Lasswade High School Centre
Craft, Design and Technology S1/2 Homework Booklet
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The Design Process When designing your project you will be concerned with the design process. You will begin by identifying a problem and you will end the project by evaluating the article that you have designed to solve the problem. This design process requires you to consider many factors and make a number of decisions. There are many different methods or routes for doing this and the one which you choose for your project will depend on the nature of the problem. This section introduces you to a framework which will help you your design work. The framework for the design process is a series of linked stages which will help you to solve the problem. At each stage you will need to refer back to the previous stages.
A typical design project will consist of the following stages: 1.
The Design Brief
2.
Investigation
3.
Ideas
4.
Evaluation
5.
Development
6.
Planning
7.
Manufacture
8.
Testing
9.
Evaluation
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Materials All designers must have a good knowledge of materials and their properties. In doing so, they will be able to make good choices when selecting materials for design. When working on you project you will have to consider materials and be able to select the best material for the job. The materials commonly used in schools are:  Wood 
Metal

Plastic
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Wood There is a huge selection of different timbers available. This range can be split into two groups: 1.
Softwoods
2.
Hardwoods
Softwoods Softwoods are timbers which come from trees which are coniferous (evergreen). This means that they do not shed their leaves in winter. Coniferous trees usually have needle like leaves and there seeds are found on cones. Softwood trees are fast growing and they tend to be cheaper to buy than Hardwoods. Softwoods are often used in the construction industry. Types of softwoods include: Scots Pine, Spruce, Red Cedar and Douglas Fir.
Scots Pine
Red Cedar
Douglas Fir
Hardwoods Hardwoods come from tress which are deciduous. This means that they lose their leaves in winter. Hardwoods have broad leaves and have few knots. These trees are slow growing and are expensive to buy. They are often used to make expensive furniture. Types of Hardwoods include: Oak, Beech, Walnut, Teak and Mahogany.
Oak
Beech 4
Mahogany
Manufactured/Man Made Boards Manufactured boards are made from recycled woods. The recycled woods are cut into fine pieces and are glued in a large machine to make a flat board. Many boards have a veneer on top to make it look nicer or like a more expensive wood. Manufactured boards are cheap to buy and are often used for flat pack furniture.
Types of Manufactured Boards include: MDF, Plywood, Blockboard and Hardboard.
M.D.F.
Plywood
Blockboard
Finishing Wood A number of steps should be carried out when finishing Hardwoods and Softwoods and are shown below: 1.
Sand the wood to remove pencil marks.
2.
Raise the grain of the wood with a damp cloth.
3.
Sand the wood again to smooth it.
4.
Varnish the wood to make it waterproof.
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Metal There are two main groups of metals: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous. Ferrous Metals Ferrous metals contain iron. This makes the metals magnetic and causes them to rust. A type of Ferrous Metal is Mild Steel. Mild Steel can be recognised as dark grey in colour and heavy in weight.
Non-Ferrous Metals Non-Ferrous metals do not contain iron and are therefore not magnetic and do not rust. Types of Non-Ferrous metals include: Aluminium, Brass and Copper.
Aluminium
Brass
Copper
Pure Metals Some metals are pure metals meaning that they contain no other elements. Pure metals include: Aluminium, Copper and Tin. Alloy Metals Alloy Metals are metals which have a mixture of elements in order to create metals with certain properties. Alloys include: Brass, Steel and Bronze. Finishing Metals A number of steps are carried out to finish and polish the surface of metals: 1.
Rub the metal with Emory Cloth.
2.
Rub the metal with Wet and Dry Paper.
3.
Rub the metal with Steel Wool.
4.
Polish the metal with metal polish (Brasso) and a cloth. 6
Plastics Synthetic plastics come from chemicals that come form coal, oil and gas. There are two main groups of plastics: Thermoplastics and Thermoset plastics. Thermoplastics Thermoplastics can be heated and shaped then harden when cooled. They can be reheated and reshaped. These types of plastics have plastic memory and return to their original shaped if reheated. A type of Thermoplastic is Acrylic. Acrylic is available in a wide range of colours. Thermosetting Plastics Thermosetting plastics can only be heated and shaped once. Once the plastic has been shaped and has cooled it cannot be heated and shaped again. Thermosetting plastics are often used for products which are going to going to get hot. A type of Thermosetting plastic is Urea Formaldehyde. Urea Formaldehyde is strong and scratch resistant.
Finishing Plastics A number of steps are carried out to finish and polish the edges of plastics and are shown below: 1.
Cross file the edges with a flat file.
2.
Draw file the edges with a flat file.
3.
Rub the edges with Wet and Dry paper.
4.
Polish the edges with metal polish (Brasso) and a cloth.
5.
Remove the film from the plastic.
Acrylic is most commonly used in schools and has a thin plastic film covering the surfaces of the plastic. The plastic film protects the surfaces form scratches while it is worked on.
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Homework Tasks
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Technology Timeline Homework During class time you will have discussed what you and your classmates felt to be technology. You should pick one item of technology and create a timeline for that product. You will have to choose your product then find out when the product was invented, and how it has changed over time until the present day. Your timeline should: 1. Show pictures of the technology as it changes over time 2.
Contain dates of when the product changed
3.
Describe the product and how the product has changed (how it looked, how it worked, materials etc.).
Your timeline can be completed by hand or on the computer and should be well presented on a piece of A4 paper. Try and remember one interesting fact about your chosen technology to share with the class next time in CDT. An example of a timeline is shown below.
Pictures Timeline 1950
Text
______ ______ ______ ______
1960
______ ______ ______ ______
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1990
2010
______ ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ______ ______
Scottish Inventor Homework
Research a Scottish Inventor and one of their inventions then create an A5 magazine page and write a report on your findings. In your own words you should describe: 1.
Who the inventor is (name, when they were alive, where they lived)
2.
What the product is
3.
When it was designed
4.
Why it was designed
5.
How it has changed
Your magazine page should have a picture of the Inventor and/or a picture of the invention you have researched. An example of a magazine layout is shown below.
Picture
Text
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Recycled Toy Homework Children around the world have very different lifestyles. In wealthy countries we produce huge amounts of waste which we bury in the ground. Much of this waste is produced by companies using unnecessary packaging on their products. In wealthy countries children’s toys produce a huge amount of packaging waste as well as the waste caused when the toys are finished with. In poor countries, where many of these toys are made, children don’t get toys as presents because there is only enough money for essential items such as food and clothing. Many of these children use the little waste their family does produce to make their own toys.
Your challenge is to: 1.
Design and make a child’s toy using only found/waste materials (You must not use glue, cellotape etc.).
2.
Create a poster/factsheet discussing
Three facts about waste/recycling
Three facts about children’s lives in poor countries like South Africa
The toy’s will be judges on imagination and the use of found materials, as well as the quality of facts presented with the toy. Merits will be awarded to the best three entries in each class as well as a certificate.
The best entry overall will win a prize!!! Prizes will be awarded to the best three entries overall. •House points will be awarded to the best three entries in each class. •Toys will be
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Packaging Homework Packaging is the first thing that customers see of your product. The images and information on your product help show the customer what your product is about.
Find a piece of packaging and glue it flat into your jotter. Around your packaging you should describe: a. b. c. d.
What kind of information is shown on the packaging The images used The use of colour The type of text (Is it easy to read? Big? Small? Etc.)
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Puzzle Homework Tasks Q1. a. State the two categories of wood? b. Explain the difference between them. c. Try and find a leaf from each category of tree and tape this into your jotter.
Q2. The type of wood used for the base of the Tangram Puzzle was a Manufactured Board. a. b. c.
What does the term Manufactured Board mean? How do you make a Manufactured Board? Name the manufactured board used for the base of your puzzle.
Q3. The tool shown below was used in the workshop. State the name and use of this tool.
Q4. Glue was used to join your frame and base of your Puzzle together. a. b.
Name the glue which was used to join your frame. State an advantage of using this glue.
Q5. During the finishing stages of wood we raise the grain. a. b.
How do we raise the grain of the wood? Why do we raise the grain of the wood? 13
Q6. A number of steps were carried out when preparing the wood and are shown below in the wrong order. Sand the wood Raise the Grain
Apply Varnish Sand the wood
Complete the list below by putting the steps in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Sand the wood
Q7. A range of metals were used to create the Tangram Puzzle.
a. b.
Name the four metals used in the Tangram Puzzle? What are the two categories of metal?
Q8. How could you tell that a metal is Non-Ferrous? Non-Ferrous metals will melt Non-Ferrous metals are flexible Non-Ferrous metals are not magnetic Non-Ferrous metals are shiny Q9. Steel used in the Tangram Puzzle is a Ferrous metal. Explain what a Ferrous Metal is and what can happen to it if not protected with a finish. 14
Q10. The tool shown opposite was used in the workshop. a.
State the name and use of this tool.
Q11. State three safety rules when working in the workshop.
Q12. The image below shows plastic which was used in the Tangram Puzzle.
a. b.
Name the plastic in the Tangram Puzzle? Give two reasons why this is a good material to use.
Q13. The type of plastic used in the Tangram Puzzle was a Thermoplastic. What does the term Thermoplastic mean? Choose from the options below. Thermoplastics can be reshaped when heated Thermoplastics cannot be reshaped when heated Thermoplastics are magnetic
Q14. The tool shown below was used in the workshop. a.
State the name and use of this tool. 15
Jewellery Homework Tasks Q1. Here is the design process. a. Copy and complete the design process shown below Brief
The Design Pro-
DevelopDesign
Q2. Explain why it is important to research your target market?
Q3. Create a Theme page for your design folio. You can use the internet and/or magazine images to create your theme page. Your theme page should be printed and brought to class with you as you will need it to generate ideas. If you do not have access to a printer speak to your teacher before the homework is due.
Q4. As part of your design folio you will have created a Specification for your design. a. b.
What kind of information would you find in the Specification? Why is it important to create a specification before generating your ideas?
Q5. Metals are widely used in our homes because they have a wide range of properties. Find three metals in your own home, state the metal, the use/object and explain why you think the metal was chosen for that particular application. 16
Q6. Draw each tool and describe their use: a. b.
Scriber Engineers Square
c. d.
Hack Saw Flat file
Q7. Sweat soldering was used to join your materials during the jewellery project. a.
Describe with the use of sketches how the material is prepared before heating the solder.
Q8. The forge was used to sweat solder your Brass and Copper together. a. b.
Name two pieces of protective clothing which should be worn when using the forge. What should you use to remove your jewellery from the forge?
Q9.. A number of steps are carried out to finish the surface of Brass and Copper and are stated below in the wrong order. Rub the surface with Emory Cloth Polish the surface with Brasso and a rag
Rub the surface with Steel Wool Rub the surface with Wet and Dry Paper
Complete the list below by putting the steps in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Rub the surface with Emory Cloth
Q10. Your finished jewellery was sprayed with lacquer. a. Why was this finished applied to your jewellery? 17
T-Light Homework Tasks Q1. a. Name the three categories of wood. b. Give an example from each category of wood and state what each wood is commonly used for.
Q2. Complete an Existing Products page for you design folio. You can use the internet and/or magazine images to create your Existing Products page. Your page should be printed and brought to class with you as you will need it to generate ideas. If you do not have access to a printer speak to your teacher before the homework is due.
Q3. The consumption of timber such as paper and hardwoods contribute to deforestation and effect our world environment. How can we help in small ways to make a difference?
Q4. Draw each tool and describe their use: a. b.
Steel Rule TrySquare
c. d.
Tenon Saw Saw Board
Q4. The piece of equipment shown opposite was used during the manufacture of your T-Light holder. a. b.
State the name of this equipment Name three safety rules which should be followed when using this equipment. 18
Q5. During the manufacture of your t-light project holes were drilled part of the way into your material to make positions for your t-lights. a. b. C.
State the full name of the equipment which was used to do this. Describe how you would secure your material before drilling. State two safety rules which should be followed when using this equipment.
Q6. During the design of your t-light holder you will have researched wood joints in class. a. b.
Name two different wood joints that you could have used in the design of your project. Pick one of the wood joints you have named and sketch and render it.
Q7. Varnish was applied to your t-light holder. a. b.
State why varnish was applied to your material. Describe how the varnish should be applied to your wood in order to get the best finish.
Q8. Varnish is often used to finish your wood. Research two other types of finishes that can be applied to wood. a.
Name two finishes and state why/when those finishes would be applied.
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Plastics Homework Tasks Q1. A number of steps were carried out to finish the edges of the plastic and are shown below in the wrong order. Draw file the edges Cross file the edges
Polish the edges with a cloth and Brasso Smooth the edges with Wet and Dry paper
Complete the list below by putting the steps in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Cross file the edges
Q2. The plastic used had a film over it. Why is it important to keep the film on until the end of the project?
Q3. Thermoplastics can be shaped when heated. a. b.
Name two pieces of equipment which can be used to heat the plastic before shaping. Name one piece of protective clothing must you wear when using this machine?
Q4. Plastic is an important material and is used for many products. Plastics can now be recycled so that they can be used again by being made into new products. The symbol shown below is the Recycling Loop. This can be found on all materials which can be recycled. a.
Name 3 plastic products in your home that have this symbol.
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Graphics Homework Tasks Q1. Within graphic design several techniques can be used to bring a page or advert to life. One technique is the design of styles lettering. You will often see the use of fancy or themed style text used on television, adverts, leaflets and packaging. One of the main aims of the graphic designer is to catch the eye of the passer by or the potential buyer. Your task is to try and bring the following words to life in whatever way you can graphically following the theme of the word. For example…
FROZEN
Fire
Water
Speed
Q2. Using the example below as a guide. Sketch a drawing of a wooden spatula and render it. The ‘crate’ for the drawing should measure 300mm x 65mm. 300mm
65mm
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Q3. Freehand draw the Colour Wheel showing Primary, Secondary and Tertiary colours and then render each section in the appropriate colour. You may wish to use the Internet to help with this task.
Primary Colour
Secondary Colour
Tertiary Colour
Q4. Design a new Lasswade High School Centre badge. Draw a freehand Presentation Drawing of your design and render it using the rendering techniques you have been taught.
Q5. Design a new type of mobile phone. Draw a Freehand Presentation Drawing of your design and render it using the techniques you have been taught. Note: all curves must be constructed using the technique you have been taught.
Q6. Using simple geometric forms such as cubes, cuboids and cylinders design a simple child’s clock. When you are happy with your design draw and render an isometric drawing of your design.
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Q7. Using Google Sketch Up draw the clock designed in Question 5. Note you can download this free at home but ask first. If you do not have access to a PC at home ask your teacher for help with this task.
Q8. In class you have been learning about Orthographic Drawings. Pick a product from your house and sketch it as an Orthographic Drawing.
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