hazardexonthenet.net
Downstream Interview with UK Petroleum Industry Association’s Director General Risk management Engineering judgement Four shades of grey? Downstream
Standards
Automation
No deal Brexit risks closure of two UK refineries
The peer-to-peer principle at IECEx
Next generation Remote IO Systems in hazardous areas
October 2019
the journal for hazardous area environments
cortemgroup.com
contents october 2019 Cuadrilla Resources halted operations at its Preston New Road fracking site in Lancashire after a series of seismic events in August (pg.8). The shutdown came less than a week after Cuadrilla started fracking its second well on the site after abandoning the first well following multiple shutdowns due to tremors. Around the time of the tremors, University of Nottingham researchers released findings that suggest UK shale gas reserves are at least 80% smaller than estimated by a government study back in 2013. The 2013 study said that the Bowland Shale, the UK’s largest and most economically viable shale which stretches from Lancashire down into the Midlands, could provide up to 50 years of gas at current demand. However, recent findings estimate that the maximum reserves for the Bowland Shale are less than a sixth of the 2013 estimate. According to the researchers, the reserves
14 21
could last just 10 years at current demand, assuming that around 10% of the reserves is economically recoverable. The government is thought to have been so far off in its estimates because scientists didn’t know much about the Bowland Shale and didn’t have any published production data to work off in 2013. Instead, scientists estimated the size of the reserves based on models developed for US shales without taking into account key differences between the geology in the two countries. After factoring this and other miscalculations into their recent study, the University of Nottingham researchers came to their own figure.
One of the most fundamental rules of work for all conformity assessment systems run by the IEC is the peer-to-peer principle.
14 23
For now, more tests will be needed to reduce the degree of uncertainty, but the researchers believe their findings can inform government decisions around the future of shale gas in the UK, as the country moves towards being carbon neutral by 2050. …Alistair Hookway, Associate Editor, Hazardex Hazardex spoke to UKPIA Director-General Stephen Marcos Jones to discover what challenges and opportunities may lie ahead for the industry
in this issue
32
4 News Extra
• Leaked Government documents suggest two UK refineries could close after no-deal Brexit • North Dakota oil spill could be larger than Exxon Valdez event • UK plans Europe’s first rubbish-to-jet fuel manufacturing facility • Earth tremors shut down UK fracking operation • Airbus A380 superjumbo aircraft face checks • Russia may give pipeline operator control of all oil intake terminals after contamination scare • Dutch government to end Groningen gas production eight years earlier than planned • Offshore oil and gas rigs leak more greenhouse gas than expected • Five nuclear engineers killed by rocket explosion in Russia
The effective exercising of engineering judgement may be identified as one of the hallmarks of the true professional engineer
21 Standards: The peer-to-peer principle at IECEx 23 Hazardex interview: Stephen Marcos Jones, Director General, UK Petroleum Industry Association
34
32 Engineering judgement space - Four shades of grey? 34 Case study – Next generation Remote IO Systems in hazardous areas 36 Event previews 37 ADIPEC preview
Many Remote IO Systems are made for non-hazardous areas and only subsequently upgraded for hazardous areas
30 36
the journal for hazardous area environments
hazardexonthenet.net
40 Downstream Interview with UK Petroleum Industry Association’s Director General Risk management Engineering judgement Four shades of grey? Downstream
Standards
Automation
No deal Brexit risks closure of two UK refineries
The peer-to-peer principle at IECEx
Next generation Remote IO Systems in hazardous areas
October 2019
38 Datafiles
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Hazardex content is the property of the publishers or relevant content providers. The publishers and sponsors of this magazine are not responsible for the results of any actions or omissions taken on the basis of information in this publication. In particular, no liability can be accepted in respect of any claim based on or in relation to material provided for inclusion.
Editor Alan Franck alan.franck@imlgroup.co.uk
Group Publisher Russell Goater russell.goater@imlgroup.co.uk
Associate Editor Alistair Hookway alistair.hookway@imlgroup.co.uk
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4
News Extra
Valero Pembroke refinery – Image: Shutterstock
Leaked Government documents suggest two UK refineries could close after no-deal Brexit A
leaked dossier on the possible
ramifications of a no-deal Brexit on the UK economy published by The Sunday Times on August 18 includes the possibility that two of the country’s six remaining refineries could close. The leaked documents, part of the Government’s ‘Operation Yellowhammer’ scenario planning, warn that Government plans to slash import tariffs to 0% under a no-deal may “inadvertently” lead to the closure of two British oil refineries which would bear “significant financial losses”. While fuel imports would not be subject to tariffs, exports would be, removing the level playing field. The Operation Yellowhammer documents state: “This leads to big financial losses
www.hazardexonthenet.net
and the closure of two refineries (which are
import tariffs on petrol could create an
converted to import terminals) with about 2,000 direct job losses.”
unfair advantage for importers, resulting in a negative impact on all UK refineries.
Traffic disruption caused by border delays could also affect fuel distribution and disrupt supply to London and the southeast. Other possible outcomes would be a three-month meltdown at UK ports, a hard Irish border and shortages of food and
“As such we have been working with UKPIA (United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association) to ensure our concerns – and the potential impact of zero tariffs – are clearly communicated to the UK Government.”
medicine if the UK leaves without a deal. In a reaction to the leaks, Valero Pembroke Refinery General Manager Ed Tomp said: “Over the last 12 months we have made preparations to ensure that Valero Pembroke Refinery continues to operate safely and reliably regardless of whether the UK leaves the European Union on October 31. “However, we are concerned that 0%
Preseli Pembrokeshire MP Stephen Crabb said Valero Pembroke Refinery would be hit hard because it could jeopardise Valero’s important trade with Ireland, according to the Western Telegraph. Michael Gove – the Cabinet minister responsible for no-deal planning – insisted Yellowhammer represented a worst-case scenario and that the leaked documents were out of date.
News Extra
Representative image: Shutterstock
5
North Dakota oil spill could be larger than Exxon Valdez event T
he North Dakota Health
having no accurate record of the size of
Department has acknowledged that a 2015 pipeline leak of liquid natural gas is far larger than the
the spill, DeSmog said the Garden Creek spill appears to be among the largest recorded oil and gas industry spills in
initial report of 10 gallons. The environmental blog DeSmog, which uncovered the discrepancy, said
the history of the United States.
that the spill was many orders of magnitude larger. The blog cited a whistle-blower who provided a draft document on the site clean-up plan, who claimed the spill could be as large as the Exxon Valdez disaster, which released 11 million gallons (50 million litres) of crude. The initial state report on the 10 gallon spill at ONEOK Partners LP’s Garden Creek I gas processing plant was never updated, despite the company telling the state it had recovered 240,000 gallons (1 million litres) of liquid gas and condensate, and that the clean-up was continuing. The whistleblower said the clean-up could take a further decade. The Garden Creek spill “is in fact over 11
The story was subsequently taken up by The Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran ashore in 1989 and released 11 million gallons of crude – Image: NOAA
million gallons of condensate that leaked through a crack in a pipeline for over 3 years,” DeSmog quoted the whistle-blower as saying. Up to 5.5 million gallons of hydrocarbons have been removed from the site, the 2018 document said, based upon an estimate of approximately 11 million gallons released. Garden Creek is operated by the ONEOK Partners, and processes natural gas and condensates brought to the facility via pipeline from Bakken wells. Despite the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Associated Press and the Washington Post. The blog claimed spills were pervasive in North Dakota’s oil industry and have been the focus of numerous media reports. “State regulators have often been unable – or unwilling – to compel energy companies to clean up their mess,” ProPublica reported in a 2012 investigation. A 2015 Inside Energy article noted state reports “are riddled with inaccuracies and estimates” and cited a 2011 spill of oil and gas wastewater by a Texas-based company listed as 12,600 gallons (60,000 litres) but later determined to be at least two million gallons. An eight-year database of spills compiled by the New York Times in 2014 showed two spills of roughly one million gallons (9 million litres).
www.hazardexonthenet.net
News Extra
Artist’s impression of proposed plant - Image: Altalto Immingham
7
are currently blended with conventional fuels up to the industry-standard limit of 50%, although in practice the blends are significantly less at the moment. There are still relatively few suppliers, and the cost of biofuel is around three times higher than regular fuel.
UK plans Europe’s first rubbish-to-jet fuel manufacturing facility B
ritish Airways and Royal Dutch
The three companies have invested a
However numerous airlines are making commitments to its purchase – United has agreed to buy 10 million gallons of biofuel from World Energy over the next two years, while KLM has placed a ten-year order with the Netherlands’ SkyNRG. Virgin Atlantic is working with LanzaTech to build a large-scale alcohol-to-jet facility in the UK. Finnair recently flew from Helsinki to San Francisco and back using a 12% biofuel blend produced from used cooking oil in
Shell have submitted plans to build Europe’s first plant that converts household waste into jet
combined £7.3 million ($8.8 million) in the project so far, which is ultimately expected to cost hundreds of millions of pounds to
California.
fuel in the UK. The two companies will work with Velocys, a sustainable fuel specialist, on a site near Immingham on the Humber estuary
build. The British government has also provided almost £0.5 million funding for the project,
submission of the planning application marks a major milestone in this project, and we are delighted with the progress being made. Sustainable fuels can be a game
in North Lincolnshire.
which could create around 130 permanent jobs.
changer for aviation which will help power our aircraft for years to come.”
subsidiary Altalto Immingham Limited and would turn 500,000 tonnes of nonrecyclable household and commercial solid
British Airways and Shell will purchase the biofuel produced, which emits around 70% less greenhouse gas compared with the
Aviation accounts for around 2.5% of global carbon dioxide emissions but this is predicted to grow as air travel increases,
waste per year into sustainable aviation fuel. Construction on the project could begin in 2021 with the site producing commercial
fossil fuel equivalent, Velocys said. The fuel should also improve air quality by reducing soot and sulphur oxide emissions from
at a time when nations are seeking to limit emissions to curb climate change.
volumes of jet fuel three years later. A planning decision by the North East
engine exhausts and offer a lower emissions route for processing UK waste than incineration or landfill.
The aviation industry has a target to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2050 compared with 2005 levels and sees the
Lincolnshire Council is expected by the end of November.
Biofuels – non-fossil fuel-sourced fuels –
emergence of lower-carbon biofuels as a vital step to meeting this goal.
British Airways CEO Alex Cruz said: “The
It would be built by Velocys through its
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8
News Extra
Preston New Road site - Image: Cuadrilla Resources
The BGS said the seismic event epicentre was at a depth of 2km below the Preston New Road site. Pausing work for 18 hours is the routine response for any tremor over 0.5. “We can confirm that no hydraulic fracturing was being carried out at the time and no hydraulic fracturing has been carried out over
Earth tremors shut down UK fracking operation C
uadrilla Resources halted
An earth tremor recorded on August 26
the weekend. We are investigating the event alongside the regulators who monitor Preston New Road,” a Cuadrilla spokesman said. Cuadrilla has blamed the earthquake rules for stifling the UK’s nascent shale industry. It has called for a government review of the rules, and extra time to drill after its current fracking licence expires in November. Ministers have said that they are considering a review of the
operations at its Preston New Road fracking site in Lancashire after a series of seismic events in August. The shutdown came less than a
measured 2.9 on the Richter scale, according to the British Geological Survey (BGS). The tremor lasted 10 to 15 seconds and was felt across a number of nearby communities in
system after lending support to Cuadrilla’s campaign.
week after Cuadrilla started fracking its second well on the site after abandoning the first well following
the area, including Blackpool itself. It is the fourth “micro seismic event” at the UK’s only active fracking site in just 11 days and follows
gas could be an important new domestic energy source, reducing the level of gas imports while delivering broad economic
multiple shutdowns due to tremors.
a 2.1-magnitude tremor on August 25, 1.05 on August 24 and 1.55 on August 22.
benefits, including through the creation of well-paid, quality jobs.”
A UK government spokesman said: “Shale
News Extra
Representative image: Shutterstock
on August 29, is set to undergo a 60day period of public comment before being finalised. It would see oil and gas companies police themselves when it comes to preventing methane leaks from wells and pipelines rather than adhering to federal regulations.
9
new oil and gas fracking operations. With this latest proposal, the 2016 rule, along with other regulations on existing sources of methane, would be reversed. If the Trump administration is successful, any future administration’s attempts to rein in methane emission limits would be hampered as the process would have to start again from
According to Reuters, the EPA estimates that easing regulations would save energy companies up to $123 million by 2025. Andrew Wheeler, EPA Administrator, said in a statement that the proposal “removes unnecessary and duplicative regulatory
scratch.
burdens from the oil and gas industry”. He added: “The Trump administration recognises that methane is valuable, and the industry has an incentive to minimise leaks and maximise
rules between states and a greater number of legal challenges from environmental groups.
its use.” The proposal is the latest move by President Trump to challenge the Obama
kept, BP President Susan Dio said: “It’s not only the right thing to do for the environment, there is also a clear business case for doing this.” Smaller energy companies on the other
he US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a plan to scrap Obama-era regulations targeting
administration’s environmental regulations in favour of reducing regulations and costs facing oil and gas companies. In 2016, the
hand lobbied for the change in the limits. The EPA said these companies were experiencing a hard time complying with the costs of the
methane emissions from oil and gas wells. The proposed plan, put forward
Obama administration first introduced a rule specifically targeting methane emissions from
Obama-era rules. The American Petroleum Institute welcomed the rule change.
Trump administration moves to rescind methane emission limits
T
Reaction to the proposal has been mixed. Companies including Shell, Exxon Mobil, and BP are in favour of federal regulation because the alternative is the uncertainty of varying
In a statement calling for the 2016 rules to be
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Airbus A380 - Image: Air France
News Extra 11
Airbus A380 superjumbo aircraft face checks after part is recovered from 2017 engine explosion
A
n investigation into a mid-air engine explosion on an Air France
after a high-tech aerial radar search.
Engine Alliance is one of two engine suppliers for the Airbus A380 in competition
Confirming the focus of the probe after Reuters reported the plans for inspections, France’s BEA air accident agency said it had discovered a “sub-surface fatigue
with Britain’s Rolls-Royce. Its engines power a total of 152 aircraft or just over 60% of the 237 A380s in service.
crack” on the recovered part and the engine maker was preparing checks.
Nobody was hurt in the September 2017 incident, in which the Air France superjumbo diverted safely to Goose Bay
wide fan on engines built for the world’s largest airliner by US-based Engine Alliance, co-owned by General Electric and Pratt &
The people familiar with the matter linked the crack to a suspected manufacturing flaw and said the checks – to be carried out
in Canada.
Whitney.
urgently on engines that have conducted a certain number of flights – would affect dozens of the double-decker jets.
operating the A380 with Engine Alliance powerplants include Dubai’s Emirates, Qatar Airways, Abu Dhabi-based Etihad
A380 in 2017 is now focused on a part showing evidence of metal fatigue recently recovered from the Greenland icecap. According to a Reuters report, the titanium alloy part is the centrepiece of a 3-metre-
It had sat buried in Greenland’s ice sheet
Besides Air France, other airlines
since September 2017 when one of four engines on Air France flight 66 abruptly disintegrated en route from Paris to Los
and Korean Air. The people said the suspect part was fabricated on behalf of consortium member
Air France said in July it would retire its fleet
Angeles. It was prised from the ice in June
Pratt & Whitney, which declined to comment.
of 10 A380s by 2022.
©shutterstock, 75571303 | ISM_MA0077_190819
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12 News Extra
Image: Shutterstock
privately-owned terminal was blamed earlier this year for contaminating oil
Tokarev told Medvedev that chemical laboratories handling analysis of oil received
supplies.
at the intake points should be certified and accredited by regulatory authorities, according to the transcript.
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev will ask the government to consider the move, the website said, after Medvedev met Transneft Chief Executive Nikolai Tokarev on August 19.
Russia may give pipeline operator control of all oil intake terminals after contamination scare
R
Most of Russia’s oil intake terminals – hubs that receive oil from fields before it is moved into Transneft’s pipeline network – are controlled by private firms or oil companies. Tokarev told Medvedev that handing the running of the intake points to Transneft would prevent a repeat of the contamination
He also said Transneft was continuing talks on compensation for customers who received tainted oil, large volumes of which remain in Russia as the company works to improve its quality. TASS, the Russian state news agency, said Tokarev told Medvedev all the chloridecontaminated oil had been returned to Russia where it was being treated. In mid-April, the Belarusian concern
crisis that hit Russian exports in April, according to a transcript of their meeting on the website.
Belneftekhim reported a sharp deterioration in the quality of Russian oil running through the Druzhba pipeline, which supplies oil to Belarusian refineries and provides its transit
Prosecutors have accused a small oil transport firm of pumping toxic chemicals via a private oil terminal into Russia’s
to Europe via Belarus, Poland and Ukraine. Transit and refining were suspended.
crude pipeline network that then polluted oil exports to Europe. The crisis led to the suspension of flows through the Druzhba pipeline and hit Russia’s reputation as a
Minsk and Moscow started intergovernmental talks on compensation issues in May. Clean oil pumping from Russia to Belarus resumed in May.
ussia could transfer the operational responsibility for all oil intake terminals to state-
supplier. It has also led to tensions between
On June 19, a new source of oil contamination was registered in the pipeline
owned pipeline company Transneft, according to a report on a government website relayed by the Reuters news
Transneft, the world’s biggest oil pipeline network operator, and Russian oil companies, particularly over quality
segment running from Belarus to Poland. Oil throughput over the segment controlled by Poland’s pipeline operator PERN was
agency. The report comes after a
controls.
suspended and restarted on June 20.
News Extra 13
G
as production at the Groningen field in the
Netherlands gas production by area 2008 - Image: Wikimedia
Output at the Groningen field, which is operated by NAM, a joint
Netherlands will be halted entirely by 2022, eight years earlier than initially planned by the Dutch government, broadcaster NOS reported on September 10. Citing
venture between Royal Dutch Shell and Exxon Mobil, was due to fall to 19.4 bcm in the year through October 2019, down from a 2013 peak of 54 bcm.
anonymous government sources, NOS said production would be capped below 12 billion cubic metres (bcm) in the 12 months through October 2020. The government
Residents demanding an outright stoppage took their fight to the highest court in the Netherlands early this year. In March, Dutch MPs unanimously backed a call for a parliamentary inquiry into
had previously set a production cap for the period at 15.9 bcm.
continued gas extraction in the province.
The province of Groningen has been hit by a series of earthquakes due to ground settlement after gas extraction, the latest at 3.4 on the Richter scale in May. This has resulted in damage to many buildings and infrastructure installations. After an earlier 3.4 quake in January 2018, the
Dutch government to end Groningen gas production eight years earlier than planned government pledged to end production by 2030 and to lower it as quickly as possible in coming years.
Digitalizing hazardous Iqui tecte non nonsecto.areas. Bearum, connectivity. cus imi, quassitatur. Enabling Qui natur, in con plate. Enhancing mobility. Mobile Communication and Safety R2000 Detection
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After last year’s quake, gas sector regulator SodM said production should be cut to less than 12 bcm as soon as possible to minimise seismic risks. Prime Minister Mark Rutte said everyone had been optimistic about the discovery of the vast gas field
under the province in the 1950s, but it had now “turned into a nightmare”.
14 News Extra Image: Carnegie Mellon University
However, the number of nodes that the robots carry is limited, so they must eventually venture beyond their ad hoc network, operating autonomously to gather data. The robots will relay that information back to the operator once they return within range of the WiFi network.
Robots autonomously map underground mines
Under DARPA’s rules, the teams have 60 minutes to complete their mapping and search missions. Rocky 1 and Rocky 2 are both capable of running the entire time, but the drones have more limited flight times. The drones will therefore be used when the ground robots meet an obstruction that they can’t surmount, flying ahead to complete the mission.
everal research teams are competing in an event to develop robots capable of autonomously mapping and navigating
and mobility for us to be successful,” said Sebastian Scherer, who leads the Explorer team with Matt Travers,
The Tunnel Circuit is one of three circuit events leading up to the final event. An Urban Circuit, in which robots will explore complex underground facilities, will be in
mines. The first event in the multiyear competition, the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
both of whom are faculty members in CMU’s Robotics Institute. “Underground operations pose many unique challenges
February 2020 and a Cave Circuit will be in August 2020. A final event incorporating all three environments will be in August
Subterranean Challenge, will see 11 teams assemble their robots and drones between August 15-22 in the research mine operated by the National Institute
for robots, but we’ve benefitted from the Robotics Institute’s depth of experience in developing robots that can work in enclosed spaces and dark, dank
2021 and will determine the winner of the competition’s $2 million grand prize.
for Occupational Safety and Health in South Park Township, near Pittsburgh.
environments.”
needed by first responders when faced with underground environments that are damaged and are suspected to be unsafe
S
One of the major challenges facing the
The challenge will develop technologies
Explorer, a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Oregon State University, has assembled a
team has been maintaining communications between the robots and the human operator who oversees the robots from
for humans.
pair of wheeled robots and two drones to face a disaster scenario where they will be scored on their ability to develop a 3D map
outside the mine. The rock walls block radio signals, which means radios are largely useless unless they are in line
Challenge’s systems track, in which the teams develop physical robotic systems that compete in live environments. The
of the mine and identify a variety of objects positioned in the mine, including simulated human survivors.
of sight with each other. To overcome this problem, the ground robots, named Rocky 1 and Rocky 2, periodically drop
challenge also includes a virtual track, in which teams develop software and algorithms and compete in simulation-
WiFi nodes on the mine floor, creating a communications network as they go.
based events. Nine teams began the virtual competition in July; the winners will be announced during this month’s event.
“This is a task that requires robot autonomy, perception, networking,
Explorer competes in the Subterranean
Explorer is one of seven teams that will receive up to $4.5 million to develop their hardware and software for the competition. The team is sponsored by the Richard King Mellon Foundation, Schlumberger, Microsoft, Boeing, FLIR Systems, Near Earth Autonomy, Epson, Lord, and Doodle Labs.
The Explorer team tests its robots before the first circuit of the $2 million DARPA Subterranean Challenge – Image: Carnegie Mellon University
www.hazardexonthenet.net
For more information about the team and sponsorships, visit: https://www.subt-explorer.com/
News Extra 15
It has also promised to adopt the “highest possible ambition” when it reviews its climate
Image: Shutterstock
change pledges next year. But while smog-prone regions like Hebei and Beijing have already cut coal use and shut hundreds of small mines and power plants, China is still allowing for significant increases in coal production and coal-fired power generation.
Approvals for new coal mines in China surge despite climate pledges
A
study by the Reuters news agency shows that approvals for new coal
the big increase, despite the country’s commitments to reduce greenhouse gas
Reuters said industry groups still expect coal-fired power capacity to increase over the next few years, with investments in nuclear and renewables still insufficient to cover rising energy demand. The research unit of the China State Grid
mine construction in China have surged in 2019. China’s energy regulator gave the go-ahead to build 141 million tonnes of new annual coal production capacity
emissions, including the Paris agreement on climate change. Beijing aims to raise the share of non-fossil
Corporation last month forecast that total coal-fired capacity would peak at 1,2301,350 gigawatts (GW), which would mean an increase of about 200-300 GW.
from January to June, compared to 25 million tonnes over the whole of last year.
fuels in its overall energy mix to 15% by the end of next year from around 14.3% currently, and to 20% by 2030. It cut the
A study published earlier this year also suggested China’s targets would allow the
The agency’s analysis of National Energy Administration (NEA) documents showed
share of coal to 59% last year, down from 68.5% in 2012.
construction of another 290 GW of coal-fired capacity in the coming years.
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16 News Extra
Image: Shutterstock
Offshore oil and gas rigs leak more greenhouse gas than expected A
survey of offshore installations extracting oil and natural gas in the North Sea has revealed that far more
an additional 330,000 cars on the road, the researchers said.
local weather conditions. The small boat circled outside the 500-metre exclusion zone around each site, sometimes avoiding
methane is leaking from the installations than currently estimated by the UK government. The survey was conducted
The large number of offshore platforms around the globe make careful measurement and analysis of leakage critical for global
service boats curious about the researchers’ purpose.
by a research team led by scientists from Princeton University.
emissions inventories and for mitigating climate change, the researchers added. Methane, the primary component of natural
The researchers used readings from the analyser, plus data on meteorological conditions, to estimate the amount of
Using a laser-based instrument mounted on small fishing boats, the researchers estimated methane emissions from eight
gas, is both a greenhouse gas and a contributor to smog.
methane leaking from the rigs and to calculate average loss based on the rigs’ production. When they compared those numbers to the
North Sea production platforms off the coasts of England and Scotland. Contrary to current expectations, they found that all the sampled offshore installations leaked even when they were not conducting operations expected to cause methane emissions. On average, methane leakage occurring during normal operations more than doubles each installations’ reported
Until now, the researchers said, offshore rigs have essentially been viewed as nearly 100% efficient, with no leakage of methane except during certain actions, such as releasing gas to control pressure inside wells or moving oil from rigs to ships. In the UK, for example, petroleum companies estimate leakage based on these actions and report the totals annually to the British government. The
official estimates, they realised there was substantial leakage that was not included in the official estimates. Riddick said the 0.19 % was a conservative estimate and the actual leakage could be greater.
emissions to the UK’s National Atmospheric Emission Inventory.
researchers said the most recent findings raise concern that policymakers might not be receiving accurate estimates for methane leakage from offshore oil and gas rigs.
industry and government. Policymakers, he added, could use a similar approach to more accurately assess total emissions from production sources, and the industry could also benefit from the technology.
In an article published on August 2 in the journal ‘Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics’, the researchers noted that previously reported leakage from operating oil and gas platforms appear low: 0.13% of production by UK government estimates. However, the researchers found that an additional 0.19% occurred during normal operations. For the UK, this additional 0.19% corresponds to
www.hazardexonthenet.net
In 2017, Princeton researcher Stuart Riddick used a 30-foot sport fishing boat as a platform to measure methane emissions from North Sea offshore oil and gas installations. Riddick collected methane concentration data using a laser-based analyser and mounted sensors on the boat to measure
Riddick said the work demonstrates a method of directly monitoring leaks from offshore installations that could be used by
“We hope this method can be used as a diagnostic tool by the oil and gas industry and regulators to actively measure emissions to identify leaks, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve company profits,” Riddick added.
News Extra 17
Representative image: Shutterstock
Five nuclear engineers killed by rocket explosion in Russia F
ive Russian nuclear engineers died and three injured following a rocket engine explosion on an offshore
A further three engineers were injured, Rosatom said.
The missile explosion follows a fire on a Russian navy research submersible on July 1 that killed 14 crew members. Russian
platform in the White Sea, northern Russia. The blast, which occurred on August 8, caused a spike in radiation
The Russian defence ministry had said there was no change in radiation levels in the surrounding area, but this was later
media said the vessel was a nuclear minisubmarine used for special operations.
levels in the nearby city of Severodvinsk.
contradicted by officials in Severodvinsk who reported a 40-minute spike in radiation levels. Local residents were said to be
The fire was later put out and the vessel is now at Severomorsk, the main base of the Russian Northern Fleet.
On August 13, the Interfax news agency said local authorities had ordered the evacuation of the town of Nyonoksa, which is 30 kilometres west of Severodvinsk, from
stocking up on iodine pills as a result of the news.
August 14.
Nuclear experts in the US believe that the explosion may have occurred during testing of a nuclear-powered cruise missile. It has
Reports in local media said several of the crew were injured and taken to hospital.
been reported that the explosion could have happened at a weapon testing facility near the village of Nyonoksa where ballistic and cruise missiles are tested by the Russian navy.
Russian President Vladimir Putin gave his condolences to the victims’ families and described the incident as a big loss for the Russian Navy.
Rosatom did add that the rocket’s fuel caught fire following the completion of a
According to the BBC, Russia is currently testing several nuclear-powered missiles, one of which is a cruise missile called
President Putin said the dead included two heroes of Russia and seven Captains 1st Rank, which seems unusually senior
test which caused its engine to explode. The explosion could have caused a toxic fuel spill, but this was not confirmed by Rosatom. The five nuclear engineers who were killed by the blast have since been given posthumous awards and praised
Burevestnik. The Burevestnik’s nuclear propulsion would, according to Russian President Vladimir Putin, give it “unlimited” range. It is not known whether the explosion near Nyonoksa involved the Burevestnik missile or one of Russia’s other nuclear
for research work.
as “national heroes”.
research projects.
intercepting undersea cables.
The Russian state nuclear agency, Rosatom, said that five people were killed and that the accident involved “isotope power sources” but gave no further information or explanation as to how the explosion happened.
The defence ministry did not say how many crew members were aboard at the time.
Some media in Russia cited sources saying they could have been on board the secretive AS-12, thought to be used for highly sensitive missions including
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18 News Extra
Representative image: Shutterstock
O
significant impact - on a transmission line at 16:52 local time, which returned to normal
Ofgem commissioned an urgent report into the causes of the outages from National Grid
Around 500 megawatts of generation capacity was also disconnected – all of which is normal for such events.
n August 20, UK electricity regulator Ofgem said network operator National
Grid had concluded that a country-wide blackout on August 9 was caused by a lightning strike.
and said it would open its own investigation to establish whether any of the grid and network operators or generators breached their licence conditions.
operation after around 20 seconds, the grid’s report said.
However, immediately after the lightning strike and within seconds of each other, Hornsea and Little Barford reduced supply to the grid, disconnecting 1,378 MW of generation.
The hour-long outage left almost 1 million
Country-wide blackout caused by lightning strike says National Grid
homes without power while two of London’s busiest train stations closed at rush-hour because of overcrowding as services were cancelled or delayed.
“As generation would not be expected to trip off or de-load in response to a lightning strike, this appears to represent an extremely rare and unexpected event,” National Grid said.
National Grid said the power cuts were the result of an unusual issue that led to the almost simultaneous loss of output from two generators
National Grid said it would deliver its final report to Ofgem by September 6, in which it will examine the exact failure mechanisms at Little
– Orsted’s Hornsea offshore windfarm and RWE’s Little Barford gas-fired plant.
Barford and Hornsea, as well as demand side impacts and communication processes.
There were many lightning strikes that hit the electricity grid that day, but only one had a
Separately, an emergency committee will also investigate the incident, the government said.
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News Extra 19
The Mossmorran flare Image: Richard Webb / Geograph.org.uk
E
xxonMobil’s Mossmorran chemical plant in Fife, Scotland has been
The plant, jointly operated by ExxonMobil and Shell, has been criticised on
shut down until at least November after its temporary closure. The plant’s manager, Jacob McAlister, said that the extension of the temporary closure is to make the plant “more reliable” and that it will reopen “at some point during
numerous occasions for excessive flaring. A resident-led campaign group believes that the extension to the shutdown means there must have been a “catastrophic failure”. James Glen, chairman of the Mossmorran Action Group, said: “If Exxon
the fourth quarter of the year”.
is being shut down for so long, there has obviously been a catastrophic failure at the plant. Emergency shutdowns and major repairs should not be necessary if a plant is being maintained to the highest standards.”
ExxonMobil Chemical initially made the decision to close the Mossmorran ethylene plant on August 12 to allow operators to investigate boiler failures after two of the site’s three boilers broke down.
Mossmorran chemical plant shut down until November
Jacob McAlister said: “This move gives us the extra time to thoroughly understand
Environmental regulator Sepa recently announced that it had received almost 1,400 complaints about the Mossmorran
and address the mechanical issues with our boilers, while also undertaking a programme of wider preventative work that will further improve reliability when we
site. As a result, both ExxonMobil and Shell had their permits varied and were told to install flare tips that reduce noise.
re-start the plant. This temporary shutdown has a significant commercial and operational impact for our company, but it
In May, the Mossmorran chemical plant was investigated by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) after it was discovered that
underlines our commitment to ensuring safe and reliable operations.”
ethane had been leaking from damaged pipes for a “number of weeks”.
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Hazardex 141x104_oct - nov 2019.indd 1
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Digitalisation is king!
Standards 1
1 StandardsStandards 15 to the business. But why am I giving you the independent verifier Standards 21 15 to the business. But why am I giving you the independent verifier basicBut information if, like organisation, with the to thesuch business. why am I giving youmost of the the independent verifier as a “person or a basicBut information if, like organisation, with the to thesuch business. why am I giving youmost of the the independent verifier as a “person or a suchreadership, basic information likefamiliar most of the organisation, with the appropriate compete youif,are with the hazardous in the applied protectio suchreadership, basic information if,are likefamiliar most of the organisation, with the appropriate compete with the hazardous in the applied protectio readership, you areyou familiar with the hazardous in the applied protection methodology, area business? responsible for the verifi readership, you are familiar with the hazardous in the applied protection methodology, business? the verifi area area business? responsible forresponsible the verificationfor of design assessme area business? responsible forcalculations, the verification of design calculations, assessment and testing who calculations, assessme calculations, assessment and testing who I mention these facts to highlight a big issue are separate and distinc I mention these facts to highlight a big issue separate and distinct by management I mention these facts to ahighlight a bigare issue aredistinct separate and distinc I mention these facts to highlight big issue are separate and by management for manufacturers of explosion and other resources inc for manufacturers of explosion protected protected and other resources including financial, from for manufacturers of explosion protected and other resources inc for manufacturers of explosion protected and other resources including financial, from The products task of these the firstcouldthey assessors for these activities andexperts systems: they come into come the person or organisation responsible for products andissystems: could into certification the person or organisat In order toand ensure this high quality, IECEx and ambient temperature products systems: they couldthey come into come thetemperature person organisation foro products and systems: could into the person or organisat assessment of new ExCB and ExTL became necessary. 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On the basis of of the assessment process inside the manufacture or sales of the equipment.” concept for process plants, including is – don’t worry too much. Apparently, On the one hand, end users will not accept a manufacture or sales o for ExTLs in 2010. The idea behind this is to (ethylene & hydrogen) selected accordin concept for process plants, including is – don’t worry too much. Apparently, three general ISO/IEC standards and all IECEx system, the IECEx Management select type test as itavailable is defined in a accept certain IEC 60079-1. hazardous areas. thereOn willthe beaone many new forusers hand, end users will not a accept On the onejobs hand, end will not a(equipment protection level) “a”, th situation in which they can establish modern For EPL select a type test ashand, itavailable is defined in a certain IEC 60079-1. hazardous areas. there will be new jobs for other relevant operational documents of Committee decided to reorganise the the one end users will not accept people in-On the age of digitalisation. Aestablish study IEC TCmany 31which standard (IEC 60079 – XX) and situation in canthey modern For EPLa(equipment protection level) “a”,pro th situation inarethey which can establish modern For EPL digitalised processes and procedures inand the evaluation ofand the equipment has to be don people in the age of digitalisation. A study IEC TC 31 standard (IEC 60079 – XX) IECEx, the assessors evaluating the assessor’s organisation to lift its in(equipment If questions emerge during the work by adigitalised US IT consultancy recently suggested to create standardised andprocedures calibrated test On the basis ofequipment two configurations the situation in which they can establish modern For EPL (equipment pro processes and in the evaluation of the has to beofdon Ifthe questions emerge during the work in of the by asafe UScreate ITdigitalised consultancy recently suggested areas of theirprocesses plants, cannot by three verifiers, for EPL respective Certification Body or Test Lab importance relevance inside IECEx andbut procedures inand the equipm to calibrated test On the basisevaluation of two configurations of“b” the plant, experts orindependent supervisors can several new jobstandardised profiles inprocess thisand brave new samples for this test. The samples are than Test Sample “EP” two explosive mixtures safenew areas of fulfilling theirprocesses plants, but cannot by independent verifiers, for EPL “b” digitalised and procedures in three the evaluation of the equipm the plant, experts supervisors can several jobsame profiles inprocess this brave new to ensure they are general and to acontacted, level close to aor subcommittee. The apply the technologies in hazardous two, and for EPL “c”, one independent ver be pictures can be taken world including designer of aero taxis, samples for this test. The samples are than Test Sample “EP” two explosive mixtures safe areas of theirhave process buttwo, cannot by three sent tothe thesame ExTLs which makeplants, the two ambient temperatures and five igniti apply technologies intohazardous and for EPL “c”, oneindependent independent verv be contacted, pictures can be taken world including designer oflack aero taxis, special requirements. three general convener this new IECEx Assessors of their process butofiscannot by three v the job is done,independent planner stadiums, smart–home areas because ofThe awhich of applicable modern enough. sentofsafe toe-sport theareas ExTLs have to makeplants, theand transmitted. two After ambient temperatures and five igniti apply the technologies in hazardous and for EPL typeofstandards test with their and send the each, auploaded total of 40 explosion tests“c”, musto and transmitted. After the two, job iseasily done, planner e-sport stadiums, smart–home areas because ofsame aequipment lack offor applicable modern istheenough. ISO/IEC are: group and deputy convener are new the new data can be designer and recycling specialist data products due to restrictions setand by send the safety apply the same technologies in hazardous and for EPL type and testrecycling with their equipment the each, auploaded totaltwo, of 40 explosion tests“c”, musto the new data canExecutive bemore easily designer specialist for data test results to a are notified authority. IECEx, be performed by each is participant for the members of the Group. products due to restrictions set byAt the safety areas because of a lack of applicable modern is enough. to the database. No paperwork trash. Very good! But these jobs realistic Every two months, IECEx Chairman Prof. standards. On otherof hand, manufacturers The two years after introduction of test results to athe notified authority. 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German PTBand isforthis and are now program “Explosion Pressure”. on developments within his organisation Prof. Dr. Thorsten Arnhold provides necessary, the efficiency of increases for forklift truck drivers orcreating –alternatives General requirements bodies There 57 accepted ExCBs and Every twomonths, months, IECEx Chairman Prof. Thorsten Arnhold provides an update dramatically and sources ofwork failure are factory Every two IECEx Chairman Prof. products due toauthority, restrictions set by thethis safety producing the test samples and standards, evaluating the are obliged to fulfill these safety new procedure were quite a surprise. N Dr.Dr.Thorsten Arnhold provides anprovides update Prof. Dr. Thorsten Arnhold Dr. Thorstenon Arnhold provides an update an update developments within which are defined by the IECEx CB asked for first a are scope and onThorsten developments within his organisation. dramatically and sources ofThe failure factory hands? standards. thedocuments other hand,68 manufacturers twoextension years after producing the test samples and evaluating the operating certification ofOn persons ExTLs for the equipment scheme. Dr. Arnhold provides anChairman update removed. onondevelopments within his organisation. organisation. Every two months, After feedback from ExTLs, a test results. an update on developments within which are defined On by the documents IECEx CB asked for first aparticipating scope extension and developments withinIECEx his standards. the other hand, manufacturers The two years after his organisation removed. on developments within his organisation. mentioned above. as a result, no certificates were published. ne of the most fundamental The development of new IEC TC 31 Every two months,Arnhold IECEx Chairman After feedbackthis fromnew participating ExTLs, a testthese results. concerns, Ito cannot the safety standards, are obliged fulfilldeny these procedure wer hisDr. organisation Prof. Thorsten provides Despite statistical evaluation of the results is carrie mentioned above. as a result, no certificates were published. concerns, Ito cannot deny the safety are obliged fulfill these this wer rules of work all conformity •Despite ISO/IEC 17025 – General requirements standards, like non-electric thefor last year,new however, the situation must confess thatfor I am not totally Nostandards, wonderDuring thatthose process industries fact thatthese we can expect many benefits from Prof. Dr. Thorsten Arnhold provides statistical evaluation ofare theprocedure results is carrie an update on developments within for which areof defined by seven the documents IECEx CBthan asked fortoajois ne of thesystems most frequently asked out. The are invited In the meantime, the following programs During theparticipants last year, however, the situation must confess that I am not totally No wonder that process industries are that we can expect many benefits from assessment run by the the competence testing and sector. explosion protection, assemblies, optical convinced all the supposed so eager to introduce these new systems digitalisation inbeen the hazardous area t ne theof present time, there are few This has a major concern for documents IECEx. changed significantly. Now we havefor more an on developments within fact which are defined by seven the IECEx CBthan asked theofmost frequently asked out. The participants are invited toajoist In the meantime, the following programs his update organisation question at IECEx conferences and workshop in which the results are present have been conducted or are still running: convinced of alltime, the supposed so eager tochanged introduce these new systems digitalisation inbeen the hazardous area sector. t the present there are few This mentioned has a major concern for IECEx. significantly. Now we have more t International Electrotechnical calibration laboratories radiation etc., requires adequate reactions above. as a result, no certificat blessings of digitalisation. During my into their plants, and so far, so good. conferences or technical trade and Three yearsconducted ago, atabove. itsor annual Management 10 Ex CBs inand ExaTLs with ano respective sc his organisation question at IECEx conferences workshop which the results are present havementioned been are still running: result, certificat blessings of digitalisation. During my into plants, and so far,as so similar events is about the difference andExdiscussed. Angood. important part of thissc Commission (IEC) is Itechnical the “peer-toof thetheir assessment process and of the conferences or trade years ago, at its annual Management 10 CBs and Ex TLs with a respective professional career, have visited However, these shiny new possibilities At itsThree most basic, toTest keep standards During the last year, ho • Spark Ignition for Ex “I” Test Round 2010 shows that do not have the Industrial Committee Meeting in The Hague, the extension and a number of applications. similar events is In about the difference and discussed. An important part of this professional I in have visited However, shinythat new possibilities itsCommittee basic, toTest keep standards peer” principle. our case, it different means 17065:2012 Conformity competence. Itall isthese similar for last ho between ATEX andhave IECEx. worries – •At workshop is training to the achieve ayear, common •most Spark Ignition forthe Ex whole “I” Hague, Test the Roundassessor’s 2010make these shows docareer, not theNo Industrial Meeting in The extension and aDuring number of applications. many that manufacturers many can you forget ofISO/IEC safety high throughout of Things (IIOT) as the main organisation launched a new procedure to • Flame Transmission for Ex “d” Test Round 2013 tInternet the present time, there are few This has been a major concern for IECEx. changed significantly. N between ATEX andof IECEx. No different worries – Assessment workshop is training to achieve a common many manufacturers in many can make you forget that all these of safety high throughout the whole that the members our organisations – Requirements for bodies the Certified Service Facility Scheme with industries all the world and smart devices are poweredchanged bythe electrical operational life of equipment in these I don`t want toover give a lecture about this understanding of bestsignificantly. working practic of Things (IIOT) as the main organisation launched a “d” new procedure • Flame Transmission for Ex Test Roundto 2013 tInternet the present time, there are few This has been a major concern for IECEx. N focus. One of most important adopt the new IEC 60079-33 A look in theand IECEx online database shows • Temperature Classification Test RoundThis 2013 industries all over the world smart devices are powered by electrical operational life of equipment in general these I don`t want tothe give a lecture about this understanding of the best working are supervising each other inand alllevels products, processes and its 16 accepted ExCBs the Certified conferences or technical trade years ago, at itsstandard. annual Management 10 Ex CBs and Expractic TLs most of those with the highest energy, normally stored inIECEx batteries. As adatabase areas, it isThree necessary to conduct regular topic now. Itofisthe not so obvious but there certifying focus. One most important adopt the new IEC 60079-33 standard. This A look in the online shows • Temperature Classification general Test Round 2013 conferences or technical trade years ago, atthose its“s” annual Management 10 than Exwith CBs and Ex TLs most of those with the highest levels energy, normally stored in batteries. Asmeet acertificates areas, it isThree necessary to conduct consequences of this trend are the covers the maintenance. protection method forRound “special”, that those already more 20 base important of activities. This Personal Competencies Scheme 15 topic now. Itkinds is not so obvious but there services • Electrostatic Charge general Test 2015 the of that automation continue tointerested employ consequence, products have to inspections and Butregular shows do not have the Industrial Committee Meeting in“s” The Hague, extension and aPressure numbe are many differences. For The already workshop for than the Explosion consequences of this trend are the covers the maintenance. protection method forRound “special”, that more 20 certificates base • Electrostatic Charge general Test 2015 of automation continue to employ consequence, those products have to meet inspections and But those also means that there ismanual no need for accepted drastically shrinking value chains and which was introduced to permit theRound quick on 60079-33 been published, an shows that do not have the Industrial Committee The Hague, theExCBs. extension and aPressure numbe significant numbers ofFor all requirements which electrical products responsible might have toMeeting manage a in couple are many differences. interested TheIEC workshop forhave the Explosion • Intrinsic Safety Test 2015 readers can recommend IECEx Program took place in June at thean drastically shrinking value chains and01A responsible which was introduced to permit quick on IEC 60079-33 have been 2018 published, Internet of IThings (IIOT) asthe the main organisation launched athenew procedure to significant numbers of manual all requirements which electrical products might havecovered to manage a couple external independent governmental • Intrinsic Safety Test Round 2015 innovation cycles in every sector, and adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that many others will follow. workers, whether in production, intended for use in hazardous areas have of thousand products by ‘Ex’ or readers can recommend IECEx 01A Program took place in June 2018 at the Internet of IThings (IIOT) asthe the main organisation a new procedure to • Explosion forlaunched Ex “d” Test Round 2017 for Guide: Informative Guide comparing PTB inin Braunschweig, Germany, 80 innovation cycles ininevery sector, and adoption ofPressure new technologies, new materials am confident that manyin others willand follow. workers, production, intended use hazardous areas have of thousand products by ‘Ex’ or authorities, such as the ATEX system At IECEx, peer-to-peer transport or logistics. to2017 fulfil. the safety standards, focus. One“An ofwhether the most important adopt thecovered new IEC 60079-33 standard. This Aprinciple look the IECEx onli • Explosion Pressure for Ex “d”when Test Round especially in the process industries. etc. This implements aand practice which has Guide: “An Informative Guide comparing functional PTB in Braunschweig, Germany, and 80 The task of these • Pressurised Enclosure for Ex “p” est Round 2017 transport or logistics. toapplied fulfil. across safety standards, when focus. One ofin the most important adopt the this newcan IEC 60079-33 Thisseveralfrom A look in the IECEx onli various elements of both IECEx and ATEX”functional participants international ExTLs joine in Europe. The peer-to-peer system isstandard. levels of the especially the process industries. etc. This implements aand practice which has paperwork is involved, often prove been field-proven in the ATEX For IECEx, this development ismore recognition • Pressurised Enclosure for Ex “p” area est Round 2017 consequences ofbecause this trend areand theATEX”paperwork covers the protection method “s” for “special”, that already than various elements of both IECEx participants from international ExTLs joine is involved, this can often prove functions well all partners organisation. The IECEx secretary, or experts is the first which can be downloaded from the IECEx this event. In the eight years the program been field-proven in the ATEX area For IECEx, this development is recognition Every day we of seethis tens of thousands IECEx we have that recognised these an impossible task.the protection method At consequences trend are the “s”IECforand“special”, already more than h In process facility safe areas, thethe speed sincecovers 2003. that its we focus on this area hasthe been useful which can be downloaded from IECEx this event. Inthe the eight years program h Every day we see tens of thousands At IEC and IECEx have recognised these an impossible task. drastically shrinking value chains and which was introduced to permit the quick on IEC 60079-33 have in our network have an interest one of his colleagues in Sydney ofprocess trucksunder onfacility ourPublications highways driven the by speed their importance for thethat website beenand wethis have seen the quali Asassessment an 2003. illustration of the here is aspecific short issues ofprogram, new to In safe areas, since that itsrunning, focus on area has been useful drastically shrinking value chains and which was introduced permit the quick on IEC 60079-33 have of adaptation to this trend is restricted the industry and high levels of safety will be of trucks on the our highways driven by specific issues and their importance for thethat the quali website under Publications been running, wereports have seen an illustration of digitalisation, the program, here is aoffice, shortchecks in keeping quality level high all the written and drivers. market. Wethe have established afrom special IEC however, thanks to innovation cycles in every sector, and Now,As adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that many our test has risen aofsatisfactory level description of and one chapter of the 2017 Test ofexperienced adaptation to responsible this trend is restricted industry and high levels of safety will be ExCB ExTL bysince the innovation of the suppliers and the Under the ATEX directive, the fulfillment of maintained. experienced and responsible drivers. Now, however, thanks to digitalisation, market. We have established a special IEC only then will the conformity the assessments. This helps to clarify innovation cycles in every sector, and adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that many our test has risen from a satisfactory level description of one chapter of the 2017 Test In the supermarket, I am happier to pay equipment in hazardous locations is working group to deal with questions on What I want to highlight in this article isand the the the beginning to an excellent level today. 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Our Executive Secretary, Chris Agius importance and the trust-building effect of is described by the standard “Explosive One of the mostaimportant parts ofthe the speedindividual permanent compliance during officer in theTC obligatory, and harmonised standards just conference the 31 spring sessio In process facility safe areas, since 2003. that its focus onbethis are thenprocess only when human assistant comes products by means of digital type are Many sector companies have to one way to do this. Split Croatia on 23 April 2018, to held defined periods basis. Our Executive Secretary, Chris Agius importance and the trust-building effect of is described by the standard “Explosive of adaptation to this trend is restricted the industry and high lebb then only when human comes individual products by digital type protection IECEx system isathe assessor function. IECEx organisation. 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The Petroineos refinery at Grangemouth in Scotland
Hazardex interview 23
Hazardex interview: Stephen Marcos Jones, Director General, UK Petroleum Industry Association
I
challenges the industry is facing at this momentous time in the country’s
n July 2019, the United Kingdom
Petroleum Industry (UKPIA), the UK’s downstream industry association, published its blueprint for a low-carbon
industrial and economic history, and what opportunities may lie ahead.
future, the Future Vision report. The report highlights ways in which
AF: Future Vision is an interesting and sometimes surprising report – how has it been received so far?
the downstream oil sector can continue to play a major role, whilst also helping the UK realise its net-zero
SMJ: We’ve had very positive feedback. We launched it recently at the All-Party
climate ambitions by delivering lower lifecycle emissions from its processes and products.
Parliamentary Group on Oil Refining and had support from senior figures at the Department for Business, Energy and
It also outlines the opportunities across the sector – from the refinery to the forecourt – that can help companies decarbonise their operations, provide a new generation of low-carbon liquid fuels to consumers and ensure that the industry continues to be a major contributor to the UK economy.
Industrial Strategy. We very much have worked within the existing policy landscape to find levers within the government’s overall policy vision.
Stephen Marcos Jones
further incentivise the downstream oil industry to make the changes to operate in a low-carbon world.
We then had an awayday following the launch where we had representatives from most of the relevant government
With the sector currently making an annual contribution to UK GDP of £21.2 billion and supporting around 300,000 jobs, Future Vision calls for a technology
Following publication of the report, Hazardex editor Alan Franck spoke to UKPIA Director General Stephen
departments, including BEIS, Transport, DEFRA and International Trade and again it was warmly received – as a compelling narrative emphasising the relevance of the downstream industry and clearly setting out the opportunities and challenges we
neutral investment climate that will
Marcos Jones to discover what
will face over the next few decades.
24 Hazardex interview Exxon Mobil’s Fawley refinery near Southampton
UKPIA represents eight member companies across the downstream oil sector, which includes the refining, distribution and marketing of oil
for all six major refineries, coastal and inland fuel terminals, thousands of miles of pipelines and over 1,200 filling stations in the UK. The sector supports both the
products in the UK. These are BP, Essar, ExxonMobil, Petroineos, Phillips, Shell, Total and Valero.
direct and supply-chain employment of 300,000 people.
From petrol and aviation fuel to heating oil and lubricants, members are responsible UKPIAmembers
Associate members are Certas Energy,
I think one of the important points to make about the vision is that we are part of the
CLH, Dragon LNG, LocalFuel, National Grid, and Puma Energy.
solution here, we are not switching off and denying renewables have a part to play. We have an appetite to get involved as a sector, we have huge infrastructure already in place – including 6 refineries, over 60 fuel terminals, 3,000 miles of pipelines and 8,500 filling stations – we have expertise and innovation is part of what we do. So, we ask government to give us a chance to show that we can help on the road to ‘net zero’. AF: Do you have traction with Government departments? SMJ: I think we do. Every week almost,
UKPIA Associate Members
the government comes out with a new target such as the Climate Change Committee report that came up with the net zero target, and we’re the first country to put it into legislation. But what we’re finding when we speak to government is that they set lofty targets but the pathway to achieving them has not been very well defined. So, we argue, we can sign up to your vision, but because a silver bullet doesn’t really exist, give us a chance to work with you to achieve real-world solutions.
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Hazardex interview 25
It’s going to be the coexistence of many different sectors in the energy field that will
one of our arguments is that government needs to find a one way of incentivising
proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions, we have something that is
help achieve these targets, and society will expect us to achieve these targets, so we don’t have a choice as a sector but to evolve.
CCUS, which is crucial to make carbon reduction a reality in the UK.
potentially exportable.
AF: Will this and other methods of
For many years the global oil and gas industry has looked to the North Sea and
decarbonising suggested in the report require Government support?
the UK for examples of good practice, and if we can create that kind of leadership in clean technology, we could become
– what is the situation on CCUS with UKPIA members?
You should remember that our members are already involved in some of the initiatives that are set out in the report,
trailblazers again.
SMJ: Many of our members are running carbon capture projects elsewhere around the globe – remember many
for example in the Humber region they’re already processing used cooking oil.
challenge always is, why would you invest in the UK? Why would you make the difficult investment here, rather than
are international companies. In the UK, however, it’s been very difficult to make the economic case for investments in CCUS.
Exxon is looking at algae as a potential biofuel, and a number of the refineries, such as the Total Lindsey Refinery, are looking at ways of reducing their fuel consumption and carbon footprints to run their operations more efficiently.
in parts of the world where it is easier to make a return on your investment?
AF: The report addresses the issue of carbon capture, usage and storage
It’s not the technology – that already exists – but the question is doing it at a scale where the numbers add up. And that’s why we as a sector have been talking about the concept of industrial clustering.
Companies are international so the
AF: Will Government financial support be an important part of this vision?
It comes back to how we make the economic case for companies to invest in these technologies in the UK and that’s where UKPIA needs to work in a pragmatic way with Government to enable the right business environment to develop and for these technologies to take root.
SMJ: Yes. We will need to look at that and concepts such as carbon pricing closely. Also, we need to look at ways of de-risking these new technologies using facilities such as the National Loan Guarantee Scheme. Government underwriting new projects might make them more attractive to investors.
If you link not just to net zero but also to industrial strategy, it’s quite a compelling argument.
AF: Would you say regulatory overburden is a problem for the downstream sector?
The UK Government is launching a consultation soon to look at the financial
If we can get it right in the UK, even
SMJ: Yes, it’s still a challenge for the
mechanisms behind carbon capture and
though we only produce a small
sector in the UK.
This involves working with other adjacent heavy and energy intensive industries to come together to develop at-scale carbon capture in a particular industrial area. So, it hasn’t happened yet in the UK but that’s largely down to the economics.
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Hazardex interview 27
UKPIA foresees energy clusters where refineries, carbon capture, biofuel and renewable activities complement each other
Often, policymakers might come up with a regulation that hasn’t really been
sulphur dioxide emissions.
AF: Is the high cost of energy in the UK, compared to other EU countries,
thought through on the ground. So, by building a different kind of relationship with Government, officials will come to us early on and test policy proposals.
Sometimes, when you try to translate proposals from the policy making ivory tower into the realities of day-to-day business it just doesn’t work. So, I really think it comes down to the relationship we
a problem for your members?
For example, proposals that specific equipment must be introduced to reduce sulphur emissions were made in the past.
have with government and I’m certainly seeing that the approach of sharing ambitions actually yields a lot more.
If you look at examples in our own sector, Valero at Pembroke is investing in a CHP
We then provided a reality check and said: we see what you’re trying to do but space is limited on the site, funds might not be
And yes, we are highly regulated, but much of that regulation is well founded.
plant and Ineos at Grangemouth in an ethane-fuelled facility which will take them off the National Grid and enable them to
SMJ: Yes, we are an energy-intensive sector and that is indeed a a burden for many companies.
available, or perhaps you’re going to make the senior company executives think long and hard about whether the asset is a
We have world class health and safety and environmental regulation.
going concern.
how to overcome that burden.
Working together on issues such as this
BEIS are custodians of the regulators code and the first principle of that is that regulators should carry out their activities
has been part of how our industry has achieved considerable reductions in
in a way that supports the industries they regulate to comply and grow.
a low-margin industry? If yes, what are the consequences of this?
Alongside an increase in the use of electric and hybrid technology, UKPIA forecasts a continuing demand for hydrocarbon fuels well into the future
generate their own energy. Companies are thinking long and hard
AF: Would you characterise refining as
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28 Hazardex interview
UKPIA Future Vision report • Many opportunities exist for the downstream oil sector to work with other industries – particularly in industrial clusters – to achieve at-scale decarbonisation, especially thanks to energy efficiency improvements and new technologies such as carbon capture. • Refineries of the Future can be vanguard R&D hubs for low-carbon liquid fuels, which can help society realise its climate change ambitions as well as offering opportunity to increase exports of lowcarbon products and expertise. The report calls for a technology neutral investment climate that will further incentivise the downstream oil industry to make the changes to operate in a lowcarbon world. UKPIA Director-General Stephen Marcos Jones said: “Achieving the enormously challenging targets of reducing emissions to net-zero by 2050, recently put into law by the UK Government, will require a complete transformation of the UK energy system. The downstream oil sector has A future downstream oil sector that delivers lower lifecycle emissions from its processes and products can play a major role in
to consumers and ensure that the industry continues to be a major contributor to the UK economy.
a major opportunity to be an enabler for this transition to a low-carbon economy. However, it will require pragmatic and
helping the UK realise its net-zero climate ambitions, according to a the UKPIA Future Vision report.
Conclusions from the report include: • By 2050 demand for liquid fuels will
supportive policymaking to encourage companies to make the investments of time, personnel, capital and business
The report outlines the opportunities across the sector – from the refinery to
change, but they will still be needed. • The fuels we use today could be made low-carbon on a lifecycle basis,
the forecourt – that can help companies decarbonise their operations, provide a new generation of low-carbon liquid fuels
efficiently using existing distribution infrastructure and without having to wait for a new car fleet.
leadership necessary to achieve these goals.” To access the UKPIA Final Vision report go to: www.ukpia.com/media/2219/ukpiavision-july-2019.pdf
Hazardex interview 29
SMJ: Yes, it’s still a tight margin industry: that’s a reality of the sector. This means there isn’t space for a lot of volatility, there isn’t space for a lot of uncertainty. You can’t push us too far because asset owners don’t have to be here – they can move their operations to a more business-friendly environment. There’s a big risk of that. AF: What are the other major challenges?
But we have a supply chain that is so interlinked and so used to working with Europe that no matter how much work is done there will be some detail that will become a problem for us because you’re unpicking years of integration. That’s a big worry for us. Another challenge could be during plant maintenance. Every few years, refineries undergo major planned maintenance events – or ‘turnarounds’ – and many of the skilled contractors involved come from other European countries. We
AF: Are there any other areas of focus for UKPIA in 2019? SMJ: One of our main areas of emphasis is on process safety leadership and continuing the robust focus on health and safety throughout the downstream oil sector. We’ve had Ken Rivers, the IChemE President, presenting on this to our council, and our UKPIA safety specialist Funkée Adeosun is looking at the safety reports that each refinery produces to
SMJ: Brexit is a big step into the unknown. The tariff proposals put forward by the Department for International Trade are an issue that UKPIA and our members have
need a work visa system in place postBrexit that ensures our ability to perform turnarounds continues on the scale we have traditionally done in the past.
been concerned about. Another issue is REACH [the EU chemicals identification and regulation regime]. If a fully functioning UK REACH system isn’t put in place, trade
So, our top three worries are tariffs, REACH and access to a skilled workforce.
and safety culture pervades the entire workforce, up to and including the leadership of the organisation.
AF: We now have only six refineries in the UK, down from nine in 2010. Do you foresee any further closures?
I also think it’s important that our health and safety regime in the UK remains robust as new technologies come in and
SMJ: We hope that will not be the case and are working hard to ensure these major industrial assets continue to contribute to
digitalisation takes place. On the forecourt, what will it mean when you get electric charging points and hydrogen next to traditional fuel pumps? It will be important
the economy up to 2050 and beyond.
to get a handle on that. And you have
can’t happen because the chemicals would not be recognised by the EU. I know DEFRA is doing its best to try to regularise the situation and ensure all the administrative work is done before the end of October.
ensure each is a living document that is used every day across each organisation. We have to ensure that the health
Essar’s Stanlow refinery near Liverpool
www.hazardexonthenet.net
Valero’s Pembroke refinery in Wales
30 Hazardex interview
mobile fuel services going around and filling your car while you sleep. There could be many safety implications here that need to be addressed.
create quite a unique offer for engineers. This might involve working one week in renewables, another in carbon capture, then a third in part of the refinery with a
constructively with government to help unblock investment potential.
varied career across all the components of the cluster.
a refinery-focused operation, but I realised from my time in upstream that we needed to evolve into a voice for the whole downstream
apprentices, graduates and young engineers. I think we’re challenged by the perception in schools, colleges and universities that the oil and gas sector is
AF: That seems an ambitious programme.
sector. That is now our vision.
not a good place to seek a career. As a sector we really have to shift our
easy bit – making it all happen will be the challenge. As an association we have parameters we have to work within.
narrative to explain why our industry is a very compelling place to work. Persuading young people to help us transition towards
The big challenge will be working with government to help create the business
Another area of focus is making our industry an attractive destination for
a low carbon future will be no mean feat.
About the interviewee SMJ: I think launching the report is the
If we as a sector can set up regional
conditions for companies to be able to potentially invest in the opportunities we have identified. It’s early days so I
energy clusters, as described in the Future Vision report, then we could
don’t know how difficult that’s going to be, but I hope we can work closely and
www.hazardexonthenet.net
When I started this job, UKPIA was quite
As Director-General, Stephen Marcos Jones is responsible for the overall management and effectiveness of UKPIA as the UK’s principal advocate for the downstream oil sector. He previously held a number of senior positions at Oil & Gas UK, including Director of Business Development, and before that worked at the UK Department of Education and an international scientific NGO.
The Grangemouth refinery
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32 Risk management
Hazardex – October 2019 – p32-33 [eyebrow]
Hazardex – October 2019 – p32-33 Risk management [eyebrow] [head]
Risk management
Engineering judgement space; 4 shades of grey? [head] [lead] Engineering judgement space; 4 shades of grey? The effective exercising of engineering judgement may be identified as one of the hallmarks of the [lead] true professional engineer. But in embracing this notion, there is perhaps a danger that individual engineers may eager to theirjudgement judgementmay in demonstration their The become effectiveover exercising of exercise engineering be identified asofone of the hallmarks of the professionalism. We may identify a further hallmark as an awareness of this the that individual true professional engineer. But in embracing this notion, there is danger perhapsand a danger recognitionengineers of the need to become guard against it. Thetoallexercise too human of arrogance and hubris are set may over eager theirtraps judgement in demonstration of their to ensnare professionalism. us (we should doWe whatever we cana to prevent the marriage of expertise withdanger arrogance; may identify further hallmark as an awareness of this and the their offspring are doomed toneed be most unbecoming!). tohuman exercisetraps appropriate meta-and hubris are set recognition of the to guard against it.We Theneed all too of arrogance judgement;to judgement about judgements. ensnare us (we should do whatever we can to prevent the marriage of expertise with arrogance; their offspring are doomed to be most unbecoming!). We need to exercise appropriate metaOur primary defence must be an awareness of this situation, and in this regard, it may be useful to judgement; judgement about judgements. consider the ‘space’ within which engineering judgement is exercised by the individual engineer. Our primary defence must be an awareness of this situation, and in this regard, it may be useful to and hubris set tofrom ensnare us (we judgement exercised by the individual In this article,are adapted the corresponding chapter in his book:is‘Professional Engineering consider the ‘space’ within which engineering judgement is exercised by the individual engineer. Practice; Reflections on the Role of the Professional Engineer’, Harvey T. Dearden, Engineering should do whatever we can to prevent engineer. Director of In HTS Engineering Group, identifies the degree tochapter which engineers should validate their this article, adapted the corresponding in his book: ‘Professional Engineering the marriage of expertise withfrom arrogance; judgementsPractice; and howReflections they mighton dothe this.Role of the Professional Engineer’, Harvey T. Dearden, Engineering their offspring are doomed to be most In this article, adapted from the Director of HTS Engineering Group, identifies the degree to which engineers should validate their [body] unbecoming!). We need to exercise judgements and how they might do this. corresponding chapter in his book: appropriate meta-judgement; judgement ‘Professional We may ask what dimensions characterise this space? I propose two;Engineering sensitivity andPractice; domain [body] about judgements. familiarity. Reflections on the Role of the We may ask what dimensions characteriseProfessional this space? I propose two; Harvey sensitivity domain Engineer’, T. andthe 1. Sensitivity; how sensitive is consequence to an error in judgement. How severe would familiarity. Our primary defence an the objectivesDearden, Engineering Director of HTS loss be? To whatmust degreebe would be compromised? 2. Domain familiarity; how novel familiar is the context within which judgement is tosevere be would the awareness of1.this situation, and inorthis Engineering Group, identifies the degree Sensitivity; how sensitive is consequence to an error in judgement. How thebe? terrain welldegree understood loss To wouldand the objectives be compromised? regard,exercised? it may beIs useful to what consider towell-trodden? which engineers should validate their 2. Domain familiarity; how novel or judgements familiar is the context within which judgement the ‘space’ within which engineering how they do this.is to be In my book ‘Professional Engineering Practice’, judgement error wasand identified (usingmight the differential exercised? Is the terrain well understood and well-trodden? form) as being due to inaccuracy in the engineering model employed and the data used: my book ‘Professional Engineering Practice’, judgement errorengineering was identified (using the differential In my bookIn‘Professional Engineering to inaccuracy in the model form) as being toidentified inaccuracy in the engineering employed and the data used: Practice’, judgement errordue was employed model and the data used:
Engineering judgement space Four shades of grey? T
he effective exercising of engineering judgement may be identified as one of the hallmarks of the true professional engineer. But in embracing this notion, there is perhaps a danger that individual engineers may become over eager to exercise their judgement in demonstration of their professionalism. We may identify a further hallmark as an awareness of this danger and the recognition of the need to guard against it. The all too human traps of arrogance We may ask what dimensions characterise this space? I propose two; sensitivity and domain familiarity. 1. Sensitivity; how sensitive is consequence to an error in judgement. How severe would the loss be? To what degree would the objectives be compromised? 2. Domain familiarity; how novel or familiar is the context within which judgement is to be exercised? Is the terrain well understood and well-trodden?
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+,-./01023
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If we characterise sensitivity as: If we characterise sensitivity as: đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; If we characterise sensitivity as: đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; we may extend this representation: we may extend this representation: đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;
đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;ż â&#x2030;&#x2C6; extend this representation: .H . đ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;ż + . đ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;żđ?&#x203A;ż đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;I we may đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022;đ?&#x153;&#x2022; đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;
The underlying assumption here is that domain familiarity leads to a more accurate model and/or better data. Note that the model may not be an explicitly mathematical one, it might very well be â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fuzzyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and intuitive, but the expectation is that it captures the pertinent relationships. Given these dimensions we may chart judgement-space with a range of validation measures:
Risk management 33
accurate model and/or better data. Note that the model may not be an explicitly mathematical one, it might very well be ‘fuzzy’ and intuitive, but the expectation is that it captures the pertinent relationships. Given these dimensions we may chart judgement-space with a range of validation measures:
development (CPD) activity, including peer-review with colleagues. The space may become known to us, in the sense that we have studied the ‘terrain’, but it would not become ‘well-trodden’; our experience would remain limited. • If the space is novel and of high
Corroborate
Sensitivity Low
Consult
(Sanity Check)
(Seek Expertise)
Confer & Compare
Have independently reviewed
Recognise
Research
(Evaluate)
(Develop Skill)
Review & Reflect
Study & Confer
Familiar
Novel
Domain Familiarity
been adopted, but confidence does not necessarily correlate with ability. In his book ‘Thinking Fast and Slow’, Daniel Kahneman discusses the nature of expert intuition and reports that the factors that point to a reliable intuitive judgement from an expert are: A. ‘an environment that is sufficiently regular to be predictable’, and B. ‘an opportunity to learn these regularities through prolonged
There is of course a continuum of grey here, but in characterising the space with discrete zones we help make the space more immediately accessible (it
He makes the key point that the confidence of the person proclaiming a
was tempting to go with a 7 x 7 matrix, giving very nearly 50 shades of grey, but common sense prevailed):
judgement is a very unreliable guide to validity and should be disregarded. We should consider rather whether the field
• If the space is familiar and well-known to us and the sensitivity to any error would be low, the individual might
they are pronouncing upon is regular and whether they have the necessary experience. It is the combination of a
rely on him/herself to validate their own judgement, but it would still be appropriate to recognise that
regular ‘environment’ and ‘prolonged practice’ that constitutes ‘domain familiarity’.
In closing, let me say that I recognise that the map is susceptible to parody:
Share It High
(The Blame) (Research)
Low
Duck It (Consult)
Wing It
Copy It
(Recognise)
(Research)
Familiar
Novel
Domain Familiarity
About the author
practice’.
judgement is being exercised and to make an effort to consciously evaluate this through review and reflection.
There are a variety of cognitive biases that may influence our judgement and it
• If the space is familiar, but the potential sensitivity is high, then it behoves us to corroborate our judgements with some form of sanity check to reveal any inadvertent blind spot and confirm that the space does not have some unfamiliar characteristics. This might typically be through some form
is important that we should be aware of these and consciously strive to counter them (I urge that this should be a formal part of the curriculum for engineering students). Our judgements should be based on a proper understanding of the relevant causal mechanisms and we should avoid confusing correlation with
of peer-review with colleagues and comparison with previous cases. • If the space is novel and therefore not familiar to us, but the sensitivity to an error would be low, then we might undertake to research the space with
causality.
appropriate continuing professional
standards, professional committees, professional institutions etc. In a ‘word’ (initialism); CPD.
sensitivity, then formal consultation with independent expertise might well be appropriate. It might be argued that instead of domain familiarity, ‘confidence’ might have
High
colleagues, peer-review, the technical press, conferences, exhibitions,
Sensitivity
The underlying assumption here is that domain familiarity leads to a more
There remains then the question of calibration; what constitutes high sensitivity or a novel domain? This is resolved through broader engagement
Harvey T. Dearden (BSc CEng FIET FIMechE FInstMC FIChemE) is Engineering Director of HTS Engineering Group and a director of SISSuite Ltd. and Time Domain Solutions Ltd. He is actively involved with the Institute of Measurement & Control and is qualified through the InstMC as both a Registered Functional Safety Engineer (RFSE) and a Registered Ex Atmospheres Engineer (RExE). He previously held positions at Great Lakes Chemical, Associated Octel Company, Costain Oil and Gas & Process Ltd., SGS Redwood, Foxboro, and the National Nuclear Corporation.
within the profession; collaboration with
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34 Automation
Next generation Remote IO S in hazardous areas M
any Remote IO Systems are made for non-hazardous areas and only subsequently upgraded for hazardous areas. This means the capabilities of these units are restricted to Ex Zone 2 due to limited explosion protection measures, but the advantage with these devices is that they are mostly technically up-to-date. Due to the elaborate Ex approvals process for Zone 1 equipment, there are only a relatively small number of manufacturers in this sector which means the equipment is often no longer state of the art.
Compact Remote IO Systems offer clear advantages for all applications within decentralised system areas to get closer to sensors and actuators sensors and actuators in the field are often distributed into manageable decentralised groups which are networked with each other. This gives an opportunity for an innovative company in the sector to make its mark.
hardware change must also be tracked in the configuration software which means extra manpower and time. The best systems will come with this already done.
Prepared for Industry 4.0 Today, Profibus is still common in many plants, but more and more plant operators are recognising the importance of a continuous Ethernet-based bus system, such as PROFINET or EtherNet IP. The most flexible systems will support several Ethernet fieldbus technologies.
Conclusion
Existing Remote IOs are mainly characterised by their modularity, which allows the design of large central units with
Programming or Plug & Play Modular Remote IO Systems must be
Compact Remote IO Systems will not replace modular systems or isolation amplifiers in general, but they offer clear advantages for all applications within decentralised system areas to get closer
a high numbers of IO channels. In practice,
configured by software and each module
to the sensors and actuators.
Modular or compact
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Automation 35
Case Study - Filling plant for spray paint cans with ATEX Zone 1 hazardous areas The BEx-Solution Compact Remote IO System with 32 intrinsically safe channels and analogue and digital inputs and outputs was specially designed for zones 1/21. This case study looks at the installation of the system at the MOTIP DUPLI plant in Hassmersheim, Germany. MOTIP DUPLI has been a pioneer in the field of paint sprays and paint pens in the European market for more than 50 years.
Systems About the author
technology and safety, as well as plant availability and productivity.” System partner Gesellschaft für Automation und Prozesstechnik (GAPro) from Hassmersheim, a specialist in installing control systems in industrial plants, has been using a range of bus systems from different manufacturers for years. Achim Kraft, Managing Director of GAPro
Application and solution
said: “The conversion of an existing production line at MOTIP DUPLI to a new control system with Profinet as well as the
For its production plant in Hassmersheim MOTIP DUPLI uses several BEx1 Remote IO modules to evaluate digital and analogue sensors in the ATEX Zone 1 and to control solenoid valves. Communication
Remote IO System from BEx Solution went smoothly. The compact design of the BEx 1 Remote IO modules made it possible to set up the system directly at the production plant. The connecting cables to the sensors
with the PLC, which is set up outside the ATEX Zone, takes place via Profinet protocol.
could be kept very short. The isolation switching amplifiers from the previous system were no longer necessary and the
Ralf Mündörfer, Operations Manager and Authorised Representative at MOTIP
space required for the PLC also decreased as the IO level is now located directly in the Ex area in the Remote IO module.
DUPLI, said: “Our modern production facilities produce high-quality products with maximum safety and quality control.
“The installation effort was very low, as all signals from the filling plant to the
With our modern filling technology, we have already produced more than 1 billion aerosol cans at the Hassmersheim plant.
controller run via a Profinet line. Due to the modules not having to be parameterised or configured, the programming effort was
“The innovative BEx Remote IO system helps us guarantee standards in terms of
limited to the controller itself, since the BEx 1 behaves transparently in the controller periphery.”
Karl Vogel is Chief Marketing Officer at Bex-Solution and has 30 years’ experience in the field of automation inside hazardous areas. He was previously a product manager at a well-known company for products and solutions in hazardous areas. Since 2017, Karl has been responsible for marketing and sales at BEx-Solution.
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36 Event preview
ADIPEC 2019 T
he Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference (ADIPEC) is taking place on 11-14
From digital innovation and its transformative impact across the oil and gas value chain through to how the industry
November 2019 at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) in the United Arab Emirates.
attracts new millennials, implements total management solutions and creates new strategic partnerships, ADIPEC 2019
ADIPEC attracts key International and National Oil Companies and major operating
providing one of the most comprehensive conference programmes in the world.
Conferences and Oil & Gas 4.0 will provide the fundamental knowledge blocks for a new era of oil and gas.
companies, with profiles covering all areas of the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors. Over 2,200 exhibiting companies
43 National and International Oil Companies and 29 International Country Pavilions along with over 2,200 exhibitors meet across 4
from 59 countries will be showcasing the latest products, services and technologies to over 145,000 attendees from 135 countries.
days to discuss business and develop new opportunities.
Gas 4.0 programme will bring forth unprecedented dialogue, insight and thought leadership from across the industry
Learn from world class industry experts through the 160 conference sessions, industry panel sessions, ministerial sessions, and global business leader sessions. ADIPEC 2019 conferences will help set the agenda for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the oil and gas sector.
landscape.
Oil & gas 4.0
value chain, the technical sessions have been created by a committee of industry experts, resulting in 111 technical sessions, and attracting more than 10,400 delegates.
ADIPEC brings together professionals with real buying power, in 2018 $17.99 billion of business was concluded onsite at the event. With 82% of attendees being either a decision maker, purchaser or influencer, the event delivers real business opportunities. The oil and gas industry convenes at ADIPEC to not only decide the future of the industry, but also for purchasing and to meet with existing and new connections. Over 1,000 speakers from around the world will be attending and over 200 strategic and
Oil & Gas 4.0, a new agenda developed by both ADNOC and ADIPEC to navigate and embrace the opportunities enabled by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, will see itself thoroughly embedded in the conference
technical sessions will take place at ADIPEC,
programmes at ADIPEC 2019.
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Building on a content framework encompassing four pillars, the Oil &
Organised by the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the ADIPEC Technical Conference is the place to sharpen your knowledge and share best practices with your industry peers. Spanning the upstream, midstream and downstream
Registration for ADIPEC 2019 is now open: https://www.adipec.com/
Events
37
5th CCPS Global Summit on Process Safety Date: 22 – 23 October 2019
a common platform to process safety leaders and
Location: Resorts World Sentosa (RWS), Singapore
experts from industry; government & regulatory authority and academia to share advancements in the field of process safety, both through formal paper presentations and informal discussions.
Over the past several years, process safety has taken on increased importance. Today, companies both large and small in traditional process industries and in emerging areas are placing a premium on improving their process safety performance. In fact, process safety is now a board-level issue in many companies. The Global Summit on Process Safety is one of CCPS’ initiatives to transform process safety vision 2020 into result-oriented actions for achieving excellence in process safety. The Summit provides
The two day conference will involve presentations from leading companies on topics including: - A Committed Culture and Process Safety Leadership - Big Data and Data Analytics in Process Safety - Disciplined Adherence to Standards - Asset Integrity Management, Aging Facilities & Facility Siting - Intentional Competency Development
- Metrics & Process Safety Performance Improvement - Responsible Collaboration - Meticulous Verification - Vibrant Management Systems Website: http://www.aiche.org/ccps/ conferences/ccps-global-summit-onprocess-safety/2019
Hazards Australasia Date: 13 – 14 November 2019 Location: Brisbane, Australia
for the role they are undertaking. This can present a challenge in a dynamic environment, where personnel move into different roles, or pick up additional duties.
Hazards Australasia will share best practice, latest developments and lessons learned in process safety, promoting a continuous focus on improving process safety performance.
How is the risk managed while the personnel are
To manage process safety risks in our industries we need not only competent personnel but also
equally exists within our competent authorities as well. Hazards Australasia 2019 focuses on how to build competency and organisational capability in your
organisational capability. Competency is about being able to apply knowledge and skill in a consistent and sustainable manner. Capability can be defined as having the right person in the right role at the right time. This means that personnel need to be competent
building the capability to do the role? The gap between entering a role and demonstrating capability in it presents a real risk to the organisation. This risk
organisation. This ranges from having competency management systems, to reviewing and managing organisation change. Knowledge and competency, while part of ISC framework, also covers all aspects
of the framework, including engineering and design, systems and procedures, culture, human factors and assurance. Hear how different organisations from around the world are tackling this risk and learn from their experiences. Hazards Australasia 2019 takes place on 13-14 November 2019 at Hilton Brisbane, and will bring together process safety practitioners from Australia, New Zealand and beyond. Website: https://www.icheme.org/career/ events/hazards-australasia/
REMBE Explosion Safety Days Date: 19 – 20 November 2019 Location: Brilon, Germany Every year REMBE organises a two-day networking event which focuses on a special topic, live explosion demonstration and evening events. This year´s REMBE Safety Days will focus on fire and explosion safety in the food and beverage industries. Due to some devastating recent events, increased awareness in explosion and fire safety amongst operators as well as manufacturers in the food and beverage industries has gained importance for both, new and existing plants.
REMBE GmbH Safety + Control is one of the leading global suppliers for safety solutions and understood the wish of operators and OEMs for a neutral event to exchange experiences and protection approaches. This year’s REMBE Explosion Safety Days focuses specifically on the daily challenges in food-, sweets-, grain- and convenience product plants as well as soft drink factories and breweries.
compliance in his daily business. Together with his team, he has put together a comprehensive program with top rank speakers and experts from all relevant disciplines involved in explosion and fire protection. Among the highlights of the event will be a live explosion demonstration on a typical plant set-up at the REMBE Research + Technology Centre.
Dr.-Ing. Johannes Lottermann, Director Explosion Safety at REMBE, is personally involved in upgrading plants towards ATEX and NFPA
Website: http://www.rembe.com/newsevents/explosion-safety-days-2019/
www.hazardexonthenet.net
38 Data Files Asecos Q range – proven fire resistance of 90 minutes
ATEX Certified Humidity/Moisture and Temperature Sensors
Labtex’s Asecos Type 90 storage cabinets provide extremely safe, regulation-compliant storage of hazardous materials in laboratories and other work spaces. Each cabinet variant is furnace tested in accordance with EN 14470-1 and proven to give fire resistance of 90 minutes. Extremely robust in construction for maximum torsional rigidity and with tamper proof lock and indicators built in, every ASECOS cabinet has GS approval and CE conformity. In addition the Q range is offered in range of scratch-resistant paint colours and with extensive interior equipment options Warranty cover is available up to 10 years.
ROTRONIC Intrinsically Safe sensors and measurement transmitters with analogue outputs are suitable for use wherever there is a risk of explosion due to dust or gas in the environment. HygroFlex5-EX transmitters and probes from ROTRONIC conform to the latest international ATEX standards. The transmitter is Intrinsically Safe (secondary side) , there are two channel outputs, the housing is heavy duty. Interchangeable probes are available for all applications, including those at pressure and low dew point.
Tel:+44 (0)1484 600200 Please contact Greg Smith at greg@labtex.co.uk
Technical datasheet available Tel: 01293 571000 Email: instruments@rotronic.co.uk Web: www.rotronic.co.uk
Goennheimer Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure Ex p
P&F ecom introduces new product division: Digital Products and Services
The smart solution to integrate standard hardware in hazardous areas. Since more than 35 years, Gönnheimer offers marketleading-technology in pressurized enclosure solutions. The product range covers controllers and systems for ATEX and IECEx Zone 1/21 and 2/22, as well as Div.1/2 areas. The intelligent controllers offer PID-regulated pressure and flow, integrating purging and various pressure- and flowrate-ranges. They allow smart purge solutions of standard cabinet applications and also special-purposes like analyzers, sensors, robot-systems, printers, etc. Comprehensive Gönnheimer purge solutions also contain OEM cabinets for qualified Ex-p applications.
Digital Products and Services, a new division of Pepperl+Fuchs brand ecom, offers a seamless service to project and IT managers as well as users of enterprise mobility solutions. The new division can deliver tablets or smartphones such as the Tab-Ex 02 or the Smart-Ex 02 directly with the customer-specific configuration secured in a container (no back channel) – on request, worldwide to various locations and end users for immediate use. It can pre-install all security and Wi-Fi settings as well as pre-defined applications for use in industrial plants and hazardous areas. This means global rollouts can be faster and more cost-effective.
T: 0049 6321 49919 14 E: info@goennheimer.de W: www.goennheimer.de
For more information, visit www.ecom-ex.com and www.pepperl-fuchs.com
Schmersal produces AZM300 solenoid lock with innovative Plasma-SealTight technology A new, innovative process to manufacture plastic-metal bonds is currently being tested in an industrial application. Plasmatreat GmbH has developed a process for hybrid injection-moulded parts in cooperation with the plastic compound manufacturer, AKRO-PLASTIC GmbH. This new process provides a significant improvement to bonding in hybrid plastic-metal components and can be integrated into series production lines. The Schmersal Group is now using this innovative Plasma-SealTight technology process for the first time in a pilot project to produce its AZM300 solenoid lock. Used on safety doors, this interlock features a metal bracket integrated into a plastic actuator. The bracket engages with an interlock cross-head to ensure that safety doors are securely closed. The advantage of the new process is that it not only achieves better product quality, but also a reliable, reproducible, cost-efficient production process with
the added bonus of respecting the environment. Thanks to the PlasmaSealTight technology, there is no need to apply cost-intensive, environmentally harmful chemicals to metal surfaces. Such chemicals are often used to create a firm bond with the help of solvent-based adhesion promoters. AZM 300’s outstanding features include an RFID sensor which is used to identify the actuator reliably, thus providing three different code levels and, consequently, protection against manipulation. T: 01684 571980 E: uksupport@schmersal.co.uk W: www.schmersal.co.uk
New partnership in waste pile management solutions Ashtead Technology has been appointed as the exclusive distributor in the UK and Ireland for two innovative products that help waste managers improve composting efficiency; prevent waste fires; avoid odour complaints; protect the environment, and comply with the latest regulations. Developed by Freeland Scientific, ‘CompostManager’ is a complete system for managing the composting process, and ‘smarTprobe’ is a temperature monitoring system for compost and other wastes where overheating and fire represent a potential hazard. Both systems employ the Best Available Techniques (BAT) required by the Environment Agency. CompostManager consists of a portable probe and measurement system that records the key factors affecting composting efficiency: temperature, moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Collected data is uploaded to a website which provides suggested management instructions such as ‘Turn’, ‘Irrigate’ and ‘Leave Alone.’
www.hazardexonthenet.net
The smarTprobe system consists of robust temperature probes that are inserted into piles of bulk materials that have the potential to catch fire. A colour-coded display enables users to check the temperature profiles of their waste piles, and the system automatically issues warnings before dangerous conditions arise. With around 300 significant fires at waste sites every year, the potential for the smarTprobe system is enormous if these fires are to be prevented. T: 0845 270 2707 E: London@ashtead-technology.com W: www.ashtead-technology.com
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Buyers Guide
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