Case number 1 History : -Owner complain (chicken or turkey with Orange or bloody diarrhea)
-Age: common at ages more than 2 weeks. -Housing: bad litter (high moisture – wetted litter) 1
Liver is normal
Intestinal wall shows Red and white spots
2
Normal liver
Blood inside cecum
3
Report includes : •External examination : …………. •PM examination : …………….. •Intestinal smear : ………….. •Diagnosis: ………………. •Treatment: …………………… 4
External examination: •Ruffled feather •Pale comb and wattle •Bloody diarrhea soiling vent feather PM examination: •Presence of red and white spots appear from serosa and mucosa of the intestine, Blood inside small intestine (E. necatrix ). •Bloody caecal content (E. tenella) •Only affect intestine not affect liver. Direct intestinal smear:
Presence of schizont and oocyst. 5
Diagnosis 1-Intestinal coccidiosis : (blood inside intestine) 2 – Caecal coccidosis : ( blood inside caecum)
6
Treatment: •Correct bad management (change wetted litter) and replace with dry litter. • Administration of anticoccidial on drinking water: a-Amprolium 1gm / liter 3-5 days or b-Toltrazuril 1ml / liter for 1-2 days or c- Mixture of sulphonamide and amprolium :
Amprolium Sulphaquinoxaline Sulphadimidine Vit K
2 volume 1 volume 1 volume 1 volume
•Put 2 gm from the mixture / 1liter of water for 3 days …… 2 days of rest then another 2 days of treatment. (To avoid kidney nephrosis)
•Contraindicated to use sulphonamides in birds under one month of age ….. (to avoid kidney nephrosis) also contraindicated to use sulphonamides in layer and breeder chickens …… (to avoid inactive ovary).
7
Case number 2 History : -Owner complain (chicken, turkey or duck with yellow brown diarrhea)
-Age: common at all ages. -Housing: bad litter (high moisture – wetted litter) 8
Sloughing of intestinal mucosa
Intestine is velvet like in appearance
9
-Ballooning of intestine - congested Blood vs
Congested liver
10
External examination: •Ruffled feather •Yellowish brown diarrhea •Congested comb and wattle. PM examination: •Thickening and fissuring of intestinal wall •ballooning of intestine •sloughing of intestinal mucosa •congested muscles, liver, kidney
11
Diagnosis Necrotic enteritis (clostridium perfringens)
12
Treatment: •Correct bad management, replace wet litter with dry litter. •Thirsting of birds ( 4 hours in winter and 2 hours in summer ) •Give amoxicillin or ampicillin or Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) in drinking water. •Use anti-clostridial on ration.
•Control of coccidiosis (predisposing factor for clostridial infection)
13
Case number 3 History : -Owner complain (chicken, turkey with respiratory signs; coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge)
-Age: common at 2 weeks or more. -
Housing: bad ventilation (high ammonia) 14
Fibrinous perihepatitis
15
Fibrinous perihepatitis Fibrinous pericarditis
16
External examination: •Ruffled feather •Nasal discharge •conjunctivitis PM examination: •Presence of fibrinous membrane on liver, heart, airsacs : Fibrinous pericarditis Fbrinous perihepatitis Fibrinous airsaculitis •Congested lung. •Congested liver 17
Diagnosis (CCRD) chronic complicated respiratory disease : E.coli and mycoplasma + bad managment
18
Treatment:
1. Correct bad management ( improve ventilation ) 2. Antibiotic sensitivity to know the most sensitive antibiotic. 3. Common antibiotics A- Streptomycin and gentamicin injection - Or Lincomycin and spectinomycin injection
B- Doxycycline or tylosin on drinking water
19
Case number 4 History : -Owner complain: Chicks huddle together, high mortality.
-Age: common at 1st week of age. -
Housing: low temperature.
20
Moist inflamed navel
21
Congested yolk sac
22
External examination: 1. Ruffled feather, huddle together. 2. Nasal discharge 3. conjunctivitis PM examination:
1. Persistent yolk sac more than 72 hours (not absorbed) 2. Yolk sac distended, congested, abnormal color and smell. 3. Congested muscles, liver, kidney. 23
Diagnosis Yolk sac infection: Caused by (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, staph, strept, clostridium )
24
Treatment:
•Correct bad management ( low temperature, contaminated hatchery, dirty eggs). •Injection of antibiotic : 1. Streptomycin 100mg / kg live body weight 2. Gentamycin 5mg / kg l b wt 3. Enrofluxacin 10 mg / kg l b wt 25
Case number 5 History : -Owner complain: chicken with profuse yellow white watery
diarrhea) high morbidity up to 100% – Mortality highest at 3rd by the ninth day no mortality. -Age: common at 4- 8 weeks of age. -
Housing: sharp drop in temperature inside the house. 26
Enlarged bursa of fabricus
Kidney nephrosis 27
Echymotic and Peticheal hemorrhage in thigh muscles
28
Peripheral area of infarction
29
Hemorrhage and Enlargement of bursa of fabrics
Hemorrhage between proventriculus and gizzard
30
External examination: •Ruffled feather •Profuse Yellowish white watery diarrhea •Congested comb and wattle. PM examination: • Hemorrhage in muscles, S/C • Hemorrhage and enlargement in bursa of fabricious. • Swollen kidney with urate deposition in ureters (kidney nephrosis) • Hemorrhage in proventriculus • Hemorrhage between proventriculus and gizzard. • Liver shows peripheral area of infarction 31
Diagnosis Infectious Bursal Disease ( Gumbro disease )
32
Treatment: 1. Correct
bad
management
(sharp
drop
in
temperature) ‌.. rise temperature inside house. 2. Renal wash ( potassium citrate gm / liter) 3. Immune stimulant (vit E. + Selenium
1ml / 2
liter )
4. Local acting antibiotic ( neomycin 1 gm / liter) to avoid any side effect to liver or kidney. 5. Vit k (1gm / liter ) to help stop bleeding.
33
Case number 6 History : -Owner
complain:
affect
(all
species)
birds
suffer
emaciation, ruffled feather & weakness.
-Age: common at age more than 2 months of age. -
Ration : contaminated green food 34
Round worm ex ascaris
35
Segmented worms = cestodes
36
External examination: •Ruffled feather •Emaciated pectoral muscles on palpation
PM examination: PM : 1. In case of cestodes (segmented worm inside intestine) 2. In case of nematodes (round worms) 3. Emaciated carcass
37
Diagnosis 1. Nemtode infestation ( round worm inside intestine) 2. Cestode infestation (segmented worm inside intestine)
38
Treatment:
1. Thirsting of birds ( 4 hours in winter and 2 hours in summer ) 2. Piperazine citrate for treatment of nematodes 3. Yomesan for treatment of cestodes 4. Repeat the dose again after 1 month. 39
Case number 7
History :
-Owner complain: chickens + decrease in egg production -Age: common in grower and mature chickens
40
Congested
41
External examination: • Anorexia • Ruffled feather • Whitish diarrhea • Decrease in egg production • Pale and shrunken comb.
PM examination: Ovary (Congested, Flaccid, pedunculated, ruptured ova) 42
Diagnosis Fowl typhoid (salmonella gallinarum)
43
Treatment:
1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days.
2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter for 3-5 days.
44
Case number 8 History : -Owner complain: (young chicks 1-2 weeks ) huddle together.
Whitish pasty diarrhea on vent area. -Age: common at first week of age 45
Nodules in lung tissue
46
Nodules in heart
47
Inflamed swollen joint
48
External examination: • Chicks huddle together . • Whitish diarrhea PM examination:
1. Nodules and Congestion in lung 2. Nodules and Congestion in heart 3. Congested visceral organs (septicemia) 49
Diagnosis Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum)
50
Treatment: 1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days. 2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter
for 3-5 days. 51
Case number 9 History :
-Owner complain: (young duckling 1- 3 weeks ) huddle together. Lay on back and paddling with their legs(keel disease) .
-Age: common at first week of age 52
Bronzy liver
53
External examination: • Duckling huddle together . • Whitish diarrhea PM examination:
1. Bronzy liver 2. Cheesy cecal cores 3. Congested visceral organs (septicemia) 54
Diagnosis Paratyphoid disease : caused by
(Salmonella typhimurium & S. enteritidis )
55
Treatment: 1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days. 2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter
for 3-5 days. 56
Case number 10
History : -Owner complain: (chicken or duck with whitish diarrhea) + anorexia, inactive. -Age: common all ages
57
Congested and Friable liver
58
External examination: • Whitich diarrhea
PM examination: 1. Friable liver 2. Subcapsular hg in liver 3. Swollen kidney with urate deposition ( kidney nephrosis) 4. Enteritis 5. Congested visceral organs 59
Diagnosis Mycotoxicosis
60
Treatment: 1.Replace ration with new one. 2.Administration of antimycotoxin on drinking water ex Cynertox 1ml / liter. 3.Administration of antimycotoxin on ration Ex toxynil dry .5 – 1 kg / ton of ration. 1. potassium citrate (Diuretic) gm/ liter
2.Heparenol (hepatic tonic and diuretic ) 1ml / liter . 61
Case number 11
History : -Owner complain ( distended crop ) crop impaction Ration : bad ration ( moldy ration )
62
1- Thickening of crop mucosa. 2- pseudo membrane formation 3 – whitish circular formations 4 – corrugation of crop mucosa
63
1- Thickening of crop mucosa. 2- pseudo membrane formation 3 – whitish circular formations 4 – corrugation of crop mucosa
64
External examination: • Bad smell and distended crop. PM examination: 1.
Thickening of crop mucosa.
2.
White raised circular formations.
3.
Curdy pseudomembranone easily detached.
4.
Crop mucosa shows severe corrugations to mild whitish streaks. 65
Diagnosis Candidiasis ( sour crop ) = thrush
66
Treatment: 1. Remove moldy ration. 2. Add cupper sulphate 1gm / 2 liter of water / 5-7 days. 67
Case number 12 History : -Owner complain (at young ages respiratory signs (snuffles)– or adult female rabbit (doe) suffer abortion. (nervous signs incase of otitis media ) -Age: common at ages more than 2 months. -Housing: bad ventilation, seasonal changes (in March, September).
68
Rabbit lung shows abscess formation
69
Torticollis due to otitis media
70
- Complete the report : •External examination : …………. •PM examination : …………….. •Intestinal smear : ………….. •Diagnosis: ………………. •Treatment: …………………… 71
External examination: •Respiratory signs in young •Purulent Vaginal discharge and abortion in adult. •Torticollis (in case of otitis media) PM examination: •Abscess formation in lung •Purulent discharge inside uterus •Congested liver
•Abscess formation in S/C tissue. 72
Diagnosis Pasteurellosis in rabbit (Pasteurella multocida.)
73
Treatment: •Correct bad management (improve ventilation). •Antibiotic injection : -Streptomycin 100mg / kg live b wt -Enrofluxacin 10 mg / kg live b wt -Vaccination : Use formalized vaccine 0.5 ml / kg l b wt repeat every three months, route S/C.
74
Case number 13 History : -Owner complain (sudden high mortality in ages more than 2 months ) -Age: common at ages more than 2 months. -Housing: bad ventilation, seasonal changes (in March, September). 75
Rabbit suffers epistaxis
76
Haemorrhagic pneumonia
77
- Complete the report : •External examination : …………. •PM examination : …………….. •Intestinal smear : ………….. •Diagnosis: ………………. •Treatment: …………………… 78
External examination: •Epistaxis PM examination: •Free blood inside the trachea. •Free blood inside thorax = hemothorax •Haemorrhagic pneomonia
79
Diagnosis Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD)
80
Treatment: •Only supportive treatment :
•Immune stimulant : ex Vit E + Selenium 1ml / 2 liter •Vit K 1gm / liter -Prevention : Vaccination using oil adjuvant vaccine 0.5 ml / rabbit repeat every 6 months, route S/C.
81