Modern Cat Fall/Winter 2024 by Modern Cat Magazine

cat

Inside: Science-Backed Cat Boredom Busters + Environment Enhancers

The lifestyle magazine for modern cats and their companions

FALL · WINTER 2024/25

PLAY TIPS

Enrichment

CATS for

Why & How To Play With Your Cat

Fun ways to improve your cat’s life p20

Real Reason The

WE 'RE IT G N I V GI ! AWAY t

Cats Scratch

Furniture

ol Ca Win Co p18 Stuff

Are

+ what to do about it

You

Misreading

These Cat

Signals?

p68

Cat Tattoos moderncat.com DISPLAY UNTIL JAN 31 ‘25

$7.95

Most Affectionate Cat Breeds

Polydactyl Cats Feline Trivia p46 Human Foods For Cats

Expert Behaviour Advice, Catification Strategies + A Cat Lover’s Dream Trip!

FALL/WINTER 2024/25

VOL 13 NO 2

56 FEATURES 20

Mental Stimulation for Cats: Activity Ideas for Happy Cats!

Indoor enrichment essentials: six great ways to make your cat happier, smarter, and less bored!

Your Cat Is Trying to Tell You Something. You Just Don’t Understand. A new study suggests that people frequently misread their cat’s signals. BY SHERI RADFORD

A Cat Lovers Dream Trip

Famous cat-loving couple document their feline-focused travels in new book.

How to Transition an Outside Cat to an Inside Cat

THE GOODS

BY MIESHELLE NAGELSCHNEIDER

Expert strategies for a smooth transition. 52

BY DR. MIKEL DELGADO

Cat-tastic designs to thrill both you and your cat!

Olfactory Enrichment for Cats

Fun ways to enrich your cat’s life by considering their incredible sense of smell!

The 10 Most Affectionate Cat Breeds Get to know the most lovey cat breeds and their unique attributes. PHOTOS BY SARAH BAKER

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Cat Gear Look Book

Your at-a-glance guide to the best stuff for you & your cat.

BY SHERI RADFORD

Purrfect Presents

A gift guide for cats and cat lovers.

End-of-Life Pet Doulas

How a death doula can bring peace at the end of your pet’s life.

Catify Your Life

Healthy Paws

Solutions for everything from stinky breath to shedding!

LEFT PHOTO SUNRAY BRI CATTERY RU/SHUTTERSTOCK; RIGHT PHOTO YAVDAT/SHUTTERSTOCK; INSET ALEXANDR/ADOBE STOCK

BY CAMILLE LEMOS

28 A new study reveals the real reason cats scratch furniture—and what to do about it.

CAT LIFE 18

We’ve got months of awesome cat stuff—from cool cat trees to cat gear prize packs—up for grabs! Turn to page 18 to see what you can win.

8 Human Foods You Can Share with Your Cat

Safe and healthy tidbits to offer your cat!

Incredible Abstract Art Created from Ashes

BY KELLY CALDWELL

Elevate Your Litter Box Experience

Raised litter station makes litter box maintenance easier for seniors and disabled cat lovers

Meet the Brown Cats

Breeds, coat patterns, and fun facts about these feline friends.

A very cool way to remember a beloved cat. 50

We’re Giving it Away!

Top 5 Tips for Play

Why and how to play with your cat. 62

Cattoos

A love that lasts forever. 64

REGULAR FEATURES 6 8 10 12 16 79

Editor’s Letter Contributors Stuff We Love The Scoop Photo Contest Marketplace

Polydactyl Cats

History, traits, and famous examples of felines with extra toes. BY KELLY CALDWELL

66 COVER CAT Adorable British Shorthair Bella was a very good model and loved the attention on set. Photographed by Shaina Fishman, a commercial photographer specializing in pets.

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Connie’s Book Club

Editor-in-Chief Connie Wilson’s selection of new, must-read books for cat lovers. 76

Tiny Cat Stories

Cat love in short form: miniature, reader-submitted cat stories of no more than 100 words. 80

7 Interesting Cat Facts

Fascinating cat trivia and little-known feline facts.

In USA: MODERNCAT (ISSN 1929-3933) Volume 13, Issue 2. Published semi-annually by Modern Cat Inc. at 142 Churchill Drive, Newington, CT 06111-4003. Postage paid at Hartford, CT and additional offices. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Modern Cat, PO Box 4767 Blaine, WA 98231-9901.

LEFT TOP PHOTO ANDREW MARTTILA; RIGHT TOP PHOTO CHALABALA/BIGSTOCK; LEFT TOP INSET DEVYN DOBINSKI; LEFT BOTTOM INSET ZIPPYCLAWS; RIGHT INSET SSSTOCKER/BIGSTOCK

Discovered: Surprising Reason Cats Scratch Furniture

BODY & SOUL

EDITOR'S LETTER

Social icon

Circle Only use blue and/or white. For more details check out our Brand Guidelines.

h, cats. Our enigmatic, endlessly fascinating (and sometimes frustrating!) best friends. If you’re dealing with inexplicable or unwanted behaviour, our feline behaviour experts have you covered! In this issue, you’ll discover what your cat needs to thrive and how to be a better cat guardian. For example: Are you misreading these cat signals? A new study reveals which cat behaviours are frequently misunderstood (p 24).

CONNIE WILSON WITH DAO DAO, PHOTO TANYA KING

OUR READERS WRITE

Cover Cat Dreams

Fing is patiently waiting for @americasfavoritepet voting to start– for the chance to be on the front cover of @modern_cat_mag!!—@chelsearaeblair

We’ve packed the issue with fun facts, the best stuff for your cat, and expert advice from renowned vets and behaviourists. We recommend science-backed cat boredom busters and environment enhancers. We explain why and how to play with your cat in Top 5 Tips for Play (p 56) and reveal the real reason cats scratch furniture—and what to do about it. As usual, we have giveaways galore—find out what’s up for grabs on page 18! Explore fun, easy ways to enrich your cat’s life on page 20, then tag along on a cat lover’s dream trip! Famous cat-couple “Kitten Lady” Hannah Shaw and her husband, cat photographer and fellow kitten rescuer Andrew Marttila, share photos from their dream vacation documenting cats around the world.

Curl Up & Read

I love reading the latest issue of Modern Cat Magazine!—@purrpurrpepper

You’ll discover the most affectionate cat breeds (p 68), as well as human foods you can share with your cat. Find your “cattoo” inspiration (that would be cat tattoo) on page 62 with the coolest cat tats. Have you been eying an unowned, outdoor cat in your neighbourhood? Mieshelle Nagelschneider, aka The Cat Whisperer, explains how to transition an outside cat to an inside cat. There’s all this and so much more! We hope you enjoy this issue as much we enjoyed putting it together. Thank you for being a part of our amazing cat-loving community! With love,

Connie Wilson, Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

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Happy Cats Love Modern Cat!

Cute, bubbly, bright eyed. One happy little kitten full of energy and playfulness. —amirahid

CON TRIBUT O R S FALL · WINTER 2024/25 VOL 13 NO 2

Dr. Mikel Delgado has

been working with cats professionally for over 20 years. She is co-owner of Feline Minds, where she offers assistance to cat owners, animal shelters, and corporations. Mikel completed her PhD in animal behaviour at UC Berkeley and was a postdoc at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. She is the author of the recent book Play with Your Cat! and co-authored the book Total Cat Mojo with Jackson Galaxy. In this issue, she shares how to offer all-important olfactory enrichment for your cat—turn to page 52!

Publisher

Modern Cat Inc. Editor-in-Chief

Connie Wilson Editor & Creative Director

Jennifer Nosek Design & Production

Megan Carpick Comptroller

Cecilia de Roca Chan, CPA, CGA Sales

Simran Parekh Audience Development Coordinator

Yaunna Sommersby Subscriptions & Office Administration

Anna Regino Marketing & Sales Assistant

Aly Stamper Administrative Assistant, Sales & Marketing

Mina Zivkovic Administrative Assistant

Angelie Hizon

Cat behaviourist Mieshelle Nagelschneider is a regular Modern Cat contributor, as well as the new host of My Cat From Hell, which has over one billion viewers internationally. Mieshelle studied animal behaviour and welfare at Oxford, Harvard, and the University of Edinburgh. Her awardwinning book, The Cat Whisperer, is the first scholarly cited cat behaviour book for cat owners. She is also co-owner of The Cat Behavior Clinic (thecatbehaviorclinic.com). Turn to page 34 for Mieshelle’s expert advice on transitioning an outdoor cat to an indoor cat!

INTERESTED IN SUBSCRIBING? Give us a call at 1-800-417-6289 or subscribe online at moderncat.com/subscribe Advertising inquiries call (866) 734-3131 In Canada: MODERNCAT (ISSN 1929-3933) Volume 13, Issue 2. Published semi-annually by Modern Cat Inc. at Suite 101 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9 POSTMASTER: send address changes to Modern Cat, Suite 101 - 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9 In USA: MODERNCAT (ISSN 1929-3933) Volume 13, Issue 2. Published semi-annually by Modern Cat Inc. at 142 Churchill Drive, Newington, CT 06111-4003. Postage paid at Hartford, CT and additional offices. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Modern Cat, PO Box 4767 Blaine, WA 98231-9901. PHONE

(604) 734-3131 OR TOLL FREE (866) 734-3131

FAX (604) 734-3031 OR TOLL FREE (866) 734-3031

Kelly Caldwell is a writer and

photographer based out of Guelph, ON. Her articles and photographs have appeared in a variety of print and online magazines. She is a member of the Dog Writer’s Association of America and has been honoured by the DWAA with a Maxwell Award for her photography. Kelly is pictured here with her senior cat, Evee. In this issue, Kelly uncovers fun facts about polydactyl cats p64, as well as everything you ever wanted to know about brown cat breeds p42.

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The publisher is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, images, photographs or other materials. By accepting and publishing advertising the publisher in no way recommends, guarantees or endorses the quality of services or products within those advertisements. Copyright 2024/25 by Modern Cat Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, including the Internet or photocopying without the written permission of the Publisher. Modern Cat and its logotype are the trademarks of Modern Cat Inc. Modern Cat is published two times a year. Two-year subscription prices: Canada $18CAD, U.S.A. $18USD, foreign $45USD. Subscription orders and customer service inquiries should be sent to Modern Cat Subscription Services, Suite 101 - 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9

PRINTED IN CANADA

www.moderncat.com Publications Mail Agreement Number 42496543 We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. Nous reconnaissons l'appui financier du gouvernement du Canada.

Stuff We Love

Modern Cat staffers’ picks of the litter!

1 Show off your love of cats with the Mary Lake Thompson Cats Wristlet Bifold Wallet from MyThreeCats.com! The textured vegan leather wallet features a fabric

interior, a sturdy zipper, and plenty of storage.—Cecilia ($35, mythreecats.com) 2 Cold weather calls for cozy, comfy footwear! The cuddly BOBS® from Skechers® slippers now have easy Skechers Hands Free Slip-ins® technology–making them more purrfect than ever.—Anna (from $55, BOBSfromSkechers.com) 3 Control household pet odours and keep your air fresh with the QAIS-air-04! This filter-less air purifier is designed specifically for pet odours and can be wall-mounted right above a litter box to capture smells before they spread throughout the house. Genius.—Yaunna ($350, us.sunstarqais.com) 4 Get a cat’s eye view with this wearable camera that attaches to your cat’s collar! Mr. Pet Cam’s compact, lightweight collar-mounted HD video camera for cats lets you see what your cat sees. Set up is easy—just clip it on and await the fascinating footage captured!—Megan ($70, mrpetcam.com) 5 The Birdsbesafe collar cover is safe, cute, comfy, and most importantly—it saves birds! This science-backed bird protector reduces bird catches by 87 percent thanks to its bright colours, which songbirds see exceptionally well. Cats can eat, drink, and move normally while wearing the collar, plus the reflective trim helps cats stay safe. A win all around!—Jennifer ($10, birdsbesafe.com or amazon.com) 6 Does your cat prefer fish-based dry food recipes? Try the Loyall Signature Salmon Meal and Oatmeal Recipe! Free of corn, wheat, soy, and by-products, this unique formula meets the needs of kittens and adults so you don’t have to worry about transitioning foods.—Jory (from $33, loyallcanada.ca) 7 Tired of constantly cleaning the litter box? Never scoop again and enjoy odour-free fresh air with the Litter-Robot 4! This WiFi-enabled, automatic self-cleaning litter box for cats makes litter box maintenance a breeze.—Angelie ($700, litter-robot.com) 8 Elevate playtime with the Kitty Love pet-safe bubbles from Atomic Bubbles! Safe for use both indoors and out, this non-toxic bubble formula is infused with pure catnip oil to entice your kitty.—Rosie (from $14, atomicbubbles.com) 9 Cats sure know how to put their cat trees to good use! If your cat tree is needing a refresh, the Rectangular Cat Tree Platform from Cat Tree Parts is heavy-duty, plush, safe, and ultra-sturdy. Simply attach it to your current cat tree with the existing bolt.—Aly ($45, cattreeparts.com) 10 Dofu Cat Tofu Cat Litter is an all-natural, quick-clumping litter made from bean fibre! Highly absorbent and biodegradable, this litter is easy to scoop, offers superior odour control, and is gentle on cat's paws.—Mina ($17, dofucat.com) 11 Need an easy pet proofing solution? The Door Buddy Cat Door Prop is a convenient alternative to a pet gate. Adjustable and easy to install, it keeps the door open for your cat while keeping your dog out of the cat food and litter box.—Connie ($21, thedoorbuddy.com) 12 Make your carpets like new again! Chem-Dry Pet Urine Removal Treatment services remove 99.9% of pet urine stains and odours. Their unique, deep cleaning Hot Carbonating Extraction process penetrates carpet fibers and removes liquid and loose urine crystals, banishing smells and stains.—Simran (Learn more at chemdry.com) 13 Join the club: Kitty Poo Club! Their litter box subscription service delivers a disposable, recyclable litter box every month for a clean, convenient, and odour-free litter box experience trusted by hundreds of thousands of happy customers. Just choose your box size and litter (their health monitoring litter changes colour to detect health problems!) and recycle and replace monthly!—Nuit ($31, kittypooclub.com)

Why your housecat likely has white paws

ave you ever wondered why housecats frequently have white paws, while their wildcat relatives do not?

The answer lies in the domestication of cats, which began around 10,000 years ago. As nomadic peoples settled and began farming, rodents were attracted to the grain and garbage. Enter cats, who even back then recognized a mutually beneficial arrangement when they saw one. Cats helped dispatch the rodents and, in return, found consistent access to food. The cat community thrived. This domestication process caused changes in the cats’ appearances, including the emergence of white “socks” and other unique markings, says Professor Leslie Lyons, director

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of the Feline Genetics Laboratory at the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine.

How Human Preference Shaped Cat Appearance

“

There were probably people saying, ‘I particularly like that kitten because it has white feet. Let’s make sure it survives.’”

Lyons says the range of coats seen on modern domestic cats shows that our agrarian ancestors favoured cats with unique fur patterns.

a disadvantage, making them more visible to predators. But this same trait also stood out to humans. “There were probably people saying, ‘I particularly like that kitten because it has white feet. Let’s make sure it survives,’” Lyons says, indicating that aesthetics played a role in the selection of breeding cats.

Felis silvestris, the wild ancestors of today’s domestic cats, usually have camouflage fur suited to their scrub desert or mixed forest environments, allowing them to seamlessly blend in. The conspicuous white paws seen on domestic cats would have been

It wasn’t just about looks, though. Friendly behaviour was likely also selected during domestication, says Lyons. Curiously, tame behaviour and the occurrence of white markings have been linked in horses, pigs, cows, mice, and rats.

It’s thought that early cat breeders favoured cats with distinctive markings simply because they stood out.

P H OTO K AT H O M E N D E N / A D O B E STO CK

Hello, Socks!

CAPTION THIS!

AI-POWERED LITTER BOX

C A RTO O N S BY J O H N K LO SS N E R ; J K LO SS N E R . CO M

Test your “funny.” Create a caption for this cartoon and submit your entry at moderncat.com/cartooncaption. The most comic captions will be published in the next issue.

AND THE WINNING CAPTIONS FROM LAST ISSUE ARE…

Self-cleaning box tracks health of each cat eet the world’s first AI-powered automatic cat litter box with a camera.

The future is here, and we like it. Not only does this smart litter box do the scooping for you, but it also preventatively screens your cats for health issues. The Petkit Purobot Ultra is an AI-powered litter box that precisely identifies multiple cats through AI facial recognition. It delivers holistic health and behaviour tracking for each cat, along with detailed feline bathroom reports. The stool checkup allows for early disease pre-screening. The camera captures stool and clump images after each cleaning cycle, alerting you to signs of constipation, diarrhea, and other bowel or urinary issues based on stool colour, consistency, and clump size. You can check cats’ fecal images in the app's timeline and compare them with the Petkit stool health check chart, facilitating prescreening for potential pet diseases. Despite how cool the health tracking is, the main draw will likely remain the lure of up to 20 days of hands-free cleaning thanks to automatic waste disposal. The Petkit Purobot Ultra automatically cleans cat waste after each litter box usage, and the extra-large waste bin supports up to 20 days without scooping for one cat. Precise safety sensors, a seamless design, smartphone control, and three layers of odour control seal the deal, delivering a next-level cat-waste management solution. >> Get $50 off with code 2024moderncat at petkit.com.

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“Yep! A couple months of yowling for no reason, early morning face-sitting, and general discontent . . . Now I have my own room!” SUBMITTED BY KIRK AUGUSTINE

RUNNER-UP CAPTIONS

“The hardest part was convincing him it was his idea to sleep in the cat basket.” SUBMITTED BY EDDIE BUNDRED

“Ever notice nobody ever says, 'he's a cool DOG'?” SUBMITTED BY JOE AYELLA

“I told the dog I’d be in here for a minute and it’s been a month. They really don’t have any sense of time, do they?” SUBMITTED BY KAREN HUDZIK

“I've mellowed. Those posters are from a previous life.” SUBMITTED BY SUSAN GALE WICKES

“I don't want to brag, but I am 80% Panthera.” SUBMITTED BY KAREN HUDZIK

L E FT I M AG ES CO U RT ESY O F P E T K I T

! E L I SM Awww !

WOOLY & OLIVE

moderncat’s

MARTINA

BEAU

YOSHI

HAZEL EMMET, ERNIE, ECLIPSE, & ECHO

Too cute!

TOBI

LILLY

QUEEN

MARIFLOR

MURPHY

TOASTEST TOMMY

SURI

GIN GIN

ash

GUNTER FLUFFERNUTTER

kiki

FRED

MONTY

MYLES

EBERLE

OCEAN

MAYA

MASHA

kit kat

CHOW CHOW

CANUTE

! e l b a r o d A CLEMSON

COOPER

Think your cat ought to grace the pages of Modern Cat?

freya

Upload your cat’s photo at moderncat. com/photo-contest. Not only will he or she be entered to be our Cat of the Week, but a selection of the photos entered will appear on these pages!

ENTER TO WIN

We’re giving it away! Enter to win fabulous giveaways November through April. Go to moderncat.com/giveaways to enter! Lucky readers will win every two weeks.

November

1st -14th

Win a feline enrichment prize bundle from MyThreeCats.com! Includes a Skyliner Scratcher and a 5-Level Wall Mounted Cat Activity Tree for all of your cat’s enrichment needs.

January

1st -14th

Win 1 of 2 cat food and litter prize packs from Dr. Elsey’s! Includes three 40 pound bags of Dr. Elsey’s Ultra Litter and three 6.6 pound bags of cleanprotein kibble.

December

15th -30th

Win 1 of 2 cat toy prize packs from ZippyClaws! Includes toys from the ZippyClaws holiday collection, the Birthday Party pack, Mini Donutz, and the Fish in Bowl Burrow toy.

15th -31st

Win the Siberian Mountain Cat Tower from Prevue Pet Products! This extra-large cat tower has jute wrapped scratching posts, a cozy hideaway, basket and swing hammocks, and plush toys!

Win 1 of 3 litter care prize packs from Catalyst Pet! Includes a 10 lb bag of Catalyst litter, a premium scoop, a sisal litter tracking mat, and compostable poop bags.

Win 1 of 3 cat gear prize packs from Armarkat! Includes the durable and functional S8502 and A7407 cat trees and a cozy C70NBS cat bed.

15th -31st

Win the ultimate cat gear prize bundle from Spot! Includes a large assortment of toys, treats, and accessories for your kitty!

February

1st -14th

Win 1 of 3 Immunity Boost Bundles from Fera Pets! Keep your cat’s immune system in tip-top shape with their Immune Support Mushroom Powder, Fish Oil, and Probiotics + Prebiotics Powder!

15th -28th

Win a one-year supply of cat litter from Dofu Cat! Includes four bags each of the Dofu Cat Tofu Litter, Coffee and Bean Litter, and Cereal Litter.

April

March

1st -14th

15th -31st

Win 1 of 3 one-year supplies of cat snacks from Noochies! These single-ingredient and protein rich Freeze-Dried Cat Snacks support immune and digestive health.

1st -14th

Win 1 of 2 feline wellness prize packs from Vetericyn! Includes two bottles each of the Vetericyn Plus Feline Antimicrobial Facial Therapy, Hydrogel, Wound and Skin Care, and Ear Rinse solutions.

15th -30th

Win 1 of 5 one-year subscriptions to Modern Cat magazine, chock full of helpful articles, heartwarming stories, and so many cute cat photos!

No purchase necessary to enter or win. Beginning November 1, 2024 at 12:01 AM (PST) through April 30, 2025 at 11:59 PM (PST), enter each day at moderncat.com/giveaways. Each biweekly giveaway ends at 11:59 PM (PST). Every two weeks, the specified number of winners for that giveaway will win the prize featured in the giveaway calendar (ARV: $200). Odds of winning depend on the number of entries received. Contest is open to legal Canadian and/or US residents 18 and older as of date of entry. Void in Puerto Rico and where prohibited by law. Giveaway subject to complete official rules available at moderncat.com/giveaways.

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INSET PHOTO: YO-YO SUBMITTED BY SHYANN

s y a w a e v i G t a Gre

Mental

Stimulation

for Cats:

Activity Ideas for Happy Cats! Indoor enrichment essentials: 6 great ways to make your cat happier, smarter, and less bored!

hese science-backed cat boredom busters keep cats busy, engaged, and mentally stimulated. Read on for our tested and approved picks!

1Cat Tower

Armarkat Model B6802 Classic Cat Tree; $198, armarkat.com Vertical space is a must-do for cat welfare! The Armarkat Model B6802 Classic Cat Tree boasts six levels, a cozy cat condo, multiple perches, and sisal-wrapped scratching posts. Jackson Galaxy approved, this sturdy and durable cat tree is made from pressed wood and has faux fleece covering.

2Burrow Toy

ZippyClaws Burrow Fish in Bowl; $12, zippyclaws.com Fishy fun! Provide mental enrichment and interactive play with the ZippyClaws Burrow Fish in Bowl toy. The fishbowl burrow is lined with crinkle paper and the Miniz fish toys are filled with catnip to entice your curious cat. Hide treats inside the fishbowl for an added challenge!

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5Round Scratcher

Kitty Power Paws Sphere Scratching Post; $70, prevuepet.com Provide your kitty with an approved scratching outlet with the Kitty Power Paws Sphere Scratching Post from Prevue Pet Products! The spherical shape of this sturdy, jute-wrapped scratcher provides additional scratching, pouncing, and jumping space, and a feather-tipped tassel encourages play!

Cat Treehouse

Catit Vesper Treehouse; from $260, catit.ca

Your cat will lounge, play, and scratch the day away with the Catit Vesper Treehouse! This ultimate kitty playground features an extra thick sisal scratching post, a stylish fabric hideaway, a relaxing hammock perch, and soft memory foam cushions. Plus, you can attach your cat’s favourite toys to the wooden poles! Available in three sizes.

6Laser Toy

Bubble Laser Cat Toy; $30, maymaw.com Spark your cat’s natural hunting instincts with the Bubble Laser Cat Toy from MayMaw! This fun, rechargeable laser toy unpredictably tumbles and rolls as your cat bats at it. You can even stuff it with catnip or your cat's favourite treats for extra playtime fun!

Cat Fun Board

TRIXIE Fun Board XXL Strategy Game; $28, amazon.com or trixiepet.com Engage your cat’s brain and let them channel their inner hunter with the TRIXIE Fun Board XXL Strategy Game from TRIXIE Pet! With five different levels to challenge your cat, this puzzle toy makes a great slow feeder and reduces boredom and anxiety. Durable and easy to clean, it features a non-slip base to prevent spills and frustration.

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PHOTO AESTHETICA/SHUTTERSTOCK

YOUR CAT IS TRYING TO TELL YOU SOMETHING. You Just Don’t Understand. A new study suggests that people frequently misread their cat’s signals. By Sheri Radford

AVE YOU EVER been petting a cat when

suddenly, lightning fast, they turn around and bite your hand? Experiences like this are more common than not. Even though humans have lived with cats for thousands of years, many of us still struggle to decipher their signals—particularly ones indicating discomfort. A new study by French researchers, published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science in January 2024, looked at our ability to understand cats’ vocalizations and visual cues. What they found was that people are especially bad at recognizing unhappy cat behaviours. Participants in the study achieved 90 percent accuracy when identifying contentment in cats, but that number dropped to just 72 percent when it came to discontentment.

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According to LeeAnna Buis, a cat behaviour consultant with Feline Behavior Solutions, cats are notoriously misunderstood. “You have to put your ‘cat goggles’ on instead of your ‘people goggles’ and look at them through their eyes, not through yours,” advises Buis. Most of the Seattle resident’s working hours are devoted to dealing with two specific issues: house soiling and cat relationships. “The number one thing that you have to keep in mind…is that cats do what they do for a reason,” she says. “Usually when there are things that we don’t like, that’s a cat trying to meet an instinctual need or having an instinctual reaction to something.”

20 Frequently Misread Cat Behaviours “We bred dogs to do specific things and to live with us and to respond to our cues,” says Buis. “We didn’t do any of that with cats.” She adds, “Cats are acting the way that they would in the wild. They’re just a lot more complex than dogs are to read.” That complexity has led to these 20 feline behaviours— both positive and negative ones—often being misunderstood.

TOP PHOTO: CREATIVE CAT STUDIO/BIGSTOCK; BOTTOM LEFT PHOTO: CASTENOID/BIGSTOCK; RIGHT PHOTO: AKSENOVKO/BIGSTOCK

HOUSE SOILING

The behaviour that causes the most stress, grief, and confusion is house soiling. A cat who urinates or defecates outside the litter box is not being vengeful or spiteful but instead is trying to communicate that something is wrong—“and that something is either medical, emotional, or an issue with the litter box setup,” says Buis. A medical issue doesn’t necessarily mean a urinary problem. Any physical pain, from an ear infection to arthritis to a broken bone—all of which she has seen—could be causing the behaviour. An emotional cause might be a stressful change in the household, such as a new baby or an increased travel schedule. According to the cat’s logic, “I’m going to pee on all your stuff so that you know I love you,” says Buis. “It’s kind of a backhanded compliment. But it usually has to do with a self-soothing stress behaviour, where they want their scent mingled with your scent.” Or the litter box itself could be the problem, if it’s not kept clean enough or if it’s located in a dark or noisy location. “The cat is going to pee or poop where they feel the most safe and secure.” 2

behaviour frequently occurs only after some subtle body language that the owner has failed to register, such as the cat’s ears “turning and airplaning a little bit,” says Buis. “Or you may notice the skin start to twitch a little. They’re staring at each other, they’re not taking their eyes off each other, and then that skin starts to twitch… Or the tail might go from a leisurely swish to a really agitated swish.” In short, there are signs of your cat’s discomfort prior to any overt aggression, like fighting. Pay attention and you can address the cause. For example, adding more resources so your cats can “timeshare” or improving their bond by creating a group scent using a shared brush. 3 KNOCKING OVER ITEMS In popular culture, cats have earned a bit of a reputation as jerks for spitefully flicking items off tables and counters. In truth, “cats investigate things with their paws and mouth,” says Molly Kelsey, aka The Cat Counsellor, a feline behaviour consultant in Auckland, New Zealand. A cat might bat at something to see if it moves or does anything interesting. “Also, nine times out of 10, someone will respond to them and give them attention, so they figure out very quickly that if they move something from a height, a human will come over and talk to them or pick them up.” 4 LICKING THE LIPS A cat that licks its lips a lot might be salivating and anticipating food, as most people assume, but the action could also have a physiological cause such as sore gums, says Kelsey. “Behaviourally, it can be a sign of elevated stress or anxiety.” 5 EXPOSING THE BELLY “When a cat lies on its back and exposes its belly, many people interpret this as an invitation for a belly rub, similar to dogs. However, in cats, this posture can signify trust or a defensive position rather than an explicit desire for stomach pets, says Sabrina Kong, a veterinarian in Tracy, CA, and staff veterinary writer at We Love Doodles. “Attempting to pet a cat’s belly in this situation can lead to a swift negative reaction, as the belly is vulnerable.”

ACTING AGGRESSIVE TOWARD A NEW PET

What a human views as aggression or bullying can actually be the cat’s way of guarding their territory, protecting their resources, or showing fear of the new pet. The aggressive

6 BUNTING “Another commonly misunderstood behaviour is headbutting or bunting, where a cat pushes its head against a person,” says Kong. “Some might misread this as merely seeking attention for food or play, but it’s actually a significant sign of affection and trust, marking the person with their scent from glands located around their face.” moderncat.com

sits with their back to you, it means they do not like you,” says Claudette Nita, a cat trainer at Happy Kitty in Toronto, ON. “In fact, it’s them telling you they trust you completely.” What may initially seem like aloofness is actually a sign that the cat feels safe and contented enough not to be on alert for danger, the way they would with a potential predator nearby. 8

PURRING “Purring is a

behaviour that is often considered to be a sign of a happy cat—and for the most part, it is,” says Lucy Hoile, a feline behaviourist in England and author of The Book Your Cat Wishes You Would Read. “But cats can also purr when they are injured, as it is thought to aid healing or help them to self-soothe. It can also happen when they want something from their owner, such as when they are expecting food or want your attention.”

10 MEOWING Cats in the wild rarely meow to each other past kittenhood, communicating instead through scent, body language, facial expressions, grooming, and biting. “Meowing tends to only be directed toward people, rather than between cats, so this is a very positive behaviour,” says Hoile.

11 WAGGING THE TAIL “While dogs wag their tails to show excitement or happiness, cats’ tail movements can indicate agitation, fear, or, on rare occasions, playfulness,” says Mollie Newton, a veterinarian in Columbus, OH, and founder of PetMeTwice. “It is best not to have contact with cats if their tails are wagging, especially if it involves hissing.” 12

HISSING OR GROWLING

ACTING LETHARGIC

14 BLINKING SLOWLY “Owners may interpret slow blinking as a sign of sleepiness or disinterest,” says Georgina Ushi, a veterinarian based in Tampa, FL. Really, the opposite is true. “Slow blinking, or ‘cat kisses,’ is a gesture of trust and affection in cats. It signifies relaxation and a sense of security.”

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SHARING DEAD PREY

16 FLICKING THE TAIL When a cat flicks its tail, “some people may think the cat is irritated, but sometimes they’re simply concentrating on something intensely,” says Thompson.

“When cats feel threatened or scared, they may hiss or growl as a warning signal,” says Newton. “Some humans misinterpret these vocalizations as signs of anger or aggression toward them.” Because cats are unfairly characterized as lazy—especially compared to dogs—a cat’s lack of energy can easily be misunderstood or overlooked completely. “Lethargy can be a signal of discomfort,” says Newton, particularly “if it is associated with loss of appetite.” In that case, a vet visit is necessary to rule out serious illness.

9 HOLDING THE TAIL HIGH “Approaching a person with their tail up is a very positive behaviour that is often missed or considered normal behaviour,” says Hoile. “It is a really good sign that the cat likes you and is looking to say hi.”

“One positive cat behaviour I’ve noticed that humans often misinterpret is when a cat brings dead prey to their owner,” says Michael Thompson, a veterinarian and animal behaviourist in Austin, TX, and founder of Pets Food Safety. “While this might seem alarming or even gross, it’s actually a cat’s way of showing affection and sharing their ‘hunt’ with you, as they might do in the wild with their family.”

SCRATCHING FURNITURE

Far too often, scratching is misinterpreted as deliberately malicious destructive behaviour. “While this can be a sign of stress, it is often a normal behaviour related to territory marking, stretching, or nail maintenance,” says Thompson. 18 KNEADING “Kneading is sometimes misinterpreted as a mere comfort-seeking behaviour, reminiscent of a kitten’s actions to stimulate milk flow,” says Chicago veterinarian Kathryn Dench, chief veterinary advisor for Paw Origins. “While this is partially true, kneading also serves as a way for cats to mark their territory through scent glands in their paws, indicating a deeper, instinctual behaviour tied to their sense of security and ownership.” 19

CHATTERING AT BIRDS

“The peculiar chattering noise cats make when they spot birds or squirrels is often misunderstood as excitement,” says Dench. “While it does indicate a heightened state of emotion, experts believe it may also

PHOTOS LEFT TO RIGHT: YULIYA LAPKOVSKAYA/BIGSTOCK; PHOTOCREO MICHAL BEDNAREK/BIGSTOCK; KRISTINA BLOKHIN/BIGSTOCK

FACING AWAY FROM YOU “People think that when a cat 7

PHOTO ANDRZEJ PUCHTA/SHUTTERSTOCK

“The peculiar chattering noise cats make when they spot birds or squirrels is often misunderstood as excitement.”

be an instinctual mimicry of prey calls or a frustration response at not being able to reach the prey.” 20 HIDING “When cats hide more than usual, it’s often mistaken for mere preference for solitude,” says Dench. “While cats do enjoy their alone time, excessive hiding can indicate stress, fear, or illness.”

How to Better Understand Your Cat “Humans domesticated

dogs, and cats domesticated us, so cats’ brains haven’t really changed,” says Molly Kelsey. “Your cat is called a domestic cat, but they still have all the programming that a wild animal does.” She tells her clients that cats speak an entirely different language, one involving scent, vocalizations, and subtle body language. Though we can’t do much about scent, if we pay

close attention to a cat’s sounds and movements, we start to understand the cat better. She also advises all cat owners educate themselves, using resources such as the guides to feline body language that are readily available online. “Education goes a really long way.” Kathryn Dench encourages her clients to engage in daily play with their cats. “This not only strengthens the bond between the owner and their cat but also allows them to observe the cat’s behaviour and preferences closely. As well as helping you get familiar with your cat’s individual personality, this quality time together helps you notice any behavioural changes quickly.” Michael Thompson notes that far too often, we view cats through an anthropomorphic lens or expect them to be similar to dogs. “Since cats are less expressive than dogs and have evolved as solitary hunters,

their communication is subtler, demanding more attentiveness to understand,” he says. “To get better at understanding what our cats are trying to communicate, we should focus on spending quality time observing our pets in different scenarios. It’s crucial to learn about cat-specific behaviours and their meanings from reputable sources, such as veterinary literature or through consultations with animal behaviourists.” LeeAnna Buis knows from personal experience the value of a session with an expert. Though she had been around cats her entire life, it wasn’t until she adopted a difficult cat when she was in her 40s that she booked a session with a behaviour consultant. “By the end of that session, I was so dumbfounded by how much I didn’t know, how much I had gotten wrong, how much was my fault,” she says. “It’s our issues, not the cat’s issues, that are causing problems.”  moderncat.com

A Cat Lovers Dream Trip Famous cat-loving couple document their feline-focused travels in new book

uperstar cat couple Andrew Marttila, the renowned professional cat photographer, and Hannah Shaw, the author, educator, and rescuer better known as “Kitten Lady” to her 1.3 million-strong following, recently embarked on a trip of a lifetime. The couple visited 30 countries, documenting their cat-focused itinerary in their new book, Cats of the World. You’re going to want to get your paws on a copy. We asked the catobsessed duo about their incredible trip.

Q: What inspired your trip and, ultimately, the book documenting your travels? Between working professionally with cats, fostering neonatal kittens, and running a kitten welfare nonprofit, it’s always been difficult for Andrew and I to unplug...so we made a

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commitment to each other that we would take an international trip together once a year. But inevitably, our love of cats wasn’t just something we could leave at home. We would find ourselves on a Japanese cat island, rescuing a kitten in Peru, or visiting a cat rescue beach in Malaysia! We wanted to tell the stories of felines and their advocates all around the globe and to capture photos of cats living in some of the most unique, fascinating places on earth.

Q: What were your top three destinations and why? This is an impossible question to answer, but I'll give it a shot! One would have to be Kotor, Montenegro, a city with the unofficial nickname “The City of Cats” thanks to folklore dating back to the 14th century. It is said that cats saved

P H OT OS BY A N D R E W M A RT I L L A

Nepal

India

Hannah Shaw and Andrew Marttila on their trip.

TO P R I G H T P H OTO BY H A N N A H SH AW

Tanzania the city from the Black Plague, and cats have been a local mascot ever since. Kotor is a beautiful, fortified city surrounded by stone walls and breathtaking mountains, and it's lovely to see the appreciation that locals have for the cats. But the best part is that a local group, Kotor Kitties, has sterilized thousands of cats! Another top destination would have to be Pokhara, Nepal. We visited during Tihar—a very beautiful annual Hindu festival to honour various animals and deities. We were able to work with several local rescuers and witness the wonderful customs of adorning cats and dogs with marigold garlands and red tikka and bestowing them with special treats to honour their loyalty and importance during Kukur Tihar. It was very heartwarming to see how beloved these animals are—even those living on the street are worshipped and treated with dignity. Oh gosh—how can I choose a third city? Perhaps I’d say Zanzibar, Tanzania. Not only is it a gorgeous place, but the people are just so welcoming and warm—both to visitors and to the cats who share their community. It was moderncat.com

Greece

Croatia

absolutely fascinating to learn about how local rescuers help kittens in a place where there are almost no adoption prospects, but where the community truly comes together to help the cats on their block. The whole approach to caring for animals is very community-based, and it's really inspiring.

Q: What was the most challenging part?

Tanzania

Q: Who is this book for?

Because we were trying to do so much on a limited budget, we really had to grind to achieve these photos and stories. We sometimes had as little as 24 or 48 hours in a city, and our appointments were often back-to-back...so there was very little room for error if there was a weather issue or if a cat didn’t feel like participating! We prepared thoroughly for these trips in order to pack in as many photoshoots and interviews as possible, so these were often long, exhausting days. But it was worth it!

Anyone who loves cats, travel, and photography will love this book. It’s a visually beautiful exploration of the lives of cats and cat lovers around the world—but it’s also a fascinating peek at how history, culture, politics, religion, and so many other factors converge to influence our societal relationships with felines…we are so excited for people to get their hands on it!

Q: What is it like travelling and working together as a husband-and-wife duo?

For me, the biggest takeaway is that compassion truly exists around every corner. Maybe that sounds cheesy, but it's really true. If you go looking for kindness, you are bound to find it. It was pretty spectacular to find that whether we were visiting a small village in Greece, a major city in Chile, or a remote island in Kenya, there were always people who we could connect deeply with over our shared love of cats. 

We travel very well together, honestly! I am more of a planner: I want to make spreadsheets of exactly where we are going to be, at what time, with whom, and I do a ton of pre-calls and research to ensure the trip will be a success. But if something unexpected happens in the moment (and it often does), Andrew’s resourceful, flexible nature is really an asset. We balance each other very well!

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Q: Biggest takeaway?

Visit catsofthe.world to see a selection of photos from the book, watch videos from their travels, and learn more.

from $

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Kitangle’s Slope Style XL litter box was designed to be in plain sight, solving the issue of where your cat wants the litter box and your desire to hide it! Easily fits into small spaces and along walls, and boasts a sturdy, seamless design, meaning there’s nowhere for urine to hide. Bonus: the lid is optional and can be removed for easy cleaning and scooping! kitangle.com

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Reduce whisker fatigue, prevent indigestion, and elevate your cat’s feeding time with the Relish Bundle from Catenary! Includes an elevated ceramic cat bowl, a classic ceramic cat bowl, and two silicone pet food mats. The durable ceramic bowls are dishwasher safe, easy to clean, and are compatible with wet food, dry food, and water! catenaryhome.com

How to Transition an

OUTSIDE CAT to an

P H OTO V I TA L I Y H R A B A R / S H U TT E R STO C K

INSIDE CAT Expert strategies for a smooth transition By Mieshelle Nagelschneider, Cat Behaviourist, cat behaviour author, and host of My Cat from Hell

So,

you’ve spotted a cat outside frolicking and you’re dreaming of them lounging on your couch instead of your lawn. Or, maybe the cat appears to be lost or in need of medical help, like so many homeless cats, and you want to provide a safe place for them to stay until you find them a forever home. Whatever the reason, bringing an outside cat indoors can be a challenging but rewarding experience. Whether the cat is feral, semi-feral, or an ex-housecat gone rogue, transitioning them to an indoor life requires patience, understanding, and careful planning. Here are some strategies and tips to make the transition as smooth as possible.

Former Indoor Cats: These cats may have been abandoned

Assess the Cat’s Background and Temperament

 Create a Safe Space: Set up a quiet room with a litter

Feral Cats: These cats have had little to no human interaction

and are typically very wary of people. Transitioning a feral cat to an indoor environment will be the most challenging and time-consuming. Certain feral cats are not good candidates to live indoors, but in general, all cats are very adaptable to change, and most will adapt to indoor life. Semi-Feral Cats: These cats have had some interaction with humans and may have been fed by people or lived near human dwellings. Picture these guys as the middle child— curious about humans but still playing it cool. They are more accustomed to people and may be more adaptable to indoor life.

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or lost. They can be very friendly with people or at least much more comfortable and usually adapt more quickly to being indoors again. Possible Pets: Occasionally, the outdoor kitty you’ve set your sights on already has a human family. Make sure you’re not accidentally adopting someone else’s furry friend!

MICROCHIP SCANNING A veterinarian can scan a cat for a microchip that provides contact information for the owner or shelter where he/she was adopted.

Initial Steps for All Cats

box, food, water, comfortable bedding, and a hiding place (i.e. under the bed or a cat tree with a cubby space). This room will be the cat’s sanctuary where they can feel secure as they adjust to their new environment.  Visit a Veterinarian: It’s essential to get a health checkup as soon as possible. This includes a physical exam, recommended diagnostic work, vaccinations, deworming, prescription flea treatment, and spaying/neutering if not already done. If you already have existing cats or dogs, it’s important this be done before introducing them.  Identification: Have the cat microchipped and collared with an ID tag. This can help prevent any Houdini-like escape acts from ending in a lost kitty. If the cat escapes,

they can be returned to you. Your vet will also check to see if the cat has a preexisting microchip.

Specific Strategies Based on Cat Type FERAL CATS

Gradual Acclimation: Start by

feeding the cat near your home to build trust. Gradually move the food closer to the entrance of your house and eventually inside.

Use a Humane Trap:

Minimize Human Interaction Initially: Allow the cat to explore

Sometimes, you need to resort to a humane trap to bring these wary wanderers inside.

their new surroundings without human interference. Sit quietly in the room to get them used to your presence, but avoid direct interaction at first (i.e. no eye contact or attempts to pet, and no direct approaching). You will need to maintain a non-confrontational distance of at least 10 feet. Let them get used to the environment without the added stress of a looming human presence. Provide Enrichment: Offer toys, scratching posts, and vertical spaces to help the cat feel more comfortable and engaged in their new environment. If you can engage the cat with a wanded toy, this is the fast track to helping them become less fearful, leading to a quicker acclimation to the new environment and to you.

P H OTO SV E T L A N A R E Y / SH U TT E R STO CK

SEMI-FERAL CATS

Building Trust: Semi-feral cats

might already have some trust in humans. Spend time sitting quietly in the room, offering treats and speaking softly to help them get used to your presence. Interactive Play: Engage the cat with wand toys and other interactive play to build a positive association with being indoors and with you. Activating their predatory aggression will help them feel less fearful and more confident. Consistency: Keep a consistent schedule for interaction to help the cat feel more secure and establish a routine.

2 3

CONVENTIONAL FEEDING ADVICE ALERT Gone are the days

of only feeding cats twice a day. Infrequent feeding leads to stress and behaviour issues in cats. Cats are designed to eat frequently. Three to four meals a day is much more humane. Be sure to know the weight of your cat and follow the feeding guidelines for your cat’s weight on the food label. “Cats fed on timed, human schedules, tend to be less cooperative and more aggressive than cats allowed to eat on their own schedules.” — Excerpt from Mieshelle’s book, The Cat Whisperer, Random House Publishing

FORMER INDOOR CATS

Familiar Items: Provide familiar

items such as cat beds, a variety of different toys, cat scratchers, cat trees and cat treats to make them feel more at home. The cat may even respond to the word “treat” like so many cats do! Gradual Integration: Allow the cat to explore the house gradually, starting with their safe space and expanding their territory over time. Be sure the cat has been thoroughly checked out by a veterinarian before you expose it to other animals in the home. Positive Reinforcement: Use treats and affection to reinforce positive behaviours and help the cat adjust more quickly. Play time is one of the best ways to help a cat forget about its worries.

“Cats fed on timed, human schedules, tend to be less cooperative and more aggressive than cats allowed to eat on their own schedules.” —EXCERPT FROM MIESHELLE’S BOOK, THE CAT WHISPERER, RANDOM HOUSE PUBLISHING

2 3

CATNIP This safe cat grass can be a particularly helpful behaviour tool in helping cats relax, reduce anxiety, and activate playful behaviour, which can help reduce fear.

General Tips for All Cats

Patience is a Virtue:

Transitioning from outdoor to indoor life is a significant change for any cat. Be patient and allow them to adjust at their own pace. On average, it takes approximately three months for cats to feel like your home is now their home. Feral cats can take as long as one year. moderncat.com

Behaviour Watch: Watch for signs of stress, such as

hiding, aggression, or changes in eating habits. Address these issues promptly by consulting with a veterinarian or a feline behaviourist.

Stimulate Their Senses: Indoor life can get boring

fast, especially compared to outdoor life. Provide plenty of toys, climbing structures, and a window perch for bird-watching. When in doubt, maneuver a wanded toy for the cat two to three times daily and use battery-operated toys for when you cannot play with the cat. Hunting behaviour is their most fear-free behaviour and can help them acclimate much more quickly.

Ensure Proper Nutrition: Provide

high-quality cat food and make sure they always have fresh water available. Consider their specific dietary needs, especially if they were malnourished while living outside. In many cases, it may be best to leave food always available, especially in the beginning. This is best done with dry food, but you can still feed canned food two to three times a day in addition to the dry food.

Litter Box Training: Most cats will instinctively use a

litter box, but you may need to show them where it is. For feral or semi-feral cats, it may take some time for them to get

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used to using it consistently. Uncovered litter boxes are your best choice because if the cat is too fearful, they may be wary of entering a covered box that would reduce escape potential.

6 7

Escape Artists Beware: Secure windows and doors

to prevent accidental getaways. Consider using double doors, door screens, or baby gates for added security.

Provide Vertical Space and Hides: Cats feel safer

when they have vertical space to retreat and survey their new territory. Provide cat trees, shelves, or other elevated areas where the cat can observe their environment from a safe vantage point. They may also prefer low-to-the-ground hiding areas called hides. This can simply be space under a human guest bed, a cat tunnel, or a cat play tent.

Gradual Socialization: Slowly introduce the cat to

other household pets and family members. Supervise interactions to ensure they are positive and stress-free for the cat. Again, only do this once your cat has been checked out by the veterinarian. The sooner you can administer flea treatment, the better! Transitioning an outdoor cat to an indoor life isn’t just about moving them from point A to point B. It’s a journey filled with love, patience, and plenty of humor. Whether your new feline friend is a feral, a semi-feral, or a once-lost housecat, these tips will help make their transition smooth and successful. With a little effort and a lot of heart, you’ll soon have a content indoor kitty purring happily by your side. 

TO P P H OTO A N T I BY D N I / SH U TT E R STO C K ; I N S E T P H OT O TO R R I N G / B I G STO CK

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Meet

Brown

Cats

Breeds, coat patterns, and fun facts about these feline friends

P H OTO R A SH I D VA L I TOV / SH U TT E R S TO C K

the

hen we think about unique and interesting cats, “brown” probably isn’t what comes to mind. However, while some brown may be commonly found in cat coats, the all brown coat is actually very rare.

In the feline world, shades and patterns of brown coats fall into two categories: common and uncommon. The brown tabby coat, for example, is extremely common. Cats with a solid brown coat? Well, that’s a different story altogether.

The Only All-Brown Cat: Meet the Havana Brown

(Pictured Above)

The rarest of all cats with a brown coat is the Havana Brown. This is the only cat breed that comes exclusively in brown. In fact, except for those beautiful green eyes, this breed is entirely brown: fur, nose, paw pads—even the whiskers.

The Havana Cat was developed in England during the 1950s, where fanciers crossed Siamese cats with black cats in pursuit of a cat with a solid, rich brown colour. Over time, breeding efforts focused on retaining the brown colour while eliminating the pointed Siamese coat pattern. The name

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refers to the rich brown colour that is a trademark of Cuban cigars. While still quite rare, the breed has gained popularity outside of England and can be found throughout the United States and Europe.

Other Popular Brown Cat Breeds Some cat breeds come in a full brown coat option.

The Burmese was developed in

South-east Asia in the country now known as Myanmar and is a strikingly beautiful cat that can be all-brown. The coat is traditionally solid in colour with the most common being sable—a rich, dark brown shade, though they also come in other colours, like champagne, blue, and platinum. These are social and affectionate cats, medium-sized with a muscular build and a distinctive round head. Their eyes are large and expressive and most commonly gold or yellow.

The Burmese

The exotic-looking Bengal is the result of crossbreeding between domestic cats with wild Asian Leopard Cats. Playful and athletic, Bengals are known for their striking, leopard-

TO P P H OTO SE R EG R A F F / A D O B E STO CK P H OTO WO F F / B I G STO CK

By Kelly Caldwell

The Spotted Tabby

Brown Patterned Coats

There are also several different brown coat patterns in cats. Let’s look at a few.

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The Bengal

like appearance. These muscular and athletic cats are great hunters, but it’s that coat for which they’re most famous. Bengal cats come in shades of mahogany and their spots can be very well-defined. While commonly found in shades of brown, the Bengal does come in other coat colours, such as silver, charcoal, and snow. Next up, we have one of the oldest cat breeds—the Abyssinian. This beautiful feline has captivated people for centuries. We know their history dates to ancient Egypt, but their earliest origins remain shrouded in mystery. The Abyssinian’s coat is one of its most defining features. Coat colours include ruddy, red, blue, and fawn, but reddish-brown tones are the most common. The Abyssinian is medium in size with a slender, finebody body and large, expressive eyes. These cats are natural athletes known for their love of play and big jumps. They’re also very affectionate and social—happy to be a part of whatever is going on in the home.

The Abyssinian

The Ticked Tabby is one of the

most common coat patterns found among domestic cats and is also sometimes referred to as Classic Tabby. It shows up in many shades of brown, ranging from a light tan to a deep chocolate. Individual hairs are banded with these varying colours, and the effect is a speckled or saltand-pepper appearance. There are no clearly defined stripes or spots on this coat pattern. The Ticked Tabby

The Spotted Tabby is yet another

eye-catching variation. Cats with this coat have an exotic look, characterized by circular markings across the body. The spots can vary in size and shape and may appear on the back, sides, leg—and sometimes on the face and tail. As with the other tabby patterns, this coat comes in a wide variety of colours and shades, including brown. Next up is the Tortoiseshell pattern, or “Tortie,” as it’s referred to by devotees. This pretty pattern is like a patchwork with two distinct colours, most typically black or dark brown and red or orange. When blended, they form unique marbled patterns. The look of Tortoiseshells varies significantly from cat to cat.

The Mackerel Tabby is another

common pattern which comes in shades of brown as well as other colours. This striking coat is characterized by narrow, vertical stripes that run parallel along the body and resemble the bones of a fish skeleton—hence the name. The cat’s head typically features narrow stripes that run across the forehead and cheeks. The Mackerel Tabby

Tortoiseshell Some breeds, notably the Siamese and the Balinese, feature a distinctive coat pattern where the fur on their extremities—ears, face, paws, and tail— appears darker than the rest of their bodies. This is referred to as a Pointed pattern and often these darker areas appear in shades of brown, ranging from light caramel to rich chocolate. As you can see, plenty of cats display a brown coat pattern, come in a shade of brown or, in one case, come exclusively in brown. On the flip side, plenty of cat breeds don’t come in a brown coat whatsoever. These include the Bombay, Russian Blue, Burmilla, and Chartreux. The brown cat is anything but average. With so many coat variants, shades, and patterns, there’s more than meets the eye—and plenty to love—about each of these cats.  moderncat.com

Discovered:

Surprising Reason Cats Scratch Furniture As

anyone with a shredded couch can attest, cats scratching furniture is a common complaint. It’s also an innate behaviour, meaning cats need an outlet to satisfy their desire to scratch. What’s a frustrated cat lover to do? A new study published in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science reveals secret motivations behind scratching and suggests feline-friendly ways to manage the behaviour. “Our findings can help caregivers manage and redirect scratching to appropriate materials, which could help foster a more harmonious living environment for both cats and their caregivers,” says Dr. Yasemin Salgirli Demi̇rbas, a veterinary researcher at Ankara University and author of the study. The researchers surveyed over 1,200 cat owners in France about their cats' daily habits, personality traits, and scratching behaviours. What they discovered were significant links between scratching behaviour and factors such as the presence of children in the home, the cat’s temperament, and activity levels. “We see a clear link between certain environmental and behavioural factors and increased scratching behaviour in cats,” explains Dr. Salgirli Demi̇rbas. “Specifically, the presence of children in the home as well as high levels of play and nocturnal activity significantly contribute to increased scratching. Cats described as aggressive or disruptive also exhibited higher levels of scratching.” Stress, such as that caused by young children in the home, was found to be a leading cause of unwanted scratching. The

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Adapting play sessions and strategically placing scratching posts can help diminish and redirect your cat’s scratching.

study also found that cats that exhibited high levels of play and nocturnal activity scratched more. The good news is there are strategies that can help curb the behaviour. Aim to provide multiple scratching posts in your cat’s favourite areas (usually indicated by where they are already scratching). Reduce your cat’s stress by providing vertical space and hiding spots they can retreat to. Pheromone sprays and diffusers have been shown to promote calm. And play sessions help your cat expend energy—just be sure to let your cat catch their “prey” to avoid creating frustration. Multiple short play sessions throughout the day that mimic successful hunting scenarios are best, according to Salgirli Demi̇rbas’ team. Though the link between children and increased scratching is not totally understood, realizing this as a potential cause of stress and providing your cat with ways to escape unwanted attention may help save your furniture!

P H OTO TAT I A N A / A D O B E STO CK

A new study reveals the real reason cats scratch furniture—and what to do about it

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Human Foods You Can Share with Your Cat IF

you’ve sat at the dining table with your cat at your feet, you’ve probably wondered if you can share a tidbit of your dinner with your cat. Cats have specific dietary needs, and some foods can be bad for cats (they can develop diabetes if fed foods high in sugar, for example) or end up at the vet if fed foods that are toxic to felines. That said, there are lots of human foods that are safe—and healthy!—to share with your cat. Read on for healthy human foods you can safely share. Just remember that moderation is key. In general, additional foods should make up no more than 10 percent of your cat’s regular diet. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your vet.

LEAN MEATS: Cats are

obligate carnivores, meaning they have a biological requirement for a meat-based 46 moderncat F A LL · WIN TE R 2 0 2 4 / 2 5

diet. Cats have no need for carbohydrates. (Dogs, on the other hand, are omnivorous.). This means cats love meat. Choose lean, cooked meats free of added spices and sauces to avoid stomach upset. The meats should also be unprocessed—processed meats are considered a class one carcinogen.

COOKED FISH: Most cats love fish. Packed with

omega-3 fatty acids and amino acids, proteinrich fish is an excellent human food to offer your cat. Just make sure the fish you’re sharing with your cat is free of salt and spices. As a general rule, limit fish intake to 10 percent of your cat’s diet or less.

COOKED EGGS: Cooked

eggs are a great choice for sharing with cats! Eggs are a perfect protein, highly digestible, and packed with nutrients like amino acids. Scrambled, hardboiled—however you choose to prepare them is fine. Just skip the fat and the salt. Eggs make a wonderful occasional treat many cats adore.

PEAS: Peas are a low-

calorie, high-fiber vegetable many cats enjoy. Many commercial cat foods contain peas. Fed as a treat, peas can help with constipation. If you have unshelled peas, remove the pod before giving them to your cat, as the pods can be hard to digest.

WATERMELON:

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Watermelon is popular with many cats— and its high water content is a bonus if you worry your cat is not drinking enough! Watermelon is also high in sugars, however, so this should be an occasional treat.

STEAMED BROCCOLI: Broccoli is an excellent cat-safe vegetable. Fibrous and packed with antioxidants,

it is thought to be a cancer-fighter, reducing free radicals, and can also help keep your cat regular. Serve steamed and sparingly.

CARROTS: Cooked carrots are another

cat-safe vegetable found in many commercial cat foods. They are rich in betacarotene, the antioxidant responsible for the vibrant orange colour. The beta-carotene converts into vitamin A, which is great for cats—and humans too. Carrots also contain vitamins E and K, manganese, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, dietary fiber, and folate. Feed cooked carrots as a treat and in small amounts—raw carrots are not recommended for cats as they are harder to digest and may prove a choking hazard.

BLUEBERRIES: Antioxidant-rich

blueberries can be a healthy treat for your cat. They can be fun, too—small and round, some cats like to bat them around the floor before eating them. Be sure to offer your cat only one or two blueberries— more and you risk stomach upset. 

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BODY & SOUL

Incredible Abstract Art Created from Ashes A very cool way to remember a beloved pet.

ou wouldn’t guess it, but the incredible abstract art pieces created by EverAfter are generated from ashes. Each stunning piece is a one-of-a-kind embodiment of the essence of someone’s beloved pet. Upon receiving the ashes, the lab team puts them through a process that causes a unique chemical reaction resulting in the formation of microscopic crystals. By imaging the microscopic crystals in the ash, natural abstract patterns, shapes, and colours are revealed. High-resolution images of the microscopic reaction are taken, which transforms your pet’s unique chemistry into an amazing work of art. What you see is the actual unique crystal formation, not something created by computer programs or imaging software. Each piece is an entirely unique representation of that pet, creating a beautiful way to remember a loved soul.

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BODY & SOUL

Elevate Your Litter Box Experience

litter box duties. With LoftyLoo, Diane can now clean the litter box on her own. “You like to do things yourself, even if you are old,” she says.

Height Advantage Raised litter station makes litter box maintenance easier for seniors and disabled cat lovers

leaning a cat’s litter box can be difficult and even dangerous for older or disabled cat lovers. People with persistent pain, arthritis, and other chronic illnesses often struggle with this dreaded task. For wheelchair users, cleaning cat litter boxes is nearly impossible.

A Game Changer

Finally, there’s an ADA-accessible litter box solution that allows cat owners to clean the litter box while safely seated or in a standing position. LoftyLoo Raised Litter Station is a needs-based product developed “out of love and necessity” to address the requirements of cat owners suffering from physical limitations.

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Recommended by veterinarians, this elevated litter box is designed with both feline and owner needs in mind. The higher position helps cats feel secure while addressing the physical challenges many cat-caregivers face, providing a wheelchair-accessible solution that eases the burden of litter box maintenance. It also helps prevent dogs from accessing the litter, making it a game changer for multi-pet homes.

A Solution for Disabled and Elderly Cat Owners

Diane from Missouri hasn’t been able to care for her cat independently in years, relying on her daughters to handle the

Traditional litter boxes often fail to consider the physical needs of cat owners, leading to potential neglect and, ultimately, house-soiling issues. With LoftyLoo, cleaning is straightforward and manageable, reducing stress for both cats and their caregivers. It’s better for cats, too, says Dr. James Peterson, a Kansas City veterinarian. LoftyLoo is designed to cater to cats’ natural behaviours and instincts. The elevated position satisfies a cat’s preference for high places, offering them a sense of security and control. Its open, quiet design prevents the anxiety that enclosed or noisy automated boxes can cause. “Healthy cats naturally feel safer and more secure when their litter box is elevated and away from other animals,” says Dr. Peterson. “An elevated litter box allows cats to do their business in a safe and comfortable space, reducing anxiety and promoting overall wellbeing for all.” 

PHOTO LOFTYLOO

Diane in Kansas City, MO sits to clean LoftyLoo

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Olfactory

Enrichment for

CATS O

UR CATS use scent in ways that humans can hardly imagine. Cats have many more odour receptors in their noses than we do (meaning they have a much better sense of smell). They use their powerful noses to learn about things in their environment, as well as for social (scent) communication with other cats. We can take advantage of that fantastic sense of smell to enrich our cats’ lives. Here are three great ways to expand your cat’s horizons through their nose.

Eufloria: Plants that Cats Love

Most people know about catnip, a plant in the mint family known for the euphoric response it elicits in our feline friends. But cats can enjoy several other plants too. The most effective alternatives to catnip include silver vine, Tatarian honeysuckle, and valerian root, but cats have also been known to respond to the scent of green olives (pits removed for safety please!), palo santo, and cat thyme. Cats respond to different chemicals in these plants, including nepetalactone (catnip), nepetalactol (silver vine), and actinidia polygamy (silver

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vine and valerian). These chemicals activate the pleasure system in the brain, so they can provide a positive experience for kitty. The “catnip response” is genetic. Around 60 percent of cats show this response, which typically develops when cats are around six months old.

Why Do Cats Have a Catnip Response?

Until recently, the potential benefits of the catnip response were not well understood. But a 2021 study from Iwate University in Japan found that, at least in the case of silver vine, there are reasons to love it! Nepalactol from silver vine was successful in both repelling mosquitoes and preventing cats who rubbed in silver vine from being bitten by mosquitoes! The “catnip response” is both pleasurable and potentially protective as mosquitoes can be a source of parasites for cats.

No Reason Not to Indulge

Another study of silver vine from the same research team found that it is safe to use. Cats did not show any signs of “addiction” and there were no negative physical effects from regular use. So, there’s no reason not to indulge your kitty in this fun habit!

Nosework: No Catnip Response Required! Does your cat like food? Then they

can enjoy nosework! Nosework is any activity that allows your cat to utilize their sense of smell to explore their environment.

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Fun ways to enrich your cat’s life by considering their incredible sense of smell! By Dr. Mikel Delgado

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You may have heard of dogs who are trained to use their noses to find things for humans, such as drugs (detection dogs) or even rare species (conservation dogs). Many dog guardians use nosework “games” to enrich their dogs’ lives. The good news is that cat parents can do so too!

Quick Tips for Using Olfactory Enrichment: Know your cat! Some cats enjoy all forms of cat-safe plants, while others are more discriminating. So don’t give up if your cat doesn’t respond to catnip—a 2017 study, published in the journal BMC Veterinary Research found that even more cats had a positive response to silver vine.

Don’t force it. Offer your cat scent enrichment by placing it somewhere

your cat is comfortable, for example on the floor, or on a towel or dish. Allow your cat to approach it and investigate as they wish.

Experiment: Some cats prefer fresh plants to dried. Some plants also come in powders or as twigs. Try different forms to see what your cat likes best.

Watch your cat’s behaviour: When enjoying olfactory enrichment,

a lot of cats show behaviours that indicate pleasure, such as rubbing and rolling. A few cats may become excited and may bite and scratch if handled while enjoying catnip. They may even chase other cats. Leave your cat alone when they are indulging, and if necessary, separate cats in the multi-cat household so everyone can enjoy their herb in peace.

Clean up: Put away catnip/scent toys when not in use; cats’ responses decrease when toys/plants are left out all the time.

Hanna Fushihara is a dog and cat trainer, and founder of the website Nosework Cats (noseworkcats.com), where she offers online courses about nosework for cats. I asked her how readers can try these fun games with their cats, and why they should. Fushihara says it’s all about gradually increasing your cat’s food-finding skill level. “We can go from something simple and basic to creating more challenging scent puzzles for them,” she says. “It's something that your cat is naturally good at, and all you have to do is set up a scenario that your cat can have fun in.” Fushihara has worked with all types of kitties, from indoor cats, to cats enjoying the outdoors on a harness, to shelter cats, and even kitties with disabilities. “Any cat can do this!” she enthuses. Fushihara suggests an easy game to get started: “In a relatively small room, with your cat initially out of view, hide a few

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PHOTO SAMSONOVS/BIGSTOCK

treats in different areas. Sit back and watch your cat figure it out! When is it that you think your cat is using their nose rather than their eyes?” This is a great opportunity to observe your cat’s behaviour, and appreciate how differently they experience their environment than we do: could YOU find those treats by smell alone? (Note: You can easily adapt this game for wet food or lickables by placing small yogurt lids around the room with a small dab of food on each). Nosework can encourage your cat to explore their environment, which can be both entertaining and a confidence-booster. Fushihara encourages cat guardians not to get too focused on the endgame but to have fun with their cat. “If people think about how when they’re playing hide and seek, it's not when you find the person that's supposed to be fun. It’s looking for them…is there a person in this room, or underneath this thing? For cats and dogs, the searching for the treat, the journey should be the fun part,” she says. You can learn more about Fushihara’s Nosework Cats courses on her social media (@noseworkcats on Instagram and YouTube) and at noseworkcats.com.

Scent Distribution: Promoting this Natural Behaviour

Cats have several scent glands on their cheeks, forehead, chin, and paws. When your cat rubs on objects or scratches, they are depositing their scent. Although we cannot smell these scents, cats can. These scent marks are an important way that your cat claims their territory—much like we like to decorate our walls or desks. We can make our cat feel more at home by honouring this natural need to scent mark. Here’s how:

Avoid overpowering artificial scents or essential oils or

incense. Not only can they be intense to our cat’s sensitive noses, but they can cover up the traces of their own scent that they’ve worked so hard to deposit on bedding, doorways, corners—even the edges of our laptops!

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We can go from something simple and basic to creating more challenging scent puzzles for them. Give your cat plenty of scratching options. Give your

cat multiple places and ways to scratch, including vertically and horizontally. Research suggests that sisal and cardboard are preferred scratching textures for most cats. Make sure all scratching posts are tall, sturdy and in prominent locations— cats often like to scratch near where they eat, rest, or greet you. Your furniture will thank you, too!

Rub a dub dub. Many cats will naturally

rub on objects in the home, but you can also set up corner combers that fit around doorways, or self-grooming stations, like the Catit Senses 2.0 Wellness Centre ($40, catit.ca), that allow your cat to roll and rub on them to their heart’s content.

Loving our cats means respecting their unique and exquisite sense of smell. By encouraging these natural, healthy, and fun scent-related behaviours, we help our cats express their cat-ness in an often-overlooked way. At the same time, we can develop a deeper appreciation of the things that their noses can do that ours cannot! 

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Top 5 Tips for Play Why and how to play with your cat

laying with your cat has many benefits, from staving off boredom to encouraging movement. It provides an outlet for their innate predatory instincts, prevents behaviour problems, and provides exercise and mental engagement. But many cat guardians report that their cat just isn’t that into playing. Dr. Mikel Delgado, a cat behaviour expert and author of the new book Play With Your Cat!, explains exactly how to tempt seemingly play-averse cats into playtime. (Hint: Be the prey.)

#1 Act Like Prey. #2 Move the Toy Slower. #3 Vary Your Movements.

Make the toy flutter and hop like a bird, slither like a snake, buzz around like a bee, hide in a hole like a mouse! Slower. Maybe even a little slower.

Cats get bored with the same thing, so be sure to change it up—try moving the toy on the ground and in the air, or along a wall. Alternate between fast and slow movements. Move the toy in one direction and then another—and pay attention to what your cat responds to best!

#4 When all else fails, #5 Make sure the cat is

use the stick end of the toy, moving it under a towel or rug.

successful in their hunt and has time to handle and interact with their prey (however they prefer to do so!).

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PRO TIP

Playing with your cat can prevent behaviour problems.

Can’t Won’t Play?

I hear from a lot of people that their cat isn't interested in playtime, but many cat owners think that playtime means leaving a bunch of small, "solo" play toys (such as ping pong balls, little fuzzy mice) lying around on the floor. Although these types of toys may capture your cat's attention briefly, it's important to recognize that when we talk about playing with our cats, we mean reenacting the hunting experience for them! Those balls and mice quickly become dead prey. This is where interactive play makes all the difference! By moving a toy—specifically an interactive wand toy with a lure on the end—we can mimic live prey and give our cats the next best thing to hunting! When I've worked with clients who said their cats didn't play and had the opportunity to demonstrate some new toys and different ways to move them, without fail I could get those cats to play!

From Play With Your Cat! The Essential Guide to Interactive Play for a Happier, Healthier Feline by Mikel Maria Delgado, published by TarcherPerigee.

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End-ofLife Pet Doulas How a death doula can help bring peace at the end of your pet’s life By Sheri Radford

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“In

dominant Western culture, we’re not taught how to meet death. We’re just told not to die,” says Sarah Kerr. “But when dying is where you’re going, how do you actually do that well?” Working as a death doula in Victoria, BC, Kerr has spent much time thinking about dying and grieving, along with the rituals surrounding these acts. She founded the Centre for Sacred Deathcare to help individuals face death—whether their own, another person’s, or a beloved animal’s—with “more grace and more confidence.” She offers support and guidance at every step of the journey, “leading up to the last breath, at the last breath, after the last breath.” From the outside, Kerr’s job might seem morbid or depressing, but she insists the opposite is true. “It is enlivening and invigorating and inspiring, because I get to see and be in these spaces of incredible love.” If your precious pet has reached their own end-of-life journey, a death doula or pet-loss companion can help you in several ways.

Discussing Death When your dog

or cat is dying, it’s often difficult to find a friend or family member who can discuss the situation without becoming uncomfortable or interrupting with conversation-ending platitudes. A death doula listens, commiserates, and offers practical advice based on their experience. “Western society has this very big taboo, this aversion to death, even though it is a companion to life. You can’t have life without death,” says Kristina Bohler Golden, an end-oflife doula in St. Louis, MO, who cofounded the death-positive festival Last Call and teaches in the International Doula Life Movement’s Certified Pet Doula Program. “Everyone will experience it. Everyone will go through it. So it’s not something that we should shy away from or be afraid of.” But many people feel so awkward even mentioning death that they stay silent and let a grieving person suffer alone. Golden says, “Any time somebody suffers from grief, it’s

incredibly isolating. But when you suffer from the loss of a pet, it’s even more so because you feel like you can’t talk to anybody about it, because they’re going to try to make you feel better by saying, ‘Well, it wasn’t your grandma.’” Part of Golden’s role is simply to listen. “I’m there if you just want to talk to somebody and feel validated,” she says. “You’re suffering from a loss that maybe other people in your life don’t understand.” Tracey Walker expresses similar feelings regarding our cultural taboos around difficult topics. A death doula in Grand Rapids, MI, she designed the curriculum for the University of New England’s new End-of-Life Pet Doula Professional Certificate, an online program for non-medical care providers. “Talking about sex won’t make you pregnant. Talking about death won’t kill you,” she says. “We’re not manifesting it. We’re preparing ourselves.”

Is It Time? A death doula can serve as a

sounding board and support system for anyone facing the most gut-wrenching decisions a pet owner ever has to make: if euthanasia is the most humane option left, when to schedule it for, and whether to do it in a veterinary office or at home. Walker considers it part of her job to help a pet owner recognize when it’s time. After all, as she points out, pets “can’t verbally tell us that they would like to die—which, quite frankly, happens with a lot of my human clients.” Having a knowledgeable and compassionate third party involved in the whole process offers solace to the pet owner, Walker says. “If the practical aspects are taken care of, that seems to alleviate some of the emotional burden, because then they can be there emotionally and connect with their pet versus dealing with, ‘Am I doing the right thing? Should we wait? Should I call somebody else?’” Coleen Ellis, who is based in Dallas, TX, founded the first pet funeral home in the United States over two decades ago and now runs Two Hearts Pet Loss Center, which she also founded. “Even though the definition of euthanasia is ‘good or fortunate

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death,’ it doesn’t feel like that,” she says, and she mentions the heavy burden of having to make that decision. A death doula can ease some of that burden.

Planning a Good End The idea

of an end-of-life bucket list for a dying human is nothing new, but few people think to apply the same concept to animals. Whenever Ellis is called in to help a pet owner “walk in that anticipatory grief journey,” she often suggests compiling a bucket list specific to the animal. “I want us to put ourselves out six months from now, and I want us to look back on this time, and I want us to ask ourselves this question: ‘What can I do right now so that I don’t have a coulda, shoulda, woulda when it’s over?’” she says. “When that day comes, I want us to be able to truly say the end was perfect.” The bucket list might include activities such as visits to a specific park—even if the dog has to be pulled in a wagon—or trips to the fast-food drive-through for your pet’s favourite indulgence. Ellis talks about one pet owner who heeded her advice. The woman painted a large portrait of her beloved pooch, then she and her ailing dog spent three days completing every item on the bucket list. On the day of the scheduled euthanasia, she used sidewalk chalk to draw a rainbow on her driveway. Friends and family walked over the rainbow before coming into the house to say their goodbyes. The dog was then put to sleep on the rainbow while surrounded by loved ones. For the next few days, the woman kept the dog’s body lying under the portrait, so more people could pay their respects. She sobbed as she later told Ellis, “The end was perfect. There’s not one regret. There’s not one thing I didn’t do.” This dog’s end-of-life experience, Ellis says, was “a crescendo to a life well lived, a life loved, a life shared.” Then there was the client whose cat adored snuggling in the sock drawer. “I said then what I might recommend is when we put him to peace, he is put to peace in the sock drawer, where he’s surrounded by his heaven on earth,” Ellis recalls. “And that’s what they did.”

Permission to Grieve “What if

people think I’m weird?” is a question Ellis often hears. “Then tell them to leave your house,” she always responds. “Do what you need to do to honour your baby.” A big part of her work involves normalizing the grieving process for her clients.

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Rituals Pet owners sometimes worry that it’s

inappropriate to hold a funeral or memorial service for an animal, or they fear that the ceremony will feel dry and impersonal. But Dwyer—who is a deeply religious person himself—assures clients there’s no need to get hung up on the sometimes rigid-seeming dictates of organized religion. “We can do whatever you would like,” he says. “If you’re Christian, that doesn’t mean you have to use scripture. You can use a poem. If you’re Jewish and you’d like to use a New Testament scripture, you can do that. This is not a cookie-cutter operation.” He advises, “Open your mind and heart to what is going to give you the most peace.” Rituals are crucial to a healthy grieving process. “Every culture around the world has understood you need a ritual after a death,” says Sarah Kerr, whose doctorate is in transformative learning with a focus on ritual and rites of passage. “A good funeral is a grief ritual that holds space for our grief and helps us process our grief and gives us a way to be in community and acknowledge our grief and be supported in our grief.” One memorial service that Coleen Ellis helped to organize was for a tabby cat named Vincent. After the service ended, one of the attendees sheepishly admitted, “I only came to this because I wanted to see what a funeral for a cat would look like.” When Ellis asked what he thought of the service for Vincent, he responded, “I can only hope my funeral is this beautiful when I die.” Kristina Bohler Golden describes helping grieving clients by organizing craft nights where they make collages and scrapbooks of pet photos and figure out creative ways to repurpose old pet toys. “It can be very cathartic to do those things together and then to talk about it.” She also shares with clients information about companies that offer services such

TRUSOVA EVGENIYA/SHUTTERSTOCK

“All day long I tell people, ‘I want to give you permission to feel the way you want to feel. I want to give you permission to do whatever ritual it is you want to do.’” If a client feels like sobbing, Ellis encourages them to do so: “We’re gonna sit right here and snot-bubble cry.” If a client wants to express rage, Ellis encourages that, too: “You can scream and holler and punch that wall and be mad at me and be mad at God.” She acknowledges just how meaningful a relationship with a pet can be. “It’s this little creature whose only job is to love you. That’s their only job. They’re not going to graduate. They’re not going to cure cancer. They’re not going to do anything but love you. And that’s powerful. That is so stinking powerful.” Well-meaning friends and family members often encourage a bereaved pet parent to just “get over” the death quickly and stop grieving by adopting another dog or cat. Joe Dwyer, a New Jersey pet-loss companion and ordained animal chaplain, says this is “not done in a mean-spirited way, but it doesn’t help the person who’s grieving.” He notes that in modern Western culture, it’s difficult for most people to admit that the loss of a pet can be “as traumatic a loss as losing a parent or a sibling.” Dwyer gives himself permission to feel grief right alongside the individual he’s helping: “If you’re not drained when you’re performing a service or you’re sitting with someone who went through the traumatic loss of a beloved family pet member, then you’re not doing it right.”

PHOTO VEERA/SHUTTERSTOCK

“If a client feels like sobbing, Ellis encourages them to do so: “We’re gonna sit right here and snot-bubble cry.”’ as doing paw prints or making stuffed animals that look like the deceased pet and have some of the animal’s ashes tucked inside. When it comes to end-of-life rituals, it’s helpful to “create a sacred space for what you want to do,” which might include photos, flowers, a blanket and a basket, says Madeline Christie, the founder of Daisy Deathcare in Courtenay, BC. She advises keeping the pet’s body for a few hours or even overnight before doing a burial or going to a crematorium, to give the grieving person a chance to adapt to the bleak new pet-less reality. “They were just here and warm and breathing, then they’re not here anymore,” she says. “It’s just a healthier way of saying goodbye, I think.” Throughout the rituals, a death doula like Christie can offer support “emotionally and logistically and spiritually.”

The Practical Details Anyone facing

the loss of a pet can easily become overwhelmed by the practical details and choices involved in the gut-wrenching experience: home euthanasia or euthanasia in a vet’s office, cremation or aquamation (alkaline hydrolysis, also known as water cremation), home burial or burial in a pet cemetery, memorial or funeral.

A death doula has the knowledge, experience, and emotional distance to be able to help. The clients of Kristina Bohler Golden often express relief after receiving guidance and direction, saying things like: “I’m not lost. I’m not adrift. I don’t have to just start Googling random things on the internet.” Even death doulas find it useful to enlist the services of other death doulas. “I have used pet-death doulas, and it makes a world of difference,” Tracey Walker says. “For me, it gave me the presence that I needed to be there with my little girl, my soul cat.” Walker describes how having someone provide support and handle details frees up a grieving person to be able to spend quality time with a loved one toward the end. The help offered could be as mundane as filling in paperwork or driving to the store for a prescription, or as significant as holding a client’s hand while the vet does that final injection. And the pet-death doula’s job always involves much listening and compassion. “You can’t do it for yourself,” Sarah Kerr says. Her gratitude to the death doula—a former student—who helped her in her own time of need is immense. “She was important in holding space and keeping the bigger picture in mind. When you’re grieving, you’re just in the soup of right now,” Kerr says. “When you’re in that moment, you’ve come

undone.” And coming undone is exactly what needs to happen in order to grieve properly. “Because that’s what death is supposed to do is undo you, so it doesn’t mean you’re doing it wrong if you’re sad—it means you’re doing it right.”

Finding a PetDeath Doula

There are vast differences in how individuals approach the profession, Kerr says. “I have a spiritual, ritual, soul-based approach, which can be completely different than another death doula who was taught by someone who’s a retired hospice nurse and is all about bedside care.” The key is to find someone who resonates with you during this deeply emotional time. “There can be beauty, and there can be love, and there can be laughter and inspiration and revitalization, even though there is death and loss and broken-heartedness and bereavement.” For lists of practitioners organized by region, visit the websites of associations such as the International Doula Life Movement (www. internationaldoulalifemovement.com) and the National End-of-Life Doula Alliance (www.nedalliance.org). Many death doulas are experienced in helping with the end of life for both humans and pets.  moderncat.com

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POLYDACTYL

CATS:

HISTORY, TRAITS AND FAMOUS EXAMPLES OF FELINES WITH EXTRA TOES

et’s face it. As cat lovers, many of us are a little obsessed with cat paws. Yes, those toe beans are irresistibly adorable. Look closely, and you may discover some cats have a little more to offer in the paw department: extra toes. This endearing physical trait, called polydactylism, is rare—it’s estimated that only about three percent of cats worldwide have extra toes.

WHAT IS A POLYDACTYL CAT?

A polydactyl cat, in simplest terms, is a feline with extra toes. Most cats have five toes on their front paws and four on the back. Polydactyl cats—thanks to a genetic mutation—have more toes on one or more of their paws. It's possible, but very rare, for a cat to have extra toes on all four paws. Polydactyl cats may have one or two extra toes, while others might have several additional digits, some even resembling a thumb. Typically, their paws appear larger and more distinctive. It’s a condition also known as hyperdactyly.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLYDACTYLY

There are three types of polydactyl paws: 1. Postaxial: The extra toes are located on the outside of the paw. 2. Preaxial: The extra toes are on the inside of the paw. This is the most common form. 3. Mesoaxial: The extra toes are throughout the paw. This is the rarest form. It’s likely that a spontaneous occurrence of this genetic mutation led to the beginning of polydactyl cats. For this reason, pinpointing when they first appeared is impossible; however, historical references suggest that polydactyl cats have been around for centuries.

THE GENETICS BEHIND IT ALL

We really can’t discuss polydactyl cats without venturing into the world of genetics. Here’s what happens, genetically, to result in a cat with extra toes. First, think of genes as a set of instructions. It’s these instructions that determine how a cat develops and functions. DNA is the code in which those instructions are written.

Now, like people, cats have two sets of instructions for most traits. One set comes from mom, and the other from dad. If we’re talking about toes, the usual instruction that comes from both parents would be, “let’s have five toes on each front paw and four on each back paw.” That is the norm. Sometimes, however, there’s a change in the instructions—also known as a mutation. In the case of a polydactyl cat, the instruction might be, “let’s have more than five toes on each paw.” If a cat were to get normal toe instruction from one parent, and a polydactyl toe instruction from the other, they might end up with extra toes, but it happens infrequently. However, if both parents offer polydactyl toe instructions, the cat is likely to have some extra toes.

VARIATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

Polydactylism shows up in many variations. There is no uniformity whatsoever to the mutation, and that randomness is part of what makes these cats so distinctive.

P H OTO A L E X A N D R / A D O B E STO CK

Fascinated by felines with extra toes? Discover everything you ever wanted to know about polydactyl cats! By Kelly Caldwell

B OTTO M P H OTO L A R I SSA G O R D O N / S H U TT E R S TO CK ; T O P P H OTO S E R EG R A F F / S H U T T E R S TO C K

Even though polydactylism is the result of a genetic mutation, these cats are not more prone diseases. It is a harmless mutation, so basic care, nutrition, and veterinary oversight for polydactyl cats are the same as they are for all cats.

POLYDACTYL CATS’ PLACE IN HISTORY

Some of the earliest documented instances of polydactyl cats are through the seafaring communities. This association indicates that polydactylism in cats may have been noticed as far back as the Age of Exploration, which spanned the 15th to 17th centuries. Sailors encountered these cats during their travels, and those extra toes caught their eyes. They assumed polydactyl cats had a unique advantage when it came to both hunting and climbing—both important on the high seas. Was it true? Well, polydactyl cats’ paws are wider and larger. It’s feasible that they could have an edge when it comes to climbing, balancing, and hunting. Rodent infestations were common on ships and food supplies were considered precious cargo. Failure to control a ship’s rat population would result in food spoilage. As for climbing, there are so many different vertical structures on a ship that agility and dexterity were important for people and for cats. Finally, sailors are known to be a superstitious bunch, and they considered these cats to be a good omen. As a result, polydactyl cats became a mainstay on many ships.

THE HEMINGWAY CATS

There is no way to discuss feline polydactylism without bringing Ernest Hemingway into the mix. The famed American novelist was a true cat man and an avid sailor. He lived in Key West, Florida and was fond of sailing throughout the region, as well as Cuba and the Caribbean. He owned several boats during his lifetime and spent considerable time on them. His love of cats is well-documented, both personally and in many of his literary works. He developed a special fondness for polydactyl cats after receiving one as a gift from a sea captain. He named the cat Snow White and, while breeding records don’t exist,

it’s quite evident that she produced some kittens as she roamed freely around his property. After his death in 1961, the Key West residence was restored and ultimately transformed into the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum. It remains a popular attraction to showcase the life and work of Hemingway and is still home to a colony of close to 50 cats— many of whom are polydactyls likely descended from Snow White. Hemingway’s cats roam freely on the home’s grounds where they are cared for by museum staff. The colony of largely polydactyl cats is a unique and endearing part of the pioneering writer’s legacy.

THE WORLD RECORD On the subject of famous cats, Jake, a Canadian cat, made it into the 2002 Guinness Book of World Records. He had the most toes recorded: a whopping 28 in total. Jake’s record was tied in 2018 by a cat from Minnesota aptly named ‘Paws.’

WHAT BREEDS ARE AFFECTED?

Polydactylism is not specific to any breed. It can occur in cats of various breeds as well as in mixed-breed cats. However, there are certain breeds where polydactylism appears to be more common, most notably Maine Coons. It’s possible that the early seafaring travels of these cats played a role in that distinction, as Boston was a busy port for ships. Geographically, this genetic mutation could pop up on any cat in any location, though they tend to be most often found in Maine, other parts of North America, Wales, and Western England. Here again, cargo ship trade routes are a likely cause behind these trends.

CARE CONSIDERATIONS The extra

toes of polydactyl cats do not usually cause them any problems. They require the same kind of care as any other cat. Nail trims could take a bit longer due to extra toes and the fact that sometimes those extra nails grow faster because they aren’t hitting the ground correctly. A scratching post or board that allows these special cats to scratch from various angles is ideal. More toes? As any cat lover will tell you, that’s just more to love.  moderncat.com

THE CAT GEAR LOOKBOOK

Your at-a-glance guide to the best stuff for you & your cat

COLLARS & HARNESSES

Gingham Cat Collar $12; etsy.com/shop/SushiCatStyle

Premium Cat Breakaway Collar, “Velvet One Row Rhinestone” $9; miragepetproducts.com

A Tail We Could Wag Cat Collar with Breakaway SideRelease Buckle from $24; auburndirect.com

Jumbo Crinkle Ball $4; cancorinnovations.com

Knock 'n' Nibble Starfish Refillable Treat Dispensing Toy $11; meowijuana.com

French Baguette with Catnip $15; crochetkitty.com

Whiskers Bright Coloured Cat Earrings $115; markpoulin.com

Be Forever Furless Mini Pet Hair Remover $15; lillybrush.com

Meow Mocha Whole Bean Coffee $19; tabbycatcoffee.com

PIXI Wide Scratcher $65; catit.ca

The Ultimate Scratching Post $80; pioneerpet.com

Wesley Cat Scratcher $180; 4catsndogs.com

Buddy Belts Leather Harness from $24; buddy-belts.com

TOYS

ZippyClaws NomNomz Pizza and Cola $7; zippyclaws.com

FOR CAT PEOPLE

Pet Nose Print Pendant from $277; robinslovingtouch.com

SCRATCHERS

Tab Scratching Board $205; tuftandpaw.com

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moderncat.com

The

10 Most

Affectionate

Cat

Breeds Get to know the most lovey cat breeds and their unique attributes! Photos by Sarah Baker

et’s meet some of the most affectionate cat breeds and find out if they’re right for you! Desiree Bobby, brand and marketing director of The Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) and breeder of Beeblebrox Sphynx and Lykoi, shares the hallmark attributes and personalities of the friendliest cat breeds.

The gentle and loving nature of a cat has the transformative ability to make every day a delightful adventure. People are drawn to cats for their capacity to serve as not just companions but also as calming confidants, trusted friends, and a constant source of affection and comfort. Of course, every cat is an individual, but certain pedigreed breeds have been carefully cultivated by preservation breeders, such as those with CFA, for specific physical and behavioural traits, such as friendliness. Whether it's a lively companion for play or a serene buddy for cuddles, the following cat breeds provide the purr-fect personality match for those in search of an affectionate companion!

Discover the 10 Most Affectionate Cat Breeds Shorthair: The Cuddly and 1 British Comforting Teddy Bear

(pictured above)

With its plush coat and round, welcoming eyes, the British Shorthair exudes calmness and reliability. Known for their easygoing nature, these cats enjoy affection beside you or on your lap. Their loyalty and gentle demeanor make them excellent companions, providing a steady source of comfort and love in a quietly magnificent way.

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The Adventurous 2 Abyssinian: Companion

The Abyssinian is a cat that embodies the spirit of adventure and curiosity. This breed is known for its slender, athletic build and a coat that shimmers with a distinct ticked pattern. The Abyssinian thrives on exploration and play. Despite their love for activity, they are incredibly friendly and form strong bonds with their human companions, making every day an engaging and loving adventure. With an Abyssinian by your side, expect a life filled with playful antics and affectionate moments.

The Mini Panther with 5 Bombay: a Golden Heart

Bobtail: The Sociable 3 Japanese Storyteller

Sleek, black, and utterly captivating, the Bombay cat resembles a miniature panther with a heart of gold. This breed loves to be the center of attention, and they will often follow their humans around, offering affectionate head bumps and purrs. Bombays are known for their sociable and loving nature, making them perfect for families seeking a playful and affectionate feline member.

The Japanese Bobtail, with its distinctive bobbed tail, is a breed rich in folklore and charm. These cats are highly sociable and enjoy interacting with humans and other pets alike. Known for their expressive voices, they might regale you with “stories” of their day. The bond with a Japanese Bobtail is one of mutual affection and respect, filled with engaging conversations and companionship.

Shorthair: The All4 American American Pal

The American Shorthair is the epitome of a friendly and adaptable feline friend. Sporting a wide range of colours and tabby patterns, this breed is not only beautiful but also boasts a balanced temperament. They're equally content playing with toys or curling up for a cozy nap, making them a versatile companion for any cat-loving household. Their affectionate yet independent nature ensures a harmonious relationship full of mutual respect and love.

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Devon Rex: The Mischievous Charmer With large ears set atop a pixie-like

face, the Devon Rex possesses a mischievous charm that is hard to resist. This breed is all about expressing love through playful behaviour and constant companionship. Their soft, curly coats invite gentle strokes, while their intelligent and sociable nature ensures there's never a dull moment. If you're looking for a feline friend who will shower you with affection and keep you entertained with their antics, the Devon Rex is your go-to companion.

The Purrfect Partner in 9 Persian: Serenity

At the pinnacle of feline affection stands the majestic Persian. Known for their serene and gentle nature, Persians are the epitome of a furry love potion. Their sweet, responsive demeanor makes them the perfect lap cat, ready to offer a soft purr as a balm to your busy day. With their luxurious, flowing coats, Persians require regular grooming, which only strengthens the bond between pet and owner. As you brush through their silky fur, feel the stress of the day melt away in the warmth of their tranquil presence.

7 Siamese: The Vocal Affectionate

The Siamese cat, along with its brethren, like the Oriental Shorthair and Balinese, is known for its striking appearance and vocal personality. These cats form deep bonds with their humans, often expressing their affection through loud purrs and meows. Their sleek bodies and mesmerizing blue eyes captivate the heart, while their loving and sometimes demanding nature ensures that you’ll never feel alone.

8 Sphynx: The Hairless Hugger

A Sphynx’s heart is as warm as their hairless body. This breed is renowned for its love of cuddles, using its velvety skin to provide comforting snuggles to its favorite humans. The Sphynx is a true extrovert, displaying a playful, loyal, and affectionate nature. Their eagerness to show love and seek attention makes them an ideal companion for those who cherish close bonds with their pets. Embrace a Sphynx and feel the warmth of their love envelop you.

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Coon Cat: The Gentle 10 Maine Giant

The Maine Coon, with its impressive size and luxurious coat, is a gentle giant that brings warmth and majesty into any home. Their laid-back nature combines with a playful side that endears them to everyone they meet. Affectionate, patient, and sociable, Maine Coons make excellent companions, especially in homes with children and other pets. 

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Simple, real ingredients—human grade and gently cooked—make up the homestyle wet food from Portland Pet Food Company. It’s made with just eight wholesome ingredients and no hormones, synthetics, antibiotics, supplements, or additives. Available in Chicken N’ Pumpkin or Salmon N’ Pumpkin recipes, this food is protein rich, low in phosphorous, and has natural taurine. Can be used as a topper, mixer, or in a rotational diet! (from $12, portlandpetfoodcompany.com)

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Say goodbye to stinky litter boxes with the Ultra Micro Probiotic Crystals litter from UltraPet! The unique blend of crystal-encapsulated probiotics and enzymes break down and consume the odour-causing bacteria in the litter box, keeping everything smelling fresh. ($16, ultrapet.com/ ultra-probiotics)

12. BETTER—AND EASIER!— FELINE DENTAL HEALTH

Boost your cat’s immune system with the Mushroom Immune Pet Chews from Real Mushrooms. Veterinarian formulated and third-party lab tested, these chews are made from a powerful blend of organic Reishi, Shiitake, Maitake, Turkey Tail, and Chaga mushrooms, as well as ashwagandha and astragalus herbs to bolster immune system response. ($35, shop.realmushrooms.com)

Designed specifically for cats, RYERCAT’S dual-sided cat toothbrush makes brushing your cat’s teeth easier. The curve of this toothbrush allows you to clear the front teeth, so you don’t hit the sensitive Jacobson’s Organ. Use the soft, round head for everyday brushing and the pick side to get food out from the back molar groove. Bristles are infused with charcoal to help neutralize bacteria. ($20, ryercat.com)

8. WET FOOD FOR BETTER URINARY TRACT HEALTH!

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Fix up your feline friend with Vetericyn Plus Antimicrobial Feline Wound Care, a safe and effective topical solution for the care of wounds and skin irritations. Designed to speed up healing, it's non-toxic, contains no steroids, antibiotics, alcohol or tea tree oils, and is sting free. ($16, vetericyn.com) moderncat.com

CONNIE’S BOOK CLUB Editor-in-Chief Connie Wilson’s selection of must-read books for cat lovers

From Rescue Cats: Portraits and Stories By Traer Scott

Horatio: A Cat Comes of Age By Kem Welch In this adorable picture book, Horatio the clever and creative cat embarks on an adventure of learning how to read and write so he can fulfill his dream of becoming an author. Horatio’s unwavering determination will encourage readers of all ages!

Rescue Cats: Portraits and Stories By Traer Scott Animal photographer Traer Scott showcases the happy endings of courageous rescue cats and kittens in this beautiful, heartwarming book. Scott’s stunning photos are accompanied by remarkable rescue stories of felines who found their forever homes. A moving testament to the power of pet adoption!

The Interpretation of Cats: Understanding the

Psychology of Our Feline Companions By Dr. Claude Béata

Leading veterinary psychiatrist Dr. Claude Béata offers a fascinating and illuminating exploration of the feline mind. Already a bestseller in France, The Interpretation of Cats sifts through cutting-edge research and intriguing case studies, such as Tabatha, an anxious Ragdoll with attachment issues, and Melly, an Abyssinian struggling with a feline form of schizophrenia. In this guide to improving our cats’ mental wellbeing, Béata highlights why curiosity and compassion are crucial in understanding our cat’s behaviour.

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Karma Is a Cat By Farrin Jacobs;

Illustrated by Katty Huertas

Every Swiftie knows that Taylor Swift is self-professed “proud cat lady” and cat-mom to three beloved felines, Meredith Grey, Olivia Benson, and Benjamin Button. Get the low-down on Swift’s cats with this adorable, unauthorized “biography” filled with full-colour illustrations, stories of their adoptions, fun facts about their breeds and personalities, and details of the unique adventures they get to experience with their superstar human!

Cat People to Judge in Art and Life By Nicole Tersigni Anyone who has shared their life with a cat knows they can be a little judgmental! This hilarious cat humour book comically employs classic fine art to dive into the minds of felines and the humans who dote on them. Filled with relatable and laugh-out-loud quotes all cat lovers will appreciate!

The Healing Season of Pottery By Yeon Somin The English language debut of Korean author Yeon Somin is a joy. Burnt-out and lost, 30-year-old TV broadcast writer Jungmin abruptly quits her job, but being holed up in her apartment only makes things worse. The pottery studio in her neighourhood—with its mysterious workshop teacher, friendly studio cat, and fellow students—becomes a welcome distraction… and the spark for creativity and romance. A cozy and incredibly charming story of finding love and healing through pottery.

Mail Surprise I am a mail carrier. One afternoon, I was called to Rt 45. The carrier told me that he kept hearing a noise under his truck. After a 50-mile trek, while at a stop light, he clearly heard a kitten cry. I crawled under the truck, and sitting on the gas tank was a tiny, dirty kitten. I decided to act quickly. I grabbed her, with much hissing and spitting, but no biting! I took her home for rehab and to find her a home. A year later, Poppy is thriving in her home...my home! —Kim Garner-Grubb

First Vet Visit

Tiny Cat Stories Cat love in short form: miniature, reader-submitted cat stories of no more than 100 words. Package Deal I intended on adopting just one kitten that day. I was guilted into two. Dexter and Gracie are a bonded pair, they said, and I wavered. Two peas in a pod, I was told as they slid me the second adoption form. Two tiny, emerald-eyed tabbies, they went home with me curled up together in the same small carrier. They were inseparable to the point that they used the litter box in tandem. They still act like those same kittens sometimes, but that was more than 11 years ago. I've never regretted taking the package deal. —Lauren Brinjac

A Perfect Match Cora was nearly going to be done away with. You know what I mean. Shelter pets who aren't adopted in time are... "done away with," which means something too unpleasant for a family publication. But I saw this cute calico kitten. She was too scrawny. No one else wanted her because she was a little off. I am a little off, too. It was a match made in the stars. She kinda walks funny, but I do, too. We make little steps of progress together. —Claire M. Binkley

Our cat was a stray when we took him in. We thought he was a girl, so I named him Miss Sylvester. He had been neutered, and my boyfriend and I, being new cat owners, asumed he was a girl. He had worms, so I made an appointment, and we carried him to the vet. When the veterinarian came back in the exam waiting room, he said, “I have a surprise for y’all.” We both excitedly asked, “what?” He said, “Y’all’s Miss Sylvester is a Mister!” —Sheila Roberson

The Culprit They were hanging out of the open drawer and scattered all over the floor, again. Toys for our cats we rotated out as “new” toys. Sighing, I reminded our two young children to close the drawer!!! Until one evening I was reading a book to our kids and our intelligent, beautiful black Siberian cat Liam casually strolled over to the side table. He hooked a well-practiced claw into the top edge of the drawer, pulled it open, then helped himself, pawing through the toys and tossing several until he chose the one he wanted. Liam didn’t close the drawer.—Amy Hoppe

Comfort Cat Otto always slept by my feet—until he didn’t. One evening, surprisingly, he nestled in beside my pillow, his soft tabby fur and gentle purrs soothing me through the night. He slept like this for many months, then returned to the foot of the bed. I didn’t understand his behaviour until much later. While recalling how my father and grandparents all died within a single year, I suddenly realized: that was when Otto began sleeping near me! I hadn’t understood during that stressful time, but Otto was comforting me through my grief. He literally held me close so I could heal. —Paige Wallace

Get published in Modern Cat! Submit your cat story of no more than 100 words (word count strictly enforced) to tinycatstories@moderncat.com. By submitting you are consenting to publication of your story.

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TO P I L LU ST R AT I O N SSS TO C K E R / B I G S TO C K ; S H E I L A RO B E R S O N I M A G E : S O U P S T O C K / B I G S T O C K

LOVE LETTERS

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The Egyptian Mau is widely considered the oldest domesticated cat breed, with a history dating back thousands of years to ancient Egypt. Evidence suggests these ancient cats existed as far back as 3,000 years ago.

Cats Have Fewer Taste Buds Than Dogs or People

INTERESTING

CAT FACTS

Cats only have 473 taste buds, far less than humans— we have 9,000—or even dogs, who have 1,700 taste buds. Cats can taste savoury, salty, bitter, and sour flavours, but not sweet.

Social gathering? Try these cat facts to get the conversation flowing!

Cat Eyes of a Different Colour Cats with two different coloured eyes are quite rare, making up just 0.6 percent of the feline population. These cats typically have one iris that’s blue while the other is green, brown or yellow. It’s caused by a condition called heterochromia, created by the same gene that makes cats white! Heterochromia iridis is more common in certain breeds, such as Turkish Van, Persian, and Siamese cats. It can also occur in mixed breed cats.

Terrific Tummies Your cat’s sagging belly has a name—and a purpose. Called a primordial pouch, it serves several functions. The padding provided by the primordial pouch helps protect the vulnerable belly and internal organs therein from teeth and claws during a fight. The extra skin also allows cats to stretch out their bodies when running or jumping, improving speed. Finally, it allows cats to store excess fat that they will later burn off. This is especially important for wild cats that don’t have ready access to food. Lions and tigers also possess a primordial pouch.

Who’s Your Daddy One litter of kittens can have multiple dads. Female cats release multiple eggs when they are in heat, so they can become pregnant with kittens from more than one “father” cat at the same time!

Why Do Cat’s Tongues Feel Like Sandpaper? The sandpaper-like rasp of your cat’s tongue is due to something called filiform papillae. These hard, backwardsfacing spines on their tongues work like a comb when grooming themselves. The rough texture also helps remove meat from animal bones. But why do dogs have smooth tongues? Though cats are extremely successful predators, they are also prey, due to their small size. This makes effective grooming paramount to help minimize their own scent and escape detection. Dogs, on the other hand, evolved from pack-hunting wolves, making grooming less important, hence the ordinary, smooth tongue.

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Cats Spend 30 - 50% of Their Day Grooming Themselves Cats spend 12 to 16 hours a day sleeping, but when they’re awake, they’re all about selfcare. Cats typically spend between 30 and 50 percent of their day grooming themselves, says Pamela Perry, D.V.M., resident in animal behaviour at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Camuti Consultant with the Cornell Feline Health Center. “It’s a huge chunk of their day,” she says.

P H O T O S C L O C K W I S E F R O M T O P L E F T : N Y N K E V A N H O L T E N / B I G S T O C K ; D Z H A 33/ B I G S T O C K ; B I R U T E V I J E I K I E N E / B I G S T O C K ; S O N J A C H N Y J / B I G S T O C K ; C R E A T I V E C A T S T U D I O / B I G S T O C K ; G E A R G O D Z / B I G S T O C K ; B O D N A R P H O T O / B I G S T O C K

The Oldest Cat Breed