Vol. 27 (2007), No. 3

t he n e w sl e t t e r o f t he

minnesota herpetological society

WEB VERSION

Information edited/removed to respect privacy concerns.

March Meeting: White Snake Sale!

MA R C H 2 00 7

V OLUME 27

NUMBER 3

President Bruce Haig

Board of Directors

BELL MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY, 10 CHURCH STREET SOUTHEAST, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55455-0104

Vice President Jennifer Hensley

Recording S ecretary Ellen Heck

Membership Secretary George Richard

V O I C E M A I L : 612.624.7065 • M H S W E B P A G E : HTTP :// WWW. MNHERPSOC . ORG M H S G R O U P E M A I L : H T T P :// W W W. G R O U P S . YA H O O . C O M / G R O U P / M N H E R P S O C

Treasurer Nancy Haig

March 2007

Newsletter Editor Asra Halvorson Members at Large Todd Turner

• of • •

David Dewitt

Carmelita Knudson

Education Jan Larson

Library Tim Banovitz

Webmaster Anke Reinders

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The Purpose of the Minnesota Herpetological Society is to:

Sarah Richard

Adoption Sarah Richard

The Minnesota H er pet ol og i ca l S o c i e t y

Committees

Further the education of the membership and the general public in care and captive propagation reptiles and amphibians; Educate the members and the general public in the ecological role of reptiles and amphibians; Promote the study and conservation of reptiles and amphibians.

The Minnesota Herpetological Society is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization. Membership is open to all individuals with an interest in amphibians and reptiles. The Minnesota Herpetological Society Newsletter is published monthly to provide its members with information concerning the society’s activities and a media for exchanging information, opinions and resources.

General Meetings are held at Borlaug Hall, Room 335 on the St. Paul Campus of the University of Minnesota, on the first Friday of each month (unless there is a holiday conflict). The meeting starts at 7:00pm and lasts about three hours. Please check the MHS Voice mail for changes in schedules or cancellations.

Submissions to the Newsletter Ads or Notices must be submitted no later than the night of the General Meeting to be included in the next issue. Longer articles will be printed as time and space allows and should be in electronic file format if possible. See inside back cover for ad rates.

Submissions may be sent to: The Minnesota Herpetological Society Attn: Newsletter Editor Bell Museum of Natural History 10 Church St. SE. Minneapolis, MN 55455.0104

Copyright 2007, Minnesota Herpetological Society. Except where noted, contents may be reproduced for non-profit, noncommercial use only. All material must be reproduced without change. Proper credit will be given including the author/photographer and the MHS Newsletter citing: volume, number and date.

The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

Mammography gives inside look at mammals and an ailing salamander

Los Angeles Times - Jan. 28, 2007

The slippery little salamander lying on the mammography machine was oblivious to the way the device had once been used.

With equipment that had checked thousands of women for breast cancer, Brookfield Zoo veterinarians produced an intricate look at Tony the tiger salamander's innards. The critter recently had an infection in his right rear foot severe enough that doctors had to amputate the tip of his toe.

St. James Hospital and Health Centers in Olympia Fields, Ill., donated the mammography unit to the suburban zoo last fall as the medical facility upgraded to digital technology.

Hospital officials estimate that in nine years of use, the machine produced mammograms for more than 40,000 women.

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Recently, veterinarians and keepers rolled an anesthetized gray kangaroo on a gurney up to the machine and slid him forward to take a radiograph of his snout. The kangaroo -- a 6-year-old, 140-pound male named Perry -- had an infection of the upper jaw near the incisors. Two weeks earlier, veterinarians had sutured acrylic beads that release locally targeted antibiotics into Perry's mouth. They wanted to see if the procedure was working.

"It looks better, which is good news, because a jaw can really be a problem with a kangaroo," said Dr. Michelle Davis, a veterinary resident, as she flipped up the woozy marsupial's lips and looked at its gums after checking the radiograph.

The machine produces highly detailed images of bone, muscle, tissue and organs, which aid in making more accurate diagnoses while exposing the patient to less and more narrowly targeted radiation.

In the last four months, the zoo has used it on birds, lizards, a bat, a shrew, a hedgehog, a seahorse and even a tarantula.

"The level of detail you get with those bones is unlike anything you get with an ordinary X-ray," said Dr. Tom Meehan, the Chicago Zoological Society's director of veterinary services.

The machine even works with larger animals, as long as the part of the critter that needs to be examined can fit on a plastic platform about the size of a sheet of paper.

http://www.therapeuticsdaily.com/news/article.cfm?contentV alue=1220408&contentType=sentryarticle&channelID=30

"We deal with so many little guys that it's really beneficial to see what's going on in their tiny little bodies," said Michelle Soszynski, the animal hospital's senior keeper.

Although humans aren't the only mammals that can develop breast cancer, anatomical differences make it unlikely the machine could be used to produce an animal mammogram, he said.

Feeling tired?

Get a snake massage

Reuters, Israel, January 30, 2007

Hold the Dead Sea salts and tea-tree oil.

An Israeli health and beauty spa has introduced a new treatment to its menusnake massage.

For 300 shekels ($70), clients at Ada Barak's spa in northern Israel can add a wild twist to their treatment by having six non-venomous but very lively serpents slither and hiss a path across their aching muscles and stiff joints.

"I'm actually afraid of snakes, but the therapeutic effects are really good," customer Liz Cohen told Reuters Television as Barak let the snakes loose on her body.

Barak uses California and Florida king snakes, corn snakes and milk snakes in her treatments, which she said were inspired by her belief that once people get over any initial misgivings, they find physical contact with the creatures to be soothing. http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/ 7242_1915643,00180007.htm

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The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

March 2007

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Number 3

News, Notes, & Announcements February Adoption Report

Reminder-March Meeting is the 2007 Herp Photo & Art Contest!

By Sarah Richard, Adoption Chair

This is your chance to showcase your best herp-related work! The winner’s work will be used as the cover for the MHS’s annual White Pages.

We had a wonderful month for Adoptions. Nary an Iguana in sight and as a matter of fact only 2 "hard to place" animals came in. With 10 animals up for adoption we had some tough choices as a lot of people really wanted the Brazilian. All the animals went to great homes and I want to thank everyone who put in applications. I would especially like to thank the people who stepped up afterwards to take home the Red Eareds. A large part of our program depends on finding homes for the difficult to place animals. By the way, if anyone has any ideas about what to do with those guys (do NOT say soup) I would love to explore options. It appears that they are going to be the issue for the next few years.

• All items need to show herps or be herp related.

• Photos/art need to be matted & easy to hang by tape • Prints should be between 5x7 and 11x14 - no larger • Names should be on the back of items

• Only 1-5 pieces per person per category

Same categories as last year: 1. Professional Photographers 2. Amateur Photographers 3. Kids submissions (12 and under) 4. Mixed Media (anything else, including digitally modified photographs)

Please give all submissions to Dave DeWitt at the February meeting or the night of the March meeting. Have fun!

“Calling All Books, Calling all Books!”

There are a large number of overdue books from the MHS library that need to come home. Some of these have been gone for a long time so we are waiving any library fines for the next two months to encourage returns. The last person on the checkout card will be notified by mail as to which books they were responsible for. Books can be returned at the March meeting but the library will be closed for the White Snake Sale.

Wanted!

Small Item Salesperson for the monthly MHS general meeting. If you’re interested, please contact a board member!

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C_________ Cover photo ©Jeff LeClere )

Following is the list: 2.2.0 Bearded Dragons.

An Ornate Water Turtle and some sort of Map Turtle.

2 Red Eared Sliders A Brazilian Rainbow Boa and a Ball Python.

Do You Sew?

The MHS is in need of a person willing to do a custom order of snake bags.

If you are a sewer or know of someone who sews professionally, please contact Bruce Haig.

The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

February Speaker Review

by Ellen Heck, Recording Secretary

This month’s speaker was Matt Martin, co-founder of Monster Cages. Matt bred and kept large snakes for a number of years, including Burmese pythons, boas, anacondas and reticulated pythons. As anyone who keeps these snakes knows, they are big, strong and very much prone to breaking out of any cage not up to containing them.

Approximately 4 years ago he and his partner Ed Jenkinson started building cages themselves. They stared taking orders from others, and about 3 years ago Monster cages was born.

The cages are constructed from a type of plastic – polypropylene. Matt said this is 2 to 3 times stronger than other plastics like PVC and less brittle than plexi-glass. He also feels it is less likely over the years to bleed gases. It is a nearly impervious surface, FDA-approved for the food industry. As Matt put it “Nothing sticks to it”.

Unfortunately, this includes paint, so the cages cannot be painted. The poly comes in several standard colors, including gray\blue, green, yellow, white, black, opaque and gray.

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Research Grant Recipients

One of the purposes of the MHS is to promote the study and conservation of reptiles and amphibians.

The MHS Board of Directors has approved a budget of $2000 for the 2007 grant program. Receiving the first two $500.00 grants are:

Beth Ann Pettitt, Acoustic communication & parental care in two neotropical frog species (Guyana, South America) Anne Readel, Effects of habitat degradation on the health and spatial distribution of aquatic turtles.

(Central & Southern Illinois, USA) Congratulations, we look forward to hearing about your results!

The pieces are cut out, the welded together rather than glued. This produces a much stronger seam that is also water-tight. The welds are made at 380°-420° F. The plastic itself melts at 525°-550° F.

Doors are made of high quality plexi, with a 1/8” gap around the door for ventilation. Other venting holes can be drilled with an ordinary wood bit. Modified I-beam or Cchannel is used for lighting tracks and to keep cords out of the way.

Monster Cages also does rack systems.

Matt is experimenting with several layers of corrugated ploy layered together for the sides and shelves. This makes the system light-weight and strong. Heat tape is built in at the back of the unit. www.monster-cages.com

2 for 1 or half price sale!

-~-

Blowout sale on MHS Items during the March meeting

only! This will include bandanas, shirts and nightlights as well as some surprise items from the archives.

What a deal!

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The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

Snake Bites the Toxic Toad That Feeds It-and Spreads Its Poison

By JR Minkel

It sounds like something straight out of a video game: A snake collects toxin by biting a poisonous toad and uses that venom as a defense against hawks and other predators. But that is exactly what researchers say the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus does, based on studies of glandular fluid from hatchlings and adult snakes on two Japanese islands.

Some R. tigrinus snakes carry toxins called bufadienolides in their nuchal glands, sacks located under a ridge of skin along their upper necks. When threatened, they arch their necks, exposing the poisonous ridge to an antagonist. The clawing and biting of hawks and other predators most likely rips the skin and lets the poison ooze out, potentially blinding the snake's attackers, says herpetologist Deborah Hutchinson of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va. "It might not kill the predator but it would be noxious enough to deter predation," she says.

A few years ago, based on the snakes' defensive habits on different islands, Japanese researchers proposed that R. tigrinus may acquire its toxin from toads. Acquiring poison secondhand is not unheard of. The monarch butterfly is famous for harvesting its defensive poison from the milkweed plant, and certain brightly colored poisonous frogs collect their toxin from bugs, but Hutchinson says such cases in vertebrates are rare.

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To find out if toads are indeed the source of the snake venom, Hutchinson and her colleagues raised R. tigrinus hatchlings on a diet of toads or fish. Most of the young snakes contained little or no poison in their nuchal glands at birth. They quickly accumulated toxin, however, after just days of feeding on poisonous Bufo quercicus toads, the researchers report in a paper published online January 29 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.

The finding fits with the group's other principal observation: snakes living on the toad-free island of Kinkazan contain no bufadienolides in their nuchal glands, while those on the toad haven of Ishima are rich in poison.

Hutchinson says the snakes may have a hard time evolving a more sophisticated way of secreting their toxin. The nuchal glands come from a different embryonic layer than other vertebrate skin glands, which typically synthesize their own fluids and have ducts for emitting it, she says.

The snakes, though, don't seem to be complaining about their peculiar glands. "They work pretty well for the snakes as they are," she says.

Minkel, JR. “Snake Bites the Toxic Toad That Feeds It--and Spreads Its Poison�. Scientific American online. 29 January 2007. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID =6FD96483-E7F2-99DF-3C8A12ACF6BB25D8

The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

Invitation to Attend the 6th International Zoo and Wildlife Research Conference on Behavior, Physiology, and Genetics

Dear Colleague: On behalf of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) we wish to extend a cordial invitation to you to participate in the “6th International Zoo and Wildlife Research Conference on Behavior, Physiology and Genetics�, between 7th and 10th October 2007.

The Conference will be held in Berlin, Germany.

Aim: To foster an exchange of ideas among international specialists from many disciplines working with free-ranging and captive animals. To achieve this aim we have secured an impressive list of plenary speakers and workshop organizers.

Main topics: 1. Behavioral ecology 2. Stress & disturbance 3. Reproduction biology 4. Conservation genetics 5. Management of zoo, captive and small populations Workshops: 1. Nutrition and energetics 2. Conservation genetics 3. Communication in mammals 4. Animal welfare and conservation 5. Behavioral rhythms

We are expecting a stimulating program with many interesting scientific presentations supplemented by an entertaining, yet informative, evening program.

Call for Papers: Abstract deadline: 30th April 2007

Contributions from all fields of behaviour, ecology, physiology and genetics are welcome.

There will be three different forms of presentations: (1) oral contributions during the main conference program; (2) oral contributions during workshops; (3) posters.

Language: The conference will be conducted in English, thus all contributions will be in English.

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Oral Presentations: These will consist of a 10-minute presentation followed by 5 minutes discussion. Oral presentations will be allocated to the main conference program or to a specialist workshop.

Guidelines for the preparation of abstracts: Abstracts should briefly outline the aim of the study and methods applied, and present the main findings and principal conclusions. Abstracts must be in English.

The deadline for submission of abstracts is 30th April 2007.

Abstracts should be submitted electronically.

Please remember to include the correct e-mail address for correspondence concerning the submission and whether your preference is for an oral or poster presentation.

Presentations with more than one author should remember to indicate the name of the presenting author. Abstracts should not exceed 400 words (excluding title, authors names, and address). Please ensure that your abstract conforms to the following guidelines. Word file: Title in 11pt bold Times New Roman. Authors in capital 11 pt Times New Roman letters not in bold, include full first given names. Institution name, address and E-mail address for corresponding author normal script in 11 pt. The text should be continuous in 11 pt Times New Roman with left 2 cm margins and exact 12pt line spacing.

Acceptance of submitted papers: All abstracts sent by 30th April 2007 will be reviewed by the conference scientific committee. Authors will receive notification by 30th June 2007, confirming whether their paper(s) have been accepted for a poster or oral presentation.

Guidelines for the preparation of posters: Posters will be fixed on poster board and should not exeed 84 cm (width) x 130 cm (height).

Details about the conference will be available on the IZW website: http://www.izw-berlin.de/de/izw-symposium.html We are looking forward to welcoming you at the conference.

Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer, Dr. Marion East, Dipl. Soz. Steven Seet (Organizing committee)

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The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

“Third Eye” of Lizard Sheds Light on Evolution of Color Vision

by Audrey Huang

Lizards have given Johns Hopkins researchers a tantalizing clue to the evolutionary origins of light-sensing cells in people and other species. Published in the March 17 issue of Science, their study describes how the side-blotched lizard’s so-called third, or parietal, eye distinguishes two different colors, blue and green, possibly to tell the time of day.

Specialized nerve cells in that eye, which looks more like a spot on the lizard’s forehead, us two types of molecular signals to sense light: Those found only in simpler animals, like scallops, and those found only in more complex animals, like humans.

Although the blue-green color comparison method used by the parietal eye is not one shared by humans, it does reveal one potential step in the evolution of color vision, the Johns Hopkins researchers say.

Human light reception cells responsible for color vision are called cone cells or photoreceptors, and they contain only one kind of pigment—red, green, or blue—per cell. A color image results when light-triggered signals in the three different types of cone cells are compared by other nerve cells in the retina as well as the brain.

The lizard’s parietal eye photoreceptors contain two pigments per cell, blue and green. Having two different pigments allows the cell to respond to two different colors of light and process that information within the same cell.

According to the researchers, when the lizard’s third eye sees blue light, the blue pigment triggers a molecule called gustducin, which is very similar to a molecule found in human photoreceptors as well as in the lizard’s lateral eyes—those on the sides of its head. But when the lizard’s third eye sees green light, the green pigment triggers a different molecule called Go, known as “G-other,” which also signals light responses in the light-sensing cells of the scallop and other creatures without a backbone. That Go is found in spineless creatures suggests it is the evolutionarily more ancient light-triggering signal.

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Although gustducin and Go are different molecules, they are similar and considered “related” proteins. However, gustducin and Go activate different molecular pathways that work against each other physiologically. Blue light and gust-

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ducin generate an “off” response in the nerve cell, while green light and Go generate an “on” response.

“It may seem strange to have two opposing signals in the same cell,” says the study’s senior author, King-Wai Yau, a professor in the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, “but the unique mechanism renders these parietal photoreceptors most active at dawn and dusk.”

“So incorporating two different pigments and two separate signaling molecules in one cell may have been an economical way, in a primitive eye with relatively few cell types, to tell the transitions of the day based on changes in the spectrum of sunlight,” continues Chih-Ying Su, the first author of the study and a former neuroscience graduate student at Johns Hopkins. The researchers propose that the lizard’s parietal eye photoreceptor cells—by sharing features found in human photoreceptors as well as those found in simpler organisms like the scallop—represent a “missing link” between the light-sensing apparatus in lower animals and ours.

Authors on the paper are Su, Dong-Gen Luo, His-Wen Liao and Yau, all of Johns Hopkins; Akihisa Terakita and Yoshinori Shichida, of Kyoto University; and Manija Kazmi and Thomas Sakmar, of Rockefeller University.

From Notes from NOAH, November 2006

Check out these organizations that need your support: International Iguana Foundation www.iguanafoundation.org

Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee www.tortoise-tracks.org The Nature Conservancy www.nature.org/minnesota

The Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society

Study Challenges Belief That Tree Frogs Depress Metabolic Rate After 'Waxing' Themselves

Science Daily — In a fascinating new study from the November/December 2006 issue of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, researchers from the University of Florida explore wiping behaviours in a tree frog that waxes itself, and test whether these frogs become dormant to conserve energy during dehydration.

Many amphibians have skin that offers little resistance to evaporative water loss. To compensate, these and some other arboreal frogs secrete lipids and then use an elaborate series of wiping motions to rub the waxy secretions over their entire bodies.

"This self-wiping is a complex behaviour involving the use of all four limbs to stroke or rub all dorsal and ventral body surfaces, including the limbs," explains Nadia A. Gomez (University of Florida, Gainesville) and her coauthors. They continue: "Thus, the animal is protected from dehydration, provided the external film of lipids is not physically disrupted by movements or other disturbance."

Tree frogs characteristically go into a resting posture after wiping themselves, tucking their limbs tightly against or beneath their body and closing their eyes. The researchers found that this series of actions following "waxing" allows tree frogs (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis) to limit rates of surface evaporation to as little as 4 percent of that from a free water surface in the same environment.

To examine the question of dormancy, the researchers found that waxed and inactive frogs had about the same metabolic rate as unwaxed, dehydrating frogs. This suggests that waxed frogs are not in a hibernation-like dormant state, as was previously thought.

(Some frogs, however, showed moderate reductions of metabolic rate as dehydration advanced, suggesting that they might become dormant during, for example, a prolonged drought.)

"Our data do not provide strong evidence that P. hypochondrialis routinely depress metabolic rates and enter a deep dormant state during quiescent behaviours following wiping," explain the authors. "Moreover, quiescent Phyllomedusa remain responsive to [the] presence of insects and eat readily."

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MHS Treasurer's Report

Prepared by Nancy Haig, Treasurer

For December 2006 Beginning Checkbook Balance: . . . . . . . . . . . 20,702.30

Income: Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.00 Library Fines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Raffle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.25 Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.00 Rodent Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.00 Hands Ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Banquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.00 Total Income: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,383.25 Expense:

Newsletter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.00 Misc. Printing and Postage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00 Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Hands-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Rodent Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Adoption Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 Voicemail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.08 Total Expense: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.08 Cash Increase/(Decrease): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878.17

Ending Checkbook Balance: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,580.47 Placement of Cash Holdings

Checking Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,580.47 Cash on Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,735.47 Treasurer’s Note: Expenses do not show all costs incurred in December.

Nadia A. Gomez, Michelle Acosta, Frederic Zaidan III, and Harvey B. Lillywhite. "Wiping Behavior, Skin Resistance, and the Metabolic Response to Dehydration in the Arboreal Frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79:6.

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G E T YOUR ME S SA GE TO Y O UR T AR GE T A UD I EN CE W I T H A 1 / 4 PA G E A D. $10 PER MONT H $ 1 10 P ER Y EA R *

*112th month is free on a one year commitment Advertising Policies

MHS AD RATES

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* Note: 12th month is free on a one year commitment

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MHS Ad Policy: The MHS assumes NO RESPONSIBILITY regarding the health or legality of any animal, or the quality or legality of any product or service advertised in the MHS Newsletter. Any ad may be rejected at the discretion of the Newsletter Editor. Due to space limitations, unpaid and complimentary advertisements are subject to occasional omission.

Classified Ads: All active members are allowed a classified ad, run free of charge as space permits. Ads may be run three consecutive months, after which time they may be resubmitted. Corresponding members are allowed a complimentary business card advertisement monthly as space permits. Due to federal restrictions on non-profit mailing permits, we are not allowed to run ads for travel, credit, or insurance agencies.

Submissions: All advertisements should be submitted to the MHS Editor, Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Deadline is the night of the General Meeting for inclusion in the next newsletter. Make checks payable to: Minnesota Herpetological Society.

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Please enclose the proper payment with your application. Make Checks Payable To: Minnesota Herpetological Society. Membership is for 12 months from the date of approval, a receipt will be sent only upon request. Mail to: Minnesota Herpetological Society, Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Please allow 6-8 weeks for processing.

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Next Meeting: Friday, March 2, 2007 7:00 PM Room 335 Borlaug Hall, U of M St. Paul Campus MHS Voice Mail: 612.624.7065

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