Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering, May 2017
ISSN 2412-5954 28
1, a
1, b
1, c
1,d
1 a
sihc@yandex.ru
b
cheberiachkoyi@ukr.net
c
lenayavorskay@mail.ru
d
ruis@i.ua DOI 10.2412/mmse.81.48.85 provided by Seo4U.link
Keywords: Dust respirator, pressure drop, breathing resistance, dust content, particle size distribution.
ABSTRACT. The objective of the research is to determine protective properties of the filters of dust respirators being used in coal mines; the properties to be studied are obtained under laboratory conditions. It has been determined that penetration coefficient of dust-loaded filters gets worse along with the moisture increase in terms of volume filtration phase; however, the coefficient gets better in terms of the phase of surface accumulation of dust deposit at the expense of filter surface porosity reduction. It has been proved that the increase of dust concentration in the air of a working zone in terms of air moisture and high filtration rate within the initial phase helps improve protective properties; the effect is stipulated by the nonavailability of volume filtration phase. It is shown that a prefilter (made of special-purpose hydrophilic material with low fabric weight) being placed on a filter box prolongs the life of a main filter at the expense of the reduction of surface potential flowing off and as well as decrease in dust load.
Introduction. Working conditions in terms of coal enterprises are determined mostly by dust factor, i.e. they depend upon dust content in the air of a working zone, its generation type, and dust deposition near dust sources. In this context dust properties stipulates selection of the corresponding measures to deal with this problem. Current regulatory documents on labor safety based on sanitary-hygienic standards or levels of permissible dust loads if the standards are impossible to meet. Moreover, miners are provided with respiratory protective devices. Their selection is regulated by several standards [1, 2]. It is considered that if filtering respirator is selected correctly, it can protect a worker against pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis. Despite the fact that the use of respiratory protective devices is obligatory, the number of people with dust etiology diseases increases year by year. Thus, study of the efficiency of dust filtering respirators use under production conditions is of high importance and topicality. Outlining of the unsolved problem. Polypropylene materials have become very popular to make filtering respiratory protective devices as the materials are characterized by slight initial breathing resistance, ease in their manufacturing and use, and high mechanical hardness. However, their protective properties depend greatly upon the available electrostatic charge. The research shows that in terms of linear filtration rates up to 0.006 m/s the efficiency of electrostatic mechanisms of aerosol particle catching reaches 80% of total action of all the mechanisms [3]. However, it is unstable and its behaviour can be unpredictable especially under the effect of high temperature and air moisture [4, 5]. Taking into account the fact that mine workings of coal mines are characterized by unfavorable climatic conditions, especially by high air moisture, there is the topical problem to research its effect
his is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
MMSE Journal. Open Access www.mmse.xyz
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