Vol. 15 (1995), No. 6

NEWSLETfER OF THE

MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The Upper Mississippi River Valley Crotalus horridus Conservation Print Attwork by: Dr. Dan Keyler

JUNE 1995

VOLUME XV

BELL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

10 CHURCH STREET SOUTH EAST

NUMBER 6 MINNEAPOLIS. MN 55455路0104

Do you ever have a question about one of your herps and wonder who might be able to provide an answer? tvlost people who keep pets of any kind have been is this situation at one time or another. A group of MHS members has volunteered to provide assistance. Listed below are the people and their specialties. Please be reasonable about the time of day and how frequently you call.

Large pythons and constrictors Glen (Jake) Jacobsen 757-8268 Karl Hermann 730-6265

~

Other Snakes John Meltzer 263-7880 John or Connie Levell 374-5422 Jeff LeClere 488-6388

Terrestrial turtles and tortoises John Moriarty 647-1334 Ann Porwoll 489-7853 Glen (Jake) Jacobsen 757-8268 Aquatic Turtles Gary Ash John Levell

753-0218 374-5422 647-1334 533-7723 488-6388

Amphibians John Meltzer Greg Kvanbek

263-7880 533-7723

Lizards Nancy Haig Bill Moss

Minnesota Herps John Moriary Greg Kvanbek Jeff LeClere

434-8684 488-1383

Crocodilians Jeff Lang

Education Contact DavLydon

550-9855

Adoption Contact Glen (Jake) Jacobsen

(701) 772-0227

757-8268

The purpose of the Minnesota Herpetological Society is: to further the education of the membership and the general public in care and captive propagation of reptiles and amphibians; to educate the membership and the general public in the ecological role of reptiles and amphibians; and to promote the study and conservation of reptiles and amphibians.

MHS VOICE MAIL PHONE NUMBER: 624 - 7065 MHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY RECORDING SECRETARY TREASURER NEWSLETTER EDITOR MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE MEMBER-AT-LARGE

(612) 488-1383 (612) 533-7723 (612) 623-7620 (612) 925-4237 (612) 925-4237 (612) 374-5422 (612) 753-0218 (612) 624-7065 (612) 624-7065 (612) 457-8107 (612) 457-4636

Bill Moss Greg K vanbek George Richard Randy Blasus Marilyn Brooks John Levell Gaty Ash Dan Bergquist Liz Bowlds James Rea Siri Rea SNAKEBITE EMERGENCY

HENNEPIN REGIONAL POISON CENTER

(612) 347-3141

MINNESOTA POISON CONTROL SYSTEM LOCAL OUT OF STATE

(612) 221-2113 (800) 222-1222

Copyright Minnesota Herpetological Society. The contents of this newsletter may be reproduced for inclusion in the newsletters of other herpetological societies provided that the material is reproduced without change and proper credits are given to the t-,'lHS Newsletter, citing, volume, number, and date.

MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Newsletter Volume XV Number 6 June 1995

CONTENTS Editorial.................................................................................................

Upcoming Meeting Highlights by Greg Kvanbeck.........................................

News and Notes.......................................................................................

Meeting Review by Randy Blasus...............................................................

Recollections of the Rattle Snake by William Bartram....................................

Historical Comments on the Timber Rattlesnake by John P. Levell..................

Minnesota Amphibian and Reptile Symposium by Randy Blasus......................

Letters to the Editor..................................................................................

Calendar of Events....................................................................................

MHS Business.........................................................................................

Classified Advertisements...........................................................................

I 2 3 5 6 8 9 12

13 14 15

Regarding Ads and Announcements!

Since assuming the job of editing the MRS Newsletter I've received several questions concerning complimentary advertisements (i.e. business cards, etc.), particularly regarding instances when ads have been omitted for whatever reason. While everyone can rest assured that these omissions are not malicious in nature on the part of this editor, the fact remains that complimentaIY ads can only be published as space permits. In instances where more complimentary ads are received than can be printed, as has been the case recently, every effort will be made to include each on a rotating basis. Please note that if you have not submitted copies of your business card to the current editor they may not be on file, so send them in to the address below. Paid advertising, on the other hand, can obviously go a long way towaI'd offsetting the cost of publishing our newsletter and paid ads will appear as scheduled. As paid ads must naturally take precedence over other advertisements you may wish to consider purchasing ad space to insure placement of your material (for ad rate infonnation see inside back cover).

Announcements, likewise, must appear in a timely matter and may occasionally necessitate the displacement of complimentary advertisement. As our society is made up of a large group of individuals displaying an almost equally large diversity of interests and concerns, and realizing that this newsletter is the forum for all MRS members, a wide variety of event announcements including; academic symposia, national and international herpetological conferences, general conservation meetings, as well as swap meets, etc. will appear in these pages. It is this editor's opinion that all events of possible interest to MRS members belong in this newsletter, so please remember this "free press" editodal policy regarding event announcements! Thanks.

JPL

Next Newsletter Deadline: July 7, 1995 Send all submissions to: MHS Editor Bell Museum of Natural History 10 Church St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55455-0104

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MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Upcoming Meeting Highlights July Speaker: Gary Casper Program: Wisconsin Herpetological Atlas Project &

Other Herping Stories One of the nice things about being V.P. of the MHS is getting to line up the quest speakers for the monthly meetings. That means I get to hear the sort of talks that I want to. This year, I'm hoping that we can get a few of tile more natural history and ecology oriented herp speakers. If you're the sort of person who doesn't get out in the "field" (where is the field, anyway?) to observe berps in the real world, rather than in the artificial settings of your home, I think you are missing something. Learning about amphibians and reptiles in their native habitats, whether it's Minnesota, Wisconsin, or Uruguay, can add a whole new dimension to the hobby for YOll. However, that is not to say that we won't cover some very interesting husbandry and breeding talks, beCause we will.

We do have quite a few cool speakers lined up for the coming months including; Ron Humbert, Dino Ferri, John Tester, Joel DuBay, and more. These will be some really good programs that you won't want to miss!

So. I like native herps. Our speaker for July is Gary Casper, who also likes native herps. Gary works at the Milwaukee Public Museum, where he cares for the herpetological collection, and manages the Herp Atlas Project. Essentially, the purpose of the Herp Atlas Project is to document the ranges of the various amphibian and reptile species that occur in Wisconsin. Gary is looking for people who herp in Wisconsin and who would be willing to document their findings. Gary has been able to document numerous range extensions, and has made other discoveries, since the start of the project. One of tbose discoveries was proving the existence of neotonic Tiger Salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinwn.

That, of course, is a salamander which retains larval characteristics throughout it's life.

July Meeting

I do have one more request. Bring a critter for Critter of the Month. A "cdlter" is any herp that you own and that you are able to say a few things about. This is a really fun part of the meetings, and we haven't had nearly enough "critters" lately. It's also your chance to show off a little. See you in July .... Greg

Location: Borlaug Hall, U of M St. Paul Campus Time: July 7, 1995 - 7.00 pm.

July's general meeting of the MHS will be held at the usual meeting location in Borlaug Hall on the SI. Paul Campus of the U of M (see map below). In addition to the scheduled speaker monthly meetings also feature Critter of the Month, so remember to bring your animals and, if possible, a container to display them in. Other general meeting acli vities include Adoptions and the MIlS Library.

UNlVERSfT'f OF

Other topics that Gary will cover in greater detail are the distributions of Butler's Garter Snake, Thamnaphis brltl"'i, and Four-toed Salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum. These are a couple of species that are of special interest to Wisconsin herpetologists due to their relative scarcity.

July's meeting is sure to be a good one. If you are interested in learning more about our native midwestern herpetofauna, you will greatly enjoy Gary Casper's presentation. Gary is a well known herpetologist and an excellent speaker, and he is also a long time member of the Minnesota Herpetological Society. Hopefully you'll be able to attend.

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~mmESOTA-

ST. PAUL CAMPUS

MRS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

NEWS AND NOTES In Cold Blood

Moriarty, Dorff and other scientists and volunteers

Reptiles, amphibians find fragile homes

try to count the frogs and toads in an annuai survey

Up North.

that involves 34 routes in 20 counties. The census is only three years old, so no one knows with any numerical certainty whether today's populations are larger or smaller than in previous years.

But David Hoppe, who teaches herpetology, wildlife biology and other subjects at the University of Minnesota in Morris, is worried about amphibians.

His studies of leopard frogs in Minnesota have produced preliminary fmdings about abnormalities in egg masses, low fertilization rates and less hatching success than would normally be expected.

Hoppe has also noticed that adult leopard frogs are smaller than they used to be, although he's not sure whether that's because of changes in diet or because adult frogs are dying prematurely for some reason.

Scientists in many countries have documented worldwide declines in amphibian populations, and have suggested causes that range from pesticide residues in water to higber ultraviolet radiation levels because of ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere.

Dorff works with the Minnesota County Biological Survey, which collects information on rare species and habitats as part of a county-by-county inventory in the state. Her studies of turtles show that they need two distinct habitats: wetlands for overwintering and upland areas for nesting. As society builds more homes near wetlands and divides them with roadways, Dorff said turtle habitats are fragmented and endangered.

The Blanding's turtle and wood turtle may live for 15 years before they breed, said Moriarty, giving some park managers and homeowners a false sense of security about their health.

"Even though the turtles may be there and individuals are still alive," he said, "it's technically a living dead population because no more reproduction is going on."

Moriarty said turtles and frogs need an adequate amount of habitat, and that means more than a fringe of tall grass around a pond. "People want to see sanitized wildlife in their back yards, but they don't want the wildlife to do anything to their yard," he said. "But Toros (lawn mowers) and frogs just don't mix." Moriarty said he advises people who want turtles and other wildlife in a neighborhood pond to practice "minimal lawn care" that provides plenty of natural vegetation as an edge or border.

Hennepin Parks wildlife biologists are experimenting with new ways to provide culverts under roads to provide safer routes for wildlife to move between wetlands and along streams. Where road crossing is necessary, they are posting warnings to motorists and lowering curb levels to reduce the chances of animals being killed.

Moriarty said wildlife specialists in some Hennepin park reserves are also scheduling the mowing of horse trails or the burning of prairie areas

For Carol Dorff, amphibian and reptile specialist for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, May is a busy time of year. "Everything's going on," she said recently. "Frogs are calling, turtles are moving, snakes are emerging."

Wait a minute.

Since when did Minnesota, the land of loons, wolves, deer and mosquitoes, suddenly become a hotbed of herpetology? Aren't the homes for reptiles, alligators, salamanders and snakes quite some distance away .... like about 1,200 miles to the southeast?

Indeed, Minnesota has 49 species of turtles, snakes, lizards, salamanders, frogs and toads within its borders, said John Moriarty, wildlife specialist for Hennepin Parks. That's about one-third of the number found in Georgia and similar southern states.

Moriarty is co-author, with Barney Oldfield, of "Amphibians and Reptiles Native to Minnesota," published last year by the University of Minnesota Press. It's both a field guide and a coffee-table picture book ... if you like the looks of five-lined skinks, spiny soft-shell turtles and four-toed salamanders.

It's been 50 years since Walter Breckenridge wrote the first guide to amphibians and reptiles in Minnesota, and Moriarty said it's no coincidence that a new guide is appropriate now. Frogs, turtles and other species are close to the landscape, he said, and tell us something about pollution and the quality of the environment.

"People think of them as slimy, but they're just part of the system out there," Moriarty said. "There's nothing any worse or nastier in a frog than there is in a chickadee."

Unlike birds, mammals and other creatures that migrate over considerable distances, amphibians and reptiles spend much of their lives in a relatively small area, sometimes within one square mile. Amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders) have slimy skin, generally lay their eggs in water and need to live in relatively damp areas to prevent dehydration. Reptiles (turtles, lizards, snakes) have dry skin with scales, and either lay eggs on land or give birth to live young.

By late April, most of the species have emerged from hibernation, and May is the month for breeding and movement toward sununer feeding and nesting areas. Male frogs from several species are calling females to breed, and turtles and snakes can be seen crossing trails and roadways.

Scientists know that the largest diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Minnesota occurs in the southeast corner of the state, which is wetter and not quite so frigid in winter as other areas. But other species such as American toads, common garter snakes, painted turtles and northern leopard frogs are relatively common throughout the state.

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MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Midwest Pet Fair

at times that will not interfere with turtle movement and egg-laying.

Hoppe said historical records and anecdotes indicate that some areas of Minnesota and Iowa were once teeming with amphibians, especially frogs, and that they're an important link in the food chain.

"We shouldn't take them for granted," said Hoppe.

"What we see happening to them is an early indicator of what can happen to other species, including

Lots of Cold-blooded Creatures The 2-foot-long lizard, red tongue flicking from a snakelike head, lunged at the wall of the glass cage.

There were humans in the room, and it wanted to mingle.

A little earlier, reptile admirer Dav Lydon had taken the critter from its cage, allowing it to scale his arm and perch on his shoulder, its tentaclelike tail whipping back and forth. The little guy was not pleased to be back in the cage.

Nearby, Lydon's male and female northern pine snakes were curled up in separate wood cages, side by side. The pregnant female was testy, and the two traded hisses, which rose and fell in stereo.

Lydon. education director for the Minnesota Herpetological Society, admits he has fallen under a reptilian spell. He shares his climate-controlled suburban apartment with 45 reptiles, including 35 snakes.

For the second year, he will bring some of his personal pets -- Raptor, a water monitor lizard, along with Lyla, his 5路foot bullsnake; Nicasa, a black rat snake, and Boa the boa constrictor -- to the Midwest Pet Fair at the St. Paul Civic Center this weekend.

Lydon and other members of the Herpetological Society will give folks a chance to see and, if they want, touch a variety of cold-blooded creatures.

The society members will answer questions about owning and caring for reptiles in captivity. (Most people want to know about size, diet and "Do they bite?"). They'll also argue against common misconceptions and myths.

Reptiles are neither creepy nor slimy Herpetological Society members insist. There's little or no chance that a pet python will escape from its cage and no danger that it will gulp down a neighbor's cat, they will say over and over.

And, most definitely, people who keep snakes as pets are not devil worshipers.

The society said 7.3 million U.S. households keep reptiles as pets, and more than 75 percent of reptile owners keep more than one.

"We want to educate the public that these are fascinating animals and are a part of nature's web of life," said Lydon. His organization also promotes the conservation and preservation of amphibians and reptiles.

Reptiles don't need to be walked, a yard isn't necessary and they are fed (snakes get mice) only about once a week. Apartment dwellers and those with hectic lifestyles not conductive to owning a dog or a cat are ideal reptile owners.

"1 can walk into my reptile room and take out my

ourselves."

Editor's Note: The preceding article, written by Tom Meersman, appeared as part of a special pullout poster in the May 15, 1995 issue of the Mpls Star Tribune's monthly magazine Minnesota Life.

It has been reprinted here with the Idnd pennission of the Star Tribune. JPL

Timber Rattlesnake Print Why Is It For Sale ?

For the past several months a limited edition lithograph of a Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, (Editor's Note: see this month's cover) has been advertised for sale in the MHS newsletter. It is important to explain why this print was created and how income from it's sale will be used.

First, it should be noted that the pen and ink drawing by Dan Keyler was done from a photograph, taken by MHS member Barney Oldfield, of a Timber Rattlesnake found coiled in a deer antler while doing a field study in southwestern Wisconsin. Barney Oldfield and Dan Keyler have been members of the Minnesota Herpetological Society for 13 years and have been actively involved in research on the Timber Rattlesnake in the upper Mississippi River Valley over this period. The research data generated from field studies have been published and presented at national meetings. Funds for research activities have come from grants and "out路of路our-pockets." We have been invited to present our conservation and distribution data at the annual Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles meeting in Boone, North Carolina in August, 1995. A fonnal symposium will be presented at this meeting to evaluate the status of the species nationally and to enhance support for federal protection.

To date, just over 20 of the 144 signed and numbered prints have been purchased by MHS members, so there are plenty left. Please consider a purchase, as prints are very reasonably priced at $15 each and your money will help support studies of the Timber Rattlesnake right here in our own upper Mississippi River Valley. We hope we can count on our fellow MHS members, and others with an interest in Timber Rattlesnakes, to support this endeavor.

Prints can be personalized per your request.

All funds obtained from the sale of the limited edition prints will be applied to further study and preservation of the Timber Rattlesnake.

boa constrictor. It's a release from the outside world

and my way of unwinding and relaxing," said Lydon.

Editor's Note: The preceding text, by Lynn Underwood, is a portion of a Pet Fair article from

the Mpls Star Tribune's Variety section of May 11, 1995. It is reprinted here by pcnnission. JPL

Thank You - Dan Keyler & Barney Oldfield

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MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

General Meeting Review

By Randy B1asus - MHS Recording Secretary Dan Nedrelo spoke to the audience about two field herping experiences he has had in the State of Wisconsin.

extremely rare as only onc was caught during the survey.

In fact, no eggs of this species were found. Snapping Turtle, Chelydra Stlpentina, nests were not found near the river but were located farther away in upland habitat.

Another rare turtle is the Musk Turtle, Sternotherus odoratus, again only one individual of the species has been found. Species that were found included those already mentioned as well as; Painted, Chrysemys picta, Spiny Softshell, Apalone spinijera, and all Uu'ee species of Map Turtles; Graptemys geographica, G. pseudogeographica and G. ouachitensis. Tributary streams of the Mississippi hold other types of turtles such as the Blanding's, Emydoidea blanding ii, and the Wood Turtle, Clemmys insculpta, who prefer smaller water sources or are more riparian.

Dan first talked of his experience in working with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources on a limited turtle survey of the Mississippi River south of La Crosse (a twenty mile stretch). He was given three objectives: one was to find nesting beaches; another was to identify the turtles that live there; lastly, to detenuine the impact of commercial fishing on the turtle population.

Early on he learned of the trials involved in field research. The complexity of funding allocations where only so many dollars are allotted for gasoline, etc.

Placement of the traps became a difficult project as there were many restrictions on how and where they could be placed. Areas that appeared to be likely habitat did not always produce the desired catch of animals. Often just checking the traps was hard as he was forced to do it alone. He also encountered problems between this study and time commitments to other projects.

The other study Dan referred to took place at Fort McCoy Military Reservation. This area had a lot of edge habitat and other modifications to the natural landscape that made judging where to find specimens harder to predict.

Melbods used included drift fencing, laying boards out and road cruising. The boards produced animals but were unpredictable in attracting herps. The drift fence caught Ringneck Snakes, Diadophis punctatus, and Four-toed Salamanders, Hemidoctylium scutatllm, which would have been difficult or impossible to find otherwise in their densely vegetated habitat. Road cruising produced animals and was used the most. Turtles were not studied during this period very intensively because of the labor involved.

Traps in different parts of the river would catch only certain species. An example is Painted Turtles which were mainly gathered in the backwater areas along with a few Map Turtles. The closer to the channel tile traps were, the more Map Turtles that were caught. These trap sites consisted of a large net that served to funnel the animals to the trap itself. The traps were baited to attract the turtles also.

Target species for Ibis area were the Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans, Blanding's Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, Wood Turtle, Clemmys insculpta, and Massasauga, Sistrums catenall/s. Many species were found, some Ibat were rare.

The Ringneck Snake, Diadophis punctatus, that was found was a range extension for the species. Some were very conunon such as the Leopard, Rana pipiens, and Green Frogs, Rana ciamitans. A Redback Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, was caught and was unCOlrunon because no other specimens were found; the species is usually found in colonies. Creatures not found there include the Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum, Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans, Bullfrog, Rana catesbeianf1, and Ibe Massasauga, Sistrums catenatus. It was hoped that the Massasauga would be there as they are know from nearby areas. However, the only one caught that season was a gravid female found several miles away.

Many turtles were found to have external parasites, as well as damage from propellers and olber man-made water hazards. There were also some drownings noted to have happened from fishing and trap nets. There seemed to be a lot of pressure on the turtles in the liver from fishing and other activities.

In addition to catching adult animals, nests were excavated and incubated to detennine species (they were later released at the site of capture). Nest sites also had a lot of problems. Predation was very high and predators included; Raccoons, Opossums, Squirrels, and members of the weasel and canine families. Nests also suffered from variable water levels where some eggs would be drowned.

Sometimes female turtles would be in a hurry and not fully cover the nest or kick up adjacent sites when entering or leaving the beaches. Another pressure is the use of the nesting beaches by boaters for picnics and camping. It was found that vegetation deters people from using these areas too heavily but did not effect the turtles.

Some of the islands were remodeled because of this finding.

The slides were infonuative and the talk fascinating to those interested in field work. All in all, this month's speakcr gave a good overview of the projects and supplied much incidental infonnation about the animals and their habitat. The speaker also entertained the audience, and himself, by trying to teach us how to imitate various frog calls. Good job Dan! 0000000000000

Most of the species found were no surprise, however, Smooth Softshell Turtles, Apalone mutica, were

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MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Recollections of the Rattle Snake

By William Bartram But let us again resume the subject of the rattle snake; a wonderful creature, when we consider his form, nature and disposition. It is certain that he is capable by a puncture or scratch of one of his fangs, not only to kill the largest animal in America, and tbat in a few minutes time, but to turn the whole body into corruption; but such is the nature of this dreaded reptile, that he cannot run or creep faster than a man or child can walk, and he is never known to strike until he is first assaulted or fears himself in danger, and even then always gives the earliest warning by the rattles at the extremity of the tail. I have in the course of my travels in the Southern States (where they are the largest, most numerous and supposed to be the most venomous and vindictive) stept unknowingly so close as almost to touch one of them with my fee~ and when I perceived him he was already drawn up in circular coils ready for a blow.

But however incredible it may appear, the generous, I may say magnanimous creature lay as stilI and motionless as if inanimate, his head crouched in, his eyes abnost shut. I precipitately withdrew, unless when I have been so shocked with surprise and honur as to be in a manner riveted to the spot, for a short time not baving the strengtb to go away; when he often slowly extends himself and quietly moves off in a direct line, unless pursued, when he erects his tail as far as the rattIes extend, and gives the warning alarm by intervals. But if you pursue and overtake him with a show of eomity, he instantly throws himself into the spiral coil; his tail by the rapidity of its motion appears like a vapour, making a quick tremulous sound; his whole body swells through rage, continually rising and falling as a bellows; his beautiful particoloured skin becomes speckled and rough by dilatation; his head and neck are flattened, his cheeks swollen and his lips constricted, discovering his mortal fangs; his eyes red as burning coals, and his brandishing forked tongue of the colour of the hottest flame, continually menaces death and destruction, yet never strikes unless sure of his marl::.

animals, and by steadfastly looking at them possess them with infatuation: be the cause what it may, the miserable creatures undoubtedly strive by every possible means to escape, but alas! their endeavours are in vain, they at last lose the power of resistance, and flutter or move slowly, but reluctantly, towards the yawning jaws of their devourers, and creep into their mouths, or lie down and suffer themselves to be taken and swallowed.

Since, within the circle of my acquaintance, I am known to be an advocate or vindicator of the benevolent and peaceable disposition of animal creation in general, not only towards mankind, whom they seem to venerate, but also towards one another, except where hunger or the rational and necessary provocations of the sensual appetite interfere. I shall mention a few instances, amongst many, which I have had an opportunity of remarking during my travels, particularly with regard to the animal r have been treating of. I shall strictly confme myself to facts.

When on the sea coast of Georgia, I consented, with a few friends, to make a party of amusement at fishing and fowling on Sapello, one of the sea coast islands.

We accordingly descended the Alatamal13, crossed the sound and landed on the NOllh end of the island, near the inlet, fixing our encampment at a pleasant situation, under the shade of a grove of Live Oaks and Laurels 1, on the high banks of a creek which we ascended, winding through a salt marsh, which had its source from a swamp and savanna in the island: our situation elevated and open, commanded a comprehensive landscape; the great ocean, the foaming sIlrf breaking on the sandy beach, the snowy breakers on the bar, the endless chain of islands, checkered sound and high continent all appearing before us. The diverting toils of the day were not fruitless, affording us opportunities of furnishing ourselves plentifully with a variety of game, fIsh and oysters for our supper.

The rattle snake is the largest serpent yet known to exist in North America. I have heard of their having been seen formerly, at the first settling of Georgia, seven, eight and even ten feet in length, and six or eight inches diameter; but there arc none of that size now to be seen; yet I bave seen them above six feet in length, and above six inches in thickness, or as large as a man's leg; but their general size is four, five, and six feet in length. They are supposed to have the power of fascination in an eminent degree, so as to inthral their prey. It is generally believed that they charm birds, rabbits, squirrels and other

About two hundred yards from our camp was a cool spring, amidst a grove of odoriferous Myrica; the winding path to this salubrious fountain led through a grassy savanna; I visited the spring several times in the night, but little did I know, or any army careless drowsy companions, that every time we visited the fountain we were in imminent danger, as I run going to relate. Early in the morning, excited by unconquerable thirst, I arose and went to the spring,

1 Magnolia gralldijlora, called by the inhabitants the Laur ...l.

6

MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6 and having, thoughtless of harm or danger, nearly half past the dewy vale, along the serpentine foot path, my hasty steps were suddenly stopped by the sight of a hideous serpent, the fonnidable rattle snake, in a high spiral coil, forming a circular mound half the height of my knees, within six inches of the narrow path; as soon as I recovered my senses and strength from so sudden a surprise, I started back out of his reach, where I stood to view him: he lay quiet whilst I surveyed him, appearing no way surprised or disturbed, but kept his half-shut eyes fixed on me; my imagination and spirits were in a tumult, almost equally divided betwixt thanksgiving to the Supreme Creator and preselver, and the dignified nature of the generous though terrible creature, who had suffered us all to pass many times by him during the night, without injuring us in the least, although we must have touched him, or our steps guided therefrom by a supreme guardian spirit. I hastened back to acquaint my associates, but with a detennination to protect the life of the generous serpent. I presently brought my companions to the place, who were, beyond expression, surprised and terrified at the sight of the animal, and in a moment acknowledged their escape from destruction to be miraculous; and I am proud to assert, that all of us, except one person, agreed to let him lay undisturbed, and that person at length was prevailed upon to suffer him to escape.

treaty came on, waiting the arrival of a vessel from St. Augustine, on board of which were the presents for the Indians. My father employed this time of leisure in little excursions round about the fort; and one morning, being the day the treaty conunenced, I attended him on a botanical excursion. Some time after we had been rambling in a swamp about a quarter of a mile from the camp, I being a-head a few paces my father bid me observe the rattle snake before and just at my feet, I stopped and saw the monster fonued in a high spiral coil, not half his length from my feet; another step forward would have put my life in his power, as I must have touched if not stumbled over him. The fright and perturbation of my spirits at once excited resentment, at that time I was entirely insensible to gratitude or mercy; I instantly cut off a small sapling and soon dispatched him: this serpent was about six feet in length, and as thick as an ordinary man's leg. The rencounter deterred us from proceeding on our researches for that day. So I cut off a tough withe or vine, which fastening round the neck of the slain serpent I dragged him after me, his scaly body sounding over the ground, and entering the camp with him in triumph, was soon surrounded by the amazed multitude, both Indians and my countrymen.

The adventure soon reached the ears of the commander, who sent an officer to request that, if the snake had not bit himself, he might have him served up for his dinner; I readily delivered up the body of the snake to the cooks, and being that day invited to dine at the governor's table, saw the snake served up in several dishes: governor Grant being fond of the flesh of the rattle snake. I tasted of it but could not swallow it. I however, was sorry after killing the serpent when cooly recollecting every circumstance, he certainly had it in his power to kill me almost instantly, and I make no doubt but that he was conscious of it. I promised myself that I would never again be accessary to the death of a rattle snake, which promise I have invariably kept to. This dreaded animal is easily killed, a stick no thicker than a man's thumb is sufficient to kill the largest at one stroke, if well directed either on the head or across the back, nor can they make their escape by running off, nor indeed do they attempt it when attacked.

Again, when in my youth, attending my father on a journey to the Catskill Mountains, in the government of New-Yark; having nearly ascended the peak of Giliad, being youthful and vigorous in the pursuit of botanic;!1 and novel objects, I had gained the summit of a steep rocky precipice, a-head of our guide, when, just entering a shady vale, I saw at the root of a small shrub, a singular and beautiful appearance, which I remember to have instantly apprehended to be a large kind of Fungus which we call Jews ears, and was just drawing back my foot to kick it over, when at the instant, ruy father being near, cried out, a rattle snake my son, and jerked me back, which probably saved my life. I had never before seen one, this wa~ of a kind which our guide called a yellow one, it was very beautiful, speckled and clouded. My father pleaded for his life, but our guide was inexorable, saying he never spared the life of a rattle snake, and killed him; my father took his skin and fangs.

Editor's Note: The preceding article is a portion of Part II, Chapter X, of William Bartram's Travels Through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Museogulges, or Creek Confederae)" and the Country of the Chaetaws, originally published in the year 1791. It is reprinted here with only minor modifications to punctuation. As many MHS members may be unfamiliar with Bartram's classic publication, this reprint will hopefully prove interesting to the readers of this newsletter. 000000

Some years after this, when again in company with my father on a journey into East Florida, on the banks of St. Juan, at Fort Picolata, attending the congress of a treaty between that government and the Creek Nation, for obtaining a territory from that people to annex to the new government. After the

Indians and a detachment from the garrison at St. Augustine had arrived and encamped separately, near the fort, some days elapsed before the business of the

7

MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Historical Comments on the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus.

By John P. Levell Why, considering the prcvalencc of ophidophobia (probably even more widespread in that day and age than now), would the American revolutionaries utilize the rattlesnake to symbolize the struggle for independence from the mother country? Fortunately, speculation on this subject is unnecessary as surviving newspaper cOIIuuentary of the era records for posterity the reasoning behind tbis unusual choice of emblems. Firstly, the rattlesnake was considered ever vigilant due to the brilliance and lidlessness of their eyes. Secondarily, while ncver instigating an attack, once enraged a rattlesnake will never surrender and although perfectly capable of defending themselves decisively through their venomous bite, rattlesnakes make every attempt to avoid conllict and always give fair warning before striking. Lastly, rattlesnakes are a distinctly American animal, occurring nowhere else in tbe world.

Given thc species' geographic range, relatively large size, and sometimes fonnidable disposition, there can be little doubt that the Timber Rattlesnake made a fast and lasting impression on the early colonists and explorers of the North American Continent. Indeed, surviving manuscripts of the era contain frequent and, quite often, fanciful accounts of rattlesnakes, and Crotalus horridus is, understandably among the first species of North America's herpetofauna to be officially named by Linneaus in 1758. That the Timber Rattler, as well as other rattlesnakes, have been relentlessly persecuted; whether through a genuine fear of the dangerous, perhaps fatal consequences of an encounter with the species in the wild or for other, more innately "human" reasons, since the beginning of it's association with Europeans is, likewise, a well documented fact.

Less readily apparent, however, is a radically different attitude regarding rattlesnakes on the part of at least SOme inhabitants of colonial era America. While exaggerated reports of gigantic rattlers, horrific tales of encounters and envenomations, and just plain "foik lore" predominate the literature of the time period, more scientifically accurate and enligbtened perspectives of these animals appear in the accounts of several authors including, most notably, tbe work of William Bartram (1791). Perhaps more surprising is the bigh regard and large degree of respect accorded rattlesnakes by New World colonists, particularly during the patriotic furor surrounding the American Revolution.

In light of the attributes associated with rattlesnakes by the American colonials, it is little wonder that these animals were considered worthy of representing the as yet to be born nation. All things considered, tbe Timber Rattlesnake rather than the Bald Eagle may well have been our Nation's symbol.

Selected Bibliography: Bartram, William. 1791. Travels Through North and South Carolina, East and West Florida, etc.

Philadelphia.

Brown, William S. 1993. Biology, Status, and Management of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): A Guidefor Conservation. SSAR.

Tbis early American reverence of rattlers is most graphically and conspicuously illustrated by tbe repeated usage of the rattlesnake motif in tbe battle standards of tbe colonial armed forces. While the famous "Don't Tread On Me" flag, wbich features a rattlesnake with head and tail raised in a defensive coil, utilized by the fIrst colonial Marines and Navai vessels is undoubtedly the most well known of these early American military insignias, other earlier examples aiso exist. Among the more unusual and better known of these other U.S. rattlesnake flags is a banner produced around the year 1754, which features a disjointed rattlesnake of eight separate pieces each representing and emblazoned with the initials of the individual colonies (there were only 8 colonies at the time). This flag also carried the motto "Join or Die" and later went on to fonn the masthead of the then fledgling Pennsylvania Journal.

Brown, William S. 1987. Hidden Life oftlze Timber Rattler. Natl. Geo. July 1987.

Keyler, D.E. and OldfIeld, B.L. 1992 Status of the Timber Rattlesnake in Minnesota, In: Tyning) T.F.

ed. 1992. Conservation oftlze Timber Rattlesnake in the Northeast. Mass. Audubon Soc. Medden, Rheua V. 1929-31. Tales oftlze Rattlesnake, In: Bulletin Antivenin Institute of America. 1973 SSAR Facsimile Reprint.

Pahner, Thomas. 1992. Landscape with Reptile: Rattlesnakes in an Urban World. Ticknor and Fields, New Yark, NY. 0000000000000

8

~r~------------------------Minnesota Herpetological Society Annual Picnic August 19th, 1995 Locke Park 400 71 st Avenue NE Fridley, Anoka County, MN General Info: The MHS picnic will be held the third Saturday in August. We will be located at shelter 2 at the end of the road. The park opens 9:00 am and closes 9:00 pm. We will be firing up the grills around noon or whenever anyone wants.

MHS will provide: charcoal, plates, napkins, silverware and condiments.

Please bring your own beverages (no kegs or hard liquor allowed), meats, and something to share.

Amenities: There is running water, modern bathrooms, adequate parking, grills and tables. A small play area is available for children. Dogs are permitted when leashed.

The park has a regional trail system which wanders through the woods and along a small creek (Rice Creek) that flows to the Mississippi.

Local Attractions: Locke Park is located about two miles south of Springbrook Nature Center which has a large display of reptiles and amphibians as well as many walking trails.

Turtle races will be held mid-afternoon and prizes will be awarded.

Any questions about rules (etc.) should be directed to the Picnic Chairperson: Randy at 925-4237

85 th Ruenue / Hwy 132

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MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Minnesota's Amphibians and Reptiles: Conservation and Status May 5 and 6, 1995 Reviewed by Randy Blasus On May 5th and 6th a gathering of MRS members, MNDNR, U.S. Forest Service, U.S.F.W.S. employees and others concerned with Minnesota's native herp population gathered at the Bell Museum of Natural History for a symposium. The turnout was light, possibly SO people, all totaled. However, the presentations were very informative and provoked many comments from the audience. This review of the symposium will be brief in order to allot space for each subject, hilting only the high points of each talk. The author found the material presented to be both interesting and even disturbing. The proceedings of this symposium should be printed in the near future as well.

frogs for bait and there is a season on collecting them.

The season lasts from May 16 to March 31 and any frog less then 6 inches total length can be used. For purposes other than bait the frogs must be larger than 6 inches total length. A fishing license doesn't allow for the sale of amphibians; so another permit is needed. Amphibians can be taken from sunrise to sunset, or a special pennit can be obtained to catch them at night with a light. Of the amounts taken, voluntary reporting fIgures show that in 1993, fourteen permits reported 2,820 lbs. captured.

During the late 60's and early 70's no permits were issued because the population was decimated by drought and disease. Turtles have received pressure similar to the amphibians. Through voluntary recording procedures, the number of animals collected and total weight of the catch has been tabulated and monitored. Some of the figures are unbelievable, as the case is with the Snapping Turtles. In 1991, where some 3,000 Ibs were retained from the catch!

These add up to thousands of individual animals. Two species are protected; the Wood and the Blanding's Turtle, and both require a special permit to collect. The concern is that unregulated trade is depleting our resources. More reporting is needed, as well as laws that protect turtles from over harvest, such as a ceiling on the number of traps per vendor.

The first speaker on Friday afternoon was James Konrad who spoke on the topic of commercial trade in Minnesota's herpetofauna. Currently, the only legislation on herps involves a size restriction on Snapping Turtles that can be taken and a regulation on collecting frogs for non-bait purposes. All other trade is virtually unregulated. The turtles are routinely captured and shipped to West Coast Asian food markets. This group has recently come under fIre from animal rights groups as many restaurants that serve turtles treat them as lobster and boil them alive! Not only are Snappers collected, but now Softshells, Painted and even large Map Turtles are being sought after. Jim also remarked that once a trapper has made his rounds through a particular area that there is a noticeable decline in the number of turtles present. The size of the harvest is stable, but a decrease in the size of the individual turtles and an increase in the number of animals has been noted. Other animals collected in large numbers include Leopard Frogs and Tiger Salamanders which are used for bait and research. Bullfrogs are used mainly by sportsmen, so the trade in them is not large.

Snakes are also collected, the largest harvest is the Garter Snakes that are sold as pets for export. It is estimated that 100,000 Garters leave the state a year. A easily made trap also helps in the collection of the animals and is so efficient that an entire den's population can be removed.

It was emphasized that more regulation is needed and that we should work with the collectors, or at least not confront them directly, to protect these native animals.

Controls are also needed on the importation of species as well as the export and finally that input is needed from the public to help enact these procedures.

Next on the agenda was our Editor, John Levell who spoke on model regulations, developing fair and effective legislation. John has just completed a book called The Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law. In the book is gathered all the data on laws pertaining to herps from all 50 states. Many interesting things crune out of this work. The first problem that was noted was that a definition of what constitutes a herp is needed before model regulations can be made. The next item would be to name which activities you are regulating, such as collecting animals. The recreational collector needs to be separated from the commercial so that a young child who picks up a frog and takes it home is not violating a law.

Regulations need to be based on sound scientifIc and biological information. One state, Louisiana, has a committee comprised of cOHunercial, scientific and hobbyist interests to work on laws. Severely detrimental activities need to be stopped before any petmanent damage can be done to native populations. Fair and reasonable legislation should preserve the animal and its habitat and provide definite limits on certain activities. Minnesota, in

Next in line was Roy Johannes who spoke on CUlTent Minnesota regulations for amphibians and reptiles, as well as taking on the next topic of proposed regulations and enforcement (it was to be presented by Mike Grupa).

There are currently laws on frogs, turtles and shellfish.

Frogs are collected for bait, food and biological supply houses. A fishing license is all that is needed to catch

particular, needs to reinstate its task force to look into some of Our problems. Overall, our regulations are not bad, especially in comparison to some other states, but they can be improved.

Rich Baker along with Carol Dorff, John Moriarty and Barney Oldfield discussed the proposed changes to

9

MRS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6 update it due to new infonnation that has come along. A process to revise the list on a scheduled basis is being identifying habitat and maintaining it, as well as creating and protecting nesting areas.

Minnesota's list of threatened and Endangered &nimals.

The current list is about 10 years old, and it is time to worked on. The list is based upon the range of the species in Minnesota and the state of the animal in its range. An example of this would be the Special Concern category.

This would be an animal that is uncommon, on the periphery of its range, in recovery, or requires a special habitat. Thirty changes have been proposed in the long and arduous process from soliciting public recommendations through to publishing tile revisions in the State Register. A couple of the changes are: moving the Cricket Frog and the Massasauga to endangered; Putting the Four Toed Salamander on the list as special concern along with the Softshell Turtle. The Timber Rattlesnake is to be on the threatened list. A number of others are to be moved down the list due to other means of tracking the animal, high habitat stability, or lack of trade in the species.

Next, Barney OldfIeld and Daniel Keyler (absent) updated us on the status of the Timber Rattlesnake in Minnesota.

We were given an overview of their life history and habitat requirements. Studies were performed by mark and recapture methods and blood samples were taken along with other information on the individual animal. From this information the sex ratio, distribution and other items such as color deviation could be recorded. Future recommendations from this project are to protect the habitat and educate the general public.

Michael Lannoo brought to light the problems posed by exotics on native wildlife. Wetlands are in trouble, as many people know, because of elimination as well as pollution. However, exotics pose ahnost as large a threat.

The list of exotics includes Bullfrogs, game and bait fish, and other introduced non-native creatures. The use of wetlands to raise bait and game fish eliminates amphibian breeding grounds and threatens the population. The Bullfrog poses a problem as well; it competes for the same food and also includes its fellow amphibians on the menu along with a host of other species. Legislation to prevent introduction of exotics needs to be fmmed along with methods to control existing populations of invaders.

The last program of the day was on the Federal regulations that effect our state's herps presented by Rick Giovengo, a criminal investigator. The first part consisted of a video on the Endangered Species Act, which is now under fIre in our Nation's Capital. There is currently a freeze on any additions to the list. Criminal investigators do not spend much time on this act as it is hard to enforce a law \vith this many loopholes. The regulation itself is a mammoth work (some 65 pages long) that most federal prosecutors won't work with as it is hard to convict someone under it.

It's much easier to enforce such acts as the Lacey Act. If the Endangered Species Act is abolished, however, then so goes the international version, CITIES. This would be a blow to the conservation movement as we now know it.

Madeline Linck, Carol Dorff, and John Moriarty talkcd on the effects of habitat fragmentation on the Blanding's Turtle. These long lived animals are influenced by changes to the small wetlands they inhabit. There is no hard data on the effects of fragmentation, however, it appears that this increases mortality through predation.

Movements were tracked and the animals were found to repeat themselves in their seasonal movements. TIley require uplands for nesting; a safe travel corridor; and a lot of land to thrive. Altering the habitat by such acts as drawing down ponds (temporary draining) that turtles use to overwinter can result in high mortality. Turtles returning to the same area to hibernate die due to exposure during the cold Minnesota winter.

Saturday morning, Richard Beuch and Mark Nelson updated us on the Conservation of Wood Turtles in the state. These animals require a specific habitat to survive and find their most westward range extension in Minnesota and are declining throughout their range. Cold, clear stI~ams in lowland hardwoods provide for the turtles needs. Cutbanks, areas where there is exposed sand on sharp bends, are used for nesting. These banks are the fIrst ones that show a conflict as many who wish to manage the stream for trout will stabilize the bank to keep the water clear and eliminate, unknowingly, the nest sites.

Canoeists will also use these areas for picnic and further disturb the areas. Other problems Wood Turtles facc include: high nest predation of 75 to 100%; late hatching due to cool summer temperatures; accidental mortality due to human activities (Le .. automobiles); and collection for the pet trade. These factors have combined to decrease the animals population through it's range. Thirty animals were fItted with transmitters and monitored to observe their movements and behavior. It was found that the animals become aquatic in the fall and winter in the deeper water. A sample artifIcial nest area was built to test theories on how to protect the eggs. It is a vcry high maintenance fann of protection, however, it works well for skunks and fox. Future recommendations include

David Hoppe and Robert McKinnell (absent) remarked on observations of Leopard Frog populations. Good studies on the status of these animals in the wild are hard to fInd. The much published decline of amphibians probably has many factors. Ultraviolet light is one possibility,

however) another factor may be commercial collection.

Biological supply houses handle around 1 million frogs annually that are shipped to schools and research facilities.

Sickness can also decimate wild populations as happened early in the 1970's to Minnesota's Leopard Frogs.

Reproduction problems through unsuccessful fertilization

or abnonnal hatchlings IllHy also effect the population.

Studies on this are just now being perfonned and more data is needed. There also appcars to be less large adults

10

MRS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

in the current population, by personal observation of the speaker.

types. Through this project many records have been found and some rare animals and eOIrununities have been identified.

John Moriarty and Madeline Linck spoke on the reintroduction of Bullsnakes to Crow-Hasson Park. The release site is a restored prairie with a good population of ground squirrels. No previous population of Bullsnakes were noticed on the old agricultural lands. Six snakes with radio telemetry devices implanted in them were released and tracked to monitor their movements. The study took place over one smruner, the batteries went dead just before hibernation. The female sex seemed to stay ncar the release site where the males tended to wander over a large area. John believes this has been be a successful project and has demonstrated that the animals need a large area to be introduced into.

Deahan D. Wright and John Probst spoke on distribution patterns of turtles on the St. Croix river. This work was a comprehensive multi-scale resource study. The object was to document species; distribution patterns of abundance, composition, age structure and sex ratios; and to relate that to characteristics of the habitat. Many species were found and some were surprisingly absent.

The animals caught were weighed, measured and marked.

Transects of the river along with the bottom condition, vegetation, and water speed were also noted. This study will continue this year.

John Levell presented a report on the Unimin-Kasota Prairie site. This site, which seems to be close to its original condition, is owned by a large mining corporation and was protected out of public concern for the environment by the cOIrununity in cooperation with Unimin. The site was used for grazing and the mining. company removes silica sand from adjacent lands. The Society was invited to perform a survey of the site and report to the company. Fourteen species of herps were found on the property in several field trips perfonned last year. Several animals tbat should be there were not found so more work there may be needed.

Delvin Jones and John Moriarty related to the audience the history of tbe Minnesota Herpetological Society and herpetology in Minnesota. Our speakers started at the beginnings of Herpetology in our area with a small notation about" .. a snake as big around as a mans thigh ..." written by Father Hennepin and went through to the herpetological society we enjoy today. Many people who contributed to the study of the herpetofauna of the state such as Walter Breckenridge were mentioned. These studies ranged from distribution to ecology. The MHS has participated in some studies as well. Other special studies have been perfonned by the members of the society and has led some members to author books.

Members of the society have also volunteered to perfonn many tasks such as the enonnous one of cataloging and organizing the Bell Museum's collection of preserved specimens.

Lastly, John Moriarty presented the results of the pilot program of Minnesota's Frog and Toad Survey. John has gotten together a group of volunteers and fonned a plan based upon that of Wisconsin's Survey. There are three periods in the timetable when a volunteer runs a route.

This is to insure the volunteers will be in tbe field when a particular species is calling. Currently there are 32 routes in 22 counties. This process helps identify county records but is not effective in finding rare species, it also tells little about reproduction. For the future a different approach may be taken to help get more infonnation. The Department of Natural Resources will analyze the data along witb the Herp Society.

Judy Helgen and Mark Gerdes told a story of frogs and environmental contamination. In 1993 a report of numerous mutated frogs had been reported near Granite Falls, MN. Multiple sources for possible contamination were found from local private sewers systems, a coal plant, and a salvage operation of PCB transfonners all effected by the high water levels from the recent past. The scenario was very complicated and no one source could be identified as the problem. Data was taken on the animals and the contaminates in their ecosystem and compared to another site. The samples were found to contain about the same level of contamination. The eggs masses found had less hatching success and more defonnities. This is not a very reliable test as no ground work has been completed to compare the data to. No more of these abnonnal animals have been reported since the outbreak.

Plains Reptile

Carol Dorff reported on the Minnesota County Biological Survey, specifically herps. The project's intent is to map out unique native cOIrununities and rare fonns. Ecologists look for high quality natural habitat on aerial photographs. The sites thus identified were closely surveyed. The object of the searches was to find rare species, new county records and to characterize habitat

P.O. Box 5616

11

Fargo, ND 56105

(701) 235-7263

MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Letters to the Editor Comments Regarding Iguanas

help pet st?res overcome this problem, and offer my assIstance II1 any way needed. I would be happy to have myself and my staff at our clinic, All About Pets, assist any MHS members with medical advice. The phone number for the clinic is (612) 546-4452.

I found it important to write regarding Mr. Hoffer's article in the last issue of the MHS Newsletter (Editors Note: Vol. XV No.5). While his infonnation on housing, heating and lighting were very accurate, I am concerned about his recommendations on proper feeding.

Through much recent research in Iguana nutrition we now know that even juvenile Iguanas are almost completely vegetarian. Crickets should not be fed to any Iguanas as they are too high in protein and phosphorus and too low in calcium. It is also now well documented that monkey chow, especially new world, is actually to high in Vitamin D3 for Iguanas. These levels actually cause calcium excesses in the Iguana which lead to tissue mineralization of the heart, kidneys and other vital organs.

The result is premature death at an average age of 4-6 years. This is now the second most common disease I see in Iguanas (next to calcium deficiencies). A diet of 25% monkey chow as Mr. Hoffer suggests will almost certainly lead to this problem. We recommend no more than 1-5% ofiguana diets be comprised of protein Sources such as monkey chow and dog food. Many cOImnercial Iguana diets are also very high in protein and should be used with caution. A proper diet for all ages should be comprised of 3040% mixed greens, 20-35% mixed vegetables and 10-20% fruit. An excellent refel~nce regarding nutrition is the Green Iguana Manual by Philippe De Vosjoli, which can be found at most retail pet stores. This reference explains in detail which types of fruits and vegetables are safe even in excess, and which need to be limited. It also has an excellent section on proper vitamin and mineral supplementation.

I would also like to point out that twitching toes and legs in Iguanas is more often a sign of deficiencies in calcium than Vitamin B. A simple test to perform at home involves pinching your Iguana's toes. If they tWItch after pinching, it is an accurate sign of early calcium deficiency.

Lastly, I was disappointcd that he made no reference to adviSing Iguana owners to seek veterinary medical services for their pets. An annual exam, blood tests and fecal sample should be done. Also, new treatments exist for calcium deficiencies which speed the recovery period by many montilS. Very few Iguanas will successfully recover from metabolic bone disease secondary to calcium deficiency with only mineral supplementation and UV light at home.

I do not in any way mean to demean Mr. Hoffer's experience and knowledge. Rather I wish to congratulate him on being a leader in the pet industry in pmper client education. I only want to point out that there are still many misconceptions about proper care and, unfortunately, not enough effective ways of sharing the newest infonnation available. A full 90% of the Iguanas I see would not be ill if the clients had been properly educated prior to purchase. I hope the MHS continues to

Sincerely, Teri Schweiss, DVM. Dr. Schweiss' comments regarding Iguanas and her kind offer of assistance are most sillcerely appreCiated. Her letter, as well as Mike Hoffer's article help demonstrate the needfor good information on not ollly the proper nutritional requirements ~f Iguanas, but for other herbivorous reptiles as well. An additional reference on the subject which may prove of interest is The Nutrition of Herbivorous Reptiles by David J. Baer,. which is included in tile recent SSAR publication; Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles.

JPL

New Look Newsletter A few comments from a MHS member in another part of the world.

I would like to point out that I was quite impressed with tbe "new" look of the MHS Newsletter. The fonnat is professional and the font consistency is a welcome improvement. I think John is definitely off to a great start and deserves to be commended for a job well done. I believe we can only expect good things to come in future issues.

I would also like to thank several MHS members who aided me in an unsuccessful search for a handful of Smooth Green Snakes, Opheodrys vernalis. Jeff leClere, John Meltzer, and Eric Thiss spent a great deal of time on the phone with me in an attempt to track down these elusive little beasties. The Newsletter also ran an ad for me at no cost. I would like to extend my gratitude to evelyone concerned and offer my services (whatever they may be) to anyone in need of similar assistance.

The herping is fabulous here in Alabama. So far this year I've found three species of Nerodia, two species of Lampropeltis, two species of Elaplle, two species of Agkistrodoll, frve different skinks, five different species of turtles, numerous salamanders of several families (including the endemic Phaeognathus hubrichti) and ten different species of anurans (including the Pine Barrens Treefrog). Happy Herping to All. Sincerely, Paul Butlenhoff Dept. of Zoology, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn Univ., AL 36849. butlepa@mail.aubum.edu Thanksfor the kind words PaUl, now about that $50 I promised you.............

JPL

12

MHS Newsleller Volume XV Number 5

CALENDAR OF EVENTS July 9, 1995 Minneapolis Reptile Swap and Sale. 9am to 5pm. Apache Plaza, corner of 37th Ave. NE and Silver Lake Rd., Mpls, MN. Admission $3, tables $10 prepaid or $15 at the door. For more info Contact: The Lizard OfOl (612) 767-2267.

Aug. 8-13, 1995 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Annual Meeting. Boone, NC. Contact: Dr. Wayne Van Devender, Dept. of Bioi., Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC 28608 (704) 262-2665.

Aug. 13, 1995 Minneapolis Reptile Swap and Sale. 9am to 5pm. Apache Plaza, corner of 37th Ave. NE and Silver Lake Rd., Mpls, MN. Admission $3, tables $10 prepaid or $15 at the door. For more info Contact: The Lizard of Oz (612) 767-2267.

Aug. 19, 1995 Annual MHS Picnic. 9am - 9pm. Locke Park, 7100 University Ave., Fridley, MN. For further information Contact: Randy Blasus (612) 925-4237.

Aug. 19-20, 1995 National Reptile Breeders' Expo. Twin Towers Hotel & Convention Center.

Orlando, FL. Contact: Wayne Hill, P.O. Box 3277, Winter Haven, FL 33885 (813) 294-2235.

Sept. 10, 1995 Minneapolis Reptile Swap and Sale. 9am to 5pm. Apache Plaza, corner of 37th Ave. NE and Silver Lake Rd., Mpls, MN. Admission $3, tables $10 prepaid or $15 at the door. For more info Contact: The Lizard of Oz (612) 767-2267.

Sept. 16-17, 1995 Mid-Atlantic Reptile Show. Baltimore, MD. Contact: Tim Hoen, c/o Maryland Herp. Soc., 2643 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-4590 (410) 557-6879 or 235-6116.

Oct. 20-22, 1995 Midwest Herpetological Symposium. Clarion Hotel O'Hare. Rosemont, IL. Contact: Chicago Herp. Soc. - Midwest Symposium, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, IL 60614 (312) 281-1800.

NEW BOOK ANNOUNCEMENT! Eric & Kathy Thlss & John Levell Zoo Book Sales a dhision of Serpent's Tale 464 Second Street, Excelsior, MN 55331 U.S.A. Tel. 612·470·8733 Fax 612·470·5013

* At last, a comprehensive listing of laws, rules and regnlations by the Federal Government and all 50 States regarding both reptiles and amphibians. * An essential reference for researchers, pet shops, hobbyists, collectors, animal dealers and law enforcement personnel.

• C.I.T.E.S. and the U.S. Endangered Species Act explained.

• 50 State listings of endangered, threatened and protected species.

• 50 State listings of collecting and possession regulations, rules regarding exotic species, permit application procedures and more!

• Ask John for a personally autographed copy! * 240 pages, perfect bound 8.5 x 11 inches list $29.95, MHS member price $25.00 *Visa, Mastercard, personal ch«ks and money orders accepted.

Purchase orders accepted from r.x:ognized institutions. Prices postpaid in the US & Canada. For delivery by fU5t class mail add $2.00 per title. In\emation.ai orders add $2.00 per book or inquire for air mail pricing. Minnewta residents add $1.62 per copy sales la" Questions? Call or Vonte for more details!

13

MHS Newsletter Voillme XV Number 6

MHS BUSINESS Treasurer's Report

June Board Meeting Highlights

By Randy Blasus, Recording Secretary

Prepared by Marilyn Brooks, MRS Treasurer

The monthly meeting of the MRS Board of Directors was conducted on June 3rd at the Rea's cabin. A quorum was present. The board took the following action:

Beginning Checkbook Balance: Income: Membership Raffle Sales Donation Library Fines Other Total Income:

A letter was sent to Gordon Murdock thanking him for the Bell Museum's help witb the symposium.

Pet Fair results are in; we made $277, which is comparable to last year.

The beep survey of the Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge in South Dakota went well. Park personnel were given tips to continue beep surveys. Nine species were found.

265.00 34.75 566.36 23.80 889.91

Expense: Newsletter Misc PrintJPost Program Library Books Supplies Refreshments Other Total Expense:

White Pages are out, and a savings of $150 (50% of last year's cost) was realized.

Discussion on the over abundance of Green Iguanas.

The board discussed MRS involvement in the upcoming swap. It was decided that a conservative approach be taken until more is known about the operation.

Net Income:

Pre<;ented and accepted were Treasurers Report, Membership Report, and Board Meeting Minutes.

271.00 28.00 6.85 416.93 722.78 167.13

Ending Cbeckbook Balance:

2,874.73

Dedicated Funds: Funds Available:

1,730.00 1,144.73 CAGES SUPPLIES

REPTILES AMPHIBIANS

June Raffle Donors Ken Roeye MRS

:'2,707.60

Magazines, frog figurines T-shirts, button, vitamins

Revenue generated by raffle ticket sales help finance a variety of society functions, including the MRS Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Fund.

Congratulations to all the winners, and thanks to everyone wbo donated items and/or purchased raffle tickets.

COLD PETS ,-,/ FOR COOL PEOPLE 12601 Chowen Ave. So. Burnsville. MN

June "Critter of the Month"

(612) 894路2305

For Sale or Petting Zoos Parties or Promotions

Ken Roeye

Florida Blue-striped Garter Snake Thamnop/Zis sir/alis similis Derek Ulvenes Desert Kingsnakes Lampropeltis getula splendida Beau Larson Smooth Green Snake Op/zeodrys vernalis Greg Kvanbeck Western Fox Snake Elap/ze vulpina vulpina Jarnie Phillips "Ash gray" Red-tailed Boa Boa constrictor

ANIMALS OF WALTON'S HOLLOW Exotic & Farm Animals Bill & Jean Walton 5425 Peterson Road White Bear Lake, MN 55127-6713 (612)426-8163

14

MHS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

Classified Ads 1.0.0 =male, 0.1.0 = female, 0.0.1 = unsexed c.b. =captive bred, o.b.o. =or best offer GREAT V ALLEY SERPENTARIUM, a private museum and breeding facility offering a wide selection of c.b. colubrids, boids and lizards. Open to the public. Write or fax for free price-list. Great Valley Serpentarium, 2379 Maggio Circle, Unit C Lodi, CA 95240, (209) 369-7737, Fax (209) 3697737.

For Sale 0.0.2 Annadillo Lizards. $25 for both. Call Dean (612) 566-9004.

Beautiful solid oak display cage, 4x4 ft., must see $200. Also 8 ft. display cage $150. Call Mark (715) 262-3158.

Wanted

HERP CLASSIFIED (fonnerly Fauna Classifieds).

Monthly classified for herpetofauna, food, supplies, literature, societies, much more ....Excellent

All the Shed Snake Skins in the World, Always, to use at hands-on programs to give to kids. Bob Duerr (612) 541-0362.

information source, worldwide circulation, publ. since 1983. Send .32 stamp for sample. $14/year, $26/2

Herp related news clippings, original articles, artwork, cartoons, etc. for publication in the MHS Newsletter. Authors and artists will receive compensation in the fonn of volunteer hrs, good towards one "priceless" MHS coffee mug. Send submissions to: MN Herp. Soc.! Editor, clo Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0104.

years, 1st class. MCNisa. Great Valley Serpentarium, 2379 Maggio Circle, Unit C Lodi, CA 95240, (209) 369-7737, Fax (209) 369-7737.

1.1.0 Colombian Boas, adult $150 ea. 1.1.0 albino corns $35 ea. 1.1.0 Bunnese Pythons best offer.

Call Mark (715) 262-3158.

African Spuned Tortoises (suleata), variety of sizes.

Also Leopard Tortoises, c.b. hatchlings to adults.

Call Mark Domaka (612) 822-7996.

Looking for current & back issues of herp related magazines, symposia, journals & newsletters from around the world: U.S., England, Europe, Australia, Africa, etc. Call Joel (814) 724-8351, PA.

HATCHLING BURMESE PYTHONS, c.b. 1995. $65 ea. Call Bill (612) 488- 1383

Miscellaneous

1995 HERPETOLOGICAL DIRECTORY. Valuable info source containing private & commercial breeders, wholesalers, foreign exporters, USlforeign societies, food sources, supplies, publications, more ..... $15.

MCNisa. Great Valley Serpentarium, 2379 Maggio Circle, Unit C Lodi, CA 95240, (209) 369-7737, Fax (209) 369-7737.

BREEDING INVENTORY SURVEY: Everyone keeping live reptiles and amphibians is asked to contribute to this annual report. Please submit the following info current Jan. 1st of each year: (I) Inventory of collection, list numbers and sex, (2) list of all species bred during the previous year, (3) any longevity records, (4) please print clearly; your name, address and telephone number as you want them listed, (5) please do respond. Send info to: Frank Slavens, P.O. Box 30744, Seattle, WA 98103. Fax: (206) 546-2912.

Solomon Island Boas, Candoia eal'inata paulsoni, c.b. subadu\ts, feeding well on dead mice, $75-175.

Neonates born 114/95. Call Steph Porter (612) 6902589.

Hatchling Speckled Kingsnakes $20. Black Rat Snakes $12. Call D.K. Compton (612) 872-7266, days and weekends.

SPECIAL NOTICE: Several "orphaned" Green Iguanas are as yet unadapted and in need of good homes. These animals are of valious sizes, disposition, and physical condition, and may be adopted by any MHS member including those from out of state. Shipping charges may apply. If you are willing and able to provide care for a homeless Iguana or Iguanas please contact Glen Jacobsen at (612) 757-8268.

"Animal TRACKS" since 1986 - Complete animal management software for managing personal animal collections or field notes for herpslbird,/mammals.

IBM compatible. Full program S100. Working demo $10, deductible with purchase. For info or to order contact: Frank Slavens, P.O. Box 30744, Seattle, W A 98103, (206) 542-6751, fax (206) 5462912.

15

lY!HS Newsletter Volume XV Number 6

MHS Rodent Sales

MHS Merchandise

Mice: pinkies $6.00 dozen fuzzies S6.00 dozen adults $9.00 dozen

MHS offers an assortment or herp related sales items including; books, magazine;.." posters, t-shirts, notecards, buttons, stickers, decals, and patches.

Look for the merchandisc sales area at the far right side of the meeting room. Transactions can be handled before the meeting, during the break, or after the meeting as time pennits. Selected items also available for purchase by mail order (see below).

Rats:

pups adults

S10.00 dozen $12.00 six $24.00 dozen

For pickup at monthly meetings only. Orders must be placed at least one week in advance of date of meeting at which frozen rodents are to be delivered.

Place orders with Terry Scheiber (6 I 2) 440-7482.

MHS Painted Turtle Logo (blue on white)

WE HAVE A GREAT SELECTION OF CAPTIVE BRED HERPS.

stickers, decals, and patches $ 1.50 each poslpaid

CALL FORA COMPLETE LISTING!

Treefrog Notecards

JOHN & RUTH MELTZER (612) 263-7880

RPENT'S TALE NATURAL HISTORY BOOK DISTRIBUTORS

ERIC THISS (612) 470-5008 FAX (612) 470-5013

464 SeGond Street. Excelsior, MN 55331

• RepIHes - Amphibians -Invertebrates - Sma!! Mammals - Fish· Birds· Complete Une of Cages, Food, Books & Supplies for ALL Animals

(above design on light green stock) $3.00 per package postpaid

&

All proceeds from MHS rodent and merchandise sales go toward the operating costs of the society such as; speaker fees, library purchases, charitable donations, etc.

The MHS is a completely volunteer rUIl, non-profit organization.

2363 University Ave. W, SI. Paul, MN 55114 (612) 647-4479

16

CLASSIFIED AD INSTRUCTIONS: Ads are run as a free service to paid members.

MHS takes NO responsibility for legality or health of animal advertised here. Ads maybe run for three consecutive months at which time ads may be re-submitted. The editor reserves the right to omit ads when space is limited so as to allow all members a chance to advertise. Size of ad is limited to four (4) typed lines or one (1) standard size business card. DEADLINE for all newsletter items is one week before the general meeting.

NON MEMBER & EXPANDED SIZE ADS: Line ads:$.l0 per word.

Business Cards: $5.00 per month.

One month only Three or more months Quarter page ads: $10.00 per month $7.50 per month Half page ads: $20.00 per month $15.00 per month Full page ads: $40.00 per month $25.00 per month

Six or more months $5.00 per month $10.00 per month $15.00 per month

Send all newsletter items to: Minnesota Herpetological Society Newsletter Editor, Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

MEMBERSHIP AND T-SHIRT ORDER FORM MINNESOTA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY NAME(S) ________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS ___________________________________________________________________ CITY ____________________________ PHONE ____________________________

STATE ________

ZIP CODE

LIST IN MHS DIRECTORY?

YES

NO ____

DATE OF BIRTH ____________

DRIVER LIC #

HERPRELATEDINTERESTS: _________________________________________________________

TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP? MEMBERSHIP LEVEL?

NEW _ _ RENEWAL ___ _ _SUSTAINING ..... $60.00

-----INSTITUTION .... $25.00

_ _ CONTRIBUTING ..... $30.00

___~BASIC .... $15.00

A"e you currently (or will be ) a University of Minnesota student? _ _(check if yes) HOW DID YOU HEAR OF MHS? _____________________________________

NewDesign Bull Snal<e T-Shirts ($14.00 each includes postage) SMALL__

Indicate how many of each size

MEDIUM__

LARGE___

X-LARGE__ XX-LARGE__

Please enclose payment. MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: Minnesota Herpetological Society. Membership is for 12 months from date of joining. A receipt will be sent only on request. Allow 6-8 weeks for processing. MAIL TO: Minnesota Herpetological Society. Bell Museum or Natural History, 10 Church Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0104

MINNESOTA

Non路Profit Rate U. S. Postage

PAID

HERPETOLOGICAL

Mpls. MN Pennil No. 2275

SOCIETY BELL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 10 CHURCH STREET S. E. MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455路0104

ADDRESS CORREGnON REQUESTED

+

+ 1174 12/99 G

Attn: MHS Recording Secretary 3224 Idaho Avenue S St. Louis Park, MN 55426

+

+ DELIVER BY JUNE 28, 1995