A history of fashion from 1900 to 2010

A HISTORY OF FASHION FROM THE 1900S TO 2010S

A HISTORY OF FASHION FROM 1900 TO 2010 1900-1910 The start of a new century began creating new fashion trends. This first season of the new century was a time where the standards of beauty imposed certain features as ideal for women, prompting many women to achieve this ideal made them put their health at risk: using the S -shaped silhouette, which was achieved with a very fitted corset pushing up the bust and making much narrower waists, and, at the same time, making it hard to breathe for ladies of the time. To get this fashionable silhouette, women decided to use the time -tight corset to strengthen their figure and sometimes this came to distort their internal organs. It was not well seen have brown skin , typical of the working class after spending long hours in the light of the sun , and this is why women used dangerous skin whitening substances containing lead or arsenic and sometimes even came to be marked even more color to the veins not doubt your skin gently. White and wavy hair gave a youthful look, and for attaining this, women resorted to curling, permanent or hairpieces. Conversely straight hair was frowned upon by society as they were synonymous with a whimsical character. Feminists were the first who got that makeup color as accepted. The actresses, who used to make up for the scene, began to wear colour outside the theatre environment. Thus many women gradually dared to show with blush, mascara and hair dyed with henna. They began wearing tight skirts to the hip that were bell-shaped widening to reach the ground and pretty long dresses that reached to the floor and could not be seen wearing shoes. Feathers and lace were all the rage, highlighting the big hats with lots of decorations and ornaments that had great success during this time. The fashionable almost single was followed by the upper and media classes. The most well-known fashion designers in this era were Worth, Paul Poiret, Mariano Fortuny, Jacques Doucet, Jeanne Lanvin and Jeanne Paquin.

1910-1920 In this second decade of the twentieth century fashion could be differentiated into two distinct parts: the fashion in the years preceding World War I, in which the clothing was very fit, and sought only impractical beauty, and fashion during the war and the years that followed, in which the clothes were looser, more practical and sought not only beauty but also comfort. At this time the fashion was very important and influential partly because of the class division, as only the very upper classes were the only ones able to import their garments or fabrics from France, just to be fashionable. The middle classes sought to follow this model, but their resources were not sufficient to make their model be sent. And the lower class also was the least careful about dressing well. In 1910 there was a dramatic change in fashion, influenced by the Russian Ballet that ran the European stages. The bright colours and the eastern wave replaced hegemony of pastel colours and long skirts.

Ballerinas, as the sensual and enigmatic Mata Hari, became beauty icons followed worldwide. Thanks to this new fashion, women dared to challenge the strong moral principles that tied themselves and began to show the body, which of course was not possible without the ecclesiastical and sexist scandal involved. Necks "to the ears" gave way to the V neck and slightly shortened skirts, revealing ankles, which also caused shock at the time because, for centuries, the female legs had been an erotic symbol that caused lust in men, and therefore should be hidden.

Right Corset The period preceding the First World War is characterized as the appendix recharged own fashion of the Belle Epoque, and by the appearance of a silhouette that tends toward the vertical in women. This causes become fashionable corsets straight, not getting that check or chest or waist, and long skirts with little fly accompanied by a overskirt , so the unisex or androgynous look generalizes giving the woman a " royalty barrel." in this decade the use of makeup became usual, but the desired result was very natural. And white, powdered faces are not too visible.

Helena Rubinstein roses powders intended to give a healthier look. Furthermore Elisabeth Arden opened her first beauty salon where the ladies proposed socialite facials to improve skin quality. The two beauty women drew to market innovative products were well accepted by women.

1930s The changes in fashion that occurred in the 1930s are essential to vintage inspired clothing today. Feminine butterfly sleeves and sophisticated elegance, both gifts to women’s clothing from this decade! With the onset of the Great Depression, many people were forced to give up a lavish lifestyle, but an era of big bands and nightlife remained. At the start of the 1930s, trends emphasized the natural waistline as way to close out the boyish look of 1920s fashion. Hollywood movie stars played an influential role in 1930s style as well, and what was worn on the screen became acceptable on the streets. The Ruchette, the women in the 1930s, can accentuate her shoulders or wear a low-back dress for equally stylish looks!  1930s Bottoms Just like today’s wardrobe staples, midi length skirts worn at the natural waistline were the most popular option for bottoms. 1930s skirts sometimes had a subtle high-low hemline to add motion and volume and were finished with pleats for similar reasons. Also, women often wore ensembles, or sets of matching tops and bottoms.  1930s Shoes Many types of shoes were available during the 1930s, but classic pumps, sling-back heels, and peep toes were among the most popular 1930s shoes (the latter two were perfect for eveningwear). Did you know sandals used to be considered an eveningwear shoe? Sandals were introduced during this era as an outdoor shoe and were later jazzed up for evening events. Pair your favorite pair of fancy sandals or classic pumps with a midi length skirt for a 1930s outfit.  1930s Tops As with dresses of the era, femininity was key and fluttery and puffed sleeves were a detail of 1930s blouses. Form-fitting sweaters were also popular late in the decade, thanks to the gorgeous actress Lana Turner’s performance in They Won’t Forget.

Boleros and clutch coats, outerwear that has to be held shut, also became a notable trend during this era. They provided an easy way to add shoulder attention to a dress and a little stylish warmth on a night out. And since they didn’t have buttons or zippers, they were easy to put on and take off going in and out of restaurants and parties!  1930s Dresses Unlike the boyish 1920s dresses that concealed curves, the 1930s dresses had shapely lines and aimed to celebrate the female figure. Dresses returned to define the waistline, and at the start of the decade, women wore dresses that emphasized the shoulders. This included butterfly sleeves, puffed sleeves, and angular shoulders which, in turn, would give the illusion of a smaller waist. Most daytime dresses at this time were designed at calf length, so for a classic 1930s style, opt for a midi length dress with soft, fluttery sleeves and a defined empire waistline.

Later in the decade, 1930s dresses focused on the eveningwear gown with a high or halter neckline and an emphasized open back. Metallic lamé, fabric interwoven with metallic threads, was introduced and played a part in establishing eveningwear as grandiose and elegant in contrast with sensible daywear. The bias

cut also came into a vogue during this time as a way to drape and gather fabric diagonally to also emphasize the female figure.  1930s Finishing Touches Towards the end of the decade, nylons became every woman’s wardrobe staple as they provided a modest way to wear shorter dresses and skirts.

When searching for 1930s accessories, gloves are a must-have! Gloves were extremely popular during this decade and were worn with both day dresses and evening gowns. Daytime gloves were short, while eveningwear gloves were of the elbow-length variety that we now associate with Old-Hollywood starlets. Women also began matching their gloves, hats and purses. While gloves are now usually saved for snow days, you can still channel the decade by matching your accessories year round.

For a complete 1930s style, finish your outfits with glossy curls, defined red or wine-hued lips, and lots of mascara – a 1930s makeup look inspired by gorgeous actresses of the era on screen, such as the classically beautiful Bette Davis and Greta Garbo.

FASHION MODELS & STYLES FROM THE 1930S Mardee Hoff, 1935 Model Mardee Hoff, selected for having the most perfect figure in America at the time, poses in short shorts in 1935.

Brassiere Fashion Show, 1933

There was no Victoria's Secret yet, but that didn't stop models from showing up half-naked at a Brassiere Fashion Show in 1933.

Congo dress, 1938 Apparently plunging necklines were always a staple in fashion! This model showcases an elegant evening dress with a Victoria Nyanza cape in 1938.

Feather cape, 1932 Feathers are typically Lady Gaga's thing, but model Mrs. George Harris rocked the look first in 1932 with a feather cape over her black velvet evening gown at a society fashion show.

1930 Russian ermine cape, 1935 Though wearing fur today is a bit of a taboo, back in the 1930s it was extremely common. Here, a model wears a white Russian ermine cape with a sable collar in a fur fashion show at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

Red velvet ensemble, 1933 Tres chic! A woman models an over the top red velvet ensemble during a fashion show in 1933.

Rubber swimsuit,1935 Priscilla Lawson models a rubber swim suit in 1935. Bathing suits were definitely more conservative back in 1935! Here, model Priscilla Lawson stands pretty in a rubber swimsuit.

1940s Many popular 1940s fashion trends are a staple part of the Ruchette look!

Just as many styles of the 1930s developed out of economic troubles, many of the timeless trends of this era were a reaction to warfare and hardship. Popular materials like nylon and silk had to be rationed and were used in World War II efforts, so clothing became simpler and new materials were used in designs. The color red began popping up in fashion during this time. Before the 1940s, America looked to Europe for the newest fashions, but the war blocked America from such outside influence and trade. Because of this, American designers took the stage and, for the first time, America had a style very independent of the trends seen in Paris.  1940s Dresses Unlike the 1930s dresses that incorporated pleats and voluminous sleeves, 1940s dresses were sleek and slim and rose to just below the knee. Since material had to be rationed during war time, it made sense to leave the embellishments aside and stick to simple, well-constructed frocks. At Ruche, the versatility of simple and patterned dresses, as they can be worn both day and night with a quick switch of accessories.

The simple flared dresses of the time were also compatible with the era’s popular swing dancing fad. Slim dresses allowed or movement and comfort on the dance floor. Jumper dresses, a sleeveless and collarless dress intended to be worn over blouses, also gained popularity too  1940s Tops Inspired by the ongoing war, slim-fitting jackets became a trend for women.

Everyday menswear was incorporated into the female style – women would raid their husbands’ wardrobes to find new items since they couldn’t go out and splurge.

A woman could wear menswear, inspired necktie blouses and collared coats or take a man’s jacket and belt it for an easy touch of femininity!

Sweaters also remained popular during this time and were easy to throw on over a basic blouse, which were the standard for 1940s tops.  1940s Bottoms Knee length skirts were all the rage during the 1940s, partly because they required less material to make than the longer skirts of the past. Like dresses of this era, 1940s skirts were sleek and free of the pleats seen in 1930s skirts. Pair knee length skirts with a simple blouse and blazer for an easy, standard look inspired by this era.

Trousers and wide leg pants also increased in popularity during the 1940s.

With the introduction of Rosie the Riveter and an increasing campaign for feminism while the men were at war, blue jeans came into vogue.  1940s Shoes As with 1940s clothing, 1940s shoes were also often crafted in experimental materials in lieu of traditional resources. These experimental materials are now often used today and are commonly seen as stylish options. Two such materials were mesh and various reptile skins -- if you own any faux reptile peep-toes, you now know how they were inspired! The wedge, platform and peep toe were the most popular designs of the era and are still some of the trendiest shoe designs used today.  1940s Finishing Touches Nylons became an increasingly important part of women’s fashion at the end of the 1930s, but during the war, the government began reserving nylon for parachute construction. Bare legs became acceptable, as women didn’t want to wear scratchy hosiery made of other materials, but advertisers tried to convince the public that a substitute was necessary. When nylon became available again, everyone rushed to stock up on them – an event referred to as the “nylon wars.

Reptile and other materials used for shoes were also used for bags and other 1940s accessories. No matter the accessory, designers were coming up with inventive ways to give women the items they wanted even if the usual materials were unavailable.

Hats continued to remain popular during this era, and thanks to the stunning Marlene Dietrich (an actress and singer), the fedora hat for women came into style during this time. Women often wore muffs in the winter and often matched them to their hats, continuing the 1930s trend of matching accessories.

To get a finished look, give your hair and makeup extra oomph – women in the 1940s had to accessorize in this way to make up for less extravagant clothing!

Twist up the front of your hair and set your locks in loose curls. Or if you’re feeling daring, try a hair snood – many women used to wear these fashionable hairnets set with a headband to keep their hair up while working. Finish with bold, red lipstick and lots of mascara to complete the 1940s transformation.

1950s 1950s clothing contributed so much to modern -day fashion and to the Ruchette look in particular! The boxy structure of 1940s women’s fashion came to an end in the 1950s as Christian Dior’s soft, rounded “New Look” gained popularity in America. With the men back from war, women focused on their suburban role as homemakers, and looked for clothing that was easy to wash and keep neat. Acrylic, spandex and polyester were introduced during the decade. Sportswear also came into vogue and people experimented with different looks; fads like the poodle skirt came and went fairly quickly, and Jack Kerouac (a novelist) established the beatnik look – a look finished with dark monochromatic colours to set themselves apart from mainstream culture. Teenagers also developed their own style for the first time, often dressing more casually than their parents. The baby boom during this era contributed to new, comfortable trends in maternity wear, and Lucille Ball made the first pregnancy debut on television! Defined waists, vibrant colors, and bol d statements characterized the 1950s, which are all important elements of the Ruche style.

1950’s Clothes With the Wiggle and New Look 1950’s clothes were gaining popularity.

Women began altering their views on beauty and accessory aesthetics. Hair and makeup began to match the sexy, flirty shapes of the dresses. Hats of all varieties, shapes, and sizes were wildly popular. Classic pillbox hats, modified cloches, and veiled toppers were prized accessories and came in a range of fashionable colors and material choices. 1950’s makeup is most noted for its bold lines and dramatic colours. Brows were carefully groomed and defined with high arches and eyes were accentuated with black liquid eyeliner. Lips were kept bold and seductively red with an emphasis on perfect cupids bow points.

50’s hairstyles were kept soft and curly. The feminine 50’s styles would pave the way for the bombshell manes of the 60’s. Straight hair was out and short hair was in. Women would often tie their hair back paying careful attention to the lay of the curls and tie in ladylike chiffon scarves to accessorize their styles. Style icons like Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe paved the way for women’s beauty and fashion trends.

1950s Dresses 1950s clothing experimented with a variety of silhouettes and styles, so when it comes to 1950s dresses, the options were incredible! To begin, the “New Look,� as coined by Christian Dior, became a popular 1950s clothing aesthetic early in the decade (once American had access to Parisian fashions again!), and set the tone for designs of the era. 1950s dresses became rounded, with ballerina length hems and cinched waists for a delicate, feminine hourglass look. The shea th dress was another design that created the desired silhouette of the decade, as the form fitting material clung to natural curves. Ornate necklines also came into vogue; many dresses were constructed with jewelled or peter pan collars, or jazzed up with low-cut necklines for a feminine touch. At Ruche, we love feminine dresses with flattering silhouettes, collared dresses, and detailed necklines on both dressy and casual items!

As the decade continued, so did the feminine dresses, but with more styles. Halter style dresses that developed in the 1930s as a part of eveningwear received a more casual approach; halter sundresses with cute, vibrant patterns like gingham and floral became popular. The shirt dress also came to be during this era as a casual -yet-cute option for housewives. And as daytime clothing and eveningwear grew further apart in dressiness, the cocktail dress came about as the answer to fashion qualms of what to wear to semi -formal events. Whether you choose to don casual-chic shirt dresses, darling printed dresses, or cocktail dressed with a rhinestone collar, you’re sure to evoke 1950s style and get the Ruchette look.

1950s Tops Keeping with the idea of the “New Look,” 1950s tops aimed to give women a feminine silhouette in contrast to the sharp lines of 1930s clothing. Women often wore jackets with peplum waistlines to nip the silhouette and give the figure a rounded appearance , and paired such jackets with sleek skirts. Loose printed tops and collared tops were also popular and constructed of easy-wash materials. When paired with a fitted skirt, loose blouses give an outfit balance – something Ruchettes always aim for!

1950s Bottoms Many variations of skirts, pants, and shorts became popular during the 1950s, paving the way for a wider selection of mix and mat ch outfits.

The sleek and alluring pencil skirt we adore today came about during this era and was often paired with a peplum top or loose blouse. Other skirts of this decade were ankle length with full volume, similar to dresses of the time. Luckily we can still wear both of these skirt styles today for cute 1950s inspired fashion!

As people became interested in casual sportswear, ankle length pants, pedal pushers and Bermuda shorts came into fashion. These styles of cropped pants and shorts were paired wit h simple, patterned blouses or knit tops for a chic, casual look. These trends had a great impact on modern fashion, as we can now wear pants of any length and can pick and choose as the weather or our mood changes. For a darling, casual 1950s outfit, pair khaki Bermuda shorts with a tucked-in floral blouse and simple belt.

1950s Shoes While the shoes of the previous decades were still acce ptable and worn frequently during this era, we have the 1950s fashion to thank for the invention of the stilettos. These chic, thin -heeled shoes instantly dress up an outfit, adding an extra dose of glamour. Many women forwent their bulkier shoes from the 30s and 40s and opted for sleek heels instead. Pair your favourite stilettos with a matching, curve-hugging sheath dress for a bold 1950s evening look.

Saddle shoes, also known as casual oxfords, also gained popularity during the 1950s, especially among young girls. Saddle shoes are still a darling footwear option today and give any outfit a definite 1950s appeal!

1950s Finishing Touche s Accessorizing in the 1950s was all about matching and looking polished. Handbags became increasingly popular and were often coordinated with shoes and hats. Fashionable eyewear also became trendy for 1950s accessories, including those cute, classic cat -eye classes!

Hats were still popular during the early 1950s, but they became less important in finishing an outfit by the end of the 1950s – partly because exaggerated hairstyles took the stage at the end of the decade. The hats that were popular during thi s era were delicate berets and smaller caps that didn’t interfere too greatly with a perfectly quaffed ‘do’.

THE TOP FIVE DESIGNERS OF 1950′S WOMEN FASHION. The most glamorous of the decades was probably the 1950′s and beautifully illustrates the creme de la creme of fashion designers: Christian Dior, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Pierre Balmain, Jaques Fath, and, of course, Coco Chanel.

Christian Dior Probably more than anyone else, Christian Dior redefined the look of women after the war years, with his bell suit and tiny waists. Grace Kelly was a great fan of this style. A master at shapes and silhouettes, he died in before the decade was out in 1957.

Cristóbal Balenciaga.

A big fan of opulent glamour, the Spanish designer neverthless went the opposite direction to Dior with sleeker silhouettes and less emphasis on the waist. His tunic dress paved the way for Chanels chemise.

Jacques Fath.

Fath originally sprung to worldwide fame with his exquisite gowns worn by Moira Shearer in The Red shoes. Also Rita Hayworths infamous Gilda dress was a Fath

creation. With his chic young Parisienne styles with plunging necklines and hourglass figures, Fach took Diors New Look to a younger audience. Fath also died tragically young of cancer in 1957.

Pierre Balmain.

Mentioned in Peter Sarstedt’s song “Where do you go to my lovely”, he was incredibly well known. His pure French style of elegance and grace was the envy of all designers. He popularized the Stole, which women took to draping over their evening dresses.

MODELS OF THE LATE 50S AND THE 60S

HOW TO DRESS YOURSELF AS IF YOU WERE IN THE 1960s Method 1 of 5: Hair

Put large curlers or orange soda cans on the ends of your hair and take them out when your hair has dried. Next, take a lock of hair, hold it and tease the crown of your hair by running your comb up and down the lock of hair. Make sure to leave your hair smooth. Comb all around and be extra careful not to disrupt your curled ends. Bouffants, beehives and pixies and bobs were very popular during the stretch of the 60s, more so than the ultra notorious hippie do. Wigs were very very popular in the sixties for woman. It was normal to have a wig in ones house for a different look. False shed hair was saved for weeks into "rats" and added under beehives to make them larger.

Method 2 of 5: Makeup

60s makeup revolved around heavy mascara, and pale a translucent skin powder. Whether you want a Twiggy look, a Sharon Tate look or a Pattie Boyd look, make sure to use eyelash curler and mascara. Emphasize your crease by using a cat eye and finish off with a false lash. Nude lips were not the only 60s staple, woman wore light pinks, peaches, coral colours and contrary to belief conservative women clutched on to wearing red lipstick.

Method 3 of 5: Clothes

1

1960-1964.The first half of the sixties mimicked the late 50s with shirt-waist dresses, turtle necks, pencil skirts, blouses in pastel colors.The only notable difference is the hem-line shrunk an inch or so above the knee (1960-64).

Method 4 of 5: Shoes .

Stay away from tennis shoes, most women didn't wear sneakers/trainers in the 1960's. Teenage girls wore saddle shoes and girls wore "Buster Browns", and children Mary Janes that buckled. It was time to simplify the years 1965-1969 in shoes. Have you seen those 2-3 inch patent leather heels? They definitely represent the 60's.During the end of the decade women and girls wore knee high go-go boots, pumps, Mary Janes, or kitten heels. Younger girls still rocked the classic black and white saddle shoe, which became brighter in colour, pinks, lime greens, inspired by the hippie era around 1967.

Method 5 of 5: Jewellery

Pearls, in the 60s, were oh so fine and classy. Woman wore timeless jewellery, think Audrey Hepburn during Breakfast at Tiffany's. Woman wore pearl earrings, pearl necklaces, pearl bracelets and simple diamond earrings.

THE CLOTHES OF FAMOUS PEOPLE IN 1960/1970 The Beatles used clothes to present themselves as a group, a gang, a band of brothers that Mick Jagger called the Four-Headed Monster. They worked with designers and tailors during each phase of their career, creating new looks to complement their endlessly innovative music.

In the US, The Beatles' style paved the way for an influx of British designers and mod fashion. Despite their love of the early rock'n'roll look, Lennon in particular was disparaging about US fashions, saying the American youths were five years behind the British.

Within the group, each man used clothes to express his own individuality.

We hear of how Lennon wore hats during the US invasion as a way to become noticed by the press pack, to set him apart as leader of the group; how Harrison, the most reluctant Beatle, was the only member not to wear their signature black boots during the group's final concert; and how McCartney's hair was skilfully arranged by Leslie Cavendish to give an illusion of length during the late 1960s.

It was with clothes and hair that Lennon started to signify he was moving on from The Beatles. By growing his hair and becoming unshaven, and by adopting Yoko Ono's stark black or white dress code, he publicly stated that his allegiance had switched away from his band mates.

COSMETICS IN THE 1960s Cosmetics in the 1970s reflected the contradictory roles ascribed for the modern woman. For the first time since 1900, make-up was chosen situationally, rather than in response to monolithic trends. The era's two primary visions were the daytime "natural look" presented by American designers and Cosmopolitan magazine, and the evening aesthetic of sexualized glamour presented by European designers and fashion photographers. In the periphery, punk and glam were also influential. The struggling cosmetics industry attempted to make a comeback, using new marketing and manufacturing practices.

Fashion in the 1980s The 1980s fashion had heavy emphasis on expensive dressing and fashion accessories. Apparels tend to be overly bright and vivid in appearance. Women expressed an image of wealth and success through shiny costume jewellery like large faux-gold earrings, pearl necklaces and clothing covered with diamonds. Punk fashion began as a reaction against both the hippie movement of the past decades and the materialist values of the current decade.

Hair in the 1980s was generally big, curly, bouffant and heavily styled. This was in contrast to the long and straight style worn in the 1970s. Television shows such as Dynasty helped popularize the high volume bouffant and glamorous image associated with it. Women from the 1980s wore a heavy and bright makeup.

Everyday fashion makeup in the 80s comprised having light-coloured lips, dark and thick eyelashes, pink and light blue blusher.

Early 1980s Many styles from the late 1970s remain fashionable in the early 1980s. In the 1970s, the silhouette of fashion tended to be characterized by close fitting clothes on top with wider, looser clothes on the bottom. This trend completely reversed itself in the early 1980s as both men and women began to wear looser shirts and tight, close-fitting trousers.

Men also grew moustaches due to the influence of television shows like Magnum, medium-length hair was common for men, while the longer haircuts of the 1970s went out of fashion. However, very long hair for men became fashionable in the late 1980s due to the influence of Heavy Metal music.

Brand names became increasingly important in this decade, making Ralph Lauren and Calvin Klein household names, among others.

After the release of her single "Like a Virgin" in late 1984, Madonna became a fashion icon for many young women around the world who copied her "street urchin" look with short skirts worn over leggings, brassieres worn as outer clothing, untidy hair, crucifix jewellery, and fishnet gloves.

The 1983 movie Flashdance made ripped sweatshirts popular. The television shows Dallas and, in particular, Dynasty also had a similar impact, especially in the area of the increasingly oversized shoulder pads. Dallas, however, promoted displays of wealth involving glitzy jewelry and sparkling clothing.

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the New Romantic music and fashion movement exerted a strong influence over the clothing worn by both men and women in the early years of the decade.

Other influences on fashion came from films starring Brat Pack members like Judd Nelson and Rob Lowe. By the late 1980s, the influence of an emerging, materialistic, Yuppie-influenced subculture was chronicled by writers like Bret Easton Ellis. Hip hop culture and Rap music also began influencing wider fashion trends, such as track suits (worn when not exercising), Kangol hats, including oversized gold jewellery on men and women.

New Romantic look New Romantic was a New Wave and fashion movement that occurred primarily in British and Irish nightclubs. New Wave, New Romantic, and Gothic (Goth) fashion at this time was heavily influenced by punk fashion: the streaky eyeliner, the spiked hair, the outrageous clothing, some of which derived from bondage wear (goth) and some of which (New Romantic) was a nod to long-gone eras. New Romantics emerged in the UK music scene in the early 1980s. They celebrated glamour and partied regularly at local nightclubs. The make-up was streaky and bold. The notoriously outlandish designer/club host Leigh Bowery, known for his exuberant designs, became a muse for artists such as Boy George and Duran Duran and had grown a huge status in the early 1980s underground club scene. The early designer of the punk look was Vivienne Westwood. Her early career was closely linked to the Sex Pistols. She also designed clothing specifically for bands, such as Adam and the Ants, and later developed the "pirate look." The pirate look featured full-sleeved, frilled "buccaneer" shirts often made of expensive fabrics. Hussar-style jackets with gold-braiding were worn with the shirts as well as high-waisted, baggy trousers which tapered at the ankle. Colin Swift, Stevie Stewart and David Holah were also influential new designers. One element of this trend that went mainstream and remained popular for most of the decade was short shirt collars worn unfolded against the neck (popped collars) with the top one or two buttons unfastened. Some people believed that, with the exception of business suits, to wear one's collar folded appeared awkward or stuff.

Duran Duran

Fashion in the 1990s The fashion in the 1990s was the genesis of two sweeping shifts in the western world: the beginning of fashion rejection and the beginning of the adoption of tattoos, body piercings aside from ear piercing ] and to a lesser extent, other forms of body modification such as branding. This started the indifferent, anticonformist approach to fashion which was popular throughout the 1990s, leading to the popularisation of the casual chic look, including T-shirts, jeans, hoodies, and trainers, a trend which continued into the 2000s.

The popularity of grunge and alternative rock music also helped bring the simple, unkept grunge look mainstream. In general, the 1990s saw a minimalist aesthetic in fashion, contrasted to the more elaborate and flashy trends of the 1980s. Additionally, fashion trends throughout the decade recycled styles from previous decades, notably those from the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, a trend which would continue into the 2000s and 2010s. Many people in the industry have noted the lack of divide between the 1990s and early 2000s due to the continued popularity of anti-fashion among a large section of the population.

The top-models of the 1990s were Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Eva Herzigova, Nadja Auermann, Christy Turlington, Kate Moss, Carla Bruni, Tatiana Sorokko, Helena Christensen, Claudia Schiffer, Yasmeen Ghauri, Stephanie Seymour, Carolyn Murphy, Amber Valletta, Shalom Harlow, and Tyra Banks.

The early 1990s saw a continuation of 1980s fashion: women wore denim button down shirts, neon colors, oversized sweaters, T-shirts, sweatshirts, baby doll dresses, trenchcoats lined with fake fur, and black leather jackets. Matching jeans and denim jackets began to be made in darker shades rather than the bleached acid wash of the 1980s.

From 1991 onwards, many women wore tight-fitting trousers with elastic boot-straps drainpipe jeans, colored tights, bike shorts, and tartan skirts. Popular accessories included court shoes, cowboy boots, headscarves, leggings, and penny loafers

General trends The dominant youth clothing fad at the beginning of the 1990s was fluorescent clothing in blue, green, orange, pink, and yellow. Hoop earrings were also a popular accessory for teenaged girls and women in the first years of the 1990s. Plaid shirts were also popular. Popular colors for girls included coral, hot pink, and turquoise. In Britain and the USA, girls wore oversized tee shirts, sweat shirts, sweaters, slouch socks worn over sweatpants or leggings, black or white lace trimmed bike shorts with babydoll dresses, belts worn with dresses, sweaters, and t-shirts, flats, Keds, Converse Chuck Taylor All-Stars,flared trousers, leotards worn as tops with jeans, and athletic shorts. Boys wore soccer shorts, jean jackets, tartan shirts, tapered acid wash jeans, and sweatpants. For example, in the Southern Suburbs of Chicago during the late 1980s and early 1990s, Z Cavericci pants and IOU sweatshirts were worn by members of the middle/upper-middle class.

For younger children, the mid-1990s was the Golden Age of Disney films with T-shirts and sweaters featuring characters like Simba, Mickey Mouse, Aladdin, and Winnie the Pooh. Tartan trousers, striped shirts, long sleeved polo shirts, and sweaters were worn by young boys in the UK. Blue denim and railroad stripe overalls were also popular for females, as seen on television and commercials throughout the decade, and for teenagers, who would leave either strap hanging loose. A common outfit for all girls, especially tweens and teens, was to wear a skirt, dress shorts, baby doll dress or short dress with black opaque tights, white slouch socks and Converse shoes.

Hip hop The early 1990s saw widespread interest in hip hop and gangsta rap due to the influence of artists like MC Hammer, Tupac Shakur, Eazy E, Dr. Dre, N.W.A., Wu Tang Clan, and Public Enemy. The sagging trend began in the early 1990s and continued until the 2010s. Wide leg jeans, Plaid, Khakis, Locs glasses, bomber jackets, tracksuits and baseball caps and snapback hats worn backwards became popular among hip hop fans together with gold chains, sovereign rings, and FUBU Tshirts.

The late 1990s saw the rise of the British chav subculture, an offshoot of the casuals, football fan subculture of the 1980s. Common items of clothing included tracksuits, baseball caps, gold jewellery, diamond earrings, and white Adidas trainers. Hair was heavily gelled, often bleached blonde, and either spiky or shaped into a quiff. Girls wore large hoop earrings and pulled their hair into a tight ponytail known as a croydon facelift.

Fashion in the 2000s The 2000s fashionis often described as being a "mash-up", where trends saw the fusion of previous styles, global and ethnic clothing, as well as the fashions of numerous music-based subcultures, especially indie pop. Many in the industry have noted the lack of divide between the 1990s and early 2000s due to the continued popularity of minimalist fashion among young people of both sexes. For the most part, the mid-late 2000s did not have one particular style but recycled vintage clothing styles from the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and 1980s.

Despite the numerous and mixed fashion trends of the 2000s, items of clothing which were predominant or popular throughout the decade include Ugg boots, High-tops, hoodies, and skinny jeans. Globalization also influenced the decade clothing trends, with the incorporation of Middle Eastern and Asian dress into mainstream European, American and Australasian fashion. Furthermore, eco-

friendly and ethical clothing, such as recycled fashions and fake fur, were prominent in the decade.

The leading fashion designers between 2000–2010 included the late Alexander McQueen, Vera Wang, Christian Louboutin, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Vivienne Westwood, and Karl Lagerfeld. The top supermodels of the decade were Kate Moss, Gisele Bündchen, Miranda Kerr, Alessandra Ambrosio, Heidi Klum, Naomi Campbell, Tyra Banks, Karolína Kurková, Izabel Goulart, Selita Ebanks, Christie Brinkley, Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista,Marisa Miller, Doutzen Kroes, Agyness Deyn, Hilary Rhoda, Raquel Zimmermann, Coco Rocha, Lily Donaldson, Chanel Iman, Sasha Pivovarova, Caroline Trentini, and Jessica Stam.

Early 2000s or Minimalism and the return of bright colours In the early 2000s, women and girls wore shoes and boots with rounded or flat toes. Dressy, feminine styles were reintroduced over the course of the decade, as women's fashion moved away from the more unisex styles of the 1990s. From 2001 onwards, women wore denim miniskirts, burberry designs, hip-hop-inspired sweatpants, ugg boots, Daisy Dukes, ripped "distressed" jeans, flipflops, ponchos, flared trousers, denim jackets, preppy polo shirts with popped collars, and tank tops exposing the midriff. Colours like baby blue, yellow, and hot pink were popular. These fashions remained popular well into the late 2000s.In the UK, it was popular for women to wear skirts over trousers, floral print shift dresses, and colours like black, purple and pink. Big, chunky shoes and sandals were popular, with thick wedge heels and imitation leather straps decorated with floral embroidery.

Boho and Vintage Many women continued to wear the early 2000s fashion trends, though the second half of the decade introduced many more diverse and ethnic trends. From 2005 and onwards, European and American women mostly wore low-rise tight jeans such as skinny jeans and hip-huggers, lycra yoga wear, knee-high boots with pointed toes, 1960s style trenchcoats and peacoats, tunics worn with wide or thin belts, capri pants, longer tank tops worn with a main blouse or shirt, 1940s inspired New Look dresses and sandals, leggings, and "vintage clothing" including hippie and Boho inspired dresses with paisley patterns. Crocs were a brief fad for both sexes in the summer of 2006, despite their kitsch connotations.

The canary yellow dress Reese Witherspoon wore to the Golden Globes helped establish that hue as a signature colour in 2007.Around this time, it was also popular for women to wear short 1960s style cocktail dresses, especially the LBD.

Activist chic In Britain and Australia, Middle Eastern shemaghs were worn as scarves as a protest against the Iraq War and demonstration of solidarity with the Palestinians.

In 2007, Che Guevara chic was popular in Europe and Latin America, with olive green fatigue jackets, boonie hats, berets, and T-shirts featuring red stars or the face of the famous revolutionary.

1980s revival Beginning 2006, men and women's fashion was influenced by 1980s punk, especially acid wash skinny jeans, bright neon colours, fishnet stockings, and jackets customised with metal studs. Shirts and jeans featured ripped fabric held together by an array of safety pins and leather jackets made a comeback. Celebrities sporting the look included singers, Madonna and Mariah Carey.

By 2008, this look had gone mainstream due to the popularity of indie pop influenced by rave and New Wave music. This second, larger wave incorporated more general items of 80s streetwear, like animal print headbands, denimprint jeggings, ballet flats, black spandex leggings, and light, translucent tartan shirts worn with a camisole underneath. Long, baggy empire line shirts were taken in at

the bustline and often paired with a belt. Fur coats made a comeback, although many women used "fish fur" due to real fur's association with animal cruelty.

1960s revival In the mid-2000s, retro fashions inspired by British indie pop groups and the 1960s counter culture became popular, including Converse All-stars, winkle pickers , cartoon print hoodies , vintage Classic rock T-shirts, throwback uniforms, T shirts bearing with 1980 advertisements printed on them or street art army surplus dress uniforms, paisley shirts, Mod-style velvet sport coats, parkas, windbreakers, Harris tweed jackets, and fitted 1970s style Western shirts with pearl snaps.

Business Suits In the UK workplace, black, navy blue or pinstripe three-buttoned office suits remained common, but Nehru suits or mandarin collar shirts inspired by the Beatles, James Bond, and science fiction movies like the Matrix, were a popular alternative from 2003–2006. In the US, men favoured the smart casual look, with striped purple dress shirts, flat front charcoal chinos, beige cardigans, Argy and pullovers, black or brown leather blazers, and houndstooth sportcoats.

Throwback fashions In the late 2000s, 1950s and 1980s fashions became popular: Letterman jackets, black leather jackets like the Perfecto, windbreakers, dashiki or Hawaiian shirts, ski jackets, slim and straight leg jeans, slim-fitting jeans Ray Ban Aviator sunglasses, wool topcoats, Ed Hardy T-shirts with low necklines, retro Patek Philippe, Casio G-Shock and Rolex wristwatches, neon colors inspired by rave music, geek chic inspired horn rimmed glasses, roll sleeve tartan flannel shirts worn with white T-shirts, cardigans and knitted V-neck sweaters. Popular footwear in Europe and America included Sperry Top-Siders, Keds, motorcycle boots, Nike Air Jordans, checked-board pattern Vans, and Converse Chuck Taylor All-Stars.

Youth fashion Youth fashion was strongly influenced by many music-based subcultures such as Emo, Indie kids, scene kids, Psychobilly, Preppy, Skater, Goth, Nu-Metal , ravers and Hip-Hop, including the British chav, US gangsta rapper and Mexican Cholo styles of the early 2000s Hip-Hop The clothing of American hip-hop fans underwent an evolution from the sagging baggy gangster jeans of the 1990s to a more retro look by the end of the decade. Popular items of clothing included baseball jackets, Nike Air Jordans, tracksuits, sweatpants, bucket hats, stunned shades, fur-lined puffer jackets, and flat-brim trucker hats or baseball caps.

During the early 2000s, many wealthy white jocks and preppies imitated the gangsta lifestyle, eschewing the semi-formal conservative look of the 1980s and 90s in favour of gold bling, expensive designer clothes, sneakers, dark jeans, and sweatpants.

Another common American subculture were the cholos and chicanos who wore baggy khaki slacks, gold chains, white T-shirts, and slicked back hair or shaved heads in imitation of Mexican prison gangs.

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