1963-1964 NWC The Black and Red Vol. 67 by Martin Luther College

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CONTENTS EDITORIAL ...................................

R. C............................

Westward Ho, ’63 ..................

.Wm. A. Meier, ’63

Fime ...........................................

.Wayne Mueller .....

The Joe College Survey ........

J. L.

The Editorial Cartoon ..........

.L. S.

History Forgotten ...................

,G. Lemke ..............

The Enemy...............................

.Paul Ziemer, ’66 .

Trine ..........................................

.Wayne Mueller ...

Spring .......................................

.Roland Ehlke, ’66

Sarcasm *1 or Diversion -6

.John Trapp .........

Aspiration #5 .........................

.John Trapp .........

NEWS ...........................................

..A. W.......................

ALUMNI NOTES ......................

CAMPUS & CLASSROOM ......

SPORTS,........................................

CAMPUS CALENDAR .............

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ........ ......................... Editor Lynn Schroeder -------......... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm ____ .......... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS ... Campus & Classroom John Baumgart........ ........................Alumni David Gosdeck ........ Karl Peterson .......... .......................... Sports Fred Fedke ............... ____ _-________ Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz .............. .......... Business Manager ..... Advertising Manager Paul Kelm ................... ..... Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt -----ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MAHER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

May 1963 COVER BY FRED FEDKE PICTURES BY GERALD GEIGER

No. 1

frcUlnhial T here is a maxim which says that the • more a man is educated the more he be comes aware of how little he knows. It is a fairly common maxim, and I think it would be safe to say that almost every child hears it already in grade school. When the grade school pupil hears it, however, he docs not understand it. If he believes it at all, he does so only on the authoritv of his teacher. How could he understand? He knows quite a bit al ready, and education has only begun. He can tell the names of various trees like the eh aple, and cedar, he reads and write ' well, and he knows that the Indian?. ore warlike fellows who liked nolhi more than to scalp white men. Obvi v with a little more educa tion he will know nearly everything there is to know ; nd who says that he won’t be aware of it In high school our young man begins to understand. Indeed he has probably doubled or tripled his knowledge since hearing the maxim, but how much more remains to be learned! The trees he knew so well turn out to be performing such pro cesses as photosynthesis, osmosis, and cross pollination. His reading ability now looks like a joke when compared to the words-per-minute of understood material that some people are reading, and his writ ing style could definitely be improved. Many of his belligerent Indians are in re ality peace loving rug makers or salmon fishermen. Four ensuing years of collegiate study add stature to his education, but once again a deeper understanding of the grade school maxim follows. In a philosophy course he learns that the reality of the tree, in the eyes of Plato, lies in the idea of the tree. But then again Democritus said that the reality is in the atoms, which

theory Hans Driesch modifies by adding the non-material Entelechy. Leibniz, however, combines the two entities and calls the resulting Monads the reality of the tree. When he studies logic and reads various argumentative essays he finds that the very words that he has been striving to handle with greater effectiveness are in themselves objects of controversy and con fusion. What is their real meaning? Do they have meaning at all, or do they sim ply mean what the reader would have them mean? The American Indian now be comes the basis for a study of a progres sion (or is it retrogression?) of a civiliza tion whose origin and history is extremely vague. It is not without significance that a great portion of the material that he now encounters is in the form of a question. Even that old elm tree that stands in the front yard back home that he knew from top to bottom a few years ago is now shaped like a question mark. The maxim was right. The little that he knows has become dubious (or “relative,” if you will). He has become educated. But now let our young man take heed before it is too late. As a Christian he knows that all is not relative. There is a clear bell that pierces the dense fog of human learning and can keep him on the true course. That bell is Holy Scripture. Its Truth alone is divinely revealed and therefore absolute. Prayerful Bible study will tell him what he is to accept uncon ditionally, what he is to reject, and what may be the basis of speculation. And as the fog of human learning becomes more and more dense through education, he must stear ever closer to this bell, if he will not lose himself in the sea of the world. r. c. 1

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WESTWARD HO, '63 swerving into the other lane to avoid it. The only immediate damage was a hole in the gas tank. This was promptly plugged with a piece of Kermit’s Dentyne gum. It held for thirty-five miles until we found two brothers in Lavell, Wyoming, who vol unteered to solder it. They did good work for a very reasonable price ($3.50) and before long we were in Montana. It took all night to drive through it and the only sight we saw was the city of Butte from the mountains about 1,000 ft. above it. Soon after daybreak on Friday we got on to the Lewis and Clark Highway. The first thirty-five miles were as rough as the origi nal trail because of road construction, but after that, roads, scenery, and the course of the Lochsaw River provided probably the most interesting drive of the whole trip. At noon Friday we left Idaho and angled through Washington 'be Columf the river bia River. The Oregon sid proved more scenic. Here 11 hundred foot Multnomah Falls clima ihe drive. Just after dark on Friday ired group sliigton acrossed the Columbia into gain and drove to Camas ore Kent us up for Schroeder has an uncle wi the night. Sleeping bags hi . heir house, . he night’s but everyone really enjoy sleep indoors after fifty-si. !v rs on the road. Saturday morning wj toured the Crown Zellerbach paper mill. After the third big home-cooked meal at Camas, the two cars pulled out for Portland. Pastor Habben, Kermit’s uncle, took us on a guided tour of Portland during the afternoon. When we got back to his home, he worked on his sermon while we, at his request, attempted to mold ourselves into a choir and prepare a hymn for the next morning’s service. We attended Easter Sunday service in a condemned club house in the suburbs of Portland. The message was the same joyous pronouncement of the risen Christ that was heard in all our churches. By the end of the year this mis sion congregation hopes to have its own place of worship. During the service Pas tor Habben called on us to sing. The mes sage of “I Know That My Redeemer Lives” came through even though our three-part singing was a little dissonant at times. Af ter a feast at the parsonage the cry was

Wednesday, April 10, eight veterans last year’s Arizona-Mexico trip, Larry Cross, Kent Schroeder, Bill Goehring, Kerm Habben, Dan Pautz, Steve Stem, Richy Ohlman, and yours truly plus two new men, Art Valerio and Neil Hansen, all hopeful graduates this spring, embarked on a bigger and better expedition. The plans called for making a loop nearly 6,000 miles long through the West. By Wednes day evening the group was as far as San born, Minnesota, and ready for its first meal. The Sterns and Goehrings came through in fine style, and when we left, both cars were weighted down more than ever. Raymond, South Dakota, a cold and rainy place early Thursday morning, was the second stop. Kermit’s parents were waiting up for us with sandwiches and coffee. Most were easily devoured and with the rest stacked in the bulging trunks the cry once again rang clear: Immer Westward! Soon after daylight the weird and desolate Badlands showed themselves. What a demonstration of wind and rain erosion 1 By noon we had seen Mt. Rushmore and were on our way westward out of the Black Hills. As our group moved through this area, the sandwiches and cookies which our “Wisconsin Mothers As sociation” had packed were finished off. Here the two-way radio system which Art Valerio acquired for the trip had its first real use. The lead car would have missed the Devil's Tower, thirty miles distant, if the sharp eyes of the passengers in the second car hadn’t spotted it and transmit ted the news ahead. The radio system was also very useful at night when the men riding “shot gun” in both cars called each other every half hour to keep the pilots and themselves alert. Route changes and city driving were also facilitated by main taining constant contact in troublesome areas. By mid-afternoon the mighty, snow capped Big Horn Mountains could be seen on the horizon. What a climb! The beauty of God’s creation is magnificent and stun ning when so much can be seen from one place. As the lead car curved its way down the western slope, we experienced our first car trouble. Art Valerio, driving his own car, ran over a rock rather than n

heard once more: “Immer Westward.” The last seventy miles to the ocean seemed like the longest, but the sight of the Pacific was worth the wait. Gale-force winds were blowing up tremendous waves and smash ing them against the rocks. Later in the afternoon we left the ocean and went in land to a better highway for night driving. We left Oregon and Northern California behind during the night and when the sun came up Monday morning we were only fifty miles from San Francisco. The red wood trees, the Golden Gate Bridge, Fisher man’s Wharf, China Town, and the steep, steep streets were the main attractions that we took in. Late Monday afternoon Yosemite Falls made the falls in Oregon seem pretty small. These falls crash down 3/7 of a mile. What more can one say? Soon after nightfall our caravan, once again tired and ready for “sackage,” threw out the bags near Fresno. It was only forty degrees by morning and as soon as the fire was going, e « one was ready to get up. By seven oY the cars were aimed to General Sherman Tree, ward Sequo: a stalwart nice feet across at the base, looked he more impressive with its snowy bi. and. As we descended, we saw a c\ wise in the road unable to get up ti grade. It worked much better with ; ; an-power. The five passengers in i ad car also saw a brown bear, but it . gone before the second car could se^ i . By nightfall the lights of Las Vegas could be seen. After making camp at a Lake Mead recreation area, both cars were city-bound. Until mid-night we just walked around Casino Center and tried to figure out what motivated people to sit there and mechanically pull the arms of the “onearm bandits.” After mid-night we cruised the Strip and saw a Martin Denny lounge show at the Sands. Fabulous! Our sleepy group left Vegas, bound for Hoover Dam, on Wednesday morning. The dam and its machinery were explained by

a guide. By noon the cars were Utahbound right on schedule as set up by co ordinator Habben and his self-appointed assistant Kent Schroeder. By late after noon we entered one of the Mormon State’s major attractions, Zion Park. We then came into contact with our snow problem. The park ranger informed us that Bryce and central Utah were blanketed with snow. At a short meeting of the entire group it was decided that our best move would be to head south out of the snow and cold. Between Zion Park and Flagstaff, Arizona, we encountered a mile-long tun nel and the new dam being constructed at Page. Large flood lights lit the whole can yon at the Glenn Canyon dam site and work continued through the night. At Flagstaff it took just one phone call to get lodging for the night. The Sunday School room of our church there was converted to a bed room in no time. Thursday momning Pastor Hartmann and his wife had breakfast waiting when we got up. Forti fied with eggs and toast both cars took to the roads once again, now heading to ward Apache land. The boys’ dorm there served as our home on Thursday evening as it did a year ago. The Apache High School boys took up our challenge to a basketball game earlier in the evening. Af ter a slow start N. W. C., led by the fine shooting of Kermit, managed to come back. After a half day of sight-seeing we started for Nebraska. Twenty-two hours later we were in sunny Grand Island, Nebraska, at the home of Larry Cross. His basement was our home for Saturday night and we wor shipped with his congregation on Sunday morning before driving the last leg of the trip and completing the loop. The trip totaled nearly 6,500 miles and as we once again drove on to our campus one thought was paramount in each per son’s mind. Surely God was. with us and guided us back after a really fabulous trip.

FIRNE Strive for anything Within sensibility That cannot be gained. So that something Within possibility Is surely attained. — WAYNE MUELLER 3

WM. A. MEIER, ’63

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THE JOE COLLEGE SURVEY A mass of brand new information about the nation’s male undergraduates was revealed in a new study, “Male College Student Survey,” conducted by the research firm, Benn Management Corporation, in cooperation with the Market Research Department of Playboy magazine, Involving a sample size of 12,100 mail questionaires, the survey results were based on final returns from more than 5,000 male students from 72 U. S. colleges and universities. To set Northwestern’s Joe College beside his nationwide counterpart, the Black and Red passed out identical surveys, tailored to eliminate obvious data such as the ratio of married to unmarried students, These are the results, with the national figures in parenthesis. The survey shows that 25.4% (11.8%) of NWC’s undergraduates underwrite all of their college expenses, while 7.9% (17.2%) do not contribute at all to their college support. 96.8% (62.4%) live on campus and 3.2% (15.2%) reside off cam pus with their families. As to outside jobs, the survey shows that 52.4% (52.8%) work during the summer months only, while 33.3% (30.3%) work both during the summer and school year. 11.1% (14.6%) do not work at all. As the survey was conducted during March, 1963 (December, 1962) a question as to whether the student would leave the campus during the upcoming Easter vacation (Christmas) showed that 84.9% (92. 7%) would do so. 76.1% (82.8%) said they would travel by car, none (6.5%) by plane, 1.6% (5.2%) by bus, 3.2% (5.5%) by train and none (6%) by boat. How independent are today’s college students on the automobile? The survey shows that 19.8% (36.7%) possess their own cars while 7.2% (10.7%) have fulltime personal use of one. When asked about alcoholic beverage consumption, 91% (66.8%) of all male undergraduates responded affirmatively, Moreover 82% (60.5%) say they drink beer; 55% (25.3%), wine; and 59% (50%), liquor. 45% (50.4%) of all our college students surveyed answered that they smoked: 43.4% (41.8%) cigarettes, 5.5% (11.9%)

cigars and 15.8% (14.8%) pipes. Among cigarette smokers, filter types were the favorite, with the total sample showing 73,2% (66.8%) preferring this kind. 9.1% (14.5%) smoke king size, while 18.2% (22.3%) said they smoke regulars. The average number of packs of cigarettes smoked per week was 5.3. That today’s college man is far from the “beatnik” type is shown by the high use of personal grooming aids. 91.4% (83.6%) use after-shave lotions; 84.9% (72.8%), shampoo; 86.5% (69.3%), hair dressing; 45.2% (41.4%) cologne and 33.3% (38.1%), powder or talc. The survey also specifies what percent of students used each of the products “yesterday.” For example, 95.2% (91.3%) used a deodorant, of whom 84.1% (88.2%) used it “yesterday.” The median expenditure for back-toschool wardrobes in 1962 was found to be $54.52 ($68.07). The typical student vardrobe consists of 1.8 (2.6) suits. 1.V .2) sports jackets, 7.02 (6.5) pairs o»' si icks, 3.48 (3.8) pairs of shoes, 1.17 ( ■. opuer coats or overcoats, 1.52 (1.4) othci ?ss coats, 0.6 (0.9) raincoats, 0.4 (0 7} 64 hats, 4.5 (4.7) sweaters, 7.9 (8.3) i-\ : (2.7) belts, 21.02 (14.6) pairs of •oks, 12.2 (10) undershirts, and 12. • .3) pairs of undershorts. As to home entertainment 39.6V (49%) own record players, 4.7% (16.9%) tape recorders; 57.8% (63.1%) table model ra dios; and 38% (53.1%) own transistor or portable radios. Besides this 13.4% (17.9%) own 35 mm. cameras; 3.9% (6.2%), slide projectors; and 2.3% (8.7%), movie projectors. Typwriters are owned by 50% (59.3%), wrist watches by 88.8% (88.9%) and fountain pens by 77.7% (81.6%). When asked to list their “first favorite” magazine, 24.6% (12.3%) answered Time 11.1% (8.9%), Life; 10.3% (6.6%), Satnrday Evening Post; 7.1% (13.3%), Playboy and 7.1% (8.1%) Sports Illustrated. Not listed on the national survey but popular at NWC with 13.4% was the Readers Di gest. When asked, “In which one maga zine are you most likely to look at the advertisements?”: 20.6% (22.7%) named Playboy; 12.7% (11.8%), Life; 7.2% (3.3%) Time; and 6.4% (3.3%) The New Yorker. 4

What sort of picture does this mass of figures boil down to. Generally speaking it describes a NWC student basically like Joe College U.S.A. He is a bit more self sustaining, yet less mobile; more inclined to

shun tobacco than be a teetotaler; better groomed, yet with a slightly smaller wardrobe; and finally more intellectual in his choice of periodicals. Well, did you really expect anything different? j. l.

THE EDITORIAL CARTOON The use of illustrations has often prov■ ed to be an invaluable device for the purpose of getting a message to people. In a variety of fields graphs, charts, and pic tures are employed to inform and educate. American journalism has become aware of this fact and has reached a certain stand ard of excellence. Today’s newspapers have a liberal supply of photographs to accompany the news stories, something a bit more tangible than the mere printed page. The editorial department is no ex ception, for it too makes use of illustra tion in the form of the editorial cartoon. The intcniions of the cartoonist are for the most pm -be same as the writer of an editorial. V work each wants to focus public a il on some aspect of the lo eal, nation international scene and then intei in the light of his own personal vi. Leading politicians, famous statesn orld figures — all are fair game for lorial or political caricature. Hov he cartoonist has a dis tinct advan . over the editor because he is able to r educe an almost immediate reaction in h> followers; he has “a wallop that can be absorbed in seconds.” The sophisticated, professional car toons as we know them are a product of our times, but caricature was present cen turies ago, having its origin in ancient Egypt. Archaeology reports claim to have found the earliest evidences of this type of art drawn on papyri. In caricature form some clever artist has lampooned the people of the upper classes for the high life that they led. Surprisingly, these Egyptian carica tures were produced in an undeveloped culture, and it wasn’t until the eighteenth century that political and social satire in cartoon form became a popular thing in Western civilization. At that time people were occupied with endless political wars which furnished an inexhaustible subject for the cartoonist. England, Spain, and 5

France all had at least one outstanding man doing social or political cartoons. Sometimes the theme was “the common man,” as in “Gin Lane,” William Hogarth’s sermonizing work on the evils of drink. Spain’s Francisco Goya’s work included “Les Desastres de la Guerra,” called by one man “the most vivid denunciation of war ever conceived.” In France Honore Dau mier was acknowledged as the most able. In the United States before the Civil War there were only a few isolated cases where artists produced effective cartoons. A very poignant one was Benjamin Frank lin’s famous segmented snake which re presented the thirteen colonies. He label ed it “Join or die,” and it expressed the feeling of many people in the war-threat ened colonies. But with the Civil War cartooning developed into an important commentary on American life. Thomas Nast was the first to realize the impact which a cartoonist could en gender by his work, and the Bavarian-bom artist was the person chiefly responsible for the adoption of caricature to journa lism. His first effective cartoons were drawn on the battlefields and depicted the war as he saw it. When things were going badly for the Union armies during the early sta ges of the war, his art furnished the North with a rallying point. Later Lincoln him self out of gratitude fittingly called him “our best recruiting sergeant,” for he pre sented the war issue to the public and made all aware of their obligations to the nation, so that in the end the North went on to regain the initiative. Following the war Nast went after other big game. Corruption in politics was so common that it had almost come to be taken for granted. Bribery and misuse of public funds were the rule rather than the exception. The whole country was at the mercy of unscrupulous politicians, but very few public officials came close to matching the tricks pulled by New York’s

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Several other problems confront the editorial cartoonist of our day. For one thing, many newspapers lack the necessary nigged spirit to stir up any kind of contro versy. Circulation is too important to them. Because of their phobia of offend ing any segment of their readers, they aim only at the universally accepted vil lains such as Castro and Khruschev. An other problem for the cartoonist is partisan ship. Too often the cartoonist becomes a one-party man and is not able to see thru the wall of prejudice that he has built up around himself. Among today’s American political car toonists there are two that stand out above all others. They are Herbert Block (better known as Herblock) of the Washington “Post,” who is described as an “implacable fire-breathing enemy of all conservatives,” and Bill Mauldin of the St. Louis “PostDispatch.” Mauldin, too, is an indepen dent sort and can be characterized by his statement, “If I see a stuffed shirt, I want to punch it.” These two men possess the three essentials necessary for aggres sive art of political cartoonihumor, truth, and moral purpose.

Tammany Hall. Boss Tweed and his lieu tenants were the epitome of rottenness in government, but no one except Nast had the courage to speak up against them. By his art Nast became famous and Tweed in famous. His one-man crusade eventually forced Tweed to flee the country. His most famous cartoon assailing Tammany Hall shows Tweed sitting in arena in Roman fashion looking on approvingly as the Tammany tiger stands menacingly over the body of a woman who symbolizes the Republic. The caption under the cartoon reads, “The Tammany Tiger loose — What are you going to do about it?” With car toons such as this Nast was exerting more influence by his art in the “Harper’s Week ly” than did most of the editors around the country. The golden era for political cartooning occurred around the beginning of the twentieth century. There were more daily newspapers at that time than there are now, and it was a rare paper that didn’t have its own cartoonist on its staff. Today there is not as much opportunity because the dailies are linked in national syndi cates, and a single artist’s work is used by scores of papers.

L. S.

HISTORY FORGOTTEN In the Book of passing Ages Moving onward year by year, There are many missing pages As whole chapters disappear. Who remembers ancient kingdoms, Crowns of gold which turned to dust, Transistory loves and treasons, Broken weapons lost in rust? All are^one, but not forgotten Are the sage, devoted men Who have struggled, worked, and written To assist their fellow men.

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When the Future is the Present And our Present is the Past, Will succeeding generations To our memory hold fast ? — G. LEMKE 6

THE ENEMY ing in pain, eyes rolling until only the whites could be seen, and with their last breath they would crawl through the snow, just to be an inch farther away from the enemy. Others after being hit would still travel miles. Pale and faltering they would stand, afraid to lie down and too weak to stand up. Some were missing limbs, some parts of their faces, but most were wound ed in the favorite target of the enemy, the chest. It was easy to pick out the latter. They would stand with their legs spread apart and their head down. At first the night air would be filled with wheezing as their breath whistled in and out of their bloody throats. But by morning there was no more wheezing, no more bleeding. No one recovers from a punctured lung.

I t's not easy to live a normal life know• ing that the enemy is always near. Never can they be trusted, and their signs can be seen almost every day. Life is spent dashing from one patch of cover to anoth er. Fear is the guiding force in life. Too of ten someone becomes careless, and the end is usually disastrous. The young especially are foolish. Proud of what they are and ready to risk their necks, they boldly dare to cross into enemy territory; unfortunate ly few return . With no weapons how can we stand up against them? Our only hope lies in the fact that we know the country better and that we have mastered the act of camouflage. It is impossible to figure out their stra tegy — usually only one attack a year, no more. Nc\ with heavy artillery, nothing . heavier thar field rifles are ever reported. The last all. was quite a while ago; soon •hould be a; her. Maybe this time will be the last; i i.ybe this time all of us will be wiped out

The enemy shows no mercy at all. It seems that the time between the main at tacks is the worst for the weaker sex and the very young. Should it happen that some of these get in the way of one of the enemy’s machines, they are run over and their bodies cast aside as so many logs. Woe to any of these helpless ones who come into the searchlights at night!

Standii : .tc next to this white pine and lookii .wn into the peaceful valley, it’s hard believe what happened here last time, just at sunrise they hit. There must have been thousands of them, all armed to the hilt and all with one thought in mind: ‘shoot us on sight.” The only safe place was the deep swamp. In there it was so hard to see and so hard to travel that few of the enemy ever penetrated in to it. But it was cold and damp. We had to sleep on muddy, soggy ground; some even slept standing up.

Why does the enemy want to kill us off anyway? When they first came here they were as infants struggling for survival. Then one could see why they invaded us. But now they have risen to a world power. Why don’t they leave us alone? The coun try is big enough for both of us; we can’t hurt them. Why do they continue to hunt us down? Is it just to satisfy their sadis tic craving, or to see what fear will make us do, or is it just to see how spectacular we die ? Oh, if they only would let us live in peace! As the first rays of morning started to play on the wooded hills in the horizon, a rifle spoke, its bark echoing as thunder through the quiet woodlands. Immediate ly following came a whoop of joy as a hun ter saw his slug hit the mark. Alongside a huge white pine one of the biggest bucks in the area lay, feebly kicking his last.

Then there were the casualties. What could ever erase that memory? A few were lucky. Before the crack of the rifle was even heard they had slumped to their peaceful sleep. But there were others, many others. All over the countryside signs of tearing pain and cutting death could be seen and heard. Between the deafening roars were the shrieks and coughs, the splintery crack of bones, and the thud of falling bodies. Comrades fleeing along side would be hit from behind and would have to be left there, twisting and squirm-

PAUL ZIEMER, '66 7

inniiipii

TRINE ; •: i.I

All my inner feeling glows, My living tempo quickly grows; All my heart within me knows Spring fever. Snow has melted off the land, Good things never were so grand; Who can ever understand Spring fever. What strange power from above, What is modem man made of? One small thing besides true love. Spring fever. — WAYNE MUELLER

SPRING

spring. He can see himself alrcao breez ing down Wisconsin Avenue in dad’s car. He can’t wait. His buddy \ look ing forward to the baseball season arid then to graduation. The young artist sketches cwiything in sight. He really wants to capture the feeling of this day. Old Man Mueller sits on his porch and gazes at all the people passing by. But he doesn’t notice the people — he’s too busy thinking, thinking of his homeland, of all the past springs and the good times they brought. Mr. Mueller wishes he could go back to those days, but he’s thankful he has lived through another long cold winter and is entering into another spring. Fred Smultz and Harry Gates, on their way home from the factory, gripe about work and talk over the perch fishing. They hope it’ll be as good as last spring. Mrs. Smith gets off the bus and stops for a minute to watch a dove flutter in the air. But enough of that, she’s got to be hurrying home to fix supper. It’s spring and many things are hap pening. Far to the north of the city a bear awakens after a long sleep. Sap is again flowing in the trees; soon green buds will

AA arch 20. It’s getting late in the after■ ▼ 'noon, but the sun is still shining brightly. A warm breeze from Lake Michigan pushes white clouds of smoke from the harbor factories over the city. You can tell that spring and warmer weather will soon be here once again; winter is doomed. That first warm springlike day of the year has arrived. Many people are strolling or driving along Jones’ Island today. They do every day, but today they take their time. The lake is especially beautiful with its spark ling silvery waves, hungry gulls, and ships of all kinds. You can see that the people are happy — the long, cold winter is past— it’s spring! How can anyone be sad? Spring means many things to these many people. Little Johnny Smith is hurrying home from school. He has important business to take care of. A kite must be built, the baseball glove has to be loosened up, his bike is waiting to be dusted and made ready for use. John passes some girls playing jump rope. He throws a snow ball at them, probably the last one this winter. Tomorrow all the snow will be gone. Mike Davon is going to be sixteen this 8

— his paintings didn’t sell. The porch where old man Mueller used to sit is empty this year. He’s seen his last spring. The two men from the factory were laid off last summer, but it gives them more time for fishing. Mrs. Smith is working late today — the family needs the money. Winter is not past. The bear is still sleeping. It will be a long time before buds appear on the trees this year. The frogs are still hibernating and the geese are down south. It’s been a cold, cloudy day. The papers say spring will be late this year. But spring will come and then how can anyone be sad?

appear. Frogs are laying their eggs. Wild geese are returning to their summer quar ters. The sun is fast setting; it’s been a beautiful day. Tomorrow, the papers say, will be the first day of spring. How can anyone be sad? March 20. Today is quite different from one year ago. It’s still cold; ice cov ers the lake. People want to get indoors as quickly as possible. Little Johnny Smith is hurrying home. He’s got a new game he wants to try. Mike Davon is in the hospital — he was in a car accident. His buddy A1 won’t be around to visit Mike. Al’s joined the Navy; he’s stationed overseas. The young artist is selling encyclope dias; he’s giving up painting as a livelihood

ROLAND EHLKE, ’66

SARCASM *1 or DIVERSION *6 A jackass laughs In the classroom. The remnant donkeys roar. His ears are deaf; They look alive. Hear him now — The illiterate boar Makes a college a farm Without a sty. — JOHN TRAPP

ASPIRATION #5 Nothing rare Is beautiful; It is only rare. Beauty hides In little things: White clouds And weeping willows. The one smooth stroke Of baby blue That peeks between The clouds, Some wide expanse Of grassy plain Spared from the plow Is beauty people see; But rare ones only comprehend That glow of perfect symmetry. — JOHN TRAPP 9

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Organ Dedicated On March 15 a special vespers service was held in the college chapel to dedicate the new pipe organ which has been in use since February 13. Although students, faculty members and friends of NWC were invited, the attendance was relatively slim. Professor Oswald served as the liturgist and performed the rite of dedication. Professor Toppe preached on the glorious ministry our new organ is to serve, using Matthew 26:30 as his text. Professor Lehmann, assisted by Jerome Kieselhorst, played the new instrument and directed the male chorus in two selections.

(the “E” stands for European economy) Mr. Austin discussed the Common Market, Britain's recent vain attempt to join that market, De Gaulle, and some of the potential in the Common Market. Although not too well accustomed to public speaking, Mr. Austin, who is the editor of the Milwaukee Journal Sunday Editorial page, was able to deliver an informative lecture by reason of his broad background and recent trip to Europe. An extended question and answer period followed, The Dorm Council presented the third lec ture in its lecture series April 6. Michael Ha keem, a sociology professor at the University of Wisconsin, gave a talk entitled “Psychiatric Approach to Deviant Behavior,” Instead of advocating psychiatry, as the title of his speech mlSbt suSS^t, he showed the great confusion and controversy in the field of psychiatry to daV’ statlnS lbat Psychiatrists are promising far more,than they ?re ablc to, do and nr,e cn croaching upon the areas where a thcologiai °r clergyman should be working Profess, Hakeem, criticized psychiatry severely He w. t ln bls dc lvery and thc addrcss r sembIed a college classroom lecture,

Forum

A Forum presentation. "Heavy on the Barher Shop,” was given March 9 and 10. This all music variety show, produced and directed by Bill Gabb, featured three barbershop groups and three instrumental groups. The show, spiced by comedy, moved along naturally and informally without each number being annouiv ced. Except for the Pep Band, which is student directed, none of the participating groups are connected with Northwestern as extra-curricular activities. The production brought to light the private musical endeavors of the stu dents and also some exceptional, but formerly hidden, talent. The sound system and lighting efFects were exceptional. Proceeds from the free will offering will be used to install a new lighting system for our stage. Jim Babler was the writer and director of a Forum production which was presented on March 22. It was entitled “How Do You Fit in Society?” and had three scenes in which, by means of honest and satirical humor, different people in life with various idiosyncrasies were portrayed. The presentation had quite a variety of material and included those things Babler most excels in: comedy, jazz music, and just plain good entertainment.

"Messiah” Presented The Northwestern Festival Chorus, made up of alumni and friends of Northwester i College, presented sections of Part II and Pa t III, i. e., the Passion and Easter portions, of Handel's Messiah in the college chapel on March 24. The concert was presented in the afternoon and evening. The afternoon presentation was broadcast live by WTTN. The Festival Chorus, directed by Professor Lehmann, was organized recently for the purpose of singing longer choral works, and the Mcssiah was their first presentation, Awarded Fellowship Gary Schmeling, last year's Campus and Classroom editor, was awarded a full fellow ship plus fees by the graduate school of the University of Wisconsin to continue his study of the classics. Schmeling will begin his studies on July 1 of this year and will continue under this fellowship for a full year. Most of

Lectures H. Russel Austin was the speaker at the second lecture of the dorm council's lecture series on March 23. In his speech entitled “The Atlantic Community and the E Bomb” 10

his time will be occupied by the study of classical Latin.

Bachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s St. Matthew Passion,

Easter Concert

Gift

The annual Easter concert was presented March 31 by the Prep, Mixed and Male Choruses under the direction of Professor Lehmann. The Male Chorus was the piece de resistance and sang numbers including a part of Brahms German Requiem and two chorales from

Professor Erwin Schroedcr has announced the receiving of a one thousand dollar gift for our library from Mr. Eugene Beyl of Osceola, Wisconsin. The money is to be used for die purchase of reference books.

A R B O R

D A Y

Arbor Day, 1963, was held on Friday, April 5. As usual, the morning was spent dig' ging around bushes and raking the campus and the lawns of the professors . In the afternoon the sophomores had their tree planting cere-

mony; this was followed by a prep track meet and a baseball game in which the faculty beat the Juniors. Others took advantage of this sunny weather to go bicycling, hiking, or golfing, li

Cttumni TlotzA Each year at commencement time thought is given at Northwestern to the graduation classes of the past. Anniversary classes are in vited to sit at reserved tables at the Alumni Banquet, Representatives from these classes arc called on to speak for their classes during the course of the after-dinner program. Customari ly these anniversary classes hold reunions of their own aside from the general alumni gath erings. This year, in all likelihood, the same cus toms will be followed. It is quite possible that even now' responsible people in the anniversary classes are beginning the correspondence with which to effect class reunions. When looking over the anniversary classes involved this year, a number of interesting facts come to one’s attention. For one thing, there is the prospect this year of hearing from the Class of 1893, the class of seventy years ago. The representative will, in that case, be Prof. Joh. P. Meyer, still an active member of the faculty at our Seminary in Mequon. The class of sixty years ago, 1903, was grad uated with eight members. Of that group three members remain — two of them within the vi cinity of our college, Pastor L. Kirst of Beaver Dam and Pastor M. Raasch of Lake Mills — die odier is Pastor Arthur Sydow at Omak, Washington. The Golden Anniversary Class of 1913 was a group of twelve when it was graduated. Three members of diat class departed tiiis life since commencement time a year ago. Pastors W. Hartwig. W. Keibel, and A. Koelpin, Sr. Two members of that class continue to be active in the preaching ministry. Pastor W. Lueckel of Snoqualmie, Washington, and Pastor L. Koeninger, Sr., of Manitowoc. The latter still man ages die busy schedule involved in caring for die large modier church in Manitowoc. One member of die Class of M3, Prof. H. Palmbach, is a member of die faculty at Doctor Martin Ludier College in New Ulm, Minnesota. The class of forty years ago numbered thir teen at graduation in 1923. Of dieir group nine members remain active in die preaching ministry. Pastor Edgar Hoenecke, the Chair man of our Synod’s Board for World Missions, is a member of die Class of ’23. Thirty years ago sixteen men and one wo-

ENGAGEMENT Jerome Braun, ’57, who is presently a tutor at Nordiwestern College, recently became en12

man were graduated from Northwestern. Of this Class of 1933 ten members remain active in the preaching ministry. One of them, Pastor Adolph Buenger, is currently the President of the Southeastern District of our Synod. Pres ent students of Northwestern are frequently helped at the Watertown Public Library by the one woman in the Class of '33. She is librarian there, Miss Elizabeth Faber. The Silver Anniversary Class was a group of twenty-six men when graduated in 1938. Twenty-one members of that class are active in the preaching ministry. One of these members, Pastor E, Wendland, Jr., is currently serving as a missioanry for our Synod in Northern Rhodesia, Africa. One member of the Class of ’38, Prof, E. Frcdrich, is a member of the facul ty at Michigan Lutheran Seminary in Sagi naw, Michigan. Twenty years ago a group of twenty-four re ceived degrees from Northwestern. The facul ty of Doctor Martin Luther College has claimed three members of this class, Professors H. Birk holz, L. Hahnke, and T. Hartwig. One member of the Class of M3, Prof. L. Spaude, teaches at Wisconsin Lutheran High School in Milwaukee. Eighteen mrembers of the class arc active in the preaching ministry. Ten years do not seem like a long time. When looking back to the list of graduates i the Class of 1953, however, it appears that the period of ten years has brought about a lot f change. Of the thirty-three members of i! t class twenty-seven are already established n their work of guiding their respective congrega tions. One member of the class, Prof. Arm.a Panning, has joined our faculty at Northwes tern. Another, Prof. A. Koclpin, Jr., has be come a member of the faculty at Doctor Martin Luther College. Two members of the class, Messrs. H. Gawrisch and R. Oswald, are mem bers of the faculty at Wisconsin Lutheran High School. One member of this class, John Habeck, has already gone before his classmates in to eternity. When reviewing just these few facts about only the anniversary classes the impression glow's clear that when the Alumni meet at commencement time for reminiscing and fel lowship there is much to make such meetings pleasant and interesting. E. SCIIARF

gaged to Miss Janice Schmidt of Wood Lake, Minnesota. Miss Schmidt is currently teach ing at St. Paul Lutheran School, Fort Atkin son, Wisconsin.

CALLS The Reverend Warren Henrich, '56, was in stalled in his new charge at Grace-St. John Lutheran Church, Goodhue, Minnesota, on February 24, 1963. His former congregation was St. John Lutheran Church of Belview, Minnesota. The Reverend Alvin Schulz, formerly of Trini ty Lutheran Church, Montrose, Minnesota, has accepted a call to Immanuel Lutheran Church, Cambellsport, Wisconsin. He was in stalled on February 17, 1963. The Reverend Oscar Sicgler, ’37, formerly of St. Paul Lutheran Church, Mt. Calvary, Wis consin, has accepted a call to New Ulm, Minnesota. He will become principal of the new Dr. Martin Luther High School.

by St. John Lutheran Church at East Bloom field, Wisconsin. At this time die congrega tion is without a pastor. BIRTHS On March 20, 1963, a son was born to Pastor and Mrs. Paul Manthcy, ’52. Pastor Manthey is serving First Lutheran Church at Aurora, Nebraska. Pastor and Mrs. David Recllin, ’58, of Gresham, Nebraska, became the proud parents of a baby girl on March 16 of this year. MISCELLANEOUS The Reverend Otto Medenwald, emeritus, ’15, having undergone a serious operation on March 20, 1963, has successfully recovered and has returned to his job as an assistant librarian at Northwestern College. Professor Arnold O. Lehmann, M. A., ’36, of Northwestern College has been awarded a faculty fellowship to do additional graduate work during the next year by the Aid Associ ation for Lutherans. During die summer he will study at Western Reserve University at Cleveland. Since it is in the form of a re search grant, he will be able to continue without a break in his teaching at North western.

DEDICATIONS Zion Lutheran Church at Readfield, Wisconsin, was privileged to dedicate a new parsonage on February 17. 1963. The Reverend E. F. Stelter, ’54, is presently serving die congre gation there. On March 17, 1963, Trinity Lutheran Church at Neenah, Wisconsin, dedicated a recent addition to its school. The Reverend C. A. Schaefer, '29, is tin- pastor. A new organ was dedicated on March 31, 1963, &**■

WA ™ QlaAAhoom “Well, Louie, • r growled and spoke unusually synv ically, “they elected me because I . nut, but they elected you because }<_• i re a complete nut.” (I must admit, he > a hard one for me to crack at times .) After lie had consoled me with my future difficulties, he gave me some of his time-tested pointers such as: 1. A little acid here and a little caustic there May even cause a prof to raise his graying hair* 2. Be subtle when you slam Or Prof. Toppe will you But he had another pet ieda. That was the so-called modem idea of the twist. By using the twist he could more easily strike warped minds and make a humorous situ ation out of an abnormally normal one. That’s some information that will be hard to get straight. All joking aside, hats off to a swell job.

writing, Christman — you know, the guy who thinks he runs the Black and Red — came in and browsed over a few of my writings. Perhaps feeling my predicament, he finally comforted me by declaring, “Well, if your Candid Classroom isn’t good, then they’ll have to read my editorial.” My purpose in writing will not be to present the zoo-type features of our cam pus that any tourist can see, but the hid den inner life of our campus such as what is really discussed between Zim and the professor, the relentless raids of the Brownstapo to collect coffee heaters and to track down owners of cars parked some where in the vicinity of our campus, the thrilling episodes of game 11536 as Lauber and Kastenschmidt take on all comers, the intrigues of the heat committee about which we are all in the cold, and the ac tive social life of our campus. However, since this last item would require more space than there is in the whole Black and Red, I will not touch upon it.

As soon as I began to do some serious 13

Fama is one of the most unpredictable things upon this earth. As you know — at least, you knew at the time of the test — Fama was the thing that changed the love of Aeneas and Dido from comedy to commit suicide. Sorta reminds you of the hor ror movies, for Virgil says, “Its creator, Cosmos, was enraged at the authorities and out of bolts and nuts built it, the near est thing to an ICBM. It had a hot trans mission, streamlined wings, electric eyes below each rib in her frame, a speaker for every microphone, a maiden on every wing (dreamer)....” This same creature has been lurking about our campus and causing a lot of trouble. Take the case of the installment of our organ. For three years there had been rumors that an organ would be in stalled. But so mysteriously it was done. For as they were putting it together, “no interference” and “do not enter” signs were placed in the doorway. Of course this meant an invitation. (What do you think of when you see “positively no entrance?”) The frosh began to peep in cautiously not knowing when Prof. Oswald would appear. The sophs went in more boldly — they had already flopped German. From these clan destine visits stories soon arose. There was talk of the pipes being placed in the back, and then in the front. When several bench es came out there was talk of changing the seating arrangement. Finally Frisky Don (He has a theory that if you tell a big lie big enough, people will believe you. Remember this when he charges for his rides.) spread the rumor that they were cutting off at at the roof one of those big, beautiful beams in order to put the organ in. If that didn’t leave enough hanging . . I hear that there are a few modernists, followers of Frank Right, who are planning to remodel the chapel in the shape of two round balls, one within the other. They figure that with the organ they would be able to have music of the spheres.

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I: !'

most pointed manner and should be asked by every Northwestern College student, “How do you fit in society?” Critic’s comment on Knorr’s acting of the slob: Was he acting or just acting naturally ? Bowling has always a great appeal on our campus except when you have a poor bowling average. How can you cure that? Simple, just keep your mind out of the gutter. However, our one and only Duke does not complain about his own bowling average, but about that of his dates. The question arises whether they are really bad bowlers or just being polite. Did you know that the draft classifica tion of 4D includes not only theological students, but also idiots and imbeciles? Believe it or Not, It’s True !!!! Our library will “accession” a number of new books, among which are included — Introduction to Vulgar Latin, by Grandgent Kleine Grannnatik der Hebdischen Sprache by (Ver) Dreher0 Brewed in America, by Baron and present ed in the interests of better understand ing, relations, and service to the com munity by the Miller Brewing Company Kleinstadt in America, by Goedsche of Northwestern University. Finally Wa tertown has been celebrated in the Ger man tongue. No, it isn’t Watertown, S. D., nor is it only two pages long. Of course, the Tertianters will appreciate Watertown by being forced to translate it. However, I think there should be one change. After extensive perusal of the book and research work in the town, I think the name should be changed to Totstadt in America. QUOTABLE QUOTES FROM ARBOR DAY Otto with a dreamy look: Underneath the pin oak tree. Seager with a “playboyish” grin: I don’t think the faculty should be here. Hagedom: The frosh are having a good time. Rutschow: However, I could not stomach it. A junior: What was the matter with Mon day ?

Some strange rumors have been going around about a weasel. They say a weasel has invaded our flower bed and stolen some bulbs—what?—with a shoehorn. Na, ya, you’ll never know what people will dig up next.

0 - One who balls things up. * -1 don’t intend to be acidi, but instead more basic.

The Bablings of our dramatist, pianist, producer, and clown were collected in a 14

_uik

year’s pitching staff has good potential; and if a strong hitting attack could be built around that nucleus, the Trojans could give any team they face a hard time. The returning veterans include pitchers Duke Sonntag, Ralph Scharf, and Bill Balza; infielders A1 Just, Lynn Schroeder, Karl Gurgel, Bill Gabb, and Mark Hallemeyer; and outfielders Kent Schroeder and Art Valerio. New players on the squad who could see extended action this spring are pitchers Ron Koepsell and Jim Everts, infielders Dave Toepel, Ken Bode, and Harry Hagedom, and outfielder Ron Hahm. Tutor Wiechmann is assisting Coach Pieper, and Kermit Habben is the team’s manager. The team has 14 games sched uled, the first being a double-header here against Ripon College on April 27.

Bowling Tournament On Thursday, March 14, thirty-four collegiate bowlers participated in the an nual post-season bowlers’ tournament at the Bowl-a-Fun Lanes. It was a handicap doubles tournament based on a 200 ave rage and offered $50 in cash prizes in ad dition to numerous merchandise prizes. These prizes were obtained through team sponsors, merchants’ contributions, and an entry fee. The four top teams were as follows: 1336 total $10. each Pautz and Lauber Valerio and Gawrisch 1262 total 8. each Diersen and Frank 1241 total 6. each Everts and Anderson 1240 total Camera & softball bat Intramural Volleyball

Captain Glenn Schaumberg led his Jun ior class team to their 3rd straight volley ball championship. The team was com posed of G. Schaumberg, R. Scharf, L. Schroeder, V. Tassler, V. Vogel, and R. Semro. They also won the school cham pionship by defeating the high school champions, the Tertia class. This was the fourth intramural championship won by the Junior class this year. Captain Daniel Zimmermann’s Senior II team won consolatioin honors.

Trojan Netmen Form Team This spring the Trojan tennis team will take part in eight interscholastic matches. Without any of last year’s team returning, this year’s team will have to be made up of all new players. Before Easter vacation a double elimi nations tournament was held among the nineteen candidates to determine the top five players. Although the results of that tournament are not complete at the time of this writing, some of the players are showing a good potential in their games. If this potential could be improved, this year’s team could surprise many. The Tro jans will play their first match here on April 26th against Milton.

Baseball Begun

Two weeks before the Easter vacation break, twenty-three aspiring Trojan base ball players attended Coach Pieper’s first practice. The diamond had been put in excellent playing condition by Professor Schroeder and a few assistants. The first practices were comprised mostly of calis thenics and throwing exercises. Then, af ter a few days, hitting practice was begun and a few intersquad games were played. How will the Trojans fare this year? Coach Pieper feels that last year’s record of 2 wins and 7 losses will be markedly improved, even though this year the team will be faced with a tougher schedule than that of last year. He also thinks that this

Tip-Ins 8C Extra Points Baseball practice sessions and interscho lastic games not only have become a daily occurrence on our campus, but through out the country the familiar cry of “Play ball!” is being heard. And this is the time when all baseball fans speculate as to how the professionals will do in the present season. The following is a result of a stu dent opinion poll, in which all N.W.C. stu15

dents had a chance to express their con victions on this subject. Final Standings American League National League New York Los Angeles SanFrancisco Minnesota Detroit Cincinnati Los Angeles St. Louis Milwaukee Chicago Baltimore Pittsburgh Cleveland Philadelphia Boston Chicago Kansas City Houston Washington New York Best Average: Hank Aaron, Mil. Mickey Mantle, N. Y. Most R. B. I.’s: Willie Mays. San Fran.—M. Mantle, N. Y. Most Home Runs: W. Mays, San Fran.—H. Killebrew,Minn. Winningest Pitcher: Sandy Koufax, L. A.—Whitey Ford, N. Y. World Series Winner: New York Yankees

Race. Two Northwestern students, Paul Stuebs and Tom Liesener, piloted one of the 48 craft that were entered in the com petition. And when it was all over, Paul and Tom had won the 4th place trophy, missing 3rd place by only 30 seconds. The Milwaukee Journal described the two ad venturists as young men in a hurry — in a hurry to make it back to their school to sing in the Easter concert. 50-Mile Hike At 5:30 on the morning of April 6, John Lawrenz, Erhard Opsahl, Mark Goeglein, Dave Seager, and Bob Ness departed on a 50-mile hike which was to take them from Watertown to Mequon. 12 hours, 56 minutes later John sprinted into the Seminary campus, The other four had to retire after 30 miles, largely because of improper footwear. All four were rewarded with their pictures being taken for the local paper and given various refreshments Why Not? In the past we vociferously cheered a ball through goal posts and one through a basket. Now why can’t we just as voci Torously cheer one out of an infield or ever a net?

Canoe Race On Sunday, March 31, the Manitowoc River was rampaging wildly, almost at flood stage. But these were ideal conditions for the annual Manitowoc River Canoe

FOOTBALL SCHEDULE In order that the alumni and friends of Northwestern may make their plans to attend as many football games as possible this fall, we submit the 1963 schedule. 1 '

►

September 21 — Fox Valley * There N September 28 — Elmhurst There M.U.S. * There October 5 - U.I. C. There N Milw’kee Luth. * There October 12 — Milton Here i Wis. Luth. * Here October 19 — Eureka Homecom’ Here ' Country Day * Here October 26 — Bethel There Wayland * There November 2 — Lakeland Here Lake Forest * Here November 9 — Concordia There Racine * Here * — Prep Games N — Night Game 16

QampuA Qalsundjah April 26 — Tennis, Milton — there 27 — Tennis, Shimer — here Baseball (2), Ripon — here 31 — Tennis, Seminary — there May

3 5 7 9 10 10 & 11 11 14 17

— — — — — — — — —

18 — 21 — 25 — 29 — 30 — 31 — June

Baseball and Tennis, Lakeland — there Spring Concert Baseball, Milton — here Baseball (2) and Tennis, Lakeland — here Tennis, Milton — here Forum’s final production, The Hidden River Tennis, Shimer — there Baseball, Milton — there Deadline, Black and Red Conference Golf, Tennis, and Track at Janesville Conference Baseball at Milton Election of dorm council president Baseball (2), U. I. C. — here Tennis, Seminary — here Semester tests begin, alias Blue Wednesday Memorial Day recess Semester tests continued

5 — Commencement Concert 6 — Graduation

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AQUARIUMS CAMPUS AQUARIUM, Whitewater, Wis.

BAKERIES PAGEL'S BAKERY, 114 West Main Street QUALITY BAKE SHOP, 104 Main Street

BANKS BANK OF WATERTOWN, First & Main Streets MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK, 100 Main St.

BARBERS POOLE'S BARBER SHOP, 5 Main Street BEVERAGES NEHI BEVERAGES, Madison, Wis. PEPSI COLA

BOWLING ALLEYS BOWL-A-FUN, 766 N. Church Street

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CHEESE MILWAUKEE CHEESE CO., Milwaukee, Wis.

CLEANERS PARAMOUNT CLEANERS, 621 Main Street TOP CLEANERS, 114 S. First Street VOGUE CLEANERS, 412 Main Street CONCRETE TRI-COUNTY REDI-M1X CO., Watertown DAIRIES DAIRY LANE, Union Street MULLEN'S, 212 W. Main Street DELICATESSEN FIN & TAIL, 108 S. Third Street

DRUG STORES BUSSE'S, 204 Main Street DOERR DRUGS, W. Main Street MALLACH PHARMACY, 315 Main Street TETZLAFF PHARMACY, 116 Main Street

EYE GLASSES Drs. H. E. MAGNAN, 410 Main Street

FLOOR MAINTENANCE DURACLEAN OF WATERTOWN, 1322 Randoph St. FLORISTS BIRKHOLZ FLORAL SHOP, 616 Main Street LOEFFLER FLORAL SHOP, 202 W. Main Street FUNERAL HOMES H. HAFEMEISTER, 607 Main Street FURNITURE H. HAFEMEISTER, 607 Main Street KECK FURNITURE CO., 210 Main Street

GARAGES A. KRAMP CO., 617 Main Street CONNIE SERVICE, 637 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee MEL'S GARAGE, 110 N. Water Street SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc., 305 Third Street VOSS MOTORS, Inc., 301 W. Main Street WITTE, FARR and FROST, Inc., 119 Water Street

GROCERIES BENTZIN'S, 905 Main Street RIVERVIEW, 1020 N. Fourth Street HARDWARE & SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE STORE, 304 Main Street REX DRAHEIM, Inc., 107 Main Street KOERNER & PINGEL, 205-209 N. Second Street D. & F. KUSEL CO., 108 W. Main Street

HOTELS, MOTELS WASHINGTON HOTEL, 516 Main Street PRICE'S MOTEL, Hwy. 26, North

JEWELRY 1

SCHOENIKE'S JEWELRY, 408 Main Street WARREN'S JEWELRY, 111 Main Street

INSURANCE AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS, Appleton CHURCH MUTUAL INS. CO., Merrill, Wis. WM. C. KRUEGER, 312 Main Street LUTHERAN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Iowa READY AGENCY, 424 N. Washington Street LUMBER & FUEL HUTSON-BRAUN LUMBER CO., First Street WEST SIDE LUMBER CO., 210 Water Street MEAT MARKETS BLOCK'S MARKET, 112 Second Street JULIUS BAYER MEAT MARKET, 202 Third Street NEW YORK MARKET, 8 Main Street MEMORIALS WATERTOWN MEMORIAL CO., Inc., 112 Fourth St.

MEN'S CLOTHING STORES CHAS. FISCHER & SONS, 2 Main Street KERN'S, 114 Main Street KRIER'S, 101 Main Street PENNEY'S, 201 Main Street MILLING GLOBE MILLING CO., 318 Water Street MUSIC GUYER MUSIC STORE, 109 N. Third Street LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS, 415 E. Main Strc NEWSPAPER WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES, 115 W. Main Street OFFICE SUPPLIES MINAR OFFICE & SCHOOL SUPPLY, 407 Main Strecâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; ORGANS SCHLICKER ORGAN CO., Inc., Buffalo 17, N. Y. PAINTS ALBRECHT'S BADGER PAINT, 208 Third Street WURTZ PAINT & FLOOR COVERING, 117 Main 5 PHOTO FINISHERS CO-MO PHOTO CO., 217-219 N. Fourth Strec PHOTOGRAPHS AL RIPPE, 113 Second Street LEMACHER STUDIO, 115 N. Fourth St.

PIZZA EMIL'S PIZZA HUT, 414 E. Main Street FIN & TAIL, 108 S. Third Street

PLUMBERS GUSE, Inc., Highway 19, West WATERTOWN PLUMBING & HEATING, 103 W Cady

RADIO STATION WTTN, 104 W. Main Street RESTAURANTS EAST GATE INN, Old Hwy. 16 East LEGION GREEN BOWL, Oconomowoc Avenue L & L LUNCHEONETTE, 417 East Main Street SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN, 510 Main Street SHARP CORNER, Corner 9th & Main Streets ZWIEG'S GRILL, Main & Ninth Streets SAVINGS & LOAN WATERTOWN SAVINGS & LOAN, 3rd & Madison

SERVICE STATIONS BURBACH STANDARD SERVICE, 701 Main Street KARBERG'S, 501 S. Third Street SHOE STORES MEYER'S SHOE STORE, 206 Main Street RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE, 212 Main Street

SHOE REPAIR ART'S SHOE SERVICE, 119 N. Second Street SMOKE SHOP PI CAD ILLY, 406 Main Street

SUNDRIES TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO, 200 W. Main Street F. W. WOOLWORTH CO., 312-20 Main Street

THEATRES CLASSIC, 308 Main Street

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Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our firm is proud to have been selected to build the new pipe organ in the college chapel.

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In Watertown It's

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LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS 415 E. Main WATERTOWN

116 N. Main OCONOMOWOC

EVERYTHING IN MUSIC Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music

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: 1

Newly Remodeled

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1413 Oconomowoc Ave— Dial 261-9878

Phone 261-0863

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5 Main Street

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WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

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Over 105 Years of Service VOSS MOTORS, INC.

Julius Bayer Meat Market

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301 W. Main Street — Phone 261-1655 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

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115 N. Fourth Street

“The Bank of Friendly Service” Drive-In & Free Parking Lot

Phone 261-6607

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Rexall Pharmacy

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•

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CAMPUS AQUARIUM • • • •

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COMPLETE CITY and FARM STORE

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601 S. Elizabeth — Whitewater

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HARDWARE - SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE

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ROYAL CROWN COLA

PEDWIN, ROBLEE & FREEMAN

NEHI Fruit Flavors and Upper Ten

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SOLD IN THE CANTEEN

10% Discount, for Students

NEHI BOTTLING CO.

206 Main Street

MADISON. WISCONSIN

NOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO. hool Bus Transportation

Charter Trips

HAROLD KERR Phone LOgan 7-2189

< .re 1

OCONOMOWOC, WISCONSIN

FIN md TAIL

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Pizza — Fried Food3 — Delicatessen

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DIAL 261-5210

READ THE

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! ! Phone 261-4278

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Open 4 p. m. till ? ?

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l 5

FURNITURE

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Telephone 261-7459

SALES AND SERVICE

A. KRAMP CO. Watertown — Phone 261-2771

GUYER MUSIC STORE MUSIC — RECORDS

F. W. Woolworth Co.

RADIOS — PHONOS 312-20 Main Street 109 North Third Street

To Health"

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MILK

ICE CREAM

Watertown's First Grade A. Dairy 600 Union Street

Phone 261-3522

BLOCK'S MARKET

— Available at the Canteen — MAIL ORDERS OUR SPECIALTY

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; \\ •;

S C H U ETT’S

DRIVE-IN

HAMBURGERS — HOT DOGS FRIES — CHICKEN SHRIMP — FISH MALTS — SHAKES Serving Both Chocolate and Vanilla 510 Main Street - WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN - Phone 261-0774

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♦

■ - :i:

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:*t:

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*<■

E BLACK and RED

CONTENTS ,A. W.

EDITORIAL

SENIORS .Daniel Zimmermann

English

Gareth Schmeling .

POEM, The Sculpture

Roderick Luebchow

ORATIONS: German

FACULTY ..................

JUNIOR CLASS.........

SOPHOMORE CLASS

FRESHMEN CLASS

The Black and Red Staff

ALUMNI NOTES

43 .A. W.

NEWS

SPORTS

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

... 45 .. 46

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ............... .................. Editor Lynn Schroeder .................. .... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm ................. .. Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart.......... Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck___ _ ...............â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Alumni Karl Peterson ____ _ .... Sports Fred Fedke .. ....... ...... Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz .... ............ -..... Business Manager Paul Kelm ......... .............. . Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt .... ......... Advertising Manager ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MAHER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

June 1963

COVER DESIGNED BY FRED FEDKE. INSPIRED BY CLASS RING.

No. 2

fcditjohwl Once again that time of the year has come when a class of seniors is graduated from high schools and colleges. Through out our country valedictorians and salutatorians will be using the old cliche about “going out into the cold, cruel world,” and remarks such as, “It’s an evil world — and we’ve just inherited it.” Graduation ; t Northwestern has al ways been somewhat different. For one thing we don’t have valedictorian and salutatorian speeches as such. Two or three NWC graduate have traditionally deliv ered orations esc preparation required scholarly res* Remarks about “the cruel world” h. been absent, since gradu ation from North western for most students does not mean full entry into the world of men but rather three more years of study at a different campus. Certainly, some of the graduates will get married in the near future and most of them will be holding down part time or seasonal jobs. But by and large study at the seminary will be a continuation of academic life with the same classmates with which one has been associated since ninth grade.

“big shots,” but we will have serious obli gations. An extended period of schooling is balanced by the resulting position of grave responsibility. Immediately after graduation from the seminary we’ll be in positions which will require clear think ing and mature judgment based on what we have learned — or should have learned — during the past seven or eleven years. Will we be ready? Perhaps no one who becomes an ambassador of Christ in preaching the Gospel is completely ready for his calling. But it is a cinch that those who have not followed their high school and college callings of getting a liberal education and have not followed their seminary calling of studying theology will not be prepared for the high calling of the ministry. For the graduating seniors the four years alloted to them to fulfill their col lege calling have passed. Some have used those years commendably, others have wasted them and will regret it later on. For us who are still NWC students it is not yet too late. None of us as yet has to admit that he has wasted his college years. We still have one or more years left to fulfill our calling, that of learning Hebrew and Greek and getting a liberal education, before we embark on a more serious calling, that of studying theology, and before we enter upon the highest call ing of all, the Christian ministry. There is still time for us to work and achieve. Let us work while it is day, redeeming the time! a. w.

What does all this mean for us? Sim ply this: Since we continue our academic education seven years after high school and have seven more years of education than most people, when we do finish our schooling and get into the ministry we won’t be machinists or draftsmen or sales men on the lowest rung of an employeeadvancement ladder, but we’ll be in a po sition to which perhaps five hundred pa rishioners will be looking for spiritual ad vice and religious counsel. We won’t be 18

1 " .•***■•

QIoaa jof 1963 JAMES WESTENDORF

South Haven, Michigan PRESIDENT

The music department of NWC received a musical inocula tion when “ *Im" came to our campus after attending high school at Saginaw. During the course of his collegiate years he has par ticipated in Male Chorus, Mixed Chorus, Concert Band, and Pep Band. Having soon learned to follow, Jim became a capable leader. For the past three years he has served as president of his class and this year presided over Male Chorus, Band, and the Athletic Board. This year he also conducted the Pep Band and was drum major for the Marching Band. Jim’s journalistic abili ties were demonstrated by his serving as advertising manager, sports editor, and assistant editor of The Black and Red. Jim who is an ardent sports enthusiast, has actively participated in intramurals and likes to exercise by playing tennis or liftingweights. After working as a milkman this summer, this person able and congenial fellow will attend our seminary at Mequon.

ROGER DALLMANN

New Ulm, Minnesota VICE-PRESIDENT

With buddy Steve, Rog is a self-styled “plodding Schlafschuler," having early acquired the custom of dividing iiis sleep ing and waking hours evenly between scholastic and proletariat pursuits. When he’s not avoiding things that smack of Wiscon sin, Rog understandably plugs Minnesota all the way — its Twins, Vikings, Gophers, weather, late breakfasts, and ’56 Mere back home. This loyalty has stretched to include Northwestern and Watertown even though both lie over two hundred miles from the nearest Minnesota border. As the Seniors’ small man on cam pus - in size, surely not popularity — Rog has taken in a little bit of everything — piano, chorus, intramurals, tennis, and three years as class vice-president. If you want to make this young man happy, throw a party and invite plenty of reasons for him to forget his present bachelor status. Next fall, to find Rog, check Mequon’s Yellow Pages under Industries, Night Shift. Rog is seminary bound. 19

Neenah, Wisconsin

NEIL HANSEN TREASURER

After five years at Northwestern Neil has the distinction of being one of the two remcdials of the graduating class. Before deciding to prepare for the ministry, he spent four years of high school at Neenah High, and two years at the University of Wis consin studying sociology with an eye on a major in penal cor rection. It is debatable whether or not this is what prompted his classmates to entrust him with the duties of class treasurer for four years and Dorm Council representative for two. Week ends find Neil in Neenah working as a night watchman to pay for the autos that our most active “horse trader” has owned. As hobbies he likes to listen to folk music and, when the season arrives, take to the field after the wary pheasant. He also played two years of varsity baseball and the same number of tennis. Neil will continue his education at die seminary in Mequon.

KERMIT HABBEN

Raymond, South Dakota

DORM COUNCIL PRESIDENT

Anyone who has talked with the iron-fisted autocrat of the college dorm realizes that Kerni finds a unique way of combining business with congeniality. “H-H-Habs" is a seasonal farmer, occasional hunter, and full-time shepherd of his flock. Since coming from Mobriclgc, he has played three years of varsity bas ketball and has managed the football and baseball teams. His energy is boundless, and if you’ve ever heard his chatter during a game, you know he is the epitome of school spirit. Off the field Kerin is quiet and unassuming, easy to get along with. His fa vorite class is history, but none of them seem to give him any trouble. In spite of his Dakota dry humor, he remains unob trusive, never complaining and conscientiously “greasing” with rewarding results. "Habs” walks softly but carries a big stick. The near future will take Kerm to Mequon, but rumor has it that his ambition is to become the next president of the synod.

ROBERT BERG

New Richland, Minnesota One of he most likable fellows and biggest tricksters on cam pus is Bob Berg. He attended public grade school in Alma City, Minnesota, and was graduated from New Richland High School. Then Bob attended Mankato State College for two years, where he was majoring in English and speech. After working for one year, he enrolled as a remedial at Northwestern in 1960. As for school sen-ices, Bob was one of the piano players for chapel and also showed his school spirit as a cheerleader for two years. He is a member of Forum and had parts in the operetta "Where’s Charlie” and “The Hidden River.” Bob is presently working part time at Bethesda and is the organist for our congregation in Lowell. He was a Sunday School teacher at St. Mark’s for two years. Berg claims the distinction of being the first student to graduate from Northwestern without ever having attended a Latin class. Bob’s favorite subject is German, and he enjoys singing German hymns. He will continue his studies at the seminary next year. 20

Grand Island, Nebraska LARRY CROSS Larry, who is known to his classmates as L.C., came to North western in his Frosh year after graduating from Northwestern Lutheran Academy in Mobridge. Larry has taken an active part in intramurals for four years and was a member of Northwestern’s Male Chorus for two years. Larry’s is a familiar face to anyone who attends our basketball games. For three years he has been a basketball manager, and as official scorckeeper he was accredit ed with not a few Northwestern victories. Larry was born in Gothenburg, Nebraska, and now makes his home in Grand Island. "L.C.” has an interest in mathematics, and he enjoys all sports. Last year, during Easier vacation, Larry and a group of friends from school went on a trip out West to tour Arizona and a bit of Mexico. This year, during Easter vacation they again tourccl the West Coast. After completing four years at Northwestern, Larry plans to continue in the work of the Lord at Mequon.

Maribel, Wisconsin JONATHON ENGEL Jon, known to his friends as Bengel, is in a sense a knight of the open road. He has lived in three different places since he came to Northwestern eight years ago. From the word “go" Jon has been a solid pillar of support for the canteen. He has taken part in football and belongs to the “N" Club. At one time Jon had the biggest stereo set in the dorm. He likes jazz and is also interested in English and church history. If he looks a little sleepy during the day, it’s because he doesn’t wake up until 11:00 p. m. For several summers he worked with the Howe Silo Company. Having no claim to fame he says that he is neither the biggest nor the dumbest nor the smallest nor the most ath letic guy around. This good-natured and happy-go-lucky fellow hasn’t decided whether it’s off to the seminary or the Peace Corp next fall.

WILLIAM GABB

Milwaukee, Wisconsin Bill is completing an eight-year stay on our campus. Flic music department was probably the department to benefit the most from it. For four years and two tours with the Male Chor us and three years in the College Glee Club, Bill’s voice has been ringing out loud and clear. During his junior year he directed the Prep Glee Club and this year the College Glee Club. Bill’s hobby, strangely enough, is singing in a student barbershop quartet called The Lost Chords. To round out his extracurricu lar activities. Bill played varsity football and baseball, was a member of, and in his senior year president of, the Forum So ciety, and served as assistant tutor in the Prep Dorm. During the summers Bill's place of employment ranged from a Milwaukee steel factor)' to an Idaho national forest. Next fall die seminary will gain a good natured fellow who enjoys jokes, singing, get ting into bull sessions, and studying Hebrew.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin KENNETH GAWRISCH It would be hard to imagine what any of this school’s vocal organizations would be like without Ken's antics and wit. Long a common sight on campus, he sang, for three years in the Mixed Chorus and in the Male Chorus during all of his years of col lege accompanying and enlivening the latter on two of its tours. This year his strong tenor voice lent support to the Glee Club, and he also helped make the college quartet, The Lost Chords, so successful and popular. As far as his interests are concerned, Ken especially goes for outdoor sports, whether it be hunting, fishing, golf, or archery. He actively participated in practically all intramural sports, and for two years his bowling team cap tured the championship. On weekends he has a way of making himself scarce. For the last six years he’s been working at a paint store in Milwaukee every chance he gets. And especially now has his financial status become of some concern to him, since he has joined the other engaged members of his class. “Gawah” will take his Chevy II to the seminary next year, there to continue his studies. GERALD GEIGER

Buffalo, Minnesota Gerald, who spent his prep years in New Ulm, has devoted much of his time during the past four years to his position as publicity director of Northwestern. This job entails writing up news stories of all current events on campus, including sports, and submitting diem to Watertown, Madison, and Milwaukee newspapers. Through Geiger’s efTorts scores of Northwestern games are flashed throughout Wisconsin and, by means of the API and UPI wires, through the entire United States. Geiger’s hobby is photography, and action sports pictures often accom pany his articles. His favorite subjects are religion and Hebrew, and he has been awarded AAL scholarships for the past three years. He is one of the students who plays the new chapel organ for services. At 6' 3", he is the second tallest member of the senior class. Gerald, who will attend the seminary next fall, comes from a family of five who arc all either in the work of the Church or are preparing for such work.

WILLIAM GOEHRING Sanborn, Minnesota If you see a red bug with four wheels coming down the road, you can almost be sure it’s Goehring and his new ’62 Volks wagen. He came to Northwestern College directly from New Ulm, where he acquired his nickname “Gilbert” when they chan ged everyone’s name around. Nice and likable, he is known to blush easily when kidded. During his stay at Northwestern he has participated in intramurals, where he was a basketball star, in Band, and in Male Chorus. During the school year he has work ed part-time for Wisconsin Plant Food, Inc. His liking for geography and love to examine road maps prompted him to be a 3-4 senior trip man, to work in Idaho for a summer, and to work for the Minnesota Highway Department the following sum mer. So far he doesn't know whether he will work in a fire fighting crew in Oregon or do construction work at home. In the fall he plans to sec his classmates at Thiensville.

Lake Mills, Wisconsin WALTER GOERS. Jr. A decision to continue the same studies which will bring Wally to Mequon next year added five years to the four already logged in Prep. For a veteran, though, the big little man of the Class ’63 has been more than ornamental. A singular gift of Musiltgefuchl added depth to all of the college’s musical orga nizations, Male and Mixed Choruses, Glee Club, Band, and Pep Band. Only the Girls' Glee Club refused him membership. In a similar field of endeavor Wally managed to hold down the mellow bass third of Northwestern's own Imperial Frio, most often accompanying with a folksy, eight-string mandolin, one of nearly a dozen instruments he can play. A '50 Cadillac, "the old est but shiniest one on the lot," has served tolerably well for both work and play, the latter referring to time spent with a cer tain someone in Lake Mills. Look for Wally, and his voice and mandolin, and his car, look for them all to finally pull up slakes and move on. Northwestern’s loss will be Mequon's gain.

Waukesha, Wisconsin JOHN GRAF John’s friendly personality and efficiency have been shown to almost every student through his position as an assistant li brarian. in which capacity he has served for three years. He is born of Swiss parentage and proud of it. Though American his tory is his favorite subject, he has shown a deep interest in music, finding time to master the organ and to participate in the Male Chorus, die Glee Club, and a barbershop chorus at Jefferson. Throughout his eight years at Northwestern his curiosity has of ten caused him to delve into the "why’s and wherefore’s." At die end of his sophomore year his love for simplicity and out door life prompted him to go to Idaho to fight blister rust and forest fires. With home interests restraining him the following year, he found work in Alloy Products Corp. Recently he has purchased a ’53 Ford, in which he will go to Thiensville to con tinue his preparation for God’s work.

MARTIN HAHM

Theresa, Wisconsin The nordi end of the first floor of East Hall won’t be the same next year without Marty and his assembly of woofers and tweeters. Full volume on his hi-fi always suits him best, and he finds a background of Brubeck or some similar music conducive to Hebrew scholarship. From die time diat Marty arrived at Northwestern in Quinta, he has shown unusual imagination in his literary efforts and is remembered for his unique composi tions in Professor Rhoda’s Freshman English course. More re cently he has taken to writing plays (under the pseudonym of Mort Krahn). Intramurals, three years of varsity football, and diree years in die Male Chorus have also kept him busy. Be sides having an interest in these activities, Marty is a part-time member of NWC’s “weight-lifting society.” This summer Marty plans to get in a little swimming and archery between his hours at a canning factory. After diat it’s the seminary for Marty.

23 ■*:

Appleton, Wisconsin LAVERN HOLZ It was not long after his arrival from Fox Valley Lutheran that this Senior had the nickname “Woody” tagged on him. The name has stuck, a fact for which Woody has understandably been glad. After completing two years of schooling at Northwestern, he transferred to Wisconsin for a semester of premedical train ing. But he soon realized that Northwestern was his home. His return made it possible for all to benefit from his professional refereeing abilities. Besides enjoying refereeing, he is an avid sports fan, both participating in and followng practically all sports. In fact, he has become an expert in the field of just “how the game should be played,” and is allegedly the author of the book How to Play the Game of Basketball. Hardly any one will remember him for his year of drumming in the band, but he will undoubtedly be remembered for his fine performances as a master of ceremonies. In his junior year some of the home coming festivities were conducted by him, and this year he served as M. C. for the Variety Show. The coming year will find Woody on the golf courses about Mcquon, still trying to check that wicked slice of his.

ALFRED JANNUSCH

Camp Douglas, Wisconsin Alphie comes from a town which at one time in the distant past used to serve as a logger’s camp. He is another of those battle-scarred veterans who have finally reached the pinnacle after eight long years at Northwestern. Intramurals offered some recreation for him, and consequently he has played softball for several years. In order to pass the hot summers, he does some casual fishing from time to time. The past few seasons he has also worked at a plant where they make tanks for milk trucks. While at school he developed some interest in history and He brew. In his spare time he is busy concocting delicious pizzas for the Fin and Tail. Although he was an avid fan of television, lie has of late forsaken that little black box for more stimulating pursuits. He grudgingly admits that he has a few pains in the neck over the car setup here. After a pleasant and profitable summer Alphie plans to head for the seminary.

FRED KOGLER

North St. Paul, Minnesota “Fat Freddy" came to Northwestern as a remedial student from North St. Paul High School in Minnesota, which he claims is God’s country. Being an extrovert, Fred has done a little bit of everything. He is most famous for his cool sax, with which he enlivens the pep band. As a member of the Forum Society he has directed a choral reading group and acted various comi cal cut-up parts. He has taken the lecture series from first base and scored often as an ambassador of our school. During the school year he worked at Meyer’s Shoe Store, about which he is propagandistic. His love for children has prompted him to teach Sunday School at St. Marks. Moreover, he has shown activity in football, intramurals, Male Chorus, Glee Club, Band, monitor ing the Prep Dorm, and even in becoming president of his class as a frosh. He plans to continue his preparation for the ministry at Mequon.

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EUGENE KOCK

Eau Claire, Wisconsin

Gene is a member of the sizable contingent that came from New Ulm to join the Northwestern ranks. While at Luther Gene was chosen to receive an award for being the best athlete of his class. When he came to NWG, he concentrated on basket ball and with a deadly accurate jump shot from long range proved to be an outstanding scorer in his junior and senior years. This past year he scored close to 400 points and presently holds the Gateway Conference scoring record for a single game which he set by scoring 41 points against the conference champion; Lakeland College. Since Gene comes from the basketball town of Eau Claire, he is always one of the first to get on the "Old Abes" bandwagon, but the last few years during the state tournament he has been a bit disappointed by them. During the spring after noons Gene can be found on the Watertown links trying to avoid the sand traps and water hazards. Gene’s quick smile and friend ly manner will be the seminary’s gain next year.

NORMAN KUSKE

Glencoe, Minnesota

No doubt Norm’s greatest claim to fame among his class mates is the position of smoke jumper Uiat he held last summer. There seems to be no end to the interest in the exciting tales of our own “paratrooper." With the advent of the football season Norm incorporates die physical prowess of his two hundred pounds into the center of the Trojan line. Anyone who has witnessed his hard hitting, from the bleachers or less fortunately, from the opposing line will agree that he well deserved the three big "N’s” of his career. Norm’s less athletic pursuits include sing ing in the Male Chorus and working on anything that is electri cal. This year, as roommate of The Black and Red’s Campus and Classroom editor, he received more press-publicity than ever before. His pleasant disposition, however, has enabled him to come through unscathed. Having completed eight years on our campus. Norm plans to make the seminary his new home.

GERHARD LAMBRECHT

Kingston, Wisconsin Gerhard, better known as Pooch or, in some of his worse moments, die Jew, is somewhat of a "loner.” Before he came here to Northwestern, he attended high school at Winnebago Lutheran Academy. One of his favorite hobbies is making wine. He doesn’t spend all of his time in the wine cellar, but finds plenty of opportunities to do some fishing, boating, and wood working. Because he is a Volkswagen fan and has, as he terms it, “the biggest library of Volkswagen manuals anywhere," it is no surprise to find that Cadillacs are his pet peeve. To gain an education outside of the classroom and some other benefits, he has worked at Penney's in his spare time. Since he claims never to have wasted a minute in his whole life, his free time must be rare. Having taken part in no campus activities, he is leaving no mark for posterity. After he gadiers some pleasure and funds over the summer, he plans to go to the seminary.

WILLIAM MEIER

Whiteriver, Arizona "My whole life is a question mark,” muses Bill. If this is true it’s not because of a lack in sense of direction. Bill’s plans include Mequon and the ministry. It no doubt rather betrays a winning personality trait that keeps you guessing what’s com ing up next. No stranger anywhere. Bill snared six letters in the fall and winter sports, also managing to add his colorful bit to the College’s chief musical and dramatic organizations. A yen for leadership and a pint-sized VW won him executive positions on the "N” Club and Car Committee respectively, while some small pull with his Councilmates copped for him the honorific Dorm Council vicc-cxccutiveship. To pad his academic pocketbook, "Ma" tapped a variety of jobs for revenue, among them shoveling, scrubbing, and silver-tongued salesmanship. But if it's a love you're looking for in Bill’s life, stop! There’s no need mentioning any further recreational pursuits. To complete this picture of interrogative manhood add only a permanent lifting of the sent bans next September, "Please!”

DAVID NEUMANN Oshkosh, Wisconsin Having vaulted through college on the hottest cue stick in the dorm, Dave is submitting the future to careful consideration. He would appear to be extremely interested in die inter-synodi cal relations question, since he preppecl at Concordia, Milwaukee, after a Wisconsin Synod grade school education. Dave is an enthusiastic baseball fan, and his spirit extends to the intramural field. His tenor voice was a senior-year addition to the Male Chorus. For relaxation Dave experiments with his guitar and takes in listening and dancing music. The big mystery of his college career is why he spends every weekend at home. Dave’s roommate feels that "sacking" and “greasing" are his hobbies, but his pool game attests to at least a sideline. If you don’t see Dave straight on, you might miss him, or so the seniors say. We hope the tall, dark "thin man” with the elfish smile will de cide in favor of the seminary.

DANIEL PAUTZ

Two Rivers, Wisconsin Dan is one of the members of this year’s Senior class who has spent eight years at NWC. Since he comes from the heart of “Packerland," it was no surprise for Dan to become one of the best football players ever to don a Trojan uniform. For having lettered in all four of his collegiate years, Dan was given the NWC merit trophy and an Honorable Mention on this year’s All-State Team. The determination and spirit of this hard-hit ting guard kept him in the line-up for his last two collegiate games, even though he was playing with a broken hand. Dan also was a member of the Athletic Board for three years and die Dormitory Council this year. He participated actively in intra murals and was twice a member of the championship bowling team. In his spare time Dan likes to customize ’55 Fords and study his favorite subject, German. After spending the summer building silos, Dan will attend the seminary.

Woodland, California WILLIAM RUSSOW William Russow is probably the only student who was given a nickname by a professor’s wife. Professor Schroedcr's wife called him "cherub"; the students took it from there, and called him “Chub," and "Rub." "Aye, there’s the 'Rub' " was a familiar call on the first floor this year. That Bill is quite well known around campus is partially the result of his working as a waiter in the dining hall for five years. He also was a member of Male Chorus for two years. Bill was guard for the Trojans for two years, and he took an active part in intramurals. Bill makes his home in Woodland, California. He is quite interested in home missions and youth work and thinks the West, especially California and Arizona, would be a receptive area in need of such work. Bill is one of a number of eight-year men, and he plans to continue his education at the seminary in Mcquon next fall.

St. Paul, Minnesota ROGER SACHS Roger was a 1958 graduate of Rosemount High School in Rosemount, Minnesota. After attending the University of Minne sota for a short time, he came to Northwestern as a remedial un der the four-year plan. Roger has spent a good deal of his spare time working to pay for his school expenses. He has worked in the Canteen and at Wisconsin Plant Food, Incorporated, where he was number one kicker. Roger is a quiet fellow, but behind that silent front lies a keen intellect. He is graduating near the top of his class and is interested in classical languages, especial ly Greek. He has taken four and one half years of Greek in four years. Rand, a modern philosopher, is his favorite author. He is also noted among his classmates as a card shark. During the past year, he was one of three seniors who lived in the prep dorm and assisted the tutors there. Mission work, both at home and abroad, has been an especial interest to Roger. He will move on to Mcquon next September.

GARETH SCHMELING

Algoma, Wisconsin

Since Gary plans to do post-graduate work at the Univer sity of Wisconsin, he will be one of the few members of his class who will not be at Mequon in September. Gary’s scholastic achie vements at Northwestern have been numerous, and he has been awarded a Knapp fellowship for the next year. Starting in June, Gary will continue his studies in Latin and Greek and will work for his master's degree. This year in recognition of his ability Gary was chosen to give the English oration for the commence ment exercises and was also given a Dr. Ott Award for his re search paper entitled "Studies on tire Origin of the Holy Grail." Last year the Forum Society appreciated Gary’s talent when he directed a program called "When Shakespeare’s Gentlemen Get Together," and as editor of the Campus and Classroom column in The Black and Red, Gary gave appropriate comments on our student life at Northwestern. Besides engaging in these activi ties, he belonged to the Male Chorus for three years and was active in intramural sports. 27

Watertown, Wisconsin KENT SCHROEDER In the spring of his freshman year Kent was elected an Ad vertising Manager of The Black and Red staff. Since then he has also served as Business Manager and in his senior year as Editor-in-chief of what many believe has been one of the finest volumes of The Black and Red in recent years. For his further extracurricular activity as well as recreation, Kent turn ed to varsity football and baseball as well as to intramural ath letics. For three years he sang second bass in the Male Chorus. Still enough book time remained to enable him to sustain a high scholastic average. During this last Easter vacation Kent joined eight of his classmates in a grand tour of the West. In the summer he is a member of a construction crew and spends his spare time golfing and swimming. After eight years at North western the oldest of the Schroeder boys will continue his study at our seminary in Mequon.

STEVEN STERN

Sanborn, Minnesota The '‘star" of this year’s Senior class is the likable, jovial Steve Stern. Steve came to NWC after prepping at DMLHS in his home state of Minnesota. During the last four years he has participated in Band, Male Chorus, and intramural sports. Un like his Hebrew-loving classmates, Steve enjoys writing term pa pers and studying religion. Being from Gopherland, he is a vociferous Twins’ and Vikings’ fan. He doesn’t have the only record collection in the dormitory, but may well be the only owner of two stereo record players. Steve has spent his spare time with two odd jobs. When he is not selling Brand "X" record players, he works as an industrial maintenance engineer. His favorite on-campus pastimes are engaging in bull sessions and sacking out before he goes to bed. After working this sum mer for the Continental Can Company, he will park his bur gundy mist ’57 Chevrolet in the seminary’s lot.

HAROLD STURM Merrill, Wisconsin In 1959 there occurred an event of great moment for Harry— Wausau took the state high school basketball championship. He was in his glory then, and as of yet has failed to get over it. Actually, Harry is an avid backer of all Wisconsin sports. A team couldn’t ask for a stronger supporter. He remains one of the few who still have enough nerve to admit that they're Braves fans. Also an active sports participant, he played on the col lege football team for three years, lettering in two of them. As a defensive tackle he could always be called upon, being big enough to plug up any hole. For two years he bowled on a champion team and was an enthusiastic intramural player. His big grin has been a special feature on campus for eight years. Known for his sly, clever remarks, he's not afraid to say what he thinks. Although he took a trip out West last year, this past Easter vacation there was something else that caught his inter est. Harry is not the only engaged member of his class, but he can boast that he’s the most recent. Next year the seminary will gain this most likable person. 28

ARTHUR VALERIO

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Artie’s favorite hobby is a certain "Teddy Bear," and he has a record to back this up. During his eight years he has spent only three weekends here, and working isn’t really that alluring. Three years of baseball and football together with two years of chorus have kept him busy, but he still manages to watch a lot of T.V., especially when there’s a rocket launching. One might almost think Artie was a Jew, judging by his bargains on the bulletin board. "Early to bed, and rise if you must" is his motto. An obvious pet peeve of his is shaving, but lie claims a strong aversion for Volkswagens also. Among his likes are Hebrew class and music with a lot of brass. Artie is an outdoorsman who enjoys fishing, and his cottage on Shawano Lake is becom ing a popular site for the class “brawl." To continue his studies at Mequon is his intention for the near future.

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin VERNE VOSS Verne’s interests have been mainly directed toward music since he came to Northwestern from Winnebago Lutheran Acade my. In addition to participating in the Male Chorus and Mixed Chorus as a tenor for four years, Verne directed chapel schola and sang in the Glee Club his senior year. Verne’s trademark is his ability to play almost any stringed instrument, from the ban jo to the guitar to die bass, and this probably accounts for his being the main impetus behind the formation of the Imperial Trio. This highly polished, professional-like group, interested mainly in folk singing, has made a number of appearances both on and oir campus and has come to be recognized as a very tal ented group, always in demand for return engagements. In his spare time Verne also teaches music lessons at Guyer’s in Watertown and takes part in Northwestern’s intramural program. Next year will find Verne at the seminary with his trio intact.

WALTER WESTPHAL

Jefferson, Wisconsin

Wally has the privilege of being the first student of North western to be a member of the Jefferson County Barbershop Chorus. For three years he has also been an active member of Northwestern’s Male Chorus and was a member of the Forum Society for one year. His academic interests arc centered around mathematics and English. Wally occupies his free time with drawing and has used this talent as Art Editor of The Black and lied for two years. Wally was born in Jefferson, where he spent his summers helping his parents with their mink ranch. This summer, however, he plans to spend quite a bit of lime swinging in trees as a tree trimmer. Last year Wally’s M.G. was the envy of many a earless student’s eye, but since he no longer has it, lie says his life is a "Saab” story. After eight years at Northwestern Wally plans to continue his studies at Mequon next fall.

HERBERT WINTERSTEIN

Saginaw, Michigan When breakfast is served and half eaten, in comes Herb late again from his bus route. But driving bus is one of the many activities which Herb has undertaken. His booming bass has resounded in the Male Chorus and in various quartets and trios. He has shown ability as an assistant to li & R editor, a dorm council member, and captain of a two-year champion bowling team. His hobbies include piano playing and linguistics. Re ported to be the strongest man on campus, he has helped set up our weights system. He is known to be deep in a philosophi cal book one minute and saying “a hoia" in another. Coming from Michigan, he is a rather outspoken fan of the Lions and Michigan in general. In his sophomore year Herb was in a car accident which almost caused him to lose his voice. But modern surgery has healed him and he is ready to continue his work at Mequon.

WILLIAM ZIEBELL

U,..

DANIEL ZIMMERMANN

Burlington, Wisconsin

Bill had already made a start in life before he decided to study for the ministry. After attending public grade and high schools in Burlington, lie went to seek his fortune in Chicago and did office work there for two years. Then Bill returned to school and studied for one year at Concordia College, Milwau kee. He has been at Northwestern the past three years under the remedial program. Most of Bill’s interests run along cul tural lines. He enjoys the legitimate stage, likes to attend con certs, and also listens to FM concerts. He is a regular reader of the "Saturday Revue," “The Atlantic,” and "Harpers,” Dur ing summer vacations he has worked as a waiter at fashionable night clubs near his home. Trying to cope with a heavier than average study load has curtailed his participation in extracur ricular activities. Bill's favorite subjects are English and He brew, and he wll most likely continue his studies at Mequon next fall.

Hustisford, Wisconsin

Dan, sometimes called Zim, is a diligent and iron-willed person. Despite the rocky road and an occasional encounter with Kuske, Dan has completed eight years at Northwestern. During this time he has maintained a straight A average. In addition, probably in line with the Greek ideal, he has been very- active in the band and chorus. Although he was laid up the last part of this year with a bad finger, Dan has taken part in all die intramurals he could. Knowing his proficiency in the language, we are not astonished to find that he is going to give the German oration. His favorite subject is Hebrew and he hopes to do some post-graduate work in it. Another one of his choice pastimes is listening to classical music. Last year he took third in a national Greek translation contest. This year Dan was called upon to assist several students in the capacity of a Greek tutor. If all goes well, Dan plans to enter die seminary next fall. 30

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(Serman ©rattan I

PLOTINOS, DER PLATONIKER Nichts Positives kann man ueber das Plotinos wurde im Jahre 205 nach Christo geboren. Sein Geburtsort war in unbeschreibliche Eine sagen. Es denkt Aegypten, welches damals zu dem roemi- nicht, hat kein Leben, keine Bewegung, keine Wahrnehmung und keine Erkenntschen Reich gehoerte. Als er acht und zwanzig Jahre alt war, nis. Es ist zu hoch und erhaben fuer so fing er an, Philosophic zu studieren. Am- etwas. Wenn es in dem Denken, dem Le monius Saccas, ein Platoniker, war elf ben, oder der Bewegung teilnehmen sollte, so waere seine einfache Einheit unterJahre lang sein Lehrer. Im Jahre 245 reiste Plotinos nach graben. Das Eine ist aber die Quelle und UrRom, um Philosophic zu lehren. Hier lebte und wirkte er bis nahe zum Tode. sache aller Dinge, besonders des Geistes, der zweiten Hypostase der geistlichen Welt. Im Jahre 270 ist er gestorben. Waehrend der letzten fuenfzehn Jahre Mai> kann den Geist keine Schoepfung des seines Lebens verfasste Plotinos vier und Einen nennen, denn obgleich er durcli das fuenfzig philosophische Abhandlungen, Eine Dasein hat, ist die Erzeugung des welche zu neun Gruppen, die man En- Geistes ohne irgendeine Taetigkeit, Be neades nennt, vereinigt worden sind. Ob- wegung oder Wahrnehmung der ersten gleich die Abhandlungen in einem minder- Hypostase geschehen. Der Geist ist cine wertigen Sill geschrieben und niemals re- Emanation, die von dem Einem ausstrahlt vidiert wurden, bilden sie doch eine um- wie Licht von der Sonne, aber das hoech fassende Auslegung der Philosophic des ste Prinzip wird nicht durch die Ausstrahlung vermindert. Verfassers. Der Geist ist nicht so einfach wie las Man nennt Plotinos einen Platoniker, weil seine Philosophie von Plato abgeleitet Eine, weil er Leben und Taetigkeit at. ward, dem bekannten griechischen Philo- Obgleich er deswegen nicht so hoch wie las sophen, der ungefaehr vier hundert Jahre Eine ist, wird er als wahr, unwandell ar, vor Christo gelebt hat. Seine Philosophie vollkommen und ewig bezeichnet. Se ne besondere Aufgabe ist das Denken. Er nennt man Neuplatonismus. denkt aber nur an die urbildlichen Ideen. Die Grundlage dieser Philosophie ist Da der Geist mit der Summe der urbild eine scharfsinnige Unterscheidung zwi- lichen Ideen sich identifizieren laeszt, schen der geistlichen Welt und der materi- denkt er nur an sich selbst. ellen Welt. Die Geistliche Welt ist ein Die vorbildlichen Ideen, woran der ueberirdischer Ort: der einzige Ort, wo die wahre Realitaet besteht. Hier ist die Hei- Geist denkt, sind zweierlei Art. Es gibt mat der urbildlichen Ideen, z. b., des Guten Ideen von abstrakten Begriffen, die Plo und des Schoenen. Die Welt der Materie, tinos genera nent, z. b., die Identitaet, das oder die sinnliche Welt, ist diejenige, die Sein und die Bewegung. Auch gibt es wir mit unseren Sinnesorganen wahmeh- Ideen, die mit Objekten der sinnlichen men. Sie ist eine unvollkommene und Welt uebereinstimmen. Solche sind die mangehafte Nachbildung der Ideen der Ideen von Menschen, Pferden, Baeumen, Stemen und Feuer. echten geistlichen Welt. Diese Vorbilder sind nicht vergaenglich Nach Plotinos gibt es in der geistlichen Welt drei Hypostasen: das Eine, der Geist wie ihre sinnlichen Nachbildungen, sondem sie sind ewig und unwandelbar, und und die Seele. Weil Plotinos glaubte, dasz das Hoehere wie gesagt, sie zusammen bilden den Geist. einfacher sein muesse, ist das Eine (die Die Seele, die dritte Hypostase der einfachste Hypostase) das hoechste Prin- geistlichen Welt, ist eine Ausstrahling des zip des Neuplatonismus. Es ist das abso Geistes. Ihr Wesen laeszt sich mit demlute Sein und laeszt sich mit dem Ersten jenigen des Geistes vergleichen. Plotinos identifizieren: d. h., es ist Gott selbst. bezeichnet sie als rein, ewig und vollkom31

men. Es gibt aber zwei wichtige Unter- dem sie Identitaet mit dem Geist erlangt schiede zwischen dem Geist und der Seele. hat, faengt sie an, nach Einigung mit dem Erstens, die Seele denkt nicht an sich hoechsten Prinzip zu streben. Um Identi selbst, sondem an den Geist. Zweitens, taet mit dem Einen zu erlangen, musz die waehrend der Geist immer in der obem Seele alle Bewegung, alles Denken und Welt bleibt, musz die Seele zur Materie Wahmehmen aufgeben. Sie musz so etherabsteigen, um ihr das Leben zu geben. was ueberwinden, um Gott zu werden. Die in der geistlichen Welt bleidende Wir Christen koennen mit dem NeuSeele kann man die Gesamtseele oder Welt- platonismus selbstverstaendlich nicht iiberseele nennen, weil sie das Weltall beseelt, einstimmen. Weil diese Philosophic nicht ohne von der obem Welt herunterzukom- durch Nachforschung der Offenbarung men. Plotinos nennt das Weltall eine Gottes in der Heiligen Schrift erbaut wird, Schoepfung der Weltseele, nicht weil die sondem durch die menschliche Vemunft, Seele die Materie erschafft, sondem weil so kann der Neuplatonismus die goettliche sie der Materie Leben und Form gibt. Die Wahrheit nicht erfassen. Materie selbst hat keine wahre Existenz. Der Plotinische Gott ist ganz anders Nur duch die Weltseele hat sie eine Nach- als der wahre, christliche Gott. Nach Plo bildung der Existenz. tinos ist Gott zu erhaben fuer das Denken, Verschiedene Teile der Gesamtseele die Bewegung, oder irgendeine andere Taesteigen von der geistlichen Welt herunter, tigkeit. Darum kann er allein die Welt um nicht nur Menschen, sondem auch nicht erschaffen, sondem zwei AusstrahPflanzen und Tiere zu beseelen. Diese lungen, der Geist und die Seele, muessen Seelen werden aber nicht gaenzlich von zwischen Gott und der Welt sein. Der der Gesamtseele abgesondert. Obgleich Gott des Neuplatonismus hat gar nichts die Seele geteilt ist, ist sie doch zugleich mit der Materie zu tun. ungeteilt. Man kann so • twas nicht verIm Gegensatz dazu hat der wahre Gott stehen; man kann es nur ein Paradox nen nicht nur Denken und Bewegung, sondem nen. auch Zom und Liebe. Wir wissen, dasz Plotinos beschrei' »! * t 'Icrabsteigung Er die Welt erschaffen hat, und Er hat der Seelen als Ausstruh- t '.gen der Gesamt selbst versprochen, dasz Er sie immer beseele. Ein himmlisc * ; ichtstrahl von hueten und erhalten wird, bis zum Juengder dritten Hypostasc < iteiiit in jeden sten Tag. Auch schaemt er sich der Ma Menschenkoerper und m.-'.ht ilin lebendig. terie, seiner Schoepfung, nicht; denn sein Dieser Lichtstrahl, ein ild der Gesamt Sohn Jesus Christus ist selbst ein Mensch seele, ist das wahre Selbsi des Menschens. mit einem materiellen Koerper geworden, Weil eine jede wahre Existenz direkt und hat Fleisch und Blut an sich genomoder indirekt von dem Einen hcrausstrahlt, men. Nach Plotinos ist die Menschenseele hat nicht nur der Geist, sondem auch die Seele ein goettliches Wesen. Darum stre ein goettlicher Lichtstrahl aus einer geist ben sie beide nach dem hoeheren Zustand. lichen Welt. Ihr Wesen ist deswegen Der Geist versucht, zu dem Einen zurueck- suendlos und des Guten faehig. Sie kann zukehren, und die Seele strebt nach Eini sich von der Materie durch Nachdenken gung erstens mit dem Geist und endlich ueber den Geist] befreien. Ja, freilich kann sie nach Einigung mit Gott streben. mit dem hoechsten Prinzip: dem Einen. Im Gegensatz dazu sagt die Heilige Die Menschenseele soil so etwas auch tun, aber wenn eine Seele herabsteigt, ist Schrift dasz nicht nur der Leib, sondem es fuer sie gefaehrlich. Da die Materie die auch die Seele des Menschen von Geburt Ursache aller Schlechtigkeit ist, soil sich suendig und verderbt ist. Darum strebt die die Seele nicht zu viel um sie bekuemmem, Seele des Menschen nicht nach Gott, son denn es ist moeglich, dasz die Seele ihren dem nach den Suenden. Sie kann sich geistlichen Zustand vergesse und ihre selbst nicht helfen; nur durch Gottes Gnade wird sie gerettet. wahre Existenz verliere. Um so etwas zu vermeiden, musz die DAN ZIMMERMANN Menschenseele an den Geist denken. Nach32

Wi]t ^nglisl] (©ration .

ANCIENT HISTORY THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY On May 31, 1873, a few miles east of the Aegean Sea and south of the Helles pont on the lofty plains of windy Troy, Heinrich Schliemann wrote in his day book, “I laid bare a stretch of Troy and discovered a copper container filled with silver and gold cups. To keep these from the workmen’s greed, I had to extract them, hide them in my wife’s shawl, and send them off in such haste that I neither know their number nor am I in a position to describe them.” These excavations opened a new and extremely interesting door to ancient his tory. Schliemann thought that he had found the mythical city of Troy, the city immortalized by Homer in the Iliad, the city which was fooled by the wooden horse, the city whose leading lady was Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world. Later study showed that Schliemann had not found Homer’s Troy, but the city buried under Troy, and upon which Priam, King of Troy, had built his city. Schliemann had dug too deep. “But,” as Prof. Mackenderick says, “for all his error and amateur ishness, Schliemann was a pioneer, the founder of the new science of archaeolo gy.” For archaeology is the science dealing with the past of mankind, but its basic task is to uncover lost history through ex cavations and reconstructions of extinct civilizations. As such it is similar to geolo gy, in that archaeology seeks evidence from beneath the surface of the earth. Schliemann began his work with de sire and enthusiasm, not for gold and rich es, but for evidence of a lost civilization. Before Schliemann’s digging at Troy, it was thought that Homer’s Iliad was a myth and that Troy never existed. But through this new science of archaeology Schliemann has established Troy and its riches as an historical fact. To prove this, Schliemann learned to depend on such seemingly insignificant items as potsherds and pieces of clay pottery with distinct markings. These could be classified and dated by comparing them to known works of ancient art. Archaeologists rely very heavily on these potsherds, which “are

more indestructible than all the city or fortress walls in the world.” Thus archaeology at this still early date has remolded much of the previous thought about the ancient world. The aim of archaeology is historical. Its ideal is to find and identify cities, palaces, and whole nations, and place them in a time se quence. In this way archaeologists join hands with historians, who seek to learn of civilizations through literature and art, and together archaeologists and historians try to set down not only what happened in ancient times, but how the ancients thought, acted, and lived. To a great ex tent archaeology has built the foundation for and the outline of history. Archaeology is steadily advancing by going backward in time to uncover and illuminate man kind’s history and prehistory beyond tra ditional and literary evidence. Schliemann’s enthusiasm is typical of all archaeologists, as indeed it is of all true men of science. Schliemann spent his personal fortune of millions of dollars to excavate and reconstruct sites in Greece, Crete, and Asia Minor; he devoted almost half of his life to preserve antiquity for posterity. Today most universities maintain their own archaeological sites and excavations. A large share of the budget of their his tory departments is earmarked for archae ological diggings. There are excavation sites in Greece, Italy, and up and down the Holy Land. In Egypt at this present hour engineers are trying desperately to raise an immense archaeological “find” out of the Nile valley before the flood waters be hind the newly constructed Aswan dam in undate this treasure forever. Viewing all this enthusiasm for moddern archaeology, Prof. Deuel has said, “Few chapters in the histories of the world have stirred so much the awe, the curiosi ty, and the imagination of scholars and public alike as the dramatic achievements of archaeology during the past hundredodd years.” Archaeology is an art as well as a science. It is shaped by imagination as 33

tory. They follow like cause and effect. The elusive, not fully explainable ap peal of archaeology may be the result of a feeling of kinship with ancient genera tions and people, or of a fondness for de cayed buildings and cities — the Gothic “Ruinenschmerz,” which W. S. Gilbert called “a fascination frantic in a ruin that’s romantic.” The joys of archaeology have, however, an ironical side, for the preservation of the vanished culture, which allows one to look into the past, has usually been the re sult of a tragedy: the burning of the pal ace at Knossos baked the Linear B clay tablets, which otherwise would have turn ed to dust; Mt. Vesuvius’ eruption sealed, and in so doing preserved, Pompeii, and prompted Goethe to say, “Many a calamity happened in this world but never one that caused so much entertainment.” We can never go back into history and view the happenings for ourselves; we can never question great men of the an cient past, and ask them how things really were. But ancient history has not been sealed off from us entirely. Through mo dern archaeology we are given the chance to interpret properly ancient events, and to relive once again “the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome.”

much as by scientific reasoning. In many archaeologists these two elements have found a proper proportion. To ignore the romance of archaeology, the thrill of dis covery, even its shabby origin in treasure hunting and tomb-robbing, would be like eating ice cream without any flavor — all would be cold. At the same time, there is much more to archaeology than “just lucky windfalls.” It involves hard work, plan ning, and scholarship. Romanticized accounts of archaeologi cal finds stress beautiful graves with huge treasures, tall statutes, and numerous cof fins and mummies which are sent to mu seums as animals are sent to zoos. But archaeologists do more than supply curi osities for museums, those “ghastly char nel-houses of murdered evidence.” The emphasis, rather, is on the minute, the tablets and potsherds that have little aes thetic appeal or material value, but great historical value. Archaeology does not necessarily mean that one must do real digging. There is al so the armchair archaeologist like Champoilion, the decipherer of the Rosetta Stone who dug into books instead of dirt. His observations stimulah d interpretations of established knowleck nd led to break throughs in understanding ancient Egyp tian customs. Such 'lie importance of archaeology for the i erpretation of his-

GARY SCHMELING

THE SCULPTURE I made a sculpture, And perfect it seemed In every detail. I raised it high On a pedestal Above the mean of man. And then cracks appeared; One deep through the eyes Hurt a lot to see. The fault was mine, for I had put it there. But now I hate it. And one of these days I shall destroy it; I can’t seem to now. — RODERICK LUEBCHOW 34

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CARLTON TOPPE English - religion SINCE 1948 President Since 1959

ERWIN KOWALKE ENGLISH - HEBREW SINCE 1913 President Emeritus

WALTER SCHUMANN

PAUL EICKMANN

GREEK - HISTORY

Secretary SCIENCE SINCE 1924

VICE-PRESIDENT SINCE

1925

ERNST WENDLAND Professor 1914-59 Emeritus

GUSTAV WESTERHAUS HISTORY - PHILOSOPHY Since 1916

THEODORE BINHAMMER

ELMER KIESSLING

LEONARD UMNUS

MATHEMATICS Since 1917 Bursar

HISTORY - ENGLISH Since 1927

ATHLETICS Since 1935

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HILTON OSWALD

DUDLEY RHODA

ERWIN SCHROEDER

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GERMAN - ENGLISH SINCE 1939

LIBRARIAN - LATIN SINCE 1944

RUDOLF SI EVERT

EUGENE KIRST

ORVILLE SCHLENNER

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES Since 1947

SCIENCE Since 1954

LATIN Since 1956 Regisrar

ERWIN SCHARF

CARL LEYRER

GERHARD FRANZMANN

HISTORY - GERMAN SINCE 1956

DEAN - RELIGION SINCE 1959

LATIN - HISTORY SINCE 1959

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EDGAR PIEPER ATHLETICS - MATH

WILLIAM ZELL GERMAN

SINCE 19 60

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PAUL KUEHL GREEK - ENGLISH RELIGION SINCE 1961

ARNOLD LEHMANN

ARMIN PANNING

RICHARD WEBER

MUSIC - LATIN SINCE 1962

GREEK - HISTORY

Instructor Since 1962

SINCE 1962

JEROME BRAUN

MELVIN SCHWARK

RICHARD WIECHMANN

Tutor Since 1961

Since 1962

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dhimni TLoieA CALLS Pastor Alfred Herder, '39, formerly of St. Paul Lutheran Church, North Freedom, Wiscon sin, has accepted a* call to Our Savior Luther an Church, Longmont, and St. John Luther an Church, Platteville, Colorado. He is to be installed on June 9, 1963. Pastor Alvin R. Kienitz, ’54, who was serving St. Matthew Lutheran Church, Butterfield, Minnesota, now is the pastor of Grace Luther an Church, Neenah, Wisconsin. He was in stalled on May 19, 1963. Pastor Alfons J. Engel, ’25, was welcomed by Immanuel Lutheran Church, Waupaca, Wis consin, on May 26, 1963. His old charge was Immanuel Lutheran Church, Medford, Wis consin. Pastor Gordon Snyder, ’57, formerly of St. Paul Lutheran Church, North Platte, Nebraska, has accepted a call to Nain Lutheran Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Pastor Edgar Gieschen, ’55, recently became the shepherd of St. John Luhcran Church, Ken dall, Wisconsin. His former congregation was Zion Lutheran Church, Akaska, South Da kota. ANNIVERSARIES Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mobridge

South Dakota, will celebrate its golden anni versary on June 16, 1963. Pastor Herbert Birner, ’38, is presently serving as the pastor. MISCELLANEOUS On March 26, 1963, Dr. Otto Von Renner, who graduated from the commercial department of Northwestern in 1892, celebrated his nine tieth birthday. Still active in his medical practice, Dr. Renner resides in Vassal-, Mich. The deaths of the following alumni of North western College were reported during the past year: John Brenner, Sr. — ’93 '96 Philip Martin, Sr. — ’03 Arthur Sydow — *10 Philip Lehmann — William Hartwig — '13 Waler Keibcl — ’13 Arnold Koclpin, Sr. — ’13 Arinin RetzlafF — ’17 ’23 Traugott Redlin — '23 Walter Sillring — '28 Hilmar Eckert — Rcinhard Schoeneck — ’32 ’36 Theodore Mittelstaedt Walter Sauer — *12 Erwin Scharf, ciirom li:r

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ALUMNI SOCIETY

The annual meeting of the Northwestern College Alumni Society was called to order by its president, Prof. W. A. Schumann, in the college gym nasium at 3:00 p. m. on June 6, 1962. Since the society’s secretary, the Rev. H. Peter, had moved to another district and could not be present, the body elected Prof. G. Franzmann secretary pro-tem. Minutes of the 1961 meeting were read, corrected and approved. Seventy-six members and associate members of the society responded to the roll call. Prof. Carlton Toppe recommended that the forty-three members of the class of ’62 be received into membership in the society. The society acted favorably on this recommendation. Mr. William Schumann, commercial T2, and a member of the North western College Board of Control, was nominated for membership and was elected into the society. The treasurer, Prof. T. Binhammer, distributed copies of his annual report which follows: NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE ALUMNI SOCIETY Report of Income and Expenses From June 7, 1961 to June 6, 1962 Income: .$965.18 Dues 8c Donations for 1961/62 . 31.33 Interest ........................................... .$ 987.51 Total Income 43

Expenses : Mailing Costs . Black and Red Total Expenses Income over Expenses ..... Cash Account Balance June 7, 1961 From Income Total Cash to be accounted for Disbursements: Expenses Total Disbursements ............. Balance .................. Less Certificate of Deposit ... Balance in Bank Investments Cerificate of Deposit Bank of Watertown — $2,000.

50.80 20.00 70.80 ,$ 916.71 781.71 987.51 ,$1,769.22 70.80 70.80 ...$1,698.42 .. 1,000.00 $ 698.42

The chair appointed a committee of three to serve as an auditing com mittee of the Report of the Treasurer. Election of officers was the next order of business. The nominating com mittee consisting of Professors E. Schroeder and Paul Kuehl submitted the following nominations: President Professor W. Schumann, Pastor Carl Mischke, Pastor Norbert Paustian. Vico President — Pastor R. Siegler, Pastor Kurt Timmel, Pastor Marlyn Schroeder Second Vice-President — Professor E. A. Wendland, Pastor Rob ert Voss. Pastnr Poland Ehlke. Secretary — Professor Armin Panning, Profes sor Arnold Lehr .inn, Pastor Lester Groth. Treasurer — Professor Theodore T. Binhammej Mailing Secretary — Professor R. A. Sievert. A motion prevailed that the election for the vacant office of secretary be held first. The candidates for this office were: Professors A. Panning, Ar nold Lehmann, and Pastor Lester Groth. Prof. Panning was elected. A motion prevailed that the rules be suspended and that the secretary cast a unanimous ballot for the incumbent officers. The following officers were reelected; Pro fessor W. Schumann, president; Pastor R. Siegler, first vice-president; Profes sor E. A. Wendland, second vice-president; Professor T. Binhammer, treasurer; and Prof. R. A. Sievert, mailing secretary. The chair reported that the follow ing appointments had been made: to the nominating committee, Prof. P. Kuehl; to the newsletter committee, Prof. Wm. Zell; to the luncheon committee, Pro fessors P. Kuehl, E. Scharf, and G. Franzmann. The chronicler. Prof. E. Scharf, reported the following deaths during the past year: Mr. G. D. Ziegler, class of 1892; Mr. Henry F. Meyer, 1893; Rev. Henry W. Koch, 1894; Rev. Philip Martin, 1896; Mr. Herman Ritz, 1897; Dr. William F. Luebke, 1903; Dr. Ernst A. Heilman, 1905; Rev. Walter G. Haase, 1906; Mr. Andrew Braemer, 1907; Rev. E. Edgar Guenther, 1908; Mr. Arnold Sprain, 1908; Rev. Otto W. Koch, 1909; Rev. H. C. Kirchner, 1910; Mr. Carl Kluender, 1911; Rev. Martin Glaeser, 1915; Rev. Walter T. Meier, 1918; Mr. Erich A. Schultz, 1930. Members of the society rose in memory of the deceased. Dr. E. C. Kiessling, reporting for the projects committee, spoke about the estimated cost of publishing the history of Northwestern College being written by Prof. E. E. Kowalke. The cost of printing a 300 page book that would include 100 pictures would be $4397.00 (cloth) and $4000.00 (paper). It was felt that this cost would be well within the means of the society. 44

Pastor K. Timmel suggested that the society underwrite the cost of pro viding equipment which would enable broadcasts to be originated from the college chapel. $300.00 is the estimated cost. Prof. H. C. Oswald reported that the new pipe organ would probably be installed in September. Pastor M. Kujath suggested the production of a NWC filmstrip for promotional purposes within the Synod through the Audio-Visual Aids Co. $700.00 is the estimated cost. A motion prevailed that the Alumni Society underwrite the cost of produc ing the NWC filmstrip. A motion prevailed that the society provide funds for broadcasting equip ment for the college chapel was lost. There was no unfinished business. The auditing committee, Pastor Eldore Toepel reporting, found the treasurers books in good order. The treas urer’s report was adopted. Adjournment at 4:45 p. m. G. Franzmann, Secretary pro-tem. SEMINARY CALLS PASTORS D. Arndt - Richwood and Hubbleton, Wis. E, Carmichael — Shennington and Kirby, Wis. J. Gaertner — Scottsdale, Ariz. T. Kretzmann — Circle, Mont. M. Liesener — North Platte, Nebr. J. P. Meyer — Eau Claire, Mich. J. Plitzmveit — Sheboygan, Wis. N. Pommorenz — Mazeppa, S. D. L. Schalow — Flasher, N. D. H. Schewe — St. John’s, St. Paul, Minn. D. Schultz — Ringle, Wis. D. Seifert — Cedar Rapids, la. R. Shimek — Tipler, Wis. P. Siegler —Coon Rapids, Minn. L. Smith — San Diego, Calif. D. Westendorf — Pilgrim, Minneapolis, Minn. W. Widmann — Zillah, Wash. D. Witte— Glove, Wis. L. Zwieg —Bonduel, Wis. J. Braun — Sheridan Township and Seaforth, Minn.

TUTORS AND INSTRUCTORS R. Sievert — NWC M. Schwark — NWC M. Wagenknecht — NWC R. Korn — NWC W. Schultz - DMLC K. Roehl - DMLC W. Leerssen — MLS G. Schroecler — MLS C. Pagel — NLA T. Olsen - NLA VICARS E. Bickel — Tuscon, Ariz. L. Cronin — Benton Harbor, Mich. N. Engel — Manitowoc, Wis. J. Humann —N. Trinity, Milwaukee, Wis, D. Gray — Butterfield, Minn. A. Lemke — Neenah, Wis. D. Mueller — Edmonton, Alberta D. Fischer — Winona, Minn. R. Uttech — Arlington, Minn. F. Fallen — Sturgeon Bay, Wis.

TIgjvA a diamond studded wrist watch which he had won in championship games. He also showed a color movie of last year’s championship game with New York.

Lecture The Dorm Council presented its fourth and final guest lecturer on April 27. He was Henry Jordan, defensive tackle of the Green Bay Packers. Full of humorous conceit, Mr. Jordan commented on pro-football and foot' ball players in a light vein. His speech, which had no particular point, consisted chiefly of jokes. He passed around a huge gold ring and

Concert Four musical organizations of Northwes tern, the Prep, Girls', and College glee clubs and the band, presented a spring concert May 45

summers in Europe. Ron Semro and Vaughn Vogel will participate in the program of the American Language and Educational Center of Michigan State University. They will leave the U. S. in mid-July, fly directly to Zurich, study six weeks in an intensive language in* struction course in Cologne, Germany, spend three weeks touring Europe, and return home in mid'September. Gerald Ditter and a friend from the seminary will cross the Atlantic on a student ship and will spend the entire summer touring fifteen European countries on their own. They will take sleeping bags along for camping but hope also to spend some time in private homes.

5. A crowd of about 800 filled the gymnasium. The selections by the band drew the most applause, although the piece by Aaron Copeland was received with mixed feelings. Bill Gabb’s College Glee Club was called on for two encores. Forum Final On May 10 and 11 the Forum presented

Dorm Council President The dormitory students named three mem-

its final production, The Hidden River.” Be cause the play Licked, i lot of action, good acting was difficult ; hievc; but most of the players, coached by : . tor Ralph Martens, did a fine job. Unb! . lany other Forum pro ductions, this play ,L..d little humor, an un happy ending, and with a philosophical problem. In war d France a French soldier (Paul Kelm) ..s betrayed a friend to the German enemy c his own estate from being ravished, and i- brother (Ron Semro, who played the lead role) sentences him to live out his life on this estate tormented by a guilty) conscience. Five of the other main char acters were Howard Fosterling, Renee Urban, Julie Schultz, Karl Rookie, and Bob Berg.

bers of next year’s senior class, Robert Bitter, Ralph Martens, and Arno Wolfgramm as candidates for the office of Dorm Council president for next year. In an election held May 21, Arno Wolfgramm was elected to the office, receiving a plurality of the votes. He will succeed Kermit Habben, who served as president since last September.

Bon Voyage Three NWC students will spend their

QampuA ™ tfla&AfwDM ing. It’s the lower classmen that are sack ed out on their tables. 2. He is working furiously on a sopho more term paper in order to graduate. 3. Whenever the conversation switches to the medical vein, he has a P10^!1 °° of wisdom. For he c°nS° i f thing from malaria to the u P g11

THE AVERAGE COLLEGE SENIOR Here’s how you can pick him out in a crowd. 1. At Monday morning breakfast he is alert, wide awake, and smiling. He has completely mastered the art of weekend46

on test days. 4. The senior is an expert in geography. He has had his car signed out for every small town in an 80 mile radius at least twice. 5. He has a very complacent view of life. For what does he care? He’s going to get that all at the Sem anyhow. 6. He has a poor taste for literature. He’ll pick up and read such tripe as Euripides’ Medea, Homer’s Odyssey, and Cicero’s De Amicitia. 7. He honors age-old customs—do nothing on Arbor Day, long engagements, and sweep the room once a year. 8. He is aware of such proverbs as early to bed and early to rise—early in the after noon and early in the evening. 9. The senior knows the value of never being on time. If he were on time, he would upset the professor’s whole day. 10. Work never bothers him. He can sleep next to it and never be annoyed. Some can work without sleep and never be annoyed. 11. He has shown great inquisitiveness in his studies. Throughout his eight years up here, he has often asked the question, “Why?” 12. He has acquired the knack of reading two books at one time. This has proved of invaluable service in language courses. 13. He has had no marital troubles and in his bachelorhood he is free to study, grease, and grind. Some, however, show a preference for girls. They plan to go to the Sem next year. In most classes you have to hold on by your shirt tail to pass, but in Hebrew class you can pass if you can hang on to your coat tail. These weekends must be pretty rough lately. You sea students staggering in with roadmaps in their eyes, lead weights in their feet, and their faces looking like a propeller hit them. The question arises whether they are temporarily out of order or out of ardor. Loose-liver Luce has found out that if you buy 2(K worth of ice cream from the canteen, you get a fair amount, but if you buy 15- worth of ice cream, you can get a bigger amount. So far he hasn’t been hungry enough to buy 1(K worth of ice cream! Have you had trouble figuring out cor rectly the number of your credits, especial ly with the new elective system replacing

the old standard system? Never fool around with the catalog. It will leave you confused for weeks. Try the simple short cut method. Multiply the number of pock et books on your shelf by your social securi ty number and divide by your shirt size. Go downtown and break a window. Then subtract the badge number of the cop that arrests you from your previous sum, and you have the correct number of your cre dits. At the same time that we were putting on a play using a priest’s robe from the Redemptorist Fathers’ Monastery in Oconomowoc, they were putting on a play about Luther. Incidentally, they have only one free night a year at the monastery. PARADOXES 1. A liberal education up here tends to make one conservative. There’s a classic example for you. 2. When the spirits are strong, the (Icsh is weak. 3. The “stream of consciousness” teaching approach often leads to unconsciousness. Definition of A Pun : A pun is a puny joke, which if it is bad, you suffer a p :nic defeat, but if it is good you are thought of as a punatic. Before you take any punitive mease es, listen to my excuse for my bum Inn >or. I’ll say it in German so it won’t shock ou. Das Pun ist das groeszte Yuk, mit v/em ein Bum mocken kann. Freely translated, it means: The pun is the lowest form of humor unless you think of it first. (Oscar Levant) Once upon a time there was a bonnie young lad walking through the country side getting his exercises as his grand ex alted monarch of the Kennedicus dynasty had advised him. His name was Becker. As he was walking merrily along, a canine animal attacked him. Being prudent of mind, he ran like a bat out of Hades. But soon he had lost one of his sandals. The vicious beast sniffed at it, snatched it up, and dragged it to his lair in the middle of the field. At first he tried to use psycholo gy on the dog to get his sandal back, but finally he gave up and consigned him to the nether regions. He then summoned a fellow lad. Being less prudent of mind, the second lad attacked the vicious brute, horrible visu, and the sandal was miracu lously recovered. From now on Becker’s favorite expression is “dog-gone it.”

who want to go make sure you sign up so the guys know how much water they should put in the soup.” Believe It or Not, It’s True: A year ago Leon Todd, our only Negro, received his I. D. card with these four mistakes on it: last name, Tood; address, Norwestem Col lege; sex, F; and race, W.

One day the juniors were discussing a proposed junior party. One junior was going to bring cake, another cookies, an other liquid refreshments. At just that moment German Land Danny, who is a real nice fellow unless you move some food away from him, piped up, “I’ll bring my stomach. By the way, all you juniors

SpjoAtA BASEBALL and also smashed a home run good for 2 TROJANS SPLIT DOUBLE-HEADER RBI’S. Lynn Schroeder and Dave Toepel WITH RIPON had 2 hits each. The college baseball team took the field Freshman Paul Kelm, with fine relief for the first time on April 27 and divided help from Bill Balza, picked up his first a double-header with the Redmen of Ripon win of the young season in the second College by the scores of 7-3 and 3-6. Duke game. While these two hurlers held the Sonntag drew the starting assignment in Muskies to 3 runs, the Trojans poured 8 the first game and went all the way giving across the plate. Gurgel’s torrid bat blasted up 3 runs on 7 base hits. Ripon’s three 2 more hits to give him 5 for 9 in the pitchers allowed only 2 hits, but gave up double-header, and first baseman Bill Gabb 10 walks as their inmates committed 6 blasted a solo home run to spark the Tro errors. Sonntag struck out 4, walked 2, jans to their third victory. and gave up only 7 ■ 7 •■■■ to gain the victory. SEMINARY 8 In the second to the Redmen and NWC 9 Trojans traded ui: tied runs in the first Righthander Ron Koepsell won his first inning. Then in second Ron Hahm game in relief of starting pitcher Ralph smashed a 2-run . e run to stake the Scharf as the collegiates defeated their riv Trojans to a 2-ru But the collegiates als from Mequon 9-8. The Seminarians couldn’t hold on. he fourth Ripon tag got off to a quick start with 3 runs in the ged starter Bill . Tor 2 runs on 4 hits first two innings, but the Trojans explod to tie the game With the bases loaded and ed for 5 in the third to take a 5-3 lead. In two out, Paul Kelm was called upon to put the sixth the Seminary scored 1, but the out the fire and did so by striking out the Trojans bounced back with 2 in their half first man he faced. In the fifth Ripon of the inning to increase their lead to 7-4. scored 2 more tallies on 2 walks and a The teams exchanged runs in the seventh, triple by Small. They then added an un but again the Mequonites rallied, scoring earned run in the seventh for their sixth 2 in the eighth and 1 in the ninth to tie run. Lynn Schroeder with a double and a the score at 8 all. It then took only one single and Dave Toepel with two singles man for the Trojans to win the game in led the Trojan hitters in their losing effort. the last of the ninth. Jim Everts led off with a single, stole second, moved to third NORTHWESTERN SWEEPS PAIR on an erroneous pick off attempt, and FROM LAKELAND scored the winning run on a passed ball. The Trojans advanced their season rec Dave Toepel and Ken Bode led the Trojans ord to 3 wins and 1 loss with a double vic with 2 hits each. Dick Wiechmann and tory over the Muskies of Lakeland College Keith Roehl had 2 each for the losers. by the scores of 9-4 and 8-3. In the first MILTON 2 game the Trojans pounded out 13 hits NWC 7 Pitcher Bill Balza went the distance as while starter and winner Duke Sonntag limited Lakeland to just 8. Karl Gurgel the Trojans defeated Milton 7-2 to extend garnered 3 hits in 5 trips, including a 2- their victory streak to four in a row. Bal run home run. Ron Koepsell had 3 for 4 za displayed good control and was especi48

First row: K. Habben, mgr; C. Lyon. W. Balza, P. Kelm, M. Hallemeyer, J. Everts, E. Pieper, coach. Second row: J. Huebner. mgr.; R. Hahm, R. Koepsell, R Scharf, L. Schroede Third row: K. Schroeder. W. Gabb, A. Valerio, L. Sonntag, K. Gurgel. Absent: D Dengler, mgr.

ally tough with men on base. Jim Everts and Lynn Schroeder with a double and a single each and A1 Just with a double and 2 RBI’s paced Northwestern’s hitting at tack. Jack Sekeres of Milton chalked up 11 strikeouts in a losing effort. NWC 2 LAKELAND 9 The wet weather made the Lakeland Muskies feel at home on the Northwestern diamond, and as a result the Trojans’ four game winning streak was snapped with a 9-2, six inning, rain-shortened loss. Pitch ers Sonntag, Balza, and Scharf allowed on ly 5 hits, but their teammates committed 7 errors to give the game to the Muskies. The collegiates collected 8 hits, but in this game they couldn’t string them together to produce more than 2 runs. Chuck Dav idson smashed a 2 run home run for the victors.

hit by a pitched ball, putting runm on 1st and 2nd. Gurgel then hit an apparent double play ball to the 2nd baseman but his throw to the shortstop, who was cov ering 2nd, went into center field allowing Bode to score. With none out and Trojans perched on 1st and 2nd Mark Fiocchi of Milton struck out the next three batters to end the game. Fiocchi pitched an excelletn game, giving up only 5 hits while striking out 11. CONFERENCE TOURNAMENT On Saturday, May 18th, the Gateway Conference baseball tournament was held at Milton College. The host school, the Trojans’ first opponent, handed them a 10-3 loss. The Trojans were never in the game as Milton pulverized the Northwes tern pitching staff with 17 base blows. Pitcher Gary Breidenbach scattered 5 hits and teammates Doug Bradow and Bob Grenell collected 4 hits each for the victors. Northwestern came back after their initial tournament defeat to win consola tion honors by edging George Williams 4-3. Although outhit 10-9, the Trojans were able to get key hits when they were need ed. The collegiates scored 2 in the 2nd

MILTON 4 NWC 3 The Trojans and pitcher Duke Sonntag lost a real heart breaker at Milton on May 14. Sonntag struck out 8 and allowed on ly 2 earned runs, but 3 errors again proved costly for Northwestern. The Trojans al most pulled the game out of the fire in the ninth as Bode singled, and Sontnag was 49

when Kent Schroeder was hit by a pitch, hurt the Trojans. Yet no individual of the Art Valerio doubled, and a fielder’s choice regular ten, the starting nine and the and a wild pitch followed. G.W.C. tallied coach, can be blamed. In as much as the singletons in the 3rd and 5th to knot the victories were team wins, the losses were game at 2-2. In the 7th the Trojans scored team setbacks. again on a walk to Kent Schroeder, a sac Nevertheless the Trojans bounced back rifice by Art Valerio, and a single by Mark to win consolation honors at the confer Hallemeyer. G.W.C. picked up an unearn ence tournament and by doing so gave ed run in the 8th to tie the game, but a themselves a 6-win, 4-loss record. Most of single by Lynn Schroeder followed by Dave the players feel they can split their last Toepel’s long triple plated the winning run. two games with the conference champions Duke Sonntag was the winning hurler, U.I.C. and end the season with a 7-win, 5while Wille Mayes was tagged with the loss record. loss. With two games left, Lynn Schroeder The University of Illinois at Chicago leads the Trojan batsmen with a .333 ave won the championship by routing George rage. A1 Just, before his injury, led the Williams 15-1 in the semi-finals and then team in RBI’S with 5. Dave Toepel and trouncing Milton 10-0 in the final. John Ron Koepsell, both freshmen, have also Engemann of the Chicago Illini hurled a driven in 5 RBIs. Karl Gurgel with 8 stolen one-hitter and struck out 14 in the cham bases heads the team in that department. pionship game. Duke Sonntag, with a 3-2 record, has prov en to be the Trojans’ most consistent hurlSEASON SUMMARY Northwestern started out its baseball er. Bill Gabb, Kent Schroeder, and Art season confident of the fact that they were a better ball club than last year’s. And Valerio are the only Seniors on the team. this feeling of confidence was apparent in With the entire pitching staff and 8/9 of the first half of the scasoi The pitching the regular team returning next year, the was sharp, the fielding was much improv Trojans will certainly better their improve ed, and the hitting was beN.er than anyone ments of this year. had hoped for. A timely ' ing attack was TIP INS & EXTRA POINTS built around a good pitch g staff and the “I wanted to prove that 1 could do it.” team compiled a 5-win .loss record. But suddenly the confidence was gone. This zuas Joe Nolte’s reason for walking The pitching wasn’t as sharp, the fielding from Watertown to Milivaukee and back. became weak, and the hilling slumped off. Joe left campus at 12:10 Saturday noon True, the schedule became tougher and and zuas back at 10:00 Sunday morning the loss of A1 Just, who splintered his hip, 80 miles in 21 hours and 50 minutes. TENNIS NWC 0 by the scores of 6-3, 6-4, and 9-7, 3-6, 6-3, MILTON 9 A young inexperienced Trojan team respectively. The doubles team of Neil took the courts for the first time on April Hansen and Howard Festerling won 9-7, 26th. But the Milton netters proved too 6-2. The other six matches were very strong for Northwestern and shut them out close and evidenced the fact that the col 9-0. Although the score was lopsided, the lege netters were improving. Trojans gained much needed poise and ex NWC 6 SEMINARY 3 perience. Milton’s strength lay in the fact An overconfident Seminary team be that their team was completely balanced— came the first victims of Northwestern’s everyone except the No. 5 man had played improving tennis team. Kirschke, Ander in the No. 1 position at one time or an son, Festerling, and Luetke won singles other. matches for the Trojans and the teams of SHIMER 6 NWC 3 Anderson-Kirschke and Hansen-Festerling captured two doubles matches. The Trojans suffered their second set CONCORDIA 3 back of the year to an invading Shimer NWC 6 The Trojan net squad equalled its sea team on April 27th. Dick Anderson and Oliver Lindholm won their singles matches son record at 2 victories and 2 losses with 50

First row: R. Anderson, G. Kirschke, N. Hansen. Second row: D. Luedke, M. Lenz, O. Lindholm, H. Festerling. a triumph over Concordia. At the end of the singles competition the match was di vided equally with Concordia taking three while Hansen, Festerling, and Lindholm won for NWC. But the Trojans took all three doubles matches to ice the victory.

The absences of Neil Hansen and Howard Festerling proved to be too great a loss for the Northwestern team. Anderson s the only victor as he defeated his opponent 6-2, 6-3. N WC 2 M.I.T. 7 Northwestern suffered its fifth and sec ond straight defeat of the year at the hands of M.I.T. The number two and three doub les teams were the only victors for the Tro jans. Dick Anderson had the “privilege” of losing to Jeanne Schroeder, one of the state’s top-ranked women tennis players.

LAKELAND 6'A NWC 2J2 The Trojan netters lost their third match of the year at the hands of the Muskies of Lakeland College. Anderson (6-1, 6-2) and Lindholm (6-4, 13-15, 6-2) were the only winners for the collegiates. The doubles match between Lindholm-Luetke and Tobin-Ensweiler was called on account of darkness with the score tied at 9-7, 1-6, 6-6, and thus a half point was awarded to each team.

CONFERENCE TENNIS TOURNAMENT The Gateway Conference tennis meet was held at Janesville on Friday, May 17. After a day of tennis, the University of Illi nois at Chicago emerged with the cham pionship and a total of 19 points. Next came Milton with 7, Lakeland with 5, Shimer with 3, and our own Trojans with 2. Dick Anderson lost to Smith of Milton 6-1, 6-3, in the singles semi-finals and the doubles team of Hansen and Festerling, who drew a first round bye, lost to Scheele and Baumer of Lakeland 6-3, 6-3.

NWC 3 LAKELAND 2 The Trojan tennis team with help from the weather man evened their season rec ord at 3-3 with a rain-shortened victory over Lakeland. Anderson, Festerling, and Luetke won their singles matches by scores of 6-2, 6-4; 6-2, 6-1; and 7-5, 6-0; before the rains came. SHIMER 8 NWC 1 The victory bell rang for the first time in three years at Shimer College as the Trojans went down to their fourth defeat.

NWC 6

CONCORDIA 3 On May 20th the Trojans defeated Con-

cordia by the same margin that they had earlier in the year and in so doing notched their fourth victory of the year. Kirschke, Hansen, Anderson, Festerling, and Lindholm all won singles matches, but only the team of Luetke and Lindholm were able to win in doubles competition.

But this determined group of athletes kept fighting and have now compiled a record of 4 wins and 5 losses. Even if the collegeiate netters should lose again to M.I.T., another victory over the Seminarians would give them a 5 win, 6 loss record, only one game below .500. Neil Hansen, the team’s only Senior, will be the only regular who will not be back next year. The rest of the team will be made up of sophomores and juniors and should bring a winning tennis season to Northwestern.

SEASON SUMMARY After the Trojans lost their first match to Milton 9-0, not many people thought that they would manage a win all season.

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BLACK and RED

October, 1963

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it.

CONTENTS EDITORIAL..................................

R. C.....................

New Faculty Members .......

J. B.....................

Poem: Prox...........................

.Wayne Mueller

Dr. Ott Award Winner .....

.Gary Schmeling

Why Aid to Latin America

.L. S.....................

Poem: Exin...........................

.Wayne Mueller

Poem: Heavenly Hosts .....

.Carl Otto...........

The Naked Kafir ................

.D. G.....................

Forum Announcements .... A Missionary’s Chagrin ....

.....A. W...........

Poem: Equivocation..........

.....John Trapp

•••••J- L.............

NEWS ...................................... ALUMNI NOTES ..................

.... 67

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM

SPORTS....................................

... 69

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ........ ....................... Editor Lynn Schroedcr .......... ...... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm ....... ....... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart............ ..Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck............ ........................ Alumni Karl Peterson ..... ....... ........... Sports Fred Fedke_______ __ Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz ....... ...... Business Manager Paul Kelm _____— ....... Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt............. Advertising Manager ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MATTER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

October 1963

No. 3

fcdifohLcd ern History" make this judgment of Machiavelli’s famous work: "The Prince is the first great work in which two authorities, the Divine and the human, were clearly seen in collision and in which the vener able axioms of earlier generations were re jected as practically misleading and the oretically unsound.” Since the sixteenth century publishing of "The Prince” the “human authority” has become soverign in more and more hearts. And the change of allegiance is by no means limited to government officials. We live in an age when all occupations are considered outside of the realm of a di vinely authorized moral code. Just as Machiavelli is described as dis passionate and of a scientific temper, so his twentieth-century disciples are called intellectual, open-minded, and scientific. Those of us who find ourselves outside of this progressive herd are considered ar chaic, narrow, and certainly un-scientific. Let us be on our prayerful guard that we remain so. The only way that we will succeed is by being ever mindful of the basis for our authoritative moral code — the Divine Authority, Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us, that we, who could not hope to live up to his moral demands, might be saved unto him and might there fore live under him in time and eternity, serving him in loving obedience to his eternal moral code. God help us to do so. r. c.

K] iccolo Machiavelli was born in Flor■ ^ ence in 1469. Until his early death in 1527 he devoted himself to the study of politics. The results of his labors, in the form of his most famous work "The Prince," were to shake the world. Here Machiavelli presented a new moral code, which he recommended to every ruler who would be successful. It was based on the premise that the art of governing lay whol ly outside the field of religious ethics. According to MacS i ivelli the political failures throughout hisiory have been caus ed by the ruler’s inability to cope with cir cumstances that are continually attacking his position. He is too rigid. Were he to free himself of his moral code, stamp conscience into the ground, and follow the few simple rules of expedi ency laid down in "The Prince," he would be able to rule his domain to his benefit and to the greater advantage of the ma jority of his subjects. I cite three examples of these rules: “A sagacious prince then cannot and should not fulfill his pledges when their observance is contrary to his interest. . . .” “Cruelties should be commit ted all at once, as in that way each separ ate one is less felt.. . .” “The next best way for holding a newly acquired state is to es tablish colonies,. . .while those who are in jured by their establishment become poor and dispersed, and therefore unable to do any harm. .. .” The authors of "The Cambridge Mod-

NEW FACULTY MEMBERS

Standing: M. Wagcnknecht, R. Kom, R. Sievert. Seated: G. Baer. The faculty of Northwestern College has four new members this year. Two of them are tutors, one an instructor, and one a permanent professor. Pastor George Baer was called from the preaching ministry to replace Professor Hilton Oswald who now holds a position on the editorial staff of Concordia Publish ing House. Professor Baer was bom near Streeter, North Dakota, on November 14, 1920. He was the second of eight children bom to Pastor Samuel Baer, who was serving a congregation there. Professor Baer received his elementary education in a public school at Zeeland, North Dakota, From here he went on to Northwestern Lutheran Academy in Mo bridge where he got his first three years of secondary education. Since the elder Pas tor Baer had in the meantime accepted a call to Rockford, Minnesota, Professor Baer completed his high school training at Doc tor Martin Luther College. After graduation he came to North western College. Here he was awarded two letters in basketball, was vice-president

of the “N” Club, president of the athletic board, and played the bass drum in the band. Professor Baer also excelled scho lastically and gave the German oration at his commencement in 1943. After studying for three years at the seminary, Professor Baer received a call to our mission in Nigeria. Since transpor tation overseas in this post-war period was not immediately available, he served a Syn odical Conference mission for Negroes in Mobile, Alabama. After six months he was finally able to get passage across the At lantic. In Nigeria Professor Baer was the acting manager of about one hundred mis sion schools. He was also in charge of the mission’s bookstore. In 1950 Professor Baer accepted a call to St. Paul’s Lutheran Church in Hazelton, North Dakota. He spent five years there and then took a call to Emmanuel Luther an Congregation in St. Paul, Minnesota. He served this congregation of 1100 com municants until this September when he returned to NWC as a professor to teach high school Latin and German. Professor Baer, who resides in the house vacated by Professor Oswald, has been married 17 years. His wife is the former Carol Gieseke of New Ulm. Their daughter, Pamela, is in the Quarta class. Golfiing and fishing are his favorite outdoor sports. He also enjoys reading. Tutor Robert Sievert is in charge of the college dorm. Mr. Sievert graduated from Northwestern in 1958 and, after two years at the seminary, taught at Northwestern Lutheran Academy in Mobridge. The fol lowing year he enrolled at Oshkosh State College where he studied science, math, journalism, and physical education. Last year he finished his senior year at Mequon. Tutor Sievert is teaching Sexta English and history-religion. He also assists Coach Pieper with the prep football team. Mr. Sievert is an amateur photogra pher and journalist, and during the sum mer he worked as a reporter-photographer for the Beaver Dam Daily. He is also noted for his jovial character. Mr. Reinhart Kom, who graduated from Northwestern in 1962 and has had one year of seminary training, is serving as an instructor in tertia and quarta English and quarta Latin. His home is in Mobridge, 54

South Dakota, and he is presently living in the college dorm. Mr. Myrl Wagenknecht is a tutor in the prep dormitory. He shares this re sponsibility with Tutor Melvin Schwark. In addition to governing the Preps, he teaches quinta Latin, is an assistant coach for the B football squad, an assistant wrest ling coach, and will take charge of the

tennis teams in spring. Mr. Wagenknecht also graduated from Northwestern in 1962 and has studied one year at the seminary. Last summer Mr. Wagenknecht and three other seminarians spent an interesting three months working for the synod’s mis sion board in nine mission areas, which included the states of Michigan, Kansas, Nebraska, and Montana. j. b.

PROX A smooth cold shiver Calls out love’s darkest secret, The intelligible revelation Of self’s desire.

Nothing by nature’s waiters Produced a so harmonious And voluminous common thought. Which all but no one know.

Make yourself then divert The naked and prematurely horrible From the coveted avenue Of inexplicable true love.

WAYNE MUELLER

Gary Schmeling, Class of 1963, is current ly doing post-graduate work at the Uni versity of Wisconsin. His essay on the Holy Grail is one of the two winners of the 250 dollar Dr. Ott Awards of the past school year.

STUDIES ON THE THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF THE HOLY GRAIL

Dut the sweet vision of the Holy Grail ^ Drove me from all vain glories, rivalries, And earthly heats that spring and sparkle out Among us in the jousts, while women watch Who wins, who falls; and waste the spiritual strength Within us, better offer’d up to heaven" i With these words from Tennyson's Idylls of the King most school boys first come into contact with the Holy Grail. King Arthur, gal lant knights, fair ladies, and mysterious adven tures have always been closely connected with this symbolic and strange object. Romance sur rounds the Grail, for the light in which we commonly see the Grail, is the light of Ro mance. The Grail story is a fairy-tale, a story from Disneyland. Or is it? In this essay the writer will attempt to view the Grail Romance with the cold eye of the critic. The Grail story will be stripped of its beauty and charm, and reduced to the realm of the real. The first part will be an introduction to the background material of the Grail legend. The next three sections will deal with the three most important theories of origin of the Grail romance: A. The Christian Theory. B. The Folk (Celtic) Theory. C. The Ritual Theory.

There are many Grail stories, and these stories vary greatly in form and content. Therefore, this writer has put together a few basic elements of the legend which occur in the great est number of verisons of the Grail legend, be fore the legend was connected with the Ar thurian cycle. These elements namely, the background material, will serve as the stan dard, the generally accepted ‘orm, against which we will test the three the ' ics of origin. Joseph of Arithmathea preserved the ves sel (Grail) o after the Crucifix' n of Christ. It was brought to England by Josophes, a son of Joseph, or by Brons, Joseph's brother-in-law. It was handed down from generation to gen eration and it possessed many mystic proper ties. The Grail seems to have appeared first in romance united with the story of Perceval. "Living with his mother in seclusion far from Court, the boy Perceval is kept in ignorance of chivalry. One day he meets by chance sev“It is the cup in which the blood which flow ed from Christ’s wounds has been preserved. The word Grail undoubtedly originally sig nified a dish. This is certainly the primary sense of the word, which later on became at tached to die varying manifestations of this mysterious object. 1. Direct food-providing talisman as in the Bleheris version: 2. indi rectly as in Perceval romances and Galahad "Queste"; 3. it may be a crystal vase from which the Fisher King drank; 4. it may be a cup, accompanied by a lance which bleeds into it (Perlesvous); it may be a stone as in Parzival.” Encyclopedia Britannica Vol. 10

INTRODUCTION TO THE BACKGROUND MATERIAL ■

HERE is a certain amount of background material which is essential for this subject. The works of Tennyson "Idylls of the KingHoly Grail" p. 411.

pp. 600-1. 56

CHRISTIAN THEORY OF ORIGIN

thea. Prof. Jaffray has suggested that the real source of the legend as it appears in the ro mances of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries may be found in the ceremonies of the Eastern Greek Church, the impressions they made on the crusaders, and the ideas thus carried by the latter back to Western Europe, s The Grail procession as related by Chretien (1250 A. D.) closely parallels the Introit of the Byzantine Mass. “Two features of the By zantine Mass which most closely resemble the Grail romance are the use of the spear in pierc ing the bread (cf. the Introduction), and the emphasis laid on the sacredness of the Chalice. It is quite reasonable to suppose that this im pressive ceremony, working on the vivid re ligious imagination of the beholders, may have been a potent factor in the transmission of the basic idea of the Grail and its ritual to the countries where the romances were written,”» J. D. Bruce, an eminent Grail scholar, firm ly holds to the Christian theory. He claims that Robert de Barron’s Joseph was the first (1180-1199) real Grail story, and that this story has its origin in French i0 Christian influences. Professor Bruce sets forth the three following reasons for his stand: “A. This is not oral tra dition. It was the invention of Barron who took as his starting point certain various uncanonical writings of early Christianity, viz., the Vindicta Salvatons. B. In the History of the Holy Grail, as given in Barron's poem, we have an undeniable parallelism with the history of Christ in his closing days, n C. We have in Barron's history of the Holy Grail a character istic piece of mediaeval symbolism.” l2 A mystery from the first has enshrouded the legend of the Grail. Its mysticism is as marked as its mystery. Throughout, there is a continual suggestion of hidden meanings, a recurrent insistence on things seen as types and symbols of things unseen. Such a situa tion led Sebastian Evans, an outstanding Cath olic historian, to propose an interesting inter pretation in support of the Christian theory:

|HE theory which traces the derivation of ■ the Grail idea to a Christian origin receives some support from the early identification of the mysterious vessel with the Christian sym bol in traditions relating to Joseph of Anma-

s King Arthur and the Holy Grail, Chapter XII, Theories of Origin. ,, Ibicl. ]0 Etymology of the word Grail from Evolution of Arthurian Romance p. 253.

New International Encyclopedia Vol. 10 pp. 221-2. 4 Kind Arthur and the Holy Grail, Chapter XII p. 212. Graal is the French spelling of Grail o Standard Dictionary of Folklore Vol. I p. 462 r drs Poctica, Horace, line 148.

Low Latin - gradalis Greek - krater Low Latin - cratalis Later Latin - gradale Old French-graal Vulgar French-Greal Old French - Graal Provincial - grazal English - Grail English - Grail n The Evolution of Arthurian Romance p. 238 iy Ibid. p. 239.

cral knights and is fascinated by the splendor of their armor, taking them for angels. Setting out as a knight errant, he comes to the castle of Fisher King, who lies sick in bed. The king holds a bleeding spear and a sacred vessal, but Perceval fails to question him about these. Had he, a pure man, spoken, the king would have been healed.” 3 Because of this failure to speak, the land of the King remained a barren place, a Waste Land. In this legend there is a definite connection between the health of the kind and the pro ductive powers of the land. This factor plays an important part later in this essay. The traditions about (A) King Arthur and those which relate to (B) the Holy Grail and (C) Perceval were originally entirely separate, but they were brought together at an early date. “Other legends were interwoven with them, ,and have supplied important elements in the resulting growth and development.” .t The versions of the Grail story arc divided under three general heads. 1. Those with Gawain as hero — A. Bleheris' version B. Din Crone of unknown source 2. Perceval as the central figure A. Conde del Gra 1 by Chretien Plus its three cciMnuations de Barron B. Perceval of Rob C. Perlesvous of unknown source D. Parzival by V; L, chenbach — the finest romance of the cycle 3. Lancelot as hero A. Queste of unk: . n source B. Qjueste del Saint Graal The extant French texts or lost French ro mances are the sources of all chc others. The French writers borrowed material from each other and some is pure fancy. “Thus it is no wonder that the Grail legend is extraordinarily confused and perplexing.”,; With this con cluding remark we shall jump “in medias res.”:

FIRST THEORY

SECOND THEORY

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“All recorded incidents of the original Grail romance bear more or less directly on the his tory of Yglais, the widowed Lady of the Val ley of Camelot, and her three royal brothers, King Fisherman, King Peles, and King of Castle Mortal.'"'13 These trace their history back to Joseph of Abarimacie, the good soldier of Pitate who took down the body of Christ from the Cross and brought the Holy Grail to France. “Yglais had one son, Perceval, the hero of the romance. Now Yglais is the Holy Mother Church for the very word itself is simply one way of spelling the French word “eglise”. The King Fisherman is Pope Inno cent III — Fisherman is the symbol for Peter Perceval is the son of the Church. Therefore, he is an ecclesiastical hero. Perceval, the saint of romance is none other than Dominic, the knight of the Church. The curse that befell the land (cf. the Introduction) is the interdict of Innocent III against John the King." u This is the “high history" of the Grail, which, according to Prof. Evans, was written by an unknown writer and is an apotheosis of spiritual as distinguished from temporal chiv alry which was set down for the purpose of showing morals. But several strong voices of protest have been raised against the Christian theory of origin. One of these is Roger Loomis: “A tradition which on its first appearance in Chre tien’s Conte del Graal violates the most elemen tary proprieties of Christian ethics and ritual could not have originated in a pious fabrica tion. Perceval came from his amorous, if not immoral, affair with Blancheflor directly to the Grail castle. No wonder the Church has dis played a shrewd suspicion of its orthodox back ground.” 15 A second voice of protest is that of Miss Jessie Weston: “The Grail romances in no way depend upon any Christian tradition, rather they can be proved to have started on their career absolutely unaffected by it. Yet it is highly probable that they owe their final form, and their transference into terms of high Christian symbolism, to the existence of such a body of teachings.” Ci This is an excellent theory; for we know that when Christ instituted Holy Communion (the point here being the use of a Chalice), he did not borrow symbolism from the cultures

of the area. Miss Weston believes that the Grail romances developed along one line from ritual origin and that the Christian symbol sprang from Christ; then about the year 1200 French writers confused the two and made a syncretism. The summary statement on the Christian theory has been put together very well by Miss Weston: “The theory of Christian origin breaks down when faced with the awkward fact that there is no Christian legend of Joseph of Arimathea and the Grail. Neither in legend, nor in art, is there any trace of the story; it has no existence outside the Grail literature; it is the creation of romance, and no genuine tra dition.'”17 Later she added: “Orthodox Christi anity, on the other hand, knows nothing of such symbolism is, as far as I am aware. It forms no part of any apocolytic expectation, and where this special symbolism does occur it is often under conditions which place its inter pretation outside the recognised category of Christian belief.” i» FOLK (CELTIC) THEORY OF ORIGIN T HIS view has the advantage of antercedent ■ probability since the Grail stories form a part of the Arthurian cycle which some noted scholars feel is Celtic. Once, grant that we arc dealing with a highly conglomerate body of fiction, the product of generations of Irish, Welsh so, and Briton reciters and of the later French men of letters, we can account for al most all the features of the Grail romance. One of the strongest points in support of the Celtic origin is an old Irish tale that ante dates the Grail romance (before 1056) : “The Prophetic Ecstasy of the Phantom tells how a king of Ireland met the sun god, Lug, was in vited to his palace, found Lug already arrived there before him. The servant supplied the king with drink, asking Lug, ‘Whom shall this cup be given to?’ ”21 Not only is this sequence of events dimly recognizable in Perceval’s visit to the Grail castle, not only is the question echoed in the meaningless question test, but al so Lug’s spear is the prototype of the bleeding spear (cf. Introduction). 22 17 "From Ritual to Romance" p. 2. 1S The preservation and veneration of the ac tual cup used to catch Christ’s blood. 10 Ibid p. 131. 20 Bleheris, an author of Welsh origin, is given by Chretien as the author of the first Grail romance (12th Century). 21 Standard Dictionary of Folklore p. 461. 2o Ibid p. 462.

13 I71 Quest of the Holy Grail p. 115. ]4 Ibid p. 123. j- Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Trcyes p. 372. 10 The Legend of Sir Perceval Vol. II, p. 280. 58

A strong upholder of the Celtic theory was Alfred Nutt, who wrote with authority on the subject of the Grail legend. He emphasized the clearly marked distinctions between the two parts into which this literature may be divided — the account of the origin and wanderings of the Grail, which is called the “Early His tory,” and the account of the adventures of those who sought it, called the “Quest.” 23 Nutt considered that the material covered by the “Quest” was originally independent of and older than the “Early History.” He in ferred therefore that the Grail cannot be re garded as having its origin in Christian legend. In his examination of the literature describing the “Quest” he found that it showed so many parallels with Celtic tradition that he conclud ed we should look to these for the source of the Grail romance:^ “A. We find that Gerbert in the Highland Talc, ‘The Knight of the Red Shield', writes of a witchlike woman who possesses a vessel containing a balm which heals and restores life. Moreover in early Cel tic literature there are instances of cauldrons which had the power of always satisfying those whom they served. Such we the cauldron of the Dagda (cf. Introduction) B. There is ref erence in Grail romances to words of super natural power, i.e., the bleeding spear. In an cient Celtic literature there :c references to swords which bring woe and thers which test the fitness of the hero— (cf. Introduction). C. There is the Fisher King in the Grail romance and history (cf. Introduction) There is a cor responding feature in Celtic literature of a salmon of wisdom. The Fisher King passes his life seeking for this fish, which, when caught, confers upon him the power of distinguishing good from evil.” oS The subsequent modifications whereby Christian elements were introduced is a Chris tian transformation of the old Celtic myth by writers of romance who saw in the story an appealing tale for traveling singers. Another protaganist of this theory is the late John Rhys who adds the following com parison of Celtic tradition to the Grail ro mance: “Celtic literature tells a tale where King Arthur goes down to Hades and returns with the Cauldron of the Head of Hades. This cauldron is later described as having the same powers that are ascribed to the Grail.” 2« 23 2^ 25 2«

In an overwhelming fashion, R. S. Loomis has amassed six Celtic prototypes for the Grail, which, he feels, cannot be dismissed, if for no other reason than that they arc great in num ber: “A. Pearl rimmed cauldron of the Head of Annun. B. Cauldron of Britain. C. Cauld ron of Brans. D. Manannan’s cup of truth. E. The cup of sovereignty in the palace of Lug. F. All manner of sacred vessels of the Irish and Celts have contributed to the conception of the Grail.” 27 In his latest book as Prof. Loomis takes up the struggle to prove that the “Waste Land” feature (cf. Introduction) of the Grail romance is also of Celtic origin. 20 But supporters for all three theories of origin use the “Waste Land” feature to prove their theories. The strong hand of objection is raised against this Celtic theory also. The hand be longs to Miss J. L. Weston. I shall list below three separate quotes to give her three reasons for not following the Celtic theory: “A. There is no Celtic tradition in legend or art of the Grail except for the Perceval story. And this story originally had nothing to do with the Grail. 30 B. I submit that while the Grail is in certain phases a food supplying talisman, it is not one of the same character as the Celtic cauldrons of plenty. 31 C. Of direct connection between the Celtic features and the Grail story there is no trace. We have no Irish folk or hero-tale at all corresponding to the legend; the relation must, therefore, go back beyond the date of formation of these tales, i.e., it must be considered as one of origin rather than of dependence.” 32 RITUAL THEORY OF ORIGIN T HE ritual theory was first suggested by * Prof. Simrock as far back as 1842 in the notes of his translation of Wolfram Von Eschenbach-namely that the conception of the Grail sprang from the ritual of some cult of the veg etation spirit, as typed in Adonis and Osiris. This particular theory, however, has only as sumed importance in the last fifty years thru the publications of Miss Weston and William Nitze. It was obviously under the influence of J, 7 Celtic Myth ami Arulhurian Romance p. 227 .,8 Arthurian Tradition and Chetien de Troyes. Ibicl. He reaches his conclusions on page 389 :{0 From Ritual to Romance p. 3. 3l Ibid. p. 74. ;{2 Ibid. p. 77.

King Arthur and the Holy Grail p. 195. Ibid p. 209. Ibid pp. 217-219. Studies in the Arthurian Legend p. 301. 59

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Frazer’s Golden Bough 33 that they were led to adopt this theory.34 Prof. Nitze compares the Grail legend with the Eleusian mysteries of Greece, the Demeter cult (a vegetation cult). He interprets the es sential figures and symbols of the Grail in the following manner: “A. The Fisher King (cf. Introduction). His weakness or infirmity agrees with nature's declining strength in the fall sea son. B. The Grail knight ... is the initiate. C. The Grail is paralleled in the Eleusian myster ies by the Kiste or “holy box," a ritualistic vessel of which nothing definite is known, but it seems to have contained food as a symbol of the life-giving god.”3r, Thus the Grail comes to possess talismanic properties, primarily providing food. This leads by easy stages to its identification with the cup in which Christ’s blood was caught. The ave nue of transmission, Nitze thinks, was possibly Glastonbury (England) or Fecamp (France). To pinpoint this more exactly Nitze ob serves that in the twelfth century the monks at Fecamp laid claim to possession of a holy blood relic. The same thing was true of Glas tonbury in the fifteenth century. “Nitze con cludes that the Grail theme is based on an agrarian cult and its ritual. He feels that the Grail romances have the same Ieit motivs as the ancient mysteries. But it is obvious that the Grail of romance fame grew along one ave nue, and about 1250 was confused with the orthrodox Christian symbol.” 30 As early as 1S55 Prof. O. A. Heinrich noted that what Perceval experienced was “less a series of adventures than a series of initia tions.".^ But it remained for Nitze and above all Miss Weston (in From Ritual to Romance) to give this earlier suggestion the weight of a serious theory. Her theory has been attacked on the ground that she based it on the ques-

33 The Golden Bough by Sir James Frazer. It is a monumental work both in respect to its scope and its effect. Miss Weston first begun her ritual theory after noting that regicide was an accident of both the Osiris cult wor ship and of the early Grail stories. I quote from The Golden Bough Vol. 4, p. 120: “In die History of the Holy Grail we find reminisceneis of a custom of regicide which had been common in early Egyptian and middle Greek times as is retold in their peculiar myths.” ... The Evolution of Arthurian Romance Vol. I p. 209. 35 Ibid. p. 110. 3C Ibid. p. 306-7. 37 Perceval dc Wolfram von Eschcnbach, p. 128

tionable testimony of members of occult orders. She has been able to counter by quoting in its favor some of the most eminent authorities on anthropology and classical myths and rituals. “One may not find so convincing Miss Wes ton’s view on the transmission and later his tory of the material, but her main thesis is amply supported." 38 Miss Weston has pointed out many strik ing parallels between vegetation rituals and elements of the Grail story. First of all we shall look over these parallels and then discuss the manner of their transmission from the near East (1200 B. C.) to France and Britain (1200 A. D.). A most notable feature of the ritual of Adonis was the provinence assigned to women; it is the women who weep for Adonis and accampany him to his tomb. “The true reason for the universal mourning at Adonis' death was the cessation of the productive energy of the god upon whose virile activity vegetable life depended."an We might compare this fruitless land with the “Waste Land" of the Introduction, a comparison which Miss Wes ton pointed out in From Ritual to Romance. Turning from the Adonis ritual and its significance to an examination of th Grail ro mances, we find that their accident provide a striking series of parallels with tiv rituals of ancient and classical times, paralle which in stead of vanishing rather gain in force the more closely they are studied. Thus the central figure of the Grail roman ces is either a dead knight on a bier (as in the Gawain versions), or a wounded king on a litter. In the case of the latter, the injury cor responds with that suffered by Adonis and Attis. Closely connected with the wounding of the Grail king is the destruction which has befallen the land (cf. Introduction). “This position is stated with such clearness and pre cision that the conclusion cannot be evaded — we are face to face with the dreaded calamity which it was the aim of the Adonis ritual to avert, the temporary suspension of all the re productive energies of nature.”40 The weeping women in the Adonis ritual correspond to the prose Lancelot where Ga wain, during the night, sees twelve maidens come to the door of the chamber where the Grail is kept, and weep bitterly, and in fact behave precisely as did the classical mourners of Adonis. ;t8 Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance, p. 260 30 From Ritual to Romance, p. 44. 40 I'bid. p. 49. 60

we have set down as forming a basic idea of the Grail tradition—the proposition of a people whose prosperity and the fertility of their land are closely bound up with the life and virility of their king. If he “falls into languishment as does the Fisher King in Perlesvous, the land and inhabitants will suffer correspondingly.”.^ The foregoing evidence offers, according to Miss Weston, “sufficient proof of the now gen-erally admitted relationship between classical, medieval, and modern forms of nature ritual”4o It is now only fitting that Miss Jessie Wes ton should make the summary statement on the ritual theory: “The Grail story is not the pro duct of imagination, literary or popular. At its root lies the record, more or less distorted, of an ancient ritual, having for its ultimate ob ject the iniation into the secret cults.” 50 But since the approach of Miss Jessie Wes ton is only a theory like the Christian and Cel tic theories, it is likewise open to criticism. The critic is Roger Sherman Loomis, and the fol lowing is his opinion of the ritual theory. “This theory must be abandoned, both because no ritual of the sort can be cited from any country of western Europe and because Grail, spear and many other features can be more easily explained on the Celtic hypothesis.”51

“It is thus seen that in suggesting a form of nature worship, analogous to this wellknown cult, as the ultimate source from which the incidents of the Grail story were derived, we are relying not upon an isolated parallel, but upon a group of parallels, which alike in incident and intention offer, not merely a resemblance to, but also an explanation of, the perplexing problems of the Grail literature.” 41 Following now is the connection42 between (A) the 3000 B. C.-1200 B. C. ritual and (B) the present day. The ritual was established very early, died down, and then cropped up around 1200 B. C. First of all the reader should be informed that the modern Greeks have retained, in many instances under changed names, no inconsider able portion of their ancient mythological be liefs,43 among them the Adonis celebrations. “The gardens of Adonis blossom and fade to day, as they did many centuries ago, and I have myself spoken with a scholar who has seen women at the door of their houses, weep ing for Adonis.“4 | A second proof of connection is found in the rituals in Russia where “the vegetation or year spirit is known as Yarido, and is repre sented by a doll, \vh: ■ is enclosed in a coffin, and carried through the streets to the accom paniment of lament-if - .ns by women.“4.-, As a third prooi Miss Weston says that in many parts of Europe t<"day ceremonies include the mock execution of .ie individual represent ing the vegetation sp; u. frequently known in Bohemia as the “Kin-.- of the May."46 A most remarkable modern survival of this idea is recorded by Frazer in The Golden Bough: “The King of an African tribe, though regarded with reverence, must not be allowed to become old and feeble, lest, with the dimin ishing vigor of the ruler, the cattle should sick en, and fail to bear increase, the crops should not yield in the field (cf. Introduction) and men die in ever growing numbers.“47 The survival is of extraordinary interest; it presents us with a curiously close parallel to the situation which, on the evidence to texts,

^^F the three theories which we have dis cussed, the Christian theory has all but been discredited. First of all, the Church has denied that the Grail romance sprang from it. Secondly, the majority of modern scholars can find no proof or indications to support such a theory. The Celtic theory is supported by the “moderate” scholars. They point out that their theory has the advantage of antecedent pro bability; they also show that Bleheris, a man of Welsh origin, is generally accepted as the “original compiler” of the Grail romance. The ritual theory is supported by the “radi cal” scholars, or should I say scholar. For Miss Jessie Weston, though she is probably the greatest Grail scholar, and has conceived the most original approach to the Grail origin, finds herself virtually alone in support of the ritual theory. But her arguments at times hold so much water, that it is only proper to list her ritual theory with Roger Loomis’ Celtic theory as the only possible explanations for the origin of the Grail romance. 4S From Ritual to Romance p. 206. 40 Ibid. p. 207. no Ibid. p. 203. Standard Dictionary of Folklore Vol. I p. *162

4! Ibid. p. 51. 42 According to Miss Weston. Rise of the Greek Epic by Gilbert Murray, p. 100. Here Prof. Murray notes the analo gous development of Homeric and Arthurian traditions. 44 From Ritual to Romance, p. 52. 43 Ibid. p. 53 4,. Ibid. p. 56. 47 The Golden Bough Vol. V, “The Dying God," -p. 17. 61

WHY AID LATIN AMERICA? ; !

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[Recently the federal government published its annual report that showed John Q. Taxpayer how his dollars were spent during the past year through our for eign aid program. In this statement, which itemized foreign aid payments country by country, we still find Communist countries like Yugoslavia and Poland getting their hand-out from Uncle Sam, but more sig nificant is the fact that Latin America is finally getting its share. In fact—last year that region received over half a billion dol lars from our country. Such generosity to our Latin American neighbors has not always been the case. Latin America has not usually been given such a high priority. More often than not it has been slighted, neglected, and ignored while countries of Europe, Asia, and Afri ca have reaped the benefits of American aid. However, our government is now at tempting to prop up the weaker economies of our Latin American friends in the re alization that without strength and unity throughout the hemisphere our own coun try is not likely to maintain its present strength. Latin America certainly doesn’t lack potential. It has a total land area that could easily absorb the area of the United States twice. It has a population of 200 million, which will double by the turn of the century if the population continues to increase at its present explosive rate. And more significantly, there is “Lebensraum” in the hemisphere for settlement and in dustrial development. Yet in spite of these prospects for growth and the virtually un tapped resources the area has not achieved the potential of which it is capable. Some surprising achievements have been made in the political, economic, and educational fields, but further improve ment can and must be made in these areas to overcome present weaknesses. From evidence of progress that has been made there is reason to hope for additional suc cess. To get a better look at the weaknes ses, the strengths, and what can be ex pected with a concentrated effort, it is ne cessary to take a closer look at these fields. Politically, Latin America has made great strides toward democratic forms of government. Dictatorships have in most cases given way to constitutional forms of

government, and the Trujillos and the Perons have been thrown out. Yet Latin America, for all its progress, still lacks po litical stability. If the necessary reforms do not come about by peaceful evolution, the only course left is revolution. Then what starts as a sincere, worthwhile at tempt to reform degenerates into incom petence that borders on anarchy, and time after time the average Latin American’s hopes are betrayed, and he is left with fewer constitutional rights, a smaller share in government, and less wealth than he had before. In the economic development of Latin America there are also two contrasting pic tures. The optimists can point to many encouraging factors, and the pessimists can list just as many faults inherent in the economies of the Latin American coun tries. On the plus side is the fact that pro duction for the region increased at the average rate of 4.5% annually in the late 1950’s. This is quite an impressive sta tistic when we realize that the Gross Na tional Product of the U. S. increased only about 3% annually. Then, too, countries like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Venezu ela have begun to diversify their industrial capabilities and have developed important steel, oil, and electrical facilities. In ad dition, there are encouraging signs that Latin America is receptive to the idea of a common market. Some of the problems that have plagued Latin America have been eliminated, but many still remain. There is too great a dependence by these countries on United State markets. Also there are the prob lems of one-crop countries, the hesitancy of the South American capitalists to invest in industry, and the unequal distribution of wealth, especially land. Education is probably in a worse state than politics or economics in the Latin American countries. Though every govern ment tries to follow the principle that edu cation should be universal, the fact is that over half the people have no primary edu cation. Estimates say that 60% of the people are illiterate. The high school edu cation is considered very good, but it is available to only a small group of people, about 3%. The universities can only han dle a limited number and also have an62

other problem. Though they are theoretically free from state control, they have become politically involved, and as a result the university suffers. With schools so in need of help it is no wonder that education has been given top billing in our aid program to Latin America.

If given a chance to develop, Latin America can become an important part of the Western world. Our government has recognized the potential of the continent to the South and is trying to develop the countries of Latin America to strengthen l. s. our hemisphere.

EXIN Too long untouched By foreign hand, We rest calmly In the lull of Those complacent Ones before us, Who, as the same Before their sun, Rested in the quiet Interrupted suddenly By the result Of unwariness. — WAYNE MUELLER

THE HEAVENLY HOSTS Although we can not see them, They’re ’round on every side; In peace and health they keep us. And with us now abide. They’re God’s own guardian angels, Who watch us day and night, And when our life is ended, Abide with us in light. — c. T. OTTO

THE NAKED KAFIR In 1948 a crowd of four million people witnessed the dispersion of some ashes in to a slowly moving river. These were the mortal remains of a wizened old man, known to us and millions of Indians as the Mahatma. We cannot but wonder what quality this man possessed, which would cause so many to stand in 90° heat just to catch a glimpse of his ashes. What hold did Ghandi have on the hearts of the four hundred million Hindus in India?

became the strictest vegetarian and ate nothing animal, not even milk or eggs. He took a vow of celibacy, believing as Tol stoi, that this was the best condition in which to pass life. He refused to wear any clothes which he had not spun on his primitive loom. This was the manner in which he lived.

After death he wanted to obtain a re lease (moska) for his soul from rebirth or reincarnation. In order to do this he had The first and most obvious answer is to merge the self(atman) with the uni that he was the George Washington of In versal (brahman). Through utter humility dia. Ghandi had led the struggle which and contemplation he wished to have an culminated in Indian independence. But “identification with everything that lives.” this is not why these had gathered. They His greatest desire was to become part of had come to see the ashes of India’s great the brahman, which is the all-pervading est guru thrown into the sacred Ganges. spirit of the cosmos, the absolute, and the It was as a teacher and a prophet of a new, infinite. To realize god then was to be vital Hinduism that he inscribed himself come part of this life essence, the univer sal soul. upon the memory of his people. No one can ignore the . {feet of this It was through his teaching and use of the doctrine of non-violence (ahimsa) that man upon India and the world. His doc he forced the British government to yield. trine and mode of living h.tve influenced He did not intend ahimsa or satyagraha, millions to become his ardent followers. i.e., the force which is bom of truth and Sadly we must realize that ho denied the love, to be primarily a political instrument, deity of Christ, because Ik believed that but a way of life. Ghandi believed that all men were the incarnate sons of god. this was the only way to realize the truth, He had little respect for Clnistianity, be and since god is truth, the only way to cause such a great gulf existed between its realize god. To do this demanded a com teaching and practice. Yet he is indispu plete self-purification through an absolute tably one of the great men of the twentieth century. He shall not soon be forgotten, self-abnegation. especially by any church endeavoring to When he had found himself early in do mission work in India. life, he began to put this into practice. He D. G.

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FORUM PRESENTATIONS

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On October 18th, Howard Festerling will present “I Hear America Singing,” the story of the American people and their land as told in their folk music. The tentative date of November 7th has been set for Errol Carlson’s presenta tion of an original play in the round. Theater-in-the-round, a new experience foi Northwestern, adds the special appeal of an intimate audience-play relationship.

A MISSIONARY'S CHAGRIN church in the South. He thought it very strange that Americans spend thousands of dollars to send many missionaries to Africa, and then refuse these African con verts admission to their own churches. Another of these Africans, Harry, now proudly calls himself a heathen and a pa gan. He laughs and says that a missionary will have to try to reconvert him. Church members are mostly hypocrites, he says. Part of his reason for saying this is the conflict between the Christian message of love and some of the treatment he has re ceived while here. The third man, Willie, still claims to be a Christian. He did think it rather strange, though, when a Washington, D.C. taxi driver advised him to tell the people he met that he was an African, studying here on a student visa. American Negroes, he was told, are a bad group. America’s reputation suffers when for eign visitors return home and are able to tell of some mistreatment they received because of their race. But worse than that, the Church suffers an irreparable loss. Souls that were converted to Christ through the painstaking efforts of missionaries and the donations of Christian laymen are lost by loveless action. a. w.

I t is impossible to legislate Christian love ■ into existence. In keeping with this state ment and with their historical background, the Wisconsin Synod has adopted no offici al policy in the integration struggle which it might intend to force upon its members. The racial problem must and can only be settled out of a spirit of Christian love. For this reason none of our pastors has taken part in parades or sit-ins or made a spec tacle of himself by being incarcerated; nor, on the other hand, has any person been barred from attendance at any of our church services because of his race. Unfortunately this has not been the case in other American Protestant church es. During the past year l met three Afri can Negroes, college students who were studying in the United States All three of them were members of a Christian church before they came to America. Their par ents had been converted from heathenism to Protestant Christianity by American missionaries. The sad fact, however, is that now only one of the three still claims to be a Christian. One of them, James, became an ag nostic. His mind is filled with all sorts of doubts. Part of his reason for turning away from Christ was that he had been turned away from an all-white Episcopal

EQUIVOCATION Pseudo intellectuals, You great dogmatic fools Who pitch the line to Everyone! Our Lady Malaprop Could frolic less Than your high feather. You knead a massive Mind — of wax That vaunts itself For first impress. No mode of Self-integrity Could ever ford Your bloated mind. That stamped degree Of yours is signed By pseudo kings And pseudo lords. JOHN TRAPP 65

Class Officers

Sophomores: A. Ruddat, P. Kelm, D. Rutschow.

Seniors: L. Sonntag, K. Gast, M. Schulz.

Freshmen: A. Zahn, M. Schwartz, D. Halvarson. Juniors: R. Schmidt, K. Peterson, J. Lawrenz. News and the New School Year Twelve men were elected to executive po* sitions by the four College classes. They are: Seniors, Ken Gast, pres.; Martin Schulz, vicepres.; Lyle Sonntag, treasurer; Juniors, John Lawrenz, pres.; Karl Peterson, vice-pres.; Rus* sell Schmidt, treasurer; Sophomores, Paul Kelm, pres.; David Rutschow, vice*pres.; Arnold Ru* ddat, treasurer; Freshmen, Martin Schwartz, pres.; Dennis Halvarson, vice*pres.; A1 Zahn, treasurer. 66

Change typifies every college campus in late September and early October. Daylight Saving Time ends, nature executes a seasonal modulation of color, shirtsleeves disappear, and many of last summerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sybarites succumb to a new feeling of brainweariness. Along with change comes its corollaries, adjustment, organ* ization, and innovation, and all four set the tempo of activity in a new school year. In just such a way Northwestern has moved into its 99th year.

Homecoming Preparations

School Opening With an admonition and encouragement “To Redeem the Time," President Toppe offi cially opened the 1963'64 school year on Mon' day, the 9th of September. In the same ser vice an assembly of students, parents, and friends, looked on as Instructor Korn and Tu tors Sievert and Wagenknecht were inducted into their respective services. ... With books bought and fees paid, many a student unhap pily found his summer earnings trimmed a bit more closely than at a similar time a year ago. The Bursar's office had asked for and got an initial payment on the synod's new Educational Most classes received schedules and Fee first assignments, excepting the Juniors who for a while at least were not quite sure as to whether they had either. The new curriculum and scheduling had teamed up to produce a multitude of conflicts, which with Prof. Sie vert's help were shortly ironed out.

The Junior class has hit upon a new system for choosing the traditional Homecoming Queen and Court. There will be no campaign' mg, no candidates. All Prep coeds of the eleventh and twelfth grades are eligible for balloting to be held on Monday, October 14. Court, Queen, and students will be informed of the results for the first time at the bonfire pep rally on the eve of Homecoming............. The Juniors also have announced this year's display theme — “Fables and Fairy Tales." . . The Sophomores are burning midnight oil in their effort to deck out the gym The Frosh, not to be undone, are stirring up excite' ment downtown in anticipation of their bonfire guarding duties Bring on the Blue Devils!

VARSITY HOME GAMES Eureka (Homecoming) — October 19, 2:00 P. M. Lakeland — November 2, 2:00 P. M.

tikmu yfajbeA CALLS Pastor Donald W. Grummert, ’10, who had served at Grace Lutheran Church, Sioux City, Iowa, has accepted a call to St. John Luther an Church, Minneapolis. He was installed on September 8, 1963. Pastor Robert Zink, ’56, whose former congre gation was Bethlehem Lutheran Church, Ray mond, South Dakota, has taken a call to Tcss Corners, Wisconsin. He was installed on Au gust 10, 1963.

ting their new parsonage on September 22, 1963. Pastor Edward Werner, ’59, is the shep herd of the congregation. ANNIVERSARIES St. John Lutheran Church of Sheridan Tonwship, Belview, Minnesota, celebrated it’s 75th anniversary. Jerome Braun, former tutor at Northwestern College, serves the congrega tion. Pastor M. J. Lenz and Pastor Warren Henrich were die guest speakers. Pastor W. H. Zickuhr, ’37, joined with his con gregation, St. Paul Lutheran Church of El dorado, Wisconsin, recently to celebrate its centennial. RETIREMENT The Reverend Christian Kock, ’17, having spent a long ministry in the work of the Gospel, retired on September 1, 1963. Leaving his last charge Mount Olive Lutheran Church, St. Paul, Minnesota, he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. BIRTH A daughter was born to Pastor and Mrs. Louis W. Meyer, ’54, on July 9, 1963. She was christened Jennifer Jean.

DEDICATIONS The members of Gethsemane Lutheran Congre gation, Tigard, Oregon, dedicated their new church on September 8, 1963. Pastor A. B. Habben, ’40, is serving die congregation. Our Savior Lutheran Church of Sault Ste. Ma rie, Ontario, Canada, was recently dedicated. The congregation is served by Pastor Richard Lauersdorf, ’56. Recently the dedication of a new school addi tion was celebrated at St. Matthew Lutheran Church, Appleton, Wisconsin. Pastor Sylves__ ter Johnson is the pastor there. Emmanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church of South Shore, South Dakota, enjoyed dedica67

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MISCELLANEOUS Our Savior Lutheran Church of Bismark, North Dakota, is erecting a new church. The Rev erend Roland Zimmermann, ’52, serves the congregation. Pastor Kenneth Lenz, ’54, and his congregation Messiah Evangelical Lutheran Church at Glendive, Montana, are zealously building a new house of worship. WEDDINGS Lowell Smith, ’59, to Nancy Lenius, June 29, at Egg Harbor. Jerald Plitzuweit, ’59, to Lois Degncr, June 14, New ton burg. Norman Paul, ’62, to Gerri Reupert. June 8, Milwaukee. Larry Ellenberger, ’62, to Lucille Fuchs, June 8, Waukesha.

Donald Ninmer, ’62, lo Joanne Johnson, June 8. Kiel. Paul Emmel, '61, to Doris Grube, June 8, Wa tertown. Dan Westendorf, ’59. to Eunice Pankow, June 8, Watertown. Delbert Begalka, ’62, to Caroline Kube, June 8, Oconomowoc. John Gaertner, ’59, to Joan Harlung, JJune 22, Racine. Harold Schewe, ’59, to Jane Gretta, June 15, Racine. Larry Zessin, ’62, to Delores Hint/. August 10, Watertown. Robert Uttech, ’61, to Ann Rindfleisch, August 11, Jefferson. David Gray, ’61, to Margaret Olson, August 2-1. Watertown.

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ADVICE TO THE FROSH: 1) Do not develop sarcasm. If you are like a lot of freshmen, you are probably a little tainted. But since there are no means by which you could pick it up here, you should try to get rid of it, if you can. After all sarcasm might prevent you from get ting one of these coeds, whom, no doubt, you’ve had your eyes on. 2) Be prompt. The professor might be so surprised that he will give no assignments for that day. 3) Don’t get a swelled head. It’s hard to keep a beany on that way. 4) Take special care of the bonfire. It might get hot for you otherwise. 5) Keep all grievances under the beany. 6) Perhaps, you’re wondering why we have initiation. Well, initiation is an old, old tradition. In fact, the Stone Age men had a certain rite along this line, which scholars name as “rites of passage.” A famous scholar puts it this way, “No oc casion inspired more elaborate and bar baric ceremonies than the mystery of man hood. For it was at this period that the young male entered into the high estate of adulthood. To learn discipline and for titude he was forced to undergo a physical loss such as an amputation of fingers, body scarring, bloodletting, .... Only after he had suffered and had been taught the so cial responsibilities of the adult could he

be initiated into manhood with solemn, but joyous occasion.” Every year changes have been threat ened. But this year some have been carried out, believe it or not. Following the maxim that it’s a poor corner that has no gas sta tion, Bentzin’s Store was torn down and a Consolidated Gas Station was built in its place. Our pool table was remodeled, or shall I say, completely transformed. No longer do we have to shoot through an obstacle course of mountains and valleys, but we can glide over smooth plain. By the way. the tile on the ceiling still has its tell-tale holes. Will all those who have poor eye sight please refrain from playing pool. There was a rumor going around that there were going to be five men in some of the three man rooms and the overflow stag gered in two man rooms. However, that turned out to be a lot of bunk. The other day in psychology class the discussion somehow turned to sea sickness. Now it so happens that there are some very sensitive people who at the mere men tion of sea sickness become ill. Dick Win ters, who is one of these sensitive souls, turned pale and had to rush out of the room with a handkerchief over his mouth. When he finally returned, he looked very pale and distraught despite the laughter of his fellow students. 68

used on tombstones. 5) The bigger the summer vacation, the harder the fall.

The “N” of the senior class, wrought in hardy bush, has proved to be quite a blight resistant variety. It has withstood rain, frost, snow, hail, fire and even trampling. During the early summer many people plagued one another with many a pea brained elephant joke. Lately Tom Swifties have been the craze. A Tom Swifty is a joke which makes puny use of an ad verb. Some of the best ones I’ve heard floating went like this: “Boy, those intramural games are hard,” said Tom stiffly. “It’s time to get up,” Tom said alarming-

DAFFYNITIONS prep dorm = den of din honor system = an educational plan in in which the teachers have the honor and the students have the system space = the only thing some people take up in school lucky man = one who doesn’t have to buy books room checker = one responsible for the men in the dorm college = usually referred to as a foun tain of knowledge, where stu dents gather to drink college courses = includes not only Greek, German, Latin, and He brew, but also a little Scotch

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“I pulled the wool over your eyes,” Tom said sheepishly. “I’ll have a martini,” said Tom drily. “That’s the last time I’ll pat a lion,” said Tom offhandedly “It’s 2:00 a. m.,” the tutor said lately. STATISTICS SHOW THAT: 1) Half of the married people in Wis consin are women. 2) More money is spent on chewing gum than on books; but then, one can borrow books 3) Many students i . n't see what’s right under their nose If they did, a lot of mustaches would be shaved off. 4) Latin isn’t a de i ' nguage. It’s still

BELIEVE IT OR NOT 1) Most of the seniors are lofty-minded. In fact over 50% of them live on the third floor. 2) Dave Gosdeck, who weighs 137 lbs., has a cousin up here, Ron Gosdeck, who weighs about 230 lbs. By the way, Ron has a twin brother who tips the scales at about 137 lbs.

game, that team will be at a decided dis advantage against the experienced team. On Saturday, September 21, the Trojans received their chance to gain this valuable experience. For four quarters the “Whites” battled the “Blacks” while qualified officials made sure that the game was played ac cording to football Hoyle. In the end, the Whites came away with a 25 to 14 victory.

TROJAN GRIDDERS BEGIN PRACTICE On Tuesday, September 10th, 41 can didates reported for Coach Len Umnus’ first football practice. Of this number, 17 are returning lettermen. The Trojans find themselves with more experienced players, a stronger backfield, and a heavier line than they have had in the past few years. If these assets are molded together, the Varsity should improve its last year’s recrod of 3 wins and 4 losses.

ELMHURST DOWNS NORTHWESTERN, 31-20 A 75 yard runback of a fumble and a 95 yard kickoff return turned potential vic tory into defeat for Northwestern at Elm hurst College on September 28. In 80 de gree heat the Trojans and Bluejays battled on almost even terms with the exception

INTRASQUAD GAME Experience is as valuable on the gridrio nas it is in any other field. Unless a team is able to participate in basic game conditions before it plays its first actual 69

of the two plays mentioned above. Elmhurst capitalized early in the 1st quarter as the Trojans attempted a quick kick. The pass from center sailed over Gurgel’s head and even though he was able to regain control of the ball, he was stopped short of a first down and Elmhurst took over on the N.W.C. 45. In ten plays the Bluejays scored, with the final run of 12 yards by Hackett. The extra point at tempt failed. The Trojans took the ensuing kickoff and began a sustained drive which was highlighted by a 30 yard run by Toepel. With the ball resting on the 29, Schroeder passed to Hahm who then bulled his way through one defender to score. Scharfs extra point was good and Northwestern led 7 to 6 with 3 minutes, 15 seconds left in the 1st quarter. After 4 minutes of the 2nd quarter the Trojans again had the ball and had driven their way to the Bluejay 27 when confu sion broke out. On the next play from scrimmage the ball passed through the hands of three Northwestern players and ended up bouncing freely on the ground. Ron Teed of Elmhurst snatched up the loose ball and scampered 75 yards to score. The extra point was run by Eck. The Trojans and Bluejays then traded touchdowns. With 3 minutes left in the 2nd quarter, Holte completed a 12 yard pass to Miller. The extra point run was stopped. After receiving the kickoff, the Black and Red marched 63 yards in 7 plays. A 41 yard pass from Schroeder to Schwartz sparked the drive. The score came on an 8 yard pass from Schroeder to Clark Sievert, who made a diving catch in the end zone. Scharfs kick was blocked and the halftime score was Elmhurst 19, Northwestern 13. The first play of the second half was the turning point in the game. With N.W. C. within one touchdown of the lead Peter son of Elmhurst took Scharfs kickoff and raced 95 yards up the middle of the field to score. Again the extra point failed, but now Elmhurst led 25 to 13. A recovered fumble of a punt reception put the Trojans in position for another score. Three plays after the ball was re covered on the 17 yard line of the Blue and White, Bob Bitter blitzed for 11 yards and a touchdown. This time Scharfs kick

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was good and the Trojans crept within 6 points of the lead. From this point on, Elmhurst control led the game. With 1 minute left in the 3rd quarter, Holte threw a 9 yard pass to Driskill which put the game on ice for Elmhurst. The try for extra point fell short of the goal. The 4th quarter went scoreless as the Bluejays ground out short gains and ran out the clock. The Trojans gained posses sion of the ball three times, but could not advance. U.I.C. SNEAKS BY TROJANS 12-6 The University of Illinois, Chicago de feated the Trojans 12-6 on Saturday night, October 5, in the Windy City. The win ning touchdown came with only 45 sec onds left in the game as quarterback Ed De Marco sneaked over from the 1 yard line. The Trojans drew first blood in the opening quarter after tackle John Brug had recovered an Illini fumble on the Orange and Gold’s 25 yard line. A few plays after the recovery Marty Schwartz passed 24 yards to Ron Hahm who was run out of bounds on the U.I.C.’s 1 yard line. Bob Bitter then plunged over to give Northwestern a 6-0 lead. The extra point attempt failed. In the second quarter the Illini began a continuous drive which was climaxed by a 9 yard touchdown run by Jordan Gold stein. The point after attempt was unsuc cessful. The second half was controlled by U.I.C. as they rolled up a total of 171 yards. On three successive series the Trojan de fense stopped the Illini from scoring with in their own 20 yard line. But then the magic spell was broken. With 50 seconds left in the game, De Marco threw a screen pass to halfback Pete Mitsis who picked up 44 yards and was finally pushed out of bounds on Northwestern’s 1 yard line. De Marco then plunged across with the win ning score. The extra point again failed, but the damage had been done. This was the Trojans first Gateway Conference game and U.I.C.’s second. The Illini are 2-0 and overall 3-0 while the Trojans are 0-1 in conference play and 0-2 on the year. 70

SENIOR LETTERMEN

JLJ

If.

i-r,

\r.

„v

•5 •u..: A

, t

mu A

■■ '• I

:tz ■

•

■

7&Z

•'•••

SS&fi Standing: L. Sonntag, L. Schroeder, R. Scharf, K. Gast. Kneeling: R. Bitter, K. Gurgel.

INTRAMURAL FOOTBALL With the season just begun, the stand ings are as follows: 1

Juniors

Sophomores

Freshman

Seniors

II! COCA - COLA SPRITE TAB SUNRISE

FLAVORS

AVAILABLE AT THE CANTEEN 71

STUDENTS! CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS AUTO SUPPLY WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, Inc., 404 Main Street BAKERIES PAGEL'S BAKERY, 114 West Main Street QUALITY BAKE SHOP, 104 Main Street BANKS BANK OF WATERTOWN, First and Main Streets MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK, 100 Main Street BARBERS POOLE'S BARBER SHOP, 5 Main Street BEVERAGES BADGER STATE BOTTLING CO., Watertown COCA - COLA PEPSI-COLA SEVEN-UP

BOWLING ALLEYS

;

■

BOW -A-FUN, 766 N. Church Street BILLIARDS DAVE S CUE & CUSHION, 108 Second Street CHEESE MI.WAUKEE CHEESE CO., Milwaukee, Wis. CLEANERS EASY WASH, First and Dodge Streets ONE HOUR MARTINIZING, 1 E. Main Street PARAMOUNT CLEANERS, 621 Main Street TOP CLEANERS, 114 S. First Street VOGUE CLEANERS, 412 Main Street CONCRETE TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO., Watertown DAIRIES DAIRY LANE, Union Street MULLEN'S, 212 W. Main Street DRUG STORES BUSSE'S, 204 Main Street DOERR DRUGS, West Main Street MALLACH PHARMACY, 315 Main Street TETZLAFF PHARMACY, 116 Main Street EYE GLASSES Drs. H. E. MAGNAN, 410 Main Street FLOOR MAINTENANCE DURAC'EAN OF WATERTOWN, 1322 Randolph Street FLORISTS BIRKHOLZ FLORAL SHOP, 616 Main Street LOEFFLER FLORAL SHOP, 202 W. Main Street FURNITURE H. HAFEMEISTER, 607 Main Street KECK FURNITURE CO., 110 Main Street GARAGES A. KRAMP CO., 617 Main Street DODGE STREET GARAGE, Inc., 311 Third Street MEL'S GARAGE, 110 N. Water Street SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc., 305 Third Street VOSS MOTORS, Inc., 301 W. Main Street WITTE, FARR and FROST, Inc., 119 Water Street GROCERIES & PRODUCE BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE, Beaver Dam COHEN BROTHERS, Inc., Fond du Lac HARDWARE & SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE STORE, 304 Main Street REX DRAHEIM, Inc., 107 Main Street D. & F. KUSEL CO., 108 W. Main Street INSURANCE AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS, Appleton CHURCH MUTUAL INS. CO., Merrill, Wis. LUTHERAN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Iowa READY AGENCY, 424 N. Washington Street WM. C. KRUEGER, 312 Main Street JEWELRY SALICK JEWELRY, Main at Third Streets SCHNEIDER JEWELRY, 111 So. Third Street SCHOENIKE'S JEWELRY, 408 Main Street WARREN'S JEWELRY, 111 Main Street

attention!

RESTAURANTS EAST GATE INN, Old Hwy. 16 East LEGION GREEN BOWL, Oconomowoc Avenue L & L LUNCHEONETTE, 417 East Main Street SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN, 510 Main Street WIL-MOR INN, 1500 Bridge Street ZWIEG'S GRILL, Main & Ninth Streets SAVINGS & LOAN WATERTOWN SAVINGS & LOAN, 3rd & Madison SERVICE STATIONS BURBACH STANDARD SERVICE, 701 Main Street KARBERG'S, 501 S. Third Street SHOE STORES MEYER'S SHOE STORE, 206 Main Street RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE, 212 Main Street SHOE REPAIR ARPS SHOE SERVICE, 119 N. Second Street SMOKE SHOP PICADILLY, 406 Main Street SUNDRIES F. W. WOOLWORTH CO., 312-20 Main Street S. S. KRESGE, 209-211 Main Street TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO, 200 W. Main Street VICTOR NOWACK, 610 Cady Street THEATRES CLASSIC, 308 Main Street TRANSPORTATION OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO., Oconomowoc

25% - 35% SAVINGS Helps You Insure Your Church Home Business More Adequately

;

MERRIIL, WISCONSIN

ZWIEG’S

GRILL Fine Foods Open Daily

SANDWICHES BREAKFASTS HAMBURGERS PLATE LUNCHES BROASTED CHICKEN & CONES MALTS & SHAKES ’

Phone 261-1922

904 East Main Street

{

TOP CLEANERS

MALLACH PHARMACY

Special Student Prices With This Ad

J. J. Mallach, r. ph.

Trousers 490 Suits $1.00 20% Discount on other cleaning (cash and carry) 114 S. First Street

Phone 261-3502

G. J. Mallach, r. pii. Phone 261-3717 - Watertown

In Watertown It's

Jisum'A Smart Clothes for Men 114 Main Street

RinkUolq, tylotial SAafi ;■

Flowers — Gifts — Potted Plants

Watertown

LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS

Watertown, Wisconsin

116 N. Main 415 E. Main OCONOMOWOC WATERTOWN EVERYTHING IN MUSIC Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music

ART'S SHOE SERVICE

For Quality and Service Trade and Save at

"We Telegraph Flowers” 616 Main Street — Phone 261-7186

Across From

THE NEW MOOSE LODGE SHOE REPAIR Fast Service — Reasonable Prices

DON'S NEW YORK MARKET Donald Sayler, prop. QUALITY MEAT and GROCERIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

119 N. Second Street

Watertown

Phone 261-7516

8 Main Street

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS

=KECK

Everything in Paints and Wallpaper 208 Main Street

Phone 261-4062

Watertown, Wisconsin

FURNITURE

complete home furnishers

COMPANY

FOR OVER A CENTURY

110-112 Main St. — Watertown PHONE 261*7214

QUALITY BAKE SHOP

COMPLIMENTS OF Your Walgreen Agency Pharmacy

GEROLD OLSON, PROP.

High-Grade PASTRIES & CAKES Phone 261-4150

104 Main Street

The Busse Pharmacy A. E. McFarland

R. E. Wills

PARAMOUNT CLEANERS For Cleaning Well Done - Dial 261-6792 SPECIAL STUDENT PRICES

: < ;ive Clothes with Russell Schmidt, Room 314 Pickup on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 621 Main Street — Watertown

Compliments of

DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION Lunches

it with 'J-UHae/iA”

LOEFFLER

Shop,

Billiards 202 W. Main Street - Phone 261-2073

108 Second Street

The Finest In Family Entertainment

From A Friend

I RAMBLER

•Baerr

SALES AND SERVICE

: ■

DAY & NIGHT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE

A. KRAMP CO.

Telephone 261-7459

Watertown — Phone 261-2771

' ;

GUYER MUSIC STORE i

MUSIC — RECORDS

F. W. Woolworth Co.

RADIOS — PHONOS 312-20 Main Street 109 North Third Street

To Health"

"Your Pathway i

MILK

ICE CREAM

; i

Watertown's First Grade A. Dairy 600 Union Street

Phone 261-3522

•5

;

BLOCK'S MARKET

MAIL ORDERS OUR SPECIALTY

112 Second Street Dial 261-2353 Watertown, Wisconsin

— Available at the Canteen —

LEMACHER STUDIO

Merchants National Bank

115 N. Fourth Street

“The Bank of Friendly Service” Drive-In & Free Parking Lot

Phone 261-6607

MEMBER OF

“Graduation Portraits A Specialty”

FDIC & Federal Reserve System

Tetzlaff

Watertown Memorial Co., Inc. "THE BLOCKS"

Rexall Pharmacy

Quality Monuments, Markers and

Prescriptions — Drugs — Cosmetics

Mausoleums

116 Main Street — Watertown

112 N. Fourth Street — Watertown Telephone 261-0914

Telephone 261-3009

PLUMBING 6c He..

!NG

Telephone 26*-6545

GUSE,

RESIDENTIAL. COMMERCIAL

HIGHWAY 19, P. O. Box 392

INDUSTRIAL

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Sinclair,

ONE STOP DECORATING CENTER • MASTERCRAFT PAINT • LIGHT FIXTURES • WIRING SUPPLIES • VENETIAN BLINDS • WINDOW SHADES • FLOOR COVERING • FLOOR & WALL TILE • GLASS-MIRRORS • GIFTS—DISHES—TOYS • WALLPAPER

tyiee CliimtUeA. <vt Si^c jjab RESIDENTIAL • INDUSTRIAL • COMMERCIAL

JUf

KARBERG'S SERVICE

Complete Service and Road Service Phone 261-5561 501 S. Third Street

(paqsd'A (Bak&hy Popcorn 114 W. Main Street

Potato Chips Watertown

•

Watertown

EASY WASH COIN

WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, INC.

LAUNDRY STOP IN AND SEE US !

Across From the A & P First and Dodge

Phone 261-9826

404 Main Street

Phone 261-4249

You Arc Looking at o

Larry Reich's

SALICK Original Design

We Import O ur Otun DIAMONDS GIFTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS

WIL-MOR INN 1500 Bridge Street

Watertown

On City U. S. Highway 16

EXPERT REPAIRS

WTTN AM

1580kc - 1000 Watts

104.7 me — 10,000 Watts

DAYTIME

ANYTIME

L & L LUNCHEONETTE - SERVING 6:00 a. m. to 7:00 p. m. Daily Sunday 6:00 a. m. to 1:30 p. m. 417 East Main St. — Watertown

Co-Mo Photo Company Photo Finishing — Cameras Black and White — Color “We Process Films” 217-219 N. 4th Street

Watertown

Phone 261-3011

Duraclean of Watertown “FLOWER FRESH CLEANING” of Fine Furniture and Carpets ■

•

ARCHIE

BROTHERS, INC. MONUMENTS

Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Building Maintenance

“The Best Need Not Be Expensive”

WAYNE STAUDE, OWNER

218 SOUTH FIRST STREET

1322 Randolph St.

Dial 261-3350

P hevrolef

3cirr an cl Urodt, SCHOENICKE S JEWELRY

nc.

STUDENTEN!

HAMILTON & BULOVA WATCHES Feature-Lock Diamond Rings Bulova Accutron Watches Expert Watch Repairing

Kommen Sie herein um unsere Pfeifen zu priifen

4CS Main Street â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Phone 261-6836

DON'S PICADILLY SMOKE SHOP

0pt&c6en, & S<m& faHOME OWNED

HOME MANAGED

Milwaukee Cheese Co. 770 North 220th Street I

Brookfield, Wis.

MANUFACTURERS OF BEER KAESE & WUNDERBAR BRICK CHEESE COMPLETE LINE OF BIRDS EYE FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS

: » !-

Victor G. Nowack WHOLESALE CANDY, GUM, SMOKER'S SUPPLIES

Compliments of

610 Cady Street

BURBACH

Phone 261-7051

Compliments of

GEISER POTATO CHIPS

Standard Service

and POPCORN

East Gate Inn

S. S. KRESGE'S

For Your

ONE STOP STUDENT SUPPLY HEADQUARTERS

Dining Pleasure East Gate Drive (Old Hwy. 16)

209-211 Main Street

SCHNEIDER JEWELRY Student Gift Headquarters Bulova — Elgin — Hamilton Caravelle Watches Columbia and Princess Diamonds Expert Watch Repairing 111 S. Third Street

Dial 261-6769

Watertown

MEL'S GARAGE Automatic Transmission and General Repair Tel. 261-1848

110 N. Water St.

Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our firm is proud to have been selected to build the new pipe organ in the college chapel.

Bowl - A - Fun 766 North Church Street Phone 261-2512

Most

Modern

the

State

Mullens Dairy Malted Milks Made Special For N.W. C. Students

20c

25c

m-m-m 212 W. Main Street

30c

m-m-good Watertown, Wisconsin

Phone 261-4278

CHARLES DAVID'S SONS

SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc.

“For 60 Years”

DODGE - DODGE DART

Glass Desk Tops

DODGE TRUCKS 305 Third Street

MAUTZ PAINT

Dial 261-2035

306 Madison Street

Watertown

Emil’s Pizza Hut LUMBER -COAL- COKL - FUEL OIL All Kinds

Building Materials

Free delivery

Open 4 p. m. till ? ?

Hot to your Door — Closed Tuesday

“Everything To Build Anything” 414 E. Main St. - Phone 261-5455 Dial 261-5676 I

HAFEMEISTER Funeral Service FURNITURE

THE STUDENT'S CHOICE

“OUR SERVICE SATISFIES" Henry Hafemeiser, Roland Harder Ray Dobbratz 607-613 Main Street — Phone 261-2218

Our Greatest Asset Is Your Satisfaction YOU SAVE ON QUALITY CLEANING 412 Main Street — Phone 261-6851

D. & F. KUSEL CO. aid s4fi,ftCtance&

Sfronting (foadA <utd SINCE 1849

108- 112 W. Main Street

TO NORTHWESTERN STUDENTS:

^ectemfitcoH

$t.00

With the Purchase of Our

JOHN C. ROBERTS & KINGSWAY SHOES WITH HUSH PUPPIES

RAY S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE Watertown, Wisconsin

COMPLETE CITY and COHEN BROTHERS, INC.

t; :

FARM STORE

Wholesale Fruits and Produce

GLOBE MILLING CO.

FOND DU LAC, WIS.

"SINCE 1 845" “House of Quality”

Phone 261-0810

Attractive Special Rates For Students

113 Second Street Telephone 261-5072

ALRIPPE

The "READY" AGENCY 424 N. Washington Street —Watertown ALMA AND JOE READY, AGENTS

Dial 261-2868 ALL KINDS OF INSURANCE Life Insurance — Notary Public — Bonds

• if-

utson Braun Lumber Watartouin, Wis

■

“Garages, liemodeling and Kitchen Cabinets"

BRAUN BUILT HOMES ■

■

DODGE STREET GARAGE, INC. Your OLDSMOB1LE Dealer Dial 261-5120

311 Third Street

Watertown

HARDWARE - SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE, & 304 Main Street — Phone 261-4984

TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO CO.

Servicing Your Canteen With

School Supplies — Candy — Tobacco Drugs — Paper Goods, etc. 200 W. Main Street

Watertown

MEYER'S SHOE STORE

One hour

mmnm

PEDWIN, ROBLEE & FREEMAN

CERTIFIES

THE MOST IN DRY CLEANING

SHOES FOR MEN

Fast Shirt and Laundry Service

10% Discount for Students

1 East Main Street Phone 261-0824 Watertown

206 Main Street

OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO. Charter Trips

School Bus Transportation HAROLD KERR

Phone LOgan 7-2189

Route 1

OCONOMOWOC, WISCONSIN

FIN *nd TAIL

Dr. Harold E. Magnan Dr. Harold E. Magnan, Jr.

OPTOMETRISTS Pizza — Fried Foods — Delicatessen 108 So. Third Street Dial 261-5210

410 Main Street — Watertown

i ■

READ THE

WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES For Local, State, National and World News SERVED BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL

PLAN YOUR FINANCIAL FUTURE, i TOO,

The Lutheran Mutual Way Right now your main concern is working toward gradua tion ... preparing for your vocational future. It’s also a fine time to begin to prepare your financial future. Lutheran Mutual Life Insurance has a financial program that will meet your particular needs now. . . and in the future. Because Lutheran Mutual sells exclusively to Lutherans — Lutheran Mutual policies are available to you at a remarkably low net cost. And when you buy a Lutheran Mutual policy at the earliest possible age, you are more certain to be insurable and the premium is low er than it will ever be again.

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Waverly, Iowa BEGIN A PLAN TO MEET YOUR FINANCIAL FUTURE, NOW, WITH YOUR LUTHERAN MUTUAL AGENT

Euhiesiibe ta the. fllacJz & (led: Send your name and address along with two (2) dollars to Robert Christman, Black and Red, Watertown, Wisconsin, and a year’s subscription (eight issues) will be mailed to you. Name Address City.

State i

Newly Remodeled

LEGION GREEN BOWL

TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO.

Waieotooudi Place to Cat Closed Tuesdays

MATERIALS ACCURATELY Proportioned and Thoroughly Mixed To Your Specifications

Steaks — Chicken — Sea Foods FACILITIES FOR PRIVATE PARTIES & BANQUETS

1413 Oconomowoc Ave— Dial 261-9878

Watertown

Phone 261-0863

POOLE’S BARBER SHOP 4 Ciiairs Fast - Efficient Service 5 Main Street

Phone 261-2906

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Sank oft CcJaicAlojvn The Bcu.; With The Time & Temperature WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Over 105 Years of Service VOSS MOTORS, INC. LINCOLN and MERCURY

DEALING IN

COMET

MEATS and SAUSAGES

301 W. Main Street — Phone 261-1655 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

WURTZ PAINT AND

FLOOR COVERING

of All Kinds 202 Third Street watertown Dial 261-7066 watertown

KRKR'$ fa Mists

One Stop Decorating Center Comer 2nd & Main Sts. - Phone 261-2860

113 Main Street

Watertown

SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN HAMBURGERS — HOT DOGS FRIES — CHICKEN SHRIMP — FISH MALTS — SHAKES Serving Both Chocolate and Vanilla 510 Main Street — Phone 261-0774 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Rex Dralieim, Inc. TIRE and SPORT HEADQUARTERS ; ■

. :

Serving RESTAURANTS - SCHOOLS INSTITUTIONS - HOSPITALS in

Central Wisconsin

BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE CO. 306 South Center Street Beaver Dam, Wisconsin

Penneys ALWAYS FIRST QUALITY

HOME & AUTO SUPPLIES NORGE APPLIANCES

ADMIRAL & PHILCO T-V & RADIO

THE THRIFT CORNER

107 Main Street

Watertown

At Second and Main

IN WATERTOWN

Compliments of

BADGER STATE BOTTLING CO.

MINAR

SUN-DROP COLA - DU. PEPPER

Office and School Supply

Watertown, Wisconsin

Watertown Savings and LOAN ASS'N.

WM. C. KRUEGER Has Specialized In ^KdccUUtce

"Since 1915"

Telephone 261-2094 3rd and Madison Streets

'MJawiMb

Watertown

WYLER - HAMILTON - BULOVA WATCHES KEEPSAKE DIAMONDS

103 W. Cady Street - Ph. 261-1750

111 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

Plumbing & Heating

Life insurance at my

! i ii

. You bet! As each year passes, your life insurance age advantage diminishes and your insurability becomes more uncertain. Guarantee your insurability., .while you still can. Nature’s attrition as well as military exposure makes some young people umnsurable, forces others to pay higher lifetime rates. Furthermore, your rate advantage, based on your present age, will never be better and eventually will vanish. Life insurance at your age is both a prudent necessity and a practical buy. Remember, no other life organization has so special a difference to offer you... LOWER NET COST life insurance protection.

; AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS • APPLETON, WISCONSIN I

Forrest E. Winters, FIC 320 McMillen St. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

Clarence R. Ferg, FIC P. 0. Box 322 Watertown, Wisconsin

■

* r-

•!

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[■:

■

the

BLACK and RED

CD %\bz Ws\wdxA .

<â&#x20AC;¢> **

m m

November, 1963

■

CONTENTS EDITORIAL..................................................

.................. L. S.

The Lightweight Bicycle ................

.William Besler

Jacques LeFevre ................................

Kirby Spevacek

Poem: Movement II of Hymn #1

John Trapp .....

Poem: The Monster Comes ..........

J. Braun...........

Cartoon ..............................................

A. W. P. K. , John Trapp ...

73 74 76 76 77 78 81 84

Two Trojans in Europe .................

.Ronald Semro .

The Iroquoian Wars........................

................... R. C.

Pole Tics............................................

....................D. G.

J. L.

Art and Aesthetics .......................... HOMECOMING.......................................... Leadership Amid Revolt ...............

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM ................. NEWS .........................................................

J. M.

ALUMNI NOTES .....................................

SPORTS........................................

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ... ................ „....... Editor Lynn Schroeder __ .......... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm .... .......... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart . Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck ... ............ ....... Alumni Karl Peterson .. ..... . Sports Fred Fedke ....... Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz __ __ ......... Business Manager Paul Kelm ........ ...... .... Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt __ .... Advertising Manager ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MAHER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

November 1963

No. 4

COVER BY FRED FEDKE PHOTOGRAPHS BY PAUL XANTE, GERALD GEIGER, AL R1PPE

fcdtijDhial THE UNPOPULAR CONSERVATIVE The excitement generated by the com can be elected unless he modifies his ing Presidential election has already be views. He has made statements about the gun to develop. Though there is almost Social Security system and the graduated a full year before election day, next year’s income tax that do not fit the trend of campaign has become the predominant our times. In this day the welfare state story in the news, and voters are being has become more a reality than a possibil continually exposed to comments about ity, and Goldwater seems to be bucking and statements by the leading candidates. the popular tide of liberalism. Radio, television, and newspapers seem to Some claim that they do see in Goldhave resolved to outdo each other in polit water a shift toward the center of the pol ical coverage, and, as a result, the Ameri itical spectrum. They feel that essentially can people should be better informed he is an ambitious politician and is re politically than ever before. shaping his policies to make himself more Reporters will be sure to stress the acceptable to a greater number of people. political philosophies of each candidate, Washington’s Walter Lippman says that and if the political winds continue to blow Goldwater “is along the road where he in the direction in which they are now will sound less and less like Goldwater blowing, the issue of ideologies will be and more and more like Eisenhower.” come an important oi < The Republican Whether or not Goldwater has actually party will probably nominate Senator begun to change, he has come to realize Goldwater, whose conservative views pre that the conservative politician in Wash sent a sharp contrast . President Ken ington is the exception, not the rule. nedy’s liberalism. If the Arizona Senator In religious circles, too, conservatism is the Republican candidate, voters will be confronted with a choice between real seems to be in the minority. More and more the trend is away from the heritage issues, not just two personalities. of the Lutheran Reformation. Liberalism During the past few decades conser has become popular. Modem scholarship vatism in politics has not been the popu has uprooted the firm convictions that have lar idea. Conservatism has not been able been the solid foundation of our Chris to rally much support. Too many people tianity, and in the religious world as in have identified conservatism with pre- the political too many feel that it is just World War I isolationism and other ideas not fashionable to continue in the conser that fit the eighteenth century but hardly vative point of view. belong in twentieth-century America. Con Generally speaking, religious leaders servatives have been hard pressed to find supporters, while the liberal point of view feel that the church has to modernize itself, to readapt itself to the contempor has achieved quite a popularity. ary world. In effect they agree with a Consider the case of Senator Taft in Catholic spokesman who recently made 1952. Though he was considered the lead the statement, “Theology needs not only ing candidate for the Republican nomin a restatement but a complete rethinking.” ation by many, he was tripped up by his Compromising our traditional beliefs beconservatism. Taft had a tremendous per cause it might seem more advantageous sonal popularity, yet he was passed by for popularity’s sake is not the answer. and the nomination went to General Eisen Expediency dare not be the guide for our hower instead. religious convictions. If Goldwater gets the Republican nom l. s. ination in 1964, there is doubt that he 72

THE LIGHTWEIGHT BICYCLE

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"T* he shiny new chrome covered deluxe • model bicycle that every boy dreams of seems like nothing less than the ulti mate at the time. For a novice cyclist, the choice has some merit. However, when a person decides to stay up on the two wheel er after his grade school years, he finds that there is a large number of bicycle styles that are far better suited than his somewhat tarnished “balloon-tire” model for specific or general purposes. A person who uses his bicycle for trans portation and infrequent tours will find the utility cycle is the best for him. The equip ment includes upright handlebars, stan dardized wheels and hand brakes, mud guards or fenders, and a chain guard. It is generally the only type of machine which has a saddle with coiled springs and rub ber pedals. The fact that it is inexpensive, rugged, and not too heavy (ca. 40 pounds) makes it a real bargain when comparing it with the heavily chromed “monstrosity” known as the “balloon-tire” bicycle. Bicycles used on the road, aside from the utility cycle, are usually equipped with derailleur gears and turned-down handle bars. There are three, four, or five sprock ets on a cylinder called a freewheel block. This is screwed onto the rear hub. Two or occasionally three chainwheels bolted to gether are fastened to the cranks. A mech anism near the sprockets and one close to the chainwheels shift the chain, producing various combinations. Three to fifteen speeds are possible. Unfortunately many novices are fascinated by the fifteen speed gears, and efficiency in this case can be likened to the efficiency when playing “chopsticks” on an eighty-eight key piano. Turned-down handlebars give equal weight distribution on three points: handlebars, pedals, and saddle. This provides the pro per balance for efficient cycling. Touring cycles are custom-built bicycles with the finest equipment for touring. Fre quently the term “touring cycle” is used for utility cycles which bear little resemblance to the deluxe touring machine. These ele gant machines have the seamless-steel tub ing, beautiful chrome trim, and excellent crank set of a racing cycle. The rest of the equipment is the finest that is designed for touring, including eight to fifteen speed

gears, which usually have “widely-spread” ratios. For cycling in a club, the sport cycle is generally used. It is built and equipped for riding long distances over every pos sible type of terrain. Ten speed derailleur gears are utilized as well as three or four speed hub gears for slower touring with more constant conditions. Hand brakes stop the bicycle. Lightweight steel rims and high pressure tires give durability with light weight. The tires are capable of carrying one hundred pounds of air pres sure. The sport cycle weighs approximate ly twenty-eight pounds. It is usually con structed of the finest seamless-steel tubing, the same tubing which is found in the road and track racing cycles. Two of the main differences between the sport cycle and the racing cycle are sprint rims and tubular tires. Sprint rims are made of special aluminum alloy, often wood-filled or with a ferr-ile system to pre vent the spoke from pulling through the rim. The seating for the n o is shallow be cause rim cement or shellac is used to fas ten the tire to the rim. The tire is tubular, its inner tube being sewed w ithin the outer casing. The surface which contacts the road is rubber, with or without tread. Fa bric, occasionally silk, is used for the walls of the tire. To inflate the lire, an adapter must be put on the French presto valve before an American pump will work it. Conditions under which the road rac ing cycle is utilized vary from smooth pavement to loose gravel and cobblestones. The terrain is equally variable, necessi tating the use of derailleur multiple gear ratios, usually ten. The tires are inflated to a pressure of from sixty to one hundred pounds and weigh from eight to fourteen ounces. The machine weighs from twentytwo to twenty-six pounds. Frame angles are the same as on the sport cycle or slight ly varied. An oval fork blade and thin ends give proper absorption, as on the sport cycle. The tapering of the small tubes or stays, and larger frame angles in comparison with the touring cycle achieve maximum lightness and stability, respectively. The machine is stopped by front and rear cable rim brakes, which operate on either the “center-pull” or “cal73

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iper” principle. Instantaneous, maximum acceleration is achieved by the track racing cycle. It is primarily for sprinting on banked board tracks, cement tracks or smooth pavement, either banked or flat. A single fixed gear, chosen before a racing event, operates like a tricycle without chain-drive, inas much as the pedals must rotate when the wheels are moving. There is no friction from variable gear or coasting mechan isms. Large flanged hubs are the rule rather than the exception, since rigidity is of utmost importance in obtaining the highest efficiency. The tires weigh four to ten ounces, carrying about one hundred and twenty-five pounds air pressure. The machine weighs from eighteen to twenty pounds. The frame angles are somewhat larger than those on other models, while the rake in the fork is less. Small tubes

or stays on the back of the bicycle are quite thick, and the fork is round to pre vent loss of thrust. No brakes are used. Counter-pedaling stops the machine, al though a few cyclists prefer to press a gloved hand on the tire. An important characteristic of the lightweight bicycle is durability. It is achieved by a lugged construction on most imported bicycles. Lugs or “joints” are used with molten brass to hold the tubes together. Whether the replacement for the tarnished “balloon-tire” model is a utility, touring, sport, road racing, or track racing cycle, a lugged construction is essential. WILLIAM W; BESLER, ’64 — for five years a racing cyclist of the Wolver ine Wheelmen and the Wolverine Sports Club and a member of the Amateur Bicycle League of America, currently the Coach and President of the Earl's 8. C., Detroit, Michigan.

JACQUES LEFEVRE Forerunner of the Reformation in France The Reformation 1many years * prior to 1517. Just s the Lord pre pared Israel for the coni lag of Christ, six teenth century Europe \vr?s prepared for the restoration of the Gospel, his was a dy namic era. Evangelical thought appeared in every corner of Europe. In England, Bo hemia and southern France men such as Wyclif, Hus and Waldo did much of the spade work for those to follow. The result in Bohemia, for example, was that Luther’s teachings for a time found ready accep tance. In France the Reformation was not so successful, although the Gallic Church was relatively independent as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. Despite anti-clerical ism and the desire for reform, Protestant ism never developed much beyond a po litical minority. No national reform move ment evolved. None the less, evangelical thought was present at an early date. Jacques LeFevre (Jacobus Faber) was one of the “pre-reformers” of France. We know him chiefly for his expression of the doctrine of justification by faith five years before Luther nailed his theses to the Schloszkirche at Wittenberg. Little more is known of LeFevre’s early life than that he was bom of a humble Norman family from Etaples, Picardy, in

1455. After his ordination into the priest hood, thirsting for greater knowledge, he enrolled at the Sorbonne in Paris. Although the priest was very proficient in mathema tics, astronomy and biblical literature, phi losophy (especially Plato, Aristotle, and the mystics) and the classics were his greatest love. It was this love that caused him to travel to Italy twice to drink from the “fountain of Humanism.” One of the ideas that he carried back from Italy, that the Church should return to the study of the original Greek and Hebrew, was to have a profound effect upon his life. On his return to the Sorbonne he took a professorship in mathematics. “Homun culus” (little man), as he called himself, was quiet, retiring, and pious, but without equal in mental ability. In fact Erasmus ranked him first among scholars. So great was his influence that many of the fore most intellects of France flocked to his side: the humanist Bude, Vatable the He brew scholar, and Calvin’s forerunner — Farel. Erasmus and the French humanist car ried on a correspondence but were not al ways in agreement. Erasmus criticized Le Fevre for putting too much emphasis on asceticism and mystical speculation, while LeFevre reproached the Dutchman for his 74

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irony and for devoting too much time to the classics. LeFevre was a devout and exemplary Catholic. Zealous, dutiful and devoted to the Virgin, he even wrote up a compilation of the lives of the saints found on the Church’s calendar. But this blind devo tion to the Roman Church gradually died. He felt that a change was at hand. As he told Farel “the world is going to be renewed and you will see it.” Guillame Briconnet, one of LeFevre’s pupils, became abbot of the Benedictine abbey of St. Germain des Preis near Paris and in 1507 invited his friends to join him. These devoted scholars realized the need for a purification of the Church and a few years later when Briconnet had been ap pointed bishop of Meaux and LeFevre again joined him, the. group was able to car ry out some reformatory measures. Preach ers were sent out among the common people, lax priests were disciplined, and the Scriptures were zealously studied. Because of the prodding of Farel and the bishop and his increasing interest in the Scriptures, the humanist had come to set his heathen philosophers and saints’ tales aside. Luther’s Liberty of a Christian Man and The Servile Will may also have had some influence on him. Luther’s writ ings were widely disseminated in France at this time and were the objects of “heated discussion” within the LeFevre circle. In the years of his association with the group at Meaux the Bible occupied most of LeFevre’s time. Although his know ledge of Greek and Hebrew was somewhat faulty, his work shows a marked advance in biblical exegesis. He rejected the alle gorical interpretation of the Middle Ages, using the grammatical method instead. In 1508 he completed a Latin commen tary on the Psalms. Four years later his Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul appeared. “Expect salvation only through faith in Christ, you cannot save yourself; Christ will save you,” he wrote. “The works of faith are the signs of a living faith which gives justification.” In this commentary LeFevre also maintained the real presence and the supreme authority of the Holy Scriptures. Unlike Luther’s works these writings were never widely disseminated, and thus LeFevre escaped condemnation for such “heretical” state ments.

Several French translations of the New Testament had been published prior to LeFevre’s day. His translation was a marked improvement, however, because he used the Greek in preparing it. When it appear ed in 1523, it was prefaced in this way: “The time has come when our Lord Jesus Christ desires His Gospel to be clearly preached by everyone so that men shall no longer be misled by other foolish additions or inventions or by any other human tra ditions.” When this translation was pub lished it met with a great deal of enthusi asm from the common people. In 1520 LeFevre left Meaux but it wan’t to be for long. The Sorbonne, on the edge because of Luther’s growing influ ence, accused LeFevre of heresy. An anonymous author had written, “Most of Meaux is infected with Luther’s false doc trine and that man called Fabry is the cause of it.” The Three Marys, the article in which the “learned doctors” of the Sor bonne found heresy, maintained that Mary Magdalene, Martha’s sistei, and the Mary whose sins were forgiven were three dis tinct persons. Tradition and the theolo gians said these three Marys were one and the same person. Because his protector. King Francis I, had been captured in the battle of Pavia, LeFevre had to return to the protection of Meaux. But the relentless inquisitors broke up the evangelical association here too. Briconnet himself gave in to the pressure of the hierarchy and renounced Luther and the activities of the Meaux group. Af ter the venerable scholar himself received summons to appear before the doctrinal committee in Paris, and one of his follow ers died at the stake, LeFevre, under the pseudonymn “Peregrinus,” and Farel fled to Strassburg. Little has been written about LeFevre’s activities in this eastern French City, which had become a center of anti-Romanism. Farel went completely over to the Protestant side but LeFevre, now an aging priest, withdrew from any activity which might break his last ties with the Roman Church. Even though his works had been condemned by the Sorbonne, he had not as yet been excommunicated. Perhaps with the hope that the French Church might still be reformed from the inside, LeFevre returned to his beloved Paris after Francis had been freed by the

Spanish. The tolerant nature of the king is shown by the fact that LeFevre was al lowed to serve as librarian and tutor at the royal castle. When his enemies drove him into exile for the third time in 1531, Marguerite, the queen of Navarre, offered him asylum at her court in the city of Nerac. The perse cuted old scholar passed the remaining years of his life there. When Calvin visited the city in 1533, LeFevre is reported to have said that in Calvin he saw the emis

sary of heaven. At the same time he cau tioned the newly converted reformer to be moderate in his course of action. During his last days the old scholar often regretted that he lacked the courage to obtain a martyr’s crown for the sake of the Gospel. And thus in 1536 he died in peace, firmly holding to what he had taught and written during his life, “The just shall live by faith.” KIRBY SPEVACEK, ’64

MOVEMENT II OF HYMN #1 Nature’s man is nature’s man. Human lust is human lust. In forty years the creature’s hand Stirs no new plot. That passive way Is carved in dust and transient clay. Resentment boils in the youth Who immaturely leaves his home And mindless substitutes for mirth The way of crime. That humble life Heaves no last breath but drowns in strife. Such is the nature of a man From birth to death — sin, every whit. Our two-edged knife cuts every plan That God has laid. Unguided now We fall before our golden cow. My God is One. My God is Three. Dogma tic is my hated state. My term is in eternity— This be my strength! What is descried In nature’s man? He hath but pride. — JOHN TRAPP

THE MONSTER COMES Stamp! Stamp! The fatal monster comes. Oh where shall I hide? Its sound is faint now but ever growing. Where? Where shall I hide? But where on Earth shall I hide? Minutes, hours, days fly by and still its sound is present. As days go by I’ve done all things well. But still no place to hide! With all this good the end still pursues me. Someone show me a place to hide! Quicker and quicker the sound of doom approaches. Oh help me! I need a place to hide! Louder and closer I hear the steps coming. Oh God! A place to hide! A low toned echo returns the cry — Oh God, a place to hide. — j. BRAUN, ’65 76

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ART AND AESTHETICS

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If anyone has paged one of the numer ous pictorial offerings of our modem press and there encountered a tableau of early Christian Church art — stiff, symbolic, ex pressionless, two-dimensional, and entirely ascetic — chances are he has turned the page unimpressed, hoping to find there a more engaging subject — the tantalizing expose of female charm done with an ar resting modem twist perhaps. In both instances there is art, that which the dictionary defines as “a creation of imagination and taste.” Yet both are soon forgotten: the early Church art be cause it fails to communicate or make con tact with the reader, and the latest pin-up because it satisfies instantly the very sen suous impulse which first made it appeal ing. Each leave the beholder with a feel ing of aesthetic emptiness. There is a third type of art which the magazine reader need not turn the page to find. Unlike the other two it passes by the mind’s eye on the mere strength of recollection. Mention the Parthenon or the Mona Lisa, refer to Michelangelo, quote Sophocles or Shakespeare and immediately the feeling is one not of aesthetic empti ness but of aethestic satiety. But why? Look closer! Early Church art is the only example of artistic achievement that the Western World raised from the rubble of GrecoRoman culture. It is purely religious, pay ing little attention to the persons, objects, or events of its time. The heroes are God, Christ and the Soul; their companions, an gels, saints, and sinners; its theme, the cross; its mysteries, Creation, Incarnation, Redemption, Crucifixion, and Salvation. The purpose is never to amuse, entertain or give pleasure, but always to bring the beholder into a closer union with God and the spiritual world. If it arouses the emo tions, it is because it likewise uplifts the soul. Since God and the spiritual world do not have material form and can not be perceived and depicted naturally, execu tion is symbolic. Since they do not change, style is static. Like the tableau it com municates in only one direction — upward.

In contrast place the art of modem day America of which the voluptuous female is the example. It moves, lives, and feeds upon everyday life. Natural man, natural events — such are its topics. Its person ages are fanners, laborers, housewives, politicians, scientists, and movie actors. Prostitutes, criminals, drunkards, the in sane, hypocrites, and other subsocial types are its heroes. Its aim is to afford a refined sensual enjoyment, to excite tired nerves, to relax, amuse, please, and entertain. For this reason it is sometimes passionate, al ways sensational, often pathetic, and in cessantly new. Divorcing itself from re ligion, morals and other values, it makes wide use of caricature, satire, farce, and ridicule. While it may be dynamic, it can also be changing and violent. Like the pretty glamour girl it succeeds only as it retains captivating superficial beauty. The true masterpiece of lasting value is intermediary. It is moored to the intan gible values of the spiritual world, yet rests on the positive values of the everyday world. It is blind to everything debasing, vulgar, ugly and negative. Its style is part allegory, part realtiy. Its emotional tone is serene, calm, and imperturable. Like a pure nun who for the first time notes the beauty of the flowers, trees, dew, and ca ressing wind on a spring morning, is a true lasting balance of tilings above and things below. Of the two contrasting art forms the former is “out of this world,” the latter “en tirely of this world.” As such they sidestep the truth of spiritual and empirical coex istence. Each elevates one to the exclu sion of the other. Each fails to realize that man “is in the world, yet not of the world.” The result is as obvious as any imbalance in nature. Distort something and destroy its inherent beauty. Tip the cup of artistic reality, let artistic truth spill, and you are left with aesthetic emptiness. Steady the cup, conserve the truth, portray God and man, heaven and earth, spirit and sub stance, known and unknown inseparately bound, and comprehend aesthetic satiety. j. l. 77

HOMECOMING 1963 Preparations for Northwestern’s main social event of the year began one to two weeks before the big day. During home coming week nearly every student was busy with some phase of the preparations, and studying was relegated to a secondrate position. Emotional pep and steam were to a large extent lacking in the student body this year. But the seriousness and con scientiousness with which the homecom ing preparations were attacked demonstra ted that a student body which is reserved in its emotions doesn’t necessarily lack school spirit, as some seemed to think. On Thursday afternoon the Frosh started gathering boxes for the homecom ing bonfire. They had an easy and perhaps somewhat dull time guarding their pile of boxes through the hours of Thursday night and Friday morning. The Watertown students, who traditionally try to light the bonfire while it is unguarded, failed to show up. The outdoor pep rally Friday night opened the homecoming festivities. Ros tra performed a football adaptation of

“Sleeping Beauty and the Seven Dwarfs.” The program was emceed by Howard Festerling and featured pep speeches by team captain Bob Bitter, Coach Umnus, and Coach Pieper. The main event of the evening was, of course, the announcement of the home coming queen. Unlike former years, the Junior class didn’t select any queen nom inees this year; the queen and her court were elected from among all the coeds by the student body. To the delight of most of the students, Miss Helen Schmidt was proclaimed queen and was crowned by Bob Bitter. Miss Schmidt’s court con sisted of Misses Pamela Baer, Kathleen Kuehl, Helen Scharf, and Julie Schultz. The crowning point of the evening was the lighting of the bonfire, an honor traditionally awarded to the homecoming queen. The huge pile of boxes burned for more than an hour under the super vision of the Watertown lire department. After the pep rally, students returned to working on their displays. Early Sat urday morning displays started to appear outside on the campus, seemingly from nowhere, and the many hours of work began to take shape. Before the 10:00 A. M. deadline all the displays were in order. The theme for the displays was fairy tales. At 10:00 the judges picked the winning displays. The judges this year were Pro fessor Baer, Mrs. Pieper, Professor and Mrs. Schroeder, and Pastor and Mrs. Waldemar Zarling of Benton Harbor, Michi gan. When the votes were tallied, the Junior display came out on top with 53 votes. Their theme was the Pied Piper, and their display consisted of a walled village out of which the Piper was leading a pack of red rats. The Senior display was a close second, receiving 47 votes. Their theme was The Three Little Pigs. A fat 7-foot wolf de picting a Eureka player was blowing on a sturdy brick house upon which the names of our football players had been printed. A smiling pig was in the win dow, and the words “They’ll never get their hands on that pigskin” were in the foreground. The Quarta class’s display took third place, receiving 34 votes. A 20-foot bean stalk topped off by a castle dominated their display. Their theme was, of course. Jack and the Beanstalk.

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The Sophomore class decorated the gymnasium for the N-Club luncheon. Sus pended from the ceiling at the center of the gym was a huge school seal about 15 feet in diameter which was made of black and white crepe paper stuffed into a chick en wire frame, Red, black, and gold crepe paper streamers, extending radially from the center, covered the rest of the ceiling. The Senior class was in charge of set ting up the tables and chairs in the gym and of decorating the tables. The tables were decorated with candy corn and field corn that had been donated by Watertown farmers. The main events of the day, however, took place on the football field. Although the Preps lost to Country Day, 27-7, the Trojans came back with a resounding 55-0 victory over Eureka. (See Sports sec tion for details.) After the football games, most of the Northwestern fans and alumni assembled in the gym for the homecoming banquet. The luncheon-banquet has grown bigger ever)' year. This year, again, a large group had to be turned away mainly because the gym was set for 750 but over 800 tickets had been sold. As Professor Sievert remarked, this also points up the fact that we need a bigger gym. The toastmaster for the evening was Pastor Philip Kuckhahn from Bark River, Michigan, of the class of 54. He played fullback for Northwestern and won letters each of his four years. He is a member of an exclusive group, a group that never experienced an NWC football defeat, having played on the undefeated teams of ’51-’54. Several of his jokes centered on Professor Kowalke, who took them with his usual good humor. The main speaker was Pastor Reul Schulz, class of ’55, from West Allis. Pas tor Schulz played quarterback and was also a four-year leHerman He gave what he termed a traditional homecoming speech, facetiously showing how football had helped him. But he closed his speech on a serious note, telling of his joys in the ministry. The banquet ended at about 8:00 p. m., and the only apparent signs of the day’s activities were the wrecked displays on the campus, which were cleaned up on Sunday with unusual efficiency. A. W. 80

LEADERSHIP AMID REVOLT

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a quiet day in December of 1955 ocVy curred the insignificant inception of a revolt whose consequence now shakes the political, social and moral foundation of our country and whose future presents an enigma which each American shudders to confront. The Negro revolt, founded on the basic American truths of liberty, equali ty, and brotherhood, began when Mrs. Rosa Parks of Montgomery, Alabama, calmly voiced her unprecedented refusal to re linquish her bus seat to a white man. Whenever a sit-in, a freedom ride, or mass march turns to mob violence, when ever a policeman’s club finds a black tar get, whenever another non-violent turns to militance, one fact becomes increasingly evident: the Negro revolt and its impa tient masses are surging past their leaders. The inadequacy of the leadership organiza tions to advance in policy and tactics with the needs and desires of their people has made this revolt “more than a revolt against the white world. It is also a revolt of the Negro masses against their own lead ership and goals.” i There are five major Negro leadership organizations for integration and one whose aim is a segragation so complete that it preaches rebirth of total black su premacy. These organizations, whose ages vary from 54 to 3 years, sometimes work together in, at best, uneasy alliance; but most often they strive not only for recog nized leadership, but also for the financial support which goes with it. N.A.A.C.P. — court action The oldest, best-known organization is the National Association for the Advance ment of Colored People. Founded in 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois, a brilliant Negro education leader, and several prominent Whites, its appeal has in the past been to the sophisticated, and its membership is largely white. With its setting in the North the N.A.A.C.P. worked the desegregation issue through the courts, finally achieving a major victory with the Supreme Court’s school desegregation decision in 1954. The chief goal of the young organization was the abolition of lynching, a Negro’s prime dread. Early leaders Walter White and Thurgood Marshall exploited the courts to the full and brought the organization to the top of the heap in 1950.

Today the N.A.A.C.P. is losing ground as the top Negro leadership organization. Dissension within and criticism without are corroding its foundation. It suffers be cause of its history and unwillingness to adjust to the times. The impression that it is for the upper-crust Negro and white sympathizer, however, is becoming more and more unfounded. Membership today is 80% Negro and of all classes. Because it lets local policy govern the individual case and lends support to other groups, it loses much of its favorable publicity. Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins claims; "The other organizations furnish the noise and get the publicity while the N.A.A.C.P. furnishes the manpower and pays the bills.”» Organizationally speaking, the N.A. A. C.P. is sound. Its size (400,000 members, 1200 chapters) and efficiency place it far above competition. Minor cogs such as “The Crisis,” its news medium, and Youth Organization, a progressive branch, are part of a rejuvenation program. A seldomrecognized facet of its organization is its actual division into two distinct bodies. The N.A.A.C.P. under Wilkins is the poli cy-making, publicity-getting half. The N.A. A.C.P. Legal Defense and Education Fund under Jack Greenberg is responsible for all court action and program financing. These groups work independently, but under the same name. The methods, goals and program of the N.A.A.C.P. are changing and adjusting. Passivism is going out; the techniques of freedom rides, sit-ins, and mass action are being adopted. The goals are broadening as the arsenal is growing. Job opportuni ty, education, housing, voting, and public accommodations are diversified aims for a group once devoted solely to court action. The five tenets of its program make the N.A.A.C.P. still the top dog: (1) lobby in Washington; (2)thorough research depart ment to support discrimination claims with fact; (3) lodging protest in high places; (4) school integration in the Deep South; (5) the N.A.A.C.P. stands ready to help any Negro or Negro organization that calls for help. Complaints of “too much politicking” are cryptic and obscure, but there are logi cal gripes that can concretely be registered and are being registered today. The N.A. 81

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odist clergyman, former N.A.A.C.P. pro gram director, now the head of the second largest integrationist body. Farmer claims, “The N.A.A.C.P. is the Justice Department, the Urban League is the State Department and we are the nonviolent marines.” 4 The program of CORE reflects its en ergetic principles. Authors of the freedom ride and sit-in, they add picketing to their repertory of direct mass action means. Training programs for non-violent protest participation enhance the position of the Congress. Although non-violence is the major plank in their platform, there is something in their manner that seems to bring on the night sticks and police dogs. A recent issue in Milwaukee involving the CORE and Mr. Fred Linz, an outspoken minor politician, gives evidence to the fact that the Congress has its nose in many a comer (and quite often has it bloodied). The response to the program is rewarding to Farmer though, for the people recognize a leadership close to their own goals. S.C.L.C. — one man’s action Founded on the theory that clergymen in various Southern cities were ready to as sume civil rights leadership in their com munities, the Southern Christian Leader ship Council came into being in 1956. Its more than 65 affiliate organizations are loosely held together. Success in the Mont gomery bus boycott was followed by total eclipse, but recently the Council became one of the hottest in the field with civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham. The sole reason for any success the Council may achieve is Rev. Martin Luther King. He has become the symbolic leader of the Negro revolt. But before submitting him for deification, we ought to analyze his attributes, for with him rests the rise and fall of a major segment of the move ment. King was moulded in the form of the disorganized Negro Baptist Church, which is not an atmosphere conducive to forming executives. Nor is Martin Luther King an intellectual; his seminary educa tion at Boston University was narrow. He is a natural-bom revolutionary and a tre mendous orator and leader of the masses. He is the foremost interpreter of the Ne gro’s “tiredness” in terms the masses un derstand and respond to. Because he is the foremost disciple of nonviolence, he has gained many Whites for his cause. The spell he weaves with his rhetoric may some

A.C.P. believes that the key issue in the racial crisis is school desegregation. This, however, doesn’t involve enough people, offers no relief for those who aren’t in school, is too slow to be a central issue, and ties up too many able minds and too much money. Then too, Wilkins and his local leaders must bring the N.A.A.C.P. to the people on their terms to regain their confidence and reenlist their support. Al though it has fallen, the N.A.A.C.P. leads the pack. Urban League — social action Action research is the term Whitney Young assigns to his organization’s meth ods. The Urban League, founded in 1910, works in the community for the Negro. The professional touch is apparent in the research and planning guidance offered by the League to the other groups. Its three million dollar budget is gained through philanthropic funds such as the Rockefel ler Foundation and from the United Fund and Community Chest. Urban League Job Centers are responsible for Negro worker training programs which major industry today is supporting. The progressive lead ership is supplied by Whitney Young, a man who knows and understands the soul of the Negro better than any of his con temporaries do. Jobs, housing, and economic welfare comprise the program for Urban League, yet statistics such as the Negro crime rate or slum and job conditions form the ma jor part of their concern. “We will certify the true facts about life in the Negro com munity and give them the proper interpre tation,”;, says Mr. Whitney Young. The re sponse has not come in proportion to the work being done, and charges of “Uncle Tomism” (extreme passivism) are not in frequent. The Urban League, however, does not and cannot attack segregation with the methods and militancy of other leadership organizations. The job it is do ing may some day be recognized as the important cog in the all-important habilitation program necessary for first class Ne gro citizenship. CORE — direct action The boldest, most imaginative group is the Congress Of Racial Equality. Al though it is twenty years old, offices are shabby and help underpaid. Nevertheless, enthusiasm is boundless, and much of it is generated by James Farmer, former Meth82

day soon fall to the tag “Uncle Tom”, and Rev. King will fade just as he appeared; but his is, perhaps, the greatest personal influence yet to come on the scene. S.C.L.C. concerns itself with four fields of attack. Voter registration and student liaison are lesser concentrations of energy. Nonviolent action in the form of freedom rides, sit-ins, and boycotts is their major weapon. Citizenship training, which in cludes scholasticism and nonviolent tech nique, is the principle on which the Coun cil’s hopes for longevity is based. Execu tive Director Rev. Wyatt T. Walker has capably held the Council together and plans for a bigger future, but undertones from the disgruntled can be heard. Meth odists resent the total Baptist leadership. Dissension plagues the chapter heads, and even King and Walker often are less than a united front. More organization and a quelling of religious qualms could make this the people’s choice. S.N.C.C. — brash action Reckless, unthinking and disorganized, Snick (as it is commonly, unflatteringly called) is the despair of leadership, the darling of the impatient. Founded by Southern Negro college students three years ago in a meeting called by Martin Luther King, the Student Nonviolent Co ordinating Committee has moved faster than its own administration. Two prede cessors in two years are reason enough for Chairman John Lewis, 23, to be look ing back over his shoulder. Student sit-ins were the foundation of the group, and to this they have added voter registration drives and freedom rides. Funds are received from Northern students and the other leadership organ izations. Success is counted in bruises, beatings, and jail terms. For progressive militance and raw courage S.N.C.C. has won admiration, but turmoil is the state of internal affairs. The Black Muslims — radical action From a Harlem street comer, from an embittered, powerful speaker, from the heart of a violently anti-white sect comes the cry “The white devil’s day is over.” The Black Muslims or Nation of Islam is fighing for leadership on an entirely differ ent basis, not integration but total segre gation, a black America to coexist with white in complete separation. Supremacy of the Negro is the vision of final con-

quest. Leading this array of ardent mil itants is Prophet Elijah Muhammad, 60, a former Negro Baptist minister; he has led Black Islam since shortly after its beginning in 1930. Chief exponent of Islam’s cryptic religion, master of mass psychology, is the dynamic administrator of the cult. Minister Malcolm X, 38, for mer armed robbery convict and Muslim’s most important convert. There may be as many as 100,000 Black Muslims in America, and they are strictly educated, trained and regimented. The mosque is the worship center, but the control extends beyond the religious as pect. The Fruit of Islam is the police force, rigorously trained, devoted to the protection of their women and children. F.O.I. is under the direction of Muham mad’s son-in-law, Raymond Sharrieff. The Muslim Girl Training and General Civil ization Class, under Muhammad’s daugh ter, Ethel Sharrieff, teaches cooking, sew ing and homemaking to Muslim wives. “Muhammad Speaks" is the biweekly news organ. Chicago even has its own Muslim school, Islam University Number 2, a state accredited elementary program. In keeping with their absolute isola tion, they call themselves a nation, don’t vote, and have their own stores and pub lic accommodations. Muslim dues are a staggering $8 per week. The women must wear ankle length white dresses and keep their heads covered; the uniforms cost $150 each. With his “Wake up, clean up, stand up” policy, Muhammad has injected morality so strict and effective that it is above criticism. Because they were ori ginally given by slave owners, all last names are replaced with X. Smoking, drinking, profanity, dancing, and even singing are taboo. The religious ideas are built around a black Allah with the basic tenets of traditional Islam. The paraphernalia is also traditional, with appropriate addi tions. The Muslim creed rejects happiness in heaven for reward on earth. Sermons alternately condemn the whites and extol the blacks. There are contorted impres sions of Christianity mingled with the Islam so that even Malcolm X finds it diffi cult to untangle and explain the esoteric intricacies and idiosyncracies of this reli gion. The Bible is taught as only symbol ism. For instance, there was no snake 83

in the Garden of Eden; the snake was, of course, a white man in black man’s para dise. The Negro by nature is divine. Black Muslims have withdrawn from the society that allows segregation in order to corroborate and perpetuate a segrega tion on the Negro’s terms, one which nei ther degrades nor discriminates. Malcolm X points to the incompatibility of white America and Black Islam when he says, “The black man has died under the flag. His women have been raped under it. He has been oppressed, starved and beaten under it — and still after what happened in Mississippi they’ll ask him to fight their enemies under it. I’ll do my fighting right here at home, where the enemy looks me in the eye every day of my life. I’m not talking against the flag. I’m talking about it!”-, The Black Muslims are extremists; but they are reaching the people with their approach to make the Negro proud he is a Negro. The future may prove them to be a dominant factor in our race crisis.

The Negro revolt is not a new issue nor will it be a short-lived one. Before goals are reached, before legislation is passed, before progress is made, the Negro movement will have to unite in purpose and resolve the differences between mil itants and “Uncle Toms”, the differences among the leadership organizations. The average American Negro today sees only confusion in leadership and confusion of the roles of the organizations. Too many are moving outside and not consulting leadership. With six groups striving for supremacy, overlapping in areas of con trol, wasting funds, time, and talent, the movement has suffered a loss of impetus. Time will tell; something has to give. p. K.

j Louis Lomax, The Negro Revolt, page 73. o Time, vol. 81, no. 26, June 28, 1963, page 16. Louis Lomax, The Negro Revolt, page 214, Time, vol. 81, no. 26, June 28, 1963, page 16. - Life, vol. 54, no. 22, May 31, 1963, page 31.

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TWO TROJANS IN EUROPE

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I | ow was your summer?” We, Vaughn ■ 1 Vogel and I, have often been asked this question since our return to North western this fall. How does one explain nine weeks in Europe? It was grand, completely worthwhile. Last spring we signed up for a summer course of language study abroad. Mich igan State University, as the American affiliate of the European Speech and Cul tural Centers, offered interested students a chance to learn Spanish, French, Italian, or German. The course of study was to last six weeks, with three weeks of free time for sightseeing afterwards. We chose to study German, naturally. We drove Vaughn’s Valiant to New York from where we flew by chartered plane non-stop to Zurich, Switzerland. The day we arrived was typical of Europe this summer, where the people suffered through an unusually cool and wet season. The rain fell intermittently as we bussed north towards Germany. We rolled into Cologne, Germany, on Sunday, July 10, at six o’clock in the evening. Since Cologne was to be our home for the six weeks of school, we spent the first week acquainting ourselves with our new surroundings. The most famous ornament of this old city is its medieval cathedral. The original “cologne,” 4711, was first made here from a secret formula. Today Cologne is a busy industrial and banking center with a population of 800,000. Wherever one goes in the modem cities of Germany today, one sees reconstruc tion or new construction on every street. Our school was located on the west bank of the Rhine in the southern part of the city. We attended classes Monday through Friday four hours a day, from 9:00 A. M. to 1:00 P. M. All of the Class es were conducted entirely in German. There were students from Italy, Switzer land, France, Belgium, England, Holland, Denmark, and Finland, as well as the forty-three Americans in the school. A typical class day would include dictation, grammar, grammatical practice, and con versation, or perhaps word-study, reading and phonics, history, and a lecture. After classes we hopped a trolley, the best means of transportation within the city, and rode to the university dining hall for a

twenty-five cent lunch. If we then did not return home, we would often stop in the “America Haus” to catch up on stateside news. The ride by trolley from school direct ly home took nearly an hour, with one transfer necessary. Our home was situated in an outlying suburb east of the Rhine. Some students lived in with well-to-do families, some in ninth floor tenements, and some, such as we, in boarding homes with two, three, or more fellow students. Our housemother was an elderly widow. In addition to the two of us she had as many as five other students in her home at one time. We had many interesting dis cussions with our housemates. They were: Herbert, a Frenchman from Switzerland; Stellina and Louisa from Italy; Gaerta was from Holland; and Daniele from France. All conversation was per force conducted in German. We all breakfasted together at 7:30 every morning and had dinner in the evening around 6:30. We studied, talked, read, or got together with friends for a party at night. Usually we were asleep by 11:00. On weekends we had tA*e opportunity to go along on school arranged tours of points of interest in the region. We toured a castle, the church in Aachen where Char lemagne was crowned, an industrial mu seum, an oil refinery, and even a wine cel lar. We spent three days in Berlin, August 15th to 17th. While we were in Berlin, we went on a bus tour of the city, attended a German stage performance of “My Fair Lady,” and, of course, crossed into the eastern sector. The most noticeable difference between West and East Berlin is the bustle of every day life, or lack of it, all determined by the presence of an ill constructed concrete, stone, and barbed wire wall. We left Ber lin at 9:00 Sunday morning, August 18, and were back home in Cologne by ten o’clock in the evening. On our trip to Ber lin we had been held back at the East Ger man border for three hours, but on our re turn we were fortunately allowed to pass through without undue delay. It was quite a thrill to leave East Germany and once again see the West German standard and Old Glory waving their greeting. The final week of school passed quick-

ly. We had our Abschied’s party on Thurs day night, August 22, and many of us left Cologne the next day. We overslept two hours that morning, arising after four hours’ sleep at 7:30. Luckily our traveling companions were also two hours late. We traveled the last three weeks with two fel lows from the University of Utah, Wally Provost and Kent Kunz. Kent bought a VW1500 and wanted someone to tour with him. We were to have use of the car for only 10 days, because on September 1 it had to be in Bremerhaven for shipment to the U. S. With a limited time schedule we de cided to see as much as possible, although we knew we could not visit long anywhere. In those ten days we went from Cologne, Germany, through Austria as far east as Vienna, south to Rome in Italy, then north through Switzerland, on back to Cologne, and up to Bremerhaven, on the North Seanearly 3,000 miles in all. We rented a VW 1200 to visit Copenhagen, Denmark for three days. Then we traveled by night train from Bremerhaven to Cologne and from Cologne to Zurich. We recuperated for three days in Zurich before boarding the plane to return to New o k, which we did on September 15. VY/e visited many beautiful and historic places on our tour. We saw a palace on the Chiemsee in southern Germany that was constructed by Ludwig II, in which there were eighteen different types of mar ble in one room, a 500 pound porcelain chandelier, a room with chandeliers re plete with 2,180 candles, and a never used bedroom where the gold overlay was of 225 karats. There was also the Hofbrauhaus in Munich, where one finds unsurpassable Gemutlichkeit. Austria with its friendly people and clean beauty was most enjoyable, a coun try we “must return to.” Words cannot tell the beauty of Austria, nor can words des cribe our disappointment with old Venice, which was to us a filthy eyesore. The wa ter in the canals was a murky black, the buildings run down because of years of

neglect, and when we walked through the fish market and saw and smelled the dead fish and live eels, we were ready to leave quickly. We beheld the glory that was Rome, visited Vatican City, some cata combs, old Rome and the Coliseum, and learned to speak Italian with our hands in two days. If it had not been for the sui cidal driving habits of the Italian people, we would have thoroughly enjoyed our selves. However, in view of the fact that if you drive in Italy, you are lucky if you come home, let us suggest that if you wish to visit Italy, do not drive yourself; take a cab, sit back, shut your eyes, and pray. We stopped to see the Leaning Tower of Pisa on our way out of Italy, and then passed through the Alps once more into Switzerland. Even though we picked a cloudy day to go over the mountains, we still had a taste of their grandeur. The road winds between jagged peaks, one hair pin curve after another, to a height of 7,100 feet and down again. There are snow caps and waterfalls on all sides. When we were finally on the Swiss side and able to stop for a rest, we looked back and asked ourselves, did we really come over that? We came into Zurich by train at 8:00 in the morning from Cologne, which we had left at midnight. We found a hotel room and went to bed very early for a change. The next day other students be gan drifting into town, and until we de parted for New York, we were busy swap ping tales of our adventures with our friends. The plane ride back was very different from the one across. New friends were gabbing and wandering back and forth in the aisles. A card game here, a song fest there — all were in high spirits. No one worried about getting to New York safely. The shoreline of New York came into view at 8:30 that night, and what a view it was! The sky was so clear that one could see for miles. We set down on the runway of Idlewild International Air port, and we were home. RONALD SEMRO, ’64

THE IROQUOIAN WARS AAodern historical criticism has greatly " ' * changed our concepts of wars and their causes. The new key word that rolls 86

back obscurity is “economics. Wars are fought to protect and further economic interests. This approach comes surprisingly

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close to simply applying an old but time less bit of absolute truth found in First Timothy, chapter six, verse ten. The pas sage reads: “For the love of money is the root of all evil.” To illustrate this approach by citing such wars as the World Wars, the Napole onic wars, or the Carthaginian wars would be to expound the obvious. But how about the wars of the Hurons and Iroquois, those northeastern American Indians that played such an important role in American his tory? The ensuing paragraphs are meant to show that even these wars were fought for the love of wampum. About the time that Columbus was bob bing up and down betweeen Spain and the West Indies, the Iroquoian peoples were also on the move, migrating from some where in the American Southwest to the eastern Great Lakes region. At Lakes Erie and Ontario they split. Those who settled to the south of Lake Ontario were the Onondagas, the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Collectively these tribes were known as the “Nation of Five,” the “People of the Long House,” or simply, the Iroquois. The Huron tribes — Hurons, Petuns, and Neutrals — settled the region north of Lakes Erie and Ontario and east of Lake Huron. To the south of both of these “nations” the Susquehannah, Tuscarora, and Cherokee established residence. During the first hundred years in their new home the Iroquoian tribes lived in the kind of suspension between war and peace that was common to the most North Ameri can Indians. Whatever war they had, be it with fellow Iroquoians or with the pre viously indigenous Algonquian tribes, was little more than “noble sport.” Private ad venturers indulged in it periodically, the results being a couple of mortal wounds, a death or two at the stake, and a territorial status quo. Along with the activities in war the practice of inter-tribal trade is important as background for viewing the future eco nomic wars. Lake Superior copper was found in Florida, red pipestone from Min nesota was being used in New York, In dians of Saskatchewan and Alberta were tipping their arrows with flint from On tario and men all over the East were light ing up pipes filled with Virginia tobacco. It was in these two areas of activity — first trade and then war — that the white man was to exert his greatest influence.

With Champlain’s arrival in 1608 a FrenchHuron trade alliance was effected. In 1614 the Dutch established their first trading post on the Hudson River, where they en gaged the Susquehannah, the Delawares, and the Mohicans in trade. At first the Iroquois were almost com pletely out of the picture. The mighty Hurons kept them from the French, while the Mohicans pushed them back from the Hud son River and the Dutch. In 1626 the Iroquois set out to change the situation. By doing so they launched a sixty-two year series of wars, all fought for the control of the fur trade. The first war was against the Mohi cans. It was successful for the Iroquois, who now became partners in trade with the Dutch. Both partners gained from the new union. From a total of some 6,000 furs in 1625, the Dutch inventory soared to something like 30,000 in 1633. The rea son for this increase was that the Iroquois were a “Nation of Five.” As a result, furs from far to the west of the Hudson River found their way into Dutch hands. As time went on, two developments took place. First of all, the line that di vided the trapping Indian from the trad ing Indians was moved westward. The fur supply of the eastern forests, never as plentiful as further west , was being ex hausted. The second development was the in creasing dependence of the iroquois on the white man’s goods, especially his iron tools. As metal replaced flint, the knowledge of the ancient craft of producing flint imple ments was soon lost. Meanwhile, to the north, the French and Hurons were collaborating on an even larger commercial system. YVith a mini mum of help from French traders (there were only 51 permanent French residents in New France in 1625), Huron traders were ranging through the lands of their brothers, the Petuns and the Neutrals, as well as the lands of th Ottowa, Chippewa, and Winnebago. To such an extent were the Hurons engaged in trade that, accord ing to a contemporary report, the summer population of their villages was made up of women, children, and old men; the ablebodied men, to a man, were out on the trails of trade. The Huron economic system included trading with the Petuns and Neutrals for food. This was made necessary by two 87

factors: (1) The Hurons lost interest in fanning and hunting as they became more and more involved in trade, and (2) the population of Huronia had risen to an amazing 30,000 souls by 1636, a figure not equaled by the white man in that region until 1906. With the primitive methods of agriculture and meager meat supplement of game, the production of a sufficient sup ply of food was impossible. In 1639, however, a disaster struck the Hurons in the form of a small-pox epidem ic. By 1640 their numbers had shrunk to a little over one third of the pre-plague count. Just one year later, in 1641, the Iro quois to the south finally depleted their fur supply. No fur meant no trade. No trade meant no more of the white man’s goods, and this was inconceivable. The result can be surmised. The Iroquois turned to the weakened Hurons for the acquisition of at least a part of their trade empire. And so the second great Iroquoian economic war was launched in 1642. It consisted of repeated Troquois at tacks in Huron territory, especially along the trade routes. The Hume trade suffered greatly. By 1645 both sides desired peace, and a truce was called. The po-ac that ensued included the French, the Ir quois, and the Hurons, as well as a few less important Algonquian tribes. The one significant pro vision of the treaty was a guarantee to the Iroquois that they were to be second mid dle-men in the Huron trade system. Though this is exactly what the Iro quois wanted, they did not stay off the war path very long. At the first opportunity the French and the Hurons were again do ing volume business to the exclusion of the Iroquois. The next summer found the Iroquois warriors once again harassing the Huron trade routes. The Hurons made an alliance with the Susquehannah, and the Iroquois found themselves surrounded. But the Iroquois quickly invaded the Neutrals and thereby cut off communications be-

tween the new allies, while at the same time they continued to devastate Huron trade. During the winter of 1648-49 the Iro quois, by a series of lightning attacks con nected by forced marches through bliz zards and bitter cold, completely destroyed the Huron nation. Their sudden attack sent frightened survivors fleeing either to neighboring tribes, where they soon lost their identity, or to Ahoendoe Island (la ter called Christian Island), where nearly all starved. The 500 skeletal survivors made their way to northern Quebec the following June, where their descendants still live, the sole bearers of the mighty Huron name. The next year the Petuns and Neutrals fell. Most of them fled into the territories of the Ottowa and Potawatomi, especially to the Potawatomii owned Washington Is land off the tip of the Door County penin sula of Wisconsin. One would think that the Iroquois now would finally have matters under control, and that they could carry on their newly inherited trade in peace. This was not the case. Three factors worked against them: (1) The French continued their policy of excluding the Dutch-allied Iroquois from as much trade as possible; (2) the displaced Petuns and Neutrals in cooperation with their landlords the Ottowa and Potawato mi were quick to pick up the pieces of the Huron empire and fit them together again for their own advantage; (3) the Iroquois did not have the manpower to enforce their claims on their new territory and its trade. So once again the Iroquois were back on the offensive. In 1654 they defeated the Erie. The Susquehannah fell in 1675, thanks to some unwitting assistance from the colonists of Maryland and Virginia. The year 1688 and an unsuccessful war against the Illinois Indians and La Salle mark the end of Iroquois aggression and, consequently, the end of the long series r. c. of Iroquoian economic wars.

POLE TICS This is your reporter, Yosemite Sam, writing to you from Missouri, as we begin the big trek west. There was a general camp pain as we set out in ’64. Every tru man in the camp was excited about the report from a certain welchman that gold

had been discovered near a birch grove in the Rockies. The difficulty lay in the fact that the land, which was dry and windy, barrily had enough water to make it pay. But he said that if you conserve actively the water, it’ll stretch further than you 88

can imagine. As we were travelling to this new fron tier, we met a jack-of-all-trades and his shifty eyed brother, Bert, who said that we would have to throw a lot of money down the drain before we could get things mov ing. We wondered if that would be lawford and ethecal. They assured us that we would hoffa dilly of a time. However, they warned us that an old byrd some times clouded the rosy picture. Not wanting to lose our shirts in free spending, we did not go with these boys.

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We met up with another fellar, and, al though the road would be rockier, we de cided to throw in with him. We had a very happy time. One day we met a hatter in the field and he told us that they had taken a scrant ton of good stuff out of the mine. “Nix on the whole bisiness,” we said, and with the rusktic setting of the sun, we rombled home, nie’er to return. So my good readers, learn to trust not in false dreams of gold nor in freespending-jacks, but to take the D. G. rocky, but happy way.

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Twas the first day of term one lovely Sep tember, A day that few students shall cease to re member. The profs were inspecting the incoming masses, Reviewing their courses, and checking their classes. Ching-Lou, a prof, was really quite mental Any ’semblance of course is just occidental “My course,” he began, “as you know, will comprise Mongolian Drama, its fall and its rise. And I promise there’ll be — kind old soul that I am No papers, no quizes, no hour exam. We shall meet in this room from two unto four.” And into his topic he started to soar. Two gentleman scholars at this closed their eyes. They wore baggy T shirts and faded Levis. “I believe,” whispered one, “we have struck a rich claim. If I don’t get a B, it’ll be a real shame!” And content they both lapsed into hearty snores, While the good man discoursed on Mongo lian shores. That evening the story was told all around That the course to end courses had finally been found. Next day Ching-Lou’s students sat packed on the floor And latecomers still did come through the door. And, if one looked, it was easy to see Students sacked out or shouting with glee.

At last came the day of final endeavor And gone was the fear that connection would sever. The archives were raided and put to good use, And some thought they could rely on their muse. But when students filed :• and read the exam A roaring was heard like the fall of a dam. For the question was, “Translate to fluent Mongolian. . And so came the end of the finest of courses. The moral of course is, “Don't bet on strange horses. » * * * * He who lives without folly is not so wise as he thinks. (La Rochefoucauld) A little nonsense now and then is relished by the wisest men. (Synonymous) So often we hear the phrases: reason over passion, control yourself, think be fore you act. In fact if you read Seneca you will find that the “only emblem of wisdom is the man without passion.” But is this actually the case? Indeed, to sup pose any person to be so is to unman him or to transform him. It is the next thing to making him a statue. What then is wisdom? Wisdom is no more than a readiness to do good and be serviceable. To whom does this belong? To the wise man who partly out of modes ty, partly out of faintheartedness proceeds resolutely in no attempt? To the Philoso pher who shall run to consult with his * — adapted from a work in College Humor 89

be no firm friendship, unless an allowance is made for each other’s faults. There’s nothing like a pleasant jest to put a man at ease. That, my readers, is the reason why the C & C, commonly known as the B & O, is in existence! Did you know that Homer was a here tic! For he writes in the Iliad, book 3, line 56, that the Trojans are deidemones, that is, fearful or timid. Do you think that we should still read him? Remember that kitchen they were go ing to install last year in the college dorm basement? The word has finally come out that there was too big a drain on the funds. A free translation usually turns out to be a sight! Some people wake up and find them selves famous. Here they wake up and find themselves late and hungry. Famous Last Words Well, 111 just take my chances today. Af ter all, he just hit... I’m sure the excuse committee will under stand when I tell them that... I was going to study. We have a test to morrow and.. . Other schools don’t have Saturday classes, why do. . . Ill use it just once. We have a hard day tomorrow. . . I would have checked out my car yester day, but. . . Believe It Or Not 1. A buddy of Howard Festerling, from Minnesota, sent a letter to him with this address on it: Howard Festerling, Mid west College, Waterville, Wise. It ac tually got here. 2. A certain company sent advertisements to the senior president proclaiming the values of buttermilk jugs and fraternity cups! 3. Some time ago I enlisted Matt Zehms as a “spy” for my gossip column. So guess what he did. He took a picture of me sleeping in the library. 4. In 1855 Watertown was the second largest city of Wisconsin. It had a popu lation of about 10,000. A lot of these were the so-called “Latin farmers” who came over from Germany because of the Prussian Democratic Revolution in 1849. Some of the most thriving businesses at that time were the mills, the breweries, and the brick factory.

books and pore over them in search for a solution? Or to the fool who leaps before he looks and thus ventures through the most hazardous situation while the other two are thinking about it? Let us examine these so-called wise men. Erasmus points out that Demosthe nes, a famous orator, threw down his arms when he came within sight of the enemy and lost that credit in camp which he had gained in the pulpit. Then there was the case of Isocrates who was so bashful and timid that although he taught rhetoric, he could never have confidence to speak in public! Foolishness is a greater part of our makeup than wisdom For instance, when a teacher discurses on a grave, solid, and rational subject, the students grow weary and even fall asleep. But if he uses funny gestures, tells pleasant stories, or jests, the student body will perk up their ears and be ever so devoutly attentive! Take a good look at your hard-working philosopher. By sedentary confinement to his books he impairs his health and ruins his constitution as if his veins were pump ed dry and his body renders d sapless. They become introverts and i!! ii posed to friend ships. And to what avail? So that in to day’s world of specialization they might learn more and more about less and less until they finally know e\ cry thing about nothing! Take your sage to a fcasi and he will mar the cheer by a morose silence or by conducting a quiz. Invite him to a ball and he will tell you how a cow dances. Engage him in a conversation and it will be a ques tion of the relativity of relativity as it re lates to Einstein. No, you can’t have a high time with a high brow. Folly gives a protecting cushion against our taxing and monotonous course of life. There are not just a few grievances and calamities which occur in our daily lives. For instance, just think how many conscience scruples may arise, how many unexpected disasters in test results may occur, what strange alterations one mo ment may produce on a grade, not to men tion the treachery of a tricky question or a forgetful mind. Folly makes friendships. When a room mate smells bad breath and still pretends to smell nothing, what is this but the height of folly. In short man is so prone to frailties and petty faults that there can 90

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them wished to miss. Symtoms began to show Forum Presentation o i i up early in the week preceding the game. The The Forum Society launched their new Seniors and Juniors at that time began posting season in fine style on October 31 with the pre- messages 0f encouragement in every imaginable sentation “I Hear America Singing.” Howard jace As the week progressed the tension Festerling was student director. mounted and finally culminated with the game Taking the audience as far back as the Qn Saturday. The field decorations were the early 1800's, a group made up of ten collegia contribution of the Sophomore class in making ates gave a guided tour through this country what was called a “seCond homecoming.” And of ours in folk songs. Featured were songs thafs exactly what lt was. The backs charged, from places such as the California gold fields, the line opened up hoies tjlc size Gf canyons, a lumbering camp in Minnesota, and a cotton and the Muskies were stopped dead. The fever plantation in the deep South. Carl Otto soloed broke. The cure, a Northwestern victory and on the number. “Streets of Laredo. The Girls a conference championship. (See Sports page.) Glee Club ottered their rendition or the Civil War ballad, “Cruel War,” featuring Gail Harold. LeRoy Martin and Erhard Opsahl Theatre-in-the-Round served as emcees. In a casual and colorful style On November 7 Northwestern was treat they set the scene and time for each folk song. ed to an unusual kind of the at rc presentation, It is to the program's credit that the school theater-in-the-round. This tyjv of production was introduced to a wade variety of songs pre- makes much greater demand, upon the actor viously unheard and given a new and differ* and lets the audience expend . a unique re ent entertainment experience. lationship with the actors. The drama presented, “A Reason To Die,” Lecture Series was written and directed by Errol Carlson. It The first lecture of the 1963-'64 Dorm concerned itself with the effects war can have Council lecture series wall be presented Satur- both on the participants and thnse back home, day, November 16. The speaker will be Rep- Eric Benedict (Ralph Martens), upon return' resentative Robert Haase of Marinette, the ing from the war, found that he had to face Wisconsin State Assembly Speaker. Mr. Haase wife (Deanne Abel), parents (Julie Schultz, is a Republican and has announced his candi- Errol Carlson), and his dead war buddy's wife dacy for the office of lieutenant-governor. (Renee Urban). But, hardest of all, he had to Filling out this year’s series will be a wide face and understand himself, range of speakers of interest to all, including an N. F. L. player. Though many of the pro Spanish Class grams are still tentative, we can be sure that, Todos estan bien, gracias To nearly all if the student participation is as strong as was last year, this series will prove to be most at- students on campus, this sentence is unintelli gible. There is, however, a small group of ap tractive. proximately twenty-five Juniors and Seniors who have been known to utter such syllables, Championship and then carry on as if they understood each Before many of the college students had re other. They are members of a conversational covered from their football injuries, varsity Spanish class sponsored by the Watertown Voand intramurals alike, there was a rash out- cational School. The class is divided into two break of what might be called a fever through- sections, each section meeting once a week at out the dorm. All seemed to have a strong era- the local High School. It had been suggested ving for Muskie. For the college football play- by the Synod's Board for World Missions that ers the feeling was nothing new; the Lakeland students be encouraged to study conversational game was something they had all looked for- Spanish. The benefits for future mission work ward to, and it was a hardly a game any of are obvious. 91

CUumni TLoIca CALLS Pastor H. Licit ten berg, '52, formerly of Re deemer Lutheran Church, Hastings, Nebras ka, accepted a call to Gethscmane Lutheran Church, Omaha, Nebraska. He was installed by Pastor H. Fritze, ’30, on September 22, 1963. The Reverend Karl Plocher, ’17, who had serv ed at St. John Lutheran Church, Glencoe, Minnesota, was installed at St. John Luther an Church, Brewster, Nebraska, on July 21, 1963. Pastor Gordon A. Fuerslenau, ’'13, has accepted as his new charge Trinity Lutheran Church, Johnson, Minensota. Having left Grace Luth eran Church, Oronoco, Minnesota, he was in stalled here on October 20, 1963. Pastor Karl FI. Neumann,’-11, formerly of Christ Lutheran Church, Cochrane, Wisconsin, re ceived his two new charges, Redeemer Luth eran Church, St. Croix Falls, and St. John Lutheran Church, Conturia, Wisconsin, on November 3, 1963. Warren Widman, ’59. ordained and instal led as the pastor of Grace Lutheran, Zillah, Washington, on Am i. ' 26, 1963. DEDICATIONS On August 25, 196;). f - i Alvin Werre, ’55, and his congregation, St. Paul Lutheran Church, were privileged to dedicate a new house of worship at Bateslancl, South Dakota.

During the past summer Pastor G. Free, ’52, celebrated with his congregation the dedica tion of a new school and the eightieth anni versary of their church, Immanuel Lutheran, at Hadar, Nebraska. The speakers for the oc casion were Professor Oscar Siegler, ’37, and Pastor Herbert Resting, ’33. Immanuel Lutheran Church, Hutchinson, Min nesota, dedicated a new school addition on November 10, 1963. Pastor Norman E. Sauer, ’39, serves the congregation. Immanuel Lutheran Church, Waupaca, Wiscon sin, recently celebrated a new addition to their church on November 10, 1963. Pastor A. J. Engel, ’25, has charge of the congrega tion. MISCELLANEOUS Pastor John G. Bracltl^e, ’36, and his congregagation, St. Paul Lutheran Church, Arlington, Minnesota, have offered a drive-in service in us expanded parking lot to invalids in cars or to tourists dressed in casual clothes. Pri vate listening devices are fastened to posts at the curb. DEATH Professor Dr. Rudolf Herbert Ernst, ’04, who served on the faculty of the University of Oregon in the English department for over 28 years, died on October 17, 1963, at the age of 78. He had served for a time as a profes sor here at Northwestern.

i ;

SpOJuCA In the third quarter, after Trojan tackle Andy Domson had recovered one of Milton’s fumbles in Wildcat territory, halfback Bob Bitter scored his second touchdown of the afternoon to put the Trojans in front 21-6. Midway through the period Milton came back to score, but their tally was off set by freshman halfback Marty Schwartz’s 6 yard scamper late in the same quarter. In the final quarter each team scored once again. Reserve end, Phil Zarling, scooped up a Wildcat fumble on Milton’s 5 yard line and scampered into the end zone for the Trojans’ score. On the last play of the game the Wildcats connected on an 11 yard pass to make the final score

Northwestern Clouts Milton, 35-19 The Northwestern Trojans romped over the Milton Wildcats by a score of 35-19 on Saturday, October 12th, for their first Gate way Conference victory of the young sea son. N.W.C. took the opening kick off and marched straight downfield to score. Quar terback Lynn Schroeder plunged over for the tally from 1 yard out. Ralph Scharf added the first of his five consecutive con versions as the Black and Red went out ahead, 7-0. In the second period the teams traded touchdowns and the first half end ed with Northwestern leading 14-6. 92

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35-19. Halfback Dave Toepel led the Tro jans with 118 yards in 16 carries for a 7.3 average. Trojans Bury Eureka, 55-0 N.W.C. moved into a second place con ference tie as they walloped Eureka Col lege 55-0 in October 19th’s homecoming game. On the Trojans second play from scrim mage captain Bob Bitter galloped 54 yards for the first of N.W.C.’s eight touchdowns. Late in the first period Toepel stomped 42 yards to put the Black and Red ahead 14-0. In the second quarter Schwartz scored twice on runs of 28 and 30 yards as the score mounted to 27-0. Ron Hahm took the opening kick off of the 2nd half and brought the crowd to their feet as he raced 90 yards for yet another score. A few minutes later he scored again on a 14 yard pass from quar terback Schroeder. Fullback Erhard Opsahl’s 38 yard romp and freshman half back Fritz Hackbarth's 19 yarder finished the parade of touchdowns.

which accumulated a total of 466 yards. Schwartz gained 182 yards in 22 carries, scored twice, threw a touchdown pass, and intercepted a pass on defense. Toepel, Northwestern’s own Jim Taylor, ground

out 154 yards in 22 carries, threw a key pass and excelled on defense also. The Trojan defense held Lakeland’s highscoring offense to 147 total yards. The Muskies could gamer only 11 yards rushing in the whole second half. Bethel Spills Trojans, 40-14 The Trojans scored first after marching The Royals of Bethel College slapped 64 yards in 11 plays. Schwartz’s 9 yard the Black and Red with a 40-14 non-con run climaxed the drive. The point after ference setback on October 26th at muddy failed, but at the end of the first period N.W.C. led 6-0. Midway Stadium in St Paul. The Muskies came back early in the The first three quarters were played on almost even terms. Each team scored twice second quarter on a 12 yard run by Mor in the first half, but the Royals missed an rissey. He also kicked the point after. The extra point so that the Trojans were ahead teams exchanged pass interceptions be 14-13 at halftime. N.W.C.s scores came fore the first half ended with Lakeland still on a 6 yard run by Schwartz and 13 yard leading 7-6. The Trojans took the second half kick pass from Hahm to Phil Zarling. Midway through the third period the off and drove 63 yards in only 6 plays to Royals recovered a Trojan fumble deep in come from behind and take a 13-7 lead. A Northwestern territory and turned it into 26 yard run by Schwartz highlighted the a score. This was the turning point in the drive and Toepel’s 13 yard ramble added game as the Trojans bogged down and the the score. Midway through the quarter, Royals went on to score 3 more times be safety Ron Hahm picked off a Lakeland pass on his own 43 yard line, from where fore the game ended. the Trojans drove for another TD. Toepel again scored, this time on an 8 yard romp. Trojans Rout Lakeland, 33-13 Late in the third period after a Trojan Win Conference Title fumble on their own 22 yard line, the Mus Coach Len Umnus’ gridders climaxed kies got their second touchdown. An 18 their home season by defeating Lakeland yard pass from Zipperer to Falduto brought College on November 2nd and by so doing the Muskies to within one touchdown of won the Gateway Conference champion the lead. Several plays after taking the ship, Northwestern’s first title since 1955. ensuing kick off, Schwartz broke through Halfbacks Marty Schwartz and Dave the line and sprinted 69 yards to put the Toepel spearheaded the Trojan offense, game on ice for the Trojans. Northwestern 94

added another score midway through the period as Schwartz passed 4 yards to Lynn Schroeder. The overjoyed Trojans left the field 33-13 victors and conference cham pions. Lakeland was fortunate that the game wasn’t even more of a rout as two fumbles stopped Trojan drives. The varsity’s of fense moved so well that they never found it necessary to punt. On the other hand, the Muskies’ all time leading rusher, Char ley Morrissey, was held to only 39 yards in 10 carries. Coach Umnus didn’t say much after the game, but the smile on his face ex pressed his feelings well enough. Juniors Capture Intramural Title The Junior class compiled a 5 win, 1 loss record and outscored their opponents 91-12 to win the 1963 intramural football championship. The title was not decided

until with 2 minutes remaining in the jun ior-senior title game, Lindholm hit Hallemeyer with a 20 yard pass to give the jun iors the title. Halfback Mark Hallemeyer led all scorers with a total of 37 points. Quarterback Ollie Lindholm threw eleven touchdown passes to lead in that depart ment. The sophomores ended in second place, followed by the seniors and the frosh.

BOB TESCH, Repr.

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the

BLACK and RED w

i I

DECEMBER 1963

CONTENTS EDITORIAL........................................................... President Kennedy — the World’s Ideal Poem: On the Death of a President ... Ideals and Actions .................................... Poem: Our President is Gone ..............

R. C. John Ibisch .John Trapp .Leon Todd . .G. Lemke .. John Trapp

Cartoon ........................................................ Dr. Ott Paper: Chaucer and the Church ..Amo Wolfgramm John Trapp Cartoon J. Lawrenz . Poems: Nee Zoe .John Braun Black and White

J. M. The Greatest Wonder ............................... Yule-Bucking................................................. .D. Rutchow The Symbolism in Our Chapel Windows ................. L. S. . The Last Search.......................................... .Marvin Ahlborn The Play’s the Thing ................................. .Ralph Martens ... Solved 1 Three Problems of Antiquity ... .................. A. W. Poem: Proem ............................................... .John Trapp P. K. An Open Letter to the College Man .......

J. M.

NEWS ...................................... CAMPUS and CLASSROOM ALUMNI NOTES .................. SPORTS

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF .................... Editor Robert Christman Lynn Sdiroeder .... ... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm ..... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart...... ------------- Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck...... .................. ....—.............Alumni Karl Peterson ... .... --------- --- --------------- ---Sports Fred Fedke ............ ............... ....... ... ....... ............ Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz .... ............. Business Manager Paul Kelm .......... ........ Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt ........ Advertising Manager

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ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MAHER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

December 1963

COVER BY FRED FEDKE PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL KANTE

No. 5

96 97 98 99 100 100 101 106 107 107 108 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 114 116 118 118

fcdiioAJLcd This flight to God was in many instan ces most saddening, however. The know ledge of the simple truths so evident in Scripture and so well known in our circles even by the little children was woefully absent. Intelligent men floundered pitiful ly in their attempts to extract the desired comfort from a vague Source that their equally vague faith told them was out there somewhere. Yet, there was reason to hope that some religious good could result, for the Word of God, in the form of Scripture readings, requiem masses, sermons, ora torios, and prayers was reaching the ears of many who in normal times would never have come into contact with it. Even the televised funeral mass on Monday morn ing, a ceremony steeped in error and di abolical practice, did, through the words of the English translator and commentator spread some beautiful Gospel truths throughout an attentive world. It was the role of the Christian in this tragic time to beseech our Father in heav en to grant to those seeking comfort the only true Comfort, our Lord Jesus Christ. It is our love for our fellow men that should keep the desire for their salvation uppermost in our minds, hearts, and pray ers at all times. The initial source as well as the stren gthening source of this love is found in the Christmas story, the story of God’s love for a diametrically opposed world. It is the story of Perfection loving those steeped in sin. Surely this should move us, who are the objects of this gracious love, to an increasingly successful emulation of that love toward our unregenerate fellow men and a renewed effort to be instrumen tal in their salvation. r. c.

The tragic death of our President on I November 22 was probably the most universally shocking event in the history of the world. Never before did so many millions of people find themselves thrown so suddenly into such profound grief. The officialdom and citizenry of the United States, as well as Canada, Germany, Eng land, Sweden, Italy, and many other coun tries shared in the deep emotional crisis. People in London, for example, wept on the street corners; in Berlin, memorial candles were in the windows of nearly ev ery home. The reason for this .dmost universal grief is fourfold. First of all, John Kenne dy’s character and perso nalily showed the courage, resolve, humor id tastefulness that are universally admired. Secondly, his end was so sudden and violent. Third ly, his bereaving family was so well loved; and fourthly, the miracles of modern com munication brought all of this — the Presi dent himself, his family and his tragic end — into the hearts and lives of nearly everyone. Hardly a day would go by that one would turn on a radio, pick up a paper or thumb through a magazine and there by come into contact with the voices and images of the President and his model family. Likewise, hardly a minute went by after the fatal shot was fired before radios and television sets were bringing the terrible news into every home. One of the most thought-provoking as pects of the event for us Christians was the mass turning to God for comfort and guidance. It was probably the utter futili ty of ordinary actions and words that turn ed the hearts and voices of the religious, the semi-religious, and, no doubt, many of the irreligious to a Supreme Being, who alone could view the tragedy from above. 96

PRESIDENT KENNEDY - THE WORLD'S IDEAL W7ho was the President? What kind of ” man could bring sorrow to the nation and the world and could elicit praise and eulogies from friend and foe alike? He was a generous man, giving of his time and himself, receptive to all de mands. He had realized a boyhood ambi tion and had crowned his life with our country’s highest office. His way had been lighted by his deeds, deeds which ever pointed toward higher goals. He was welleducated, and he continued to use his knowledge to increase his learning and understanding. In spite of his learning he did not lose sight of the importance of the Church. His life was a moral example for the nation. Though his office was filled with diffi culties and problems, he overcame them to triumph and profit by each trial. Such in cidents as those arising over Cuba proved him and built his character. The pictures and scenes opened to his eyes by his po sition served to make him more tender and feeling toward his fellow man. Pride in ability or position never manifested itself in a man who was truly gracious. Yet he was sure of his abilities. He re lied on his reason coupled with the expert advice of his cabinet to make important decisions. By these decisions he constant ly labored to promote peace and the wel fare of all men in a capital which is peri odically stirred by the news of bribery, use of influence for self-betterment, and other scandal. His virtue was outstanding when placed before the more sordid affairs of Washington. His rise through the political ranks was a success story, a dream come true, but it was completely open. He was honest above all. He always kept his ideals before him. He recognized his responsibility and never swerved from what he considered best for the nation to gain either more wealth for himself or greater worldly es teem. Because he did not seek such glory this world showered him with honors. Ev en more expressive of its esteem was the sorrow of the world’s nations and peoples at his death. In life he had been a steady ing influence, a rock, a guide to which the American people and the world turned and

on whom they depended to steer a straight course through the eddying political and social currents of our time. He had en joyed this responsibility, this challenge of striving to cope with our racial, labor, fi nancial, and international problems. Thru the tensions of the last three years he kept the words of our constitution before him as his guide. He acted in accordance with the laws of the land. Because of his abili ty, the rules by which he guided his life, and the serious, intelligent men he con ferred with and was advised by, he al ways stood ready to meet, and met as best man could, every sudden crisis which loom ed before our nation. He had even pre pared for the act which took him from his office, by leaving us with the best-trained and best-informed vice-president the na tion has had. While his office concerned him with the storm and violence of the political world, his heart was always close to his family. The public could not help but see his affection for wife, daughter, and "JohnJohn.” It was not a ruse of the scheming politician, but the spontaneous action of a devoted husband and father. His love for his family served to strengthen his efforts to perform his duty and preserve peace for both his family and his people. In the years of his public service all his actions were aimed toward the ad vancement of the highest ideals. Neither the dangers of his position nor his deep love for his family deterred him from per forming the acts which he considered nec essary. Though his manner of saying, “We must move forward,” was made the butt of comedians’ jokes, these words typified his burning desire for the nation and the world always to strive for higher goals and never to rest on past laurels. As he en couraged us to do, so did he, heedless of fame or misfortune, take comfort in his cause. Yes, he drew his last breath in “con fidence of heaven’s applause.” He was that “Happy Warrior. . .that every man in arms should wish to be.” Why do we close our eulogy with quo tations from William Wordsworth’s poem, “Character of the Happy Warrior?” Be cause Wordsworth wrote President Kenne-

dy’s eulogy in this poem one hunderd and fifty years ago. Even before Wordsworth this eulogy had been written. It has al ways been known because President Kenne dy was the embodiement of the character istics men have ascribed to the image of the ideal man. Through the centuries of changing living and social standards, in spite of political philosophies, mankind has been bound together by a common re spect for the basic qualities of the ideal man, and each responsible man has sought

to display these characteristics of decency and uprightness in his society. The Presi dent’s tragic assassination, at least mo mentarily, made the world realize that, if not bound together by common ideologies, mankind still has a common bond in its respect for the ideal man and the qualities he possesses. President Kennedy’s char acter made him that man whom even to day “every man. . .should wish to be.” JOHN ibish, ’66

ON THE DEATH OF A PRESIDENT Tonight it is raining, But a deluge could never Dampen the stain Which has reddened our land And our liberty. Young patriots, notice That death is real. Our nation has suffered a loss And disgrace at the hand of An impious fool. A man of great potential Has passed, And in his passing We sense a deep sorrow. Three shots from a traitor’s gun Wounded our freedom And severed the pride Of a land well-respected. The President died For his people, The master he faithfully served. Our President died, But long live the word That he cherished, The land he held dear, Inherited freedom, Each patriot’s tear. For without that emotion And sensible drive To strengthen our morals And fasten the bond of love For our fellows, No land can survive. My thoughts are unsteady; The nation, bewildered — A grief-stricken people. Need endless disgrace Darken our pages And plague our proud race? Patriots, take heed! — JOHN TRAPP, ’66

(lines written on the evening of Nov. 22)

IDEALS AND ACTIONS

: I • i

YV7 hat a price we pay for this fanati™ cism!” It was Chief Justice Earl Warren in the Rotunda of the Capitol where the body of the late John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States of America, lay in repose, who ex pressed these words as he sought to ex tract some lesson, some guidance, some truth from the tragic event of President Kennedy’s assassination for a perplexed and bewildered nation. From here Justice Warren went on to speak of the cancer of fanaticism which has filled the Amer ican bloodstream and become overt in violence and gone unchecked by the nor mal pressures of a civilized society and the rule of justice. These words should be deeply considered by all Americans while our minds have been affixed to the tragic episode of President Kennedy’s demise. Likewise in his initial address the new President, Lyndon Baines Johnson, exhort ed a joint session of the 88th Congress and all Americans “to put an end to the teach ings and preaching of hate and evil and violence... to turn away from the fanatics of the far left and far right, from the apostles of bitterness and bigotry, from those defiant of law, and those who pour venom into our nation’s bloodstream.” America should seriously be taking a long healthy look in the mirror of the recent tragedy and listen to these words which crystalize in the reflection of that tragic episode. Editorials all over the nation and even around the world in re trospect have eulogized the late President Kennedy and epitomized the recent se quence of disastrous events surrounding the President’s death while seeking to dis til some element of truth which lies in this momentous event. As their stories unfold, they tell America what it already knows; That there is a relaxation of the ultimate respect for law, order and justice among some, but even more that there is a lack of active indignation by the majority at fanaticism which results in some form of overt violence until it ad versely affects the nation at large. The hand-writing was on the wall, for intolerance was too overt. This same

intolerance lead to atrocities in the recent past, to which the newspapers bear wit ness, which were committed at the ex pense of law and justice and which adjure us, as decent law abiding citizens, who have not acted with proper resentment and wrath pursuant to law and have accepted these malignant events, not per haps with complete apathy and compla cency, but not either as responsible men of a democracy who are truly intent on the ultimate aims and goals of this coun try. Too often Americans have resigned their responsibilities of law and order and burdened the shoulders of law enforce ment agencies with a lack of indignation and want of a proper response. Our na tional shame lies in the fact that through our apathy, through our neglect, through our passivity we have permitted a can cerous and heinous hatred to pervade our nation. We have looked indifferently while we saw it growing in others. This event exhorts us as a nation to look to the law and encourage a proper respect for it in others, particularly those who are weak and tend toward overt fanatic violence. Then with a positive attitude we will not encourage those who have a tendency to succumb to barbarous violence, and we will less likely be forced to suffer the consequences of fanaticism as we have here. We cannot directly blame ourselves for murder in this event; that responsi bility belongs to Oswald alone. But we can censure and attempt to correct the weak and passive segments of our society which set the stage for fanatic violence of this nature and do everything in our power to present a wholesome atmosphere which will not encourage, allow or permit such overt violence. In the closing words of his statement Justice Warren delineated for this nation what he considered the true picture of the proper attitude of every American. In that moment of meditation and reverie he voic ed, “If we really love this country; if we truly love justice and mercy; if we fervent ly want to make this nation better for those who are to follow us, we can at least ab jure the hatred which consumes people,

the false accusations that divide us; the bitterness that begets violence.” How much do these words mean to us as Americans? The real answer lies in a statement from the late John F. Kennedy’s presidential proclamation for Thanksgiving where he wrote, “As we express our gratitude we must never forget that the highest appreci ation is not to utter words but to live by them.” LEON TODD, ’64

OUR PRESIDENT IS GONE Our President is gone His spirit moved a natic None can recompense .vrong. The cry of indignation Is a plea — A fervid supplication That this night of fear may dawn On a mom of exaltation When a braver generation Will reform our wayward nation. — G. LEMKE

Amo Wolfgrcimm has been awarded the 250 dollar Dr. Ott award for the following paper.

CHAUCER AND THE CHURCH The period from 1077, when Emperor • Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow before Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, to 1517, when Luther posted his 95 Theses and the papacy no longer wielded absolute authority over the world’s Christians, marked a long, gradual decline in the power of the Church of Rome. Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) lived in this period of decline and was a middle-aged man when the Great Papal Schism began. He was a contemporary of the Reformation fore runner John Wyclif. In his writings, especially his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer pre sents a living picture of life in the latter part of the fourteenth century and of the Church of that period. It will be the pur pose of this paper to take a look at the Church of that day through the eyes of Chaucer, to embellish that with informa tion gleaned from contemporary docu ments, and to show how Chaucer too can be considered a figure in the Reformation. One of the reasons Chaucer’s works are still popular today is that Chaucer was a man who liked and understood the Eng lish men and women about him. He liked to hear them talk, to know how they amused themselves, what they thought, and how they dressed. He was “a delightful companion to spend the day with.”! In the Canterbury Tales he describes the people of his time. He does this not as a photo grapher, giving all the details, but as a poet, seeing them not only with his eyes but also with his imagination. Although

the types of people Chaucer described were characterized, they were never unfairly caricatured. Therefore the Canterbury Tales can be considered a primary source, i.e., they give first-hand, trustworthy inmation. The fact that the Church of Chaucer’s day was an important institution is ap parent at the outset. Of some thirty-one pilgrims going to Canterbury, one out of every three is in some way connected with the Church. The Church and clergy are also a popular subject -n the tales them selves. Even some of the tales of the lay men (cf. the Shipman deal with the Church. Chaucer emphasized religion as much as a modern movie emphasizes ro mance. “If Chaucer were to write his tales now. . .how differently the company would be composed: One person in religion, five in learned professions with their wives, fifteen young unmarried women and the rest yonge squiers.”2 It is not strange that Chaucer should give the Church a dominant role. The parish church was the social center, and the life of every layman was governed by the Church from his baptism to the day he received extreme unction. All that mat tered in this brief sojourn on earth was obtaining holiness to enter into Paradise. It is probable that a priest even taught Chaucer to read.

CORRUPTION AMONG THE CLERGY In Chaucer’s day service to the Church had become a popular profession. Many people left home and joined monasteries ,. Tudor Jenks, In the Days of Chaucer, In and nunneries. Not only was there a big troduction by Hamilton Wright Mabie (New York: A. S. Barnes & Company, 1904), p. 2. John Masefield, Chaucer (Cambridge: at the VIII. University Press, 1931), p. 32. 101

barrier between clergy and laymen, but the Church itself had many classes of clergy. There were monks, friars, parsons, pardoners, summoners, priests, abbots, and deacons. Each type was clearly and sharply defined to the people of Chaucer’s day. They were to be found everywhere — in the streets, churches, shops, roads, and fields. If the Church had been in a healthy state, it could have used this army of churchmen for a noble good; but during Chaucer’s life the English Church was weak and corrupt. The Prologue and the tales show that the clergy were held in low esteem by the people and were abusing their powers in every conceivable way. Satire is always popular, and so it is natural that stories told to please hoi polloi would dwell on the shortcomings of churchmen and laymen. But the frequency of references to clerical abuses is so great that one must admit that Wyclif had good grounds for trying to reform the Church “Certainly, if we are to take Chaucer’s portrayals as just, we shall do little injustice by the conclu sion that the wandering, thievish, scound relly churchmen of that (iav were like a swarm of vermin.”;, As has been pointed out. the most ac tive cause of the decline of the Church in the eyes of the people was the conduct of the representatives of the Church them selves. The Black Death of .1348-1349 had killed off large numbers of people. Those faithful clergymen who continued to serve their poor parishioners during the plague had an excellent chance of contracting the disease. As a result, many of England’s most devoted clergymen had fallen victim to the plague. Parish priests were at a premium and many of them began to de mand higher pay. Moreover, it has been estimated that one third of the archdeacons at this time were foreigners.Italians and other foreig ners, including men who could barely stumble through the liturgy, also composed a large percentage of the parish priests. Naturally they didn’t give the care to their flocks that native priests would give. They often left their folds to the mercy of depu3. Jenks, op. cit., p. 189. 4. Grace E. Hadow, Chaucer and His Times (London: Thornton Butterworth Limited, 1930), p. 197. 102

ties and the plundering hordes of taxgatherers. A more general complaint was against the luxury and even debauchery in which the clergymen engaged. Wyclif complain ed, “They have parish churches and abbots that have many thousand marks more than enow. . .and setten an idiot for vicar or parish priest that cannot and may not do the office of a good curate.”.-, It is no won der that Chaucer gives as a virtue of his Parson that, instead of running to London to earn large sums of money for saying masses, he . . .dwelt at hoom, and kepte well his folde, So that the wolf ne made it nat myscarie.G Few things angered the people more than the free use of excommunication to enforce dues or tithes. In 1364 the parson of St. Mary Woolchurch excommunicated the wardens of London Bridge for leasing certain market stalls which he erroneous ly claimed belonged to his church. At Hereford the citizens were all excommuni cated for seizing some property of the bis hops’ tenants who refused to pay their civil taxes. 7 Instead of tending to their religious dis tricts, the bishops were busy with worldly affairs. About half of them held impor tant secular offices. One of them, Bishop Spencer, was busy commanding an army of crusaders in Flanders who were fight ing on behalf of Pope Urban VI against the anti-Pope Clement VII and his adher ents. Because the bishops were busy else where, the power of the archdeacons in creased and the Friar relates: Whilom ther was dwellynge in my countree An erchedeken, a man of heigh degree For smale tithes and for smal offrynge He made the peple pitously to synge. For er the bisshop caughte hem with his hook, .. John Wyclif as quoted by Hadow, op. cit.. p. 198. 0. Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue of the Canterbury Talcs, 11. 512-513. -. Herbert B. Workman, John Wyclif, Vol. II (Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1926), p. 25.

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berd, is an excellent case in point. He was a skilled beggar and was better acquainted with taverns and barmaids than with lepers and beggars, He was the beste beggere in his hous; For thogh a wydwe hadde noght a sho. So plesaunt was his 'In principio* Yet wolde he have a ferthyng, er he wente. He knew the tavernes wel i nevery toun

They weren in the erchedeknes book. 8 In earlier days the Church had com pensated for its clerical neglect through the diligence of those comprising the monastic orders. But even they now “had long since lost themselves in unconcealed world liness.”,, The first and only love of Chau cer’s monk was hunting: Of prikyng and of hunting for the hare Was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare. AS LalSn have his swynk to him reserved ! A generation before Chaucer’s time fifteen hundred horses were kept at Leicester Abbey. The Augustinian order allowed the monks to have hunting dogs, but there was a rule against bringing dogs into the refectory. The monks lived under an abbot and in general were no better or worse than anyone else. But they had become rich through gifts until they owned one third of the land of England. n As their wealth increased, the monks became more and more worldly. The abbot was like the head of a great estate and the monks managed farms, sheep-runs, houses, and bridges. The monks proved to be harsh landlords. No one ever forgot to collect tithes and revenues, although in that same community every other function of the Church might be neglected. As the monks lost spiritual power, the order of friars arose. The main difference between these two was that the former were organized primarily for a vita contempliva ( a life of retirement and contem plation), the latter for a vita activa (a life of active service). 12 The friars preached wherever crowds were gathered and were a revival of personal religion throughout Europe. But the friars also “became a set of worthless, tramping, begging vagabonds preying upon the decent folk and living in vicious idleness.” 13 Chaucer’s friar, Hu-

And everich hostiler and tappestere (innkeeper; barmaid) ®et thai? a lazar or a beggestere. H (leper; beggar) The begging friars were spread over the countryside “like a plague of locusts ln and became rivals of the parish priests. This rivalry is the theme of much satire in the Roman de la Rose. Like the pardoners, they often undermined the priests by commuting penance for a payment of money, For unto a povre ord3'e for to yive Is signe that a man is wel yshryve.10, They also promised the particular favor of heaven on all those who gave money or food to the “povre freres as the Summoner points out in his tale. From the middle of the thirteenth century the friars were the objects of attack for their corrupt practices. Wyclif and his followers called the friars “children of Cairn” (Cain),17 from the initials of Carmelitae, Augustini, Iacobini. Minores. Wyclif's own priests, who might have become a new order in England, differed from the mendicant friars first, by not being beggars; secondly, by being poor. The women were no better. One would not expect too much religious guidance in a nunnery headed by the Prioress with the coy smile, Madame Eglantine. Judging from the lines in the Prologue, And Frenssh, she spak ful faire and fetisly She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,18

8. Chaucer, The Friar’s Tale, 11. 1301-1302, 1315-1318. Adolphus William Ward, Chaucer (New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1880), 10. Chaucer, Prologue, 11. 191-192, 88. n. Jenks, op. cit., p. 118. 12. John Matthews Manly, ed., Canterbuj-y Tales (New York: Henry Holt and Com pany, 1928), p. 511. J3. Jenks, op. cit., p. 120. 103

H. Chaucer, Prologue, II. 252-255, 240-243. 13. Robert Dudley French, A Chaucer Handbook (New York: F. S. Crofts S: Co., 1929), p. 13. lfl. Chaucer, Prologue, 11. 225-226. ,7. John Wyclif, as quoted by Manly, op. cit., p. 511. 18. Chaucer, Prologue, 11. 124-125.

; her convent may have been little more than a finishing school for young ladies, devot ed mainly to French and deportment. The Pardoner, sent out by Rome, not only made money by selling authorized in dulgences but also carried on a thriving business of his own in fraudulent relics: For in his male he hadde a pilwe-beer, Which that he seyde was Oure Lady veyl: He seyde he hadde a gobet of the seyl That Seint Peter hadde, . . . And in a glas he hadde pigges bones. Chaucer’s Pardoner is a fine example of the many churchmen who had broken their vows of poverty and chastity and had turned to wine and women. He himself admits, What, trowe ye, that whiles I may preche, And wynne gold and silver for I teche, That I wol lyve in poverte wilfully? Nay I wol drynke licour of the vyne, And have a joly wencbc in every toun.20 The theme of the Pardoner’s Tale is Radix malorum est cupidHas. Certainly no one is better fitted to preach on the love of money than he is. It is not likely that the Pardoner is an exaggerated character. A iniilar picture is presented by the contemporary poet Langland and 150 years later by the pla giarist Catholic John Heywood. The universities in Chaucer’s day be came a haven for corrupt clergymen. From Exeter alone, a typical diocese, there “must have been at any given time something like six hundred English rectors and vicars living at the universities with the license of their bishops.” 21 There are numerous contemporary ref erences to the corruption of the Church. In “Piers Plowman” the poet states that things will become still worse before they improve and that the Church is already succumbing to the attacks of Antichrist, aided by “proud priests more than a thou sand.” oo Two books of Gower’s “Vox Clamantis” (one third of the entire work) and ia* Mid., 11, 694-697, 700. 20. Chaucer, Pardoner’s Prologue, 11. 439-441, 452-453. 2J. G. G. Coulton, Chaucer and His England (London: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1952), pp. 301-302. Mid., p. 295.

a good share of his “Mirrour de l’Omme” are devoted to invectives against the Church. In the next generation Gascoigne gives another indictment of the Church. There were also official complaints made to the king regarding clerical corrup tion. Already in 1371 the Commons had petitioned Edward III that, “whereas the Prelates and Ordinaries of Holy Church take money of clergy and laity in redemp tion of their sin from day to day, and from year to year, in that they keep their con cubines openly to the open scandal and evil example of the whole commonalty,” 2;{ that the secular courts have jurisdiction in such cases and that those persisting in con cubinage should be deprived of their lives. In 1414 the University of Oxford pre sented articles to King Henry V in which they complained of these and other vices. CHAUCER AND WYCLIF Conditions in the Church were crying aloud for reform and it is not surprising that one of the first great reformers, John Wyclif, an eminent doctor of theology, should be a contemporary of Chaucer. Nor is it surprising that Wyclif and his “poor preachers” gained a large following from among the people in general who weren’t bothered particularly over false doctrines in the church but were discontented be cause of the injustices and oppression. Many of Wyclif’s “heresies” bore a close resemblance to Luther’s. He affirmed the universal priesthood of all believers and attacked transubstantiation. He also at tacked nearly every institution of the me dieval church from the corrupt priesthood to the papacy itself, although his writings agreed with many conservative Catholic leaders still within the Church. In his cri ticism he pointed out what was all too ob vious and he thereby won at least partial support from many citizens, even from those who didn’t share his doctrinal views. Wyclif first tried to reform the Church without changing its existing structure. But by the time the papal schism began in 1378 he was sure that this was impossible. The followers of Wyclif came to be known as Lollards. This term is vague and often included all radicals within the Church. It is almost certain that Chaucer, who was about twenty years younger than the

23. Ibid., p. 298.

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at all my intention; I mean only to correct what is amiss.”28 In ridiculing the clergy, Chaucer was aiming at an ultimate end. He wished to correct and eliminate their flagrant faults. The question inevitably arises, “Was Chaucer a Lollard?” One would expect that a man like Chaucer would be eager to join a reform movement such as the one initiated by Wyclif. Yet there is not the slightest proof that Chaucer was a Wycliflite, and it is hard to say just how much he did sympathize with the Lollards. The character sketch of the Parson in the Prologue has sometimes been inter preted as evidence that Chaucer sympa thized with Wyclif. Most commentators are convinced that Chaucer’s Parson was modelled either after Wyclif himself or af ter one of his poor priests. The Host calls the Parson a Lollard and the Shipman ex presses a pious horror of the heresy which might come from such a preacher. The Parson’s Tale has many of the character istic marks of Wycliffism but it also con tains material of a contrary nature, e. g., in regard to the sacraments There is other external evidence which indicates that Chaucer was not a Lollard. Before Wyclif’s death in !384 John of Gaunt, Chaucer’s patron had openly dis sociated himself from the reformer. Chau cer’s friend Ralph Strode, a travelled scho lar, had written a series of controversial tracts against Wyclif. In Vox Clamantis another friend, the poet John Gower, ex presses indignation at the corruptions in the Church but shows no sympathy with Wycliffism. Neither Chaucer’s patron nor two of his friends, the ones to whom he dedicated Troilus and Criseyde, were Wycliffites. Another of Chaucer’s patrons, King Richard II, tried to suppress Lollardy. King Henry IV, a son of John of Gaunt and an other benefactor, persecuted the Lollards. It was not unlikely that Chaucer felt the same way as his friends about Wycliff. The fact that Chaucer opposed ecclesiasti cal domination and found an endless num ber of points on which he could satirize the clergy does not justify calling him a Manly, op. cit., p. 1. Lollard personally. Coulton, op. cit., p. 308 Why didn’t Chaucer become a great Speght as quoted by Marchette Chute, Ge offrey Chaucer of England (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 1946), p. 58. .,8. Chaucer, Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale, 11. 995Jenks, op. cit., p. 133. 999.

reformer, was acquainted with Wyclif. Like Chaucer, Wyclif was a member of the king’s court, serving for a time as the king’s chaplain. He must have preached at court while Chaucer was a member of the household. 24 Wyclif and Chaucer were also fellow proteges of John of Gaunt. 2r, They are both distinguished authors of the fourteenth century, and scholars argue as to which did more to shape the future of the English language. In a way Chaucer was also a reformer. His early attempts at reform were crude and unrefined. Speght, who wrote a bi ography of Chaucer in 1598, reports that a certain Master Buckley had noticed in the records that “Geoffrey Chaucer was fined two shillings for beating a Fransciscane fryer in Fleetstreete.”2G In this day the regulation two shilling fine for beating a Franciscan or Dominican was not un common, and if this friar was anything like Chaucer’s Huberd he got what he de served. The Canterbury Tales was a more sub tle element in the reform movement. It wasn’t only men like John Wyclif, Jack Straw, Wat Tyler, or John Ball the “mad priest” who worked to gain more rights for the people and to emancipate the in dividual. Chaucer also played his part when he decided to portray his pilgrims not as representatives of a class but as real human beings. When the satire on the clergy7 is also considered, Chaucer’s poems can be regarded as agencies in the reform of Church and state which, like an acid, “slowly, almost imperceptibly, destroys what it attacks.” 27 They had acted upon the people like a leaven, so that by 1534 there was little English resistance to Hen ry VIII’s revolt from Rome. Chaucer in no way meant to include all the clergy in his ridicule; his descrip tion of the Parson, “the good man of religioun,” bears witness to this. It was probably Chaucer himself speaking when the Canon’s Yeoman says, “In every order, surely, there is a scoundrel, and God for bid that the whole group should be blamed for one man's folly. To slander you is not 24. 25. 2(j. 27.

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reformer of the Church ? Did he fear excommunication ? Was he humoring the Roman Church understandingly and be nignly as one might a Santa Claus ? These questions will remain unanswered for the most part. But this much it is safe to con clude: Chaucer remained faithful to the Catholic Church throughout his life. Cath olicism held an emotional appeal for him although it did present certain intellectual and practical problems. Chaucer’s religious stories, although they aren’t remembered as well as the saltier tales, show that he held a great af fection for the Church’s saints. The Pri oress’ Tale shows how the service of Hugh, the pious, innocent child, was honored by “Christes moder.” “The most perfect single piece of pure poetry in Chaucer”..,, is found in the prologue of this talc where the Prioress sings the Virgin Mary’s praise: Lady, thy bountee, thy magnificence. Chute, of), cit., p. 290.

Thy vertu, and thy grete humylitee, Ther may no tonge expresse in no science; For somtyme, Lady, er men praye to thee, Thou goost bifom of thy benyngnytee, And getest us thy lyght, of thy preyere, To gyden us unto thy Sone so deere.30 Although Chaucer often joked at the Church, he never lost his respect for it. He also joked at himself and at his poetry, yet he never lost his respect for either. Chaucer not only lacked the desire to become a great reformer but he also lacked the ability. His make-up was more passive than active; he was an observer of human nature, a poet, a critic. But he was not, nor did he care to be, a polemical, heroic reformer. His retraction at the end of the Canterbury Tales reveals that he didn’t even care to defend the reforming state ments he had made. 30. Chaucer, Prioress' Prologue, 11. '174-480.

SCIENCE 570x1 106

The following poems, together with “Equivocation,” by John Trapp (see October, 1963 issue) have been accepted for publication in the Annual Anthology of College Poetry. The anthology is a collection of the finest poetry written by the college men and women of Amenca. The Black and Red wishes to congratulate our three successful poets.

NEE ZOE Kiss and tell how you risk nothing — Make a reservation in eloquence — Ask little by right — Ever chance having truth! Love only very earnestly! Judge often how none can answer — Run little lest all wisdom run elsewhere, Nee Zoe! And have other people enter. — j. lawrenz, ’65

BLACK AND WHITE The earth is black and white, But only white is here, only white. The black is a great mass. But made small by the greater mass. Ever present the black remains A scourge to the white eyes. Lacking education, health, and direction The black mills around as a fog, Present, but easily forgotten by the white. The white is mankind. The black no one knows. Is it a vegetable or mineral? Is it animal or insect? Is this man less than man? — JOHN BRAUN, ’66 107

THE GREATEST WONDER A nd it came to pass in those days . . f \ In just this simple, direct way Luke begins his narrative of the Christmas Gos pel. The account which follows is short. It is not written in polished language or grand style. There are no wordy descrip tions of sights of shining splendor. Rather we see only a small, insignificant town, a dark, pastoral countryside, and a crude and lowly manger. And yet what a beau tiful and comforting message is here given; the words are of lasting signifi cance and consequence. It is this same simple approach to Christmas of which Luther was so fond. Often modem man tends to concentrate more on the myths and legends of mir acles connected with Christmas. Luther in comparison is serious and scriptural. Anything beyond the Biblical text, he felt, should be omitted or, at least, subordin ated. He did not concern himself in specu lation as to how many wise men there were, and when they paid homage to the new-born Savior; nor doc. he try to give credulity to the star of BcMiiohcm through a scientific explanation o.; the phenome non. Rather, the human aspects of the story interested him. Ycu- Mary, Joseph in his misgivings, the ugi and their

bewilderment, and the cunning Herod are to him all very real people. Luther was simply amazed at the faith of those in the Christmas story who themselves believed in the Christ child. Had he been in the position of the shepherds, he feels he would not have believed and gone with them. He realized that the Virgin birth was for God a mere trifle; but the Virgin’s faith was for him most astonishing. But these characters are not the chief concern of Luther, nor are they ours. For on that still Judean night there occurred an event of far greater amazement. In a lowly Bethlehem stable Christ became flesh. For us this is the greatest miracle of all. It is not a question of how God placed the star in the heavens, but rather why He should want to send His own Son to sinful mankind. That Christ should so humble himself that he rested in the feedbox of stable animals is truly a won derful miracle. It is love beyond all rea son and comprehension of man. “And his name shall be called Wonder ful” (Isa. 9:6). Wonderful indeed is this God become man, and wonderful are our blessings. We stand with Luther in faith, unable to understand. We can only won j. M. der.

YULE-BUCKING ll of us here at Northwestern are ** quite familiar with the custom of car oling during the Christmas holidays. Few of us, however, are familiar with an off shoot of this fine old custom called yule bucking.

When caroling, we sing songs to cheer the hearts and spirits of both those listen ing and of those singing. Caroling is most often done on a crisp, bright night, while the occupants of a house are still awake. An enjoyable side light of caroling is of ten experienced in partaking of special Christmas baked goods, hot chocolate, punch, and the like. Caroling is fun for the participants and enjoyable for those who listen. Now in contrast to caroling, but yet in some ways parallel to it, I introduce yule 108

bucking. The sounds one makes in yule bucking are not limited to only the musi cally inclined, as caroling is. In fact, noise in yule-bucking is done just as well by monotones as by singers. Shouting, blow ing of horns, beating of pans, and the toot ing of car horns are the traditional sounds of yule-bucking. The type of weather has no bearing on the activities of yule-buckers for a particular evening. If possible, the yule-buckers wait until folks have been in bed for sometime, and then the fun and noise begin. From this you can see that yule-bucking has rather different hours from those of caroling. It seldom gets un der way before midnight. Unlike caroling, eating and drinking are the high lights of yule-bucking. The occupants of a house have no choice as to whether to feed th’e merry-makers or not. If they should decide

not tQ, the enjoyable sounds from outside will continue for quite some time. Invit ing the yule-buckers inside and feeding them is the only way to get rid of them. Yule-bucking is indeed fun for the partici pants but not always so for those who benefit from this frivolity. Any feelings of grudge are usually forgotten when some of the folks who have been rousted out of bed are persuaded to join the growing num ber of yule-buckers, who continue on to other homes. Where yule-bucking is an established custom it’s enjoyed by all. It

is a practice of cheer and fun, done only during the Christmas holidays. Perhaps you have been wondering where these fine customs originate. As good Germans, we know that the custom of caroling is vested in our heritage. Yule bucking, strangely enough, seems to origi nate among the Norwegians and Scandi navian people. Where Germans are in con tact with this custom, they adjust to it quite easily and take it over. The fun and booty are inviting! DAVID N. RUTSCHOW, ’66

RETOICING Through city streets And country lane, Ring songs of adoration; For God’s own Son, Came down to earth, To bring to all salvation. — c, otto, ’65

THE SYMBOLISM IN OUR CHAPEL WINDOWS Inuring recent weeks the clear glass winU dows in the nave of the chapel have

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been replaced by stained glass windows. The three windows in ih chancel with their Trinitarian motif had been installed earlier, but now with the windows in the nave completed, our chapel’s functional beauty has been enhanced. Along the east side of the chapel the windows represent the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit. Starting from the front, Wis dom, Understanding, Counsel, Fortitude, Knowledge, Fear of the Lord, and Piety are symbolically depicted. The first gift of the Spirit, Wisdom, is symbolized by the first blessing of God’s creation, light. The light that he created is pictured as a lamp, and by the flame of this lamp the Scriptures are illuminated for us and the divine truths of God are revealed. The second window depicts Under standing. By the Holy Spirit's gift of Un derstanding we are enabled to grasp the meaning of God’s Word as it was intended when He revealed it. The sunflower is pic tured because it continually turns to God’s light of creation for growth just as a Chris109

tian turns to God for Understanding of re vealed truth. With this also comes an Un derstanding of our fellow men. The scales of justice carry out his idea. The familiar New Testament story of the Pharisees’ temptation of Jesus illus trates the gift of Counsel. In the window is shown a scroll with the inscription, Matt. 22: 21. The Roman coin completes the picture which reminds us of Jesus’ dis creet words, “Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s.” With such a God-given gift of judgment we will be able to make correct decisions as we meet with problems. In the world the power of sin and evil opposes the will of the Christian, but the Holy Spirit has given another gift, Forti tude. Symbolically, the serpent entwines about a flame-encircled world, but from a shell above it the waters of Baptism are poured out. In such a way we receive the gifts of courage and strength through Bap tism to overcome the difficulties that con front us. The revealed truths of the Bible do not always seem in complete harmony with our human reason, but when the Holy Spirit gives us ! ■>'. gift of Knowledge, the truth of God is accepted by the Christian. Then in the light eJ Knowledge the Gospel triumphs throughout the world. This vic tory of the Gospel is shown by a cross and a stylized earth upon a Bible. The two tables of stone given through Moses, symbolize another of the Spirit’s gifts, the Fear of the Lord, because in their pointing out the sin in the heart of man the commandments fill us with reverence for the faultless and unquestioned judg ments of God. In the window is also the burning bush, a reminder of the story of how God’s lawgiver was called into His sendee.

The seventh gift, Piety, gives the Chris tian the strength to make continual ef forts to give honor to God. When the Holy Spirit has given us this gift, we are led to do God’s will. The candles and a censor which is burning incense are symbolic of this effort to do the will of God. The two windows on the north depict the worldwide spread of Christianity. The fact that the Gospel is a gift to all the world is shown by pictures symbolizing the five races of the world. The Chi-Rho repre sents Christ, Chiristianity, and its message of salvation. The west side windows tell the stories of Noah, Isaiah, John the Baptist, and St. Paul. A complete overview of Christianity is included in the stories of the lives of these four men. There is Noah, Christ’s prototype; the prophet Isaiah; Christ’s her ald, John the Baptist; and the New Testa ment’s greatest apostle, Paul. The story of Noah points to Christ. The ark and the dove remind us how he was God’s instrument in saving mankind from temporal death while Christ delivered men from eternal death. Isaiah’s vision of one of the angels taking a live coal from the fire and placing it in the prophet’s mouth is symbolized by a fire and tongs lifting out a hot coal from the fire. With this picture we are reminded of one of the greatest of the Old Testament prophets. In the next window John the Baptist is represented by the shell of Baptism. From the shell flows the water over the Chi-Rho, again the symbol of Christ, the Redeemer. The final window shows “the whole armor of God,” as Paul spoke of it. In a reminder of the great apostle, the window shows the “sword of the Spirit,” symbol ical of the Word of God, and the shield of faith. L. S.

THE LAST SEARCH !

I’m lonely. I want someone - anyone. I • want to see another human face before I cash in. I’m fed up with life. There’s nothing, absolutely nothing, worth living for. I’d go to a city and look, but I’d be dead in a day. Nobody in his right mind no

wants to die of radiation sickness. Well, I suppose it’ll get me in the long run any way. I remember back to the good old days when this war was only seven years old. I had just turned fifteen and was a fresh dreamy-eyed kid when I was drafted. I

received the usual four weeks training and was shipped off to the Manitoba front (Heaven knows it was a better one than the Urals). I’ll always be thankful for the way ole Sam latched onto me. He was a big burly nigger, but I’ll kill anyone who calls him that. He’s dead now, got his guts cut out by a hunk a shrapnel. But lie kept me from getting killed; he took me under his wing and protected me for five years. It’s hard to lose a part of you, but after awhile you get used to it. By the end of the tenth year of the war the only part of the U. S. that was inhabit able was the section between the Rockies and the Appalachians. Everything was radioactive. They kept telling us it was worse over there, but you know they dish out the hogwash in their propaganda. Then RV struck (RV is radioactive virus). The radiation affected some dor mant virus and in no time you cashed in. It wasn’t pretty. The sleeping pill busi ness would have boomed had there been one. It’s not pretty watching your friends die.

Let me tell you about the big joke. It’d be twice as funny if it wasn’t so gory. Well, anyhow, we were giving the “big push” in the Urals and they had to pull out of Manitoba or get wiped all over Europe. Now you know the Russians, they never like to admit defeat, so they laid on enough bombs to croak every living thing within eight hundred miles. Why didn’t

I get it? Well it’s like in those stupid war stories. “By luck” I was tranferred and was in Protection, Kansas, (capital of the U.S. at that time). Remember how those wind currents come out of Canada and across the northern Midwest? Well the blast caused ’em to reverse and soon all 287 of their divisions were as kaput as ours. Quite a joke, eh? Even a civilian could see this spelled the end for them. So what’d they do? Sur render? Nah. With them it’s all or noth ing, so they set off the rest of their bombs and poof, no more “big push,” no more war, no more nothin’. If they’d a been smart they’d have surrendered and let us ship them foreign aid; they’d have been on their feet in no time. Wasn’t too long after that RV just about polished olf everybody. Last person I saw was a year and a half ago, I think; I lost track of the days somehow. He was in the last stages of RV so 1 let him be; besides I might a got it and nobody wants that. There’s nothing left now that's worth while. I can’t recognize any of the new plants, and the animals att. k you, I have to check all the water ant! ood, and it’s getting harder everyday to find the “pure” stuff. I’d kill myself but I don’t have the guts. That’s why I’m looking for a fellow human being; maybe he’ll kill me. MARVIN AHLBORN, ’68

THE PLAY'S THE THING I t is no secret that the contemporary until the seventeenth century did the act • American theater is highly unpopular. ing area begin to withdraw behind the Looking back on the last thirty years of proscenium wall and develop into our theater history, critic Walter Kerr observes present day picture-frame stage, The theater on a regular march toward extinc prime reason for this move was to in tion. The theater has worn out its old crease the possibility of creating illusion. forms, and while it searches for a replace But modern experimenters contend that ment, movies and television capture the illusion is not lost with central staging audiences. Typical of interim periods, and, in addition, permits a closer audi attention has been turned backward, and, ence-stage contact. while kicking through the scrap pile, the Many different names are given to theater may have found an extinction this procedure. Margo Jones called it arrester, a new production procedure called Theater-in-the-Round. At the University central staging. of Washington, where the first of the Central staging is really not new. The modern central stages was constructed, old Greek and Roman plays were staged it is called the Penthouse Theater. At the in the center of the audience, and not University of Miami, Florida, it is called ill

the Ring Theater. Other names appear: arena staging, circus staging, circle stag ing; but whatever the name, the principle remains the same — place the stage in the midst of the audience. Central staging has some obvious ad vantages. It is simple and economical. It strips away almost all scenery; it re quires no elaborate technical equipment. Adequate lighting is perhaps the only real requirement, and this too may be simple and inexpensive. Central staging is the actor’s theater. The intimacy of the audi ence permits an actor to use facial ex pression, slight gestures and body move ments with much greater effect. The possi bilities of projection are greatly increased Greater realism can be achieved. This last point, however, poses one of the greatest problems in central staging. Realism and illusion exclude each other. The realism of three-dimensional life may embarrass an audience: it may make

artistic detachment more difficult to main tain. For an audience to be illusioned it must be willing to suspend disbelief. Sus pension of disbelief requires a certain aesthetic distance. Greater physical dis tance helps to maintain this suspension. But as physical distance decreases in cen tral staging, other forces gather strength. The possibility of empathy increases; sub tle changes of mood can be more easily observed; the audience can experience the excitement of the movie close-up. Skill fully combined, these ingredients can make an evening of theater-in-the-round most enjoyable fare. It is not likely that central staging will replace the picture-frame stage, nor will it be the cure-all for the modem theater. The problem of material still exists. But theater-in-the-round can give a freshness and new beauty to many of the old class ics. It may fill the interim. RALPH MARTENS, ’64

SOLVED! THREE PROBLEMS OF ANTIQUITY AAany things written by the ancients rules of Euclidean geometry and with the * * * have not been improved upon down aid of a compass and unmarked ruler only. through the centuries A; though Plato Since many consider these three con lived around 400 B. C., Jus writings are structions to be absolutely impossible, un still considered to be the ultimate in pagan til recently anyone who still tried to tri philosophy; it has been said that. “All phi sect an angle was considered by mathema losophy is but footnotes to Plato." Simi ticians to be an oddball. But now, appar larly the three Greek tragedians, Aeschylus, ently, these three problems have been Sophocles, and Euripides, have reigned solved! without a rival, except for Shakespeare, This work has been done by Maurice throughout world history. Euclid’s Ele Kidjel, a Hawaiian portrait artist. During ments of Geometry has been used as a World War II Kidjel solved many “impos geometry textbook for the past 2250 years. sible” problems in the field of engineering Although there are many aspects of anci and came to be known as the “Wizard.” ent culture that modern man has been un In his work as an artist Kidjel searched able to improve, it does happen occasional for the underlying concepts of Greek geo ly that a modern goes the ancients one metric philosophy as it applies to design better. One such improvement has occur and construction of temples, vases, and red recently in the field of mathematics. especially to proportions of the ideal huFrom ancient times mathematicians man figure. He discovered the ratio of have been trying to solve three problems 5.333 to 1. This ratio, Kidjel claims, has long considered impossible. They are 1) applications in the fields of engineering, trisecting the angle - dividing an angle in mathematics, and portraiture. It aids the to three equal parts; 2) squaring the circle engineer or artist in making pleasant lay constructing a square equivalent in area outs and patterns. The distance from the to a given circle; 3) doubling the cube - chin to the top of the head and from the constructing a cube double in volume to chin to the line between the lips, for ex that of a given cube. All these construc ample, is in this ratio as are other parts tions must be done in accordance with the of the human body. ts

1 i

It was several years ago that Kidjel discovered the rato of 5.333 to 1. He found that this ratio could be applied to the solving of the three “impossibles.” But since the use of a ratio calipers was not in keeping with the rules of Euclidean ge ometry, Ids results were not accepted by the mathematical world. Some time later, however, Kidjel, using his original con structions as a guide, discovered how he could trisect the angle with only a com pass and a straight edge. His construction makes use of a series of equilateral tri angles and has only eight steps.

Kidjel’s system was apparently first in troduced to the American public through the Congressional Record. The remarks of Hawaii’s Representative Daniel Inouye on the Kidjel system can be found in the Con gressional Record of June 3, 1960. It is surprising that a discovery of this magni tude hasn’t been given more publicity. If Kidjel’s solutions are genuine, and if some one can prove that his constructions are correct, one may say in truth that “The difficult we get right away; it’s the impos sible that takes us awile.” A. W.

PROEM

•*

The nauseating humdrum Of city life Is too condemned By a poet’s hand Or a rhymster’s knife. These traveling bards Say love is rare, Beauty’s here, Life is there. They are vegetarians; Their taste is blind To savory meats. The open mind Is open in the country, Country stream Or nature’s breasts — The rolling hills And lofty crests. Send it back to Adam’s time! He knew that stream, He wrote that rhyme. But give me ink To draw a train Or write a machine. It’s no grassy plain Or daffodil for me. I’ll write of the subways And life at night, When the clouds Are gone And the flowers Are gone And “sun” won’t rhyme. I am only a man, A herald of my time. — JOHN TRAPP, ’66

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AN OPEN LETTER TO THE COLLEGE MAN O pirit is an appropriate thought topic, ^ both seasonally and historically, for this issue of The Black and Red. The Christmas spirit and its universal joy claim the season’s preference, but an event of historical significance steals onto the scene and somewhat dims the gaiety. The assassination of John F. Kennedy has called into question our sense of values, moral and social, and the national spirit. The Advent season, too, tells us of spirit as it asks us to reassess our spiritual sense of values in beginning a new church year. The student would do well to take a long and objective look at spirit in his New Year’s reflection. School spirit is no new issue for us, but it is far from be ing hackneyed when we observe both its scope and variety. We can easily examine a particular phase of spirit. Sloppiness is a term wc have recently become acquainted with, and it gives us a beginning in our mental journey into the heart of N.W.C. life. Sloppiness, whether it manifests itse, in the dining hall or dorm, eventually finds its way into the classroom, and this is our field of reflection, the classroom Lack of co-education r. college may be one reason for a slovenly appearance in clothing, but hardly an excuse. A little pride in school and in sell should over come this handicap. The all too prevalent “jeans and T-shirt” attitude is a conform ity sweeping the dorm While this type of attire is undoubtedly comfortable in the dormitory, it is also comfortable in the classroom, and this comfort brings with it lounging, informality and sleeping. There is an observable relationship be tween posture and proper classroom de corum. There is also a relationship be tween attire and posture. The “slept in”

look is another fad which speaks ill of one’s evening entertainment or one’s laundering practices. The all-American college pastime of “griping” comes under our scrutiny in this connection. A familiar campus complaint mentions a comparison between our edu cational standards and methods and those of a university or some other liberal arts college. The subjective view quite often finds N.W.C. lacking and proceeds to push the blame onto the curriculum of faculty. However our situation presents a unique problem. While our college labors under the liberal arts banner, it is in reality the feeder school of the Synod for the Sem inary. Because of this the loss of a student looms high as a thing to be avoided. An other student at another school must work to be retained by a disconnected and un concerned faculty that can present its curriculum and expect it to be accepted. It becomes easy to think that it’s the faculty’s responsibility to retain any and all students. “Spoon-feeding” by the professor is one result to which students react with laxity in preparation. Helpfulness, even cod dling, are met with bull-headed opposition or outright indifference. Education is no longer the high goal to be sought after with diligent study, outside reading and classroom attention. It has become a con test between an educator, teaching in the high school tradition, and a student, attending in a vocational school tradition. Objective examination of school spirit in the classroom should change one’s sub jective spirit of education. To dress the part of a college student and to display a collegiate attitude toward education may improve our collective spirit.

Forum Notes

program is one of silhouette and sound, a new idea in Forum presentation. Acting is done be* hind a spotlighted screen, relying heavily on mental effect and beauty of imagination, Part I of the program is sacred, carrying

Christmas Reverie in Song, the Christmas Forum creation of Arthur Frenz, will create the joyous mood of the morrow's vacation. The

p. K.

114

the Promise of the Savior from the Fall, thru the Old Testament, to Christ's birth. A secular Part II has a "going home" theme and features a solo by Howard Festerling. Sixteen songs by College and Girls’ Glee Clubs, together with a chorale under the direction of Lyle Sonntag, will surround the audience from the balcony. Narration is by Alan Siggelkow. Plan on attending an evening of unusual enjoyment. The program will be presented on December 19th.

of the college and a report on the Synod s manpower shortage. There are at present two sets of slides, varying and expanding, which survey the campus, show daily routine, and cover the year’s highlights. A closing speech outlines the curriculum and the student body, with a reemphasis on worker shortage, Entertainment for the program is provided by either the quartet, octet, glee club, or two newly formed groups, the German band and an instrumental trio. Nearly fifty students are obtaining valuable speaking experience with the more than sjx lectures each month. The series has be£n seen in Michigan, Minnesota, and Nebraska as well as in Wisconsin. All congregations within a hundred mile radius of Watertown are encouraged to write for information and plan such a program.

In a recent Forum meeting the society decided to produce its final presentation in the form of a musical. Stage director will be Ralph Martens and the musical director will be Lyle Sonntag. Among those plays being considered are Finians Rainbow, Wish You Were Here, Calamity Jane, Most Happy Fella, and Mr. Wonderful.

Soph Trip Sunrise was a new experience for many of the fifty inquisitive history-science scholars who on November 14 piled into two busses bound for Chicago. Cooperation of natural and technical forces made the schedule a success, and to our knowledge no one was lost. A guided tour of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago brought the culture of Egypt closer to the understanding of many, The spirit of the wide-eyed group disembarking at the Museum of Science and Industry was not unlike that of the many elementary school tours that were encountered. The Natural History Museum, Shedd Aquarium, and Adler Planetarium were interesting, but anticlimatic to many. The arrival at the Prudential Building must have looked like an invasion force to the staid indigenous population. Later, divergent groups began three hours of a rather different type or entertainment in the Loop. Song and sack occupied the return trip, all agreeing that Chi cago had left its mark on the Class of ’66 (or vice versa). A weary voice echoed the only dissident sentiment, "Too much for one man in one day!"

Dorm Council Lecture The Dorm Council presented its first leelure of the school year on November 16. Representative Robert Haase of Marinette, Speak cr of the Wisconsin State Assembly, was the lecturer. In his talk, Mr. H use criticised national government policies uid spending and accused the federal governs of overstepping its constitutional bounds in many areas. His remarks reflected much of ihc solid Republican conservatism associated v ih Senator Goldwater. He admitted that the Wisconsin LegislatUre had accomplished nothing during the summer and suggested that ihc legislature and governor both be of the same party, either Democratic or Republican, to have effective State government. Mr. Haase's talk lasted less than half an hour, but a forty-five minute question and answer period followed. It is this type of discussion that Mr Haase said he enjoyed most.

Lecture Group Now in its third year and enjoying tremendous success is the Student Lecture Group, It is a committee led by Dick Winters, under the auspices of the Dorm Council. Their program consists of two speeches and a slide lecture. The opening speech gives a brief history 115

Local Entertainment Students have been treated to cultural en tertainment outside of their own circles rather frequently this year. The Lutheran Chorale of Milwaukee under Kurt Eggert presented a musical interpretation of the Lutheran liturgy in the chapel November 17. Watertown's Curtain Club, on November 10 and 11, pre sented Under The Sycamore Tree. Several students took part in the production The Community Concert series, on October 23, featured The Medleys, a husband and wife piano duo, as the first of their three pro grams in Watertown. The appearance of Fred Waring's orchestra and chorus at Fond du Lac

improvements. The week-end’s festivities will begin Friday night, most likely with a mass skating party on a rink to be shaped on the athletic field. At this time the sculpturing theme will be announced. Saturday morning classes will be replaced by snow sculpturing activities with a judging of the class endeavors to take place at noon. A breakfast for all at ten o' clock and hot chocolate after the judging have been suggested. Games and contests will com prise the afternoon schedule. A warming sup per signals the beginning of the evening’s en tertainment, after which several groups are tentatively scheduled to perform. Possibly the Triads of Oshkosh State will head the program with the Imperial Trio and another group as sisting. Audience participation should enliven the performance. The price of the tickets should not exceed one dollar, so plan to attend. Ideas are still welcomed by any of the committees which have been set up.

in early March is expected to be the season’s highlight for those who can get there. The Wartburg College Choir, under the direction of Edwin Liemohn, included Watertown in its tour and on November 11 gave a concert beautiful in its blending and precision. Several juniors thought so much of it that they travelled to Waupun the next evening for a repeat performance. Prof. Lehmann, besides scheduling the male chorus tour, T. V. appearances and concert (including the Christmas Concert of Decem ber 15), is planning to bring other musical groups to our campus. Winter Carnival The Winter Carnival, a brain child of the Dorm Council, is becoming a reality. Given a boost by faculty approval, it will go on as scheduled February 1. Since the original con ception, there have been several changes and

QampiiA @La£&JwoM Are you studying more row and enjoying it less ? THE COLLEGE WASTELAND (ala rocku roll) December, baby, you seu/i :ne out the most, Yeah, December, baby you send me out the most. Your flurries of snow send me shivers in my knees. If I don’t find my Christmas gay, my love’ll freeze, E pluribus unum, man, ya-a-a-a-a (Chorus) Eins, zwei, drei, und bier. Da ist kein Madchen hier. Unreal city, your winters are real cool, Yeah, unreal city, your winters are too cool, Tests, pests, quizzes, reading, and transla ting, too. Monotony, claustrophobia, and a good case of flu. Oh, unreal city, how could you do this to me! (Chorus) Yippee ! Yippee ! Vacation time is coming on. 116

Yeah! Yippee! Yippee! Vacation time is coming on. And from this place, I’ll soon be gone, And in my heart, there’ll be a song. Where can I find a girl, tell me where, yeah. * Now Really! ! ! Nowadays to make a movie, story, TV show, or a play interesting you must have the magic formula. This often consists of a well-contrived plot, psychological inter est, and interesting characters. Here’s a case in point. A young lad gets up drowsi ly in the morning and staggers to break fast. He gulps down his breakfast and staggers out. Then he ambles down to his first period class, sits down, stares at his text and the blackboard for an hour. He repeats this proceduread infinitum (absurdam?). In the afternoon he takes a nap and browses in the reading room. After supper he cracks the books until his eyes become too tired to open, which usually doesn’t take too long. You say that this is uninteresting. Of course, it is. That’s Northwestern. Even our cereal is dry. Pardon me, there is some excitement •—adapted from a work in Campus Humor.

up here. Every once in a while you run thing. For as Arno, our president says, into a real shocker. For instance just four “If it would have snowed, I don’t know weeks before Christmas vacation the se where the frosh class could have gotten nior class was notified that they should shovels, since they’re using them for have a term paper done and handed in cleaning out the clubroom!” before they go home for Christmas! On Saturday, November 23, Marquette and the University of Wisconsin with its extensions cancelled all Saturday classes, Adiaphora which would have been held, and post poned all major sports events. But there Did you hear the latest news develop still was activity in the world. North ments about old tests? I hear from reli western College still had Saturday classes. able sources that they’ve been standardiz Classes were dropped on Monday, however. ed. Students have diligently gone through An item of news: The spirits moved the files and found tests ranging back to the senior class to have a class reunion the early ’30’s. They were diligently com before Thanksgiving. They saw the high piled and recorded except those from the points of Ditter’s trip through Europe. war years (since they were written on poor The other day Karl Gurgel did the paper, they were hard to read). But just library a service. He not only brought a think! What a boon for the students! All Kretzmann to the library, they have to do is come to class on test which wasn’tCommentary the library’s, but he also days! paid a 4£ fine on the book. Keep up the It has come to my attention that there good work. are some who think that it is a famous The guy who complains that he has feat if they can weave a few Greek and one test too many doesn't necessarily Latin words and phrases into their dis mean that he has more than one test. course, even if there is no room for them. If you had cents, you would go home Then if they want exotic effects they dig on weekends. up a few obsolete words from decaying Did I ever tell you that you can tell manuscripts by which they spread dark ness over all. Those who are more ambi Christmas by its presents. tious smile and shake their ears as the Sign Above a Mirror: Boy, if I had a jackasses do in order that they seem to face like yours. I’d shave the back of my comprehend, “Quite so, quite so.” By the head and walk backwards Signs on the Door: Quarantine — Sleep way, please take this “cum grano salis.” ing Sickness Ever since the film Cleopatra came out Never miss an opportunity to make it has been a great attraction. Of course Cleopatra is an, interesting character. But some else happy, even if you have to people seem to have the wrong conception leave them to do it. of Cleopatra as a person. For one thing Cleopatra wasn’t the most beautiful dame, Daffynitions (quoted from somewhere) since extant coins represent her with a hooked nose and a large mouth. Rather humor magazine censor — a guy who sees her unique powers of enchantment con three meanings to a joke which has only sisted in her mental powers and style of two. behavior. Secondly, history shows that Christmas — when people keep radios on Cleopatra was more interested in a politi all hours of the morning playing “Silent cal career than a romantic one and there Night.” fore stayed faithful to her two husbands, dignity — something that can’t be pre Julius Caesar and Antony. Therefore it served in alcohol. would seem more interesting to me on college-bred — a four-year loaf made with historical grounds to see Cleopatra play father’s dough. the part of Elizabeth Taylor than the cold — the only thing that stays in people’s other way around! heads for more than one day. So far we’ve had an extremely warm modesty — consists in hiding one’s intelli fall with little or no snow. But it’s a good gence in the circular file. 117

CUdimni yii)JtfL& CALLS Pastor H. A. Sclierf, '20. formerly of Holy Cross Lutheran Church, Daggert, Michigan, has ac cepted a call to St. John Lutheran Church, East Bloomfield, Wisconsin. He was installed on November 17, 1963. Pastor Kenneth W. Strack, ’54, after having served St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Church, Napcr, Nebraska, for a little over five years, has accepted a call to establish a mission in the Cape Canaveral (Kennedy) area of Flori da. A commissioning service was held on No vember 17, 1963, at Trinity Lutheran Church, West Mequon. His address, for anyone who knows of any prospects living in the area, is Rev. Kenneth W. Strack 1307 Lakemont Drive, South Cocoa. Florida DEDICATIONS Pastor Gcrhardt Haag, ’53, and his congrega tion, Bethesda Lutheran Church, Portland, Oregon, were privileged to dedicate a new house of worship on November 24, 1963. Our Savior Evangelical Lutheran Church of Bismarck, North Dakoia. dedicated their new church on December 1963. Pastor Roland

Zimmermann, ’52, serves the congregation. Pastor W. A. Wietzke, '48, and his congregation Grace Lutheran Church at Oskaloosa, Iowa, dedicated a new house of worship on Novem ber 24, 1963. Pastor Hugo Fritze, ’30, deliv ered the dedication sermon. A new organ was dedicated in Trinity Luth eran Church of Winner, South Dakota, on June 30. 1963. Pastor David Plocher, ’56, is the pastor. DEATH Pastor E. C. Birkholz, ’09, after having served long and faithfully in the work of the church, passed away on May 10, 1963. WEDDING Carl Vertz, ’60, married Carolyn Tews on Au gust 18, 1963.

ENGAGEMENT John Henderson, ’62, to Sharon Beck, April ’63. Kent Schroeder, ’63, to Lee Ann Knull, June ’63 Bill Russow, ’63, to Betty Dobratz, November, ’63. Bill Gabb, ’63, to Elizabeth Schuetze, Novem ber, ’63.

Spoil 4 with an unimpressive record of 3 wins and 4 losses, they nevertheless won the key league games and the ensuing confer ence title. On the road the Trojans lost all their games, while all games at home were won. Halfback Marty Schwartz scored 30 points to win the conference scoring championship. He also was the league’s third best rusher and at the end of the season was named a member of the backfield of Wisconsin’s All-State third team. Halfback Dave Toepel was ranked fourth best rusher and end Tom Zarling was the conference’s fourth leading pass receiver. The prospects for next season at this time are good. But the Trojans, by com piling a good winning season, will have to prove to some that they are a champ ionship team.

Concordia Tops Northwestern, 12-6 The Cougars of Concordia College, River Forest, Illinois, dealt the Trojans a 12-6 setback on November 9th in a game played at River Forest. The Black and Red showed obvious signs of a letdown from the previous week when they had walloped Lakeland 33-13 to win the Gate way Conference championship. Two long runs, one of 67 yards by Cougar halfback, A1 Behnke, proved to be the decisive blows. Concordia’s blitz ing defense and keyed up offense came up with the big plays at the right times. Northwestern’s lone score came in the second quarter as halfback Dave Toepel passed 32 yards to flankerback Ron Hahm. Season’s Summary The Trojan’s 1963 football campaign was of a paradoxical nature. Even though the Black and Red finished the season

Basketball Begins The football Trojans were called “up118

i I

start” and subsequently won the confer ence championship. The Black and Red’s basketball five has now been labeled a “darkhorse” contender for conference honors.

• If

Last year the Trojans were 3-11 against conference competition, but lost eight of these games by a total of 36 points. This year, Coach Ed Pieper will have six re turning lettermen and several promising freshmen from which he must form his starting five. As a whole the coming season should turn out better for the improved Trojans, but an overall stronger conference will provide tough opposition for the Black and Red netters. The Trojans face an eighteen game schedule, twelve of which are Gateway conference games.

Home Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.

7 12 14 11 14 11 15 21 22

— — — — — — — —

Dec. 5 — Dec. 10 — Jan. 17 — Jan. 18 —

Wis. Lutheran Seminary M.I.T. U.I.C. * Milton * Concordia, Milwaukee Trinity * Lakeland * George Williams * Eureka *

Jan. 31 - U.I.C. * Feb. 4 — Milton * Feb. 8 — Concordia, Milwaukee Feb. 25 - M.I.T. Feb. 29 — Wis. Lutheran Seminary * CONFERENCE GAMES

Bowlers Begin Action After one week of league bowling, it is apparent that this year’s race will be very close. At least six of the ten league teams could possibly win the champion ship. Opening day honors went to Dan Deutschlander who rolled a 158 three games series for a 53 average! Team Standings Minars 2107 2J£ 1 2106 Green Bowl 2M 1 2096 East Gate 2'A 1 A1 Rippe 1921 2M 1 Pagel’s Bakery 2157 1% 2 Piccadilly 2157 1% 2 Pagel’s Bakery 1991 2'A 1 21i 2053 Mullen’s 1 1876 Ray’s Red Goose 1 2% 2 !■< .1876 Fin ’n Tail 1 Bowl-a-Fun 1 1755 2Vi Individual Leaders .186 M. Schwanke j 85 T. Zarling 171 D. Anderson 164 R. Schmidt 160 P. Eichmann

Away Trinity * Lakeland * Eureka * George Williams *

‘1 to

' ‘r

119

702

702 698 640 719 719 663 684 625 625 585

STUDENTS! CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS attention! auto supply

LUMBER & FUEL

WATNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, Inc., 404 Main Street BAKERIES PAGEL'S BAKERY, 114 West Main Street QUALITY BAKE SHOP, 104 Main Street BANKS BANK OF WATERTOWN, First and Main Streets MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK, 100 Main Street BARBERS POOLE'S BARBER SHOP, 5 Main Street BEVERAGES BADGER STATE BOTTLING CO., Watertown COCA - COLA PEPSI-COLA SEVEN-UP

HUTSON-BRAUN LUMBER CO., First Street WEST SIDE LUMBER CO., 210 Water Street MEAT MARKETS BlOCK'S MARKET, 112 Second Street JULIUS BAYER MEAT MARKET, 202 Third Street NEW YORK MARKET, 8 Main Street MEMORIALS ARCHIE BROTHERS, INC., 218 South First Street WATERTOWN MEMORIAL CO., INC., 112 Fourth St. MEN’S CLOTHING STORES CHAS. FISCHER & SONS, 2 Main Street KERN'S, 114 Main Street KRIER'S, 113 Main Street PENNEY'S, 201 Main Street MILLING GLOBE MILLING CO., 318 Water Street MUSIC GUTER MUSIC STORE, 109 N. Third Street LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS, 415 E. Main Street NEWSPAPER WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES, 115 W. Main Street OFFICE SUPPLIES MINAR OFFICE & SCHOOL SUPPLY. 407 Main Street ORGANS SCH.ICKER ORGAN CO., Inc., Buffalo 17, N. Y. PAINTS ALBRECHT'S BADGER PAINT, 208 Third Street CHAS. DAVID'S SONS, 306 Madison Street SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS, 208 Main Street WURTZ PAINT & FLOOR COVERING, 117 Main Street PHOTO FINISHERS CO-MO PHOTO CO., 217-219 N. Fourth Street PHOTOGRAPHS AL RIPPE, 113 Second Street LEMACHER STUDIO, 115 N. Fourth Street PIZZA EMIL'S PIZZA HUT, 414 E. Main Street FIN & TAIL, 108 S. Third Street PLUMBERS GUSE, INC., Highway 19, West WATERTOWN PLUMBING & HEATING, 103 W. Cady RADIO STATION WTTN, 104 W. Main Street

BOWLING ALLEYS BOWl-A-FUN, 766 N. Church Street

BILLIARDS DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION, 108 Second Street CHEESE MILWAUKEE CHEESE CO., Milwaukee, Wis. CLEANERS EASY WASH, First and Dodge Streets ONE HOUR MARTINIZING, 1 E. Main Street PARAMOUNT CLEANERS, 621 Main Street TOP CLEANERS, 114 S. First Street VOGUE CLEANERS, 412 Main Street CONCRETE TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO, Watertown

DAIRIES DAIRf LANE, Union Strv MULLEN'S, 212 W. Main c/ DRUG STORES BUSSE’S, 204 Main Streo DOERR DRUGS, West Mon Mroet MALLACH PHARMACY, 3 1 . ,i Street TETZIAFF PHARMACY, li6 /.ain Street EYE GLASSES Drs. H. E. MAGNAN, 410 Main Street FLOOR MAINTENAN: DURACLEAN OF WATERTOV. ■ 1322 Randolph Street FLORISTS BIRKHOLZ FLORAL SHOP, 6:6 Main Street LOEFFLER FLORAL SHOP, 20? W. Main Street FURNITURE H. HAFEMcISTER, 607 Main Street KECK FURNITURE CO., 110 Main Street GARAGES A. KRAMP CO., 617 Main Street DODGE STREET GARAGE, Inc., 311 Third Street MEL'S GARAGE, 110 N. Water Street SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc., 305 Third Street VOSS MOTORS, Inc., 301 W. Main Street WITTE, FARR and FROST, Inc., 119 Water Street GROCERIES & PRODUCE BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE, Beaver Dam COHEN BROTHERS, Inc., Fond du Lac HARDWARE & SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE STORE, 304 Main Street REX DRAHEIM, Inc., 107 Main Street D. & F. KUSEL CO., 108 W. Main Street INSURANCE AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS, Appleton CHURCH MUTUAL INS. CO., Merrill, Wis. BOB LESSNER, State Farm Mutual 1024 Bouahton St. LUTHERAN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Iowa READY AGENCY, 424 N. Washington Street WM. C. KRUEGER, 312 Main Street JEWELRY HERFF JONES CO., Bob Tesch, Repr., Neenah, Wis. SALICK JEWELRY, Main at Third Streets SCHNEIDER JEWELRY, 111 So. Third Street SCHOENIKE'S JEWELRY, 408 Main Street WARREN'S JEWELRY, 111 Main Street

RESTAURANTS EAST GATE INN, Old Hwy. 16 East LEGION GREEN BOWL, Oconomowoc Avenue L & L LUNCHEONETTE, 417 East Main Street SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN, 510 Main Street SHARP CORNER TAVERN. 9th & Main Streets WIL-MOR INN, 1500 Bridge Street ZWIEG'S GRILL, Main & Ninth Streets

SAVINGS & LOAN WATERTOWN SAVINGS & LOAN, 3rd & Madison SERVICE STATIONS BURBACH STANDARD SERVICE, 701 Main Street KARBERG'S, 501 S. Third Street SHOE STORES MEYER'S SHOE STORE, 206 Main Street RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE, 212 Main Street SHOE REPAIR ARPS SHOE SERVICE, 119 N. Second Street SMOKE SHOP PICADILLY, 406 Main Street SUNDRIES F. W. WOOLWORTH CO., 312-20 Main Street S. S. KRESGE, 209-211 Main Street TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO, 200 W. Main Street VICTOR NOWACK, 610 Cady Street THEATRES CLASSIC, 308 Main Street TRANSPORTATION OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO., Oconomowoc

■

J i

0GJ)fly Tnuoy m penes oT g^HRisTmns RBID0 UIITH yOU THROUGH HUG THS ySHR

'Black cud Bd Skf^

l*'

BOB TESCH, Repr.

WHERE

HERFF JONES CO.

CLASS RINGS - MEDALS - TROPHIES Graduation Announcements — Club Pins Yearbooks — Chenille Awards P. O. Box 663 — Neenah, Wisconsin Parkway 5-2583

CUSTOMERS

HA V E

THE

CORNER ON FOOD, DRINKS AND AMUSEMENT

TAVERN

smart

students save f

»r t

on car insurance with State Farm’s Good Student Discount! You may save 20% on your insurance (or your Dad's) if you’re a full-time student between 16 and 25, at least a Junior or in the 11th STATE FARM grade, and have a B average or equivalent. Ask about this famous State Farm discount! INSURANCE STATE FARM Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. Home Office: Bloomington, Illinois

ROBERT A. ‘bob’ LESSNER 1024 Boughton St. — Dial 261-3414 Watertown, Wisconsin

•*

EASY WASH COIN

LAUNDRY

Across From the A & P First and Dodge

Phone 261-9826

WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, INC. STOP IN AND SEE US ! 404 Main Street

Phone 261-4249

You Arc Looking at a

Larry Reich's

SALICK Original Design We Import Our Own DIAMONDS GIFTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS

WIL-MOR INN 1500 Bridge Street

Watertown

07i City U. S. Highway 16

EXPERT REPAIRS

WTTN FM

A /•/: 1580kc - 1000 Watts

104.7 me — 10,000 Watts

DAYTIME

ANYTIME

L & L LUNCHEONETTE - SERVING 6:00 a. m. to 7:00 p. m. Daily Sunday 6:00 a. m. to 1:30 p. m. 417 East Main St. — Watertown

Co-Mo Photo Company Photo Finishing — Cameras Black and White — Color “We Process Filins” 217 - 219 N. 4th Street Watertown Phone 261-3011

Duraclean of Watertown “FLOWER FRESH CLEANING” of Fine Furniture and Carpets Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Building Maintenance WAYNE STAUDE, OWNER

1322 Randolph St.

Dial 261-3350

ARCHIE

BROTHERS, INC. MONUMENTS

“The Best Need Not Be Expensive i

218 SOUTH FIRST STREET

LEMACHER STUDIO

Merchants National Bank “The Bank of Friendly Service”

115 N. Fourth Street

Drive-In & Free Parking Lot Phone 261-6607 MEMBER OF

"Graduation Portraits A Specialty”

FDIC & Federal Reserve System

Tetzlaff

Watertown Memorial Co., Inc.

Rexall Pharmacy

"THE BLOCKS" Quality Monuments, Markers and

Prescriptions — Drugs — Cosmetics

116 Main Street — Watertown Telephone 261-3009

PLUMBING & HEATING

Telephone 261-6545

Mausoleums 112 N. Fourth Street - Watertown Telephone 261-0914

GUSEf Inc. HIGHWAY 19, P. O. Box 392

RES:

: iTIAL

cor-.

r ClAL

INDUi ' IAL

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

lAllltCHT'll

...'..1 • • • • •

MASTERCRAFT PAINT VENETIAN BLINDS WINDOW SHADES GLASS-MIRRORS WALLPAPER

• • • • •

LIGHT FIXTURES WIRING SUPPLIES FLOOR COVERING FLOOR & WALL TILE GIFTS—DISHES—TOYS

ty’i&e. CiluncUeA a*t /hup Stye flab

RESIDENTIAL • INDUSTRIAL • COMMERCIAL

Sinclair, jmf

KARBERG'S SERVICE

Complete Service and Road Service Phone 261-5561 501 S. Third Street

(paqsd’A (Bahuiy Popcorn 114 W. Main Street

Potato Chips Watertown

•

Watertown

TO NORTHWESTERN STUDENTS:

^ede*ttfe£ia*t

$t.00

With the Purchase of Our

JOHN C. ROBERTS & KINGSWAY SHOES WITH HUSH PUPPIES

RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE Watertown, Wisconsin

COMPLETE CITY and COHEN BROTHERS, INC.

FARM STORE

Wholesale Fruits and Produce

GLOBE MILLING CO.

FOND DU LAC, WIS.

"SINCE 1 8 4 5" “House of Quality”

Phone 261-0810

Attractive Special Rates For Students

113 Second Street

Telephone 261-5072

■fill. <8PPE

The "READY" AGENCY 424 N. Washington Street —Watertown

Your OLDSMOBILE Dealer

ALMA AND JOE READY, AGENTS

Dial 261-2868 ALL KINDS OF INSURANCE Life Insurance — Notary Public — Bonds

utson Braun

DODGE STREET GARAGE, INC.

Wait?rtou)n, Hl/s

311 Third Street

Dial 261-5120

Watertown

HARDWARE - SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE,

“Garages, Remodeling and Kitchen Cabinets"

BRAUN BUILT HOMES

304 Main Street — Phone 261-4984

Mullen's Dairy •:

Malted Milks

Made Special For N.W. C. Students

20c

SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc.

! !

Watertown, Wisconsin

212 W. Main Street

30c

25c m-m-good

m-m-m

Phone 261-4278

CHARLES DAVID'S SONS “For 60 Years”

DODGE - DODGE DART

Glass Desk Tops

DODGE TRUCKS 305 Third Street

MAUTZ PAINT

Dial 261-2035

306 Madison Street

Watertown

Emil’s Pizze Hut LUMBER-COAL-COKE-FUEL OIL All Kinds

Building Materials

Free delivery

Open 4 p. i.i. till ? ?

Hot to your Door — Closed Tuesday

",Everything To Build Anything” 414 E. Main St. - Phone 261-5455

Dial 261-5676

HAFEMEISTER

Funeral Service i!8

FURNITURE

id H

"OUR SERVICE SATISFIES” Henry Hafemeiser, Roland Harder Ray Dobbratz 607-613 Main Street — Phone 261-2218

;1 St;.: ■

• :

i‘ ;;i \t

rll

THE STUDENT'S CHOICE Our Greatest Asset Is Your Satisfaction YOU SAVE ON QUALITY CLEANING 412 Main Street — Phone 261-6851

D. & F. KUSEL CO. 'ftywuUu&sie and /4frfolicLKce& Sfronting (fMcU cutci SINCE 1849 108- 112 W. Main Street

'■i.

RAMBLER

^laerr ^8 rags DAY & NIGHT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE

Telephone 261-7459

SALES AND SERVICE

A. KRAMP CO. Watertown — Phone 261-2771

GUYER MUSIC STORE MUSIC — RECORDS

F. W. Woolworth Co.

RADIOS — PHONOS

312-20 Main Street 109 North Third Street

To Health"

MILK

ICE CREAM

Watertown's First Grade A. Dairy 600 Union Street

Phone 261-3522

BLOCK'S MARKET

: MAIL ORDERS OUR SPECIALTY

112 Second Street Dial 261-2353 Watertown, Wisconsin

— Available at the Canteen —

Phevro1et

3arr an d <Jrodt, SCHOENICKE'S JEWELRY HAMILTON & BULOVA WATCHES Feature-Lock Diamond Rings Bulova Accutron Watches Expert Watch Repairing 408 Main Street — Phone 261-6836

nc.

STUDENTEN! Kommen Sie herein um unsere Pfeifen zu priifen DON'S PICADILLY SMOKE SHOP

(fyad.

& Sand

HOME OWNED

HOME MANAGED

Milwaukee Cheese Co. 770 North 220th Street

Brookfield, Wis.

MANUFACTURERS OF beer

KAESE & WUNDERBAR BRICK CHEESE COMPLETE LINE OF birds eye frozen food products

SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN HAMBURGERS — HOT DOGS FRIES — CHICKEN SHRIMP — FISH MALTS — SHAKES Serving Both Chocolate and Vanilla 510 Main Street — Phone 261-0774 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Rex Draheim, Inc. TIRE and SPORT HEADQUARTERS

Serving RESTAURANTS - SCHOOLS INSTITUTIONS - HOSPITALS in

Central Wisconsin

BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE CO. 306 South Center Street Beaver Dam, Wisconsin

Penneys ALWAYS FIRST QUALITY

HOME & AUTO SUPPLIES NORGE APPLIANCES

ADMIRAL & PHILCO T-V & RADIO

THE THRIFT CORNER

107 Main Street

Watertown

At Second and Main

IN WATERTOWN

Compliments of

BADGER STATE BOTTLING CO.

MIMAR

SUN-DROP COLA - DR. PEPPER

Office and School Supply

Watertown, Wisconsin

Watertown Savings and LOAN ASS'N.

WM. C. KRUEGER Has Specialized In

LAM

^lit

VfKUC'UUtce

"Since 1915"

Telephone 261-2094

3rd and Madison Streets

Watertown WYLER - HAMILTON - BULOVA WATCHES

Plumbing & Heating

KEEPSAKE DIAMONDS

103 W. Cady Street - Ph. 261-1750

111 Main Street

Watertown, Wisconsin

25% - 35% SAVINGS Helps You Insure Your Church Home Business More Adequately

â&#x2013;

; 1

}

MERRILL, WISCONSIN

! f

! ? i

Who's putting you through school?

f.i you’re “working your way”, it’s tough not enough hours in the day. If someone else is footing the bills, they cared enough to start saving a long time ago. And now is the perfect time for you to start saying — for your own retirement, or to provide a college education for the children you will have some day. Rates for your Lutheran Mutual insurance are lower now than they will ever be again for you. Every insurance dollar buys more .ccurity and provides more savings. Why not see your Lutheran Mutual agent and get all the details . . . soon.

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Waverly, Iowa

COCA - COLA SPRITE

TAB ■

SUNRISE

FLAVORS

!AVAILABLE AT THE CANTEEN

■<

TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO CO. Servicing Your Canteen With

School Supplies — Candy — Tobacco

(

Drugs — Paper Goods, etc.

Watertown

200 W. Main Street

MEYER'S SHOE STORE

One hour

mmnm

PEDWIN, ROBLEE & FREEMAN

CERTiFICS

THE MOST IN DRY CLEANING

SHOES FOR MEN

Fast Shirt and Laundry Service

10% Discount for Students

Phone 261-0824 1 East Main Street Watertown

206 Main Street

OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO. School Bus Transportation

Charter Trips

—

HAROLD KERR Phone LOgan 7-21S9

Route 1

OCONOMOWOC, WISCONSIN

FIN md TAIL

Dr. Harold E. Magnan Dr. Harold E. Magnan, Jr. OPTOMETRISTS

SI H 1 ■

Pizza — Fried Foods — Delicatessen 108 So. Third Street Dial 261-5210

■

410 Main Street — Watertown

READ THE

WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES For Local, State, National and World News SERVED BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL

■

; V

Victor G. Nowack WHOLESALE CANDY, GUM, SMOKER'S SUPPLIES

Compliments of

610 Cady Street

BURBACH

Phone 261-7051

Compliments of

GEISER POTATO CHIPS

Standard Service

and POPCORN

East Gate Inn

S. S. KRESGE'S

For Your

ONE STOP

Dining Pleasure

STUDENT SUPPLY HEADQUARTERS

East Gate Drive (Old Hwy. 16)

209-211 Main Street

SCHNEIDER JEWELRY

MEL'S GARAGE

Student Gift Headquarters Bulova — Elgin — Hamilton Caravelle Watches Columbia and Prince."*? Diamonds Expert Watch Repairing 111S. Third Street

Watertown

Automatic Transmission and General Repair Tel. 261-1848

'Dial 261-6769

110 N. Water St.

Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our Firm is proud to have built the new pipe organ in the College Chapel

Bowl - A - Fun 766 North Church Street Phone 261-2512

Most

Modern

the

State

ZWIEG'S

GRILL Fine Foods Open Daily

SANDWICHES BREAKFASTS HAMBURGERS PLATE LUNCHES BROASTED CHICKEN & CONES MALTS & SHAKES Phone 261-1922

904 East Main Street

TOP CLEANERS

MALLACH PHARMACY

Special Student Prices With This Ad

J. J. Mallach, r. ph.

Suits $1.00 Trousers 49£ 20% Discount on other cleaning (cash and carry) 114 S. First Street

Phone 261-3502

G. J. Mallach, r. pii. Phone 261-3717 — Watertown

In Watertown It's

JisihnA Smart Clothes for Men 114 Main Street

/iibhkolj, fylvuil Sltofi Flowers — Gifts — Potted Plants “We Telegraph Flowers* 616 Main Street — Phone 261-7186 Watertown, Wisconsin

Watertown

LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS 415 E. Main WATERTOWN

116 N. Main OCONOMOWOC

EVERYTHING IN MUSIC Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music

ART'S SHOE SERVICE

For Quality and Service Trade and Save at

Across From

DON'S NEW YORK MARKET

THE NEW MOOSE LODGE

SHOE REPAIR Fast Service — Reasonable Prices

Donald Sayler, prop. QUALITY MEAT and GROCERIES wholesale and retail

119 N. Second Street

Watertown

Phone 261-7516

8 Main Street

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS Everything in Paints and Wallpaper

-KECK FURNITURE

208 Main Street

Phone 261-4062

complete

COMPANY

HOME

FURNISHERS

FOR OVER A CENTURY

110-112 Main St. — Watertown

Watertown, Wisconsin

PHONE 261-7214

DUALITY BAKE SHOP

COMPLIMENTS OF Your Walgreen Agency Pharmacy

GEROLD OLSON, PROP.

High-Grade PASTRIES & CAKES 104 Main Street

Phone 261-4150

The Busse Pharmacy A. E. McFarland

R. E. Wills

PARAMOUNT CLEANERS For Cleaning Well Done - Dial 261-6792 ■

SPECIAL STUDENT PRICES

Leave Clothes with Russell Schmidt, Room 314 Pickup on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 621 Main Street — Watertown

Compliments of

"Maty it with /1}l&weAi"

DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION Lunches

LOEFFLER QIqjuU Shop

Billiards 202 W. Main Street — Phone 261-2073

108 Second Street

i ■

xeiAXArjyf

Classic

WATERTOWN

The Finest In Family Entertainment

From A Friend

Newly Remodeled

LEGION GREEN BOWL

TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO.

'hJdt&UoumUL Place la Cat Closed Tuesdays Steaks — Chicken — Sea Foods

MATERIALS ACCURATELY Proportioned and Thoroughly Mixed To Your Specifications

FACILITIES FOR PRIVATE PARTIES & BANQUETS

1413 Oconomowoc Ave— Dial 261-9878

Phone 261-0863

Watertown

POOLE’S BARBER SHOP 4 Chairs Fast - Efficient Service 5 Main Street

Phone 261-2906

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

/Bank oft tOatsiJdowi The Bank With The Time & Temperature WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Over 105 Years of Service !

VOSS MOTORS, INC.

: V.

Julius Bayer Meat

LINCOLN and MERCURY

DEALING IN

COMET

MEATS and SAUSAGES

301 W. Main Street — Phone 261-1655 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

of All Kinds 202 Third Street watertown Dial 261-7066 watertown

, 1.

. ;V

WURTZ

PAINT AND FLOOR COVERING

One Stop Decorating Center Corner 2nd & Main Sts. — Phone 261-2860

; :*

KRKR'5 $1<rt,Z fart. Mists

113 Main Street

Watertown

THE BIRTHDAY OF CHRIST Unisturns is a time for gifts, for greetings, for warmth and cheer arid love. It is a happy time for children, a sentimental time for adults. Christmas is also music and laughter and color. But most important, Christmas marks the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ in a manger at Bethlehem. We must never forget that this is the realjoy of Christmas. With the 715,000 members of Aid Associationfor Lutherans, we wish you a most Blessed Christmas Season.

AAL Forrest E. Winters, FIC 320 McMillen St. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

Clarence R. Ferg, FIC P. 0. Box 322 Watertown, Wisconsin

!' .

the

BLACK and RED

^or nolo foe see fljrouglf a glass, ftarfely; ^But iljen face to face.

(I Cor. 13:12) FEBRUARY 1964

•V

CONTENTS EDITORIAL Qui Mores ..........................................

.A. W.

120

J. L.

121

Poem: A New Year’s Toast.......

John Braun .....

122

Reflections on Crossword Puzzles

.Alan Siggelkow

123

Our New Professor

..................P. K. .

124

To Rebuild A Nation

.Erhard Opsahl .

125

Cartoon

John Trapp .....

126

,D. G.

Moby Dick................................

127

Poem: Number 37.................

John Trapp

128

Poem: Life of Man I............

.G. Lemke ...

128

Folk Singing Scores Success NEWS

.L. S.

129

J. M.

130

ALUMNI NOTES ..................

131

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM

132

SPORTS

133

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ___ _ .............. Editor Lynn Schroeder _____.... .... Assistant Editor Amo Wolfgramm........... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart____ _____ Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck........ _______ Alumni Karl Peterson __ _ --------------Sports Fred Fedke_______ .... ............. ........ Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz______ ______ Business Manager Paul Kelm ____ _____ ______ Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt ___ ............. Advertising Manager ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MAHER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

February 1964 COVER BY FRED FEDKE PHOTOGRAPHS BY PAUL KANTE

No. 6

fidiioAml semester break time, and I was iin onMilwaukee. my way home to spend a few days Having gotten off the Grey t was

hound bus, I crossed the street and waited for a city bus to take me the rest of the way home. Although the sun was shining, the wind was blowing with strong gusts, and I pushed my hat down tighter on my head. Another young man with a suitcase and laundry bag was already standing on the comer waiting for the bus. It didn’t take a detective to surmise that he was al so a student. I asked him if he went to school in Madison. He answered in the affirmative and added that he was majoring in ge ology. When he found out that I was studying for the ministry, the subject turn ed to religion. He told ;uc that he had been baptized and confirmed in a Lutheran church in Milwaukee. ! knew the church he was speaking of — a congregation affili ated with the Lutheran Church in America. After his confirmation it seems he had lost interest in his church and had become an agnostic. He added that a course in philosophy at UW had also affected his religious thinking. “Well,” I thought to myself, “here’s an other young man ‘spoiled through philoso phy’ and separated from Christ through contact with a Christless academic so ciety.” You might imagine how surprised I was to find that this fellow’s philosophy course was not making more of an atheist out of him but more of a God-fearer! Al though not exactly a Christian, he had turned from agnosticism and had found some religious and intellectual consolation in philosophy. He proceded to mention several mo dem philosophers whom he had studied. Embarassed, I commented briefly on a few of them whose names I had heard. If it took' life in a public university in stead of his church to change this Luther an young man’s mind about atheism, some one very definitely must have failed this 120

fellow. Someone was responsible for let ting him get so far off the track. Not knowing the situation, I couldn’t say upon whom the failure lies. One hesitates to judge anyone in particular, especially his pastor. One thing is certain, however. As fu ture pastors we will be filling positions of responsibility and will be confronted by similar situations. In addition to laying a solid foundation through confirmation in structions, we are going to have to give sound and convincing answers to young people who are being educated in a god less society. And a mere pious statement won’t be enough for a university graduate. He’ll want to know exactly where and how Scripture disagrees with the philosophy he’s heard in the classroom. If his pastor is unable to answer his inquiries, he’ll have good reason to lose faith in his pastor. This could finally lead to a complete re jection of Christianity. The lesson for us seems obvious. It is one of the best arguments I’ve heard yet for a liberal arts education for pre-theological students. It’s up to us to prepare our selves to met our contemporaries, who are getting more and more higher education. It is necessary for us to apply ourselves diligently to all our courses. We can’t af ford not to take advantage of every pos sible opportunity to learn about the world were living in. It’s up to us. Not one of us would care to put his life into the hands of a surgeon who’d got ten through medical school with a mini mum of preparation. It works the same way with pastors. Several years from now the Holy Ghost will be using us as His mouthpieces. People may be saved or lost depending on the way we handle their wavering faith and on how we answer their questions. This in turn will depend upon how diligently we have prepared our selves for work in the church. Immortal, blood-bought, priceless souls lie in the bal ance. It’s up to us. And now is the time a. w. to prepare.

' ; .1 ■

QUI MORES? I n a recent cover story one of America’s ■ widely read weekly newsmagazines took up the subject of Mores and Morality in the United States and dealt at length with a supposed revolution in national social be havior. In the course of this article, which cautiously acknowledged the emerging su premacy of a reborn Eros-cult, the Protes tant clergy was quoted in behalf of the new order as saying that our young people need no longer ask themselves the question, “Is it morally right or wrong?” A preferred question would be: “Is it meaningful, soci ally feasible, personally healthy, reward ing, or enriching?” This statement reflects a transition in moral attitude which unfor tunately has passed beyond the limit of what is encouraging. No one mourns the passing of the iron clad code of the Vic torians which all but eliminated the word right from a choice between right and wrong. But neither should one applaud an unilateral revocation of the letter and spirit of the Sinaitic Law. There remains an un alterable body of decrees which simply states, “Thou shalt,” and “Thou shalt not.” There is no debating them. The Ten Com mandments stand solidly a part of God’s revelation. Still for many there seems to be a prob lem as to what a Christian should accept as a basis for living in the 20th century. At first glance there seems to be so much not covered explicitly in the Bible. The codes of the past just don’t seem to fit any more. Unanimity among friends and fami ly doesn’t exist. What is to be done?

With the opening of the 20th century a cultural shift was evidently making itself known in the larger industrial complexes of our nation. As the frontier closed, America’s national purpose became less dedicated to toil and more to leisure. To day this shift is nearly complete. John Q. American bargains for shorter hours, long er vacations, a carefree old age, and lots of money to spend. The Census Bureau reveals that expenditures for leisure are speedily overtaking those for living ex penses. And it has been a long time since the annual sale of liquor and beer fell short of the amount contributed to church organizations. The most important clause in the Preamble to the Declaration of In dependence is no longer life or liberty, but the pursuit of happiness. This predomi nant hedonism is the American culture’s foremost contribution to the new code.

Culture’s other notable contribution has been the liberation of women. From the pedestal of medieval chivalry to the sub missive dependence of V i orian ignorance to the equality of Susan Anthony, the wo man has moved up slovviy to within a step of her masculine counterpart in both work and leisure. In choosing their philosophy the new moralists have rejected the traditional Christian heritage. A great sector of Ameri can religious thought is a mere echo of the material demands of the people. It no lon ger remains fashionable to preach sin. The Church has rather chosen to be the instru ment of upper class philanthropy, middle Cerst it might be worthwhile to under- class respectability, and lower class amuse ■ stand the nature of moral codes — the ment. Popular ecumenicalism is the mir kind adopted by societies and incorporated ror image of our nation’s bustling push in the laws. There are two basic compon toward cosmopolitan homogeneity. Much ents. First, there is the cultural environ as the element of ethnic individualism is ment which makes certain demands and fast disappearing from our population, the poses certain problems. This environment vital strengths of our better churches are is the raw material which a moralist must fading from view. Below the deceptively cast in the mold of his moral philosophy. placid surface of unity, confusion and hy Philosophy and cultural environment thus pocrisy run rampant. The eventual con become the two elementary ingredients of clusion of many is that everything goes as a moral code. When one or another of the long as it wears the gown and clerical col components change or die out, the same lar. The moralist has rightly discerned the fate eventually accompanies the code. Just voluntary surrender of organized Christi such a change has precipitated the claim anity’s right to effective moral pronounce that there is need for a new code. ment. 121

To fill the void the prophet of the antiVictorians, Sigmund Freud, and his follow ers have effectively drummed up enough enthusiasm for their teachings to dictate the “philosophy” of modern morals. Freud insists that the cardinal sin is prohibition itself. Man should not repress himself. A free expression of passion and appetite is tantamount to achieving happiness and perfect social adjustment. Add to this the American axiom of man’s right to be his own law, and there emerges a perfect mold for the raw material of our cultural cli mate — leisure and pleasure. The affluent society arrives at the conclusion that it can have its cake and eat it too. The Christian looks at the new moral • climate with mixed cmotioins. He is forced to allow the emergence of a new cultural emphasis, yet he cannot accept a substitute for the Ten Commandments. As has been said, this is ours by divine revela tion. Ideally, the Christian should have no problem defining the philosophy” of his moral code. But, sine-: man is by nature spiritually blind, erro have and will creep in. The medieval char-. ' extended its fear of immorality to the point where it de manded celibate conch . on the part of duly married lay coo. os for over half of the year. St. Augustine proclaimed lust as the fateful “apple” ci Eden. Peter Lom bard could gravely condemn love in mar riage as a mere tolerable evil necessary for the continuation of the species. In each in stance there is an unwarranted extension of the injunction found in the Ten Com mandments. Strict adherence to precisely what the Scripture says without private in terpretation is of prime importance. A more difficult assignment is to deter mine the demands of culture on a Christi an’s standard for living. No one would be rash enough to say that life is outwardly the same today as it was in Paul’s or Luth er’s time. The scope of a prohibition may enlarge or decrease depending upon the

gravity, refinement, and prevalence of the prohibited evil from culture to culture. Take apostasy for example. In the pagan culture of imperial Rome, which openly persecuted the Church, apostasy w a s a very real problem. Councils were called for the sole purpose of determining to wliat lengths a Christian was expected to go in confessing his faith under fire. Today under the protective umbrella of Ameri can religious freedom there is virtually no need for any moral pronouncements in this field. Prohibitions may even extend in the eyes of society to activities not wrong themselves but merely conducive to that end. Even items of offense can fall within a code to protect the sensitivity of the weak. A sister in the faith seen with cut hair in first century Rome would have been denied the sacrament. Her action was synonymous with declaring herself a pros titute. The stigma against “bobbed” hair has stuck tenaciously even up to the times of our grandparents, yet today none of us would morally condemn a woman for crop ped hair. The Christian’s answer to his own un* certainty and the bold declaration of the new code that there is no longer a dif ference between right and wrong lies in a penetrating analysis of the moral code handed down to us from the previous gen eration. Does the code rely on the Bible alone or does it lapse into subjective inter pretation as the medieval Church did ? Does our present cultural environment warrant modifications in the scope of our prohibitions? Do we insist on taking need less offense? All these questions can and may be answered with a positive applica tion of the Law as God gave it and as we in love return our best. Our persistent goal must be to preserve that spirit, not destroy it, and yet in all avoid the fault of the Pharisees who stagnated in a con gestion of legalistic anachronisms.

A NEW YEAR’S TOAST To the passing, To the coming, To truth, To peace But most to hope. JOHN BRAUN, ’65 122

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REFLECTIONS ON CROSSWORD PUZZLES

obody seems to know exactly when or ■ ^ where crossword puzzles were introduced. I suppose they became popular about the time that people became educated enough to try to work them and when they had enough leisure to devote to the intri cacies of a crossword puzzle. People like to work crossword puzzles because of an inward desire to do some thing successfully, and to feel the pride and satisfaction of a job well done. Cross word puzzles also have a great educational value. One can leam many new and inter esting words from working them and can greatly increase his vocabulary, if he does n’t give up out of sheer frustration before he has completed his first puzzle. Men who make up crossword puzzles are eggheads who love to fool and trick other people. Basically they are snobs who feel a deep need to prove that they are su perior by putting together a puzzle that is so tricky and difficult that only fellow egg heads and cheaters can work them success fully. These tricky eggheads consider the cheaters to be on an even lower level than the average frustrated puzzle worker. Cheaters, by the way, are those people who look in the back of the puzzle book to find the answer when they get stuck. Cheaters save time and successfully complete more puzzles than other people, who very seldom complete any puzzle without long hours of frustration. But cheaters do not continue to work puzzles very long because by cheating they have lost the thrill of work ing against the challenge which crossword puzzles represent, and they also have lost the thrill of accomplishment which comes to a person after he has successfully com pleted a puzzle by using only honest and above-board methods. Therefore, only a small minority composed of the tricky egg heads are able to complete the more diffi cult crossword puzzles successfully. But crossword puzzles are still an edu cational experience, even if they are never completed. Therefore everyone is urged to try them. For those of you who should decide to try them I have some handy litde maxims. These maxims are guaranteed to make your ventures into the realm of the tricky

eggheads much more enjoyable and edu cational, providing, of course, that you are not the tricky egghead type and are nor mally not inclined towards cheating. The first thing that a prospective puzzle worker should do is to get himself a good, sound, classical education, such as we ob tain here at Northwestern. This will only take him eight years and it will greatly facilitate his ability to work the puzzles. I will even go so far out on a limb as to state that this classical background will give you an average of one or two words out of every one hundred forty in a cross word puzzle. After you have the necessary educa tional background you arc ready to start working crossword puzzles. Your big day has arrived! But I advise you not to start with the hard puzzles. Start small and work your way towards the harder ones. It is much better to start wii ii the easy puz zles and therefore lessen your chances of becoming frustrated and quitting before you have gotten any value out of your en deavor. I suggest that for your first venture you purchase a book of crossword puzzles for first and second graders. With this sugges tion I am taking it for granted that you have completed your classical education. If you have not done so, 1 am afraid that you will have to start with pre-school puz zles. Page through the book until you find one that looks fairly easy and start to work on it. You are now on your way toward many hours of fun, education and frustra tion. If after several hours of intense con centration you are unable to successfully complete your first choice, try several oth ers. Do not give up on your first try. Noththing good is gained without some sweat, you know. If you cannot complete these either, I suggest that you try working pre-school puzzles or, better yet, retake your eight years of classical education. You must have missed something along the way. After you have completed your first and second grade books, work your way up through the grades until you are ready for the tough ones which are invented by the tricky eggheads. Then you will be face to

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face with the fun and challenge of the real thing. Well, not really face to face with it; your English dictionaries, various foreign language dictionaries, lexicons, encyclope dias, rabbit’s feet, and bottles of aspirins and high blood pressure pills must be ar ranged on your desk before you are able to see the book of puzzles. After you have completed these tough ones, you should have acquired a very good vocabulary and you should be able to talk quite intelligently, using many of

your newly acquired big words. But by using these big words you will become un intelligible to Mr. Average American. You will be considered a snob and an egghead whenever you show off your new found vocabulary. Having now become an egghead, how ever, you are ready to try your hand at composing your own crossword puzzles. But that is a whole new subject. ALAN SIGGELKOW, ’65

OUR NEW PROFESSOR

In a special chapel service conducted by • President Toppe shortly before the se mester break, Mr. Sylvester Quam was in stalled as professor of English in the high school department. This position is a new rather than a vacated one and brings the number of Northwestern’s permanent pro fessorships to 23. Professor Quam comes to us from Trinity Congregation of Neenah where he was serving as principal of the grade school. The son of a machinist, Prof. Quam was born in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, in 1928. Here he obtained both his elemen124

tary and secondary education in the public school system. His education at Dr. Martin Luther College was interrupted by an emer gency call. Since then he has attended the University of Wisconsin, Concordia at River Forest, and Oshkosh State, where he is presently working in English literature. Among his interests at school were mu sic and dramatics, interests which he has cultivated and in which he still finds en joyment. Prof. Quam has always been an avid reader. His work in the teaching field began at Algoma, Wisconsin, where he served for four years before accepting a call to Free dom. After a two-year tenure there, he moved to Neenah. Eleven years at Neenah endeared this town to him, for four years ago he married a Neenah girl. He and his wife Judith have one child, a daughter Lisa. They are now living in a rented home on the northeast side of Watertown. Several of the hobbies and interests of Prof. Quam are music, reading, travel, and collecting antiques. His work as a play ground director during the summer has al so been an interesting experience. Prof. Quam comes to Northwestern with little previous knowledge or impres sion of our school. Beginning at mid-year in a different type of teaching presents a challenge, one which he is eager to accept. His education, reading, and interest in the field of literature will enhance the value of the English courses of Sexta, Quarta, and Tertia. The future may find him put ting his musical background to work here. We welcome Prof. Quam and his family, and wish him God’s blessings in his new p. K. c ailing.

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TO REBUILD A NATION T he exploitation of a nation’s youth is * one of the constituent parts of the code of the leftist world in its quest for world supremacy. This tactic has been utilized by numerous individual powers in past his tory to strengthen and build for themselves a more solid and more permanent place in this world. The Communists see how im portant it is to train and indoctrinate its youth in the current cold war struggle. Hitler did the same. The government which succeeded the Hitler regime in Germany quickly realized the important part youth would play in the revitalization of its own country. If Ger many were ever again to raise its head in the political and economic world, it would be up to its youth to salvage Deutschland from its ashes. At first the problem seemed almost in surmountable. Over 6.5 million children and young people, who either had lost one or both parents in the war, or whose fath ers were disabled through the war, or who had been driven from their homelands, burdened the new West German republic after the surrender. Eighty thousand min ors lost one of their parents through di vorce each year in the initial years after the end of the war. Some 40% of all young people showed signs of neurotic disturb ances caused by wartime the experiences. Twenty-three percent of the persons suf fering from venereal diseases were juve niles. Approximately 250,000 young people were roaming and loafing throughout the Western part of Germany without a job. The most pressing problem, however, was the spiritual and moral need of the German youth. This need is characterized by such terms as: loneliness, hopelessness, a lack of moral standards, and a distrust of the world of authority. What to do ? As early as the fall of 1946 there were 2,000 local youth groups. By 1947 there were 10,000. They were set up somewhat like those in pre-Hitler days, but were more concerned with the social, cultural and edu cational spheres than the earlier groups. Variations from gardening clubs to girl guide clubs mark the individualistic trend of the young German in post-war times. In 1961 over one half of all the young

people in the West German republic be longed to youth organizations or other sim ilar institutions. The first idea was to incorporate the German youth into society, both socially and vocationally. The government wanted to give the young, roving citizens roots and a home. Many youth villages and centers were set up to insure the welfare of the youngsters at first and then to teach them a trade. All this was to instil in youth a purpose in life by making them aware of their importance in actively sharing in the responsibility of State and society. In ten years, more than one million passed thru these centers. On December 18, 1950, Chancellor Adenauer announced a program called the Federal Youth Plan, which was to have a range of ten years. Its aim was to help the youth develop bodily, intellectually, moral ly, and professionally to fulfill its respon sibilities. Political education and the in corporation of young refugees into the so cial and professional worlds were two ma jor concerns of this plan. More than $100. 000,000 was used in its first ten years of operation, and more is continually being set aside by the government to further its success. Hitler had some 1200 youth hostels in operation during his regime, but only 275 were usable after destruction ceased in Germany. Now there are 740 hostels which can accommodate more than eight million young people annually. Another problem is the social disad vantage of the peasant-farming class in Germany. These people are characterized by a lack of education, training, trade, and the means to make a living as they con tinue to stream into the cities. Nearly 2/3 of a million dollars is being spent yearly for educating these people from the country. Special measures in educating girls both for jobs and family life have been un dertaken. Three hundred thousand dollars are used annually for helping young en gaged and married couples in married-life education. The government takes it upon itself to protect the youth in the fields of literature,

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film, and music consumption. Because of shorter working hours, the youth is enjoying more free time. Bad films and trashy literature are banned. Centers for instruction in the arts and music have been set up. Special prizes for those who can show their creative powers in litera ture and art are awarded. In cinema the aters special non-commercial films educate the country in the care of youth (for example, The Danger of Traffic and Children). From 1950 to 1956 the main purpose of the governmental plans was to remove the acute needs of the young post-war generation. Now it is attempting to initiate reforms in the lives of the youth and to help them wherever they need it. Basically all laws concerning the youth

critical years of development; the education of adults in youth protection; the obligation of the State to give encouragement to young people even after they have left school; and State cooperation with youth organizations, The sporting enthusiasts are many, too. In 1957 there were 26,116 sports clubs with a total membership of 4,309,524, of whom 933,638 were female. It is evident that the physical needs of Germany’s youth are also well cared-for. In this systematic way Germany again has been able to rebuild itself from almost nothing. Its youth has been revitalized and seems to be as healthy and strong as before the last war, both mentally and physically. All facts in this article were obtained from

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MOBY DICK

“To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme.” We should keep these words uppermost in our mind, as we begin our brief examination of the chief product of Melville’s imagination. Throughout history man has displayed a powerful attraction for adventure and travel. This found its first great expression in Homer’s Odyssey. This literary wander ing symbolized the new age. It was the age of the Phoenician and Greek coloniza tions. In modem times Prince Henry’s search for a route to the east, the general movement westward, and perhaps man’s scientific endeavors were impelled by this same force. Closely akin to the fascination for exploration is the boundless mvstery, which the ocean presents. Since the sea occupies three-fourths of the globe, it has always been an object of man’s specula tion. The vast expanse of water has awed men for ages. Man possesses in his im mediate imagination no power which ex ceeds that of the raging sea. These two in extricably entwined elements proride the basic appeal of Moby Dick. These are not enough, however. Mel ville had to find an agent which would in corporate these and at the same time sus tain the action. He found his primemover in “the ancient and honoured pro fession of whaling.” Whaling suited Mel ville’s purpose, because it gave him the scope he needed. It gave him the chance to spread his story of pursuit over the seven seas. Ay, and what a pursuit it was. He pictures for us all the brutal reality of the hunt. We are with mad Ahab as he lowers away amid the snapping sharks to pursue the object of his hatred. Upon first reading the book, one is of ten annoyed by the seemingly excessive amount of extraneous material. The thrill of the hunt is interrupted by such a thing as a discourse on the herd or on species of the whale. This is a fault of Melville, which cannot be overlooked. But there are several reasons why he wrote in this manner. By this means he conveys to the reader an impression of reality. The in clusion of such material affords a relief from Ahab’s relentless pursuit of the white whale. No author could effectively main tain such lofty action without some re-

taxation of tension, both for himself and the reader. This material provides the dep th that a “mighty book” must possess. An important element in any book is its language. The sound of the language corresponds to the tenor of the work. Mel ville used such archaic words as “ere,” “anon,” and “nigh” to give his book a grave tone. He was trying to achieve the same effect that Milton obtained through the use of rare words and Latinisms in Para dise Lost. Especially recurrent are the words “portentous” and “leviathan,” These remind one of the stock epithets of Homer. The work abounds in rich similes and pregnant metaphors. In the soliloquies of Ahab we can sense an expression worthy of the greatest drama. It is comparable to that shattering moment when Lear finds himself abandoned on the heath or when Oedipus fully realizes the magnitude of his guilt. The spirit and figure of Ahab permeate the entire work. At first we only hear of Ahab, and it is not until we are far out at sea that he makes his apearance. He is an old man, whose face is marked with a livid white scar, to which no one of the crew ever alludes. His eyes have that penetrat ing stare, so common with the old. The most prominent aspect of his features is his ivory leg. This leg is a constant re minder to Ahab of the purpose of the voy age. He asks only one question of every ship he mets, “Have you seen the white whale?” His hatred becomes so intense that it destroys all other feelings. This ob session finally becomes a living part of him. His will completely overpowers the rest of the crew; they act merely as his ap pendages. In his final encounter with the whale, it is the force of his will, not of his flesh, that sustains him. Like Lear his character is submerged in a titanic strug gle. Finally Ahab is Ahab no longer, and in his place we have personified madness. This book has the qualities of an epic. In it Melville has created a new myth with symbolic representations all its own. The chief symbols are of course Ahab and the white whale. The struggle between them is of universal significance. It could represent the favorite theme of the Greeksthat of the will of man versus Fate. More

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probably it represents the struggle of man against physical nature. Closely connected with this is man’s futile effort to subdue the forces of nature. It could stand for man uncertainly facing a universe that has been despiritualized. I think the last is most nearly correct, if we recall that Moby Dick was published within a year of Dar-

win’s Origin of the Species. The book captures well the spirit of its own age and of the present age. Ahab challenges the natural order and is destroyed. His destruction might well serve to warn us that man can not stand alone in this world and survive. D. G.

NUMBER 37 Thou mighty Bacchus ! Dip thy cup, A forged ware, Into that brimming sea. So vend the gall And agony Of pasing joy And fleeting love To fickle man. But then, alas — No aged butt Of Grecian brew Or Falem’ wine Can drown thy soul In passive bliss, But only sets The futile goal Of Nature’s man — Not God’s elect. JOHN TRAPP, ’66

LIFE OF MAN I The life of a man is one lonely drop Which flows down the river of time. A child, he lives in some laughing brook And grows till he reaches his prime. Exultant in pride, his burdens he bears, He shouts as he runs unhanded by cares, And falls in the end to the sea. g. lemke,

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’66

FOLK SINGING SCORES SUCCESS T he unusually warm weather of Janu■ ary, 1964, upset Winter Carnival plans for a number of Wisconsin colleges this year, and Northwestern was among them. As a result our first Winter Carnival was a somewhat abortive effort. The festiv ities were scheduled for February 1, but a lack of snow and freezing temperatures caused the conventional activitiees of a Winter Carnival to be cancelled. Snow sculpture was impossible, and the skating

rink that had been constructed on the athletic field by students vanished as the temperatures climbed. The day was considered a success by all, however, and was highlighted by a program of folk-singing in the gymnasium that evening. Two groups entertained for an enthusiastic audience. They were Joey Putzer and the Encores, a trio from Osh kosh State College, and the Tuxedos, from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Both groups sang well and evoked a spirit of fun from the audience. The Encores received a warm recep-

tion after their introduction by Howard Festerling. All three members displayed professional talent, whether singing as a trio or soloing. Their repertoire included popular songs like “The Marvelous Toy” and “Marching to Pretoria” and also sever al special arrangements. One original composition entitled “Nursery Rhymes” employed three simple verses from Mother Goose and ingeniously developed a folk song from them. Among their other num bers were “Railroad Bill,” “When Johnny Comes Marching Home,” and “Duberry Done Gone Again.” The leader of the group, Joey Putzer, also sang a series of solo numbers. Mr. Putzer has had some experience as a pro fessional entertainer and showed a re markable talent to express a variety of emotions as he performed. His songs ranged from the standard ballads such as “Danny Boy” and “Delia’s Gone” to one of his personal favorites entitled “Old Blue.” The second group, the Tuxedos, charm ed everyone by their wit and high spirits, and their delightful, spontaneous humor captured the fancy of the audience. Their flair for comedy made the audience feel that they were having every bit as much fun as the singers. The Tuxedos limited

their program to songs popularized by the commercially successful Kingston Trio, Chad Mitchell Trio, the Limeliters, and Peter, Paul, and Mary. Among their best were “Drill, Ye Tarriers, Drill,” “Road to Freedom,” “Rum by Gum,” and “The Whistlin’ Gypsy.” The high point of the evening occured

when the two groups joined forces to lead the audience in group singing. The aud ience was delighted to show off its collec tive talents and responded with vigor. Special credit for the program should be given to Verdell Tassler, who headed a student committee that was in charge of the Winter Carnival and was responsi-

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ble for engaging the talents of the two groups. Judging by student reaction, the first Winter Carnival gave evidence that it was able to enlist enough support to merit serious consideration as an annual affair. We hope that this initial effort will lead bigger and better Carnivals every year. l. s.

Musical Activities January and February were months of many and varied musical activities on campus, offer ing something to practically every musical taste. The first was the presentation of Part I of Handel’s Messiah by the Northwestern Fes tival Chorus on the afternoon and evening of January 12. Under the direction of Prof. Ar nold Lehmann, the group, organized last year, gave a superb performance to an apprecia tive audience. The second and third parts of the Messiah are to be presented in April. On the following Sunday, January 19th, Northwestern was privileged to present an or gan concert by Pi d Bruce Backer of Dr. Martin Luther College. Selections by Bach made up the first half of the program; the lat ter portion consisted of works by several com posers of the late 19th and 20th centuries. This was the first such organ recital given on the college organ. Those attending were able to witness the organ's full potentiality brought to life by an accomplished organist. These months were also a time of prepara tion for the coming Male Chorus tour, which this year will center mainly in Michigan and touch on parts of Illinois and Ohio. On the Sunday of February 2, the Male Chorus sang for a morning service at the Waupun State Penitentiary. The presentation was an oppor tunity to perform some of the numbers to be sung on tour. An innovation of last year which again was very popular this year was the Pops Concert. Held on the 9th of February, the program fea tured both the Band and the Male Chorus. The Band presented numbers ranging in style from the works of Jerome Kern to those of Tschaikovsky, and included tenor saxophone and tuba solos by senior band members. In general, the music was of a popular variety. Rounding out the program, the Male Chorus 130

blended their efforts in a number of college songs. It appears as if this concert will become an annual feature and one to be looked forward to. Forum Presentation On February 6 the Forum production en titled Forum On yVor\ explored a field of great interest to Northwestern students, name ly summer employment. Arranged by John Ibisch, the program took the form of a panel discussion or symposium. Four businessmen from the fields of canning, heavy industry, camping, and the tourist trade were present, representing their own particular sphere of work. Questioning and discussing the matter with these gentlemen were four college stu dents. They obtained beneficial information about the procedure for obtaining summer work and what various employers expect and have to offer. The coming Forum production of February 20, The American Comedy Scene, should al so be of special interest. This production, un der the direction of Paul Kelm, will present a cross section of American comedy during the last fifty years by means of humorous scenes and narration. Plan now to attend. Progress Another time-honored tradition has fallen by the wayside at Northwestern. Dean Leyrer, considering the situation which the new cur riculum has produced, moved by the frequent complaints of students, and having the support of the Dorm Council, repealed the breakfast rule. This action was taken at the beginning of January and will be in effect for a trial peri od. Students who have a first period class are no longer compelled to be present at 7:00 a.m. in the refectory. Instead, each collegiate can decide for himself whether or not he wants to attend breakfast. He can indicate his intention the previous night on a breakfast-skip list.

AAL Scholarship Awards The annual presentation of Aid Association for Lutherans scholarship awards was made on February 4th. Mr. Forrest Winters, Fort At kinson, General Agent for the Aid Associa

tion in this area, represented the organization and distributed the awards. The following stu dents received scholarships for the 1963-64 school year:

Back Row, Left to Right: Daniel Deutschlander, Senior, St. Paul, Minnesota; Fred Fedke, Senior, Milwaukee; Dennis Hayes, Junior, Lincoln, Michiagn; Philip Geiger, Junior, Watertown; Ronald Gorske, Freshman, Denmark; John Mittelstaedt, Sophomore, Oshkosh; Harlan Kuschel, Fresh man, N. Fond du Lac. Front Row, Left to Right: David Dolan, Fresh man, Zion, 111.; John Braun, Junior, St. Paul,

Minnesota; William Balza, Senior, Madison; Dennis Enser, Sophomore, Freeland. Michigan; Paul Stuebs, Junior, Brillion; Floyd Brand, Sophomore Metamora, Ohio; John Vogt. Freshman, Braden ton, Florida. Absent: Dallas Beckner, Junior, Norfolk, Nebraska. Seated Left to Right: Mr. Winders of the A.A.L. and N.W.C. President Carletor Toppe.

dhimni TloiM

CALLS Pastor G. Jerome Albrecht, ’46, formerly of Trinity Lutheran Church, Eugene, Oregon, has accepted a call to serve Martin Luther Lutheran Church, Neenah, Wisconsin. Pastor Paul Eichmann, '50, was installed on Dec 8, 1963> at Siloah Lutheran Church, Mil waukee, Wisconsin. He had served at Zion Lutheran Church, Crete, Illinois. Pastor Paul Hartwig, ’43, who formerly was in charge of Martin Luther Lutheran Church, Neenah, Wisconsin, has accepted a call to Zion Lutheran Church, South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was installed on Dec. 15, ’63. Pastor Norman Barenz, ’47, was installed at Our Savior Lutheran Church, Zion, Illinois, on February 2, 1964. He had served St. John Lutheran Church, Burlington, Wisconsin. BIRTH A son was born to Pastor and Mrs. Mark Liesner, *60, on July 21, 1963.

DEDICATION Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington, dedicated a new parsonage on January 5th, 1964. WEDDING Martin Scheele, ’62, to Sandra Schwabenlander, Dec. 28, 1963, at Siloah Lutheran Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. CHORUS TOUR Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Chorus will go on tour from March 25 through April 4 in die Far West. The Chorus will give fourteen sacred concerts in the outlying Arizona-California Districts in order to proclaim the Gos pel in song and to give Seminary students and our congregations in this region an op portunity to get acquainted. Concerts will be given at the Indian Mission, in Phoenix, Tuscon, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.

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QampuA «n, QlaAAhoom Life and Death get up to sing? What is the relationship between the “and” in line 2 SUN. SUN. TUES. SAT. THURS. FRI. SAT. and the “and” in line 4? In your words, 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 why is this a satisfactory form? * 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 2. A recent observer has said that Shakes 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 peare is full of cliches. Do you agree? 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 3. Why was Shakespeare’s Lady black? 1. There is no first of the month in case Was Shakespeare an integrationist? you have a bill which is due on the first 4. Why do so many people get fried off of the month. at Bacon’s works? Is he a bit meaty? 2. There are no Monday blues, since there 5. Is Chaucer graphic or pornographic ? is no Monday in the calendar. This also 6. Discuss the impact of antidisestablishmakes for a longer weekend. mentarianism upon English thought. Is it 3. There is no mid-week monotony, since appropriately named? Wednesday is replaced by another Satur day. Here you can cram all the extra so HISTORY: 1. No matter how far man progresses cial events of the year! 4. Everything is rush, rush. Everybody toward peace, he is as revolting as ever. wants things done right way. To avoid Comment. this the calendar goes backwards. This 2. Did the Greeks set up more statues than statutes? Could you say that the leads to some interesting results: a. A teacher car. order an assignment Greeks were the greatest chiselers of all on the 6th and lure it handed in on time? 3. Was Osirus all there? the 4 th. b. You can call up your girl on the SCIENCE (An “I just don’t know” answer 11th and have a date on the 9th. doesn’t count.) c. Class officers can be elected before 1. Is it true that the fertilizer industry is they have campaigned. a spreading one? d. Forum productions can be put on 2. Is it better for an old piece of machin before they are practiced. ery to wear out or rust out? e. The professors can have a class on one day and prepare for it on the next. MUSIC: 1. Describe the importance of finding the hidden fifths. Note other parallels. Louie’s Semester Exam For those who flopped the semester, PSYCHOLOGY: here’s a second chance. Get your pencil 1. Prove that you are not dreaming. poised and ready for action. Be sure to 2. Does your arm move solely or souly? follow the directions on each and every 3. If a Greek said, “All the Greeks are liars,” would he be telling the truth? point. HEBREW: ENGLISH: 1. Jukkedy, mukkedy, good ground hash, 1. What is the difference between a daghes forte, the top half of a schwa, and And withered celery in the weather. Silverless spoon and a broken-down the bottom third of a seghol? glass, LATIN: And purple napkins made out of leath 1. Analyze and give the meaning of “toer. tiemulesto.” The party is now in full swing, 2. Whaa???? And Life and Death get up to sing. 3. Is it animal, mineral, or vegetable? 4. Could it mean, “to tie mules to?” What is the poet trying to express? What mood is he trying to capture? Why are napkins made of purple leather? Why do * - adapted from College Humor.

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Campus Calendar

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132

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ing, however, was ever heard of the boy. If you don’t believe it, LeRoy Martin will show you where the corn stalk stood.

On giving the test to several students, I got the following results. 10% passed (they used old tests), 10% didn’t care. 25% fell asleep. 0% thought it was funny. 51% flopped.

Milton wrote “Paradise Lost”; then his wife died and he wrote, “Paradise Regain ed.” (Untermeyer)

You’re Kidding There’s an old tall tale that comes from Be a verb, Pure or impure, Iowa, you know, where the corn grows two Proper or improper, to three stories high. One day in spring a Perfect or imperfect, boy noticed a com stalk that was just about shoulder height. He started climbing They’re all mixed up for me ! it just for the fun of it. But before he The senior class is sponsoring a paper could holler “Whoa,” the cornstalk was drive for collecting old term papers, test higher than a grain elevator and still ris papers, and final tentative schedule sheets. ing. They had to shoot biscuits up to the This could become an annual affair! boy to keep him from starving. Pretty soon The second semester is well underway, it got past rifle range, so they started to send missiles with vacuum packed food and most of the seniors are actively en supplies. The plant kept growing until a gaged in their work. Others of us are just big blizzard came along next winter. Noth- actively engaged.

NORTHWESTERN STUDY CHART percent of studying time 150# 100?6 50?S 096 -505& -1005S

first weekend

Sept.

semester week 'V * Christmas V’S's--mid-semesters vacation

Oct.

Nov.

semester weekend -► Jan. Dec.

YES, IT'S BEEN ANOTHER TYPICAL SEMESTER

V •

v j.

h\I ji-

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SpoJdtA Trojan Cagers Sputter To 3-7 Record With one half of the 1963-64 basket ball season exhausted, the Trojans find themselves occupying the Gateway Confer ence cellar with an 0-7 record. Coach Pieper’s basketeers have compiled a 3-0 non-conference mark, but this is hardly a salve for soothing their league wounds. The Trojans have shone well enough on offense so that they should be holding down fourth place rather than seventh. However, the Black and Red’s defensive 133

efforts have sunk them, as they have had 94 points scored on them per conference game. Costly floor mistakes and funda mental errors have killed several potential Trojan successes. Coach Pieper is also in the process of rebuilding his team. Three of his five regular starters have been fresh men or sophomores. Northwestern 75 Trinity 100 The Trojans traveled to Trinity College in Chicago on December 6th to inaugurate

the 1963-’64 Gateway Conference season. Hopes were high that this year’s squad could get off to a fast start, but an even faster breaking Trinity five sent North western home on the short end of a 1 GO75 score. Sophomores Dave Toepel and Ron Hahm led N.W.C.’s scorers with 18 points apiece. Northwestern 96 N.W.C. Extension 69 The Varsity evened their overall record at 1-1 twenty-four hours after the Trinity game by handing the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary’s quintet a 96-69 setback. Hahm poured through 23 points to pace the Tro jans while Ed Pinchoff garnered 17 for the Seminarians.

Northwestern 115

M.I.T. 77 The Trojans swelled over the century mark on December 12th and in so doing walloped the Bluejays of the Milwaukee Institute of Technology, 115-77. M. I. T., which had averaged 105 plus points per game in its previous six starts, couldn’t find the range while the Trojan’s offense hit at a torrid 48% clip. Forward Ron Hahm led all players with 24 points. Junior guard Tom Zarling’s 40-foot set shot with two seconds left climaxed the Trojan victory. U. I. C. 75 Northwestern 72 Coach Pieper’s quintet played sharp basketball throughout the first half of De cember 14th’s game with the University of Illinois, Chicago, but fell victim to a third quarter Illini surge which left the Trojans waiting in the wings. The Windy City cagers converted 12 of 16 freethrows in the last half to stave off N. W. C.’s late game rally. Hahm again led all scorers with 11 field goals and 2 free throws.

Lakeland 112

Northwestern 85 Defending conference champion, Lake land College, used its height, weight, and sped advantages to overpower the Black and Red in a game played at Sheboygan on December 10th. The Muskies surged to a 30 point half time margin from which they coasted to victory. Northwestern’s lanky 6 foot, 7 inch center Dallas Beckner tallied 22 points in the losing cause. 134

Northwestern 72 Milton 85 The Wildcats of Milton College handed the Black and Red their fourth consecutive

■

i shot a frigid 35% from the floor and con verted only 12 of 24 charity tosses. Early in the second half the collegiates narrowed the gap to 10 points, but could come no closer. Ron Hahm’s 15 points were not enough to bring victory.

conference loss when they invaded Watertown on January 11th. The first half was a see-saw battle and the score was tied seven times. However, in the second half the Wildcats used an effective fast break and fancy ball handling to pull away. Sev eral key Trojans were lost due to fouls as the officials tooted a total of 55 personals. Mr. Hahm tallied 17 for the Trojans.

1 '! .. ;

Gateway Conference Standings (excluding last game)

Northwestern 76

Concordia 66

On January 14th the cagers of Coach Pieper dogmatically defeated Concordia College of Milwaukee 76-66. Freshman guard Verlyn Dobberstein’s three consecu tive jump shots at the outset of the contest launched the Trojan attack. The score re mained close throughout the first half, but in the second half the collegiate netters pulled away. For the sixth time in seven games 6 foot, 1 inch forward Ron Hahm sparkplugged the Trojan offense as he gar nered 16 points. Center Dallas Beckner gathered in a total of 20 rebounds for the victors.

*i j<

Eureka 85

Northwestern 68

George Williams 107

Northwestern 81

MGN. AVE.

5 6 4 5 1 2 0

1 88.8 76.7 2 71.8 71.8 2 89.5 83.3 3 84.1 77.8 3 71.0 75.5 6 73.4 77.4 6 75.5 94.0 -

12.1 0.0 6.2 6.3 -4.5 - 4.0 18.5

After seven weeks of collegiate intra mural bowling, the Piccadilly six, paced by Dick Anderson’s 190 average, are leading the 1964 pinsmen’s race Eleven weeks of action remain for the oth- teams to over take the current leaders

Northwestern 62

The Trojans suffered their seventh straight conference loss at the hands of the University of Illinois, Chicago, on Jan uary 31st in the Windy City. The Varsity 135

DEF. AVE.

Bowling Race Continues

The Trojans fell into the conference cellar as they dropped two games to Chi cago opponents while on a roadtrip to the Windy City January 17th and 18th. Foul trouble and costly floor mistakes sent the Trojans down to an 85-68 defeat at the hands of Eureka College on Friday evening. Center Dallas Beckner fired the Varsity into an early lead, but the Red Devils smoked back and roared to victory. Beckner tallied 14 points for N.W.C. Although Ron Hahm totaled 24 points for the Trojans the following evening, the host George Williams cagers sank 55% of their field goal attempts and 76% of their free throws to wallop Northwestern 107-81. Beckner had his second consecutive good game as he collected 19 points. U. I. C. 79

George Williams U. I. C. Lakeland Trinity Milton Eureka Northwestern

OFF. AVE.

League Stan • ngs W Piccadilly East Gate Inn Mullen’s Pagel’s Green Bowl Bowl-A-Fun A1 Rippe Ray’s Red Goose Minar’s Fin & Tail

19% 16i( 14% 13 12% 10% 10 10 8J4 8

L 5 8,'i 10 11% 12 14% 14% 14/2 16 16%

Total Pins 16039 15520 15361 13904 14815 14481 13551 13551 14880 13907

Individual Averages 190 Dick Anderson 169 Myron Schwanke 159 M. Wagenknecht 158 P. Eickmann 157 Dave Lauber High Games Dick Anderson Gerald Schroer P. Eickmann

237 232 229

Ave rage 763 739 731 662 705 689 645 650 708 662

STUDENTS! CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS attention! AUTO SUPPLY

LUMBER & FUEL

WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, Inc., 404 Main Street BAKERIES PAGEL'S BAKERY. 114 West Main Street QUALITY BAKE SHOP, 104 Main Street BANKS BANK OF WATERTOWN, First and Main Streets MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK, 100 Main Street BARBERS POOLE'S BARBER SHOP, 5 Main Street BEVERAGES BADGER STATE BOTTLING CO., Watertown COCA - COLA PEPSI-COLA SEVEN-UP

HUTSON-BRAUN LUMBER CO., First Street WEST SIDE LUMBER CO., 210 Water Street MEAT MARKETS BLOCK'S MARKET, 112 Second Street JULIUS BAYER MEAT MARKET, 202 Third Street NEW YORK MARKET, 8 Main Street MEMORIALS ARCHIE BROTHERS, INC., 218 Sooth First Street WATERTOWN MEMORIAL CO., INC., 112 Fourth St. MEN’S CLOTHING STORES CHAS. FISCHER & SONS, 2 Main Street KERN'S, 114 Main Street KRIER'S, 113 Main Street PENNEY'S, 201 Main Street MILLING G-OBE MILLING CO., 318 Water Street MUSIC GUTTER MUSIC STORE, 109 N. Third Street LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS, 415 E. Main Street NEWSPAPER WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES, 115 W. Main Street OFFICE SUPPLIES MINAR OFFICE & SCHOOL SUPPLY, 407 Main Street ORGANS SCH ICKER ORGAN CO., Inc., Buffalo 17, N. Y. PAINTS ALBRECHT'S BADGER PAINT, 208 Third Street CHAS. DAVID'S SONS, 306 Madison Street SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS, 208 Main Street WURTZ PAINT & FLOOR COVERING, 117 Main Street PHOTO FINISHERS CO-MO PHOTO CO., 217-219 N. Fourth Street PHOTOGRAPHS AL RIPPE, 113 Second Street LEMACHER STUDIO, 115 N. Fourth Street PIZZA EMIL'S PIZZA HUT, 414 E. Main Street FIN & TAIL, 108 S. Third Street PLUMBERS GUSE, INC., Highway 19, West WATERTOWN PLUMBING & HEATING, 103 W. Cady RADIO STATION WTTN, 10 < W. Main Street RESTAURANTS EAST GATE INN, Old Hwy. 16 East LEGION GREEN BOWL, Oconomowoc Avenue L & L LUNCHEONETTE, 417 East Main Street SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN, 510 Main Street SHARP CORNER TAVERN. 9th & Main Streets WIL-MOR INN, 1500 Bridge Street ZWIEG'S GRILL, Main & Ninth Streets SAVINGS & LOAN WATERTOWN SAVINGS & LOAN, 3rd & Madison SERVICE STATIONS BURBACH STANDARD SERVICE, 701 Main Street KARBERG'S, 501 S. Third Street SHOE STORES MEYER'S SHOE STORE, 206 Main Street RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE, 212 Main Street SHOE REPAIR ARPS SHOE SERVICE, 119 N. Second Street SMOKE SHOP PICADILLY, 406 Main Street

BOWLING ALLEYS BOW1.-A-FUN, 766 N. Church Street BILLIARDS DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION, 108 Second Street CHEESE MILWAUKEE CHEESE CO., Milwaukee, Wis. CLEANERS EASY WASH, First and Dodge Streets ONE HOUR MARTINIZING, 1 E. Main Street PARAMOUNT CLEANERS, 621 Main Street TOP CLEANERS, 114 S First Street VOGUE CEANERS, 412 Main Street CONCRETE TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO., Watertown

DAIRIES

DAIRY LANE, Union Str t MULLEN'S, 212 W. Main Street DRUG STORES BUSSE'S, 204 Main Sir:-: J DOERR DRUGS, West M-iin Street MALLACH PHARMACY, 3^5 Main Street TETZ’AFF PHARMACY, i 16 Main Street EYE GLASSES Drs. H. E. MAGNAN, .10 Main Street FLOOR MAINTENANCE DURACIEAN OF WATERTOWN, 1322 Randolph Street FLORISTS BIRKHOLZ FLORAL SHOP, 616 Main Street LOEFFLER FLORAL SHOP. 202 W. Main Street FURNITURE H. HAFEMEISTER, 607 Main Street KECK FURNITURE CO., 110 Main Street GARAGES A. KRAMP CO., 617 Main Street DODGE STREET GARAGE, Inc., 311 Third Street MEL'S GARAGE, 110 N. Water Street SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc., 305 Third Street VOSS MOTORS, Inc., 301 W. Main Street WITTE, FARR and FROST, Inc., 119 Water Street GROCERIES & PRODUCE BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE, Beaver Dam COHEN BROTHERS, Inc., Fond du Lac HARDWARE & SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE STORE, 304 Main Street REX DRAHEIM, Inc., 107 Main Street D. & F. KUSEL CO., 108 W. Main Street INSURANCE AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS, Appleton CHURCH MUTUAL INS. CO., Merrill, Wis. BOB LESSNER, State Farm Mutual 1024 Bouqhton St. LUTHERAN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Iowa READY AGENCY, 424 N. Washington Street WM. C. KRUEGER, 312 Main Street JEWELRY HERFF JONES CO., Bob Tesch. Repr., Neenah, Wis. SALICK JEWELRY, Main at Third Streets SCHNEIDER JEWELRY, 111 So. Third Street SCHOENIKE'S JEWELRY, 408 Main Street WARREN'S JEWELRY, 111 Main Street

; :

2>o it J\fow-! }

SubicsUte- to- the BlacJz & (led:

1 }

Send your name and address along with two (2) dollars to John Lawrenz, mgr., Black and Red, Watertown, Wisconsin, and ayear’s subscription (eight issues) will be mailed to you. Name Address State

City.

.: r

BOB TESCH, Repr.

WHERE

HERFF JONES CO.

SHARP

CLASS RINGS - MEDALS - TROPHIES Graduation Announcements — Club Pins Yearbooks — Chenille Awards P. O. Box 663 — Neenah, Wisconsin Parkway 5-2583

CUSTOMERS HAVE THE

CORN ER ON FOOD, DRINKS

and

AMUSEMENT

TAVERN

smart students save on car insurance with State Farm’s Good Student Discount! You may save 20% on your insurance (or your Dad's) if you’re a full-time student between 16 and 25, at least a Junior or in the 11th grade, and have a B average *TA]ggJ*M or equivalent. Ask about this famous State Farm discount! INSURANCE

STATE FARM Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. Home Office: Bloomington, Illinois

4 i

=* 1

ROBERT A. ‘bob’ LESSNER 1024 Boughton St. - Dial 261-3414 Watertown, Wisconsin

ZWIEG’S

GRILL Fine Foods Open Daily

SANDWICHES BREAKFASTS PLATE LUNCHES HAMBURGERS BROASTED CHICKEN & CONES MALTS & SHAKES Phone 261-1922

904 East Main Street

TOP CLEANERS Special Student Prices With This Ad

Phone 261-3502

i !

J. J. Mallach, r. PH.

Suits $1.00 Trousers 490 20% Discount on other cleaning (cash and carry) 114 S. First Street

MALLACH PHARMACY

G. J. Mallach, r. ph.

•I

Phone 261-3717 — Watertown

i ;R Watertown It's

JioAnA Smart Clothes for Men 114 Main Street

Bi/Miolp tf-losial Shop Flowers — Gifts — Potted Plants “We Telegraph Flowers"

Watertown

LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS 415 E. Main WATERTOWN

116 N. Main OCONOMOWOC

Watertown, Wisconsin

EVERYTHING IN MUSIC Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music

ART'S SHOE SERVICE

For Quality and Service Trade and Save at

Across From

DON'S NEW YORK MARKET

616 Main Street — Phone 261-7186

THE NEW MOOSE LODGE SHOE REPAIR Fast Service — Reasonable Prices

Watertown

Donald Sayler, prop. QUALITY MEAT and GROCERIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

119 N. Second Street

Phone 261-7516

8 Main Street

: :

Victor G. Nowack WHOLESALE CANDY, GUM, SMOKER’S SUPPLIES

Compliments of

610 Cady Street

BURBACH

Phone 261-7051

Compliments of

GE1SER POTATO CHIPS

Standard Service

and POPCORN

East Gate Inn

S. S. KRESGE'S

For Your

ONE STOP STUDENT SUPPLY HEADQUARTERS

Dining Pleasure East Gate Drive (Old Hwy. 16)

209 - 211 Main Street

SCHNEIDER JEWELRY

MEL'S GARAGE

Student Gift Headquarters Bulova — Elgin — Hamilton Caravelle Watches Columbia and Princess Diamonds Expert Watch Repairing 111 S. Third Street

Watertown

Automatic Transmit-on and General Repair Tel. 261-1848

Dial 261-6769

110 N. Water St.

Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our Firm is proud to have built the new pipe organ in the College Chapel

Bowl - A - Fun 766 North Church Street Phone 261-2512

Most i

Modern

the

State

Newly Remodeled

LEGION GREEN BOWL

TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO.

tyJateAiam+Pi Place to Cat

MATERIALS ACCURATELY

Closed Tuesdays

Proportioned and Thoroughly

Steaks — Chicken — Sea Foods

Mixed To Your Specifications

■

FACILITIES FOR PRIVATE PARTIES & BANQUETS

1413 Oconomowoc Ave— Dial 261-9878

Watertown

Phone 261-0863

POOLE’S BARBER SHOP

4 Chairs

Fast - Efficient Service 5 Main Street

Phone 261-2906

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

M- fik jo$ OJabudoivn Ih : Bank With The Time & Temperature WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Over 105 Years of Service VOSS MOTORS, INC.

Julius Bayer Meat Market

LINCOLN and MERCURY

DEALING IN

COMET

MEATS and SAUSAGES

301 W. Main Street — Phone 261-1655 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

of All Kinds 202 Third Street watertown

Dial 261-7066 watertown i

WURTZ PAINT and

FLOOR COVERING

KRKR'5

One Stop Decorating Center Corner 2nd & Main Sts. — Phone 261-2860

1 t

113 Main Street

Watertown

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS

-KECK

Everything in Paints and Wallpaper

FURNITURE COMPLETE HOME FURNISHERS

208 Main Street

Phone 261-4062

Watertown, Wisconsin

QUALITY BAKE SHOP

COMPANY

FOR OVER A CENTURY

110-112 Main St. - Watertown PHONE 261-7214

COMPLIMENTS OF Your Walgreen Agency Pharmacy

GEROLD OLSON, PROP.

High-Grade PASTRIES & CAKES

)'■ s

Phone 261-4150

104 Main Street

The Busse Pharmacy A. E. McFarland

R. E. Wills

PARAMOUNT CLEANERS For Cleaning Well Done - Dial 261-6792 SPECIAL STUDENT PRICES

Leave Clothes with Russell Schmidt, Room 314 Pickup on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 621 Main Street — Watertown i

m Compliments of

"£cuy it with 'facuaesiA."

DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION

■

v.)

Lunches

LOEFFLER qivud Shop

Billiards 202 W. Main Street — Phone 261-2073

108 Second Street

• : : i

i .

&CIAI Ar TWf

Classic*® WflTEPTQWN

The Finest In Family Entertainment

From A Friend

EASY WASH COIN

LAUNDRY

WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, INC. STOP IN AND SEE US !

Across From the A & P First and Dodge

Phone 261-9826

404 Main Street

Phone 261-4249

ir You Arc Looking at a

Larry Reich's

I »

WIL-MOR INN

SALICK

Original Design I'Ve Import Our Own DIAMONDS

1500 Bridge Street

GIFTS FOR ALL

Watertown

On City U. S. Highiuay 16

OCCASIONS

EXPERT REPAIRS

WTTN AM

1580kc - 1000 Watts

104.7 me - 10,000 Watts

DAYTIME

ANYTIME

L & L LUNCHEONETTE - SERVING -

Co-Mo Photo Company Photo Finishing - Cameras Black and White - Color “We Process Filins”

6:00 a. m. to 7:00 p. m. Daily Sunday 6:00 a. in. to 1:30 p. m.

217-219 N. 4th Street Watertown Phone 261-3011

417 East Main St. — Watertown

Duraclean of Watertown “FLOWER FRESH CLEANING” of Fine Furniture and Carpets

ARCHIE

BROTHERS, INC. MONUMENTS

Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Building Maintenance

“The Best Need Not Be Expensive”

WAYNE STAUDE, OWNER

218 SOUTH FIRST STREET

1322 Randolph St.

Dial 261-3350 *

; : •-

Merchants National Bank

LEMACHER STUDIO

‘'The Bank of Friendly Service”

115 N. Fourth Street

I \ I

Drive-In & Free Parking Lot Phone 261-6607

MEMBER OF

“Graduation Portraits A Specialty”

FDIC & Federal Reserve System

Tetzlaff

Watertown Memorial Co., Inc.

i t

"THE BLOCKS"

Rexall Pharmacy

Quality Monuments, Markers and

Prescriptions — Drugs — Cosmetics 116 Main Street — Watertown Telephone 261-3009

PLUMBING & HEATING

Telephone 261.6545

Mausoleums 112 N. Fourth Street — Watertown Telephone 261-0914

GUSE, Inc.

RESn^f'TSAL COM ..: ..rCIAL

HIGHWAY 19, P. O. Box 392

INDUo: :?5AL

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Cai

Sinclair, ONE STOP DECORATING CENTER! • MASTERCRAFT PAINT • LIGHT FIXTURES • VENETIAN BUNDS • WIRING SUPPLIES • WINDOW SHADES • FLOOR COVERING • GIASS-MIRRORS • FLOOR & WALL TILE • WALLPAPER • GIFTS—DISHES—TOYS

5 I

rf-lac £ i-iiftuUci o*t Aruf Sijc Qolt RESIDENTIAL • INDUSTRIAL • COMMERCIAL

KARBERG'S SERVICE

Complete Service and Road Service Phone 261-5561 501 S. Third Street

(paqsd’A Sak&Jiy :

Popcorn

114 W. Main Street

j t

Potato Chips Watertown

•

Watertown

TO NORTHWESTERN STUDENTS:

^edetftfeZiatt <x£ $?.00 With the Purchase of Our JOHN C. ROBERTS & KINGSWAY SHOES WITH HUSH PUPPIES

RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE

Watertown, Wisconsin I

COMPLETE CITY and COHEN BROTHERS, INC.

i i

FARM STORE

GLOBE MILLING CO.

FOND DU LAC, WIS.

"SINCE 1 845" “House of Quality”

Phone 261-0810

Attractive Special Rates For Students

113 Second Street Telephone 261-5072

/1L RIPPE

The "READY" AGENCY 424 N. Washington Street —Watertown

DODGE STREET GARAGE, INC. Your OLDSMOBILE Dealer

ALMA AND JOE READY, AGENTS

Dial 261-2868 ALL KINDS OF INSURANCE Life Insurance — Notary Public — Bonds

311 Third Street

Dial 261-5120

Watertown

HARDWARE - SPORTING GOODS iO

Wafertown, Hits

ACE HARDWARE,

“Garages, Remodeling and Kitchen Cabinets"

BRAUN BUILT HOMES '

i :

Wholesale Fruits and Produce

utsonBraun

304 Main Street — Phone 261-49S4

I ! ?

RAMBLER

^otxx 'Brags

SALES AND SERVICE

DAY & NIGHT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE

A. KRAMP CO.

Telephone 261-7459

Watertown — Phone 261-2771

. ■

GUYER MUSIC STORE MUSIC — RECORDS

F. W. Woolworth Co.

RADIOS — PHONOS

312-20 Main Street 109 North Third Street o.rv crarcaa

"Your Pathway

•; •j

IV: 5 : ■

MILK

To Health"

ICE CREAM

Watertown's First Grade A. Dairy 600 Union Street

Phone 261-3522

;

: :

*-si

BLOCK'S MARKET

MAIL ORDERS OUR SPECIALTY

112 Second Street Dial 261-2353 Watertown, Wisconsin

— Available at the Canteen —

Mullen's Dairy Malted Milks

Made Special For N.W. C. Students

20c

25c

30c j j

m-m-good

m-m-m

Watertown, Wisconsin

212 W. Main Street

Phone 261-4278

CHARLES DAVID'S SONS

SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc.

‘Tor 60 Years”

DODGE - DODGE DART

Glass Desk Tops

DODGE TRUCKS 305 Third Street

MAUTZ PAINT

Dial 261-2035

306 Madison Street

Watertown

. ;

Emil’s Pizza Hut LUMBER - COAL.. - COKE - FUEL OIL All Kinds

But'.osng

materials

Free delivery

Open 4 p. m. till ? ?

Hot to your Door — Closed Tuesday

“Everything To Build Anything” 414 E. Main St. — Phone 261-5455 Dial 261-5G76

HAFEMEISTER ■

Funeral Service FURNITURE

THE STUDENT'S CHOICE

“OUR SERVICE SATISFIES” Henry Hafemeiser, Roland Harder Ray Dobbratz 607-613 Main Street — Phone 261-2218

Our Greatest Asset Is Your Satisfaction YOU SAVE ON QUALITY CLEANING 412 Main Street — Phone 261-6851

D. & F. KUSEL CO. ‘fVancUowie cutct Sfronting tyxuU <utct

' i j

SINCE 1849

108- 112 W. Main Street

P hevrolet Witte, -5arr SCHOENICKE'S JEWELRY HAMILTON & BULOVA WATCHES Feature-Lock Diamond. Rings Bulova Accutron Watches Expert Watch Repairing 408 Main Street — Phone 261-6836

an d

Adroit,

nc.

STUDENTEN! Kommen Sie herein urn unsere Pfeifen zu priifen DON'S PICADILLY SMOKE SHOP

Our Men's Department offers an outstanding variety of Men's Suits, Top Coats, Slacks, Hats and Jackets, The Young Men's and Boy's Department also offers a complete selection of newest styles and fabrics. You can depend on Quality at a fair price.

'pcdcfoi & Scum HOME OWNED

HOME MANAGED

Milwaukee Cheese Co. 770 North 220th Street

Brookfield, Wis.

MANUFACTURERS OF BEER KAESE & WUNDERBAR BRICK CHEESE

COMPLETE LINE OF BIRDS EYE FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS

••

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MARCH 1964

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CONTENTS EDITORIAL..........................................................

136

.......... R. C. .John Vogt..

137

.......................... .

G. Lemke ..

139

Jupiter Unbound.......................................

.John Trapp

140

An International Language ..................

.L. S.

141

Hope Springs Eternal in G. O. P.......... Poem: Life of Man II

A Floundering Foreign Policy ..............

K. Spevacek

143

Poem: A Walk ........................................

J. Braun.....

144

The Idiom of J. S. Bach .......................

Mark Lenz .

145

The Advent of Congregational Singing

.A. W.

146

The Campaign Road................................

J. M.

147

“Propaganda”.............................................

148

Robert Bitter

149

,K. P.

“Blowin’ in the Wind” ...........................

150

ALUMNI NOTES ............................................. Cartoon ......................................................

150

John Trapp

150

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM ......................... NEWS .................................................................

152

,P. K.

154

SPORTS..............................................................

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman .... —.............. Editor Lynn Schroeder ___ . Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm __ Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart---------- ------- Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck__ ... Alumni Karl Peterson __ Sports Fred Fedke .... — Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz ............„. ...... Business Manager Paul Kelm .................... . Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt ....... . ... Advertising Manager

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Volume 67

March 1961 COVER BY FRED FEDKE PHOTOGRAPHS BY PAUL KANTE

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No. 7

fcditohml v POURING most of the history of mankind, buttons. Suddenly things began to look U a youth could look to the future and bad for the members of the long-establish plan his life with some degree of accuracy. ed button makers guild, who immediately His culture was stable, customs were tradi rose in indignation. The government has tional, and habits and beliefs were passed tened to their rescue with a fine for all who on from generation to generation. Grant either made or wore the usurping cloth ed, there were slight progressions, retro models. gressions, and fluctuations in a culture; But these days are gone. Economics but barring any sudden foreign domina tion, these changes came about very slow- now reigns, assisted by its prime minister, Science. Our old culture is being liquidated iyby the new tyrant. What culture we retain Since the Industrial Revolution, how will be the culture of economics. One need ever, this stability as been a matter for only note how his life is riddled by adver the history book imes are now chang tisements (some 5,000 per family per day) ing with such r lay that children are to realize the extent to which economics growing up into :«.ure which is foreign has already taken over. to their youth. A ;s the years flash by, The result of this change is a gross this “advancing’ ure continues to ac materialism unparalleled in history. With celerate. a society built on economics, materialism The dynamic force that usually gets is becoming a must. Already, in times of credit for this phenomenon is “science.” recession, we have heard pleas to spend, Indeed, most of the differences between spend, spend. Likewise, with the recent the routines of the past generation and announcement of the tax cut came the our routines are the results of science. request to make use of the extra money. Commodities such as television sets and And the situation is only getting worse. automatic household appliances, as well Social critic Vance Packard says, “The as advancements in everything from food people of the United States are in a sense packaging to air travel have come to us becoming a nation on a tiger. They must through science. It is not without reason learn to consume more and more or, they that ours is called the Scientific Age. are warned, their magnificent economic But science could not be accomplishing machine may turn and devour them. They these vast changes without the aid of the must be induced to step up their individual new temporal ruler of the world, econom consumption higher and higher, whether ics. It is our economy that (1) enables us they have any pressing needs for the goods to train scientists, (2) spurs them on with or not. Their ever-expanding economy de promises of personal gain, and (3) con mands it.” (Vance Packard, The Waste sumes their efforts with a seemingly in Makers, p. 6.) satiable appetite. Obviously our new economy will con Economics was not always king, how tinue to present changes other than the ever. Rather it was the docile servant of use of this new gadget instead of that old the subjects of kings. A case in point. The tool. It will reach down and attempt to tailors of 17th Century France hit upon alter our sense of values — our very religi the scientific advancement of making cloth ous convictions. Imagine what havoc a 136

society devoted to consumption and selfgratification can do to a Christian’s ideals of a life of unselfish service and giving — or a sense of thrift — or feelings of gratitude! It is impossible to say at this time just how intense or how successful the pressures of society will be in their influence on our spiritual lives. The future will have to tell. But we do know that we as Christians

will have our work cut out for us if we are to repel the attack. The Lord has warned us that times will be getting progressively worse. Fortunately, He has also promised us that He will give us the strength to en dure. May we recognize the increasing dangers, turn to God for strength, and prepare to struggle for our very spiritual ex istence. Horizontally we may be an is land, but vertically we can be a tower of r. c. strength.

HOPE SPRINGS ETERNAL in the G.O.P. political trends seem to paint a bleak picture for the Republican Party in this fall’s Presidential election. President Johnson is sweeping along on a tremendous wave of popularity and ap pears unbeatable. But the G.O.P., spurred on by a bumper crop of candidates, plans a hard fight and confidently hopes for a Republican victory in ’64. To win, the G.O.P. must defeat Presi dent Johnson, who now has almost every thing in his favor. Since he is trying to carry out Kennedy’s policies and perpetu ate his memory, coundess voters will sup port Johnson simply as a token of respect and grief for our assassinated leader. In addition, Johnson’s own record for his few months in office is quite remarkable. Us ing every possible means, this extremely clever politician is moving the tax cut and civil rights bills through Congress with considerable speed and success. He has promised more Federal help in such areas as poverty, education, and mental health. Yet he has stressed economy in govern ment and has proposed to Congress a sur prisingly low budget. These actions, na turally, have gained much support for him. In international affairs the President isn’t faring as well, but he has kept us out of actual war. His continual defeats, there fore, seem small and insignificant to the average citizen. All the President’s actions and words have piled up to give him a tremendous popularity among the voters in every re gion of the country. In the latest Gallup poll 73% of the voters tested said they would vote for Johnson, while only 27% preferred the top Republican candidate. At this time in 1956 in a similar Gallup urrent

poll 66% of the voters favored President Eisenhower against 34% for Mr. Steven son. Johnson, therefore, is running con siderably better than President Eisenhower was. Judging from Eisenhower’s 10-mil lion-vote victory in 1956, Johnson should easily win this year’s election by about 15 million votes, the biggest margin in his tory. Against these unbelievable odds the Re publicans are still going all out. Eight ma jor announced and unannounced candi dates are spending hundreds of hours and thousands of dollars chasing throughout the country in their qu- s: of the G.O.P. Presidential nomination. • hese men and the whole Republican party are anxious to take on Johnson and are honestly confident of victory. They see serious mistakes in John son’s policies, and they hope to impress these failures upon the voters. The Republicans consider foreign poli cy the No. 1 campaign issue. Mr. Nixon sums up the whole party's belief in these words, “There is no major area in the world where the cause of freedom is not worse off today than it was four years ago.” We’re losing ground in South Viet Nam, Panama, Cuba, Africa, and almost everywhere else. Even our allies are rebelling against us. President Johnson seems to be simply drifting along from crisis to crisis without any plans or policies. Al though differing among themselves on just how to handle these problems, the Republi can candidates all see a definite need for some positive action. Naturally, the Republicans find plenty of faults with the President’s domestic poli cies, too. They accuse Johnson of continual ly using glittering generalities and speak137

ing out of both sides of his mouth. Rocke feller said, “We’ve had more promises out of Washington for the past three years than in any comparable period.” It is im possible, the Republicans claim, to give what Johnson promises for the low price he quotes. They add that his legislative proposals put too much power in the Feder al Government’s hands, usurp states’ and personal rights, and are steps toward com plete socialism. Here, too, the individual candidates differ on some of these issues, but basically they support the Republican principle of as little government interfer ence as necessary. A lthough the G.O.P. has an abundance **of dedicated and qualified hopefulls, unfortunately not one candidate seems to be an ideal nomination. Each has at least one serious flaw.

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The number one man right now is Sen ator Barry Goldwater from Arizona. Be fore President Kennedy’s assassination, Goldwater was definitely the best and most logical candidate because his rugged con servatism contrasted sharply and favorably with Kennedy ', liberalism. But now against President Johnson, who is also con sidered a conservative, Goldwater is falling fast, although he still leads the other can didates. Tlie Senator’s plea for more in dividual initiative and less government in terference sounds very refreshing. He con siders the graduated income tax unfair, opposes farm subsidies, and believes strongly in equal rights for all, although he believes the Federal Government has no right under the Constitution to interfere with the states in this. In international affairs Goldwater says we should act like the strong nation we are and not let our selves be pushed around by every pip squeak nation and dictator. He advocates a quarantine of Cuba and withdrawal from the United Nations. But Senator Goldwater is losing out because people take him too literally. He is misunderstood and mis quoted everywhere. If elected, he certain ly would not rashly try to eliminate all the laws he dislikes. He wants to reform them and work them back to a more constitu tional basis. However, even if Senator Goldwater should be nominated, he could not possibly win the election. Conserva tism just isn’t popular at the present time.

The opposite extreme in the G.O.P. is championed by New York’s Governor Nel son Rockefeller, the hardest working candi date. Number one a year ago, the Gover nor was all but politically ruined by his scandalous divorce and remarriage to a divorcee. The only one who gave Rocke feller a chance was Rockefeller himself. Immediately he started to work his way back up and now finally he appears to be making some headway. Even the optimis tic Gov. Rockefeller himself had to admit, “Things have gone better than I had hoped.” Rockefeller is the Republican J.F.K. Although he denies it, his policies sound very similar to those of the late President. He supports Federal aid to education on all levels, medicare, and the civil rights bill. In foreign affairs his policies appear very similar to the United States’ policies of the past 10 years. Although gaining, Rocky still has a long way to go. His only chance at the nomination is by a success ful showing in the primaries, and he may be on his way toward that.

These two candidates are posing a dif ficult question to the whole Republican Party. “What do we, as a party, believe and stand for?” The G.O.P. has to decide whether its policies should swing toward popular liberalism or toward more basic conservatism. However, the party prob ably won’t reach any real decision this year or for a long time. It will remain a party simply a little less in favor of Feder al control and socialism than the Demo crats. Therefore, in a compromise move at the convention, the Republican nominee will probably be chosen from a group of candidates who have moderate policies.

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These moderates are the very able “non candidates”: Richard Nixon, Henry Cabot Lodge, William Scranton, and George Rom ney. Although officially not seeking the nomination, these men have been doing their share of “campaigning” and have all said they would accept a draft. In addi tion, each has a group of loyal supporters which is actively campaigning for him. The policies of these four are all basically the same and represent the Republican Party’s principles which were followed dur ing President Eisenhower’s years in office. In fact, Mr. Eisenhower has encouraged each of these men to run for the nomina tion.

138

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The 1960 losers, Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge, are leading all Repub lican candidates in popularity according to the Gallup poll. This popularity is still a carry-over from that ill-fated 1960 cam paign. However, both these men have been relatively inactive and unsuccessful dur ing the past four years and are not con sidered good candidates. Governor Scranton of Pennsylvania and Governor Romney of Michigan are the Republican Party’s future. Both were elec ted governor in 1962, ending years of Democratic rule in their states. Both are now having considerable success in that post. Governor Romney, inheriting an all but bankrupt state, has overcome the defi cit and now boasts of a surplus. He is, however, having some trouble with his Re publican-controlled legislature. On the other hand, Governor Scranton has control led his legislature and saved ten million dollars in one year. His only problem is that he is relatively inexperienced and un known outside of the East. Governor Scranton, however, stands out as the best Republican candidate! As one G.O.P. lead er put it, “He’s the only one unscarred.” In addition to these the Republicans also have two novelty candidates, Margaret Chase Smith and Harold Stassen. Senator Smith from Maine is a truly remarkable woman, but that is her problem. She is a woman, and our country simply isn’t ready for a woman President. She hopes, how ever, that her campaign may help to bring that day closer. Senator Smith rightly brags, “I have more national office experi ence than any of the other announced or unannounced candidates.” She has served in Congress since 1936 and now has an-

swered a string of 1590 consecutive rollcalls. In that time the Senator has fallen into no particular political mold but jumps to whatever side she believes best. But the most intrepid Republican can didate is the never-blooming perennial, Harold Stassen. Between 1938 and 1948 Mr. Stassen enjoyed amazing political suc cess, including a close defeat for the 1948 Republican Presidential nomination, but since then he has suffered continual de feats. His decline includes “the worst Re publican defeat in Philadelphia history” while he was running for mayor in 1959. Now he is seriously running for the Presi dency, but, needless to say, no one gives him much chance. He himself admits, I’m “at the bottom of the totem pole.” And even that’s an understatement. All this mass confusion of candidates has been converging on little New Hamp shire for its March 10th primary. Then after several other primaries, comes the important one, the California primary on June second. In these preference polls each candidate hopes to prove his vote getting powers to this summer’s conven tion in San Francisco. In that convention the G.O.P. will have to choose its nominee from the eight major candidates and dozens of favorite sons. This will not be an easy matter, but for the spectator it should be an extremely in teresting one to follow. After the Republicans choose their nominee, all they have to do is beat John son. And unless the President makes a serious mistake before election day, this surely looks impossible, but then maybe. . . JOHN VOGT, ’67

LIFE OF MAN III Two lives may be knit, may join to form one, Two hearts for a time may be true. But time, like an island, cleaves to the quick, Companions must wander anew. Though two lives together part for a time. Their courses will meet to join them again Far off in the ocean of time. — g. 139

lemke,

’66

JUPITER UNBOUND (Act One Scene, One, First Take) (We are now entering the banquet hall on Olympus. At the time the stage is vir tually quiet. The hall is divided into tivo parts. On the left we see three round tables at which various deities are seated taking turns at Indian, wrestling. Benches are strung along the wall on the far side of the room. A few thankless muses, evident ly musing at the time, are stretched out on them. Adjacent to this room is the main hall. It contains the standard rectangular banquet table and has the standard place settings — one at the head and one at the foot. Queen Hera enters from the left side of the stage and passes through the guest room - nose slightly unbalanced - and pro ceeds into the main hall. She is followed by a train of attendants who file out past her as she takes her seat at the headj of the table. The last in the line of attendants uncouples himself from the rest and side tracks over to the foot, of the table. . .) HERA: Sit dowjt! (At Hera's plea. Zeus, the mightiest, most powerful, strongest of all the gods, falls into his couch . Hera beckons to a figure off stage. Immediately food-laden servants enter follou ed by drink-laden ser vants.) HERA: (turning to the commander-inchiefofthedrinkladeu-servants) Ganymede, you idiot! How many times have I told you not to serve us Corinthian Nectar, vintage 146? That was a bad year for thirsty Greeks. (While the other servants spread the table with steaming dishes of roast ambro sia, cans of buttered ambrosia, and bowls of ambrosia soup7, Ganymede disappears and returns quam celerrime8 with a more favorable vintage. After due speculation HERA puts her monocle back into her purse and reaches for her goblet.) ZEUS: (Lifting his eyes from the plate

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i — From the Greek word skene meaning tent, completely unrelated to the word scene. a — India style. 3 — Opposite the foot. 4 — See note ntuner 3. 5 — Food made the Greeks sleepy, and they wanted to be readyG. o — Lifted from Richard Annour. i — Demonstrates Greek catholic taste. 8 — hos tachista 140

of roast ambrosia) Might as well pour me some too, Ganymede. HERA: You don’t have to be so rude, Zeusie, sweetie. You could at least say, PLEASE pass the. . . ZEUS: I don’t have to say PLEASE to ANYONE for ANYTHING; and stop calling me Zeusie, sweetie. . . please. HERA: Well, I’m SORRY, (said with a slight sneer since that's all she is officially allowed) I. . . ZEUS: And stop always interrupting. I’m trying to think. (The king of the gods drops his eyes to the soup which he stirs determinedly with his left hand.) HERA: Aren’t you going to drink your nectar? ZEUS: I’m not thirsty. HERA: And nice Ganymede poured it full for you. You’re just a spoil-sport. Just ’cause you lost at Troy; just ’cause I found out about. . . ZEUS: Oh, come on. I hear this same stuff day-in and day-out0. And by Jove, I’ve taken about all I can bear. HERA: Do you want to listen to the muses? ZEUS: No! HERA: Not even the muse recorder ? ZEUS: No! HERA: I could play your favorite — Melpomene’s Fifth. ZEUS: I don’t even want to hear Melpomene’s Fifth. HERA: Then take me for a ride in your new chariot, Zeusie. ZEUS: I’m not Zeusie, and I won’t take you for a ride. Besides, it’s a new foreign job — a Vulcwagen — and there’s only room for me and my shield. HERA: There’ll only be room for you on your shield. . . (A MESSENGER with that “Hades” look steps in the door, having come through the guest hall, and addresses ZEUS) MESS: Zeus, I address thee. ZEUS: Well, what do you want? MESS: If it pleaseth thee, almighty, allpowerful, king of the gods who reigneth over the earth below from thy throne here on Olympus, your servent wisheth to. .. ZEUS: You can forget the Homer dia„ — When he’s out on the town.

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lect, m’boy; that went out with the wooden chariot wheels. Go on. MESS: Thanks. I was sent by Aphro dite. She wants to know if she can borrow a cup of nectar. It’s for the party she’s throwing down at Arethusa Park, and. . . ZEUS: Ganymede, GANYMEDE! (quam celerrime — but as he enters, HERA quickly nods him over to her side and whispers something into his ear. Gany mede takes to his heels again and disap pears behind the curtain. ZEUS starts to rise, motioning after him, but. . .) HERA: That’s okay. I sent him after the nectar. (Ganymede returns with the nectar. Hera takes it and presents it to the MES SENGER.) MESS: The whole bottle? Why, I thank you. Iimmm, vintage 146 — pretty old — must be pretty good, (turns to ZEUS) You’re coming to the party like you said you were, aren’t you? HERA: What time should we come ? MESS: Huh? Oh, ZEUS is supposed to come an hour after Phoebus dips into the sea. By the way, what is your name again? HERA: Hera — My name is Hera — QUEEN of THE GODS - you idiot! Didn’t you ever see me before? (She takes out her monocle and looks at him extremely fright eningly.) MESS: Well, actually, no. The last time I saw Zeus he was. . . ZEUS: Uh, that’s okay, messenger.

(turning to HERA) What he means is that the last time he saw you he mistook you for someone else, (to the MESSENGER') Isn’t that right? MESS: I — I guess so, I. . . ZEUS; Fine! I’ll be there. (standing up and facing the monocle, still in place) I guess you’ll just have to stay home and do some knitting or something for once. (MESSENGER departs) HERA: Oooh, you make me so mad, Zeus! I won’t say a word to you for at IpQQt n

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ZEUS: A week? Well, that’s not so bad, I guess. I do hope you will speak to me when the week is up, however; after all, the only things that aren’t boring up here are your beautiful voice and ambrosia. (The king of the gods picks himself up and passes into the guest hall) HERA: (mumbling io herself) At least I got rid of that horrid nectar. (She re places the monocle into her purse.) ZEUS: (stopping in the middle of the guest hall and turning to one of the loung ing deities) I do believe you missed a num ber of your lines this act. The DEITY; So? We be Olympian gods, all. Why, whence and whither goest thou this fairest eventide? (ZEUS lightly shrugs his shoidders and exits — stage rightl0) JOHN TRAPP, ’66

10 — Actually the left side of the stage.

AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

I^istances no longer mean what they ■^did twenty years ago, for the world has shrunk in size with the advance of science. Nations on the other side of the globe have become our veritable neigh bors, and the spirit of nationalism is fast giving way to one of internationalism. Time, too, has undergone a great change. When we realize that our rockets orbit the globe in less than eighty minutes, who of us can read Jules Verne’s predictions of a fantastic trip around the world in eighty Jays and not consider prophecies almost antediluvian in nature? Of course, we have not quite reached the stage where everyone travels by rocket, but already in our present day the commercial flights that span the Atlantic are calculated in terms of minutes.

The distance barrier has been shatter ed, and this has brought all the peoples of the world closer together. The optimists predict that the communications barrier, too, will fall as a result. Science intends to bring every part of the globe into close communication with every other part. This is the ultimate goal of such projects as Echo and Telstar. Whether science will succeed in this effort is questionable, be cause it will be forced to operate with either the spoken or written language, and language has been found to have certain failings. Language is the only channel through which we can communicate. As a result there has been much effort to come up with new ideas that would improve our 141

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chances of effectively communicating with other nations. In both aspects of language, the spoken and the written, men have pro posed suggestions. A universal language, if effective, could make communication among nations a reality. The world has greeted these sugges tions with mixed emotions, somewhat in the same manner as the English-speaking peoples reacted to George Bernard Shaw’s arguments for a new system of spelling which would be more logical, since it would be based on phonetics. There seem ed to be no middle ground to those who heard about the proposed Shavian system of spelling, and in the same manner there seems to be no middle ground when dis cussing the possibilities of an international language. The revolutionaries quite wil lingly are ready to promote the idea with an almost fanatical urge, and the reac tionaries are quick to flatly reject the idea as not being worth their time and effort. A system called Interlingua appeared in the early 19o0’s but it never gained much attention. Its supporters felt that there would be a distinct advantage for all involved if countries could find some com mon ground on which they could meet to share the advances that science and tech nology were making. This synthetic lan guage basically resembled the Romance languages, but people who spoke English would have had little trouble in adopting Interlingua because much of our English employs identical Latin roots. Interlingua attempted to find the common denomina tors of the individual languages while at the same time it omitted the characteris tics that made the languages differ from each other. Those who have studied semantics, however, did not give the system much chance of ever achieving unqualified suc cess. According to their reasoning, for a language to be common there must first be a common bond in culture and experience between two nations who speak different languages. There can be little hope for a I mutual communication if there is no mu! tual heritage. It is as foolish to anticipate mutual communication without a common heritage as it is to expect two countries to develop the same culture when there is no identical language. Interlingua proposed to unite the coun tries of the Western world. And yet these 142

countries developed over the years with different habits, philosophical beliefs, and living conditions. No one can remove the built-in timetable of the Spaniard that de mands that everything shut down from noon to three o’clock for the daily siesta, and certainly the British Empire would col lapse in ruin if an Englishman ever were to miss his afternoon tea. The stiff upper lip of the Englishman certainly has no counterpart in the excitable Italian. It is against all the rules of semantics to make these sweeping generalizations, and Korzybski would throw up his hands in hor ror at the thought of it, but the thought patterns that have become so deeply in grained within these cultures cannot be so easily removed. While it is true that the individual in these societies may not al ways mirror the mores of the whole, still the attitudes and standards of the culture as a whole have to be dealt with. Each country has its own culture, de veloped through its own particular experi ence. The people think in a certain man ner because their environment has con ditioned them to do so. Certain words pro duce responses that are the result of a con ditioned reflex. So we have to agree with the writer who said, “Language, culture, and personality may be considered inde pendently of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.” Books on semantics give evidence to support the hypothesis that particular re actions to words are related to our experi ence. This makes the power of communi cation a limited gift, for then a word is on ly an arbitrary symbol that represents something slightly different to every indi vidual. The more widely the individuals within a group differ in respect to their ex periences, the greater the chance of a mis understanding and a subsequent break down in communication. Even among in dividuals of a closely-knit group with a similar background (say two German far mers of the Middle West) troubles in se mantics quickly arise. And as we move from the specific to the more general, the problems are compounded. Witness the difficulties at the United Nations! Much could be gained by an interna tional language that would work, but the realization of this dream is more a remote possibility that a probability because of l. s. the problem of semantics.

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A FLOUNDERING FOREIGN POLICY

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Cince the Dutch, with American prod^ ding, gave up their empire in the East Indies, our country has poured almost two billion dollars into Indonesia. What has happened to this aid? The people, many of whom are starving, received very little of it. Instead, President Sukarno purchased weapons and food for his armed forces, which he is now using against our British allies in Malaysia. Incidentally, Indonesia has the largest Communist party outside of the Red Bloc, and just recently Sukarno signed a manifesto in support of Red China’s Asian policy, which includes con quest of South Viet Nam. This is only one of many examples of confusing, if not ridiculous, American for eign policy. Until very recently we were al so giving aid to Communist Yugoslavia and Poland in the hope that we might swing the two. nations away from Moscow. For our allies, especially, our policy is extremely difficult to follow. Take the Brit ish. They can’t understand how Washing ton can sell millions of bushels of wheat to Russia and yet criticize their sale of buses to Cuba. Or the Dutch. Our govern ment thought that Sukarno’s hunger for territory would be satisfied if Holland handed over West New Guinea. Now Su karno wants North Borneo too. We were in quite a hurry to see the British, French and Belgians free their African colonies despite the fact that many of these coun tries were not ready for self rule. Now it’s difficult to name an African nation that isn’t in turmoil. However, no policy is more flexible than our “containment of Communism.” Each administration seems to have a dis tinctly different policy. In regard to Cuba, President Kennedy warned that we would not allow its becoming a base for the sub version of the rest of Latin America. To day it is just that. Evidence shows that Castro was directly involved in the Pana ma riots. A plot for the Communist take over of Honduras was recently uncovered. Arms and saboteurs are being smuggled into every country of Latin America. The OAS has pinpointed nine guerilla warfare schools in Cuba. What are we doing about this base of subversion? We tried an economic block-

ade of the island but that failed. Ironical ly, we are being most successful in pre venting Cuban exile groups from launch ing attacks on their homeland from our shores. In Viet Nam no one seems sure what to do. Already this conflict has cost three billion dollars and 150 American lives. The Vietnamese are tired of war, their ar mies are discouraged, one coup follows another. To make matters worse, De Gaulle has advocated neutralization of all of Southeast Asia. As for the future, our government seems to feel that an all-out effort would bring in Red China and de velop into another Korea. Withdrawal on the other hand, would be seen as a defeat for America, and this would be especially distasteful during an election year. How did we get into this foreign poli cy dilemma? Fear of nuclear war, changes in administrations, and humanitarianism have had something to do with it. How ever, much of the answer lies in our ap~ proach to the problem of Communism. Following the Second World War and the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, we realized the danger that was confronting us and developed a firm policy. NATO, SEATO, and CENTO are the results of this plan to “contain Communism.” The fate of Eastern Europe wasn’t to befall another nation without a fight. Present conditions are different. The Red Dragon has many heads. There is bel ligerent Mao and “neutralist” Tito. The administration feels that it must deal dif ferently with each brand of Communism. Why? The underlying strategy of Marxism has become a bit hazy to the West. As a result we trust the Reds and attempt to get together with them. Despite this “together ness” the Communist cancer has spread further. Laos, Cuba, and Zanzibar have fallen. Despite our money, Poland and Yugoslavia indicate that they will side with Russia in any conflict with the West. In addition, the world picture has changed a great deal in the last twenty years. New world powers are rising to challenge us. Red China has become the dominant power in Asia. De Gaulle is seek ing to return France to some of its old glory. On the other hand, our old ally

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Britain, without its colonies, is rapidly be coming just another island. Over seventy new nations have come into being since the War. Most of them are underdeveloped and lack capable lead ership. This makes them good bait for Communism. Yet each of these nations has a vote equal to the US in the UN, and thus can overule and even censure us. Consequently, our faith in this organiza tion is slowly dying. The United Nations has become little more than a place to par ley, and the US is footing most of the bill. Our alliances seem to be only wishful thinking. NATO, for example, is weaken ed by the Greco-Turkish conflict over Cy prus and De Gaulle’s wish to become a “third force” in Europe. The same can be said for SEATO. Thailand is drifting tow ard neutralism, and our old ally Pakistan is courting Red China because we supplied “neutral” India with arms. In the past twenty years the American taxpayer has spent almost 100 billion in aid to other countries. Certainly some of this amount was necessary and has pro duced results. However, many feel that much of this amount was nothing more than an attempt to buy friends. If so, what have we accomplished? Our “prestige” among nations has reached a new low. Those nations which were the recipients of US aid haven’t always withstood Com munism. Burma, for example, has become a red-leaning neutral. Some Latin Ameri can nations take American aid dollars with one hand and nationalize US businesses

with the other. Yet, the foreign situation is not as hope less as it may seem. Something can be done. Two suggestions have been made in Washington: (1) America should back out of world affairs and let the world go its own way; let someone else, like De Gaulle, take over leadership of the free world; and (2) America should be firm in its foreign relations; let our friends come to us. /3d “handouts” should be stopped. Of these suggestions the second seems the more reasonable. Above all, however, a complete review and revamping of our foreign policy is necessary. Our aid pro grams should be cut to an essential mini mum. This means no more “handouts” to men like Sukarno. It should be obvious that we can’t buy our friends. We must also be firm and stand up for our rights. Firmness is what will regain America’s respect in the world. Perhaps a little of Teddy Roosevelt’s “Speak softly and carry a big stick” would be in order. Only action will contain Communism. This will mean cooperating more closely with our allies. In the past we have often been accused of treating our enemies better than our friends. America can no longer afford to ask its allies to do as we say, not as we do. And finally, although we must continue to seek peace, we must never trust or com promise with the Communists. Mao and Khrushchev still want a Red world. “We will bury you” wasn’t just a passing jest.

KIRBY SPEVACEK, '64

A Walk A long, lonely walk Through the night Gives me peace and rest. To walk alone where No one can hear What I say except God, Gives me a solid peace. As I walk I think Of the world, its course, Of man, his ways, Of things to do, Of things done, Some that were, and Some that were not. At last I will be Alone with my thoughts.

j. BRAUN, ’65 144

THE IDIOM OF J. S. BACH To those who enjoy listening to it, music 1 often tends to affect the emotions by some means or other. The volume of sound the shades of tone, the progression of notes, or the rhythm may be sources of delight to a listener.

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In the cantata “Behold we are going to Jerusalem” Bach represents Jesus and his disciples walking along the road together, Jesus walks ahead, then stops and repeats the sorrowful words which his disciples cannot understand.

Most composers also have certain “mo tives” or means of expressing certain pic tures or thoughts in their music. It was The ascending notes represent Jesus walkAlbert Schweit'er who first pointed out ing, and the large interval down represents that in the music of our celebrated Luther- the sad story of Jesus’ suffering and death, an composer, Johann Sebastian Bach, these In Bach’s representation of tumult and motives had been quite clearly defined. The war, one can almost hear the hoof beats genius Bach, used motives in most of the music which he composed, and they ex of horses and the rumbling of marching pressed such things as man’s fall into sin, columns. In the cantata, “A Mighty For grief, waves, walking, tumult and war, ter tress is our God,” the words of the second stanza “but for us fights the Valiant One” ror, and joy — to list just a few. are expressed in this fashion. For the writing of his variations on chorales, Bach first studied the words of the text of the chorale, and whenever he found a picture, he tried to express it Bach’s expression of 1 error is a series in music. For example, in the chorale of reiterated quavers on the same note or “Through Adam’s fall mankind fell too”, chord. This represents the trembling of a he depicts the fall of man by large inter person in extreme terror. Bach made use vals downward. of this motive in his cantatas to represent the terror of unrepentant sinners at the & % Last Judgment and to paint the anxiety of £ * When hearing this chorale, one can, with the disciples after the death of Christ. a little imagination, picture the falling of Bach has two ways of expressing joy. mankind away from God. One consists of a succession of rapid notes To express grief, Bach has a motive and expresses simple and direct joy. The which consists of a sequence of notes tied second is based on the rhythm in pairs. The second of the two notes is unaccented, so that the sequence seems like a series of sighs from the depth of the soul. An example of this is contained in and represents joyous agitation. Bach used this joyous rhythm in many of his works, the chorale “O Lamb of God.” and it asumes many shapes. Many of these motives may be very difficult to discover unless one has studied One can almost hear the sighs of those see- the music carefully. However, one motive ing Jesus hanging on the cross. which is familiar to all is music written Bach was fond of using a motive to ex- *n a m*nor key, not only by Bach but by press waves. Whenever the words of the many composers. There is something atext made a reference to water or the sea, bout melodies in the minor which we tend Bach expressed it with a series of rising to associate with sadness and seriousness. and falling notes. Not only does the pro The sadness of the Lenten season is par gression of notes look like a series of ticularly evident in the music which we waves, but hearing this almost gives one are now hearing in our church services. the sensation of rocking in a boat. MARK LENZ, ’65 145

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THE ADVENT OF CONGREGATIONAL SINGING

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The singing of religious songs and hymns ■ by the common people of Germany in connection with a religious services did not, strictly speaking, begin during the Reformation. The ancient Teutonic tribes had a large store of hymns which they used in worshipping their deities. When these people were converted to Christiani ty, they carried with them their love of congregational singing and adapted their pagan songs. Nevertheless, at the time of the Refor mation the common people had no part in the music of the church service; there was no congregational singing. A choir took care of all the vocal music. Luther’s thoughts regarding church music and congregational participation ran counter to the practice of the early six teenth century. When the musical bent of the Germans was coupled with this, the reintroduction of congregational singing in a worship service was only a matter of time. There was onb one problem that had to be solved: there were no hymns avail able for the peopi ;.o sing. Hymn-writing as we know it, had not been practiced before the Reformation period. There had been chants and motets in use in church services, but these forms of music were mostly polyphonic. They didn’t make use of harmony and harmon ic progressions as we have them in our hymns. If Luther wanted to introduce congre gational hymn singing, it was plain that he would have to (1) develop a musical form which would be suitable for a group of untrained voices; (2) compose words to go with this music. Luther himself had had musical train ing in his youth, and his love for music continued throughout his life. With this background and with the aid of several friends, Luther set out to compose a body of music fit for congregational singing. Because few of the individual congre gation members had had musical training, this body of music had to be kept simple. It had to be something simple enough for common laborers, peasants and housewives. And yet it had to be something that 146

they could dig into and sing with gusto. The same principles were kept in mind as far as the words are concerned. The words had to be simple and be based en tirely on Scripture. The dominant theme of Luther’s hymns is the redemption from sin through Christ, which is contrasted with man’s sinfulness and helplessness. The result of this particular combina tion of words and music is the Lutheran chorale, hymns like the ones we have in our hymnal. Luther had several starting points for his hymns. Some of them are close trans lations of Psalms, the hymns of the Old Testament Jews. Other portions of Scrip ture were also adapted and set to music. Still other hymns are adaptations of Gre gorian chants and old Latin hymns. One of the most interesting means of composing a hymn was the so-called contrafactum. This was a process by which words of a popular, secular tune were changed to words suitable for a church service. The melody remained the same, and so the hymn was easy to sing. An example of this type of hymn is “O Welt, ich musz dich lassen.” This hymn appears in our German hymnal, and its melody is used in The Lutheran Hymnal. The first verse is the secular version; the second, the sacred: Insbruck, ich muss dich lassen, Ich fahr dahin mein Strassen In fremde Land dahin; Mein Freud ist mir genommen, Die ich nicht weiss bekommen, Wo ich im Elend bin. O Welt, ich muss dich lassen, Ich fahr dahin mein Strassen In ewig Vaterland; Mein Geist will ich aufgeben, Dazu mein Leib und Leben Setzen gnaedig in Gottes Hand. Many of the early hymns were bom out of necessity; hence, originality was not considered a pre-requisite of a good hymn. The first Lutheran hymnal appeared in 1524. This book was rather small; in fact, it contained only eight hymns. Half of these were written by Luther himself, while the other four were written by his friends.

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The number of hymns increased rapidly, and enlarged hymnals were printed every few years. The German people responded with vigor both to the idea of congregational singing and to the type of music they were offered. The number of Lutheran chorales has increased steadily to the pre-

sent day, and their value and meaning to the congregation has remained undi minished. The effect of congregational singing has been summed up by one indignant Catholic in this way: “Luthers songs have damned more souls than all his books a. w. and speeches.”

THE CAMPAIGN ROAD Cor the hopeful public office seeker ■ nothing is quite so elusive as populari ty. Election years find him frantically try ing to pull his forces together, never real ly sure from what area or class his sup port may come next. Through the modem wonders of science, his speeches may pos sibly be heard and read throughout the country, and he himself may appear on nation-wide television. And yet, the alert politician senses that this is often not enough. There is something too cold and unappealing about merely circulating small pamphlets which include a picture of the candidate. It is only natural that he takes to the campaign trail, a recognized votegetter, letting the people get a glimpse of their man, and equipping himself with a smile, a few strong accusations against the opposition, and possibly a catchy slo gan. I

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The campaign trail has by this time become a well-trodden road. Office seekers have gone directly to the people since 1830 when rails first shortened distances across a sprawling America. It was, however, not until 1858 that campaign “whistle stop” trains got a booming start. Traveling throughout Illinois in the first train hired for political use, Senate hopeful Stephen A. Douglas announced with the roar of a cannon shot from a flat car his coming debate with a young political aspirant, a Mr. Abraham Lincoln. During his incum bency, President Andrew Johnson intro duced the Presidential Special in order to bring issues before the people, making his famed “swing around the circle,” going from New York to Chicago, to St. Louis and back to Washington, D. C., and touch ing on the still rather sparsely populated West. The year 1896 saw Presidential candi-

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date William Jennings Bryan traveling like a gypsy. Enduring sweltering coaches and cabooses, he visited 27 states, delivering 569 addresses — 24 in one 24-hour period Rough Rider Teddy Roosevelt piled up a total of 21,209 miles with 673 speeches as he sought the Vice-Presidency in 1900. A desire to meet the people in the flesh led William Howard Taft (1909-13) to tour far reaches of the country with some 418 addresses. During his term he covered ap proximately 114,500 miles, or more than four times the distance around the globe. The greatest rail traveler of all was Franklin D. Roosevelt, who held a record of 240,000 miles. It is said of him that he delighted in arranging his travel schedules. On one occasion he arranged a journey from Washington to San Diego, California, in which there was a 24-hour mistake. Rather than tell him of it, officials simply absorbed the time by wandering the train off its course. Destination was reached, “right on schedule.” Often embarrassing moments were ex perienced. In 1940 Wendell Wilkie threw the schedule of a whole railroad line into confusion by a long-winded speech. Nor was it uncommon, in a hasty effort to maintain schedule, to trap local well-wish ers on board train. By the time of Truman, nation-wide campaigning was a practice, taken-forgranted, so much so that it induced him to make twenty-four transcontinental tours In the 1948 campaign alone he journeyed some 32,700 miles. Earlier politicians seemed to follow the example of George Washington by not campaigning at all, but by letting others speak for them. One ironic case is that of 147

! William H. Harrison, who in 1836 decided to campaign, only to lose. He stayed home in 1840 and won. More recently the speed and conveni ence of planes have made it possible for candidates to campaign one day and be present for Senate roll call the next. All but the approach has changed. The “Hi there, fellah!” of Rockefeller will be a tra

ditional mannerism of many more candi dates to come. As long as voters can be influenced by personalities, personal cam paigning will be popular.

As one elderly gentleman said when asked what he thought of a certain candi date. “I really can’t say; haven’t met him yet.” J. M.

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"PROPAGANDA" VWhile we Americans sit complacently enjoying the luxuries of our land, a peril more dangerous than any that has previously beset us is at our doorstep. Ni kita Khrushchev lias said, “We are the young and aggressive and you are the de cadent civilization! We will wipe the me mory of capitalism from the face of the earth!” Communism fully intends to con quer the world by or before 1973. In fact, leaders of Communism have boasted that within the next decade a dictator will rule in Washington. D C Khrushchev says, “We will bury you. The actions of these Communists show (hat they mean it. Yes, this is a a fight to the finish. Do we, however, realize that this fight is go ing on right here and now? Fortunately this fight is not with guns and missiles as the Communists of Red China would have it. Khrushchev’s Communism is more sub tle. Propaganda is his missile. And these missiles of propaganda have landed all over the world, even in the United States. Lee Harvey Oswald did not just decide to become a Communist; socialistic propa ganda was given to him as a mere teen ager on the streets of New York City. This propaganda is nothing other than Com munistic and atheistic “missionary work.” Every day souls are lost to godless atheism through the efforts of these propagandists. But what can we do about this ? What can we as individuals do to stop this spread of Communism? As an old saying goes, “Fight fire with fire!” Does this mean that we should give our dollars to support or ganizations such as Radio Free Europe to spread our propaganda among the Com munistic nations? It seems that we as Christians should see a better way. We ought to fight the fire of Communistic 148

propaganda with the fire of the Gospel. It would seem that we could find much bet ter reasons for Christian missionary work than to fight against Communism; but shouldn’t this fight at least encourage us to further support missions? It is difficult for us to realize what would happen if the Communists would get control of our country. An official pub lication of the Committee of Un-American Activities of the House of Representatives points out that if Communism should come to the United Sttates it would mean that; 1) If you belong to a church, you must prepare for persecution. 2) The Commu nists would destroy every copy of the Bible that they could find. 3) It would be illegal for your children to attend Sunday School. 4) The Communists would indoctrinate your children in atheism. 5) Church wed dings, funerals, and baptisms would be illegal. 6) Missionary work would be ab solutely forbidden. Shouldn’t these threats all the more encourage us to show our love for Christ and His Word? But notice what a Communist news paper has to say about our efforts: “The Gospel is a much more powerful weapon for the renewal of society than is our Marx ist philosophy. All the same, it is we who will finally beat you. We are only a hand ful, and you Christians are numbered by the millions. But if you remember the story of Gideon and his three hundred companions, you will understand why I am right. We Communists do not play with words. We are realists, and seeing that, we are determined to achieve- our ob ject, we know how to obtain the means. Of our salaries and wages we keep only what is strictly necessary, and we give the rest for propaganda purposes. To this pro-

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that besides giving one-third of his day to Commuinsm he also gave half his income. And look at us. We give very little time (if any) to the spreading of Christianity. We are content to be Christians of conven ience. We give out of what is left over af ter buying new homes, new cars, sports equipment and other such “important” things. God has commanded us to do mission work and has promised that He will make our efforts fruitful. Do the Communists have such a command or promise ? Com munists work hard because they believe in Communism. How much do we Christians believe in Christianity?

paganda we also consecrate all our free time and part of our holdiays. You, how ever, give only a little time and hardly any money for the spreading of the Gospel of Christ. How can anyone believe in the supreme value of this gospel if you do not practice it, if you do not spread it, and if you sacrifice neither the time nor money for it? Believe me, it is we who will win, for we believe in our Communist message and are ready to sacrifice everything, even our lives, in order that social justice shall triumph. But you people are afraid to soil your hands.” Isn’t this evaluation true ? Lee Harvey Oswald gave his life for Communism, and a known Communist in San Francisco said

ROBERT BITTER, ’64

"BLOWIN' IN THE WIND"

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August 20, 79 a. d. — Pompeii The citizens of Pompeii today voted unanimously to revamp the age-old laws pertaining to chariot parking in their city. A committee of citizens and city officials will now take it upon themselves to solve the parking problem. The most vigorous complaints have come from citizens who must park their chariots in the open parking spaces just a short distance from the base of Mt. Vesuvi us. For many years now, Mt. Vesuvius has been spewing its ashes and soot daily over the entire parking area. In fact, the whole “campus” ’as well as the “urbs” itself has on occasion been blackened by the belch ing inferno. Several patricians who own the smaller, compact, foreign make chari ots have tried covering their possessions with synthetic wrappings, but even this has failed to some extent. Local jesters have suggested putting a cover over the top of the smoking mountain but everyone knows how impossible that would be. Citizens also have lodged complaints against two of the laws in the “Manusliber Civium.” Section II, A states that local chariots may not be parked next to the north end of the Forum in lot B. Local officials have defended their position re cently, saying that this area is for loading, unloading, and visitors’ parking. As long as other lots are available for the citizens’ chariots, they should be used; but then parking space A is so close to the base of Mt. Vesuvius.

Section II, I declares that every vehicle owner must pay an eight sesterces semi annual taxation for the privilege of park ing in the local lots. The majority of those who must pay this levy are not against the tax itself, but no one ever seems to know for what purposes this money is used. The opinion seems to be that if you can afford to drive a chariot, be it six or eight horse power, you can help pay the overall bills which Pompeii yearly receives. Perhaps if uninformed citizens were informed as to where these funds were going (provided they are used for matters pertaining to lo cal parking) no more objections would be raised. But Mt. Vesuvius remains as the great est problem. The ashes have been gushing out of the mountain so badly lately that a local vocal trio, Petros, Paulus, and Maria, have made sport of the situation in one of their recent releases. In part their redition goes as follows: How many times must a man wash his wheels, Before they’re forever clean. How many times must one man pay, Before he’s allowed to be free. How many times can they look to the sky, And pretend that they just don’t see! The ashes, my friend, are blowin’ in the wind, The ashes are blowin’ in the wind.

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Pastor R. Zimmermann, ’52, who had served at Our Savior Lutheran Church, Bismarck, No. Dakota, has accepted a call to our mission in Great Falls, Montana. He was installed on March 8, 1964. Pastor G. Eckert, '88, has accepted a call to Re deemer Lutheran Church, Hastings, Nebraska and will be installed in May, 1964. 1-Ie for merly served First Lutheran Church, Gary, South Dakota. Pastor D. W. Malchow, ’49, formerly of St. John Lutheran Church, Caledonia, Minnesota, has accepted a call to St. Lucas Lutheran Church,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He will be installed in April. Pastor Donald Johnson, '55, joined his congre gation, Trinity Lutheran Church, Red Gran ite, Wisconsin, in celebrating the dedication of their new church on March 1, 1964. Cross Lutheran Church, served by Pastor E. Neumann, Rockford, Minnesota, will dedi cate an educational annex on April 12, 1964. Pastor Paul Wilde of Hancock, Minnesota, has succeeded Pastor D. W. Malchow, ’49, as chairman of the Minnesota District Evange lism Commission.

SCIENCE 570x IV !

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your ears or stuff ina big wad of cotton, as the case may be. Next you cover yourself with a heavy blanket (or two), and put your head under the pillow. This will guarantee sleep of some sort.

LOUIE ANSWERS YOUR QUESTIONS \

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Dear Louie, I have trouble grabbing an afternoon nap, you know that refreshing bit of sleep that serves as a complement to the dozes I take all day. Is there any remedy for this? I. M. Tired Dear Tired, Try this proven recipe. First you make sure the windows and doors are tightly closed. Then you put earplugs in

Dear Louie, I don’t know whether I should use a dictionary alone or supplement it with a jimmy. With a dictionary alone it takes me a solid two hours to complete an assignment. With a jimmy I can do it in 150

Dear Dispirited, I may be all wet, but when was the last time you took a shower ?

only one hour, but I goof up on syntax questions and sight translations. What shall I use? JIMMY PFERD Dear Jimmy, Your head! Dear Louie, What can I do about hives? Lumpy Dear Lumpy, Are you concerned about your appearance or your honey?

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Dear Louie, I always feel frustrated when I go to dinner — I don’t know how to act. I checked all the etiquette books, but still I can’t get anything according to Hoyle. In fact, I’m more confused than ever. What shall I do? Hungrig Dear Hungrig, I refer you to my book How to Eat at Northwestern and Enjoy It. It gives you subtle hints on which slice of bread you should use or otherwise known as the art of turning the bread pile over until you come to the middle piece. It teaches you the art of getting the first whack and how to get the guy in the mid dle to pass the butter. It even has a list of choice phrases which you may use in case the waiter gives your bread plate to an other table.

Dear Louie, When I look for a wife, what qualities should I keep in mind? A. Senior Dear Senior, First of all your prospective wife should be rich, for obvious reasons. Secondly, she should be beautiful and posi tively charming (a runnerup to Miss Amer ica if possible, so people won’t notice your jaded and nervous condition). Thirdly, she should be intelligent enough to write your sermons — a knowledge of Greek and Hebrew would also be in order. Fourthly, she should be a good cook and industrious housekeeper. Indeed, she should be a per fect miss in every way. P. S. Believe me, these qualifications are guaranteed to keep you single. Confidential To Guy Who Didn’t Study You should have!

Dear Louie, How can I get a date up here? Undated Dear Undated, With a car! Dear Louie, I don’t know what to do up here. I’ve even run out of conversational material. Everywhere else they either talk about girls or baseball. Here we don’t have many girls, and baseball is still a ways off Everything else is Greek to me. What should I talk about? Bored Stiff Dear Bored Stiff, The weather. However, that’s dry too. Dear Louie, How old am I? Carl Otto Dear, dear Otts, ??? Dear Louie, Everyone has been avoiding me lately. Whenever I walk by, people turn away and look in another direction. Or whenever I try to join a conversation, the group breaks up and each one goes his own way. I’ve even been getting an inferi ority complex out of this. Please help me. Dispirited 151

CONFIDANTIAL To GUY Wl-IO WENT OUT,

You shouldn’t have. By the way, was it fun? SLANG SLINGING College slang or “campusism” here or elsewhere is really an interesting lot. To be sure, it is very descriptive. With this lingo a sophomore becomes a soph, stiff, or suffermore or a freshman becomes a frosh, freshie, greenie, scum. etc. The su perior student may be called anything from a mastermind to a weasel(?). The diligent student is often alluded to as a bookworm or a grease. One who uses a translation or key is often called a pony-rider, jimmy-man, schluff off. A collection of jimmies is a stable. A poor date is often designated as a cold potato, dead battery, flat tire, or even an iceberg. Whereas an English teacher is known as a comma hound, or a Latin teacher is a gerund grinder, the dean is often nick named warden or rex. The dormitory is referred to as a dorm or jail. An examination paper becomes a white plague, a car becomes a bug (though not a beetle ) and a lecture is a sleeper or chalk talk. To study is to crack the books or to grease. To study hard is to bear down or pour on the grease. To know something thoroughly is to have it down cold, and consequently you have no sweat. How ever, for most of us it is a big sweat just

to slime through. (Confer the American Thesaurus of Slang for other expressions of this sort.) NIGHTMARE You know, Northwestern has its affect upon us even in our sleeping hours. The other day Karl Gurgel had a dream that he was playing for the Milwaukee Braves. He was really keyed up and all ready to bat, when one of the NWC professors, who was sitting in a box seat, yelled to him and told him that he couldn’t play because he didn’t have his term paper in yet! NWC READING LIST 1. I’ve Finally Found Someone That Loves Me, by C.A.T. Winters. 2. Giving Up Studying for Lent, by J. Linn 3. Lexicon of Popular American Slang, by T. Duin. 4. How to Get an Easy Schedule, by B. A. Schluff. 7. How Not to Write the C & C, by Louie. BELIEVE IT OH NOT 1. The breakfast rule was not such an old tradition as you might think. It was first instituted in the fall of 18-oups-1955 up on the completion of the dining hall. 2. Howie Festerling firmly believes that Hebrew can be turned into a song, parti cularly in rock ’n roll. That’s what he and his class did to help themselves memorize “qatal” in its various forms. This they of fered as class participation. It’s good to see our musical training finally paying off ACH, DU LIEBE! I’ve been asked to reprint this letter from a third party, who wishes to have his name concealed. Incidentally, he had been going with this girl so long that he even taught her German. Here is an exact re print of the Brief-letter:

Liebe Hans, Wie geht es Ihnen? Ich bin jost fein. Ov kurz du findest das aus zum Norwestem. Erinnest du whan du heim gekommt hatte. Sache sind so differentzt als ein Monat vigo. Ich war nie so imbarassed in meines ganze Leben. Warum, du tumest die Stack Brote upseed dwon, reichest way akross die Table fuer die Butter and dann hast du das Gall zu snifen alles und eben fragst du fuer die erste Whacke on die leftueber Desert. Und dein Konduct ins Film Haus—geschiet es das du nie ein Maedchen gesehnt bevor. Wohl, letzte Wocke hatte ich ein interessante Partie. Alle die Heimknaben waren da. (Hast du gesagt dasz du Saturday nix off getten koennst?) Es war supposed zu sein ein Mixer wo alle die freshe Knaben metten die freshie Maedchen. Es arbeitet nix so gut, bekosz alle ich mette, waren Upperklassmaenne. Lae ter an ich war in ein andern Mixer und alle ich mette waren Busketball spielers. Memberst du wie wir plannten dasz du fuer Oester gekommt sollte. Wohl, du besser nix, bekosz Jim ein awfully nastie Temper hatte und beseids ist er viel groeszer als du. Oh, ya, ich denke dasz du andere Maed chen daten sollst, dieweil Ich soche gute Zeit gehabt habe. Diese Dinge kommen so sudden, du knownest. Wohl, es ist nix mein gefault. Also, du besser nix mein Brief answerst, bekosz du mightest gemushy gegetten. Ich bin sicher, dasz du understandest. Ich musz meine Writing gestopt, bekosz ich geht zum andern Mixer. Na, ya, so geht es in der Welt, Dein sehr liebstest Maedchen

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their striking stoles of white on silver in the V collar and back style. The touring choir of 48 will travel by Greyhound through Michigan and into Ohio and Illinois, following this schedule: March 25 Friedens Church Kenosha, Wis. Waukegan, 111. 26 Immanuel Benton Harbor, Mich. 27 Grace

Music Notes In preparation for the coming male chorus tour, Prof. Lehmann has made two acquisi tions. A set of lightweight but sturdy alumi num risers will lift the chorus to new heights, and new gowns in an untraditional ivy blue should add rich color to the appearance, with 152

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27 28 29 29 30 31 April 1 2 3 4 5

"The Heather On The Hill,” "Come To Me Bend To Me,” and “Almost Like Being In Love.”

St. Stephen Adrian, Mich. Zion Lansing, Mich. St. Peter Plymouth, Mich. Zion Monroe, Mich. St. John Bay City, Mich. Emmanuel Tawas City, Mich. Saginaw, Mich. St. Paul Detroit, Mich. Lola Park Apostles Toledo, Ohio St. Matthew, Benton Harbor, Mic. Lakeside School Lake Mills, Wis.

Dramatis Personae Marjorum Partium — Mark Lenz Tommy Albright — Errol Carlson Jeff Douglas Fiona Maclaren — Hedy Weiss — Donna Doehler Meg Brockie Charles Dalrymple — David Rutschow — Sue Leyyrer Jean Maclaren — Paul Kelm Harry Beaton Directing Bngadoon are Ralph Martens and Lyle Sonntag. Paul Kelm directed “The American Come dy Scene,” a performance presented February 22. The purpose of the show was to illustrate the changes in American humor from the slap stick of Vaudeville and the silent movies to the more sophisticated humor of a modern night club comedian. A narrative between the scenes

On March 1st, Northwestern's Music De partment presented a trombone and piano re cital by John and Janice Leisenring. The ar tistry of Mr. Leisenring, brass instructor at the University of Wisconsin, captured an appreci ative audience. Mrs. Leisenring, our piano in structor, accompanied her husband in addition to performing several solos. Two scheduled free concerts for this spring are on April 24, by the Brass ensemble of the University of Wisconsin, and on May 22, an organ recital by T. M. Otto.

<J .

!! 1 :! ! I

Forum Jots On March 19 Ghost A La Mode will be presented. This one-act comedy is under the direction of Dale Baumler and Harlyn Kuschel. The situation revolves around proof of the ex istence of ghosts by a philanthropic couple. Brigadoon, the final production of Forum, will represent a major undertaking and several firsts by the society when it is presented May 16th and 17th, Saturday and Sunday evenings. Following is a synopsis. "Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas, two young New Yorkers, accidently stumble on Brigadoon, an 18th century Scottish village which comes into being for only one day each century. They find the villagers happily par ticipating in the celebration of a wedding which should have taken place two centuries earlier. “Jean Maclaren is to be married to young Charlie Dalrymple, and everyone is pleased at the prospect except Harry Beaton, who also loves Jean. Tommy and Jeff, after some hesi tancy and confusion, enter into the spirit of the occasion. Their enthus;asm is sharpened by Tommy’s meeting with Fiona, a lovely girl, and the confused ensnarement of Jeff by Meg Brockie, a girl of more determination than charm.” Some of the well-known songs from the show are “I'll Go Home With Bonnie Jean,” 153

Narrator: Russ Schmidt gave some of the historical background. Fraternity Tau Delta Theta, the newly-organized cen tennial fraternity of the Junior Class, has moved into high gear in endeavoring to co ordinate plans for the centennial year. With an emblem of its own and sweatshirts to dis play it, the brotherhood lacks only a frathouse. Committees have been arranged and their work should be noticeable next fall. Sem Visit The seniors were guests at the Seminary's annual social affair, The Bone-Cruncher Game. Spirits ran high and the humor sometimes as high during the guided tour and post-supper program. Ominous forecasts of fall were fol lowed up by a jarring defeat for the seniors in the "game of the year.”

"The difference betiueen failure and suc cess is doing a thing nearly right and do ing it exactly right.” — Simons Northwestern 49 Milton 66 The Trojans played one of their best overall conference games of the season on February 4th before falling victim to the host team. Northwestern held an early eight point lead, but by half time they were down by one, 28-27. The first ten minutes after the intermission were nip and tuck. It was then that the Wildcats came on to outscore the Trojans 18-8 to ice their 66-49 win. Ron Hahm’s 14 points led the varsity. Northwestern 66 Concordia 63 Center Dallas Beckner paced the Tro jans to a 66-63 overtime victory against Concordia College on the eighth of this month in Milwaukee. The Trojans wiry, six foot, seven inch junior garnered 23 points, 17 of which came in the second half and overtime period. The first ha’, lead changed hands eight times before NAV.C. went ahead 41-39 at the midway point. The Black and Red maintained a slim advantage throughout the last half until, with 2:43 left, Concordia tied the game for the 14th time, 60-60. The Trojans then controlled the ball for the remaining minutes, working for a game winning basket. With four seconds show ing on the scoreboard clock, Hahm was fouled and moved to the charity line. His gift shot, however, rolled off the rim and sent the game into five minutes of extra curricular action. Beckner won the tip and then hit on two consecutive jump shots to insure the win for N.W.C. Two post-game free throws by captain Lynn Schroeder established the 66-63 final. Trinity 87 Northwestern 65 The Blue and White clad cagers from Trinity College of Chicago handed their host an 87-65 spanking on February 11th. The Windy City’s cagers accepted the gifts of the free-fouling Trojans by converting 31 of 41 charity tosses. 154

The Black and Red were already down by ten, 42-32, at the half and were unable to come any closer in the last twenty min utes of competition. Hahm collected 18 points in defeat.

Lakeland 123 Northwestern 85 The Lakeland College Muskies wallop ed the Trojans 123-85 on February 15th on the local hardwood. The Muskies, still smarting from the championship defeat dealt them by the football Trojans, used a pressing defense and a fast breaking offense to pile up a 61-48 half time lead. Six foot, eleven inch Wes Seyler and six foot, eight inch Chuck Davidson paced the Muskies to victory. The Sheboyganites hit a torrid 57% of all their shots. Seyler led all the cagers with 26. Beckner popped in 22 for N.W.C. Northwestern 2

U. I. C. 0

U. I. C. 0 Northwestern 2 Northwestern “won” its first two con ference games of the season on forfeitures from the University of Illinois, Chicago. Officials volunteered information which as serted that one of their own cagers had been ineligible throughout most of the season. The eight “losses” dropped the Chicagoans from first place to the cellar over night. Carthage 84 Northwestern 91 The Trojans won their fifth consecutive non-conference game on February 18th as they hosted Carthage College of Kenosha. N.W.C.’s omni-scoring forward, Ron Hahm pelted the visitors with 29 points, a season and career high for the springy sophomore. The first half was slow and deliberate as each team tried to get some type of scor ing punch going. The Trojans opened up a twelve point lead, but had it severed to six, 33-27 at the half. The second twenty minutes of action saw ragged play on both sides as the tempo of the game increased. Twice the Redmen narrowed the gap, but the Varsity managed to hold off these at tacks and roll to victory. :

;

George Williams 75

Northwestern 68

Eureka 71 Northwestern 61 The identical two Chicago teams which earlier in the season handed the Trojans a double weekend defeat and sent the Black and Red tumbling down the conference ladder finished where they left off by scour ging the Varsity on the 21st and 22nd in Watertown.

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George Williams had to rally to defeat N.W.C. on Friday night. The Trojan quin tet built up an early margin and led 38-34 midway through the game. The second half was dominated by the Indians. After they had closed the gap and tied the score, the visitors outpointed the Trojans 8-0 to take a 68-60 lead from which they coasted to victory. Halim tallied 16 for the collegiates. Eureka’s Jim Humphrey dumped in 35 points the next evening, and all the Tro jans’ men failed to put a consistent game together again as the Red Devils tripped the Varsity, 71-61. Even though in second half play the Trojans outscored Eureka 3936, their 13 point half time deficit was too great to overcome. Keith Schroeder netted 19 points and snared 18 rebounds for the losers.

Contact Lensc ? Basketball Summary The Gateway Conference provided more than ample competition for the Trojans this year. Three seniors will be graduated from this year’s squad. Captain Lynn Schroeder, Ralph Scharf, and Verdell Tassler have completed their Varsity careers. Next year Coach Pieper will have his top four scorers back. The experience gain ed throughout this season coupled with the possibility of several new faces on the Tro jans’ squad of next year promises better things to come.

M. I. T. 106 Northwestern 86 Plagued by another effective pressing defense and fast breaking offense the Tro Tip Ins and Extra Points When Walter Versen, Chicago football jans were run over by M.I.T. on February 25th in Milwaukee. Although the Black coach and Gateway Conference president, and Red had the upper hand during the announced the ineligibility of one of his first half, the glove was on the other hand own school’s cagers voluntarily, it was in the next twenty minutes of fast action like a breath of fresh air. With all the talk as M.I.T. scored 68 additional points to of game fixes and bets flowing out of our surge to victory. Beckner and Keith Schroe major colleges, Versen’s action ought to be an example to all, especially the Gate der turned in 20 point performances. way conference. Northwestern 85 Seminary 82 At half time of the George WilliamsOn February 29th the Trojans conclud Northwestern game, 22 Trojan gridders ed their cage season with an 85-82 victory and team manager, Marty Schulz, were aover the Seminary quintet, traditional last warded individual Gateway football cham game opponents. The Black and Red had pionship medals. Conference secretary, Ed to overcome a five-point half time deficit Pieper, presented the team trophy to cap to gamer their eighth win of the season. tain Bob Bitter. With ZVz minutes left in the game, a jump The man who deserves 99.9% of the shot by Verlyn Dobberstein broke a 75-75 credit for the title, Coach Umnus, was sat tie and paved the way to victory. Keith isfied to remain in the background. His Schroeder and Dallas Beckner led the Var reward to date: 122 wins, 49 losses, and sity with 20 and 18 points respectively. 8 ties. 155

If we have the same men umpiring our away-from-home baseball games as we had observing our out-of-town basketball con tests, it will be a long spring. Bowling Action Continues With four of its five regular bowlers averaging 150 or better, the East Gate Inn squad of Lauber, Babler, Diersen, Kastenschmidt, and Schewe is setting the pace for the remainder of Northwestern’s A.B.C. teams. The current standings are as fol lows: WON

East Gate Inn Mullen’s Piccadilly Green Bowl Pagel’s Minar’s Bowl-a-Fun Fin and Tail Ray’s Red Goose A1 Rippe

28% 23% 22

19% \9% 17 15% 15% 15% 12,'i

LOST TOTAL PINS

10% 15 16% 15% 19 21% 19% 23 23 26

24706 24429 24681 21367 22236 23972 21182 22048 21804 21393

Freshmen and Sophomores Tie For Basketball Honors Freshmen 4 and Sophomore 1 tied for this year’s first place intramural basket ball ranking. The teams were in opposite leagues, but since a playoff will not be scheduled, the underclassmen have been named co-champions. Freshmen 4 was made of R. Gorske, A. Zahn, R. Pasbrig, G. Groth, F. Bivens, A. Martens, R. Stuebs, T. Kuehl, and A. Micheel.

■I

J. Nolte, D. Toepel, D. Pagels, P. Zarling, R. Hellmann, A. Domson, K. Bode, D. Weiser, and T. Deters comprised the soph omore squad. Sohpomore I Senior I Freshman I Junior Senior Junior

The top five: D. Anderson M. Schwanke J. Schroeder P. Eickmann G. Dobberstein

Freshmen 4 Sophomore 2 Junior 3 Freshman 3 Sophomore 3 Freshman 2

5-0 3-3

3-1 2-3 2-3

1-4

5-0 3-2

4-1 2-3

1-4 1-4 ;]

' ; %

BOB TESCH, Repr.

WHERE

HERFF JONES CO.

SHARP

CLASS RINGS - MEDALS - TROPHIES Graduation Announcements — Club Pins Yearbooks — Chenille Awards P. O. Box 663 — Neenah, Wisconsin Parkway 5-2583

CUSTOMERS HAVE THE

CORNER ON FOOD, DRINKS AND AMUSEMENT

TAVERN 156

::s

BOWLING ALLEYS I

«! . ;!

BOWl-A-FUN, 766 N. Church Street BILLIARDS DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION, 108 Second Street CHEESE MILWAUKEE CHEESE CO., Milwaukee, Wis. CLEANERS EASY WASH, First and Dodge Streets ONE HOUR MARTINIZING, 1 E. Main Street PARAMOUNT CLEANERS, 621 Main Street TOP CLEANERS, 114 S. First Street VOGUE CLEANERS, 412 Main Street CONCRETE TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO., Watertown DAIRIES DAIRY LANE, Union Street MULLEN'S, 212 W. Main Street DRUG STORES BUSSE'S, 204 Main Street DOERR DRUGS, West Main Street MALLACH PHARMACY, 315 Main Street TETZ'AFF PHARMACY, 116 Main Street EYE GLASSES Drs. H. E. MAGNAN, 410 Main Street FLOOR MAINTENANCE DURAOEAN OF WATERTOWN, 1322 Randolph Street FLORISTS BIRKHOLZ FLORAL SHOP, 616 Main Street LOEFFLER FLORAL SHOP, 202 W. Main Street FURNITURE H. HAFEMEISTER, 607 Main Street KECK FURNITURE CO., 110 Main Street GARAGES A. KRAMP CO., 617 Main Street DODGE STREET GARAGE, Inc., 311 Third Street MEL'S GARAGE, 110 N. Water Street SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc., 305 Third Street VOSS MOTORS, Inc., 301 W. Main Street WITTE, FARR and FROST, Inc., 119 Water Street GROCERIES & PRODUCE BEAVER DAM WHOLESALE, Beaver Dam COHEN BROTHERS, Inc., Fond du Lac HARDWARE & SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE STORE, 304 Main Street REX DRAHEIM, Inc., 107 Main Street D. & F. KUSEL CO., 108 W. Main Street INSURANCE AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS, Appleton CHURCH MUTUAL INS. CO., Merrill, Wis. BOB LESSNER, State Farm Mutual 1024 Bouahton St. LUTHERAN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Iowa READY AGENCY, 424 N. Washington Street WM. C. KRUEGER, 312 Main Street JEWELRY HERFF JONES CO., Bob Tesch, Repr., Neenah, Wis. SAlICK JEWELRY, Main at Third Streets SCHNEIDER JEWELRY, 111 So. Third Street SCHOENIKE'S JEWELRY, 408 Main Street WARREN'S JEWELRY, 111 Main Street

attention!

LUMBER & FUEL HUTSON-BRAUN LUMBER CO., First Street WEST SIDE LUMBER CO., 210 Water Street MEAT MARKETS BLOCK'S MARKET, 112 Second Street JULIUS BAYER MEAT MARKET, 202 Third Street NEW YORK MARKET, 8 Main Street MEMORIALS ARCHIE BROTHERS, INC., 218 South First Street WATERTOWN MEMORIAL CO., INC., 112 Fourth St. MEN’S CLOTHING STORES CHAS. FISCHER & SONS, 2 Main Street KERN'S, 114 Main Street KRIER'S, 113 Main Street PENNEY'S, 201 Main Street MILLING GLOBE MILLING CO., 318 Water Street MUSIC GUYER MUSIC STORE, 109 N. Third Street LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS, 415 E. Main Street NEWSPAPER WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES, 115 W. Main Street OFFICE SUPPLIES MINAR OFFICE & SCHOOL SUPPLY, 407 Main Street ORGANS SCH ICKER ORGAN CO., Inc., Buffalo 17. N. Y. PAINTS ALBRECHT'S BADGER PAINT, 208 Third Street CHAS. DAVID'S SONS, 306 Madison Street SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS, 208 Main Street WURTZ PAINT & FLOOR COVERING, 117 Main Street PHOTO FINISHERS CO-MO PHOTO CO., 217-219 N. Fourth Street PHOTOGRAPHS AL RIPPE, 113 Second Street LEMACHER STUDIO, 115 N. Fourth Street PIZZA EMIL'S PIZZA HUT, 414 E. Main Street FIN & TAIL, 108 S. Third Street PLUMBERS GUSE, INC., Highway 19, West WATERTOWN PLUMBING & HEATING, 103 W. Cady RADIO STATION WTTN, 104 W. Main Street RESTAURANTS EAST GATE INN, Old Hwy. 16 East LEGION GREEN BOWL, Oconomowoc Avenue L & L LUNCHEONETTE, 417 East Main Street SCHUETT'S DRIVE-IN, 510 Main Street SHARP CORNER TAVERN. 9th & Main Streets WIL-MOR INN, 1500 Bridge Street ZWIEG'S GRILL, Main & Ninth Streets SAVINGS & LOAN WATERTOWN SAVINGS & LOAN, 3rd & Madison SERVICE STATIONS BURBACH STANDARD SERVICE, 701 Main Street KARBERG'S, 501 S. Third Street SHOE STORES MEYER'S SHOE STORE, 206 Main Street RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE, 212 Main Street SHOE REPAIR ARPS SHOE SERVICE, 119 N. Second Street SMOKE SHOP PICADILLY, 406 Main Street SUNDRIES F. W. WOOLWORTH CO., 312-20 Main Street S. S. KRESGE, 209-211 Main Street TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO, 200 W. Main Street VICTOR NOWACK, 610 Cady Street THEATRES CLASSIC, 308 Main Street TRANSPORTATION OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO., Oconomowoc

LEMACHER STUDIO

Merchants National Bank

115 N. Fourth Street

‘'The Bank of Friendly Service” Drive-In & Free Parking Lot

Phone 261-6607

MEMBER OF

“Graduation Portraits A Specialty”

FDIC & Federal Reserve System

Tetzlaff

Watertown Memorial Co., Inc.

. "THE BLOCKS"

Rexall Pharmacy

Quality Monuments, Markers and

Prescriptions — Drugs — Cosmetics

Mausoleums

116 Main Street — Watertown

112 N. Fourth Street — Watertown Telephone 261-0914

Telephone 261-3009

PLUMBING &

Telephone 2;

iuATING

S545

GUSE,

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL

HIGHWAY 19, P. O. Box 392

INDUSTRIAL

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Sinclair, ONE STOP DECORATING CENTER • MASTERCRAFT PAINT • LIGHT FIXTURES • WIRING SUPPLIES • VENETIAN BLINDS • FLOOR COVERING • WINDOW SHADES • FLOOR & WALL TILE • GLASS-MIRRORS • GIFTS—DISHES—TOYS • WALLPAPER

ty'ice. CilimaieA. on Any Siye. flab RESIDENTIAL • INDUSTRIAL • COMMERCIAL

KARBERG'S SERVICE

Complete Service and Road Service Phone 261-5561 501 S. Third Street

(pcuqsd’A (Bak&toj. Popcorn 114 W. Main Street

Potato Chips Watertown

•

Watertown

ZWIEG’S

GRILL Fine Foods Open Daily

SANDWICHES BREAKFASTS HAMBURGERS PLATE LUNCHES BROASTED CHICKEN & CONES MALTS & SHAKES Phone 261-1922

904 East Main Street

TOP CLEANERS

MALLACH PHARMACY

Special Student Prices With This Ad

J. J. Mallach, r. ph.

Suits $1.00 Trousers 490 20% Discount on other cleaning (cash and carry) 114 S. First Street

Phone 261-3502

G. J. Mallach, r. ph. Phone 261-3717 — Watertown

In Watertown It's

J&uin'A Smart Clothes for Men 114 Main Street

RibhUolfr QIxvigI SUofL Flowers — Gifts — Potted Plants “We Telegraph Flowers* 616 Main Street — Phone 261-7186 Watertown, Wisconsin

ART'S SHOE SERVICE Across From

THE NEW MOOSE LODGE

SHOE REPAIR Fast Service — Reasonable Prices

Watertown

LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS 415 E. Main WATERTOWN

116 N. Main OCONOMOWOC

EVERYTHING IN MUSIC Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music For Quality and Service Trade and Save at

DON'S NEW YORK MARKET Donald Sayler, prop. QUALITY MEAT and GROCERIES wholesale and retail

119 N. Second Street

Watertown

Phone 261-7516

8 Main Street

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS

=KECK

Everything in Paints and Wallpaper

i )

FURNITURE COMPLETE HOME FURNISHERS

208 Main Street

Phone 261-4062

Watertown, Wisconsin

COMPANY

FOR OVER A CENTURY

' ! ;

110-112 Main St. — Watertown

PHONE 261-7214

QUALITY BAKE SHOP

COMPLIMENTS OF Your Walgreen Agency Pharmacy

GEROLD OLSON, PROP.

High-Grade PASTRIES & CAKES Phone 261-4150

104 Main Street

The Busse Pharmacy A. E. McFarland

R. E. Wills

PARAMOUNT CLEANERS For Cleaning Well Done - Dial 261-6792 SPECIAL STUDENT PRICES

Leave Clothes with Russell Schmidt, Room 314 Pickup on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 621 Main Street — Watertown

Compliments of

DAVE'S CUE & CUSHION Lunches

it w-ith 'faow&ui"

LOEFFLER QIohgI Shop

Billiards 202 W. Main Street — Phone 261-2073

108 Second Street

J i

j : ) i

; : A

Gm.a» The Finest In

Family Entertainment

From A Friend

EASY WASH COIN

WAYNE'S AUTO SUPPLY, INC.

LAUNDRY STOP IN AND SEE US !

Across From the A & P j First and Dodge

Phone 261-9826 i!

404 Main Street

Phone 261-4249

You Are Looking at. a

Larry Reich's

SALICK Original Design We Import Our Own DIAMONDS GIFTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS

WIL-MOR INN 1500 Bridge Street

Watertown

On City U. S. Highway 16

EXPERT REPAIRS

WTTN FM

AM 1580kc — 1000 Watts

104.7 me - 10,000 Watts

DAYTIME

ANYTIME

L& L LUNCHEONETTE - SERVING 6:00 a. m. to 7:00 p. m. Daily Sunday 6:00 a. m. to 1:30 p. m. 417 East Main St. — Watertown

Co-Mo Photo Company Photo Finishing — Cameras Black and White — Color “We Process Films” 217-219 N. 4th Street

Watertown

Phone 261-3011

Duraclean of Watertown “FLOWER FRESH CLEANING” of Fine Furniture and Carpets

ARCHIE

BROTHERS, INC. MONUMENTS

Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Building Maintenance

‘The Best Need Not Be Expensive”

WAYNE STAUDE, OWNER

218 SOUTH FIRST STREET

1322 Randolph St.

Dial 261-3350

Victor G. Nowack WHOLESALE CANDY, GUM, SMOKER’S SUPPLIES

Compliments of

610 Cady Street

BURBACH

Phone 261-7051

Compliments of

GEISER POTATO CHIPS

Standard Service

and POPCORN

East Gate Inn

S. S. KRESGE'S

For Your

ONE STOP STUDENT SUPPLY HEADQUARTERS

Dining Pleasure East Gale Drive (Old Hwy. 16)

209-211 Main Street

SCHN^DER JEWELRY

Watertown

MEL'S GARAGE

Student Gift Headquarters Bulova — Elgin — Hamilton Cara\ elle Watches Columbia and Princess Diamonds Expert Watch Repairing 111S. Third Street

Automatic Transmission and General Repair Tel. 261-1848

110 N. Water St.

Dial 261-6769

Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our Finn is proud to have built the new pipe organ in the College Chapel

Bowl -A- Fun

766 North Church Street Phone 261-2512

Most

Modern

the

State

rambler

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READ THE

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(

Once again, the glorious season of Easter reminds all of us that with the Resurrection we are born again in Christ. Through the risen Lord we are reminded to join with others in the church's proÂ gram of sharing Christ. We wish for you a Happy and Holy Easter in behalf of the 715,000 members of AAL. AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS

Risen

Forrest E. Winters, FIC 320 McMillen St. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

Clarence R. Ferg, FIC P. 0. Box 322 Watertown, Wisconsin

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BLACK and RED

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CONTENTS EDITORIAL.................................................................

157

L. S.

158

Through the Rabbit Hole............................... Fred Toppe Poem: Sonnet to an Age...............................

160

Computers — Amazing Machines............... Roland Ehlke.........

161

To A Far Country............................................ Jon Engel................

162

From Cut to Boom............................................ ,Kurt Mau ................ The Grizzly and the White Man................. .Alan Siggelkow.......

164

The Baroque Era.............................................. Roderick Luebchow.

167

Poem: The Farmer and the Plow...............John Trapp..............

167

165

P. K.

168

Poem ................................................................. J. Braun..........

168

3,500 Miles on a Shoestring......................... .Dick Winters ..

169

Poem: On Christ’s Ascension....................... .C. T. Otto........

170

Poem: Focus................................................... Wayne Mueller

.... 170

Concession, Compromise, and Corrigibility

P. K.

.... 171

CAMPUS and CLASSROOM ................................ NEWS .......................................................................

D. G.

... 174

ALUMNI NOTES ...................................................

.... 174

Index to Volume LXVII

THE BLACK AND RED Since 1897 Published by the Students of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wisconsin

EDITORIAL STAFF Robert Christman ............. ............ ............. Editor Lynn Schroeder ........... .... .......... Assistant Editor Arno Wolfgramm............. .......... Assistant Editor DEPARTMENT EDITORS John Baumgart ...... ....... Campus & Classroom David Gosdeck_______ .................... Alumni Karl Peterson ___ ----------------- Sports Fred Fedke _____ --------------------- Art BUSINESS MANAGERS John Lawrenz ..... ....----------- Business Manager Paul Kelm .......... _____ Advertising Manager John Mittelstaedt -------- Advertising Manager ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT WATERTOWN, WIS., AS SECOND CLASS MATTER UNDER ACT OF MARCH 3, 1879. SECOND CUSS POSTAGE PAID AT WATERTOWN, WIS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR. SUBSCRIPTION $2.00.

Volume 67

.... 173

April 1964 COVER BY C. FRANZMANN PHOTOGRAPHS BY PAUL KANTE

No. 8

fcdUtohicrf VWhy are we forced to spend so much time working with Latin and classical Greek? We’ll never use these things after we leave Northwestern anyway. Wouldn’t it be more profitable to stress the practical side and have a curriculum that deals more with the problems that we’ll meet in the ministry? I just don’t see any sense in wasting so much time reading and writing about something that’s so far removed from the present day. These are some common complaints which one often hears expressed by a few students at Northwestern. They feel that the broad, basic foundation which our cur riculum tries to build through an intensive study of classical literature might have been the v a of doing things twenty years ago, but tl ines have changed too much for such -niculum to still be suitable to our nec s These methods once had merit, the} , but we should keep pace with our c;; aging world. In effect, they are saying “A BA (and the liberal arts education behind it) may have meant something then, but we need something more today. In liberal arts the academic stress is on literature, philosophy, languages, and his tory. The approach is mainly through reading and composition. By study in these fields the student acquaints himself with “the best that’s been thought or said by men.” This is the direction in which our courses at Northwestern are programmed to lead us. A chance to find out just how a heathen Greek, untouched by the influence of Chris tianity, interpreted the meaning and pur pose of life, an opportunity to discover a practical Roman’s ideas of morality, an oc casion to witness a Victorian’s struggle with his conscience as he tries to harmo nize for himself his established Christian principles and the conflicting arguments which science of that day brought against Christianity — these are some of the rea sons why our school feels such an inten sive study of these cultures is advantage ous.

Of course, an evaluation of these cul tures is only the beginning step in our edu cation. A formulation of our own ideals and philosophy, developed through an in terpretation that is based on Scripture, must follow. A study of Tennyson’s poems, for example, would have little merit in it self if the student would stop there. He must answer for himself the basic ques tions in life which the poet raised but did not adequately answer. Then once we have begun to form our own opinions we must communicate them to others. This necessitates the next ele ment in our liberal arts education, the mat ter of composition. That is the reason why so much emphasis is placed along the line of themes and term papers. To absorb something so that it becomes a part of you demands more than just a little reading and thinking about it. The true test comes later in trying to convey your own impres sions and evaluations to someone else. It is difficult to get others to understand what you say, but it is even more difficult to get others to understand what you have writ ten. In almost any field today mere knowlege is not enough. It is almost a must that you be able to communicate your ideas to others. Even in the business world this is about the most important single factor which leads to success. A young, aspiring junior executive soon finds that he has not really made his mark until he has some thing published in the trade journals. It is the same with other vocations. And surely we are aware that there is no one whose calling more requires an ability to communicate effectively than a minister entrusted with the precious Gospel! Those who are critical of a liberal arts curriculum with its emphasis' on becoming familial? with classical thought, an evaluat ing of such thought, and a communication of our ideas should take a closer look at the purposes of our school. Then they will see that our liberal arts education serves our purposes better than any other kind L. S. could.

157

THROUGH THE RABBIT HOLE

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The White Rabbit scurries through the • garden, takes out his watch, and mutters to himself, “Oh dear, Oh dear! I shall be too late!” and then disappears down a rabbit hole. Alice, “the most lovely, the most confused, and the most appealing little girl that English literature has pro duced” (“Reader’s Digest,” Jan. 1953, p.66) follows him into a Never-Never Land, whose inhabitants include, besides the ele gant White Rabbit, the King and Queen (“Off with their heads!”) and Knave of Hearts, the Cheshire Cat, who has an odd habit of slowly disappearing, beginning with his tail and ending with his grin; the conceited and monosyllabic Caterpillar and the Mock Turtle, the March Hare and the Mad Hatter, and their equally mad tea party. The book is Alice in Wonderland, the best loved and most often read book of nonsense in English literature. Its au thor was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known as Lewis Carroll. Lewis Carroll was bom in 1856 as a now, de plume signed to the comic verse written by a shy Oxford don, but C. L. Dodgson was bom in 1832, at the begin ning of the Victorian Age, at Daresbury Cheshire, where his father was the vicar. Though the family of eleven children, of whom Carroll was the first, was at least outwardly happy and content, the stem, infallible rule of the Reverend Dodgson and the rigid and ultra-pious upbringing under which he brought up his children left his mark on all of them. Three of the four sons became clergymen (one of them for eight years voluntarily served the eigh ty inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha, a lone ly and windswept island in the middle of the Atlantic), and only two of the eleven children ever married. After fourteen years at home, amusing his seven younger sisters with verses and drawings and games and absorbing a lot of Greek and more Latin, Carroll went to prep school at Rugby. Three years filled by fagging and doing lines passed, and Carroll was ready for college — Christ Church at Oxford, where, as it turned out, he lived for the rest of his life. After graduating in 1854 from Christ Church with a First Class (the top student) in mathematics, he

accepted a teaching post at the same col lege. The job required that Carroll not marry and that he be ordained. Carroll ac cepted the job and was later ordained, though he never accepted any parish, since he knew he couldn’t live the strict life re quired of clergymen, and because he stut tered. And so the Reverend Dodgson, his job dependent upon his celibacy, became a part of Oxford, teaching mathematics in its classrooms, and living the sequestered, almost monastic life that the Oxford dons led. During the vacations he traveled, go ing to the seashore or visiting Tennyson, Ruskin, the Rossettis, or Thackeray. And during the spring and summer he took the three pretty young girls who were the daughters of Dr. Liddell, the Dean of Christ Church, on boating trips up the Thames. As they rowed slowly up the river, Carroll told stories to while away the time. One summer day in 1862 Carroll told the girls a wonderful story about Alice and her ad ventures underground. One of the three girls, whose name was also Alice, begged him to write out the story for Her. Since she was his favorite, he complied, and he wrote and illustrated Alice in Wonderland for her. (Alice Liddell’s original and hand written copy of Alice sold for $150,000, the highest price ever paid for any book except early editions of Shakespeare and of the Bible.) Persuaded by friends, Carroll published Alice in Wonderland three years later. Carroll’s fame was instantaneous; both children and adults fell in love with Alice. (The story that Queen Victoria, enamored of Alice, told him to send her a copy of his next book and then received An Ele mentary Treatise on Determinants is only an amusing legend and certainly not true.) Now Carroll was in the limelight, and he didn’t like it. He didn’t need or want the money, and he detested the fame; when asked if he were Lewis Carroll, he always said that he and Carroll were two different persons. Carroll preferred to be left alone in his quiet rooms at Oxford, where he could pursue his two loves, mathematics and children. Although Carroll taught mathematics 158

at Oxford for twenty-six years and wrote ten books and sixty pamphlets on logic and mathematics, he was a failure both as a teacher and as a formal mathematician and logician. He hated teaching, and his pupils hated his classes; a former student said of his lectures that “they were as dull as ditchwater.” His mathematics were very elementary, and he was always far behind his contemporaries. He was con cerned with algebra and the purity of Eu clidean geometry, while they were delving into calculus and non-Euclidean geometry. His logic was neither original nor pro found. His books on mathematics and logic are, in spite of a humorous ap proach, ridiculously opiniated, scientifical ly unimportant, and extremely dry. But “Lewis Carroll was, in a tantalizingly elusive way, an excellent and un consciously deep logician.” (“Scientific American,” April 1956, p. 116.) When he tackled logic head-on, he was a failure. When he wrote for children and let logic run loose, he was a success. Examples tak en from his Alice books are widely used to show logic:-.] points. The whole of Alice in Wonderland is filled with such wonderful logical aberrations that it has been used as a textbook in inverse logic — a text on how not to think clearly. And Carroll’s mathematical talents don’t appear in the classroom or in his books on mathematics, but in his wildly imaginative mathemati cal puzzles, written only to entertain. Carroll also had a lifelong love and sympathy for children; but not for all child ren, for he said, “I am fond of children, ex cept boys.” Throughout his life he made a habit of collecting little girls. Starting with the Liddell sisters, young girls paraded through his bachelor quarters at Oxford and in summer visited him at the watering places of British society. He wrote them letters, in which he sent them four and three-quarters kisses, asked for a descrip tion of a non-camel crossing a non-desert, or told how all his ink evaporated, floated to the ceiling, and then came down as black snow. He entertained them at tea parties and taught them puzzles and games. He published an expurgated Shakespeare for them. And when they got too old, they departed, and Carroll found another little girl to be his favorite. Perhaps these girls reminded him of the seven younger sisters in his happier 159

childhood, or perhaps, since he was psy chologically incapable of and naive about adult love, he substituted affection for these girls and association with them for a more mature and responsible adult rela tionship. In 1881 Carroll quit his teaching job at Christ Church in order to devote his life to mathematical studies and to writ ing. By now he was confirmed in his bach elorhood, and his habits and eccentricities were firmly established. His tall slim frame was always dressed in black clericals and a tall black hat and black knit gloves, even in summer. He was a perfect Victorian gentleman, even-tempered, conscientious, somewhat sentimental, prim, and deeply religious. He spent these last years in “in venting new ways of playing chess, learn ing Italian in three days, devising intricate formulas for beating the odds on horse racing, preaching rarely and attending the theater a good deal, and keeping notes on all the little girls who became his friends.” (“Newsweek,” March 8, 1954, p. 94.) He also kept notes on his notes. He wrote a precis of every letter he wrote or received from 1855 until his death (1898), number ed the precis, and put them into ledgers. At his death the number of these precis had reached 98,721. Carroll was an expert photographer. He is called “the most outstanding photo grapher of children of the nineteenth cen tury.” (Newsweek,” March 28, 1950, p. 94.) Tennyson and Prince Albert (Queen Vic toria’s consort) greatly admired his work; Tennyson said of one of his portraits that it was the most beautiful photograph he had ever seen. In his later years, especially, Carroll’s mind was constantly engaged in problems of mathematics or logic. When his life long insomnia prevented sleep, he invent ed and worked out mathematical prob lems in his head (finding a short way to divide 86781592185703152714092 by 9993 in order to drive away what he called “un holy thoughts.” He was fearful that his mind, if allowed to work unhampered, would come to unsuitable conclusions about religion, and perhaps destroy his faith. Seventeen singularly uneventful years after his decision to quit teaching, Carroll died. There are few writers who wrote so much as he did (256 items), and yet are

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remembered for so little. Alice in Wonder land is his most famous work; its dream world is known to all. The success of Alice in Wonderland was repeated nine years later by Through the Looking Glass, which tells of Alice’s adventures in a backward land, where the concepts of time and space are nullified in prophetic anticipation of Einstein. Other books, nominally for children, followed this pair; they become inferior to the brilliance of the Alices. Carroll also wrote poetry: ‘The Jabberwocky,” and ‘The Walrus and the Carpenter,” and mangled nursery rhymes, and parodies on ballads and on Longfellow, Swinburne, Wordsworth, and Tennyson. In all his humorous books Carroll plays around with and equates words as if they were mathematical formulae. He uses puns. He shows the humorous and illogi cal aspects of the English language. (“I see nobody on the road,” said Alice. “I on ly wish I had such eyes,” the king remark ed in a fretful tone, “to be able to see No body /” or “I beg your pardon,” said Alice. “It isn’t respectable to beg,” answered the king.) He coins new vibrant words from two old dull ones, i.e. snake and shark—

snark, lithe and slimy = slithy. Carroll shows us that mathematical and logical precision have a place in writing. Carroll is of that tiny class of writers — dreamers, humorists, satirists — who wrote for children, but who appeal to all ages. Among these select few are Charles Lamb, Hans Christian Anderson, and Sir James Matthew Barrie. Their books of non sense are never childish. Carroll sees the world for the mad place it really is; he “leads mankind into a world that is both sad and hilarious, wondrously nonsensical, and yet vividly relevant.” (“Time,” July 6, 1962, p. 66.) His books fit so many of the comical situations in the real, mad, cha otic world. And so this Oxford don, a professional mathematician and logician, a stammering clergyman, an excellent photographer, an incomparably charming and imaginative writer for children and adults simultane ously, the most famous Victorian uncle and lover of children, an emotional and mental cripple, has achieved a place in the hearts of the world’s children, and in the hearts of the world’s lovers of nonsense whimsical humour. FRED toppe, ’67

SONNET TO AN AGE I marvel at former grandeur, in rhyme, Not as historian restoring an age, Not as man so cultured, considered so sage. Digging for shards, and fossils in lime. He’s completely bereft of that spirit sub lime That moved these ancients — unable to gauge How coldly we’d view in our haste that page To pause, build, record such beauty for time. In simple devotion to gods they gave Time, honor, wealth, of themselves, from their heart, These heathen, though simple, yet proud in their art. Our world is a striving, the goals we crave Are position, material, wealth; then we start To find time for our God in the face of the grave. p. K. 160

COMPUTERS - AMAZING MACHINES Today we hear and read more and more ■ about computers. These machines, al so called calculating machines and elec tronic brains, are playing an ever-increas ing role in our society. In the United States twenty thousand computers do everything from mixing tuitti-fruitti ice cream to help ing in vital military decisions. Computers range in size from little desk-size models to monsters that fill sev eral rooms. They rent for $2600 or $175, 000 a month and sell for between $20,000 and $7 million. Calculating machines are so complicated that few people really try to explain how they work. These wonders are able to read and store data at the ama zing rale of .100,000 characters per second. Computers are used in industry, science, business, medicine, government, agricul ture, and just about everything else. Some electronic computers are more novelty than anything else. One machine was made » play checkers. It usually beat its invent* Another can read hand writ ten letter Each letter in the code of the computer i a simple series of numbers. The letter C ' is 234556667700044433222 11076. Other “Tin Mikes” are used in some what more practical pursuits. There is a computer to imitate handwriting, write on its own, and verify signatures on checks and documents. The government uses one to translate technical Russian writings in to English (1800 words a minute versus a human’s 2600 words a day). At Georgia Tech a computer assigns football seats to old grads — on the basis of their activity during the year. Some more elite calculating machines play still more important roles, roles which affect hundreds, thousands, and even mil lions of people. The post office in Provi dence, Rhode Island, is almost completely run by machines. In all kinds of factories computers are proving faster and more efficient than humans. Two workers, plus computers, can turn out as many radios as two hundred men used to. Machines are making more and more decisions for big business, and there is less human hunch playing and fumbling. Many are used in medical research such as testing blood 161

samples. Our government alone has 1200 computers. They are greatly relied on (some fear too greatly) for making mili tary and political decisions. Our late Presi dent had computer-given information on the religious and foreign affairs issues in the 1960 campaign. The machine also fig ured out his opponents’ probable style of campaigning. How much this information was used we do not know; nevertheless, it was there. These mighty wonders of the modern world are, however, fallible. That checker playing computer beat its inventor — un til he learned how to play checkers better. The Russian-translating machine is fast, but leaves a little to be desired as far as syntax and word usage go. For example, it does not seem to realize that a certain word should be translated as “hydraulic ram,” not “water-goat.” A certain factory had a little trouble with its machines. They wouldn’t pick up the scrap metal that was lying around. The plant finally hired a man with a wheelbarrow. An army supply computer subtracted instead of adding. This cost that army base over $9 million in new equipment. And that wonderful Providence post office worked just fine — until Christmas. The computers didn’t know the difference between stamps and Christmas seals. Despite these sometimes funny and sometimes costly failings of the machines, the computer people are still confident. They say that these mistakes are the faults of the people using them or the technicians or designers. The error in computers is being cut down to one mistake in ten bil lion operations. Yet, the most amazing thing about these machines is their future. Mathematicians and scientists have big plans for them. Some go so far as to say that future com puters will be more intelligent than man. Even now calculators can “think” and work much faster than humans. Only in the area of literature, art, and music are they behind. This is because machines have no emotions. But scientists are work ing on that. They are also developing machines which are able to reason and deal with new situations, just as humans

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world, as in science fiction movies; but they may become so important that they will control all of man’s actions by their very existence. Many fear that the big danger of future generations will be in tellectual laziness — let “Tin Mike” do it. Then the world will center not around man, but around his own creation. What ever the case may be, we shall find out soon enough. We shall be hearing and read ing much more about computers in the ROLAND ELKE, ’66 near future.

do. As yet computers have not produced any new, worthwhile ideas for mankind; but that too is in the future. Future cal culators will “improve their breed” by de signing new and better computers. Yes, the computer of the future will be much like the human brain, except better. One mathematician says that the only hope for the ensuing computer-run society is that “we may learn how to design our children on the machines.” Computers may never take over the

TO A FAR COUNTRY ^^ne year ago today, who would have guessed that 1964 would find me a resident of Zaruma, El Oro, Ecuador? Surely not I — that is, not until the first siege of my annual case of spring fever. It was this malady that turned my thought toward change and adventure. The Peace Corps seemed to offer what I was looking for, and I joined. There were fifty-six of us at Montana State College in Bozeman last June to be gin training for the Ecuador Heifer Pro ject. Thirty-one of these later came to Ecuador. The training days were long and hard. Beginning at 6:00 A. M. with forty-five minutes of physical education, we finally ended the day at 10:00 P. M. after the last of four daily Spanish classes. Spanish, of course, was greatly em phasized, and the newest teaching method, the audio-lingual, was employed. Further training was given in Ecuadorian history and geography, American culture, world affairs, Communism, cross-cultural com munication, overseas living, health, and numerous technical areas. Nor did the week-ends offer any rest. They were spent in an outdoor living pro gram, complete with rigorous hikes and camp-outs in Montana’s Rockies. At the end of August, with part of our training completed, we headed for Patzcuaro, Nichoacan, Mexico, and part two. The month spent there in getting acquaint ed with the Latin culture was relaxing and indeed a welcome from the go-go in Mon tana. We had time to observe and enjoy the art, music, and natural beauty of Old Mexico.

Four hours of flying time after our take off from Mexico City I walked into the O’Hare Terminal Building. It turned out to be a two-day trip from Chicago to my home in Maribel, Wisconsin, however, for I had decided to take the opportunity to visit some friends along the way. I had ten days to take cave of the last minute necessities, purchase: packing and farewells. The first two of thc> were easi ly taken care of; I merely \\\ to a near by discount house and bougie fifty dollars worth of indispensable item- a id packed them along with everything else i own in to suitcases and foot lockers. The last of the three didn’t really pos.. any prob lem either, for in my case there didn’t hap pen to be a “sweet young thing” to pledge herself to two years of miserable loneliness on my behalf. And by this time my folks had resigned themselves to the idea of my going. With the ten days a part of history, I scooted off to New York and a look at the big city — or as much as you can see in a day when you are a stranger, you know no one, and you’re trying not to look too ob vious in your gazing at grandeur. The National Airlines DC-7 left Idlewild at 11:00 P. M., October 4, and finally settled down fourteen hours later in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, nestled in the An des 9348 feet above the sea. If there is anything that makes one tired, it’s high altitude when you’re not used to it. I was n’t. For the three days that I was there, I felt a constant urge to forget everything and slump into Morpheus’ arms. The next two weeks were spent in the villages around Quito with the Peace Corps

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volunteers who were working in the area, and who already had a year of experience. This was to help us get acquainted and “learn the ropes.” And then it was off to the final place ment conference. All through training I had been wondering exactly where I’d be sent, and now as the time drew nigh, I was a bit nervous and excited. Then it came. “Zaruma.” Fine, I was going to Zaruma; I didn’t know a thing about it, but I had my town at last. I soon found out what Zaruma was like, though it did not seem like soon. The bus trip the next day to Zaruma lasted fourteen and one half hours, and I’m sure that, try or not, the bus driver hit every bump in the road. At best, this “road” was a two-lanc gravel affair, and much of the time it was a one-lane chuck hole. Along about the ten-hour mark, after it was too dark to see the countryside any longer, and the bumps were starting to get to me, I began to wonder if we should ever get there md also if perhaps I might not have beei better off back home where there we:- ood roads and it didn’t take so long to t». I such a short distance. But at last v id arrive and I ended the day in welcoi- sleep. The next morning the fellow with whom I as to work showed me around the village. I was greatly impressed by the narrow winding, cobblestone streets, the steep hills, the tall frame buildings with their balconies, and the parks, com plete with fountain and palm trees. Tran quil and picturesque, Zaruma promised to be a pleasant place to live. After a few days of sleeping on the floor of my new partner’s office, I found a room. A factory owner said that I might convert one of the back rooms of his fac tory into my living quarters. I was hap py to accept the offer. When he first show ed me the room, it looked a lot like a fac tory storeroom, which it was. What does it look like now? Pretty much the same, except that it now stores my things in stead of the factory owner’s. Money goes further for me here than it ever did at home. The “storeroom” is free, my meal ticket for one of the local restaurants costs me s/240 (sucres) or $12 per month, laundry service is s/30 or $1.50 monthly, and haircuts are s/3 or $.15. Thirteen dollars and sixty-five cents does 163

n’t seem bad at all to me for one month’s necessities. However, before anyone decides to rush down here to cash in on the inexpensive living, I should like to mention that my living is not quite what it was in the Uni ted States. My room has only cold water, the meals at the restaurant are at least half rice, the laundry lady uses rocks to beat the clothes out of the dirt, and the barber has only a manual and often times not too sharp clippers. My work here is mainly in agriculture, and I work with the Extension Agent here in Zaruma. At first I wondered about be ing placed in agriculture, but now I feel that I can be of service to the farmers, es pecially in the area of management and feeding of cattle. By utilizing my sum mer silo building experience, my general farm background, and a few good books on the subject, I have become what, for all practical purposes, is something close to an expert. As far as recreation goes, without try ing, I have become a member of the local Social and Sporting Clubs, where they play ping pong, billiards, cards, bingo, chess, etc. I have also begun a softball team, and there seems to be a strong in terest in that. They also have a pretty good basketball squad and a rough and ready soccer team. On neither of these do I participate. Furthermore, should I ev er have the desire to swim, there are five pools scattered about the town. How is the Peace Corps in general help ing the country economically? I believe it is doing as much as any of the other forms of aid, but it’s certainly not working any miracles. This is an old, old country with a lot of tradition. People do things the way their grandparents did them, and they aren’t about to change their ways at the biding of a few gringos — at least not on the spur of moment. Here one must make haste slowly. I was certainly happy to have the op portunity to come to Ecuador and see the life in this part of the world first hand. Now that I have come, I’ve learned a great deal, not the least of which is to be grateful for the many things that I’ve always had and taken for granted, things that for a great number of people always have been and always will be an impossibility. JON ENGEL, ’63

FROM CUT TO BOOM ? C leven and one half billion dollars is ^ a lot of money. If such a sum were distributed among the corporations and people of the country during a period of two years, the result would be an economic boom, greater than any we have ever had. At least this is the hope of the President and his Council of Economic Advisers. Basing their hope on a theory which has not yet been proven, they have decided that a tax cut is the answer to this coun try’s economic problems. President Johnson listed these goals for the cut in his State of the Union Mes sage: raise the gross national product; make available more jobs; increase the economic pace of the country; prove that the theory behind this tax cut is correct, i. e., that it will stimulate investment. These goals include virtually the entire in ternal economic picture and thus are worthy goals indeed. But, what are the chances of attaining them? What are the risks? What does the tax cut mean for the individual? These are the practical issues which concern many observers. The present tax cut theory was first introduced several decades ago by a Bri tish economist, John Maynard Keynes. Ac cording to his theory, the Council of Eco nomic Advisers estimates that 93% of the total tax cut will be spent again by tax payers. This, they say, will force higher production, raise employment and produce higher payrolls. Increased consumer spen ding will force industry to invest its share of the cut to increase production facilities. This growth in economic activity is ex pected to add eighteen billion dollars to the gross national product. Eventually this single tax cut program is expected to raise the GNP by thirty billion dollars dur ing a period of several years. A Vice President of Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, however, pointed out that since the cut is to be spread out over several years, much of its impact will be lost. He believes a cut should spur rapid growth now. Thus he sees a risk of “too little and too late." On the other hand, some bankers have pointed out that if the cut does stimulate the economy, the result may be inflation. They maintain that the economy is already

quite healthy; therefore they are wonder ing whether the government will be able to stave off wage-price inflation in a strong ly stimulated economy. They have in mind the example of Great Britain. Last spring that govern ment cut taxes also. Lately prices, wages, and consumer spending have been getting out of hand, forcing the government to raise the interest rate on bank loans to combat inflation. Thus, success of the tax cut depends on whether inflation can be averted. Our only hope on this matter is Johnson’s pro mise to . . keep a close watch on price and wage developments, with the aid of an early-warning system which is being set up in the appropriate agencies.’ Wheth er such a system is practical is open to question. Another risk which the cut imposes on the country is that of raising the na tional debt. In effect the government is borrowing from the people (raising the national debt) to cut taxes. After the eventual increase in revenues, the govern ment will be in the same position ns be fore the cut; namely, it will be necessary to borrow again to stimulate the economy. In order to avoid this risk, the government must practice more frugality of the type found in the new defense budget, which has been reduced by one billion dollars. Unemployment will continue to rise, in spite of the expected benefits of the cut. The work force is growing faster now than last year. Many taxpayers who are now making plans for spending their tax cut on luxur ies will be surprised to find that they will not be able to keep the extra money. Be cause of the federal tax cut many state and local governments will raise their tax rates. In some states the increase is auto matic when the federal tax decreases. Another warning to small taxpayers was reported in the “Wall Street Journal.” Prominent bankers are saying that indi viduals who will use their tax cuts as down-payments, expecting to borrow the rest, may be unable to obtain a loan. This is because corporations will want extra loans too, and banks give priority to busi ness loans as a matter of policy.

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Whatever practical weaknesses the tax cut theory may have, there is common agreement that the cut will spur economic growth in this country. Since the exact

limits are not known, we can onlv hone that the tax cut theory is applicable to our economy, KURT mau, ’68

THE GRIZZLY AND THE WHITE MAN T he grizzly bear, silvertip, or “Old E* phraim,” as the mountain men called him, was the strongest and most feared animal in the American West. The range of the grizzly extended from Mexico to the Arctic Ocean and from the West Coast area to the eastern tree line of the Great Plains. The grizzly seems to have liked the wide open spaces, for he preferred the Great Plains and the regions of the moun tains above the limberline. These he ruled by means of his strength, size, and fierce temper. The grizzly may be called the sym bol or the spirit of the early American West, for lie was wild, fierce, strong, and unpredictable all first class characteris tics of the early American West. We first : ir of the grizzly bear and his relationwith the white man from the log of tl • Lewis and Clark Expedition. Clark writes ihat the Plains Indians re spected the :./> zly bear so much that an Indian got more prestige from the singlehanded killing of a grizzly than from kil ling an enerm in war. An Indian’s great est honor was the string of grizzly claws which he wore about his neck. A grizzly bear was hard to kill, especi ally with the primitive weapons of the In dians and with the trapper's muzzle-load ing rifles. Many times the bear would keep charging and fighting with arrows and bul lets through his heart. Several times men of the Lewis and Clark expedition were chased by bears which they were sure they had shot through the heart. The men escaped the bears by climbing trees or by swimming rivers. Later they would find the bear lying dead. After examination they often found that they had shot the bear through the heart; yet the animal had chased them for several hundred yards! For big animals, weighing up to and above 1000 lbs., a grizzly could move very fast and could easily outrun a man. But the bears did not normally attack a man unless surprised or provoked, or un less a man happened upon a female with 165

her young. Then a man had the chance for one quick shot and a dash for the near est large tree, and he had better be a fast climber. The grizzlies were extremely curious, and there are many accounts of men be ing followed by a grizzly for many miles. The bear followed each step which the man took, step for step, imitating the man’s length of step and his direction. But the bears were unpredictable, and the safest rule for any man to follow was to stay out of their way, unless the man was well prepared for a fight. One of the famous stories of a white man fighting a grizzly is the legend of Hugh Glass, a legend which contains a generous amount of truth. While hunting on foot a short distance from his trapping party in 1823, Hugh suddenly came upon a female grizzly with two small cubs. The bear was upon him before he could raise his gun and she knocked it from his hands. Her next swipe practically tore off his scalp. Hugh pulled out his knife, dodged the oncoming paw and hugged the animal, plunging his knife into her. He kept hugging and stabbing the bear, staying within the reach of her arms so that she could not hit him and bash his head in with one blow of her paw. Her claws dug into his back again and again and she shredded his back until his rib cage showed. When Hugh weakened and lost his grip on the bear, she picked him up by the head and flung him to the ground. After cuffing him about a bit she picked him up in her teeth, breaking his leg and wrenching it out of the socket. Then she tore a hunk of flesh out of his rump and flung it back to her cubs. She staggered a little, grabbed at her punctur ed chest which was spraying blood, and fell over dead on top of Hugh’s still form. The rest of the party came up and shot the two cubs. They sewed up Hugh’s many wounds with deer thongs. Because of an approaching band of Indians, they hid him

found in the legends and the histories of the West. With the coming of the white man the grizzlies lost most of their fights against man. Man’s high powered weapons and his dogs were too much for him. Besides, the grizzly is a loner, and he likes wide open spaces away from civilization. Like the Indians, he was killed off and confined to inaccessible mountain regions. Here he can still be found, the lonely lord of his wilderness domain. The plains which he once roamed and ruled are now ruled by his old enemy, the white man.

and after covering him with the she bear’s hide, they left him to die beside an open grave. But Hugh didn’t die. He awoke from his coma, set his own leg, and crawl ed on his two hands and one good leg one hundred miles south to the Cheyenne Riv er. There he built a small dugout canoe and floated down the Cheyenne and Mis souri rivers to Fort Kiowa. He brought the front claws of the grizzly along with him so that he could make a chain of them and wear them around his neck. This is one of the more fantastic of the stories of a fight between a white man and a grizzly. There are many more to be

ALAN SIGGELKOW, ’65

THE BAROQUE ERA

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W/henever we try to describe the movements in art and music, we always like to be able to classify our findings in neat little categories. Although such hardset categories would make explaining the trends in the fine arts easier, we might as well forget about being that definite, be cause art is produced by individual artists who aren’t bound by any rules. Since every artist follows his own inspiration, there are bound to be contradictions at every turn. The only thing we can do is consider all of the works of art collectively and then take note of general trends. These general trends are especially noticeable in the ways in which artists are expressing themselves, and these give us a basis by which we may split the progress of art into periods. One such period is the Baroque Era. The Baroque Era began with a move ment against the Renaissance modes of expression. This is most easily illustrated by the field of art. Renaissance artists were idealists; they painted only the most aes thetically beautiful subjects and portrayed them as they thought they should be, rather than as they really were. When ar tists began to go out of their way to paint life with all of its faults, the trend was against the old idealism. As it happened, this was the beginning of the Baroque per iod. The date 1600 is often used to indi cate its beginning. Here again it is im possible to be definite, but at least it gives us a general idea of when the change took place. The Baroque Era was marked by con-

siderable change and inconsistency. With in the 150 years of its duration, enough changes took place in the last 50 years to make discussing the entire age as an artis tic whole very difficult. The most conveni ent way of handling these inconsistencies is to divide the entire period into two main phases and discuss each one separately. These two phases have been called early baroque and late baroque. Early baroque, which is coincident with the 17th century, was a time of invention and experimentation. People were tired of the Renaissance way of doing things; con sequently, they were restless and eager for change. Since there was nothing else to turn to, they had to find new means of ex pression. Like most experiments in the beginning stages, the results weren’t too good. In their enthusiasm to have some thing different, they tended to go com pletely overboard with extravagance. The architecture that developed is a perfect ex ample of their extravagance. Take a look at the Palace of Versailles, a well-known structure from this period. The impression first received is overwhelming. The mass of colors, the overabundance of scrolled decorations, and the over abundant statu ary seem to overpower one. But note in particular the complete departure from Renaissance ideals (straight, clean lines, uncluttered by countless details). This was the early baroque man’s way of reacting to the emotions he felt, and he was severely attacked for it by later gener ations. Some people maintain that the

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word “baroque” comes from the Italian to bind themselves with rules. We are now word “baroco,” which means an irregular entering a different phase of the Baroque or deformed pearl. That in itself isn’t very Era — late baroque (1700-1750). This complimentary, but the disdain of the 18th phase displays a people who, satisfied with and 19th centuries surpassed this when what they have developed, wanted to keep they used the term “baroque” to refer to what they had. They are now governed any art of corrupt and extravagant taste. by Reason, which they believed was su Today this view has changed after recon perior to all else. Attempts were made to sidering the things that the Era accom rationalize the arts by making them sub plished. A favorable balance is achieved ject to sets of rules. We all are familiar when we consider its contributions in light with the literary situation in England at the of the fact that the people had to start time of Alexander Pope. People thought they had reached the ultimate style of from scratch. We are particularly indebted to the writing poetry, wanted to keep it that way, early baroque men for their pioneer work and imposed rules for writing poetry on in music. The innovation that is closest their fellow poets. In the field of music to us is the use of a solo melody with all Bach was following rules for the expres the other voices accompanying; you will sion of various emotions. Charpentier said recognize this as the style in which all of that you had to do it by using a special key our hymns are composed. Another con to represent a particular passion. C major tribution of theirs was opera. It was dur was to represent a gay or warlike emotion. ing this age that the first opera was writ This self-satisfaction and emphasis on form ten. Instrumentalists are indebted to the distinguished the late from the early ba Baroque Age for furthering the develop roque so sharply that they must be treated ment of the orchestra. It was during this separately to give an accurate picture of period that the string section became the the age as a whole. “backbone” of the orchestra, a position it The Baroque Age lies between two ages still occupies today. The very important that are direct opposites of each other — concept of making music express emotion the Renaissance Age and the Romantic was also developed. Certainly these im Age. In effect the Baroque Age forms a portant; contributions counterbalance any bridge between the two. Perhaps this fact bad points that can be said about the age. will make it easier to understand the state As time passed, the restlessness and of confusion that existed throughout most youthful experimentation of the early ba of the age. RODERICK LUEBCHOW roque cooled, and people once again tended THE FARMER AND THE PLOW Tall of stature, Titan’s mold, With hairy hand and pensive brow, Some ancient deity, he stood And rested calm against his plow. The sweat that greas’d his weary cheek Had envied Vulcan’s bronzed face, Now farrow’d deep with Cronus’ lines But ne’er a marking of disgrace. Unbowed beenath his aged weight, The plow of oak and bound with twine Controll’d the hard-worn point and share From Artu’s sand-swept iron mine. What of the plow, and what the man, A sketch against the fainting sky? The plow must bow with rust and rot. Yea, strongest men must ever die. JOHN TRAPP, ’66 167

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CONCESSION, COMPROMISE, AND CORRIGIBILITY . Two boys playing basketball parted I quarreling, one pouting, clutching his ball, unwilling to concede a point. The other was a study in obstinacy, equally as intractable and adamant. Neither lost his point, but then neither won; nothing was accomplished and no one had fun. Concession in a child is rare; in ma ture, intelligent adults, too, is it all too rare. To acquiesce and concede in minor disagreements and petty differences seems to be against the grain of human nature and its stubborn pride. Yet, how important to human relations this selfless appease ment. policy is! The world is divided by many such trivial dissensions. The pro gress of a nation can be impeded by bull headed subjectivity. A school, too, can on ly be hurt by incompatibility and incon gruity. The ironic thing is that nothing is ever accomplished where no one concedes and everyone is right. Two factions pulling in opposite directions can not achieve any worthwhile gains in their disunity. And there will sdways be an atmosphere of clouded ill-feeling when uncompromising bigotry overrules reason.

Jealousy, contempt, and personality clashes are alternately the seeds and fruits of the inability or unwillingness to con cede. In a dormitory the resultant ill-feel ing stands in the way of achievement, hinders and limits the work of a dorm council, and prevents the first steps of Christian discipline, the Christian premise of going to a neighbor, humbly pointing out an errant attitude or action. In a faculty, concession is necessary to achieve a united front! Theory and prac tice show that incorrigibility ruins the fac ulty image in students’ eyes, precludes pro gressive achievement and the improve ment of a school’s educational standards, and can eventually affect school morale. “Pulling rank” and conflicting spheres of influence create a disunity which is readi ly reflected. Consciousness of a common goal, ob jectivity, rational compromise, and the resolution of differences arc component parts of concession. “If a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand” (Mark 3:25). Progress and the way ahead lie in pulling together, and v cryone has fun. p. K.

I Listen! Hear the sounds of bondage — Still winds, Frozen birds. II Listen! Hear the sounds of freedom — Cooling winds, Singing birds. Ill Listen! Hear the sound of unchecked freedom — Whirling winds, Self-destroyed birds. j. BRAUN, ’65

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3,500 MILES ON A SHOESTRING Two weeks before the spring recess be gan Dave Becker and I decided to make some kind of trip during the vacation. In order to keep our expenses at a minimum, we planned to camp and to each spend on ly one dollar per day on food. Within three days Dan Deutschlander was con vinced to join us. My brother Bill also went with us to do the cooking and help share the gas expense. On March 26th we left Milwaukee. We planned to camp outsisde of Louisville, Kentucky, but it was snowing when we ar rived, and a low of 18° was forecast for the night. We voted unanimously to stay in a motel. The motel cost $5.50, using all our food money for the next day. Friday morning we left for the Smoky Mountains, where we were to camp that night. On the way to the Smokies we stop ped at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to see the Museum of Atomic Energy. Arriving at the Smokies we found that all the campgrounds, with one exception, were still > iosed for the winter. The highest peaks su.U had 10 to 14 inches of snow on them. Tii it night, in order to stay warm, we pu on as many clothes as possible. Much to Deutschlander’s relief we found that the bears were still in hibernation. According to plans we were supposed to spend Saturday in the mountains, but it was so cold that we decided to move farther south. Most of the morning was spent driving around Smoky Mountain Na tional Park. By 7 p. m. we had reached Beauford, South Carolina, and Hunting Island State Park, where we were to camp for the night. Once more we found our selves using our next day’s food money to pay for a motel. The park superintendent told us that all the public campgrounds in South Carolinaa were closed because of integration problems. The nearest open campground was 150 miles away. Rather than set up camp at midnight or later, we drove 50 miles into Savannah, Georgia, and stayed in a motel. Our one consolation was that we had finally reached warm weather. The temperature was between 60° and 70°. On Easter Sunday Dan conducted a de votional service for us, after which we spent two hours driving around Savannah. 169

All of us were impressed by the city with its beautiful old homes and abundance of flowers. We were told that this was the most beautiful time of the year in Savan nah because the azaleas were in full bloom. By 11:30 a. m. we had driven another 100 miles south to Jeckel Island State Park — Cherokee Campground. We all loved the beautiful nine-mile island at first sight. We spent the afternoon on the beach soak ing up the sun. Bill was the only one brave enough actually to swim in the cold Atlantic. Both Dave and my brother took home a painful sunburn as a souvenir of Jeckel Island. Easter Monday found us in Charleston, South Carolina. After spending about two hours walking around the oldest section of town, we all took the boat trip out to Fort Sumter, which is located in Charleston’s harbor. That night we stayed at a private campground just outside of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The next day, eating baloney sand wiches and orange drink in the car, we drove from Myrtle Beach up to Cape Hatteras, which is located on the outer islands of North Carolina. You have to see the is lands to appreciate how desolate they are. The Outer Banks are seventy miles long, the longest undeveloped sea coast in the United States. All you can see are sand dunes, sea oats, and shipwrecks. It is here that Kitty Hawk and the Wright Brothers’ Memorial is located. The islands are known for high winds. Before we made our camp outside the vil lage of Hatteras, we heard the U.S. weather report. It was supposed to be clear, with winds at 20-30 knots. At 12:30 a. m. a storm came up with heavy winds — so heavy, in fact, that the center pole of our tent broke and the tent colapsed. Amidst rain and heavy wind we broke camp. The center pole broke at 1 a. m. and by 1:15 we were leaving Hatteras. By 4:30 a. m. Wednesday we were in Norfolk, Virginia. From here we contin ued on to Washington, D. C., stopping for half the day to see Yorktown, Jamestown, and Williamsburg. That evening we ar rived at Pastor Walter Beckmann’s home in Arlington, Virginia. We were to spend

the next three nights here while we saw top of the Washington monument. the capitol of the nation. We left the Beckmanns and Washing While we were at the Beckmanns, Mrs. ton Saturday morning. Late in the morn Beckmann served us a huge breakfast each ing we reached Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. morning. These were the only three sub We spent two hours driving around the stantial meals we had all the while we famous 25 square mile battlefield. Leaving were gone. For seven days we had been Gettysburg, we turned onto the turnpike living on prunes, cookies, and McDonald’s and drove straight through, arriving in Milwaukee, at 3 a. m., Sunday. hamburgers. Both Thursday and Friday we left the Needless to say, we all enjoyed the trip. Beckmanns around 8 a. m. and spent the I, for one, intend to make this same trip day in Washington seeing as much as pos again someday with one change — I am sible in the two-day period. Besides see going to spend three weeks making the ing all the major buildings, we attended 3,500 mile trip, not ten days. two sessions of Congress, saw President DICK WINTERS, ’64 Kennedy’s grave, and walked up to the

ON CHRIST’S ASCENSION A cloud received him from their sight; His work on earth was done. To gain for us eternal light The fight he now had won. But now, as they had seen him go, He’ll finally come again With heavenly hosts and glory bright To judge the hearts of men. — c. T. OTTO

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FOCUS Love, your goal without great Hope Is only shadow cast along your path Which flees when daylight of Reality ap pears. You Love, whose lips would crescent smiles If once Suspicion were denied, Would also thrive if Worry’s head Were severed from its trunk by Confidence. Then, Love, boast not so much of own ing hearts; None will see a better man for Love, But he who loves will see man better. W. MUELLER, ’66

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QampuA «»> (flaAdJwojn ROBRA YAD TA NRETSEWHTRON (2064 A. D.) (It’s a beautiful day. The wind is bal my and refreshing as it blows through the busy metropolis of Watertown. The morn ing sun shines brightly on the picturesque Northwestern campus. Arising majestically on the south side of the campus are four ten-story build ings: the library-science building, the cha pel-classroom building, and two dormitor ies, East Hall and West Hall, in which re side a thousand young men and a thou sand young ladies respectively. A fivestory dining hall lies slightly to the north of East Hall. North of West Hall lies a spacious auditiorium and student union. In the extreme northwest corner of the campus are a landing field and hangar for the students’ jetcopters. East of it is situ ated a sports arena for baseball, football, basketball, and swimming. It is covered with a gigantic plastic bubble so that sum mer sports may be played here all year round. There’s a certain expectancy in the air, for it was officially announced by the stu dent council president that today is Arbor Day. Two thousand students became ex ceedingly joyful at the thought of a day’s vacation. In the distance one can hear the students eagerly setting about their minor tasks.) FROSH PRESIDENT: Slim, you get the automatic leaf cleaners out. . . Shorty, will you take about half the class to the sports arena and do whatever the head coach wants done. I would advise you to avoid walking across the football field. . . . SOPH PRESIDENT (about thirty yards away): Will half of you guys take the elec tric pruners and trim the shrubbery? Make sure you do a good job on the N. . . . FIRST JUNIOR (speaking to another junior as they come oat of the dorm): Boy, it’s sure nice to get off for once. Say, did you know that at one time the juniors had to supervise the preps? That was before they split the college and prep department. SECOND JUNIOR: When was that? FIRST JUNIOR: Sometime around World 171

War III. You see, some electrical system failed and soon Russia and America were bombing one another. Didn’t last too long, but the shock of the bomb that hit south of Watertown knocked down almost all the buildings at Northwestsem. So they de cided to build over and separate the two departments. SECOND JUNIOR: I see. But who started the war? FIRST JUNIOR: That’s hard to determine. There’s much speculation. In fact, there’s a big debate among the faculty whether Germany was at fault or not. But then that’s a long time ago. (The morning has progressed swiftly. It is about 12:30, l'A hours before the sophomore tree planting ceremony. Sev eral seniors and a visitor are coming out of the dining hall.) FIRST SENIOR: You know, I’m finally get ting my fill of steaks. We’ve had them al most everyday for the past two weeks. SECOND SENIOR: Not me, I just eat them up. By the way, did you notice our break fasts lately? We’ve had pancakes, eggs, and ham for the past three days. FIRST SENIOR: Ya, but you’re out of luck tomorrow. The menu on the bulletin board calls for dry cereal. SECOND SENIOR: Well, I guess I’ll skip. But maybe I’d better not. It might be a delightful change. VISITOR (coming up to greet the first sen ior): It’s been a long time since I’ve seen you. How’s severy thing? FIRST SENIOR: Fine, thank you. VISITOR: Do you have any trouble with languages? FIRST SENIOR : Oh, not really. You see those language machines we have are really great. They cut the learning time down to almost nothing. Our professors say that you can leam four times as fast with these machines as you could a hun dred years ago. Another big aid are the miniature tape recorders. You can draw special tapes out of the library for a night.

I :• ■|

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For instance, you can almost learn all of Metzger in a week if you listen to it in your sleep. It’s really a joy to study lan guages when you can see yourself progres sing so fast. Why, after only a year of study we’ve been reading three hundred lines of a Greek a day. Since we have vocable sheets, this doesn’t entail too much extra dictionary work. VISITOR: Do you feel that your education is giving you a firm foundation to cope with the world? SENIOR: Oh, definitely. Our courses are not only geared to give one basic classical learning, but also to help one feel the im pact of modem thought and how to cope with it. (A crowd begins to gather around the tree planting site. At the edge of the circle the dean is talking to a concerned sopho more.) SOPHOMORE: What does our enrollment look like for next year? I hear that a lot of men are coming from Saginaw. DEAN: Things are looking pretty good. We should have a record enrollment of 700 frosh. We also have a few more for eign students from Nigeria, Nyasaland, Japan and Siberia who would like to come. Some of those students might have a little trouble getting the languages, since they have had no prep training, but I think that it should be a pretty good year, es pecially with the bi-centennial coming up. SOPHOMORE: Ya, it should be. The jun iors have some really big ideas for the bi centennial. They’ve even started a new fraternity and sorority. The future editor of the Black and Red also wants to enlarge the staff from 50 to 60 members. Among these would be a few bi-centennial writers. I hear he’s got some real cool ideas. ('The tree planting is in operation. The sophs are going through the ancient ritual of throwing textbooks in the ground for fertilizer). SOPH PRESIDENT: This tree which we are planting was developed by one of our alumni, Jim Planter. It’s a combination between three different trees and is known as a spinzacacophagi-gi—well, anyway, it’s supposed to have two different types of flowers in black and red. It blooms all year round. May it beautify our campus. (The scene changes to the baseball

diamond in the sports arena. Some vigor ous young men of the faculty are game to take on the juniors. As the game stands the score is a knotty tie of 2 to 2. A stu dent fireballer is pitching. Up steps Pro fessor Krunch). ONLOOKING FROSH: There’s Professor Krunch. He just might hit a home run. He’s quite a guy — studied in Germany for two years, so he really knows his German. Got his Ph. D. there and what not all. He really has an inspiring class. Did you know that he is writing a book on German particles, The Bouquet of the German lan guage? I would like to read — say, did he hit that ball! SECOND FROSH: Yes, that was quite a hit. By the way, did you know that he in vited me to his house tonight? We have a mutual interest in Wagner and he told me to come over. (The scene changes to a dormitory room. It is about six o'clock. A couple of seniors are busily grooming themselves.) FIRST SENIOR: (nervously checking his appearance in the mirror): Well, how do I look? SECOND SENIOR : Just fine, don’t worry about it. FIRST SENIOR: Ya, maybe I shouldn’t worry so much. But I hope Betty likes me. Funny though, I never did care about my manners until I’ve met these young ladies up here. They sure make a difference! (A third senior lualks in). THIRD SENIOR: What do you plan to do tonight? FIRST SENIOR: I’m going to the pop con cert with Betty. I hear they’ve got some real cool music. Besides, I hear that the electronic sousaphone solo is quite a treat. SECOND SENIOR: I was going to go and watch smell-o-vision downstairs, but I think I’ll go to see a movie at the student union instead. THIRD SENIOR: I think I’ll have a malted at the park with the fellows. For furnishing ideas and consolation for my various C & C articles, I would like to give special credit to two of my roommates, Jerry Linn and Kirby Spevacek, and to anyone else who has given me an idea or joke used or un used. 172

Chorus Trip On March 12th the chorus made its annual trip to St. Matthew Lutheran Church, Oconomowoc, to give its traditional Lenten concert there. The chorus highlighted the regular Len ten service with about eight numbers. After the service they had a delicious lunch. The glee club and the quartet provided a bit of en tertainment after the lunch. The ladies, who had prepared the tasty repast, were given a standing ovation by the well-contented mem bers of the chorus. Easter Concert On the evening of March 15, 1964, North western’s choruses presented their annual Eas ter Concert. The Prep Chorus opened the con cert with the song, “O Lamb of God Most Holy." After several other numbers (“Christ Is Arisen,” “On Christ's Ascension I Now Build," and “Thou Lord of Refuge"), they performed the most outstanding number on their program, “Holy Lord of All." A brass quartet joined the chorus in a grand hymn of praise to the Lord. The assembly then sang a hymn with the accompanicmcnt of a brass ensemble under the direction of Professor Lehmann. After the hymn, the male quartet sang two beautiful pieces: “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross" and “O Darkest Woe.” Hereupon the Mixed Chorus made its en trance and at the completion of their first song (“Lord Keep Us Steadfast in Thy Word") Professor Lehmann paused a moment to ex plain the most difficult number of the concert. He pointed out that this cantata, “Der Geist Hilft Unserer Schwachheit Auf," was written in a form (prelude, fugue, and chorale) very much used by Bach. After this brief explana tion he turned to direct the chorus in its ad mirable rendition of this work. At this point the offering was taken and the assembly having arisen sang another song. The final segment of the program was open ed by the Male Chorus with the Latin hymn, “Cantate Domino." This also afforded the first opportunity for most people to view the new gowns of the chorus. After two Bach favorites, “O Sacred Head Now Wounded" and “Who Is It That Hath Bruised Thee," the chorus sang an ancient German hymn, 173

“Christ 1st Erstanden." The final piece, which was rather impressively done, was “The Hea vens Declare the Glory of God." Forum The freshmen, led by Dale Baumler, pre sented their forum on March 19th. It con sisted of a delightful one act comedy, “Ghost A La Mode." The cast was as follows: Liz South — Sandy Niedfeldt George South — Dale Baumler Montmorency — Ron Gorske Fortesque — Dave Dolan Havameyer — Fred Toppe John Craile — Forest Bivens The action took place in an old haunted house somewhere in New England in 1946. The spirit of post-war patriotism permeates the play. Liz and George South are a young couple who have bought an old house with the inten tion of converting it into a rest home for wounded soldiers. In order to obtain the money necessary to refurnish the house, they must prove to John Craile, a writer of ghost stories, that ghosts really do exist. They were aided in their efforts by three ghosts inhabiting the

house: Fortesque, the bold; Montmorency", the timid, Havameyer, the forgetful. The most tense moment occurs when John Craile comes face to face with poor Montmorency; the re sult, they both faint away dead. It was a smooth and well-executed performance.

: i

Johnson offered a varied fare. It consisted of the works of little known composers and ran the gamut from Benedetto Marcello of the 17th century to Jiri Jaroch of the 20th. The fine performance included two encores.

Rostra Production Rostra will present the three act comedy Here Comes Charlie written by Jay Tobias on Sunday evening, April 26th, at 7:30. Before Easter vacation the technical details of the play were worked out. Now it remains for the cast to improve and polish their tech' nique and to develop a fuller interpretation of the play. Karl Peterson, who is the overall director, is being ably assisted by prep Norman Nitschke. It should be well worth our while to attend this performance. Incidentally it will be a full production and as such will have a complete set, costumes, and special effects. One more important thing that we might note is that there will be no admission charge; however, a free will offering will be taken to help defray the cost.

The Black and Red Staff — 1964 - 65 On March 24th, the current Black and Red Staff met and elected the following men to take the place of the five outgoing seniors. Two additional posts were added, those of Centen nial Editor and Circulation Manager, and those remaining on the staff were given new posts. EDITOR — John Lawrenz ASST. ED. — David Gosdeck Karl Peterson CENTEN. - E. Opsahl C 6? C — J. Trapp SPORTS - A. Siggelkow ALUMNI - J. Zickuhr ART - R. Ehlke BUS. MGR. - Paul Kelm CIR. MGR. — John Mittelstaedt AD. MGR. — F. Toppe J- Vogt

Community Concert On March 21st the final in the series of Community Concerts was held in the Watertown High School Auditorium. The Chicago Little Symphony under the direction of Thor

CHumni TIoIm CALLS Pastor George Rothe, ’54, formerly of Trinity Lutheran Church, Sturgis, South Dakota, has accepted a call to Our Savior Lutheran Church, Bismarck, North Dakota. He will be installed on April 26, 1964. Pastor Philip Huebner, ’53, who served St. Paul Lutheran Church, Marshall, Wisconsin, has accepted a call to St. Paul Lutheran Church, Ml Calvary, Wisconsin. The date of his in stallation is indefinite. ILLNESS Pastor Edward Weiss, class of ’37, of Neosho,

Wisconsin, was to be installed as pastor of St. John Lutheran Church, Slades Corners, Wis consin, on April 5, but is now confined to the hospital at Hartford, Wisconsin, with a seri ous heart attack. The congregation at Neosho wishes to retain him as their pastor. We pray that the Lord may grant him a speedy re cover)'.

WEDDING On December 21, 1963, Mr. Gary Schmeling was joined in die bonds of holy matrimony with Miss Karen Weiss at St. Paul Lutheran Church, Neosho, Wisconsin.

INDEX TO VOLUME LXVII MAY 1963 to APRIL 1964 ALUMNI NOTES D. G.............................. Alumni Society Minutes CAMPUS AND CLASSROOM J. B................................

12, 43, 67, 92, 118, 131, 150, 174 ......G. Franzmann . 43 13, 46, 68, 89, 114, 132, 150, 171 174

CARTOONS Science 570X ....... Science 570X II ... Science 570X III . Science 570X IV . Uncle Sam Weeps

John John John John John

COMMENCEMENT ORATIONS English: Ancient History Through Archaeology..... German: Plotinos, der Platoniker..............................

Gary Schmeling.......... 33 Daniel Zimmermann.. 31

DR. OTT PAPERS Chaucer and the Church .............................................. Studies on the Theories of Origin of the Holy Grail.

Arno Wolfgramm Gary Schmeling..

EDITORIALS Complete Education — A Must.................................... Economics the King ....................................................... Graduction ......................................................................... Greek and Latin................................................................ Higher Education ............................................................ Machiavelli ........................................................................ A Time of Crisis............................................................... The Unpopular Conservative ......................................

A. W. R. C. A. W. L. S. . R. C. R. C. . R. C. . L. S.

FICTION The Enemy......... Jupiter Unbound The Last Search Spring .................

Paul Ziemer.... . John Trapp ....... Marvin Ahlhorn Roland Ehlke....

GENERAL INFORMATION Art and Aesthetics .................................. Computers — Amazing Machines........ The Editorial Cartoon .............................. The Greatest Wonder ............................. The Grizzly and the White Man......... The Idiom of J. S. Bach ........................ An International Language ................... Leadership Amid Revolt........................ The Lightweight Bicycle ........................ A Missionary’s Chagrin .......................... Moby Dick ................................................. The Play’s the Thing.............................. Qui Mores .................................................. Reflections on Crosword Puzzles ......... Solved! Three Probblems of Antiquity Through the Rabbit Hole....................... To A Far Country ................................... HISTORY The Advent of Congregational Singing The Baroque Era...................................... The Iroquoian Wars ............................... Jacques LaFerve..................................... The Naked Kafir ...................................... To Rebuild A Nation .............................. NEWS. The Staff

84 106 126 150 100

101

56 ■

120 136 18 157 1 53

96 72

..J. L.................... . Roland Ehlke.... .. L. S.................... . J. M.................... .. Alan Siggelkow .. Mark Lenz........ L. S...................... P K . William Besler.. A. W.................... D. G..................... . Ralph Martens.. .. J. L.................... .. Alan Siggelkow . A. W.................... Fred Toppe........ . Jon Engel.......... .A. W........................ Roderick Luebchow R. C.......................... Kirby Spevacek..... D. G........................... . Erhard Opsahl.....

140 110 8

161 5

108 165 145 141 81 73 65

127 111 121 123 112 158 162

146 167 86

74 64 125 I

10, 45, 66, 91, 114, 130, 152, 173

POETRY Aspiration #5...... Birds..................... Black and White . Equivocation ....... Exin........................ Firne...................... Focus ..................... Heavenly Hosts ... History Forgotten

John Trapp ..... John Braun ..... John Braun ..... John Trapp...... Wayne Mueller Wayne Mueller Wayne Mueller Carl Otto.......... . G. Lemke........ 175

Trapp Trapp Trapp Trapp Trapp

9 168 107

65 63 3

170 63 6

Life of Man I......................... Life of Man III....................... The Monster Comes.............. Movement II of Hymn #1 .... Nee Zoe................................... A New Year’s Toast............. Number 37 .............................. On the Death of a President Our President Is Gone........ Proem..................................... Prox......................................... Sarcasm #1 or Division #6 The Sculpture......................... Sonnet to an Age................... Trine....................................... A Walk.............. ....................

. G. Lemke............... . G. Lemke............... John Braun ............. John Trapp ............. John Lawrenz.........

John Braun .......... John Trapp .......... John Trapp .......... G. Lemke............ John Trapp .......... . Wayne Mueller....... .John Trapp............. Roderick Luebchow. Paul Kelm............... Wayne Mueller...... John Braun............

128 139 76

76 107 122 128 97 100 113 55

9 34 160 8

144

POLITICAL COMMENTARIES The Campaign Road...................................... A Floundering Foreign Policy...................... From Cut to Boom?...................................... Hope Springs Eternal in the G. 0. P........... Ideals and Actions.......................................... Pole Tics ......................................................... President Kennedy — The World’s Ideal ... Propoganda................... .................................. Why Aid to Latin America? .........................

. J. M............... . . Kirby Spevacek . Kurt Mau.......... .John Vogt......... .. Leon Todd....... D. G.................... . John Ibisch....... Robert Bitter.... L. S......................

147 143 164 137 99

SCHOOL AND STUDENT “Blowin’ in the Wind’’ .................................. Concession, Compromise, and Corrigibility Folk Singing Scores Success........................ Homecoming.................................................... Joe College Survey........................................ New Faculty Members ................................. An Open Letter to the College Man.......... Our New Professor ....................................... Senior Biographies........................................ The Symbolism in Our Chapel Windows .... 3,500 Miles On A Shoestring....................... Two Trojans in Europe................................ Westward Ho, ’63...........................................

K. P.................... . P. K.................... L. S............... ....... . A. W.................... J. L....................... . J. B..................... P. K.................... . P. K.................... the Staff.............. L. S....................... Dick Winters..... Ronald Semro .... Wiliam A. Meier

149

SPORTS K. P.

97 148 02

168

129 78 4 54 114 124 19 109

169 85 2

15, 48, 69, 92, 118, 133, 154

BOB TESCH, Repr.

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Duraclean of Watertown “FLOWER FRESH CLEANING” of Fine Furniture and Carpets

ARCHIE

BROTHERS, INC. MONUMENTS

Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Building Maintenance

“The Best Need Not Be Expensive”

WAYNE STAUDE, OWNER

218 SOUTH FIRST STREET

1322 Randolph St.

Dial 261-3350

TO NORTHWESTERN STUDENTS:

^edentfttiatt

$?.00

With the Purchase of Our

JOHN C. ROBERTS & KINGSWAY SHOES WITH HUSH PUPPIES

RAY'S RED GOOSE SHOE STORE Watertown, Wisconsin

COMPLETE CITY and COHEN BROTHERS, INC.

FARM STORE

Wholesale Fruits and Produce

GLOBE MILLING CO.

FOND DU LAC, WIS.

"SINCE 1 845" "House of Quality”

Phone 261-0810

:i Attractive Special Rates For Students

113 Second Street Telephone 261-5072 RIPPE

The "READY" AGENCY 424 N. Washington Street —Watertown ALMA AND JOE READY, AGENTS

Dial 261-2868 ALL KINDS OF INSURANCE Life Insurance — Notary Public — Bonds

DODGE STREET GARAGE, INC. Your OLDSMOB1LE Dealer 311 Third Street

Dial 261-5120

Watertown

utsonBraunfcumbcrC? Watertown, Wis

HARDWARE - SPORTING GOODS ACE HARDWARE

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“Garages, Remodeling and Kitchen Cabinets”

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BRAUN BUILT HOMES

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304 Main Street — Phone 261-4984

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RAMBLER

^Baerr

SALES AND SERVICE

DAY & NIGHT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE

A. KRAMP CO.

Telephone 261-7459

Watertown — Phone 261-2771

GUYER MUSIC STORE MUSIC — RECORDS RADIOS — PHONOS

F. W. Woolworth Co. 312-20 Main Street

109 North Third Street

To Health"

"Your Pathway

MILK

ICE CREAM

Watertown's First Grade A. Dairy 600 Union Street

Phone 261-3522

BLOCK'S MARKET

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3iz0*

112 Second Street Dial 261-2353 Watertown, Wisconsin

— Available at the Canteen —

MAIL ORDERS OUR SPECIALTY

’

Mullen s Dairy Malted Milks Made Special For N.W. C. Students

20c

25c

30c

m-m-good

m-m-m

■

Watertown, Wisconsin

212 W. Main Street

! ! Phone 261-4278

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CHARLES DAVID'S SONS

SHAEFER MOTORS, Inc.

“For 60 Years”

DODGE - DODGE DART

Glass Desk Tops

DODGE TRUCKS 305 Third Street

MAUTZ PAINT 306 Madison Street

Dial 261-2035

Watertown

Emil’s Pizza Hut LUMBER - COAL - COKE - FUEL OIL All Kinds

Free delivery

Building Materials

Open 4 p. m. till ? ?

Hot to your Door — Closed Tuesday

‘ Everything To Build Anything” 414 E. Main St. — Phone 261-5455 Dial 261-5676

HAFEMEISTER Funeral Service FURNITURE

THE STUDENT'S CHOICE

"OUR SERVICE SATISFIES” Henry Hafemeiser, Roland Harder Ray Dobbratz 607-613 Main Street — Phone 261-2218

Our Greatest Asset Is Your Satisfaction YOU SAVE ON QUALITY CLEANING 412 Main Street — Phone 261-6851

D. & F. KUSEL CO. ‘rtyasidcva/ie and Sfronting (fMcU

okcC

SINCE 1849

108- 112 W. Main Street

Victor G. Nowack WHOLESALE CANDY, GUM, SMOKER'S SUPPLIES

Compliments of

610 Cady Street

BURBACH

Phone 261-7051

Compliments of

GEISER POTATO CHIPS

Standard Service

and POPCORN

East Gate Inn

S. S. KRESGE'S

For Your

ONE STOP STUDENT SUPPLY HEADQUARTERS

Dining Pleasure East Gate Drive (Old Hwy. 16)

209-211 Main Street

SCHNEIDER JEWELRY Student Gift Headquarters Bulova — Elgin — Hamilton Caravelle Watches Columbia and Princess Diamonds Expert Watch Repairing 111 S. Third Street

Dial 261-6769

Watertown

MEL'S GARAGE Automatic Transmission and General Repair Tel. 261-1848

110 N. Water St

Schlicker Organ Co., Inc. BUFFALO 17, NEW YORK Our Firm is proud to have built the new pipe organ in the College Chapel

Bowl -A- Fun 766 North Church Street Phone 261-2512

Most

Modern

the

State

Newly Remodeled

LEGION GREEN BOWL

TRI-COUNTY REDI-MIX CO.

7l/cU&Uaiv*uL Place to &at Closed Tuesdays Steaks — Chicken — Sea Foods

MATERIALS ACCURATELY Proportioned and Thoroughly Mixed To Your Specifications

FACILITIES FOR PRIVATE PARTIES & BANQUETS

1413 Oconomowoc Ave— Dial 261-9878

Phone 261-0863

Watertown

POOLE'S BARBER SHOP 4 Chairs Fast - Efficient Service 5 Main Street

Phone 261-2906

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Monk jo$ tOaisudown The Bank With The Time & Temperature WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

Over 105 Years of Service VOSS MOTORS, INC.

Julius Bayer Meat Market

LINCOLN and MERCURY

DEALING IN

COMET

MEATS and SAUSAGES

301 W. Main Street — Phone 261-1655 WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN

of All Kinds 202 Third Street watertown Dial 261-7066 watertown ■

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WURTZ

PAINT AND FLOOR COVERING

KRKR'5 fart, Mists

One Stop Decorating Center Corner 2nd & Main Sts. — Phone 261-2860

113 Main Street

Watertown

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#lntaiiliial LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Waverly, Iowa

COCA - COLA SPRITE TAB SUNRISE

FLAVORS

AVAILABLE AT THE CANTEEN

â&#x2013;

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25% - 35% SAVINGS Helps You Insure Your Church Home Business More Adequately

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TRI-COUNTY TOBACCO CO. Servicing Your Canteen With

School Supplies — Candy — Tobacco Drugs — Paper Goods, etc. Watertown

200 W. Main Street

One

MEYER'S SHOE STORE

hour

mmmm

PEDWIN, ROBLEE & FREEMAN

CERTIFIES

THE MOST IN DRY CLEANING

SHOES FOR MEN

Fast Shirt and Laundry Service

10% Discount for Students

1 East Main Street Phone 261-0824 Watertown

206 Main Street

OCONOMOWOC TRANSPORT CO. School Bus Transportation

Charter Trips

—

HAROLD KERR Route 1

Phone LOgan 7-2189 OCONOMOWOC, WISCONSIN

FIN and JAIL

Dr. Harold E. Magnan Dr. Harold E. Magnan, Jr. OPTOMETRISTS

Pizza — Fried Foods — Delicatessen 108 So. Third Street Dial 261-5210

410 Main Street — Watertown

READ THE

WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES For Local, State, National and World News SERVED BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL

ZWIEG’S

GRILL Fine Foods Open Daily

SANDWICHES BREAKFASTS HAMBURGERS PLATE LUNCHES BROASTED CHICKEN & CONES MALTS & SHAKES Phone 261-1922

904 East Main Street

TOP CLEANERS Special Student Prices With This Ad

114 S. First Street

Phone 261-3502

J. J. Mallach, R. PH.

Suits $1.00 Trousers 49£ 20% Discount on other cleaning (cash and carry)

MALLACH PHARMACY G. J. Mallach, r. ph. Phone 261-3717 — Watertown

in Watertown It's

JOuin’A Smart Clothes for Men 114 Main Street

lii/ihltolp tylxvial SUafi ■

Flowers — Gifts — Potted Plants “We Telegraph Flowers"

Watertown

LAKELAND MUSIC STUDIOS 415 E. Main WATERTOWN

116 N. Main OCONOMOWOC

EVERYTHING IN MUSIC

Watertown, Wisconsin

Lessons, Sales, Rentals, Repairs — All Instruments — Records and Sheet Music

ART'S SHOE SERVICE

For Quality and Service Trade and Save at

Across From

DON'S NEW YORK MARKET

616 Main Street — Phone 261-7186

THE NEW MOOSE LODGE

SHOE REPAIR Fast Service — Reasonable Prices

Donald Sayler, prop. QUALITY MEAT and GROCERIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

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119 N. Second Street

Watertown

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Phone 261-7516

8 Main Street

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Retire already *7

Not exactly! But, though 40 years may seem far off. it comes in a flash for most. Some never make it. To take part of the anxiety out of their financial future, many parents start basic life insurance programs to help guarantee their children’s financial peace of mind — and retirement — when they want it. But we still have a lifetime of work to do.

an estate to build, a family to raise. No other asset can match future earning power. Life insurance protects us against loss of earning ability Our young age, good health and the lower premiums we get, make it a good deal to help assure income protection and retire ment comfort. And the Special Difference makes AAL the best deal.

AID ASSOCIATION FOR LUTHERANS • APPLETON, WISCONSIN

Forrest E. Winters, F1C 320 McMillen St. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

Clarence R. Ferg, FIC P. 0. Box 322 Watertown, Wisconsin

....