Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering, May 2017
ISSN 2412-5954
Synthesis, Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Studies of Nanostructured Cadmium Doped ZnO Nanorods by Hydrothermal Method 12 P. Logamani1, G. Poongodi2, R. Rajeswari3,a 1
Department of Chemistry, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Millath Govt. College for Women, Chennai, India
3
Department of Physics, Quaid-e-Millath Govt. College for Women, Chennai, India
a
rajikanna99@yahoo.co.in DOI 10.2412/mmse.37.62.535 provided by Seo4U.link
Keywords: cadmium doped ZnO, nanorods, hydrothermal method, FESEM.
ABSTRACT. Nowadays, considerable attention has been paid to the eradication of hazardous substances in the environment especially in the wastewater. The photocatalytic reaction is used to mineralize the hazardous recalcitrant pollutants in to simple and harmless compounds and has been enhanced by the application of nanoparticles. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a nontoxic wide band gap semiconductor photocatalyst, having unique properties such as high mobility, excellent chemical and thermal stability, high transparency and biocompatibility. To enhance its photocatalytic activity in the visible region ZnO can be doped with metals and non-metals. In the present work, pure and cadmium doped ZnO nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with EDAX and UV Vis spectroscopy. The XRD results showed that the grown nanorods were well crystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images confirm the nanorod structure. UV-Vis transmission spectra show that the substitution of Cd in ZnO leads to band gap reduction. The Cd doped ZnO nanorods were found to exhibit improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light in comparison with the undoped ZnO.
Introduction. Semiconductor photocatalysts have been extensively studied to remove harmful organic pollutant as well as energy production, since the photocatalytic splitting of water on TiO2 electrode has been reported by Fujishima et al (1972) [1]. The semiconductors as photocatalysts have shown excellent utility in the complete mineralization of various environmental pollutants such as dyes, detergents and volatile organic compounds [2]. In recent years, ZnO has been studied as photocatalyst, for the destruction of wide range of organic pollutants [3]. One of the main limitations of ZnO is the photo-instability in aqueous solution, when it is exposed to UV irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO gets decreased [4]. Several efforts have been made to reduce the instability of ZnO, among which transition metal doping is the simple and efficient technique to reduce photo instability. Furthermore, the optical absorption and photocatalytic performance of ZnO can be improved by transition metal dopants [5, 6]. In particular, cadmium is considered as a potential material for its abundant electron states and large solubility into ZnO matrix [7]. During the photocatalytic reaction, cadmium in ZnO matrix acts as an electron sink to enhance the separation of photo-excited electrons from holes, which favors the photocatalytic activity. In this study, the nanostructured pure and Cd doped ZnO nanorod samples were prepared by hydrothermal method. The influence of cadmium doping on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO has been studied. Experimental detail 12
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