermission) on Feb. 19, 1915. Wliat interest doth the spiral create, Walter ? Why was it so attractive on just this day? Nothing unusual, Walter, it happens to the best of us. THE ACID TEST. —Doc: Look me in the eyes. (?): I can’t! Doc: Then beat it. (How cruel!) A CONFESSION? —Prof.: Wenn unsere Vorstellungen nacheinander ins Bewusstsein eintreten, wie werden sic reproduziert ? P—y: Durcheinander. —Fat (debating): It’s nothing short of an absurdity to propose adding a course in music to our present curriculum, why not add a domestic science course ? Ahem! Ahem! Dahamwirsha! NOTICE!! —To whom it may concern: Your kind but anonymous letter received without paying the postage. Why not increase the quantity thereof, the government carries such litera ture by the lb. rate. Please excuse my forwardness for such is my nature. “Westi.” P. S.—What have I done that I should so be harassed! 一Bar is taking harmony! Transposing (mostly himself) a specialty. Bring in your old rags and have them exchanged for the latest sensational hit, “On the Choo-Choo Cars to Waterloo.”

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—Some one to tell Benno when the last car leaves the Northwestern depot —•Ueber unsere Gertrud konnen wir kein Urteil fallen. Entschuldigen Sie, uns liegen die Bigentumlichkeiten dieser edelen Jungfrau fern. —A Friend: Are you Pealy? P—: Yep! The Same Friend: I don’t believe it. Let me feel of the back of your head. (Warum!) ―Take heed, ye wards of our constitution, you have an enemy in our midst. P. G. insists upon the bachelors’ chair by right of primogeniture. We cannot understand him, he has been suspiciously persistent during the entire year. Some one will please right the mystery. We can’t. —A reward to one who donates us a joke on Gamm, Indians excepted. 一At last we have put the minds of our lexicographers at rest. After several years of research, we have at last found the etymology of “fat.” “Fat” is a handsome young gentleman closely associated to “stout.” 一Four solemn Seniors Sitting in a row, Pulling little mustache ’Cause lie wouldn’t grow. Secties little “willies” Fell before the blade. We’ll divulge the cause of it, JTwas a pretty maid. Sectie’s passing by us Left us only three. Till with pendent foliage Benno we did see. A sad mistake, he told us, From Plato we should know, Before a man can reap his grain He must it duly sow. This caused us some reflection. The outcome hear afar. Never call them “willies” Till Benno says they are. Herr Sprengler beschaftigt sich dieses Jahr mit den Fenstern im Klassenzimmer. Und genau is er! Neulich riss er in leidenschaftlicher Unuberlegtheit die Luftlocher drei m. m. auf, und jetzt beklagt er sich iiber Hiihneraugen. Keine causale Verbindung, Jumper!

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—Infidelity! Walter recently relinguished all claims to the membership of the B. C., and today he returns a prodigal son. Whither has the bird flown ? 一Some one recently made the wise but nevertheless grounded observa tion that the name Hahn is a misnomer, since the bearer possesses none of the exquisite qualities requisite to this gallinaceous bird. He has the voice of a siren and eiderdown adorning his upper lip. 一Aha! Wc have it! It’s a revelation! Westi has become an anatomist. We understand that lie has dissected a dillpickle in quest of modesty. But lie did not find it, and in consequence he is analyzing a higher species—the rhinocerus. These have no modesty, Westi, try a toothpick! —New Year’s resolutions as yet unbroken. I resolve to keep within the precincts of the Rock river, never to cross Main St. Bridge, and to command “About face, double time, march!” when the situation becomes critical. Flee, Flee, Flee, dear Willie, Lest the darts should pierce thee thru. 一Fat spends precisely fifteen minutes every evening practising his new serenade, "When the tluffy flakes cease falling, and the normal schools have closed.” He will appear in public in the near future. (Alone, however.) Thy modesty is a candle to thy merit,” sings a well-known poet. Ah, truly, modesty is a virtue. But when modesty aims to suppress greater virtucs than herself, wc must rather side with the German aphorism: “Bescheidenheit ist oinc Zicr, doch weitcr kommt man ohne ihr.” But for modesty, many a genius could have thrust himself into public attention and admira tion ;but modesty cast him into the sable depths of oblivion, an irretrievable loss to the world. How much higher might not the standard of learning be but for modesty!】-Iow many more men of accomplishment would not the world have upon whom she could in the future build to unlimited heighths had not modesty inhibited any promulgation of their various accomplish ments. All this we can bear, even though only with bated ire at the selfish presumption of modesty, but when we discover that this same modesty has encroached upon the sanctity of the Class of 'i6, then wc rise with one accord and cry out indignantly: "Fie on thee, jealous modesty, that will not allow a genius to assert himself.” And again we cry plaintively: “Henry, why did you not write something about yourself ? Why did you so criminally neglect to extol your own perfections?” In conclusion we wish to say: “Oh, Henry, what do we know about you!’’

JUNIOR CLASS NOTES. An introductory note of apology, explanation and revelation. It i s one of the rarest and best of occasions for bringing- down a flux of negative good will and sympathy on the head of the unfortunate editor of

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class notes when he seeks in a modest and unostentatious way to give the world at large a small idea of the great worth and pre-eminence of his friends by dwelling a second on some of their strange idiosyncrasies and peculiarities, or by relating with laconic briefness an episode or two concerning their pri vate affairs. Were the molested incumbent thus, for example, to describe a fight between a horse and a skunk in which the former broke a finger and the latter escaped with a scratch on his nose, every one would censure this story as a deliberate falsehood, basing his arguments on the well-known fact that a skunk has no nose (for how could he live with a nose and such an in fernal odor), while a horse, according to the seven hundred odd fundamental laws of elementary equine physiology, possesses no fingers. Then again the above mentioned editor might attempt to depict the char acteristics of the Russian Pork and Lard Trust in contrast with those of the U. S. Blubber and Grease Co., yet since there are not a few representatives of both these corporations in our midst, each one would claim the superiority of his wares and this might lead to a juicy strife. How happy then that editor who, deeming himself the preordained vic tim of the mistaken wrath of his most intimate friends, suddenly stumbles upon a wonderful discovery, which it would seem Fate had arranged thus for the very purpose of shielding him and satisfying his classmates. While perusing some profound species of bad penmanship, such unfor givable works as Schiller’s seventh love-letter to Goethe or Shakespeare’s eleventh epistle to the Mongolians, several passages were found which ex pressed an obscure meaning in a remarkably obvious way. The deeper the thought, the more it could be likened to a weird, fantastic prophecy, touching' very closely on something that played a prominent part in cosmopolitan af fairs of today. And finally, there could be no doubt when the following words had been found. And there will come an age in which kings, negroes, Slavs, animals and hams will unite into one body for the storming of Greek grammars and the protection of Latin. This could only be symbolic of the Junior class! In a fever of excitement it was decided to rummage all the archives of international literature, both ancient and modem, in order to uncover any far-fetched allusions which might refer to said class and go to prove its extraction from the musty brains of long-toed poets and hen-pecked philosophers. And fortunately the realizations strode passing far beyond the fondest hopes. Just before every work in the entire kingdom of literary activity, excepting two Chinese folk-songs, had been scanned with the ut most diligence, a shout of triumph announced the glorious truth: Every Junior is the brilliant fulfillment of a bygone prediction. What an extraor dinary class which has found in the poets of all ages the heralds and recorders of its misdeeds. May it now be permitted to suffix the most characteristic prognostications of some of the old sages concerning the Junior collection. (It must be remarked that in several cases the original constructions were altered somewhat for the sake of clarity.) “Where there’s a lady in the case, All other things must needs give place.

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That is why our sole and celebrated virgin of Greek form and Latin terseness is to have the precedence. In the annals of Poland, a lumbering composition by the Polish writer, Kalter VVutzki, there is a little encomium on a friend of his which fits very nicely here by virtue of its not being out of place: “To look at your candy is pleasant enough, but to look at your Latin translation is delicious.” “And thereby hangs a tale.” “Hats off, here comes a genius!” This we must necessarily say when the second son of Xoah makes his entrance. His greatest achievement is the disintegrating of his head to ascertain whether it were bone or ivory. Be sides this “ ’Tis everywhere known that he squeaks Greek As naturally as pigs can speak. “Tliere is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow,” says Shake speare, but this truth does not hold good when Percy bites the dust. His brittle ensemble may best be vivified by quoting- bis nurse: “He ate and ate and so I stufifed it clown until at last he came to be, for length and breadth, the bigness which you see.” **As a rule life declines from tliirty-fivc,M yet we have a notable exception in our midst in tlu* person of Gustav von Renp, first brother of the Czars sister, whose unpresuniingf little muslache sprouts as red ancl crooked today, as it did when he was a lad of twenty-one. Gutzkc is without doubt tlic ablest connoisseur of the Dorian style today, lie also has an inkling of what good literature should not be, having recentl; written the beautiful lines: Unto you. Oh mouse, Aphrodite, who arc th smallest of all the wee ones in the watery kingdom, unto you shall come i the days of Milton (Paradise Regained)" the hugest empty Latin container that was ever filled with sixty-nines. “All small folk is a sore impediment in our way,” and still in the case of Conn Helmulh Bancl the prominence of liis individual organs (e. g., those of respiration) amply make up for the general shortage. Band’s story is a sad one and summed up in the few sad notes: “His only books were wom en's looks, and folly’s all they’ve taught him,” for lie has now determined to become a bachelor (until something turns up, of course). are confidentially as**Mighty hearts are held in slender chains.” So sured by Abbot's muse, The difference between this muse and a muse as one usually meets her, is that she incites Abbot to undertake frequent trips to the city of the setting sun on Mondays and other holidays when nothing Deter—s (instead of filling his upper regions witli strains of bad poetry). Koly experienced one of the greatest joys of his life while lying in the hospital with a broken collar-bone when a good percentage of Watertown’s young feminine population visited him, including Kock and Plocher. Other wise 'vlien in the seclusion of the basement creasing pants, Kola’s views coin cide with Gray's. He also says: “Where ignorance means kisses, ’tis folly to be wise.” . ， Hans Ott is at present dead to the outside world, being occupied in the maim facturing of an adequately adhesive glue through which he may be able to attach weights to the hirsuto-proj ections beneath his nose, which are very

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perverse and refuse to grow. A rather laborious and painful method, to be sure, but then “There is a pleasure in poetic pains which only poets know.” “Full many a flower is born to blush unseen And waste its smell upon the desert air.” Oh, what a blessing when this flower happens to be a skunk. Besides being a semi-naturalized member of the Horse-Nigger-Skunk Trinity, Bodie has lately won for himself the title: Chief Hero in the post-literary meeting romances. When considering Theo. Schlueter, another of our lesser giants, we must join in the doleful words of Moore’s lamentations: “O Freedom, once thy flame is fled, it never lights again.” Theodore, the unlucky chap, one day picked up a rare relic of some kind in the ancient town of Hustisford and now his business relations with the world in general have caused him to aban don all amusements (such as Latin and Greek) excepting the criticizing of German speeches. Far above all stands Rex, sometimes called the giraffe of the class. He plays winkum with Venus every night and reminds one of a trembling French sentinel on a tree-top, who thinks the growing blades of grass beneath are German bayonets. His greatest faults are his small feet and a too thorough knowledge of Greek, but Percy always takes his part by remarking in a commiserating tone: Don’t mind him, he was born that way. Krichbaum, alias Oiurchtree, the friend of steeples and tall spires, re cently broke his hind leg. But the reckless boy neglects all advice now that it is healed and indulges in his old occupation of dancing- Greek dances to the German tunes of a Latin writer. The only thing that we can really praise in him is that he has an uncontrolable aversion to butter, much to the delight and internal harm of his hungry messmates. Kocky, the hero of mittens and lemons, is a rapidly ascending star of oft-lamented dimness. His notable, world-renowned feat was to change phy sically and chemically a Latin grammar into chicken feed. His future is dark, however, for a fortune-teller has gathered the following from the crooked lines of force in his head (this is to go into effect five years from date of publication): “While thy wife’s mother lives expect no peace.” ’Tis sad, but true: “Some Cupid will kill with arrows and some with traps.” i “Come what come may, Time and the Hour run through the darkest Greek recitation.” This is Heinsz’s belief, and undoubtedly it is correct. Heinz is famed for his artistic decoration of the gym and for his splendid duties in ushering on the eve of the concert, having only stumbled over the chairs twice and stepped on another man’s toe once. We have now arrived at the door of Jack Johnson’s cousin thrice removed. Nigger maintains that he is white, but—“Can the Ethiopian change his spots or the leopard his stripes?” The only answer is: I guess not. Nigger is also a prolife writer, some of his best known works beingf, The difference between white and black wool (two pages) ; Marshal von Hindenburg (Ger. and Eng., three pages), and a poem, “Truly, I would the gods had made me poetical” (one-half page).

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The reason why such an all-absorbing topic as the Horse has not been treated before arises from the fact that our representative of that sturdy race was in the blacksmith shop all this while being shod and has just arrived now. Horse associates only with etchakated people. He has a finely devel oped talent for borrowing talcum powder from his friends and the bad habit of expectorating on himself when smoking. Plocher is a new acquisition to the venerable lot of ’17. He is all right, taken as a whole, but there is too much expression on his hands and, some even say, on his feet also. But “Comparisons，in this case, are odorous.” About the only thing that he does well is to set Greek vocables to music and to sing them while dreaming. He also wears a ring on the third finger of his left hand. As to Boley, let an honorable mention suffice, since he is but a business student. Shakespeare calls him fashion's slave and likens his heart to an apple-core. He is given rather much to the making and spending of fake paper-money and to the wearing of glass beads as a protection against being sliot，both bad habits in a young1 man. Otherwise he is a good chap. **Aiul now ends a noble song. Good night, sweet class-notes; And may flights of indulgent censors save thee for thy print.”

SOPHOMORE CLASS NOTES. Tell me, O Muse of the mountain of Kniep, of those sons of the muses who thy habitation do frequent to gather from thy eternal fountain with un dying pleasure a scallop-shell of bliss in language of the mortals yclept Kniep. Tell me of those astral beings in human mould who are more happy than a crowned monarcli who lords it on earth, if but that stream of wanton good ness doth not cease, if that golden essence of all things mundane, their one and only heritage of the glorious day of the Golden Age, is still ministered unto them, that is, in the harangue* of the English-speaking- atoms of this vast sublunar vault, if but the syrup-barrel does not run dry. Of these chimeras, O Muse of the Svrup Barrel, guardian of the dinner table, whensoever thou hast heard thereof, declare thou even unto us. —“Chuck” hoerte einmal jemanclen das Lied，“O lieb so lang du lieben kannst,M in der Aula vortragen. Und stracks ging er ’runter nach Bau -- -s Ice Cream Parlor! —Things that are impossible: That Matzke cease manipulating his 44 cm. “gun-spreader.” That Chuck become a misogynist. ， That Smoky relinguish his fondness for Kitties. That Choudy get in his possession what Chuck has conquered. That Schumacher be made to acknowledge that he couldn’t hit a toothpick at 10 yds. distance with a 49 cm. howitzer. That Chubby be prepared on the morning after the night before.

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That Luther M. Vohs become a basketball player. 一Why do Carl Schmidt’s clothes have such a distinctly malt-house-like odor when he comes home on Sunday night ? —The hardest thing to find—a joke on Tiinmel. But probably if we could print his picture here we would have------• 一Zimmermann: Ich kann nicht sehen, dass die Philosophers die weisesten Leute gewesen sind. Guck mich doch mal an, dann wirst du------• Ahem! —A cow was mooing hideously in the farmyard, says some music-loving occupant of Room 43: uMatzke is certainly getting there in singing.” Now, really, there is very little difference! —Who gets more ice-cream for a nickel at B------ns, Chuck or Choudy ? —Heinie is happy because he’s got the beginning and foundation of a library in two Sears, Roebuck catalogs! —No, Carl Schmidt doesn’t work down at the malt-house, even though he goes down that way ever so often during- the week. —Tanta Meyer—O sancta simplicitas! (Please pass the •) 一There are but four of them. They have no great dimensions. They are of a very sissy-like disposition, they bend the way the wind blows. They are most generally clad in white. Sometimes they are, and then again they are not. But if they are, they are four lonesome hairs flourishing on Duxe's chin. —Smokie Timmd always had some aspirations to be something some day. One of these was to be a virtuoso on the violin. Oh! says he, I have the talent, but I lack the instrument. So he scoured the entire Northern Hem isphere of the Western Continent and finally landed on a proposition that sounded good to him. He had somehow come in contact, that is via corre spondence, with an old coon down in one of the suburban barber-shops of Chicago, who had for sale a “heavenly violin, hundreds of years old, slightly worm-eaten, and used some time ago by the renowned Paganini.” So Timmel pays the exorbitant price of $6.75, express prepaid, for the slightly wormeaten violin. A few days later the instrument arrives. Hastily Timmel breaks open the box. Carefully he lifts the gem from the case. Lightly lie draws his bow over the strings. But no sound. Again he tries. And yet no sound. Becoming indignant Smokie examines the instrument and lo! the back of the violin was missing. And at the side there was a little tag attached, “In good condition, but slightly worm-eaten” ！一Class Motto: I wack butts. 傘

FRESHMAN CLASS NOTES. Wanted: Some one to hold Kocky’s notes. Mueller had his nervousness, Borchardt his geometry, and Abelmann his 一Schaetzchen.

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If you wish to become acquainted with somebody in Watertown, dear reader, see Kluck. Constant contact is his only reference. Tacke, the man who put the O. K. in Oshkosh, is practicing surgery. At present he is confined with tonsilitis. Kocky and Bulldog are on the outs. Bulldog took Kocky’s fair affinity. If bulldogs wouldn’t bite, Kocky would have his revenge. Alas! The basketball season is over. We really would have liked to have won a game. Our menagerie now consists of a polly, a bulldog, a kluck and a cock with Dad as keeper. Mueller is our representative on the bowling alleys. He never misses a game. All his games are won on pins, tho’. Jankc is at present engrossed in the mechanism of wireless telegraphy. His only weak point is: Did the man who discovered it get a shock ? Louie (to professor reading standings from last exam): Signals over, please. Bring your law suits to “Wap.’ Our venerable Pete is composing psalms and dramas while hearkening to the music of Sprocsscr^ victrolas. Doc has proposed—the Company get new guns. Bulldog to Jap: “Why don’t you get some basketball signals, so we win a game, too?” "Jap: "Aw. what do you think I am? I won’t get second-hand to the other captains.'* Der Scliumaclier verdient gut. “O dass doch meine Jungens Schumacher waren. “1st Louie wirklich auf die Ja^fd gegangen?” *ich weiss niclit. aber cr ging zu der Jaeger Haus.” Give Ave his Rundschau. Siegler made the ski tournament famous by breaking his big toe there. Tn conclusion we wish to say That we’ve left the rest away. “DAD.” Tis a little thing To give a cup of water; yet its draught Of cool refreshment, drained by feverish lips, May give a shock of pleasure to the frame More exquisite than when nectarean juice Renews the life of joy in happiest hours. 一Talfourd. Into each life some rain must fall, Some days must be dark and dreary. —Longfellow.

ATHLETICS

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BASKET BALL. With the games on February 23 our basketball season came to a close. The position of the teams as reported in the last number was not changed a particle by the remaining five games of each team. The Seniors, who had things coming entirely their way, failed to show lip as well in the last fc'v games as in the first half of the season. Their hopes of finishing the season with a percentage of 1000 were shattered on February 29, when the Sopho mores defeated them by the score of 31 to 29. A defeat often serves to urge a team to try a little harder; however, this does not seem to have been the case with the ’16 ball tossers, for they lost the next to the Juniors, 27 to 22. The Juniors, with two of their last year’s men not in the lineup, did not have an altogether successful season. They started out by losing to the Seniors and winning from the Freshies. Then they were beaten by the Sophs, and Seniors, etc. Out of the four games they had with each team they won one from the Seniors and Juniors each and all four from the Freshmen. The Sophomores had a better season this year than in their Freshman year. From last place, which they held last season, they crawled into second place. They showed the biggest improvement of any of the teams over the 1915 season. They took a game from the Seniors, three from the Juniors, and four from the Freshmen. With the last mentioned team we have the deepest cornmiseration. The Freshies labored and labored incessantly to Will some of their games, but it was all of no avail, since Fortune had decreed that they should lose every last one of the dozen games. The showing of the *19 team c^n partly be excused on account of their inexperience and stage fright, since this was the first year in which the class of ’19 was represented by a basketball team. We all expect greater things of them next year, as does also their class.

L THE BLACK AND BED.

385

The best teamwork was displayed by the Senior aggregation. There was very little individual work, which can be seen from the tabulated individual scores of their two forwards and their center, and the passing was almost perfect. The signals and plays most of the time worked just like a clock. The Juniors showed fair team work, but they were sorely handicapped by their inability to shoot baskets and this is one of the main reasons why they could not get into second place. Time and again they would work the ball down to the basket only to miss at the throw for a goal. The teamwork of the Sophomores was about on a par with that of the Juniors and probably a trifle better, but they were not handicapped in the line of basket shooters. Three of their men did nearly all their scoring and one of these came pretty close to scoring： half of the total number of points scored by the whole team. Of the Freshies we can again not say much. At times they made spurts for five or ten minutes at a time, holding their opponents or keeping- pace with them in scoring; nevertheless, it was impossible for them to hold the enemy for the entire game. Team work and good basketshooting was in evidence only at times and as has been said before, this is due mostly to inexperience.

} -；

^INDIVIDUAL STANDING OF THE VARIOUS PLAYERS.

I8 I9 II

I I2I I

2.2

91 700319703

2. 2.

26 97

30 22 I9 I0

.6 .08 -S5 .35 .67 .25 .64 IO .69 .44 .09 I0. .57 8. 29 .2I 7- .5 -09 67 6. 67 6. 50 4. 44 4- 24 4332.

FoU1

I 2I90

5 I13121 I

50 35 29 32 24 30 4I 42 34 20

I I

I00I OO0I600000I0

ve I56 I57 I35 I27 I22 I28 I23 95

2 0

TotaI

31 27

45I 95

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12 11

I6 I2 I5 2O I7 IO

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17 ，I9

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5 4 5 5 79

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78 63 54 62 60 64 43 47

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C. 1. Duxe . F.&C. 2. Gutzke F. 3. Eickmann E. 4. Vollmcrs Froelilkc..............C.&G. F. 6. B. Lange F. 7. E. Lange G. 8. H. Brandt C, 9. Vohs__ 10. Gruendemann__ C.&F. F. 11. Mueller … F. 12. Hannemann G. 13. Westendorf G. 14. Zank......... F. 15. Kolander .. 16. Bodamer..............G.&F. 17. F. Brandt............ F.&G. 18. Naumann .................. G. 19. Abelmann............G.&F. 20. Schlueter.................... F. C. 21. Tacke G. 22. Lau • 23 .Lehmann............. F.&G. G, 24. Meier

e m

Position. Class

02II022I ITIIIIII

Player.

THE BLACK AlfD BED.

386 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Zeisler___ Fuhlbrigge Binhammer W. Retzlaff Sievert__

G. G.

’18 ’16

G C G

’i7

17 ’19

o o o o o

ioj4

o o o

Senior ... Sophomre Junior .. Freshman

Goals.

Free Throws.

i.27

4 oo

OO 00

o o o

TEAM AVERAGES. Team,

Total Points.

Average.

44.75

252 213

33 37

537 463

144 72

320

38.58 26.67

175

14.58

Won, 6

2 46

Senior … Sophomore Junior … Freshman

Lost,

3 8 Fouls.

86 79 77

Percent.

.833 .667 :^

♦Compiled by Cl. F. Fuelling, 516, official scorer.

For all right judgment of any man or thing it is useful, nay, essential, to all his good qualities before pronouncing on his bad ones.—Carlyle.

Cowards are cruel, but the brave Lc3ve mercy and delight to save. —Gay.

Adversity is sometimes hard upon man; but for one man who can stand prosperity there are a hundred that will stand adversity.—Carlyle.

—The baseball morning is dawning. 拿

本

番：

拿

—Fruhlingszeit, schonste Zeit, Weil’s im Friihling nicht mehr schneit, Auch die Schneeballe nicht fliegen, Und dann nur im Schmutz kann liegen. ♦

一Prep, on Washington's birthday: “How many volumes are they going to shoot this morning?” 傘*

寧

—Chuck has two faithful friends, the dentist and the pass. — •

眷

•

—Usher: 44Mister, were you trying to catch that Pennsylvania train ?n Gentleman: “No, my son, I was merely chasing it out of the yard.” • _ • • —First Student: “Wliat are you doing now ?’’ Second Student: “Oh, I write for a living.” First Student: “Newspapers or magazines?” Second Student: “No, I am writing home.” • • • • 一Prof.: “What is the liberty bell ?” Student: “The bell at the end of the sixth recitation.” —Susie, from the city and seeing honey on the table: “Auntie, do you keep a bee?” 傘

—Aus einem Aufsatze: “Eine kleine weisse Hand offnete die Tur und schrie auf, als sie Arthur sah/* •海喻 —“Look here!” said an excited man to a druggist. “You gave me mor phine for quinine this morning! ” “Is that so?” replied the druggist. “Then you owe me twenty-five cents.”一Ex.

388

THE BLACK AND BED.

一Boarder: “That new maid of yoiurs seems very nice and quiet.” Manager: “Yes, she is very quiet. She does not even disturb the dust when she is cleaning the room.” —“Do you think the food in this restaurant is wholesome ?M “Maybe, but the priecs are sickening.” * * * # —Prof.: “What is a paradox ? 'Give an example.” Student: “A subway is a paradox; for it is an addition to the city and at the same time a subtraction.” *

—Unteroffizier: “Was sind Sie eigentlich ?” Soldat: “Maler.” Unteroffizier: “Na, dann konnen wir Sie ja bei der Loffelgarde zum Kaffeemablen anstdlen.” • • * # 一Mistress: “Why have you put two hot-water bottles in my bed, Bridget?” Bridget: “Sure，mum, one of them was leaking, and I did not know which, so 1 put both in to make sure. 一“Are you laughing at me?” demanded tile professor sternly of his class. “Oh, no, sir,” came the reply in chorus. “Then，” asked the professor even more grimly, “'vhat else is there in the room to laugh at?”一Ex. • • • • 一“I sec you have your arm in a sling，” said the inquisitive passenger. “Broken, isn’t it?” “Yes, sir，’’ responded the other passenger. “Met with an accident?” “No, broke it while trying to pat myself on the back.” “What for?” “For minding my own business.” *

本

一Herr Bausemeyer，der eine tiichtigc Ohrfeigc erhallen hat: “Hdrcn Sie, Herr Dausemeyer, war das im Spass oder Ernst gemeint ?’’ Herr Dausemeyer: “Gewiss im 仓rnst.” Herr Bausemeycr: “Na, dann ist，s gut, denn solchen Spass verstehe ich nicht!” 本

—If I go to class And am prepared Then no question is put to me, But if it happens sometimes That I am not prepared, Then the profs, always call on me.

THE BLACK AND BED.

389

一Mrs. Newlywed (over telephone): “You can just come and get your dried-up grapes! I ordered raisins. You can’t fool me!’’一Ex. • • • • 一Teacher: “Wliat animal is satisfied with the least nourishment?” Student: “The moth，- it eats nothing but holes.” —Politician: “We are drifting toward a paternal form of government.” Suffragette: “Pardon me if I correct you, to be accurate, you should say, a maternal form of government.” * * * 一Kundc: “Haben Sie micli niclit auch letztes Mai rasiert?” Barbiergehilfe: “Jawohl.” Kunde: “Dann chloroformieren Sie micli, bitte.” —“Well, you are smoking, don’t you know the rules?” Student: “I am not smoking.,> “But you have a pipe in your mouth.” Student: “Sure, I have shoes on my feet also, and I am not walking at present.” —My friends, if I ever did provoke Your anger, think it was a joke; My intention was that once in a while, As you read this column you should smile. I shall not any more your sorrows expel, 1 thank all my readers and say farewell!

INDEX TO VOLUME XIX. 22, 102, 134, l6l Alumni............................................. America’s Call to Youthful America 87 2 An Allegory.............................. . 212 A Tale of Christmas Woe and Joy 29, 65, 113, 141，170, 197, 242, 285, 317,384 Athletics...................... 233 As Others See Us....... 220 A Stocking Tale......... 22, 66, 112, 133, 161, 188, 229, 278, 306, 367 Aus dem Seminar....... 31, 70, 119, 143. m 203, 245, 287, 321, 387 Campus and Classroom 208 Christmas................... 207 Christmas Bells, Poem 210 Chlodewech............. Cinquantaine, Poem .. 75 College Notes............. 19, 57, 99, 130, 187, 228, 273, 301，363 249 Conrad Weiser......... Dancing Leaves, Poem 39 Das Monchtum im Friihen Mittelalter 152 De Rebus Omnibus................... 25, 62, no, 137, 165, 193, 236, 281, 3J5, 371 267 Die Mission Unter den Eskimos 6 Deutsche Kriegslyrik............... Deutscher Militarismus........... ............................................................336 Editorials................................... Hi 52, 95> I28, 158, 184, 226, 271, 297, 357 Einer Mutter Fiirsorge............. 292 Einiges Ueber Hagen im Niebelungenlied 179 Ein Unerwarteter Besuch....................... 49 Exchanges................. 22, 60, 107, 135, 163, 190, 230, 279, 308, 368 Fordville vs. Creekton ............................................................353 ......... .. German Militarism ... 175 German Militarism or English Maritinism 149 Herkimer................................... , 338 In Memoriam, Poem................. 73 Locals....................................... 27, 68, 112,139,168, 195, 239, 283, 311, 373 Lost and Found............... 148 Marschal Paul von Hinderburg1 290 Max Piccolomini ..................... , 341

May, Poem..................

: THE BLACK AND BED.

391

Memories..................................................................................................... . 36 Musical Organizations................................................................................ 104 Nationality in Music.................................................................................... Obituary........................................................................................................ Ralph Nickleby......................................... .................................................. 46 Resolved, That Woman Suffrage Be......................................................... , 332 Russian Civilization：.................................................................................... 123 Seine Freiheit............................................................................................ Shelomith, Poem ....................................................................................... 76 Sic semper Editoribus, Poem...................................................................... ,, 326 Summer, Poem........................................................................................... 94 1 The Beginning........................................................................................... The Critic.................................................... ............................................. , 351 The Haunted Church................................................................................. 3 The Inventor of the Zeppelins.................................................................... 41 The Massacre of the Night of St. Bartholomew....................................... 216 The Pleasures of an Imagination, Poem.................................................... 45 The Services of the German Women During the War............................. 258 The Significance of Charles I. in the Development of the English Consti 42 tution...................................................................................................... Things That Have Been............................................................................. ,330 Undank ist nicht inimer der Welt Lohn.................................................... 125 90 Vergiss nicht, class du ein Deutscher bist.................................................. What I Have Seen in Russia..................................................................... 253 Wooing1 Under Difficulties......................................................................... 261 Zum Jubilaumsfeste unserer Alma Mater, Poem........................................ 90 Zur Jahrcswende, Poem............................................................................... 224 Reinhold C. Budewite

Edwin L Budewitz

CITY

Dry Gleaning WORKS Cleaning, Pressing， Repairing, Dyeing

We deliver to all parts of the city.

phone

274-Y

4O6 Main St.

PRINTERS OF THIS MAGAZINE

klttb 扣Ip t|UB ^tmbUd us tn iBBur tbr MSlatk attb 祖必“ mtaUjrr ytar.

Sincere Clear Through Clothes for the “regular” manthafs the make of gar ments that interests you men who amount to something. You want clothes that not only look “the goods,” but honestly are all they look to be.

SINCERITY CLOTHES Youfre a wise bird if you can tell good clothes by their outside appearance. There’s many a poor suit palmed off un der the mantle of “good looks.” Come in and make your selection from clothes that are really sincere and better values ，than any other clothes made.

$15.00 to $28.00

W__rte_rCo. Corner Main & Third Streets

iEttgrabtttg OI0. Artiata Sttgrabfra

T^txnUvB The most efficient ana complete Engraving and Printing Plant In Wisconsin 116 MICHIGAN ST.

PHONES: MAIH 1646 OR 2777

MILWAUKEE

WILLIAM GEHRKE DRUGGIST Saccvssor to R. H. Brennecke

315 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

TELEPHONE 46-X

Bert C. Froemming EAST END BARBER SHOP. 602 Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

T.RA. 5c CIGAR THREE SIZES

Fine Havana Filler V^ICCENHORN BROS. CO.

A. WIGGENHORN 8c SON

JEWELERS

FINE WATCH REPAIRING Watertown, WUconiln

Phone 465-Y

105 Main Street ä¸¨

The Princess Confectionery GEORGE SPYROS, Proprietor

Tee Cream, eanaie$ and 0igar$ WATERTOWN, WIS.

v-4

Men’s Spring Fashions and “DRESS-UP，，WEEK for you. Well, gentlemen, this is your time; you ought to enjoy it

“Dress up week” was invented to start you right on the new season, and to remind you that maybe you need some new clothes. Lots of the men in this town are acting on this new idea, and standards are going to be pretty high. To be posted right you'll want to see what we have in Hart Schaffner & Marx clothes. These are the best of all, we know, they show the new models,the new materials, the new features and ideas; fresh, lively, l spirited spring fashions that are right for men of all ages.

HERTEL & HOFFMANN MAIN STREET

107^109

To Secure THE BEST AND AT

Most Reasonable Prices Place Your Uniform Order With Us We also make

College Goods and Caps—Flags, Banners, Penants and other College Novoltio^_ SEND FOR CATALOG

The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co. CINCINNATI Ask the Boys who

Wearing Our Ualforma

I:：

George Zoelle’s Barber $bop Right Across from the Postoffice

STUDENTS:

deposit your funds with this bank and make all payments by check. No matter how small—your account will receive careful attention.

BANK OF WATERTOWN 5EIje

步?wtk in 孤nieriaton%

“THE BEST AMERICAN MAKE”

THE HennanL VOIGT BARBER WILDROOT GOOD DANDRUFF REMOVER Watertown, Wi». 119 W«tt Main St.

“THE JUNIATA” WM. SCHIMMEL & SON Carry a full line of

CIGARS, TOBACCO AND WESOUCd YOUKPATKONJIGE

PIPES

204 WEST MAIN STRUT

GANN CORNER DRUG CO； 101 M SM, Watertown, Wis.

We c ordially solicit a share of your patronage. We carry a complete____ e line of Drugs, Medicines, Cigars, Stationery and all goods found in a first-class Drug Store. Cameras, Films to fit all makes, and other Photo Supplies. Give as a call. Yours truly, GAMM CORNER DRUG CO.

Needless Risk Your house, household goods, horses, cattle, grain and auto are —— subject to loss by fire, lightning and windstorm. Insure them now in tlie Strongest Insurance Companies REPRESENTED BY

Fred Siegler, Agent FARMERS AND CITIZENS BANK

a nA

T^onccLstei^

ARROW COLLAR 2 for 25c

duett, Peabody & Co” Inc” Mukera

DRS. A. & F. SCHLUETER DENTISTS Watertown, Wls.

313 Main Street We Recommend

W. D. SPROESSER GO.

“BOSTONIAN，，

JEWELERS

SHOES FOR MEN.

Leo Ruesch 210 West Main Street.

Smoke Home Comer, Limit and Advance 5 CENT CIGARS AND

O N AR I TA 10 CENT CIGAR

Sonnemann & Amann

0. F. KURZWEG DEALER IN

FINE BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS. Please Give Us a Trial We Try to Give Satisfaction

402 Main St.

Pianos and Victor Victrolas A large Stock of Records con stantly on hand.

’Phone No. 259-Y

111 Hain St.

Watertown, Wis.

New Method Laundry

DIETER & ULLRICH, Prop. 218 First Street

'Phone 81-Y

Give your Laundry to

GUSTAV SCHLEGEL, Manager STUDENTS LAUNDRY AGENCY

OWEN，S DRUG STORE

412 MAIN STREET NEAR CORNER OF FIFTH

Agents for Seneca Cameras and Photographic Supplies

DR. E. J. HOERMANN

DENTIST Over Wiggenhom’s Jewelry Store Entrance on First Street

COR. FIRST and MAIN STREETS

Telephone No. 258

FIRST CLASS WORK

R. P. KOENIG & CO.

Finest Grade* HARD WHEAT, WINTER WHEAT AND RYE FLOURS

_ Block “Cbe Barber”

115 Third Street

Watertown, Wis.

Better Service! Better duality! Most for your money should be your aim in 1916. You will get all this at

Bentziifs t Grocery Phone 214-X

905 Main St.

QUALITY AND SERVICE OUR HOBBY

Dr. T. 0. Abelmann PHYSICIAN and SURGEON Evenings, 7 to 8 p. m.

Office Hours:—12:30 to 3 p. m. Sundays bj Appointment. Office and Residence:

Watertown, Wis.

500 Second Street IF IT，S

C. ^^xt\xzx^

INSURANCE

TEACHER OF

See H. P, BAHR Eargest Jfgettcy in City Phone 268-X Watertown, Wis. Masonic Temple

BITTNER & TETZLAFF “PRESCRIPTION DRUGGISTS” “77ie Rexall Store” Watertown, Wis.

203 Main Street,

^Lnx\

^xxhmtk DciJ«r in

RELIABLE FURNITURE UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER

Private Chapel Up-to-D«te Equipment 313 MAIN STREET

p.系

Phone 54-X

Res.1 Phone 51-X

0tudia 109 ISain 射.ali|lrd ^ioat HBRTEL & HOFFMANN BUILDING

Watertown’s Leading

Furniture Store

F. G. KECK & CO. 110-112 Main Street. You will find a complete line of FR.UITS of all kinds in season at

John E. Heismann CASH GROCER 115 MAIN STREET

TELEPHONE 62

The QuicK=Stepping College Man will find more real fun in wearing Collegian Clothes than he has ever experienced in any clothes. These “natty” garments are shaped along bold lines and the fabrics sparkle with life. Whether it’s a suit or overcoat, tone prevails. Don't think for a minute that you have seen or worn styles bright as the Collegian styles, for you haven't. You'll realize as it the moment you see them.

Iff•獅 _T^S_ C®. <^frSrowH.'Wis^ FRED E. MAASS DEALER IN

Staple and Fancy Groceries and School Supplies

Watertown, Wis.

605 Main St.

THE BLACK and RED CIGAR NOW LEADS，EM ALL

Schlueter Bros. Watertown, WU.

105 Main Street

Patronize Black and Red Advertisers WE WILL TREAT YOU RIGHT

Barker Lumber & Fuel Co. LUMBER BUILDING MATERIAL. DEALERS IN

AND ALL KINDS OF

RE-SCREENED COAL

FIRST STREET

Telephone 86

WATERTOWN, WIS.

EVERYTHING in POCKET CUTLERY and RAZORS. Examine our Line befor buying

You get a quick satisfactory painless shave with a

WISS GUARANTEED

D.& r. Kusel Co. 108.110-112 W. Main St.

Cbe Store of Quality

RAZOR Price $1.50 to $3.50

WM. G. PRIIZLAFF CO. 307 Main St.

Denninger’s Ground-Floor Studio 312 Main St.

Tk« PUct of Quality

TcUphono 155-Y

Walter A. Krahmer :WHOLESALE

Bakery and Confectionery 114 W. Main St.

Watertown, Wis.

C. B_r，s

Ittt

FRESH AND SALT MEATS SAUSAGE, ETC. Telephone 272-Y

112 Second St.

BAUMANN’S Home-Made Candies, Ice

Watertown Photo Co. MEYER，S GALLERY 114 Third St. A STUDIO THAT ALWAYS PLEASES

Cream and Sodas.

200 W. Mala St.

Phone 92-X

A TRIAL WILL CONVINCE YOU THAT OUR STYLES ARE ALWAYS UP TO THE|MIN(JTE.

I Wm. Gorder Co. 13 £

COAL，WOOD, COKE， SEWER PIPE AND

£ £

BUILDING MATERIAL Telephone 33-1R

608 Main Street

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 _

Tiiuiuttuuiuiuauuuuiuuiuauuauuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiu^3 One robin may not make the Springtime but there is no disputing the fadl that our announcement of

^Kuppenheimer Gloihes —for一 —

Spring and Summer 1916 comes pretty near sounding the finish of all the worn and wearied winter wearables, likewise it signals the continuance of greater value-giving to men who appreciate quality and seek it with an eye to economy.

$18.50, $20.00 $22.50, S25.00.

H. T. EBERLE，Druggist

204 Main Street Carries Kodaks and all necessary Supplies also handles the Parker Fountain Pen's ■V

Geo. W. Spolin 215 MAIN STREET Headquarters for

Mens FineSlinPg Wc are now showing our New Spring styles at the lowest prices. Try our prompt Repair Work for service, quality and finish.

Watertown’s Exclusive

CROCKERY

STORE

AUG. GAMM CROCKERY GO. 400 Main Stre〆

Get them at

STUEBE FLORAL GO.

EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECTACLES AND EYE GLASSES SCIENTIFICALLY FITTED Hours： 9 ：30 to Sl:30 a.m.| f:30 to4p.m-i 7 to 8 Wednuday and Saturday crcnlnfa Sund暴71, |0 to 1( a. Ttlcphonc 305-Y Office, Hcrtcl & Hoffman Bldg. Watcrtowni Wia

€ba$. % Salick

BASE BALL, TENNIS and all other kinds of

SPORTING GOODS land 3 MAIN ST.

AT THE BRIDGE

Any One

will be brighter and healthier if all the Groceries used are purchased at our store. Our goods are always fresh and they are handled and kept m the most cleanly manner. Good Groceries need not cost more than the poor sort • We can prove this to your satisfaction.

FRED BITTNER， 501-3 N. FOURTHST.

UP-TO-DATE

老 a 與—

for EASTER GREETINGS

Practice limited to

Easter Lilies， Roses，Carna tions, Sweet I Peas, Violets， Pansies，Mig nonette and Lily of the Valley

E. H. COOK，M. D.

--£

GROCEK

*>H0NE 135-Y

讓 a

“Classy” New Boots 'J'HE shoe illustrated herewith is one of the 、many new models we are now displaying for spring wear. They are strikingly handsome and "different,” with graceful Louis Cuban heels and welt soles.

A new feature is the novel foxing and stitching.

£ l

We advise selection now while the assortment is most complete.

A. KALIEBE GUARANTEED MERCHANDISE WE SELL

616 MAIN STREET

PICTURES FRAMED

IS ALL

RIGHT UP TO THE MINUTE

If you haven't used our goods it’s time you did. Get that feeling of satisfaction that you are entitled to.

The best Variety of PICTURE FRAME Moulding in the City

Football-Basket Ball Base Ball equipment Sweaters-Skates-Jerseys

College Athletic Supply Go. No, 5 ^ 7 Well* St.

Milwaukee, Wis. Get our catalog

Give us a trial We sure can please you

Chas. Heismann 108 THIRD STREET

TABLE OF CONTENTS Farewell bv the Staft'of Vol. xix… Literary: P*>eru: Sic Semper Editoril)tis__ 32G Story: Things That Have B«*n 330 'Story: Resolved, That Woman Sufr;ige He —.___ ___ _____ —________ 抑2 Ivasav: Dculschcr Militarismtis.____ Essay: General Herkciuicr__________ Kssav: -Max Piccolomini...._______ 341 Essav: Nationality in Music_______ 3*16 Hssay: The Critic_________________ 351 Story: Ford vi Ur vs. Creek ton.............. 353 Editurials The \o\. .MX Bids You Fare!wcll............ ..... ...................... ... .............: 357 Why?.................... ...................................... 3C8 Patronize Your Advertisers........... —339 ?itiO The Fool................ . …361 Americanism--------M63 College Notes------------367 A«s deni Seminar-------308 Ex<*hatTgcs:..................... :: De Rebus Omnibus 371 Submarine Warfare 372 A Cabinet change. . 373 Locals.......... .................... Class Notes................. Seniors ...................... Juniors........ .............. Sophomores：.......... . Freshman-------------I

Athletics............ ......... — Campus and Classroom. Index to'Vol. XIX

375 375 .377 381 382 S84 387

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