Many technological process require control of liquid spreading over solid surface . When a drop is placed on a surface, it can completely wet, partially wet, or not wet the surface. By reducing the surface tension with sarfactants i.e ALTRANOL a nonwetting material can be made to become partailly or completely wetting.
Fig.-2 Non-ionic surfactants Fig.-1 – Surface tension
Surfactants are also referred to as wetting agents & foamers. Surfactants lower the Surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved. (as shown in Fig-1). By lowering this Interfacial tension between two media or interfaces(e.g. air/water, water/stain, stain/fabric) The surfactant plays a key role in the removal & suspension of dirt. The lower surface Tension of the water makes it easier to lift dirt & grease off of clothes & other surfaces & help to keep them suspended in the dirty water. The water-loveing or hydrophilic head remains in the water & it pulls the stain towards the water, away from the fabric. The Surfactant molecules surround the stain particles, break them up & force them away from the surface of the fabric. They then suspend the stain particles in the wash water to remove them. Non-ionic surfactants do not have an electric charge which makes them resistant to water hard deactivation. They are excellent stain removers. Non-ionic serfactants contribute to making the surfactant system less hardness sensitive.
EMULSION
Continuous of phase
Dispersed phase
The immiscible water phase acts as an ion sink for the charged species in the Oily solvent. Ions from the oil strongly partition into the higher dielectric constant Water phase. Ion drainage & self charging through preferential partitioning are Intrinsic properties of oil water mixture.
ALTRANOL stable to metal salts & hard water.
Hard water includes the multivalent cations which can cause water to form scales & resistance to soap & produces white precipitate. But ALTRANOL treated fabric is stable with hard water & metal salts , & has very good wetting & detergency action with extremely hard water.
Since the ALTRANOL does not have any ionic groups it Does not react with hard water ions. In addition non-ionic detergents foam less than ionic detergents, which makes them resistant to water hard deactivation. They are excellent grease removers. ALTRANOL possess surface active properties in water & whose solution are therfore to wet surface that normally water repellent, thereby assisting in the mechanical dispersion & emulsification of fatty or oily material & other substances that soil the surface.
STABLE STABLETO TOALKALINE ALKALINE&&ACIDIC ACIDICLIQUORS LIQUORS
Temperature
The alkali resistance indiacates the caustic soda concentration; if exceeded,The scouring agent forms easily emulsified oil-drops on the liquor surface inCase of low liquor turbulence.