Vol. 14 (1994), No. 11

NEWSLETTER OF THE

MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOVEMBER 1994 BELL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIV 10 CHURCH STREET SOUTH EAST

NUMBER 11 MINNEAPOLlS, MN 55455-0104

Do you ever have a question about one of your hcrps and wonder who might be able to provide an answer? Most people who keep pcts of any kind have been is this situation at onc time or another. A group of MHS members has volwlteered to provide assistance. Listed oclow are the people and their specialties. Please be reasonable about the time of day and

how frequently you call.

Large pythons and constrictors Glen (Jake) Jacobsen 757-8268 Vence Jimerson 869-8547 Other Snakes John Meltzer 263-7880 John or Connie Levell 374-5422 Amphibians John Meltzer Greg Kvanbek Jeff LeClere Education Cuntact Dav Lydon

263-7880 533-7723 488-6388 550-9855

Terrestrial turtles and tortoises John Moriarty 647-1334 Ann Porwoll 489-7853 Glen (Jake) Jacobsen 757-8268 Aquatic Turtles Michele Stillinger 224-7212 Dennis Daly 331-8606 Lizards Nancy Haig Bill Moss

789-4637 434-8684

Crocodilians Jeff Lang

(701) 772-0227

The purpose of the Minnesota Herpetological Society is: to further the education of the membership and the general public in care and captive propagation of reptiles and amphibians; to educate the membership and the general public in the ecological role of reptiles and amphibians; and to promote the study and conservation of reptiles and amphibians.

MRS BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY RECORDING SECRETARY TREASURER NEWSLETTER EDITOR MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT

(612) 488-1383 (612) 374-5422 (612) 623-7620 (612) 925-4237 (612) 925-4237 (612) 224-7212 (612) 753-0218 (612) 757-8268 (612) 488-6388 (612) 291-1132 (612) 757-8268

Bill Moss John Levell George Richard Randy Blasus Marilyn Brooks Michele Stillinger Gary Ash Donna Calander Jeff LeClere Barb Radanke Glen Jacobsen

SNAKEBITE EMERGENCY HENNEPIN REGIONAL POISON CENTER

(612) 347-3141

MINNESOTA POISON CONTROL SYSTEM LOCAL

(612) 221-2113

OUTOFSTATE

(XIlO) 222-1222

Copyright Minnesota Herpetological Society. TIle contents of this newsletter may be reproduced for inclusion in the newsletters of other herpetological societies provided that the material is reproduced without change and proper credits are givcn to the N1HS Newsletter, citing, volumc, Ilumhcr, and date.

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Upcoming meeting highlights MHS Business General Meeting Review Letter from the Treasurer Festival Thanks by Gloria Anton Pet Store Observations by IeffLeClere Articles - Lighting Snakes of Minnesota by IeffLeClere Western Ghats Update Photo contest rules and info Classified ads

3 4 6

7 8 10 11 15 18 25

26

tl,

From the editor...

Winter is coming, time to bundle up those herpsfor the long cold snowy nights. If you are bringing a herp for Critter of the Month PLEASE use a styrofoam container or cooler to keep them warm or avoid bring sensative tropical species. Please note the Weste1'1l Ghats Update article on page 18, it's a great look behind the scenes of one of the conservation programs MHS has contributed to. The Holiday Banquet is coming, send in those forms from last months newsletter. If you don't get it in on time, call Marilyn and let her know you're coming. Hope to see you there, we'll have a great speaker, good food and afantastic door prize!

Happy Holidays! - Michele

Next Newsletter Deadline: December 2, 1994 Send all articles, ads, & inquiries directly to the newsletter editor at: MHSEDITOR 234 West George SI. St.Paul,MN 55107

2

MHS Newsleller Volume XIV Number 11

Welcome!

Welcome to the Minnesota Herpetological Society! Meetings are presented on various topics, directly and indirectly, related to reptiles and amphibians. Membership rates begin at'$15. If you wish to join, please visit the Membership Secretary during the General Meeting or fill out the form on the inside back cover of this newsletter.

The General Meeting is held the flfst Friday of every month (except holiday weekends - see list below) at Borlaug Hall, Room 335 on the University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus. Meeting begins at 7;00 sharp.

Meeting dates for 1994

Meeting dates for 1995

December 2, 1994 December 3,1994 (Holiday Party)

January 6, 1995 February 3, 1995 (White Snake Sale) March 3, 1995 (Elections)

MHS PURPOSE & BOARD OF DIRECTORS are listed on the inside front cover of this newsletter as well as the phone numbers of members who can answer specific animal related questions you may have. Please look for these people at the General Meeting as well.

General Meeting Agenda Meetings begin at 7:00 sharp. !fyou are late, please enter through the back door of the lecture room, around corner to the right. The meeting consists of a brief address by the President on peltinent business followed by the introduction of the speaker of presentation. After the speaker there is a short break when you can purchase raffle tickets for an assortment ofherp related items, buy books, t-shirts, check out library books in our well stocked herp library and talk to a friend or meet someone new. Following the break we have our "Critter ofthe Month", sort of a show-n-tell of your favorite herps. Finally we hold the raffle drawing. meeting ends by 10:00 when we must leave the room, although it could end earlier allowing for additional socializing. Aller the meeting, you may find many of our members at the local restaurants, still talking about herps!

HELPFUL HINT: Board members and information people will try to answer your questions and seek out new members but sometimes there are so many people it may be hard to find them. Just look for the information signs or members with yellow colored name tags.

Meeting Etiquette We request that talking be kept to a minimum during the presentation or when board members are speaking. This is a general courtesy to the speaker as well as the members present. Believe it or not, we have had a problem due to the casual nature of the setting or we wouldn't have to state this! tfyou need to leave after the meeting begins, please enter and exit through the back doors. For the safety of all members, animals and our standing with the

University, please do not allow children to run up and down the stairs in the lecture room or in the halls. Because the University lets us use this lecture room at no charge, all children must be with parents when in the building.

Occasionally treats are donated by a member. Please make sure children take one serving to allow everyone a chance to enjoy! Sales other than MHS merchandise are NOT allowed in the meeting room, transactions may be performed out in the hall. Animals brought for "Critter of the Month" must stay in their cages, bags, etc, before and after "Critter of the Month". This is for the safety of the animal, too many fingers in the pot... NO venomous animals are allowed. If you have questions about this policy or feel your animal does not qualify as venomous, please contact Vice President John Levell. Final permission will be granted by John only.

MHS News{eller Vo{umeXIV Number 11

3

Upcoming Meeting Highlights DECEMBER 1994 PROGRAM:

HERPETOLOGY OF THE UPPER AMAZON HOLXDAY BANQUET PROGRAM:

HERPETOLOGICAL ECOTOURISM IN LATIN AMERICA SPEAKER: WXLLXAM W. LAMAR Can there be a better way to prepare ourselves for the impending Minnesota winter than with a program on the amphibians and reptiles of a warm, tropical paradise? How about a second presentation on how you and I can personally experience herpetology in the tropics?

Luckily, just this type of double feature will occur in st. Paul during December when well known herpetologist, and co-author of the book Venomous Reptiles of Latin America, William W. Lamar graces the Minnesota Herpetological Society with a visit.

Although maintaining a residence in Texas, Bill's main interest in the systematics and ecology of Neotropical amphibians and reptiles has led him to the Upper Amazon Basin where he has spent the majority of the last twenty years. currently authoring a book on the herpetofauna of Northeastern Peru, Bill's presentation at Friday's general meeting will summarize his Amazonian explorations and provide a glimpse of some of the wide array of species he has encountered over the years.

In keeping with this year's tropical theme, the program for the annual Holiday Banquet will focus on Herpetological Ecotourism in Latin America.

As the founder and current President of Green Tracks, Inc., a company which specializes in natural history tours specifically catering to herpetologists, Bill has a wealth of information to share on the subject. Bill personally leads several trips annually, to both Costa Rica and the Amazon, in which over 80 different amphibian and reptile species may be encountered. Other elements of the native flora and fauna are explored as well, and this presentation promises to be highly entertaining.

Bill is also conducting long term studies of the herpetofauna of the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica and remains actively involved with the School of Sciences at the University of Texas in Arlington. In addition, he will have just returned from South America, and we are extremely fortunate that Bill will be able to squeeze a trip to the "Great White North" . into his busy schedule.

So plan on attending both the general meeting and holiday banquet, and help give a warm welcome to this dedicated southerner.

I'm certain he'll not appreciate our December weather.

See you there!

J.P.L.

4

AJHS Newsletter Volume XlV Number 11

MHS Business August Board Meeting Highlights

Donna Calander - Ball python Pytholl reguis

By Randy Blasus, Recording Secretary

Chris Miller - Sinaloan milk snake Lampropeltis triangulum sinG/aae

The monthly meeting of the MHS Board of Directors was conducted November 5th, 1994 at Donna Calander & Jake Jacobsen's house. A quorum of directors was present. The board took the following actions:

Rachyl Danculovich - Green water dragon Physignalhus cOJ1cincinliS

Beau & Derek Larson - Tiger salamander Ambystoma ligrinuJJ1

We are currently sending out letters to request donations to the White Snake Sale.

Other MHS Business National Herpetological Alliance requested a donation for their project CARE. The project is to standardize shipping policies for amphibians and reptiles to prevent mishandling. Motion was made and passed to allot $30 to them.

If you would like to donate a refreshment, such as cookies, for a meeting, contact Refreshment Chair Nanette Jimerson at 869-8547. Or, please make a donation in our Donation Frog on the table to help us purchase coffee and kool-aid.

Friends of Reptiles and Amphibians Western Ghats region (FRA WG) sent an update of their project.

SURVEY RESULTS

Several of the new Minnesota herp books will be purchased to donate to various local libraries, Universities, Fish & Wildlife library, Itasca Field Station & the Wildlife Rehabilitation Clinic.

The results of the MRS Survey/Questionnaire have been tabulated, calculated, recorded, notarized, transcribed, graphed, and mulched. There were 30 completed forms given back to MHS. Eleven of these 30 were willing to put their names on the survey

Presented and accepted were: Treasurer's Report, MemOne of the suggestions was to print the results of the bership Report and Board Meeting Minutes. survey in the newsletter. Well, that is a huge undertaking as it twelve pages long using smaller font than this.

General Meeting Highlights I think it could be more digestible is I cut it into sections 167 people attended the November meeting!

and condensed some of the responses.

John Moriarty will be using his speaker fee to buy books So starting next month I will publish the answers beginfor the Nature Conservancy, and Barney Oldfield will be ning with "The Society" section. donating his fee to a conservation organization.

We would still appreciate getting any survey you have not completed yet. If you have any questions or RAFFLE DONORS: comments, please call me or a member of the board.

Bill Moss, Virginia Shaw Larson, Cindy & Ken Hoeye, Get Ready! & Custom Cages.

Marilyn Brool<s CRITTER OF THE MONTH: See guidelilles all page {IVa for Critter of Ihe MOlllh.

John Levell - African mud turtle Pelusias spp.

Jodi Aherns - Melanistic Eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirlalis sir/atis

Jake Jacobsen - Uromastyx UromGstyx aegyplicus

5

iHHS Newsletter Volume XIV Number II

Notice*Notice*Notice* MHS will be buying 7 copies of tile MN A & F book to give to metro county libraries.

There is an "address correction requested" on the back of your newsletter now. If you are planning to move, please let us know ASAP. Your newsletter will NOT be forwarded. We tried but the Post Office won't do it for bulk mail.

MHS now has a Voice Mail box through the Bell Museum. This mail box will tell of important

breaking information such as upcoming events, directions to meeting, changes, etc. You can also leave messages. The number is #624-7065.

The White Snake Sale is Coming!

This February MilS will hold its annual White Snake (elephant) Sale. This is a great opportunity to unload some of that extra animal stuff that is cluttering up the basement and get somc more! All proceeds from the auction style sale go to the Society. Please donate items that are in good condition, i.e. no brokcn hot rocks!

Some of the great buys in the past have been cages, tanks, plants, jewelry, sweatshirts, food, etc, etc.

Contact a board member if this is your first White Snake Sale and you would like to donate.

THANKS!

Letter to the Editor..

1.+38 Shrycr Ave. Roseville. 1[N 55113 31 October 1990\

MilS Editor 234 West George st.

St. Paul. MN 55107 Dear Editor:

In the recent. MHS Newsletter Critter of the Month column (14(10):4) you criticized an MHS member (John Levell) for not listing the common name of the animal he brought to the meeting. It may not be complete to only list the scientific name, but it is just a correct as listing only the common name or partial conunon name.

Critter of the month is should be to be an opportunity for members to educate each other on the reptiles or amphibians they have in their collection. Part of that education is leanalng the proper name. which includes both the scientific and common name. If the presenter does not properly list both on the sign-up sheet either do not list them in the newsletter or look up proper names. Comments like the<;e in the last

newsletter are unnecessary!

Sincerely.

N~ The personal remark to JollII Levell in last months Critter of the MOllth was meant to be sarcastic. Ifelt confident that John Levell would understand the remark as we have had frequent conversations to the effect. However, I see that I neglected to realize that other members who were unfamiliar with the situation, migltt see my remark differently. In the future I will refrainjrofllllsing my lilli/Simi brand of sarcasm in the newsletter. As a side note, John Levell has graciously offered to lise his e.xtellsive Iterp librlllY to copy down tlte scientific llames of all Critter oftlte Montlts for print ill the Newsletter. I have always felt that tlte scientific name is a valuable tool and of interest to members. TlllInks JL! - ed.

6

MHS Nelvs/etter Volume XIV Number II

MHS General Meeting Review

by Randy BIasus, Recording Secretary

We learned this month just how difficult it is to become a published author. The process is a long and arduous journey where one loose end leads to another; never knowing where the journey will end until that final corner is turned (especially with University publishingl) .

However, with field guides in particular, this end is merely the point where the author can pause for a moment. Publications such as these soon draw new explorers down paths of discovery to add to that sum of knowledge.

New interests are also soon kindled by the text and will bring many new travelers.

Jeff Lang originally started down this road but was soon to be joined by Barney Oldfield, who has some interest in this area.

However, by 1986-87 other matters had called Jeff away. Barney then enlisted John Moriarty to accompany him. Many times they used their separate skills and both were assisted by friends in field and library. Barney introduced us to a few through informational slides where we were also shown proper field dress. The standard attire appears to be somewhere in between Marlin Perkins and his companion Jim (you remember the"and now my friend Jim will wrestle the alligator"-guy) and a bad Rambo impersonator.

There were many obstacles to overcome. Some were challenging; like the time limitation put up

by Minnesota's seven months of cold weather (stuff herpers may like little less then their quarry). Others were more taxing. An example of this would be the many drives to the

southern counties in fruitless search of the elusive Cricket Frog. The unstable and ever changing groundwork of taxonomy provided yet another challenge.

This affects animals including our familiar friend the B-B-BBullsnake. They were able to defray (almost) all personal attacks, however, by using the Standard Common and CUrrent Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles

by Joe Collins and thereby laying the blame, as it were, elsewhere.

Walter Breckenridge, whose original treatise has lasted and served many people these past 50 years, gave inspiration to produce this updated version. It has taken twelve years to finish but has brought forth new much new information as much has been accomplished and changed over time.

In any case they have produced a fine book and have contributed to herpetology. Their production will doubtless inspire many more to pursuits in this fascinating field, both professional and amateur alike.

Friends, the journey does not end yet, for we are invited to go forth into the world beyond our front door to experience what we have read and increase the interest and information of these fascinating animals. Do not look back; you just may see a wishful look in their eyes to travel with you in this quest for knowledge even as they go back to the more mundane tasks which none-the-less fulfill the rest of the purpose of your quest, herping my friend, herping!

MHS Newsleller Volume XIV Number J I

Funding for MHS

By Marilyn Brooks, Treasurer The Minnesota Herpetological Society is Incorporated as a Business under the State of Minnesota as a Non-Profit Organization. Let me begin with the definition of Non-Profit: A non-profit organization is one that profits no one person or group of people. As a business we must make a profit or at least break even to continue to function and strive to meet our goals of education and conservation.

Now, the MHS Board of Directors has to operate like any business in making sure we are raising the money needed to cover the expenses required to operate. The first part of this is the money coming in. Mostly this comes from our membership dues, donations, and fund raisers (raffle, sale of merchandise, white snake sale, etc). The latter part is what the money is spent on. Mainly it goes to the newsletter (both printing and postage) and speakers.

Income from dues was $3525.00 last year.

Newsletter printing was $4094.36 last year.

Postage on Newsletters last year was $478.72.

All remaining funds needed to operate have to come from other sources or membership fees would have to go up. We want to hold down membership fees as long as possible.

Remember, we also need to cover the expenses of such things as bringing in speakers, printing white pages, buying library books, getting supplies, or other miscellaneous costs. I know money is tight for everyone, but one thing you can do to help MHS is to increase your membership level to Contributing or Sustaining.

One of the troublesome parts of the business equation is: you have to spend money to make money. MHS is unlike other business in that we do not survive on sales. Regrettable, it still requires us to spend capital (money) into an inventory of items (like T-Shirts) in order to make some profit. Or that we have to print extra newsletters each month to give out to

7 prospective members. This demands that we try to keep a balance in our checkbook to carry us through the low times. The Board tries to keep the costs as low as possible, to make the most out of our society.

The Board tries to weight the need to make and have extra capital with the need to promote our goals. As they have been presented to MHS and we have the money, the Board will give small amounts of money to more direct conservation goals, both within the Society and outside.

It has been requested that the Treasurer's Report be published in the newsletter. A full report would take up a full page of the newsletter and would cost us about $15.00 per month added to the cost of printing the newsletter (that equals $180.00 per year). I am offering a compromise, I will print a very condensed version in with the Board Meeting information and if you have any further desire for more detailed information you can see me at the meeting or call me or come to a Board Meeting.

As I am doing this at midnight now, I wish to begin submitting the Treasurer's Report next month. I will explain a few things ahead of time about the report. First, the balance may look pleasing, but not more that six months ago MHS almost ran out of money. This is due to the lows and highs of cash flow. Second, we operate on a cash infcash out basis and some months can be over or under inflated due to receipt of bills and funds. Lastly, the budget for MHS is not reflected in the numbers, yet it has to playa part in the spending and amount we need to keep in our account.

I hope this answers a lot of the questions members have had about our need to make money. I would really love to hear your feed back on all of the issues discussed above.

Sincerely, I want a call from any member who has a concern, a question, a comment, or needs clarification on anything I brought up. I would gladly take the time to help someone better understand the operations of this organization.

8

MIfS Newsieller VO/lll11e XIV Number II

Thankyou Festival Volunteers!

Well, it's over and we had the most successful year ever at the Minnesota Renaissance Festival. Everyone seemed to have a wonderful time. 81 "extra" people (34 Como Docents, 37 Minnesota Herp Society members and 9 Minnesota Companion Bird Society members) and 10 "core" members volunteered their time over 15 days, with some of those working every weekend. Everyone on this list put in at least 4 hours per day at the fence doing hands-on. There were 91 people total who worked an equivalent of 485 days, at a minimum of 4 hours per day - that comes to 1860 hours of education in 15 days - and there were only 150 hours);f Festival!!! And some gluttons for punishment (you know who you are) maybe took 4 hours off per day!

We learned how to cook new things over an open fireplace (like turkey & cornbread) and had pot luck suppers that were unbelieveable. Some of us got away for a few hours to attend the wedding of two of our volunteers (in costume of course). The size of our troupe at parade was very impressive, and as a group we entered the Festival Fashion Show where it was emphasized that we provided all of our own costumes. We even had a visit from visiting "royalty", as Lady Willimina graced us with her presence for a few hours.

As you can see by the following list, those whose names are indented are children of our members, making it truly a family show. For our all around efforts, Como Cottage was awarded BEST PRESENTATION OF FESTIVAL this year, a very prestigious award.

Some of us got invol ved ~1ith other areas of Festival, too. Diane Alshouse, Chase Delles, Liz Bosman, Marla Wilbur all worked for John Karger, the Royal Falconers Show.

Gloria Anton joined one of the music groups. Fred Bosman and Bruce Delles helped out at the Fantasy Art booth and Bruce Delles did some time at Front Gate. Ted Meissner and Gidget Houle are also contracted by Festival and work as entertainers in the Royal Court and at Front Gate.

"The Core" consists of those people who worked on the Renaissance Committee all year around. This involves setting up the contracts, arranging for and picking up the barn animals, scheduling food, making costumes and doing the costume laundry every week, repairs and maintenance of the cottage, planting and maintaining the flowers and trees, picking up Zoo animals, etc. These people were also there 99.99% of every weekend during the run. Without them, there would be no Festival. This year's Core consisted of: Gloria Anton, Mike Backer, Fred Bosman, Liz Bosman, Bruce Delles, Nancy Hakomaki, Bill Moss, Michelle Stillinger, Marla Wilbur, and Doris Wohl.

I hope I've listed everyone. If I've missed you, a thousand pardons. If you missed us, you'll be looking forward to next year!

1994 HONOR ROLL Julie Allen - 8/21, 9/17, 18, 25 Brett Allen - 9/25 Diane Alshouse - 9/3, 11, Kris Anton - 9/5, 9/24 Cathy Bender - 9/18 Lynn Berg - 8/21 Barb Bester - 9/25 Briana Bester - 9/25 chad Bester - 9/25 Sue Blackburn - 9/10, 9/11 Dave & cathy Boron - 9/3 Lindsay Brice - 8/20, 27, 9/3, 4, 5, 17, 18, 24, 25 Judy Brumfield - 8/14, 21, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25 Sean Menke - 8/14, 21, 9/3, 4, 5, 11, 18, 25 Shannon Menke - 8/14, 21, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 24 Donna Calandar - 8/13, 14, 27, 28 Mary Crosson - 8/28 Erica Crosson - 8/28

9

iWHS Newsletter Volume XIV Number 11

Ronnie Crosson - 8/28 Rachael Danculovich - 9/11 Brandon Delles - 8/20, 21, 27, 28, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25 Chase Delles - 8/13, 14, 20, 21, 27, 28, 9/3, 4, 5, 10,11, 17, 18, 24, 25 Becky Dvorak - 8/20, 21 Karen Edler - 9/18 Allison Farnam - 9/18 George German - 9/24 Norm Good - 8/27, 28, 9/17 Chris Hall - 9/18 Sean Hewitt - 8/13, 14, 20, 21, 27, 28, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 17, 18, 24, 25 Cindy Houle - 9/18 Gidget Houle - 8/13, 14, 20, 21, 27, 28, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25 Paul Huot - 9/10, 11 Katie Huot - 9/10, 11 Ryan Huot - 9/10, 11 Ed Jackson - 9/17, 18, 24, 25 Glenn Jacobsen - 8/13, 14, 27, 28 Jeff Klatt - 9/17, 18, 24, 25 Greg Kvanbeck - 8/20, 28, 9/10 Merle & Jan Larson - 9/17 Beau Larson - 9/17 Derek Larson - 9/17 Dominique Larson - 9/17 Virginia Larson - 8/27, 28, 9/10, 11, 24, 25 Alex Larson - 8/27, 28, 9/10, 11, 24, 25 Jeff LeClere - 8/27, 28, 9/3, 4, 5, 24, 25 Sue Lockling - 8/21 Wiley Merritt - 8/13, 14, 9/3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24 Ted Meissner - 8/13, 14, 20, 21, 27, 28, 9/3,4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25 Dave Munson - 9/18, 25 Greg Nelson - 8/21, 21, 28 Rose Nelson - 8/20, 21 Greg Nelson Jr - 8/28 Shannon Nelson - 8/21, 28 Becky Nystrom - 9/4 Dallas Ost - 9/18, 25 Lynn Paiter - 9/17, 24, 25 Roxanne & Greg Patzman - 9/25 Mark & Lynelle Peterson - 8/20, 21, 28, 9/11, 25 Julie Prow - 9/11 Jenny Perry - 8/21, 9/17 Siri Rae - 9/24 Sarah & George Richards - 8/20, 21 Anna Roedler - 9/11 Nicki Skinner - 9/3 Karston & Cheryll Smelser - 9/24 Don Stacy - 9/11 Michelle Stephan - 8/27, 28, 9/5, 10, 17, 18,24, 25 Teresa Spitzenberger - 9/11 Bill Stone - 9/24, 25 Doug Tevik - 9/18 Toni Warner - 9/18 Sandy & Brad Wesley - 9/3, 4, 5, 17, 18, 24, 25 Gary Yazell - 9/18 I

10

,HHS Newsletter Vollfme XIV Number II

Pet Store Observations

by Jeff LeClere

This is a response to the article in the MRS newsletter (Vol. XIV No.8) submitted by Dan Bergquist and Greg Kvanbek. There are too many pet stores maintaining herps improperly. This results in people buying sick, diseased animals. The greatest reason for stopping this practice is obviously the welfare of the animal, but also to prevent future herpers from losing interest in these fascinating animals due to lack of success. Similarly, many people buying their first herp do not read up on it and mimic the pet store's set-ups and rely solely upon the advice of the store personnel. Thus, the animal sold by a store that does not know how to care for it continues a miserable existence by being kept by an owner keeping it the same way. Although many of these people who are genuinely interested in herpetoculture eventually 'wise up' and buy books BEFORE obtaining their herp of choice, why sacrifice countless numbers of herps to produce favorable results? We must start at the source-- the pet stores.

Recently, I walked into a pet store (with Dan Bergquist and Liz Bowlds) that was clearly of mammalian persuasion. As we looked at the snakes with mouth rot, we offered our opinion to a half-interested store owner who took us to the back of the store to show us a near dead Rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria alvarezi). The animal was extremely dry and needed to shed so desperately that the snake's normally smooth skin was rough and wrinkled. The owner explained that even though the young boa was eating frozen thawed mice; it was fed a live rodent which bit the snake on the mouth. This was evident by a large red sore on the bottom lip and nose rub which led to mouth rot. The snake could not open its mouth or flick its tongue because of infected, crusty tissue. We tried to inform the store owner on how to treat it, but the reply was, "We tried everything and the snake is not responding." I received the snake hoping to get it going. I humidified the cage and manually shed the snake out of its skin. The skin came off in one piece. At this point the snake looked much better and the scab came off the lower lip. The sores are being treated with a Fougera first aid antibiotic, the mouth was cleaned and treated. The snake is in good weight and is expected to make a full recovery.

I explained this to show that the treatment of this snake took little time and could have easily been done by the store owner (who should have knOl~n enough to keep the serpent on frozen thawed mice in the first place).

Some stores will readily accept advice from herpetoculturists; and those who act like they know better and refuse suggestions, may break down from frustration and eventually try your idea. This has happened more than once! I have kept in contact with a few pet stores and I am happy to answer questions because I know they care about the herps they carry. They will sell healthy herps and positively encourage their customers to learn more! As a society that is evolving into a highly herpetoculturistic group, it is our responsibility to educate the general public on the care of this interesting menagerie of creatures. Whether as a whole society (preferably), or as individuals we need to try. If you have any ideas or a few pet stores to contact, please contact: Greg Kvanbek Dan Bergquist

533 489

7723 8396

11

MHS Newsletter Volume XIV Number II

A Few Words on Lighting ...

(The following three articles are reprinted here from tile Colorado Herp Societies Colt! Blooded News, Vol. 11, # 9 September 1994, pp.4-7.

Reprillted/rom the Sail Joaquin Herpetological Society JOllrllfl/, Vol. 3, # 4, April 1994, pp 29-3/)

LET THERE BE LIGHT

by Mike Ready (from a West Coast price list) There has been much misleading information circulating concerning the benefits of using Chromalux brand incandescent lamps as a source of light and heat for reptiles. Much of this confusion is a result of a lack of understanding of the requirements of reptiles in captivity. The captive environment should emulate the natural environment as much as possible.

Following this premise assures us that captive animals experience as little stress as possible.

Stress often leads to physiological dysfunction. In the "wild" many reptiles, especially lizards and turtles, bask in the mid-day sun. The sunlight provides the heat required by the cold-blooded reptiles for efficient body metabolism. In captivity, improper lighting and thermal provisions can cause significance stress in reptiles. Standard incandescent bulbs emit light of a very unnatural spectrum, high in yellow. BRat Rocks" are a popular heat source, but because of malfunctions and design limitations, can prove in many cases ineffective and sometimes hazardous.

Chroma lux lamps provide reptiles with heat from a light source that simulates visible sunlight, reducing the stress of captivity and mmulllzmg physiological problems. Chromalux incandescent lamps were originalJy developed for humans who live in areas of minimal daylight hours. These people experience great stress. Humans have a need for sunlight too. This stress often leads to depression and other physiological dysfunction. As these lights have proved therapeutic for people, they are also therapeutic for captive animals, especially those that normally bask.

Sunlight also provides ultraviolet radiation, which the basking reptile uses to synthesis vitamin D3 in the skin. Vitamin D3 is a compound necessary for the regulation of calcium in the blood.

The range of ultraviolet light in the wavelength spectrum is divided into three sub groups: UV A (320-400nm), UVB (290320nm), and UVC (200-290nm). Only light in the UVB and UVC groups, specifically 260-315nm, is effective in vitamin D3 synthesis.

In captivity reptiles are often provided a "full spectrum" fluorescent lamp (e.g. Vitalite, Ultralume, etc.) to promote Vitamin D3 production. These lamps do emit some UV radiation; unfortunately, it is only of the UV A frequency range.

Therefore, these lamps are not effective for vitamin D3 production in the skin. These lamps do provide ambient lighting in the natural visible spectrum and this is an important part of

simulating a natural environment.

The only lamps that are effective for vitamin D3 production are UVB sun lamps. These are the type used in tanning beds. These lights are, of course, dangerous to use due to the hazards of prolonged exposure, and are impractical for the average reptile hobbyist. Therefore, reptiles in captivity should receive vitamin D3 via supplementation with quality calcium/vitamin powder.

Like all of the products we sell, Chromalux lamps were tested extensively in our facility before we decided to offer them to our customers. We noticed a marked increase in basking behavior and duration with almost all our sun loving herps.

"FLAT FACED" vs "CONICAL" SHAPED HEAT EMITTERS From a Cal Zoo price list

The_ following chart reflects research data, conducted under controlled conditions, comparing a 150 watt "flat-faced" emitter and a ISO watt "conical" shaped emitter. Data show that the conical design actually loses 42.06% of its total energy output to backward directed heat, as in comparison to the "flat-faced" design's 16.8% backward heat loss. Conical shaped bulbs simply have a larger surface area in the neck portion of the bulb and hence a higher backward heat loss.

Flat faced

Conical

Rear Radiant Heat loss (watts)

16.4

42.9

Rear Convection Heat Loss (watts)

8.8

20.14

16.8%

42.06%

83.2%

57.94%

Bulb Shape:

Total % Rear Heat Loss Total % of heat Projected Downward

(Eds. Note: The information on the price list has not been completely reproduced here. The remaining text was not pertinent to understanding the difference between these two heat emitter shapes.)

12

MHS Newsletter Volullle XIV Number II

For those with a slightly more technical interest in the Dj/Calciwn mystery ... from the Toledo Herpetological Society's newsletter.

VITAMIN D3 SYNTHESIS: A COMPARISON OF THE UVB OUTPUT OF COMMERCIAL LIGHTS AND SUNLIGHT

by James C. Ball, Ph.D., YorkSerpentarium, 1083 Jewell, Milan, MI48160

As an active participant of Herp Net, a computer bulletin board system focused on herpetology, I continue to see requests for information concerning the need to use full spectrum light in herptile husbandry. Of course, the idea behind these inquiries is the often cited need that VitaLites act to replace natural sunlight, especially when it comes to the synthesis of vitamin D3 in the epidermis of the skin of herptiles. The need for calcium and vitamin Dj in the husbandry of herbivorous lizards is well known.

One possible conclusion from this study is that the light output required for vitamin Dj synthesis is too low in VitaLites to be effective. Either lamps with stronger UV output or the supplementation of the diet ofherps is necessary to meet the dietary requirements for vitamin Dj. Before I present data on the UVB flux of lamps and sunlight a short review of vitamin Dj metabolism is required. A few caveats are necessary before we proceed.

First of all, what is known about the synthesis of vitamin Dj has been determined primarily from mammals and not herptiles. Very little is known about the synthesis of vitamin Dj or what the fmal metabolic product of vitamin Dj is in reptiles and amphibians. It seems reasonable to assume, however, that the basic biochemistry will not be too different and that we can apply what we know from mammalian biochemistry.

The biosynthesis of vitamin D3 begins with cholesterol, a chemical that is synthesized in mammals. Cholesterol is metabolized to form 7-dehydrocholesterol. The next step occurs in the skin and is a photochemical reaction that makes previtamin D3 by opening up a ring in 7-dehydrocholesterol, forming a conjugated doublebond system. It is crucial for herpetologists to know the wave length of light required for this reaction.

The next step in the synthesis of vitamin D3 involves the spontaneous rearrangement of pre-vitamin D3 to vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). This reaction occurs, apparently, without the

use of enzymes to facilitate the reaction. This is somewhat rare in biochemistry because typical chemical reactions are too slow to be useful and need an enzyme to catalyze the reaction. As with all chemical reactions, the speed of this reaction is temperature dependent. A general rule in chemistry is that the speed of a reaction will double with a 10'C (l8'F) change in temperature.

This means that this reaction will proceed twice as fast at 85'F than it would at a cool room temperature of 67'F. Finally, vitamin Dj must be further metabolized to Calcitriol (I ,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Calcitrol acts like a hormone in

the regulation of calcium metabolism. The hormonal character of vitamin Dj has important implications for herpetologists that supplement the diets of their animals with vitamin D3' Hormones are under strict control by the herptile and only a very small quantity of a hormone is required in order to have an effect on metabolism. Add to this the fact that vitamin D3 is fat soluble and can be stored in the liver of animals and the potential for giving a toxic dose of vitamin D3 is a real threat to the health of reptiles and amphibians.

From a practical and technical point of view we must ask ourselves the following question.

Should an attempt be made to supplement the diet of captive herptiles with vitamin D3, or should lights be used as the sole source of vitamin D3? The answer to this question is, unfortunately, unknown for many species of reptiles and amphibians. What's known is that some sort of supplementation is required. There are advantages and disadvantages to both methods.

Ifherptiles are supplemented with vitamin D3 in their diet then one needs to be concerned with how much is given to the animal and in what form. Vitamin Dj is fat soluble and toxic if fed at too high a concentration. In addition, vitamin D2, a plant derived vitamin, is not used by herptiles. If lights are used then one needs to know what type of light is the best to use for the photochemical synthesis of vitamin D3. The danger in using lights is that the animals may also be exposed to higher energy light that may lead to skin damage and skin cancer.

Before I begin a discussion of the use of lights in herptile husbandry a brief review of the physics of light is in order.

Basically, light can be thought of as a particle or packet of energy or like a wave. The wavelength of light is the distance between the peak of one wave and the peak of the next wave. The shorter the distance between peaks, that is, the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the light. In the case of 7dehydrocholesterol this molecule absorbs light using the shortest wavelengths (highest energy) available from sunlight; 290-295 nanometers (295 nanometers ~ 295 x 10(9 power) meters ~O.OOOO 12inches). Light is also discussed as a range of wavelengths, which has been done for the defmitions of UV A (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm) light.

13

MHS Newsletter Volume XIV Number II

Table l. UV-B Light' Output From Sunlight and Commercial Lampsb Distance Below the Center of the Lamp (in.)

lrradiance of Lamp/Sunlight in uW/cm'

Equator\ Noon, SEA 0.00

nla'

265

0.083 (5 min.)

Kodiakanal, India (10.14"N)', Sunny,April, SEA 0.0'

nla'

260

0.085

Miami, Florida (26"N)', Noon, June 21, Summer Solstice, SEA 2.3 0

nla'

253

0.087

Midlands, England (53"N)', Sunny, July 28, Peak Intensity, SEA 30'

nla'

178

0.12

Longyearbyen, Norway (78.2"N)', Sunny, July 15, SEA 54.8'

nla'

55

0.40

Fort Worth, Texas', Shaded, Diffuse, March 2, 3pm

nla'

IS

1.47

6

3.1

7.1

12

1.1

20.0

18

0.7

31.5

24

0.5

44.2

30

0.2

110

6

4.3

5.1

12

2.6

8.4

18

1.1

20.0

24

0.8

27.6

30

0.0

nla

6

160

0.14 (8.3 min.)

12

66

0.33 (20 min.)

18

37

0.60 (36 min.)

24

22

1.0

30

14

1.6

Sourccrfype of Lamp or Sunlight

Time (Hours) Required for 5 Minutes of Natura I UV路B light at Noon from the Equator

Sunlight, Location, Latitude, Solar Elevation Angle (SEA)

Duro-Test Vita路Lite; 24 watt, 24 inch

Sylvania F20Tl2/350 BL; 20 watt, 24 inch

Westinghouse FS20 Sunlamp', 20 watt, 24 inch

a b c d

e f

g h

UV-B light is defined to mean 290-315nm.

W.H. Gehrmann, Zoo Biology, 6: 117-127 (1987).

K. Henriksen, et. aI., Photodermalology, 6:110-117 (1989). nla -- not applicable Caculated from M.e. Shanma and B.N. Srivastava, Atmospheric Environment, 26A:731-734 (1992).

Calculated from I.E. Frederick and H.E. Snell, Science, 241:438-440 (1980).

A.R. Webb and M.D. Steven, Q.JR Meteorological Society, 113:393-400 (1987).

No longer manufactured; similar sunlamps are offered by National Biological Corp., Twinsburg, OH.

14

(LIGHT - Continuedfrom page 5)

Gehrmann (1987) has reported the output of a variety of lamps in terms of the above wavelength designations. For the purpose of photochemically producing vitamin D3 we are interested in the output of lamps producing UVB light and minimizing the content of uve light, which is a wavelength of light that will cause extensive damage to DNA. It is fortunate that there is very little, if any, output ofUVe light from any of the lamps tested by Gerhmann. Table I shows the measured intensity of some natural incidence of sunlight as a comparison. When one is considering the use of a lamp to mimic natural sunlight, the desired wavelength, the intensity of the light emitted at that wavelength, and the distance from the light to the animal need to be considered. In addition, any material between the light and the animal will also reduce the amount of light reaching the subject. Glass for instance, is quite a good filter of UVB light and should not be placed between the subject and the light. Even an aluminum screen will decrease the output by about 30%.

MHS Newsletter Volume XlV Number I I

continuously for a lizard who spends a large portion of the day basking in his terrarium the lizard might indeed suffer a serious sunburn. In such a case it might be better to use the sun lamp with a timer set for 10 minutes every hour during the reptile's photoperiod. An alternative would be to use a lower intensity lamp for the entire photoperiod. Table I also shows the amount of time required of sunlight or lamp exposure to mimic 5 minutes of natural sunlight at the equator at noon. The times required range from about 0.085 hour (5.1 minutes) for natural sunlight at a latitude of looN to greater than 110 hours for a VitaLite at a distance 0[30 inches from the subiect.

In summary, herpetologists can, through the utilization of commercially available lights and a timer, provide an environment that will enable the herptile to synthesis a supply of vitamin D3. Further research is needed to understand in greater detail exactly how much vitamin D3 is required by different herptiles for adequate nutrition.

Reference:

The most common type of lights used by herpetologists include VitaLites and black lights. Table I shows the output of UVB light for natural sunlight at a variety of latitudes, a Vitalite, a black light, and a sun lamp. As can be seen from this table, the output from these lamps varies considerably with the distance from the light. The only lamp that gives a similar, but not identical, intensity ofUVB sunlight is a Westinghouse FS20 20 watt sun lamp from about 30 inches. One must use some judgment when deciding which lamp to use. For example, a lizard in the wild might typically bask in sunlight until he gets too hot and then move to some shade. If a sun lamp is used

Gehrmann, William H. Ultravioletlrradiances of Various Lamps Used in Animal Husbandry. Zoo Biology, 6: 117-127 (1987).

(All reprinted from the San Joaquin Herpetological Society Journal, Vol. 3, No.4, April 1994, pp. 29-31)

You and your family are hereby invit~d to attend the Minnesota Herpetological Society 1994 Holiday Banquet on Saturday, December 3rd from 6:30 pm to 10:30 pm.

The special quest speaker will be Bill Lamar. The topic this year is Herpetological Eco Tourism in Latin America. Not only is he a highly knowledgeable speaker, as he has lived in Latin America for over 20 years. But still gives guided tours as well, and will be fresh back for our program. So come join in the fun with good food, good friends, and a great program.

Your presence is requested at Terrace Cafe at the St. Paul Student Center on the St. Paul Campus of the University of Minnesota. .

Please RSVP by November 23, 1994 to Minnesota Herpetological Society at Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0104.

+

+

MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1994 HOLIDAY BANQUET SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3,1994 TERRACE CAFE, ST. PAUL STUDENT CENTER ST. PAUL CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 6:30 PM TO 10:30 PM

.

SOCIAL HOUR: 6:30 - 7:30 POTLUCK DINNER: 7:30 .

SPEAKER: FOLLOWING DINNER

$5.00 PER PERSON (except children who can sit on parent's lap) MHS will be providing coffee, wine, beer, pop and water. Tableware will be provided.

People attending are asked to bring a food item and it's necessary serving utensils.

PLEASE MAKE RESERVATIONS BY NOVEMBER 23,1994.

DETACH FORM AND SEND WITH A CHECK PAYABLE TO MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT: Minnesota Herpetological Society Bell Museum of Natural History 10 Church Street SouthEast MinneapOiis, MN 55455:0104 ..

CONTACT MARILYN BROOKS IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS AT 925 - 4237.

NAME(S) ______________________________________ PHONE NUMBER - -________________________________ NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN - - - - - - - - - NUMBER OF FREE CHILDREN ________ (those who can sit on parenfs lap) TOTAL NUMBER ATTENDING - - - - - - - - TOTAL AMOUNT ENCLOSED $ ----------------FOOD YOU ARE BRINGING: (CIRCLE ONE PER FAMILY) APPETIZER

SALAD

VEGETABLE

BREAD

MAIN DISH

DESSERT

LET ME KNOW WHAT IS NEEDED

MHS Newslelfer VolulIIeXIV Number 11

15

Snakes of Minnesota

by Jeff LeClere

Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus nasicus)

Description This is a medium to large Minnesota snake that may be 24 to 46 inches long and has a very stout body. It is not considered venomous. Spotted specimens have a brown or yellow ground color with darker brown or black spots.

These alternate with smaller dark spots on the sides. The blotches may turn into rings on the tail. There may be ree or orange pigment in the skin between the scales, and this pigment may occasionally infringe upon the scales themselves. Some populations and older adults are a solid color that mayor may not have remnants of blotches. The ground color on solid individuals may be black, gray, or olive. Olive is the most common solid color phase in Minnesota. The labials are light colored on all the variations. Regardless of dorsal coloration or pattern, the belly i yellow, gray, or pinkish- sometimes with gray or greenish mottling. The underside of the tail is always lighter colored than the belly. Eastern Hognoses always have a dark longitudinal blotch behind each eye extending some dista,nce onto the neck. The rostral scale is enlarged, pointed, and keeled as in the Western Hognose, but it is not as upturned. The scales are keeled, and the anal plate is divided.

Subspecies There are no recognized subspecies of the Eastern Hognose snake.

Range Minnesota Eastern Hognose snakes seem to follow the Mississippi and SI. Croix rivers, as this is the source of most of the records to date. Cass and Hubbard are the northern路most counties in which these snakes are found in Minnesota.

Habitat Eastern Hognose snakes are not as choosy about their habitats as their western cousins. Heavily wooded areas, prairies, and grasslands are common habitats. Like Western Hognose snakes, however, these snakes prefer sandy c loamy soil in which to burrow. Eastern Hognose snakes are found in damper situations as they feed heavily upon amphibians. They are also found under flippable cover (as that afforded by rocky hillsides or logs) more often than Western Hognoses.

16

lHHS Nell'sletter Volume XIV Number II

Habits Heterodon platyrhinos will fan its head and neck much like a cobra when alarmed. Loud and prolonged hissing is accompanied by short jabs with the head as often away from the attacker as toward it. The snake will not open its mouth to bite, and Hognose snake bites originating from anger or defense are rare. If the attacker continues to press upon the Hognose, it will open its mouth, writhe as if in pain and finally roll onto its back with its' mouth open and tongue hanging out. It cannot be induced to move. Because the snake keeps it's mouth open during the entire 'death scene,' lining at the back of the mouth closes off the opening to the esophagus to prevent the swallowing of dirt.

This is also aided by an increase in saliva, which may run out of the mouth (readily seen when the snake is picked up), taking much of the dirt with it. If it is righted, it immediately rolls onto its' back again. Not until the snake feels safe will it right itself and continue on with its normal activities. Eastern Hognose snakes are more elaborate with their act than the Western Hognoses, and even though they will perform the act in captivity for a longer period of time, they soon quit 'acting' in captivity.

Eastern Hognose snakes are diurnal and actively hunt for food. They may be observed basking in early morning and again at dusk. They are one of the few snakes that digs its' own burrows although they do not live in them for prolonged periods of time. Logs, rocks, boards, and other cover are used-especially just before shedding. These snakes breed in the spring. They are oviparous and lay 10 - 30 eggs in a sandy area. The eggs hatch in about two months and the young are 5 - 12 inches at hatching. They are much brighter colored than the adults. H. platyrhinos hibernate from October to late April in mammal or self constructed burrows.

Food Eastern Hognose snakes consume amphibians, mainly toads, and use their snout to dig them up as toads spend much time in self made burrows. They also consume small mammals, birds, birds' eggs (ground nesters), insects, lizards, snakes, reptile eggs, and carrion. They are immune to the toxic secretions that toads produce via the partoid glands.

Hognose snakes are opisthoglyphous (having fangs at the back of the mouth) and they use this feature to 'deflate' toads which may puff themselves up with air to unswallowable proportions. I mentioned earlier these snakes were non-venomous, but there is some evidence that they may be mildly venomous (see "Snakes of Minnesota" MHS newsletter Vol. XIV No. 10). Although there have been many cases of Heterodon envenomation, its toxicity is controversial. McAlister took extract from the salivary glands of H. platyrhinos and injected white mice, spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), Fowler's toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri), and chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata) in the thighs. The mice were unaffected. Fifteen of the seventeen amphibians died within two days.

Subcutaneous hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation led him to conclude that the 'venom' is hemotoxic. Other authors have concurred that this genera of snakes is venomous others discount it. Anderson tried several times to induce a H. platyrhinos to envenomate him. He even made an extract and administered it to himself. It produced nothing more than slight burning. More studies must be done to give a more concrete answer. Even so, it may be concluded that individual sensitivity plays the most important role in producing a malevolent affect. Bacteria can not be discounted in these cases. With as many people that have had toxic symptoms from Hognose snakes, there are many who have not. I have had a H. nasicus chew and embed one fang into my thumb without producing any ill effects, but I have a friend that did get a reaction from one. I have also experienced some of the swelling and itching described for some of the Heterodon accounts, to a lesser degree, from a Yellow Rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata). A study conducted on a greater number of humans and different species of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals may provide better answers.

MHS Newsletter Volume XIV Number I I

17

Care Eastern Hognose snakes are more difficult to keep than the Westerns. Ten to fifteen gallon tanks or a 24 x 18 x 1~ wooden cage is suitable for adutts. Newspaper or indoor/outdoor carpeting is acceptable, but due to their burrowin nature they will spend hours ripping up the paper or carpeting looking to penetrate a mammal burrow. With their tough, bony rostral scale, they are extremely resistant to nose rub but it is better not to take chances. The snakes are also uncomfortable if they display this behavior frequently and for long periods so something must be changed.

Aspen shavings, soil, or an intermediate size of gravel or sand may be used. A heavy untippable water dish is a mU! because these snakes will push it around or tip it over as they burrow under it. Ventral heat is good but a light kel on for 10 to 12 hours a day may be better. The temperature should be about 75 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit during th day and can drop into the upper 60's at night. If you keep a warm herp room, supplemental heat may not be necessary.

Feeding can be a problem as these snakes may refuse everything except toads in captivity. You can scent mice with toads with some success. Some will take unscented mice in time but there are some that will never switch over. It is best, however, to make every effort to switch them over to mice to reduce the number of feedings per week and t reduce parasitism. Many wild-caught Hognoses will stop feeding in the fall and winter no matter how warm you keep them. Such snakes should either be released in the same place they were caught or hibernated. spring, introduce the pair. Separate the snakes after you notice the female is gravid. Always provide a nest box 2 ( 3 weeks after this time. Check the box and cage frequently so the eggs do not dry up or get eaten by the female Hognose. The female may continue to eat through the gestation period, so do not use lack of appetite as a keyl But if she does refuse food, chances are she is gravid. Once you find eggs move them to an incubator with high humidity. ' another month or two the young should hatch. Try feeding the young pinky mice as they might take them right away Most will not, however, so try scenting them. If at all possible, try not to ever introduce any amphibians unless you have the means to supply them on a regular basis and get your babies dewormed when necessary. ~ales becom mature after their first year and females become mature in almost 2 years. If you have success breeding Eastern Hognose snakes, write down notes. These are not produced at all (it seems) compared to the Western Hognose snak!

References: Beh~r, John L. and F, Wayne King,

Breckenridge, W. J. 1944.

Repu~s

Conant, Roger and Joseph T, Collins.

1979.

and Amphibians of Minnesota.

1991.

Hornfeldt, CartS. and Dan~1 E. Keyler.

Le

C~re,

The Audubon Society F~ld Gu~e to the Reptoos and Amphib~ns of North America.

A F~1d Guide to the Repu~s and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America,

1987. MHS Occasional Papers, Vol. 1,No,3,

J, 1989. Hognose snakes,

Oldlie~, B. L. and J. J. Moriarty. 1994. Amphibians and Repnles Nabve to Minnesota.

ROSSi, John V. 1992. Snakes of the United States and Canada, Trutnau, Ludwig, t979. Nonvenomous Snakes.

Vogt, Richard Cart. 1981. Natural History of the Amphibians and Reptl'es of Wisconsin,

18

AIHS Newslefler Vallllne XIV Number II

Western Ghats Update [Editors note: The following is an update sent to liS regarding a conservation project that the MHS generously donated to. The FRA WG people have been great, sending liS copies of corrcspondence, proposals, resumes of potential employees, etc. They really keep in tOllch! [felt it imp0l1ant that all members get a chance to learn more about the projects their Society is involved in. Remember, we are non-profit & one of our purposes is to promote the study and conservation of reptiles and amphibians (see inside front cover).]

Dear Marilyn, We are delighted to report that a scientist has finally been identified to undertake the major FRAWG field conservation project focussing on preserving a specific site or species and that the project is now well underway (project proposal and correspondence enclosed). Dr. Sanil George, with the assistance of four herpetologists and wildlife biologists from area colleges, is conducting a survey of the amphibians present at the proposed site of the Pooyamkutty hydroelectric power project in the state of Kerala (see map). The site consists of 30 square kilometers of tropical rain forest that will be completely denuded if the dam becomes a reality.

Earlier teams of experts have found the site rich for plants, mammals, and birds, but no studies have been conducted of the amphibians and reptiles of the area. The study may provide additional support to efforts to halt construction of the hydroelectric project and preserve an important rain forest.

Dr. Sanil George will also be exploring the possibility of breeding selected species in captivity.

In future years, Dr. Sanil George hopes to survey much more widely in the state of Kerala, which is the richest area in the Western Ghats for amphibian endemics with close to 50 species having a range restricted to the state. Current knowledge of amphibian distribution patterns in Kerala is very limited, making it difficult to pinpoint which sites are crucial for the survival of species with limited ranges and of greatest conservation importance.

FRAWG was successful in reaching it's first year's goal of raising $1000 to support assorted projects in support of the conservation of the endemic amphibians of India's Western Ghats region.

In addition to the $500 earmarked for Dr. Sanil George's project, this included $200 to Dr. Sushil Dutta, co-chair of the Indian Sub-continent Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group (ISRAG), to help defray ISRAG office expenses and the printing of a bulletin by that organization; and $200 to Zoo Outreach Organisation/C.B.S.G., India to help cover the costs of their herp conservation work (including the publication and distribution of the proceedings of the first international conference of ISRAG) and the costs of doing the ground work in India to ensure that funds were directed towards qualified parties.

We also had hoped to provide $100 for a research scholarship on Western Ghats amphibians to an Indian M.Sc. student. Although a

19

MHS Newsleller Volume XIV Number I I

student was selected, due to unfortunate circumstances involving the college's handling of the project, and without the expenditure of any funds, the research scholarship had to be abandoned for this year. We hope to try again next year with Dr. Dutta possibly selecting the student and college involved.

In July, the three of us were able to meet with the two senior members (Sally Walker and Sanjay Molur) of Zoo Outreach .

Organisation/C.B.S.G., India as they were in Minnesota for an unrelated meeting. We were able to discuss how things have gone to date and possible future directions FRAWG might take if we choose to increase our fund raising efforts beyond the current $1000/year. Suggestions included adding one or two more field projects in other states within the Western Ghats and a conservation education initiative to help inform the Indian public about what currently is being lost. We were all very encouraged at the potential FRAWG has to catalyze efforts to conserve the Western Ghats' threatened herps.

Fred also met Dr. Ravi Chellam of the Wildlife Institute of India who was attending the same meeting as Sally and Sanjay. Dr. Chellam is supervising a study that includes examining the effects of habitat fragmentation on endemic amphibians at two Western Ghats locations in the state of Tamil Nadu (see enclosed article from Froglog).

His study is fortunately well funded and the results will obviously be of great interest in establishing strategies for protecting herps throughout the region.

We would like to thank all of our organizational contributors.

The Columbus Zoo Animal Health, Management, and Scientific Studies Committee; the Minnesota Herpetological Society; the Michigan Society of Herpetologists; and ZOOVAP (Minnesota Zoo Volunteers) all contributed to the 1993/1994 fiscal year and the Toronto Zoo American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK) chapter has already signed on for the 1995 year.

Since we now have only 10 (out of 100) FRAWG t-shirts left, we also anticipate having a fundraiser with the help of the Minnesota AAZK chapter this coming year. We also would like to acknowledge the critical role that Bob Johnson of the Toronto Zoo has played in getting FRAWG up and running, from the initial arm twisting to get us to tackle the project to his major help in steering contributors our way.

We don't plan to ask for additional grants from our 1993/1994 contributors until we have our final report from Dr. Sanil George so that we can all evaluate how well the project is achieving our hopes for it. We also anticipate providing a talk and slide presentation to each of our contributing organizations during the coming year after we acquire slides from Dr. Sanil George.

Thanks again for the confidence and support you've shown for a fledgling project.

Sincerely,

1J Fred Swengel

,ÂŁ]c.eL; Becky'Heller

Jim Gerholdt

20

,HHS News/etle,. Volume XIV Number II

Map of the State of Kerala, India Located on the West Coast

N

1

J'

MHS Newsletter VolullleXIV Number I J

21

Research Proposal Title: Survey of Amphibians of Kerala - Survey at the Proposed Pooyamkutty Hydro Electric Power Project Site Kerala.

1.

Background of the proposed research project

The richest expression in diversity and abundance of the Indian amphibia is met with in Kerala as evidenced by the recent report ofInger and Dutta (1986). The topography ofKerala, which is highly undulating starts from the tall hill slopes covered with thick forests on the east along the mountains, down to the valleys and small hills to the flat lands in the west. The southwest monsoon from June to September and the northeast monsoon from October to December are usually very heavy and about 75% of the mmual rainfall is received during this season. Owing to this high rainfall and humidity, one should expect a rich amphibian fauna in Kerala.

The amphibian fauna ofIndia comprises 206 species (Sekar 1992) of which 86 species are found in Kerala. There might be evety possibility to find a few more species of mnphibians especially in the deep forests which have not been explored yet. Due to inadequate collection and study, our knowledge on the ecology and natural history of most of the known species is limited.

The faunal list of Kerala includes 9 bufonids, 9 microhylids, 36 ranids, 2microhylids, 18 ranids, 13 rhacophorids and 9 caecilians are found only in Kerala (Andrews and Sanil 1994).

Most of them are rare and some species are known only from their type locality. It would indeed be anyone's guess at the moment if all the 86 species are still extant today. We are also unsure if in fact all the species ofIndian amphibians have been discovered and recorded. Large scale urbanization of resultant habitat destruction of this century would naturally have wiped out many breeding sites and we have no idea how many species may have become extinct/rare and endangered in this process.

2.

Study areas

The present project will be located at the proposed Pooyamkutty Hydro-electric Power Project site - a part of the Western Ghats. Pooyamkutty Reserve Forest is a tropical rain forest situated in Devikolam Taluk ofIdukki district, Kerala and will be completely denuded if the proposed Pooyamkutty Hydro-electric Power Project becomes a reality. This site has an area of 3000 ha on either side of the Pooyamkutty River. The biodiversity of this region was studied recently by a team of expe11s from Kerala Forest Research Institute and reported that there are about 174 species of medicinal plants and 340 species for other flowering plants. Among them, 65 species are endemic. Likewise, a large population of mammals like Asian elephant, sambaI' deer, Nilgiri tahr, bison etc., and 293 species of birds. They have not studies other groups.

22

lHH,)' Newsletter Vo!wl1e XIV Number 11

Western Ghats Proposal continued ...

3.

4.

5.

Objectives

a)

To study the distribution and ecology of amphibians present in Pooyamkutty project site, Kerala.

b)

Exploring the possibility of conducting captive breeding experiments on selected species collected (if possible).

Methodology

I)

The survey team consisting of 4 - 8 men including local people having thorough knowledge of the area.

2)

Survey will be carried out through the following procedures. a)

Examination and removal oflitter from buttress - enclosed areas at the bases of large trees.

b)

Search of forest floor quadrates.

c)

Collection along streams and through patches of forest during daylight and early night hours.

d)

Rocks, dead leaves, logs and barks should be examined carefully.

e)

Shrubs and herbs are also to be examined for tree frogs.

Duration

Duration of the present project is limited to the breeding months i.e. June to September, 1994 so that the collection can be carried out with ease.

6.

Utility ofthe project

Even though an abundant variety of amphibians are present in Kerala, there has not been any specific attempt for the conservation of the fauna. Knowledge of their specific habitats and breeding sites is essential to develop their conservation program. Amphibians inhabit practically every possible ecological niche but they arc at the same time sensitive to disturbances in their habitats. Nonetheless, we have little data on the extent of damage to and decline of amphibian popnlation in Kerala. The results obtained li'om the proposed project will be helpful in this context.

23

MHS Newsleller Volume XIV Number 11 Western Ghats Proposal continued ...

7.

References Andrews, M.l. & Sanil G. 1994. An Overview of the Amphibian Fauna of Kerala.

Herpeton (in press).

Inger, R.F. & Dutta, S.K. 1986. An Overview of the Amphibian Fauna ofIndia.

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 83 (Suppl):135-146.

Sekar, A.G. 1992. Habitat and Breeding Sites of Amphibians of Western India. Zoos Print VII, Sp. Issue, Proceeding of the ISRAG: 18 (Abstract).

8.

Budget

a) b) c) d) e) t)

Collection equipment, chemicals & stationary.

Traveling, accommodations etc.

Assistance Photography charges Preparation of report & literature Miscellaneous TOTAL

2,500.00 6,000.00 3,000.00 2,500.00 500.00 500.00 15,000.00

1¥~1t,~i~*1n1a***~Q'R~***1r1o

* 1t J¥~ 0"'-6

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MHS HOLIDA Y'BANQU£T 02Jatllrdap C0Jecember 3rd, 133lf rzJ)niversilp if'c:Jv(iimes(}tcr 02J!udent f?enter C!K'&rth rcerrcrce 02111 pnill nttemfees will receive n I'IIffle ticket for n

* *~r 1nia

* 11t~

specinl IJofilln!! I'IIffle of no origilJnl/ olle-of-n-kioll fl'llmell O'''I0~:O .%01. i1 IIl'IIwiog of n cnime" btl nrtist/ -Sid ;(,en. d a 9ti?

:;.;~(}~::c 4fi.~,

24

A'fI-IS Nell's/etter Volume XIV Number II

IT'S HERE! The only guide to amphibians and reptiles of the Upper Midwest - includes maps and identification aids.

This is the book we've been waiting for! MHS members Barney Oldfield, a veterinarian, and John J. Moriarty, wildlife specialist for Hennepin Parks, have combined 25 years of experience a'1d study to produce this fabulous book.

256 pages, 7 3/8 x 10 112 inches 116 color photographs, 49 maps cloth/jacket, $25.95

How do I get a copy? you might ask. MHS will have books for sale at the meeting at a REDUCED cost to MEMBER ONLY! Price is $22.00, $4 off retail. If you can't make the meeting we can ship you a copy for $22 + $2 shipping & handling. Copies sent in the mail will be signed. Non members may purchase the book for $25.95 (+ $2 S & H). IN ADDITION... MHS will be donating $1 of every book sold to the MHS Conservation Fnnd. This fund will be used to help a reptile and/or amphibian based conservation fund.

Remember, ALL proceed from the sales ofMHS merchandise go towards the operation of the society, donations, etc. MRS is NON PROFIT.

25

MHS Newsleller Volume XIV Number II

Herp Photo Contest!

Now is the time to start taking pictures! If you have already taken a few, then start sorting through them lool{ing for that perfect photo. This contest is scheduled to take place in the month of February at the White Snake Sale. Prizes for 1st place in each category and "People's Choice" will be awarded.

Here are the rules: 1. Prints may be entered by any current MHS member.

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, )~ ~

l~

~

2. A contestant may enter up to 5 prints.

3. All entries must be turned in at or before the January meeting or postmarked by December 31, 1994.

4. Entries will be returned if accompanied by a self addressed stamped envelope.

Entries may also be picked up at the February meeting.

5. Prints may be 4"x 6", 5"x 7", or 8"x 10". They should be mounted on cardboard or matboard that is at least 8"x 10", but no larger thcn 11"x 14". Framed prints are discouraged.

6. The entrants name, address and category needs to be on the BACK of every print mat. DO NOT place names on the front of mats.

The 3 Categories are:

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~l ~

~

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~ :: ~::>~ ;;~;:~:~p~~~, .,t~.1 "tt'.,

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3. Color Prints: Herps with people

ALL ENTRIES ARE ELIGIBLE FOR THE PEOPLES CHOICE AWARD! This category is voted on by the membership at the February meeting.

PRIZES INCLUDE: $25 worth of enlargements at Great Prints ) $25 gift certificate at National Camera Exchange

~**NOTICE** National Camera Exchange has offered to memhers ofMHS who

,

~

~( ~

~( ,

~are entering the photo contest, a 20% discount on enlargements or picture devel- ~( ~oping at the National Camera Exchange located in DINKYTOWN (1327 SE 4th ~ , ;St). Please say you are entering the MHS Photo Contest in order to get discount. ;( ~Offel路 is good through December 31, 1994. __ ~

&.v........v~y.6.V,A~y.......~r'!~路'v..=..v_.=._y-=.,v..=..v拢V,AV~~

I

26

AlliS Newsletter Volume XIV Number 11

Classified Ads 1.0.0 = male, 0.1.0 - female, 0.0.1

=

unknown, ad rates on inside back cover of newsletter

For Sale 30" American alligator, 3 Ft water monitor, 3-4 ft nile monitor, all long term captives (2+ yrs), healthy. Also feeder rabbits, frozen only, $1.00 lb. Call Dan (612) 489-8396.

African spurred tortoises (sulcatta) large variety, call (612)822-7996.

1994 hatchlings, avail now! Western hognose, feeding on pinks, going fast, $30; exceptional Pueblan milksnakes, $50-75; ghost and creamsickle corns, $30; amelanistic and anerythristic corns, $20; Hintermontana" Emoryi, $75; mex.mex., exceptionally bright, $50; Mexican black kingsnakes, most pure black, $35; graybanded kingsnakes, light, bright, Blairs, $75-100; leopard geckos, $20; surplus adult snakes avail. Quantity discounts avail. All calls returned. Joel (814)724-8351.

Aug '94 hatchlings all feeding on frozen mice: Cornsred albino, normal & Okatee; white oak phase grey rats, 3.4 Carpet pythons, handpicked '93 breeders expo, unmex. black kingsnakes. 0.1 mex black king, 5 yrs. Call related, $175-200. Pager 643-8778, hm 774-6786.

Connie or John Levell for prices (612)374-5422.

Baby Burmese pythons, captive born, $50 each. Contact Jay Whitesel at (507)367-2470.

Captive bred children's pythons, $125; Brazilian rainbow boas, $250; Columbian rainbow boas, $85; Hogg Island boas, $350. Due May/June, can deliver to Twin Cities. Contact Mark Wendling (319)857-4787.

713

Wanted

1"'<0-----路.,..

Large ornate cage, a real piece of furniture for any decor. $200/BO. Call Perry at (612)450-5595.

Day geckos-Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis C.B. '94, $50 ea; banded caimen, 3 ft., $150. Call Craig at (612)934-7239.

1.0 Central American boa, 5 ft, $100; 1.I Cal king, 34.5', $175 pr; 1.I Eastern kings, 4', $145 pr; 1.I Florida kings, 4-4.5', $145 pr; l.l prairie kings, CB 94, $50 pr; 1.I speckled kings, 2-4', $125 pr; 5 scarlet kings, CB 94, $15 ea; I green iguana, 5', $100; 5 plumed basilisks, CB 94, $60 ea; 0.1 redfoot tortoise, 13", long term captive, $175. Call (612)388-2872.

1.I snow corns, young adults, $50 ea $90 pr; 1.0 amelanistic corn, beautiful adult, $35; 1.0 normal corn, big adult, $25. Call Becky evenings (612)699-8031.

Help wanted! (I) Register/sales-evenings & weekends; (2) Animal Maintenance TeChnician-daytime M-F; (3) Office computer entry-afternoons or evenings. Vivarium Pets/Twin Citites Reptiles - 861-8868.

All the shed snake skins in the world, always, to use at hands-on programs to give to kids. Bob Duerr 5410362.

Misc.

Snake skins tanned. Call Jane for more info at 7247437.

BOA SURVEY: Please write for my questionnaire on boa constrictor reproduction. Even if your animals have not reproduced, please respond if they are at least 4 years old and have had the 0ppOliunity. In return for a completed survey you will receive a chart showing the subspecies, their scale counts and range. William Joy, P.O. Box 300703, Arlington, TX 76007, USA. INTERNET: 7223.220@COMPUSERVE.COM

27

MHS Newsletter VoluIlleXIV Number 11

Classified Ads Continued...

MRS Merchandise RAT & MICE SALES Mice:

Rats:

Pinkies - $6.00 doz.

Fuzzies- $6.00 doz.

Adults - $9.00 doz.

Pups - $10.00 doz.

Adults - $12.00 six $24.00 doz.

ERIC TRISS (612) 470-5008 FAX (612) 470-5013

464 second Street. Excelsior, MN 55331

Orders taken by Terry Scheiber only. Must be at

least one week in advance of general meeting where they will be delivered. Tel: (612)440-7482.

MISC. MHS also offers an assortment of other herp related items for sale at the general meetings including: books magazines posters notecards t-shirts

Featuring .. .lAMS ...Natural Life ... Science Diet Tetra ... Toppers ... Other Spccialty Foods

buttons

stickers bumper stickers patches

Look for sales of merchandise at the far right hand side of the meeting room. Transactions can be handled before the meeting, during the break and after the meeting ends if time allows. All proceeds

from the sale of MRS merchandise goes towards the costs of running the society such as: Speaker fees, library books, charitable donations, etc. MRS is a nonprofit organization and is volunteer run.

VIVARIUM PETS A Full Line of Pet Supplies & Unusual Pets 6519 Nicollet Ave. S. Richfield, MN 55423

Gloria Anton 612-861-8868

Largest Selection or Reptiles & Amphibians in Minnesota Cages, Books, Feed & Supplies

l'vl-F 10-8, Sat 10-6, Sun 12-5 6S 19 Nicollet Ave. So. (612)861-8868 Richfield, l'vlN 55423

28

j\1/1S Nell'S/efler Volume x/v Number 11

WE STILL HAVE A FEW SELECT HATCHLINGS FROM OUR 1994 BREEDING SEASON! GET 'EM WHILE THEY LAST!

JOHN & RUTH MELTZER (612) 263-7880

SECORD'S EXOTIC ANIMAL HOUSE BILLY SECORD - (612)920-1987 LARGEST PRODUCER OR SMALL EXOTIC MAMMALS IN MINNESOTA! HEDGEIIOGS, DUPRASIS, ZEBRA MICE, PYGMY l\'lICE, GIANT AFRICAN POlK'( [EO RATS, JIRDS, MOlJSI~ LE"IURS, BRlJSII-TAILED KANGAROOS, AND !'v!UCI L i\lUCIi i\路lORE! - \J.S.D.A LICENSED

BREEDING INVENTORY SURVEY: Everyone keeping live reptiles and amphibians is asked to contribute to this annual report Please submit the following information current January 1st of each year, (1) inventory or your collection, list numbers and sex, (2) list all species bred during the previous year, (3) any longevity records, (4) please print clearly, your name, address, and telephone number as you want them listed, (5) please do respond. Send all information to: Frank Slavens, P,O, Box 30744, Seattle, WA 98103. Fax: 206-546-2912.

TIMBER RATTLESNAKE - LIMITED EDITION PRINT

BY DAN KEYLER This print is from an original pen & ink drawing and is limited to an edition of 141 signed and numbered prints. Each print will cost $15 and can be personalized upon request MHS members interested in purchasing a print should contact the artist at ivlI-lS meetings or by calling (612)347-8760 (W) or (612)9~~-2055 (H).

Proceeds will be used to recover printing costs and furthcr Timber Rattlesnake research in Minnesota. So place your order soon -I they won't last long!

I

I

I'

l~,,--_~~~~.............................

-- .......

---....................dJ

CLASSIFIED AD INSTRUCTIONS: Ads are run as a free service to paid members.

MRS takes NO responsibility for legality or health of animal advertised here. Ads may be run for three consecutive months at which time ads may be re-submitted. The editor reserves the right to omit ads when space is limited so as to allow all members a chance to advertise. Size of ad is limited to four (4) typed lines or one (1) standard size business card. DEADLINE for all newsletter items is one week before the general meeting.

NON MEMBER & EXPANDED SIZE ADS: Line ads:$.l0 per word.

Business Cards: $5.00 per month.

One month only Three or more months Quarter page ads: $10.00 per month $7.50 per month Half page ads: $20.00 per month $15.00 per month Full page ads: $40.00 per month $25.00 per month

Six or more months $5.00 per month $10.00 per month $15.00 per month

Send all newsletter items to: Minnesota Herpetological Society Newsletter Editor, 234 West George Street, SI. Paul, MN 55107.

MEMBERSHIP AND T -SHIRT ORDER FORM MINNESOT A HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY NAME(S) __

~

____________________________________________________________

ADDRESS ___________________________________________________________________ CITY ____________________________ PHONE _____________________________

STATE ________

ZIP CODE

LIST IN MHS DIRECTORY?

YES

NO ____

HERPRELATEDINTERESTS: _________________________________________________________

TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP? MEMBERSHIP LEVEL?

NEW ____ RENEWAL ____ -----SUSTAINING ..... S60.00

---INSTITUTION .... S25.00

____CONTRIBUTING ..... S30.00

____BASIC .... S1S.OO

Are you currently ( or will be) a University of Minnesota student'! _ _(cheCk if yes) HOW DID YOU HEAR OF MHS? _______________________________________________________

T-Shirts Circle Choice

Two Designs

($17.00 includes postage)

North American Turtles Iguana (Head Shot)

Indicate how many of each size

ADULTS:

SMALL

MEDIUM

LARGE_

X-LARGE_

Please enclose payment. MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: Minnesota Herpetological Society. Membership is for 12 months from date of joining. A receipt \vill be sent only on request. Allow 6-X weeks for processing. ivtAIL TO: Minnesota Herpetological

Society, Bell Museum Of Natural History, 10 Church Street Sooth East. Minneapolis. tvrN 55455路0104

Non-Profit Rate

U. S. Postage

MINNESOTA

PAID Mpls.MN Permit No. 2275

HERPETOLOG ICAL SOCIETY BELL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 10 CHURCH STREET S. E. MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455路0104

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

+

+

+

+ DELIVER BY NOVEMBER 28, 1994