Minnesota racism then and now Updating the ongoing struggle
The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder just completed a six-part series exploring our state’s persistent racial disparities (The Minnesota Paradox). Addressing these disparities will require more of the persistent, collective effort that overcame slavery and Jim Crow. Since its inception, the state’s NAACP offices have collected data and received calls from groups and individuals detailing their experiences. It is through the NAACP that the MSR tells these stories of our struggles past and present.
By Vickie Evans-Nash Contributing Writer
ince African Americans began migrating mainly from the South to Minnesota as newly freed slaves, they have been fighting to obtain equal rights. That fight continues today through everyday people addressing racism and discrimination in their jobs, sharing the history of the struggle, and community activism.
Buster Cooper and Yousef Mgeni have been on the front lines for several years in St. Cloud and St. Paul respectively. Their work has made a lasting impact on the communities they served.
Mgeni and St. Paul Yusef Mgeni answered St. Paul NAACP’s emails and voicemails during his retirement. “Generally, [residents] contact us when they are at their wit’s end,” he says. “They are going to get evicted; their car is getting repossessed…
Your journey to financial wellness starts now
The MSR launches a new Personal Finance page
By Tiffany Johnson Contributing Writer
he New Year is finally here and it is the perfect time for goal-setting. While most resolutions become a distant dream by February, it doesn’t mean we can’t begin making incremental growth. And why not start with our money?
No one can promise you’ll be a millionaire by the end of the year, though one can always hope. But it is possible to lay the foundation for a life of financial health and prosperity. This year is about growth. According to the World Economic Forum, financial literacy in the U.S. hovers somewhere around 50%. The Personal Finance Index (P-Fin Index), an annual survey that measures competency in financial literacy — including areas of earning, consuming, investing, borrowing, and managing debt — reveals an even greater racial disparity. The P-Fin Index results show that Black Americans answered only 38% of the questions correctly compared to 55% of white adults. Among the survey’s other key findings:
• Men, older people, those with more formal education, and people with higher salaries are more financially literate in the community of African Americans than younger people.
• African Americans’ best score was in borrowing and managing debt.
• The least understood aspect of personal finance among African Americans is insurance, followed closely by understanding risk, investing, and recognizing reliable information sources.
• In 2019, before Covid-19 and its economic effects, African Americans were more likely than whites to lack financial resilience.
• Functional financial literacy saves people from rainy days and debts.
This study also emphasized the need for proper financial education to increase the literacy rate. Given the differences in financial literacy resources among African Americans outlined in research and the financial literacy gap between African Americans and whites, it is crucial for efforts to address the specific needs of our community. This is why the Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder is launch-
ing a Personal Finance page.
The page will serve the community by promoting financial literacy from the African American perspective, providing education, expert voices, and resources to help the community grow their dollar, make an intentional economic impact, and create generational wealth.
The wealth gap in America reveals the median wealth for a Black household is just more than $24,000 compared to $188,200 for white households. This inequality is a barrier to effectively managing, saving and investing.
The wealth gap in America reveals the median wealth for a Black household is just more than $24,000 compared to $188,200 for white households. This inequality is a barrier to effectively managing, saving and investing. Furthermore, without
■ See FINANCIAL PAGE on page 5
New Minneapolis sound rewrites the rules of hip hop
By Aria Binns-Zager Staff Writer
inneapolis’ vibrant music scene has long been a hub for innovation, and MAKR AN ERIS is the latest act to take it by storm. A powerhouse collaboration between veteran artists Sophia Eris and Mark McGee, the duo is rewriting the rules of hip hop with a sound that’s equal parts futuristic, rebellious, and undeniably fun. Their chemistry is palpable, creating music that speaks to a new generation of listeners while staying rooted in hip hop tradition.
But what truly sets them apart is their commitment to pushing boundaries — musically and socially — while staying rooted in the community they call home.
Sophia Eris, best known as the DJ for global superstar Lizzo, takes center stage as the lead vocalist in MAKR AN ERIS. With sharp rap verses and smooth melodies, Eris seamlessly complements McGee’s turbulent, experimental production. Their music is as much a call to action as it is an invitation to dance. “We throw a little chaos into the mix, but it’s all about pushing boundaries and having fun doing it,” Eris says.
Their journey as a duo has already resulted in two albums, including their critically acclaimed project ME 2. Now they’re gearing up for their next release, “Lilith,” an album that dives into themes of rebellion, feminism and empowerment. Inspired by the Biblical figure Lilith, known for her defiance and independence, the album features live drums and experimental sounds that take their artistry to the next level.
“I think ‘Lilith’ is way more aggressive, faster, more coherent. I think it truly is alternative hip hop. I feel like the other ones were more boom
bap-y; this one is alternative,” Eris says. “I feel like the range gets more experimental, more messy, noisy. And it definitely goes into ranges that we haven’t quite hit yet.”
a deep connection to Minneapolis’ music scene. She moved to the Twin Cities to pursue a degree in music business with a goal of helping artists succeed. “I get excited
“We’re tapping into new sounds and telling a
story, especially
powerful
from
perspective.”
a woman’s
“This album is an evolution,” Eris explains. “We’re tapping into new sounds and telling a powerful story, especially from a woman’s perspective. I’m pushing my voice to places I’ve never gone before. It’s fun, and I can’t wait to perform it live.”
McGee adds, “The BPM [beats per minute] is higher, the energy more in-your-face
— it’s got a riot vibe.”
Eris’ artistic journey reflects
when I see people’s gifts and when they’re true to their purpose,” she says. “If anyone has the courage to step up and share their gift, I’m going to cheer them on.”
That ethos of support has been a constant throughout her career. Eris has been instrumental in uplifting local artists and groups, including the Chalice, GRRRL PRTY, and Absynthe. Her collaboration
■ See ERIS on page 5
Read about Black reverse migration reclaiming the South on page 6.
DJ McCoy
Factors impacting the African American community’s financial literacy are systemic and personal. Jacob Wackerhausen
Khyree Jackson
Minnesota Vikings rookie cornerback
Khyree Jackson was tragically killed on July 6 in a three-car crash in his hometown of Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Jackson was selected by the Vikings in the fourth round of the 2024 draft and was considered a contender to start at cornerback.
Tyka Evene Nelson
Tyka Evene Nelson, an American singer and sister of Prince, died on Nov. 4 at age 64. Born in Minneapolis to jazz musicians John L. Nelson and Mattie Della Shaw, Tyka released four albums during her career, with her 1988 single “Marc Anthony’s Tune” reaching No. 33 on the Billboard R&B charts. She accepted Prince’s American Music Award for Top Soundtrack in 2016 and codesigned his urn. Tyka retired from music in June 2024 due to illness. She is survived by her two sons, Sir and President, five grandchildren, and three half-siblings. Tyka’s talent and devotion to her family will be deeply missed.
In memoriam Among those we lost in 2024
James “Jim” Allen Cook, Sr. James Allen Cook, Sr. died on June 24 at 80. Cook was a visionary entrepreneur and community leader. After a successful career at IBM, he founded Quality House International, Urban Marketing Channels, and the community organizations Amen Corner and Communities of Light.
Susan Ellis Crutchfield
Susan Ellis Crutchfield, a pioneering physician and devoted family matriarch, died on March 16 at 83. A trailblazer in health care and advocate for equity, Dr. Crutchfield’s illustrious career spanned groundbreaking medical achievements and leadership roles, including as the youngest and first Black woman to graduate from the University of Minnesota Medical School.
Christopher Ellis Crutchfield
Christopher Ellis Crutchfield, a tireless champion of racial equity and social justice, passed away on Nov. 4 at 54. Crutchfield was born in St. Paul to a distinguished family of doctors and lawyers as the son of Dr. Charles E. Crutchfield and the late Dr. Susan Ellis Crutchfield. He attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, where he graduated magna cum laude in 1992, and the University of Minnesota Law School, graduating in 1999. At the time of his death, Crutchfield was CEO of Ujamaa Place, a nonprofit dedicated to empowering and supporting young Black men facing systemic barriers and challenges, a position he held for two years before his passing. But the entirety of his life was one of outstanding service to the community.
27 at 85. He earned his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees from Kansas University and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from The University of Minnesota. He moved to Minneapolis in 1964 to teach English at Edison High School and quickly moved up the ranks as an assistant principal at North High School and as principal at Central High School before becoming an Area Superintendent of the Minneapolis Public School District. After a successful career in education, he worked for Pillsbury and General Mills and mentored countless young men and women.
Jamal Mitchell Minneapolis Police Officer Jamal Mitchel was ambushed, shot, and killed in the line of duty on May 30. He was 36. Mitchell answered a call of two people shot inside an apartment complex on the 2200 block of Blaisdell Avenue South in the south Minneapolis neighborhood of Whittier. He was about two blocks from the complex when he noticed people who were injured. He got out of his car to provide aid to one man, who ended up shooting Mitchell.
Self-care tips to manage stress among rising opioid addiction risks
Sponsored by
By Jarrett Schaffer
Stress and anxiety are two of the most common mental health challenges in today’s world. Unsurprisingly, feeling stressed or anxious can make handling other problems (both small and large) more challenging — including any triggers related to opioid addiction. Fortunately, small changes involving self-care techniques can improve your mental wellness.
Struggling with mental health issues, like stress and anxiety, can be overwhelming. Evidence shows that on top of this challenge, there is a significant overlap between people with an opioid use disorder and mental illness. The two disorders can feed each other, so it’s essential to address both mental illness and addiction simultaneously.
If you’re currently in recovery from addiction or haven’t experienced substance use disorder yet, taking care of your mental health can be a crucial factor in avoiding addiction in the future. While professional mental health treatment is beneficial, you can also go a long way toward wellness with self-care routines and practices.
Some of the best self-care
tips for men and women focus on taking control of your life and surroundings. The more you can focus on using your power for calm, peace and progress, the less likely you are to experience flares of anxiety and stress that might trigger addictive behaviors.
One of the best self-care tips is to start by gathering resources. Before you put a big, new plan into action, make sure you have support and information to help you carry out your ideas. Taking the time to find these resources is the first step in self-care.
The more you can focus on using your power for calm, peace and progress, the less likely you are to experience flares of anxiety and stress that might trigger addictive behaviors.
Reach out. Here in Hennepin County, treatment and recovery for challenges related to the opioid epidemic are plentiful. These include connecting you with therapy and treatment centers for mental health.
Join a group. Whether online or in-person, support groups for mental health and addiction can help you stay on track.
Do some research.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is an excellent place to start. Once you have more information about your stress, anxiety or addiction concerns, it’s time to start creating self-care routines that will help you stay on track with positive mental health.
Use daily journaling. You can track stressors, note gratitude, and perform a “brain dump” so that you aren’t trying to keep up with overwhelming details. If you’re struggling with addiction, use this urge log as part of your daily journaling.
Get moving.
Prioritizing physical activity not only helps your body
stay in shape, but it can also improve your mental health. If you don’t like intense workouts, use “movement snacks” during the day to incorporate as much activity as possible.
Engage in mindfulness.
Whether you’re stressed or not, practicing mindfulness can help you refocus on the present. Breathwork, mindful meditations, and grounding your body are all mindfulness tools that are good to practice on calm days so that they are more helpful in the heat of a challenging moment.
Pay attention to your food and water.
Being purposeful about your nutrition is a good selfcare tip for two reasons. It gives you something to control
With Trump on
and use in your favor. You’ll feel calmer and more powerful when you’re making smart choices. Plus, eating a healthy diet and staying hydrated will help your system stay regulated, leaving more resources for handling any stressors that may come your way. Self-care tips go beyond your own body. It’s important to surround yourself with people and places that will lift you up and add value to your life.
Spend time in nature.
Surrounding yourself daily with sunlight, plants, and fresh air can reduce stress and anxiety. Add some houseplants to your home to further reap these benefits.
Engage in a creative hobby with others.
the way,
Building a community is a key part of mental wellness, and it’s even better when your interactions involve something creative. Your brain will be challenged (in a positive way!) and you’ll strengthen bonds with those around you. Check the local library events here in Hennepin County for free groups to join.
Practice saying “no.”
Give yourself permission to decline invitations to events, leave places early, or disconnect from relationships that no longer serve you or put you in the path of triggers. By prioritizing your inner and outer peace, you’ll be taking selfcare seriously.
Sometimes self-care tips are enough to remind us to refocus on our personal health and keep moving forward. Other times, though, we need help. If you hit a wall and can’t implement these self-care tips for your mental health, don’t be afraid to reach out to your community.
The local Hennepin County Behavioral Health Center is an excellent resource if you realize you need more assistance implementing your self-care plan. Friends, family and coworkers can be a great first line of connection.
Make sure to have at least one trusted person who you can call at any hour. In emergencies, don’t hesitate to call or text the 988 crisis line. By using these self-care tips for your mental health, you’ll be putting your power to good use and keeping your mental wellness on the right track.
look to states to fight medical debt
By KFF Health News
Worried that Presidentelect Donald Trump will curtail federal efforts to take on the nation’s medical debt problem, patient and consumer advocates are looking to states to help people who can’t afford their medical bills or pay down their debts.
“The election simply shifts our focus,” said Eva Stahl, who oversees public policy at Undue Medical Debt, a nonprofit that worked closely with the Biden administration and state leaders on medical debt.
“States are going to be the epicenter of policy change to mitigate the harms of medical debt.”
According to the National Institutes of Health, African Americans have 2.6 times higher odds of medical debt than do whites. Health status explained 22.8% of the observed disparity, and income and insurance explained 19.4%. These factors combined explain 42.4% of the observed disparity. They don’t explain, however, that African Americans are more likely to be contacted by a collection agency and to borrow money because of medical debt.
Minnesota is among 14 states that have strengthened patient protections against medical debt and other issues in the last few years. In October, Minnesota’s Debt Fairness Act went into effect.
it easier to buy a car, rent an apartment, or even get a job.
President Joe Biden’s administration proved to be an ally in state efforts to control health care debt. Such debt burdens 100 million people in the United States, a KFF Health News investigation found.
Led by Biden appointee Rohit Chopra, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) made medical debt a priority, going after aggressive collectors and exposing problematic practices across the medical debt industry. Earlier this year, the agency proposed landmark regulations to remove medical bills from consumer credit scores.
“There are a lot of different
have blasted the proposal as regulatory overreach that will compromise the value of credit reports.
And Elon Musk, the billionaire whom Trump has tapped to lead his initiative to shrink government, last week called for the elimination of the watchdog agency. “Delete CFPB,” Musk posted on X.
If the CFPB withdraws the proposed regulation, states could enact their own rules, following the lead of Minnesota, Colorado, New York, and other states that have passed credit reporting bans since 2023. Advocates in Massachusetts are pushing the legislature there to take up a ban when it reconvenes in January.
payment plan through a financial services company can pile on more debt.
Many advocates caution, however, that state efforts to bolster patient protections will be critically undermined if the Trump administration cuts federal funding for health insurance programs such as Medicaid and the insurance marketplaces established through the Affordable Care Act.
Among its provisions: The new law bans denying medically necessary care due to unpaid bills, reporting medical debt to credit reporting agencies, and automatically transferring medical debt to one’s spouse upon their passing.
But new state initiatives like those in Minnesota may not be enough to protect Americans from medical debt
Provisions of the law aim to make the state’s debt collection system fairer and more just, particularly when it comes to medical debt that people generally do not ask for, cannot shop for, and have virtually no choice in taking on.
if the incoming Trump administration and congressional Republicans move forward with plans to scale back federal aid that has helped millions gain health insurance or reduce the cost of their plans in recent years. Comprehensive health coverage that limits patients’ outof-pocket costs remains the best defense against medical debt. But in the face of federal retrenchment, advocates are eyeing new initiatives in state legislatures to keep medical bills off people’s credit reports, a consumer protection that can boost credit scores and make
that states have to take on medical debt.”
The White House also championed legislation to boost access to governmentsubsidized health insurance and to cap out-of-pocket drug costs for seniors, both key bulwarks against medical debt. Trump hasn’t indicated whether his administration will move ahead with the CFPB credit reporting rule, which was slated to be finalized early next year. Congressional Republicans, who will control the House and Senate next year,
“There are a lot of different levers that states have to take on medical debt,” said April Kuehnhoff, a senior attorney at the National Consumer Law Center, which has helped lead national efforts to expand debt protections for patients.
Kuehnhoff said she expects more states to crack down on medical credit card providers and other companies that lend money to patients to pay off medical bills, sometimes at double-digit interest rates.
Under the Biden administration, the CFPB has been investigating patient financing companies amid warnings that many people may not understand that signing up for a medical credit card such as CareCredit or enrolling in a
Trump and congressional Republicans have signaled their intent to roll back federal subsidies passed under Biden that make health plans purchased on ACA marketplaces more affordable. That could hike annual premiums by hundreds or even thousands of dollars for many enrollees, according to estimates by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a DC-based think tank. And during Trump’s first term, he backed efforts in Republican-led states to restrict enrollment in their Medicaid safety net programs through rules that would require people to work in order to receive benefits.
Said Stahl of Undue Medical Debt: “That’s all a recipe for more medical debt.”
KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces indepth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF — an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism.
EyeEm Mobile GmbH
By Tiffany Johnson Contributing Writer
Let’s get straight to the point: Saving is hard and for some may even seem impossible. Still, the new year presents an opportunity for a new mindset, so let’s consider a few ways to more effectively manage our money starting this year and moving forward.
Set savings goals
Having a clear goal in mind will help you save by warding off impulse purchases and other temptations. Attaching reasons to your goals can put them in perspective and fuel motivation. For example, two common goals are building up an emergency fund so you can afford housing if you lose your job, and getting rid of credit card debt so you don’t waste money on interest payments.
Once you set goals, you can prioritize which ones to tackle first. Your goals are likely to have the biggest impact on how you allocate your savings. For example, a common budgeting question is whether to pay down debt, save or invest.
Create a budget
For most, this goes without saying: About 75% of Americans report having a budget. But not having one is at the root of financial issues and stresses. If you find yourself here, make it a top priority this year to create your household budget.
This will allow you to better anticipate expenses, manage debts, and make effective savings plans. A budget is the foundation to your financial goals. If you don’t know where to start, use online resources
Personal Finance
to start saving
tofind budgeting strategies and tools that work best for you. While budgeting apps and software are popular, you don’t need anything more than a pen and some paper to write a budget. The most effective budgeting tool is the one you’ll actually use. The basic budgeting process involves writing down expenses, from monthly bills to small discretionary purchases, such as morning coffee or lunches, and then categorizing those based on whether they are needs or wants. Next, add up your income. Plan to pay your needs first; you can spend leftover money on wants. If your expenses exceed your income, you’ll need to determine what changes to make. You may be able to balance your budget by cutting out wants.
Manage subscriptions
Did you know that most people are paying between $100 to $200 more than they know on monthly subscriptions? Though it may seem a little tedious, carve out some time to actually see what subscriptions you are paying for and what time of month these payments are deducted.
You can then determine if you need all of your subscriptions, if some need to be cancelled, or if you are paying for duplicates. It’s very likely you will be able to access additional money you didn’t know you had. You can do all of this manually by tracking expenses in your bank account and then canceling subscriptions with each vendor. There are several apps and other online resources that will
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automate this process.
“If you can’t buy it twice, you can’t afford it” It is so easy to make emotional impromptu purchases. According to the Neilson report, African Americans are 20% more likely than the total population to say they are willing to “pay extra for a product that is consistent with the image I want to convey.”
You may realize the item was something you wanted rather than needed — and you can develop a plan to save for it. Ruling out all discretionary spending may not be the answer, but being mindful of this rule of thumb is a simple way to determine whether a purchasing decision is truly worth it. Furthermore, every dollar you don’t spend is a dollar you can save.
Automate your savings
tomated transfers between checking and savings accounts. You can choose when, how much and where to transfer money, or even split your direct deposit so that a portion of every paycheck goes directly into your savings account. The advantage: You don’t have to think about it, and you’re less likely to spend the money instead. Don’t make this a crippling amount; the important thing is that it will be put away, and it will be growing. Start with a small amount like $20, and increase this amount later if you feel comfortable. Even if you save $20 every other week, you will end up with more than $500 in savings in a year.
Educate yourself
While putting money away is the ultimate goal, being knowledgeable about the strategies and tools that help build financial literacy is also important. Most banks also offer free resources to help their customers save. Check out what is available. Social media and online tools also can connect you to powerful resources that can fuel your journey to financial wellness. If saving doesn’t seem realistic right now, especially after the holidays, you can still start putting plans in place for how and when you will institute your new savings plans. It’s never too early to start.
Overspending, however, often can be better managed. When tempted by a nonessential purchase, wait a few days.
Sometimes the best way to save money is to not see it in the first place. For many of us, we are comfortable spending what we have, even when that amount is more than we actually need to spend. One great way to save money is to automate your savings. Almost all banks offer au-
Tiffany Johnson is a marketer, writer and musician in the Twin Cities. She is an MBA student at the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management. She received her BA in English with a minor in African American Studies from the University of Minnesota.
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[or] there is a warrant out for them.”
The NAACP does not have lawyers or other professional service providers on staff. Instead, it refers callers to pro bono legal, housing and education services, among others.
“[We] assist in navigating the system, either filing complaints with the EEOC, with the state or local human rights department, or obtaining legal counsel,” says Mgeni. In addition, the Minneapolis NAACP offers expungement workshops and St. Paul offers homeownership workshops.
Mgeni’s connection with the organization began before his birth. It was established in Minnesota in 1911 by Fredrick Lamar McGhee, the first African American lawyer in Minnesota and Mgeni’s great-uncle.
At St. Peter Claver Catholic School where he attended, Mgeni says the NAACP was as relevant to the Black nuns who taught there as the Ten Commandments. Student learning wasn’t limited to the NAACP’s work on Brown vs. the Board of Education; it included their fight to gain equal pay for Black teachers.
When “Birth of a Nation” was shown in the Twin Cities in 1915, the St. Paul and Minneapolis NAACP picketed in front of the theater. When Blacks were not allowed to eat at lunch counters, and department stores treated Black shoppers differently than whites, the NAACP marched outside the establishments.
In the 1960s, the NAACP held its national convention in St. Paul. At 17, former St. Paul Mayor Debbie Montgomery was on the national youth board. “She told me if I didn’t buy a membership … she was going to whip my butt,” says Mgeni. “I bought a membership for myself, and I bought one for my brother, too.”
at arms-length because I was covering them,” he says. “I was holding them accountable.”
Cooper and St. Cloud
Meryl “Buster” Cooper moved to St. Cloud in 1986 after accepting a job at St. Cloud State University. He lived there until 2005 and says the racism the city currently struggles with is the result of its long history of racism.
Sylvanus B. Lowry, whose father was a Kentucky slave owner and Presbyterian minister, moved up the Mississippi River along with Winnebago people being forcibly removed by the state of Iowa. In 1855 the family settled in St. Cloud.
Several Southern families who vacationed in St. Cloud were slave owners. Lowry began the town’s pro-slavery newspaper, The Union. Lowry was elected to the Minnesota Territorial Council and later was voted council president advocating for slavery when most Minnesotans were opposed because of the economic competition.
He was elected to the State Senate in 1862.
Christopher Lehman, a Black faculty member at St. Cloud State, detailed the city’s history in his published work.
The year before Cooper arrived, the St. Cloud Daily Times published “Minority recruitment unpopular” on April 15, 1985. It detailed the influx of the immigrant population into a town where hegemony was preferred.
lis and Hmong residents continued to grow through the 1990s. “There was something like 40,000 Somali [immigrants] allowed to come to Minnesota,” Cooper says. “Two to three thousand probably ended up in St. Cloud.”
Cooper and his colleague Michael Davis felt they needed to warn prospective students about the racism they could experience if they attended the university.
“We decided we would send letters to the PTA groups asking them to share the information we sent,” he explained. Using headlines from various publications, they informed students and their families of racism through news articles. “We feel we saved some people heartache and possible trouble.”
“We
St. Paul NAACP today
Longtime NAACP president and MSR columnist Matt Little was a friend of Mgeni’s. As a journalist, Mgeni would call Little and other NAACP leaders to identify issues relevant to the Black community and write about them in local newspapers.
“I had to keep community-based organizations
The years that followed the growth in its immigrant population included several racist acts by community members. For instance, a Somali student was held for three hours in his apartment and beaten: “Incident of racial harassment leads to conviction of two St. Cloud residents,” University Chronicle, February 20, 1987.
The immigrant populations of both Soma-
After the murder of George Floyd, a defundthe-police movement reflected the lack of trust in the city’s police department by many of its residents. Minneapolis City Council members and the police union began negotiations in September of 2023 for a new contract that wasn’t finalized until July of this year.
A covenant between the police and the St. Paul community was established in 2001. In the 10 years before George Floyd was killed, the city of Minneapolis spent $70 million on excessive force complaints. In that same period, St. Paul spent less than $3 million.
St. Paul’s covenant was established by the St. Paul NAACP. Mgeni says the organization is as relevant now as it was in the past. “The [challenges] we face are much more daunting, sophisticated, [and] far-reaching.
“Our kids can’t even afford to buy their parents’ houses,” he explains. “If you don’t have an advanced degree, you’re working at Super American or Amazon.
“Look at all the people who worked in the service industry who died during the Covid epidemic. Those were mostly low-income, marginally educated poor people. People who couldn’t afford to take two years off or work virtually from home.”
Since its inception, people across religious and cultural organizations have maintained the NAACP’s relevance. “[Volunteers] were very comfortable going out and securing resources, assistance, or legal help from some of the pillars of the business, legal and public policy communities,” says Mgeni. “And because of that the NAACP has been respected and trusted.”
St. Cloud today
By 2007, according to the FBI, St. Cloud topped the state in race-based hate crimes: “Rapes occur three times that of the nation; St. Cloud Times, February 18, 2007. In 2022 the Star Tribune’s “Code Red for Enrollment” examined the 37 Minnesota State school system’s enrollment gains and losses.
The article helps Cooper better understand how racism has affected the city’s economy. It cites that St. Cloud State University lost 47.06% of enrollment from 2010 to 2021. By comparison, Mankato State University lost about 6%.
In the article, outgoing President Robin Wacker gave four reasons for the loss: lower birth rates, lower high school graduations, national economic downturns, and the effects of Covid-19.
However, “The community and the university are paying a hell of a price for their racism,” says Cooper. He hopes his efforts helped St. Cloud to acknowledge its racism. At the very least, he hopes he has helped prospective students.
“The number of students they lost in some ways reflects a cause-and-effect situation,” he says. “The cause is racism. The effect is [students] boycotting, avoiding, leaving, fleeing the place. That is costing them a lot of money.”
Vickie Evans-Nash welcomes reader responses to vnash@spokesman-recorder.com.
the time or capital to play Monopoly, how then can this way of living be passed down, or even learned via proximity by subsequent generations?
This truth is staggering but not surprising. It was only in 2023 that the graduation requirement for a personal finance course was passed into law in the State of Minnesota for students beginning the 9th grade in 2024.
Within the last three years, the number of states that require a personal finance course for high school students has gone from eight to more than 25. While these feats are important, they also prove the ironic lack of value placed on financial education in the recent past.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) also emphasizes that “teaching kids about money early on will help them
become more financially independent as they grow older.” Financial education has been linked to lower debt levels, higher savings, and higher credit scores as children mature. Financial literacy lessons can start at ages 4 to 6, or even earlier, to help build a strong foundation for future financial well-being.
Ross Mac, renowned entrepreneur and financial expert, whose brand Maconomics has been featured on Yahoo Finance, BET, and Bloomberg, recently released an innovative children’s book to introduce young readers to essential financial concepts and empower them to build a prosperous future. The book, “ABC for Future Millionaires,” combines vibrant illustrations with engaging narratives to teach children the basics of financial literacy, such as saving, investing, and budgeting.
With that said, there are additional factors that have uniquely impacted the Black community. Investor, entrepreneur, and philanthropist Robert F. Smith states that factors impacting
the African American community’s financial literacy are systemic and personal.
Popular culture is another culprit. Music, television, and advertisements so often urge us to spend, spend, spend, and keep up with the Joneses. The influx of social media hasn’t
helped. The term “money dysmorphia,” not an actual medical diagnosis, refers to an insecurity about one’s financial wellness as a result of constant exposure to the flashy lives presented on social media platforms. Rewiring this mindset then, is imperative in the journey to building personal and generational wealth.
We invite you to make increasing your financial literacy and impact a serious goal, not only in 2025 but for your future and beyond.
Please reach out if you have stories of changing the wealth narrative in your own life or are an expert in the financial sector. We want to hear from you. Send your comments to submissions@spokesman-recorder.com and put “Personal Finance” in the subject line.
Tiffany Johnson is a marketer, writer, and musician in the Twin Cities. She is an MBA student at the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management. She received her BA in English with a minor in African American Students from the University of Minnesota.
with Lizzo began at a Minneapolis block party and carried on well into her career with MAKR AN ERIS.
“I would say, 100% of the time I make the beat with her in the room. She makes the lyrics in the room. And we just go back and forth,” explains McGee on their collaborative process.
“Sometimes we finish a song, but a lot of
times it’s just one pass-over just to get the ideas out [while the beat’s] not done, but at least we have it. Then I can go back to fix it,” she says. “[We’re] never striving for perfection but just striving to make sure whatever energy happened in that room is captured.”
Beyond the beats and lyrics, MAKR AN ERIS is about community and connection. “The community here is incredible,” Eris says. “It’s all about supporting each other and elevating voices that need to be heard.” Their music reflects this ethos, blending humor, self-awareness, and a defiant spirit that resonates with listeners.
Fans will have the chance to experience their transformative live energy at the Current’s 20th-anniversary party on Jan. 25 at First Avenue, where they’ll debut tracks from “Lilith.” It’s yet another milestone for a duo that has quickly become a cornerstone of the Minneapolis music scene. With their bold sound, powerful message, and unwavering commitment to collaboration, MAKR AN ERIS is more than just a duo — they’re a movement.
Aria Binns-Zager welcomes reader responses to abinns@spokesman-recorder.com
“She told me if I didn’t buy an NAACP membership she was going to whip my butt.”
Yusef Mgeni
Meryl “Buster” Cooper
Ross Mac
Courtesy photo
By Carl Cofield
Arts & Culture
Black voices in classical theater — why representation matters
Theater has always been a mirror reflecting society’s triumphs and tribulations. Yet for centuries that mirror has often failed to capture the richness and diversity of all its audiences.
The Classical Theatre of Harlem (CTH) stands as a beacon in the movement to change that narrative, drawing inspiration from Harlem’s cultural legacy and the enduring significance of the Harlem Renaissance. As the organization celebrates its 25th anniversary amid the centennial of the Harlem Renaissance, it reminds us of the urgent need to amplify Black voices in classical theater.
Black characters and stories have long existed in the classical canon, but they are too often overlooked, obscured by a Western-centric lens. By unearthing these narratives, CTH ensures that audiences experi-
ence the full spectrum of human stories and the complexities of the Black experience.
Traditional Western theater has historically prioritized white, European narratives, leaving little room for diverse perspectives. This exclusion has created cultural gaps, depriving Black audiences of seeing their stories reflected in classical works.
The lack of representation also narrows the perspectives of other audiences, fostering a theater landscape that falls short of its potential to inspire empathy and understanding. CTH is taking bold strides to address this imbalance by spotlighting Black characters who deserve a place on the classical stage.
Take, for instance, Memnon, the Ethiopian king who fought at Troy. In July 2025, CTH will present the New York premiere of Memnon, a production helmed by myself and written by Will Power. This
narrative revival brings to life a story steeped in heroism and African history, enriching the classical canon with a fresh perspective.
Other Black characters already within the canon, such as Shakespeare’s Othello, bring nuance to exploring race, jealousy and identity. Meanwhile, characters like Brutus Jones and Beneatha Younger delve into power dynamics, self-discovery, and the search for independence. Works like “Joe Turner’s Come and Gone” reflect the enduring struggles of identity and freedom post-slavery.
From Hester to Sethe to The African, these characters collectively dismantle stereotypes, showcasing Black individuals as complex and multidimensional — heroes, dreamers, leaders and survivors. Bringing Black voices to the stage enriches the narrative landscape and builds bridges of understanding.
Diverse stories allow audi-
ences to engage with Black history and culture in ways that transcend textbooks and stereotypes. By seeing Black characters take center stage, audiences are challenged to rethink ingrained biases and embrace a broader human experience.
Today the themes explored by these characters resonate powerfully with modern issues, from racial justice to identity and resilience. Their stories inspire future generations of Black artists, proving that their history and heritage deserve recognition on the world’s stage. Representation matters not only for Black audiences but for everyone — it validates that art thrives when it reflects the breadth of human experiences.
Theater companies have a responsibility to do more than diversify their casts; they must be intentional about the sto-
ries they choose to tell. This includes revisiting the classical canon through an inclusive lens and commissioning works that elevate overlooked narratives.
Representation
matters not only for Black audiences but for everyone — it validates that art thrives when it reflects the breadth of human experiences.
CTH leads this charge through its innovative arts education initiative, Project Classics, which introduces Harlem youth to classical theater. Programs like this ensure the next generation sees their stories as vital, beautiful, and worthy of being told. As CTH looks toward the
future, its ambitions extend beyond the stage. The organization’s goal of establishing a permanent home in Harlem underscores its commitment to being a cultural pillar for the community. Black voices in the performing arts can flourish for generations in this space.
In supporting CTH and other theaters celebrating diversity, audiences, artists and institutions contribute to a richer, more inclusive cultural landscape. The stage is set. Now is the time to step into the spotlight and champion the stories that make us all more empathetic and connected.
Carl Cofield is associate artistic director for CTH and directed several plays for the organization before joining as a staff member in 2018. He holds an MFA from Columbia University and is on the faculty at NYU and Columbia University.
Black reverse migration is about reclaiming the South
By Levi Perrin
For centuries, the South has been a space of contradiction for Black Americans — both a home rich with history and culture and a land marked by systemic oppression.
The Great Migration was a solution. Millions of Black people, escaping Jim Crow discrimination, racial violence, and economic exploitation, sought better lives in Northern and Western cities. They transformed those places into cultural and political powerhouses. Over the past few decades, the tide has turned. The New Great Migration, a reverse flow of Black people back to the South, is reshaping the region. I am one of those migrants.
A seventh-generation South Carolinian, I grew up steeped in the South’s traditions and complexities. Like many of my peers, I left after college, relocating to the D.C. area for opportunities that felt out of reach at home. Seven years later, I relocated to New Orleans.
More than reclaiming my roots, the decision solidified my agency in shaping what the South can be, returning to a familiar place while claiming my space and preserving my future. The reasons for returning vary, but many revolve around opportunity, family and culture.
past but to create opportunities for the next generation.”
The South is also where Black resilience shines. Cities like New Orleans and Atlanta have become epicenters for Black excellence, blending tradition with innovation. From music to tech startups, Black Southerners are redefining what it means to thrive.
Of course, racism and inequity persist in the South, as they do across the U.S. Yet, many returning Black Southerners see their migration as a way to confront these challenges head-on.
“It’s not about running away from problems in the North,” says Tasha Williams, a Charlottebased project manager in the tech industry. “It’s about creating solutions where we have a say — where our voices matter.”
For Williams, Carter, and the legions of us who return, it’s not about romanticizing the South. It’s about reimagining it. During the 20th Century Great Migration, our ancestors fled the South in search of safety and opportunity. This reverse migration is about reclamation. Today, we’re returning on our own terms, with the power to shape the region for us and our children.
The New Great Migration is a testament to the staying power of Black culture and resilience. It’s about joy and justice — about knowing that we deserve to be here and to thrive.
New York Times columnist Charles Blow argues in his book “The Devil You Know: A Black Power Manifesto” that this movement is a political strategy. “If Black people simply returned to the South, they could significantly increase their own political power,” Blow writes. “It’s about consolidating power in states where we can lead and reshape the future.” The impact is already vis-
Many northern cities are grappling with job loss, gentrification, and soaring costs of living. In contrast, the South offers lower costs, higher quality of life, and the chance to own homes and businesses.
ible. Georgia, with its growing Black population, played a decisive role in the 2020 presidential election and flipped control of the U.S. Senate. The South’s demographic shift is seeding Black political power to influence state governance and national policies.
For others, the move is about nurturing a cultural legacy. Black Southerners carry a deep connection to the region’s traditions — its music, food, and community ethos.
“Moving back to the South felt like reclaiming my history,” says Michelle Carter, a Dallas-
based high school educator who returned after spending years in Chicago. “There’s something powerful about walking on land where your ancestors fought to survive and knowing that you’re part of that story. It’s grounding in a way I didn’t expect.”
Carter also sees the move as a way to protect and build on the cultural assets of her community. “I’ve started volunteering with local groups that focus on preserving Black neighborhoods and schools. It feels like part of my responsibility — not just to honor the
“There’s something powerful about walking on land where your ancestors fought to survive and knowing that you’re part of that story.”
By returning to our roots, we are not just building a life for ourselves — we are preserving the stories, the struggles, and the triumphs of our ancestors while carving out space for generations yet to come.
In a country that has long tried to dictate where Black people belong, moving back to the South is a powerful statement: We belong wherever we choose, and we are here to claim it.
Joshua Levi Perrin is a writer for Unerased | Black Women Speak.
Williams says moving to Charlotte has allowed her to be closer to her family while also investing in a region where her contributions feel impactful. “I joined a local advocacy group focused on increasing voter turnout in Black neighborhoods,” she says. “It’s amazing to see how much of a difference we can make when we focus our efforts in places where we’re not just participants — we’re leaders.”
The Classical Theatre of Harlem is celebrating its 25th anniversary and 100 years of the Harlem Renaissance. Part of its ongoing mission is to amplify Black voices in classical theater.
Photos by Richard Termine
CTH’s production of “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” by William Shakespeare
A Florida migrant family traveling through North Carolina to New Jersey in 1940. From the early 20th century through 1970, about 6 million Black Americans migrated from Southern states to the North, Midwest and West. Library of Congress
Education
5 programs supporting students’ mental wellness
By Aziah Siid
Spotting anxiety and depression isn’t as easy as it seems in movies or on television. Young people in emotional distress don’t always turn to drugs or alcohol abuse. A K-12 student may or may not be wrestling with the fallout from major events like a school fight or an abusive parent.
That can make it tricky to read depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues in young people. And with schools lacking sufficient resources, getting them help is challenging. Fortunately, there are a range of nonprofit, community-based organizations available literally around the clock to give them the support and emotional tools to work through their troubles. Here are a few of those resources.
The Jed Foundation For teens and young adults still learning to process their emotions, describing how they feel can be difficult. That’s why The Jed Foundation, a youth suicide prevention nonprofit, provides an easy-touse mental health check-in web page that breaks down emotional health in basic language.
The website prompts users to click on buttons to answer simple “I’m feeling” and “I’m experiencing” questions. The answers — “Grief and Loss,” “Trauma,” “Relationship problems,” and even “Political Anxiety” — guide young people to the resources they need to deal with their issues.
a roster of Black therapists, healers, wellness practitioners, community leaders, and mental health professionals — BEAM helps build ecosystems of mental health care for Black and under-served communities. The organization trains, funds and resources alternative wellness and care systems for youth.
It can be tricky to read depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues in young people. And with schools lacking sufficient resources, getting them help is challenging.
Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective (BEAM)
Black Emotional and Mental Health Collective describes itself as ”a nonprofit composed of advocates, yoga teachers, artists, therapists, lawyers, religious leaders, teachers, psychologists and activists committed to the emotional/mental health and healing of Black communities.” A coast-to-coast network, BEAM hosts monthly, in-person healing circles in Los Angeles and Atlanta and coordinates with networks to provide funding for events and in-person training in cities across the country. Through their work — and
Black Girls Smile
Research shows young Black girls are struggling emotionally: The Black adolescent suicide rate surpassed that of whites for the first time and is increasing faster among girls than any other racial group. To help stem that trend, Black Girls Smile Inc. focuses exclusively on the well-being of young Black women through culturally and gender-responsive programming, innovative initiatives, and connections. Since its inception in 2012, BGS has grown to support more than 10,000 Black women and girls nationally
Remembering
‘Father of Black History’
By Quintessa Williams
When we think about the transformative power of education, Dr. Carter G. Woodson’s name and impact stand out.
Known as the “Father of Black History,” Woodson’s remarkable contributions to Black history continue to inform and inspire generations of scholars and students. On what would’ve been his 149th birthday, we honor Woodson’s life, legacy and impact.
Woodson
Born on Dec. 19, 1875, Woodson’s journey began in Virginia as the son of formerly enslaved parents. His parents’ emphasis on education as a means of liberation sparked his passion for learning. Against significant odds during the Jim Crow era, Woodson earned his master’s degree from the University of Chicago in 1908 and a doctorate in history from Harvard University in 1912 — becom-
ing the second African American to do so, after sociologist and activist W.E.B. Du Bois.
In 1915, recognizing the erasure of Black people and their accomplishments from mainstream American history narratives, Woodson founded the Association of the Study of African American Life and History, an organization dedicated to studying and appreciating Black history. A decade later, Woodson would go on to establish Negro History Week, which eventually evolved into today’s Black History Month. Woodson wanted to integrate Black history into standard American education, en-
through mental health literacy programming, intersectionality workshops, and therapy scholarship programs.
AAKOMA Project
Working on students’ men
tal health while creating an inclusive space for young people
of color to embrace their most authentic selves is at the center of the AAKOMA Project. With a focus on selfawareness, self-esteem, and consciousness about prioritizing mental health, AAKOMA provides accessible tools to young people and their care-
givers. The organization also trains youth advocates in suicide prevention. It pushes mental health researchers and research institutions to factor in race and change systems to be more accommodating of young Black people.
The Trevor Project
Nearly 4 in 10 LGBTQ+ young people have seriously considered suicide in the past year, a worrying sign of a mental health crisis among queer students, especially those of color. The emotional distress has been exacerbated by antigay and anti-trans legislation in states like Florida, Tennessee and Texas.
In response, The Trevor Project offers 24/7 crisis counseling for gay, lesbian and transgender youth, as well as suicide prevention training and peer-to-peer support groups and counselors. They also produce research on the emotional state of queer young people, advocate for their inclusion in public policy, and educate the public on the need to support LGBTQ+ young people by building a safer, more inclusive world.
Aziah Siid is a journalist with a background in K-12 teaching
suring that Black and white students saw Black heritage as worthy of learning. In 1933, Woodson published “The MisEducation of the Negro” — a searing but profound critique of the American education system’s Eurocentric bias and its damaging impact on Black students. He argued that a curriculum that distorted or minimized Black history led Black students to internalize negative perceptions about their selfworth and potential. Nearly a century later, “The MisEducation of the Negro” still
resonates in modern discourse about equity in education.
Almost 150 years after his birth, Woodson’s vision continues to inspire generations. In 2024, as students, educators and advocates face challenges, including attempts to restrict lessons on systemic racism and ban books by Black authors, efforts like Freedom Schools, Afrocentric curriculum, and the inclusion of Black voices in history textbooks embody Woodson’s enduring values and ideals.
While the fight for educational equity persists, his advocacy reminds us that education must serve as a tool for empowerment and liberation.
Quintessa Williams is an activist and a journalist who writes on multiple topics geared toward popular culture and the socio-political lifestyles of African Americans.
Lack of mental health providers can hinder a Black student’s growth. People Images
Dr. Carter G. Woodson
Clean air rules help Black communities
Will they survive the incoming Trump administration?
By Willie Blackmore
Over the past four years, the Environmental Protection Agency has tightened restrictions on a host of pollutants and pollution sources, ranging from tougher tailpipe emissions standards for all heavyduty trucks to cracking down on chloroprene pollution — emissions that come from just one plastic plant in Louisiana’s Cancer Alley.
The new restrictions are continuing even in the waning days of the Biden administration: Recently, the White House announced new standards for all nitrogen oxides, a class of harmful gasses generated from burning fossil fuels, in power plants and other industrial facilities.
It’s a change that — as is often the case when it comes to air pollution — would greatly benefit Black communities. But like all Biden-era environmental protections, the new nitrogen oxide rule is at risk when Donald Trump returns to the presidency next year.
Joseph Goffman, an assistant EPA administrator, said in a statement that the stronger standards will “better protect nearby communities’ health, and the power sector has already shown that the additional pollution controls can affordably and reliably do the job.”
In 2023, researchers from Northeastern University published a study that looked at how nitrogen diox-
ide pollution varied by Census tract. It found that Black, Latino, and otherwise non-white tracts had disproportionately high rates of exposure.
Like other nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is caused not only by power plants but also by cars and other vehicles with internal-combustion engines. And, as freeways were disproportionately built through Black communities, utilities were more likely to build power plants in close proximity to Black neighborhoods.
The study, published in the journal “Environmental Science and Technology Letters,” found that the number of premature deaths related to NO2 exposure in predominantly Black Census tracts
ter and ozone, by lowering the amount available to react with other volatile organic compounds,” according to the New York Times. The agency estimates that cutting nitrogen oxide emissions could produce a “net benefits to society” dividend of $46.4 million.
Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA must reconsider powerplant pollution standards every eight years, but the nitrogen oxide limits have not been updated since 2006. The new EPA rule stems from a 2022 lawsuit filed by the Sierra Club and Environmental Defense Club, which set a 2025 deadline for updated standards.
During the last Trump administration, the EPA loosened monitoring standards for
During the last Trump administration, the EPA loosened monitoring standards for nitrogen oxide emissions from coal-fired power plants — plants that are more likely to be located next to Black and brown communities. It’s a trend we’re likely to see again.
was 47% higher than the national average.
The EPA believes stricter standards “could also lead to reductions in other types of pollution, like particulate mat-
Black representation in tech matters to special ed students
By Aziah Siid
It’s an undisputed fact: The number of K-12 special education students is slowly but steadily rising, having increased significantly over the last decade. Studies also show that, of the nation’s roughly 7.5 million special education students, nearly 2 in 10 are Black.
Given the nationwide shortage of special education teachers, it makes sense that some districts would outsource some of their duties to a robot— namely, artificial intelligence. Powerful computer programs can help write lesson plans and customize them for individual students’ needs, among other things.
With AI technology changing every day, education professionals are working diligently to dissect its role in K-12. Part of that research examines how AI shows up in special education and its impact on students with disabilities, especially Black students with disabilities.
Although it may seem like a godsend to stressed-out SpEd teachers and students with different learning abilities, experts say it’s unclear whether AI is a help or hindrance for Black special-education students. One big issue: The lack of people of color in AI development, a problem that often means technology that has racial and cultural blind spots.
“I work with product developers that are investigating ways that their products and features of their products can specifi-
cally impact Black, Latino, and students experiencing high poverty,” says Shayla Cornick, director of research and development at Digital Promise, a nonprofit education organization. “And what they’re trying to do is look for ways to increase motivation, engagement and persistence of these students.”
It’s unclear whether AI is a help or hindrance for Black special-education students. One big issue: The lack of people of color in AI development, a problem that often means technology with racial and cultural blind spots.
In the 2022-23 school year, 15% of all public school students received special education or related services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). From interactive online lesson plans to ways families can check their student’s progress, AI already plays a role in special education. That’s why experts believe families also need to be a part of the conversation on how the latest tech is deployed in the classroom.
Incorporating AI into SpEd Cornick — and many others advocating for inclusion — say
the scarcity of representation in tech can trickle down to marginalized students like students with disabilities. Most students engage with AI through platforms like ClassDojo, which keeps them informed about lessons, and Kahoot!, which encourages classroom engagement and participation.
Platforms like Digital Promise have tools like the Learner Variability Project, which creates guides for educators and students with unique needs.
“Being able to customize dialects, being able to customize imagery and the environment around them to learn in really cool ways — it’s really interesting and exciting to hear and see,” Cornick says. “I’m also seeing them doing a lot with having the tools to adjust to the behaviors of the students.”
However, teachers need to be aware that not all AI tools will work for all students. And racial bias can also show up in AI-generated responses and images.
“There is a lot of backdoor stuff happening with AI around who’s creating the models and what that process looks like,” Cornick says. “So I think there should be a level of transparency that product developers provide around how and if AI has been used in teachers’ work.”
Aziah Siid is a journalist with a background in K-12 teaching, aiding young individuals with disabilities, and improving underserved schools.
Race, money, and Trump’s nominees
By Dedrick Asante-Muhammad
While conventional wisdom portrays the 2024 election narrative as a backlash to diversity and racial equality, the reality is far more nuanced. The upcoming 2025 Congress will see five Black senators serving simultaneously — a historic level of representation in the U.S. Senate.
communications directors) in the Senate — those midcareer officials positioned to rise into leadership roles.
African Americans, who make up nearly 14% of the population, represent less than 6% of Senate pathway staff. Latinos, who account for more than 19% of the population, make up just over 6% of these roles.
5. What steps will you take to accelerate private-sector efforts to break through historical racial exclusion and advance Black leadership?
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nitrogen oxide emissions from coal-fired power plants — plants that are more likely to be located next to Black and brown communities. It’s a trend we’re likely to see again.
A Trump-appointed federal judge in Louisiana blocked the federal government in September from investigating whether race should be considered as a factor in the enforcement of environmental laws, including the issuing of pollution permits.
The ruling from the U.S. District Court for Western Louisiana, issued in August, makes permanent a hold on disparate impact assessments that was put in place back in January. The decision by Judge James Cain effectively bars the Environmental Protection Agency from using Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, the agency’s best — and arguably only — enforcement mechanism for environmental justice issues.
While this ruling only applies to Louisiana, other states will likely try to get similar protections from EPA investigations.
Willy Blackmore is a freelance writer and editor covering food, culture, and the environment. He lives in Brooklyn.
The 2024 elections are just one step in our democratic process. As we turn our attention to the post-election responsibilities of governance, one area where progress is possible is the Senate’s role in confirming nominees, particularly in shaping economic policy.
Successful leadership requires comprehensive perspectives, innovative solutions, and a deep understanding of the interconnected needs of a diverse American constituency. This is particularly true within Senate offices. Senate staff differ from their counterparts in the House of Representatives by representing entire states, often advocating for millions of constituents with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. Senate committees have an even broader influence, shaping legislation and conducting oversight that affects the entire nation. With such significant sway over policies impacting all Americans, it is critical that Senate committee staff and their decision-making processes genuinely reflect our nation’s diversity.
This summer, the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies released our latest report on the state of Senate office diversity. Our findings are stark: While people of color comprise 41% of the U.S. population, they represent only 21% of “pathway” staff (i.e., deputy chiefs of staff, senior advisers, legislative assistants, counsels, and press secretaries/deputy
These disparities matter because racialized inequality persists across multiple sectors, including homeownership, income, and political representation. If Senate staff — particularly those influencing economic policy — fail to reflect the nation’s diversity, the policies they help shape risk reinforcing these inequalities rather than dismantling them.
These questions aim to hold nominees accountable for their track records and compel them to articulate concrete plans for addressing systemic inequities. Greater diversity among Senate committee staff would also ensure that a broader range of experiences and perspectives is represented in policymaking. This diversity enriches legislation, making it not only equitable but also practical by addressing the realities faced by all Americans.
Recognizing this, the Joint Center has long advocated for greater diversity and inclusion in Senate staffing and has developed specific questions that should guide the confirmation process for nominees to critical economic roles. In 2021, our board chair outlined seven essential questions for Senate nominees, five of which are particularly relevant to advancing economic equity:
1. Can you explain where you have excelled in hiring and promoting people of color in your previous roles, and where there is room for improvement?
2. What short- and longterm strategies can your agency implement to close the racial wealth gap?
3. How will you prioritize the development of small businesses in low-wealth communities?
4. How will you collaborate with the financial services sector to better serve African American communities?
Diversity in Senate staff is not merely a moral imperative but a practical necessity for effective governance. The policies shaped by these committees affect every community, and their effectiveness depends on input from voices that understand the challenges and aspirations of all constituencies. Inclusive policymaking creates solutions that uplift everyone, which is, after all, the essence of governance.
As we approach the 119th Congress, I am confident the Senate can achieve greater diversity within its committees, driven by both necessity and historical precedent. America has always made progress in the most unlikely eras. Like generations of Black politicians before us, we must ignore the noise and naysayers and push forward.
Real progress requires persistence, and the time to act is now.
Dedrick Asante-Muhammad is the president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
Senate staff diversity enriches legislation, making it not only equitable but also practical by addressing the realities faced by all Americans.
Employment & Legals
SOE
Continued from page 10
in about half the states with sports betting.
A 2023 NCAA survey commissioned by Baker found that gambling is prevalent among young adults on college campuses. The survey also found that 68% of Blacks engage in betting, which the NCAA says was the highest percentage among the demographics surveyed: 63% of Latinos, 55% of Asians, and 54% of whites.
A working paper by researchers at UCLA and USC in August found that legal online sports betting led to lower credit scores and higher rates of bankruptcies. Another working paper said that legalized sports betting drained household finances more
than other types of gambling.
Nonetheless, sports betting is here to stay, declares Travis Singleton of Speaker Reporter. “It won’t be going anywhere,” he reiterated. Singleton also pointed out that sports gambling and fantasy sports betting are different.
Statista.com defines fantasy sports as “a game in which the participants elect a team from players competing in a professional sports league. Points are gained depending on how successful a fantasy sports team’s players perform in real life sporting events.” It says that most fantasy sports players are males, and found that in 2023 Latinos (17%) and Blacks (13%) are the highest non-white fantasy sports players.
“Fantasy sports is where you’re dependent on a player
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“I’m just going to keep doing the things that I know and stay true to who I am and what I believe, and recruiting good players that are good people and doing things the right way,” concluded Stephens. “We are headed in the right direction. I’m saying we’re getting better and the
All 13 WNBA teams now have head coaches after Washington and Dallas filled their vacancies last week. Since the 2024 season ended there have been eight WNBA HC job openings. Two Black men were hired to join Seattle’s Noelle Quinn, who is the league’s only Black female coach.
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to get certain stats. ... When it comes to sports gambling, now you’re depending on a player’s real life stats in order to get paid,” continued Singleton.
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That is it. That is all.
“I think the problem with gambling now is that it’s so accessible. You can download an app. You can get brothers and sisters that are gambling on rent money. That’s when it becomes a problem. It’s high risk. … It’s the personal choice.”
Singleton believes that if Minnesota gets legal sports betting it will help in generating tax revenue as it does in his home state of Massachusetts. “Sports gambling won’t be going away at no time soon,” he concluded.
Charles Hallman welcomes reader comments to challman@ spokesman-recorder.com.
“I would rather not ever play LSU again, but they send us good money to come here and take a loss,” continued Simmons, who pointed out that playing such games goes a long way for the Tigers’ athletic budget.
USA Today reported that among SWAC schools, Grambling State athletics generated $11.3 million in total revenue, Southern $18.1 million, Alabama State $14.5 million, Alabama A&M $14 million, Texas Southern $13.3, Florida A&M $13.1, and Jackson State $12.8.
Simmons later told Rob Knox of The Next, “I don’t want to ever feel like because
we’re at an HBCU we should be grateful to be in the presence of a Power Four school.”
The MSR looked at the WBB non-conference schedule of two HBCU conferences and their combined W-L records versus larger PWI schools: SWAC (2-69) and MEAC (5-38) for a total of 7 wins and 107 losses. We talked to Prairie View A&M Head Coach Sandy Pugh after her Panthers’ 9657 defeat to the Gophers December 20 in Minneapolis.
“We’re not going to see anybody in our league that size, and nobody in our league is going to shoot that basketball the way those guys shot it,” she observed.
Pugh admitted that it also was a money game. Prairie View athletics generated $14.3 million. U-M Athlet-
ics in fiscal year 2022 paid out nearly a half million dollars (MBB) and over $90,000 (WBB) in guaranteed pay to visiting schools, including travel and meal expenses and per diems.
“In this day and age, it’s a money game,” admitted Pugh.
Pugh said the longstanding financial inequities between schools like hers and PWIs (predominantly white institutions) is a reality in today’s college sport. She offered this advice: “Make a financial donation,” she advised. “If every professional Black person would donate $100 to their favorite HBCU, that would go a long way. Every little bit counts.”
Charles Hallman welcomes reader comments to challman@ spokesman-recorder.com.
New WNBA coaches
Courtesy photo
urrently, 38 states and the District of Columbia have legalized sports gambling. The Minnesota Legislature is expected to debate legalization again in 2025 after failing to get a bill passed in last year’s session.
The 2018 U.S. Supreme Court ruling opened the door for states to authorize sports gambling and wagering on pro and college sports. Since then, this has also brought concerns about problem gambling, especially for Blacks and lowincome folks.
“You can get brothers and sisters that are gambling on rent money. That’s when it becomes a problem.”
A recent U.S. Senate hearing on sports betting included testimonies from individuals including NCAA president Charlie Baker. A statement from the American Gaming Association
criticized the session for not including individuals from the gaming industry and said that Americans bet more than $121 billion on sports in 2023.
The hearing ended as do most things in Congress these days with nothing but back and forth talk and no action.
The WNBA and women’s sports have become a boom business for sports betting.
FanDuel reported last spring that it received the most wagers of all time for women’s sports during the NCAA wom-
en’s basketball tournament.
FanDuel and DraftKings later became official sponsors for the WNBA.
In the U. S, the 25-34 years age segment (34%) has the most prominent sports betters in 2024; second is 35-44 (31%).
Baker wants to see federal regulations on sports gambling, including a ban on what are known as proposition bets — wagers on anything besides the final outcome of a game. These types of bets are legal
‘Money games’ help HBCUs pay the bills
By Charles Hallman Sports Columnist
hey’re called “money games.” A smaller school agrees to play a larger school at their place for a guaranteed price. This practice also involves HBCUs.
Why money games? Simply put, these games are a necessary funding source for the smaller schools’ athletic departments. They are also, however, a double-edged sword, with lopsided scores as the end result, but an estimated six-figure paycheck for the visiting losing team as a parting gift.
This isn’t restricted to basketball — college football does the same, paying smaller schools such as HBCUs to take on big schools for big checks. Florida A&M in 2023 was paid $700,000 by the University
of Miami, and Alabama A&M $525,000 for playing at Auburn.
“I don’t want to ever feel like because we’re at an HBCU we should be grateful to be in the presence of a Power Four school.”
MinnPost’s Pat Borzi wrote in his December 20 article on non-conference scheduling by the University of Minnesota and University of St. Thomas, the state’s only two D1 schools, that “payments range
from $30,000 to $100,000 depending on timing and resources,” and that Minnesota paid $478,000 for “buy games” in 2022-23.
“For mid-majors like Bethune-Cookman (an HBCU), which played at Williams Arena earlier this month, buy games help pay the bills,” noted Borzi.
During her postgame comments after a 100-54 defeat at LSU December 8, Grambling State WBB Coach Courtney Simmons told reporters, “We play these games to get the money so we can survive.
COACHING WHILE BLACK
gan State staff, he believed that experience uniquely prepared him for his present position at Western Michigan.
On Izzo, the longtime MSU coach and Hall of Famer, “I understand Coach a lot better now than I did when I was with him, even though I was with him for 20 years,” continued Stephens. “More than anything, he is an unbelievable relationship person, and that’s what I try to do with my guys, is to develop those relationships.” Stephens during his coaching career has worked with nearly 25 players who played in the NBA, including HOFer Dwyane Wade, Draymond Green, and Miles Bridges.
three in both total rebounding and rebounding margin every year. WMU also ranks fourth in both field goal percentage defense (.426) and three-point defense (.313).
On a stat not often discussed, according to Stephens, “One of the things I’m most proud of since I took over the program is our team grade point average was a 2.3, and now it’s a 3.4.”
Stephens is one of three MAC Black head
coaches — fewer than 1 in 3 HCs in men’s hoops are Black.
“I’m just going to keep doing the things that I know and stay true to who I am and what I believe.”
“It’s a position that I don’t take lightly,” Stephens said. “I know there are not as many minority coaches as we like to see…that are given the opportunity to lead a program. If we do right by everyone, that’s going to open opportunities for others.” WMU begins conference play this Saturday, January 4, at his occasional series will highlight Black coaches at all levels of sport. This week: Western Michigan Head Men’s Basketball Coach Dwayne Stephens
Dwayne Stephens first began coaching in 1997-98 as an assistant coach at Oakland University, then four seasons as an assistant at Marquette. But after almost two decades working on Tom Izzo’s Michi-
“You know what’s funny is [that] you never really understand what it’s like until you take that next step over to the next seat,” said Stephens after his team played at St. Thomas December 13 in a non-conference contest. He was hired as the Broncos men’s head basketball coach in 2022.
Under his helm at WMU, the Broncos have become one of the top rebounding teams in the MAC. In Stephens’ first two years, Western Michigan led the league in offensive rebounding and was in the top
William C. Rhoden wrote in Andscape last April on Black coaches in college basketball that Black coaches have a “forced representation [that] seems to present an unfair burden for Black coaches to have to carry” in order to be successful compared to their White counterparts. “The burden on Black coaches is real,” said Rhoden.
ere are five memorable photos from 2024. It was quite a year.
All photos by Dr. Mitchell Palmer McDonald
Minneapolis South players Maurice Hargrow Jr. and Eugene Brown during the Class 3A boys basketball tournament.
Minneapolis North running back Stephan Jackson against Holy Angels.
Minneapolis Roosevelt guard Jaida Walker as former St. Anges student athlete Parnell Charles officiates.
Former East Ridge High School great and current University of St. Thomas hooper Kendall Blue during a victory over Western Michigan University.
Roseville guard Kendall Barnes (Roseville) and Minneapolis Roosevelt ‘s Olivia Wren during a non-conference girls basketball game.
Sandy Pugh Photo by Charles Hallman
Courtney Simmons Courtesy photo
See VIEW on page 9
Travis Singleton Courtesy photo
Dwayne Stephens Photo by Charles Hallman