Mohawk Valley Living #127 June 2024

BOB DYLAN REMASTERED: Drawings from the Road

May 25 – September 15

An exhibition celebrating yet another aspect of Bob Dylan’s creativity: his talents in visual art. Dylan started what is known as his “Never Ending Tour” in 1988. As he traveled through North America, Europe, and Asia, he sketched glimpses of his life on the road. Dylan made three different collections of his drawings by “remastering” these works, adding vivid watercolor and gouache to digital enlargements of the drawings to create a new, special edition set entitled “The Drawn Blank Series.”

Sponsored in part by The Clark Foundation and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas O. Putnam.

This exhibition was provided by Pan Art Connections. Image created by Taina Väisänen/TAKT Oy & Janne Alhonpää/Ensemble Oy

May 18 – September 8

Above: Miley Cyrus, singer-songwriter, New York City, USA, 2003

Right: Haight Street Rat, 2010, Banksy. Aerosol - stencil on redwood siding

Sponsored in part by Mr. and Mrs. Thomas O. Putnam, and Nellie and Robert Gipson.

Sponsored in part by The Clark Foundation and Nellie and Robert Gipson.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPES

June

Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), Autumn Woods, Oneida County, State of New York (detail), ca. 1886. Oil on linen. New-York

Next Issue: July 1st

Supporting a Vision

by Sharry L. Whitney

In the May issue, I wrote about how Lance and I have been brainstorming ideas for the future of MV Living. We have learned so much about our region traveling around over the last 20 years. And there are so many new and historic things yet to be discovered! It is exciting, and it is our pleasure. Local businesses who share and support our vision have granted us this privilege. This remarkable group of sponsors, some of whom have been with us for over a decade, allows us to continue exploring and sharing the wonders of the Mohawk Valley.

When looking forward, it is natural to look back. When we do, we see familiar names of those that’ve been with us from the start, like Caruso’s Pastry Shop, Clinton Tractor, Deansboro Superette, Lincoln Davies, Little Falls Antique Center, North Star Orchards, Paca Gardens, Turnbull Insurance, Yanuk Excavating, and of course, the Steet-Ponte Auto Group! Many of these businesses boast a rich history (Turnbull Insurance is over 155 years old!) and they all share a deep appreciation for, and contribute to, our region’s unique character. They support Mohawk Valley Living because they want it to exist. Of course, they also hope our readers will keep them in mind when they shop.

Thank you to all of you who support those who support Mohawk Valley Living! •

Riggie is roaming around and hiding in the advertising areas of the magazine. Next to him you’ll find a letter. Find all the Riggies and rearrange the letters to answer this riddle. Submit your answer by the 15th of the month to be entered in drawing for a $100 shopping spree at the advertiser of your choice! (Excluding media and banks) One entry per household per

Mail to: Riggie’s Riddle, 30 Kellogg St., Clinton, NY, 13323 or email: mohawkvalleyliving@hotmail.com

NOTE: Please enter Riggie’s Riddle and crossword puzzle in separate emails.

The answer to last month’s puzzle about the birth flower of May and the Mohawk Valley: Lily of the Valley. Our winner is Evelyn Schiavetta of New Hartford

The answer to last month’s riddle about a celebration on June 9th is JEWTICA The winner is Mary Belden of New Hartford

To all of us – humans and animals, the world is a collage of light and shadow, colors and shapes imposed on the canvas of our perception. Our eyes collect information, and our brains interpret it – and that’s what allows us to interact with our environment. When we see animals, and they look back at us, the inclination is for us to assume they perceive the world as we do; that their visual experience is in some way comparable to ours. Although we all have eyes, we all see the world quite differently. Indeed, each species is endowed with unique visual capabilities finely tuned to enable them to interact in their ecological niche. From the soaring eagle to the scurrying mouse, animals possess a rich diversity of visual adaptations that allow them to navigate their environments, locate prey, forage for food, and communicate with one another. These adaptations are honed by millions of years of evolution, sculpted by the forces of natural selection.

One of the most striking differences between human vision and that of many other animals lies in the range of colors they perceive. While humans are trichromatic, possessing three types of color receptors (cones) sensitive to red, green, and blue wavelengths of light, many other animals perceive a wider spectrum of color. For ex-

ample, most birds are believed to have tetrachromatic vision, with four types of cones allowing them to perceive ultraviolet light, expanding their palette beyond the visible spectrum accessible to humans. Predators and prey alike often possess adaptations for heightened visual acuity, enabling them to detect movement and detail with astonishing precision. Birds of prey, such as falcons and eagles, possess eyes with densely packed photoreceptors and specialized foveae, regions of the retina with heightened sensitivity, affording them unparalleled visual clarity and the ability to spot prey from great distances. In contrast, nocturnal creatures, like owls and certain species of bats, have evolved specialized adaptations for seeing in low-light conditions. Their eyes are equipped with a high density of rod cells, which are more sensitive to dim light than cones, allowing them to navigate the darkness with ease. Some nocturnal animals also possess a reflective layer behind the retina that enhances light sensitivity by reflecting incoming light back through the photoreceptor cells, amplifying their ability to see in the dark. This reflects light and is responsible for an animal’s eyeshine—most often noticed when we see an animal’s glowing eyes in our headlights. Communication is another vital aspect

of wildlife vision, with many species employing intricate visual signals to convey information. From the flamboyant displays of peacocks to the subtle color changes of chameleons, these visual cues play a crucial role in courtship, territorial defense, and social hierarchy.

The White-tailed Deer possesses a suite of visual adaptations finely attuned to its life in the wild. With their large, soulful eyes and keen senses, Deer navigate their environment with great acuity, utilizing their vision as a vital tool for survival. Like many herbivores, Deer have eyes positioned on the sides of their head, providing them with a wide field of view that aids in detecting potential threats from all directions. This

panoramic vision allows them to remain vigilant against predators lurking in the shadows or to see and heed warning signals from allies in a distant field or woods. While their field of view is expansive, their binocular vision—the ability to perceive depth and distance—is somewhat limited compared to predators like Wolves or Humans. However, this doesn’t hinder their ability to judge distance accurately, especially in the context of their natural habitat where precise depth perception may be less critical than detecting motion or discerning shapes amidst foliage. The Deer’s eyes are particularly adept at detecting movement, a crucial skill for evading predators and avoiding danger. Their eyes are also well-adapted to adjust quickly to changes in lighting conditions. Despite their impressive visual adaptations, White-tailed Deer are not immune to the dazzle of artificial light. Their eyes lack the reflective layer described earlier. As a result, bright headlights or artificial sources of light can cause temporary blindness, leaving them vulnerable to collisions with vehicles on roads.

In the realm of avian predators, few creatures match the prowess and precision of the Peregrine Falcon. At the heart of the Peregrine Falcon’s visual prowess lies its remarkable acuity and depth perception.

Equipped with eyes proportionally larger than those of humans relative to its body size, the Peregrine possesses eyesight that rivals the sharpest of the raptors. Its eyes are finely attuned to detect the slightest movement from great distances, an essential skill for a bird that relies on high-speed aerial pursuits to capture prey.

One of the most remarkable features of the Peregrine Falcon’s vision is its binocular field of view. Positioned forward-facing on the front of its head, the Falcon’s eyes provide overlapping fields of vision that allow for stereoscopic vision—an ability to perceive depth and distance accurately. This binocular vision is crucial for pinpointing prey during high-speed dives, enabling the Peregrine to judge distances with astonishing precision as it hurtles toward its target at speeds exceeding 200 miles per hour. Furthermore, the Peregrine Falcon’s eyes are adapted to perceive a broader spectrum of light than humans. While humans can perceive wavelengths ranging from approximately 400 to 700 nanometers (the visible spectrum), Peregrines, like many birds, can see into the ultraviolet range. This expanded visual spectrum allows them to detect subtle variations in plumage patterns and identify prey more effectively, giving them a distinct advantage in the hunt.

Although not renowned for their eyesight like birds of prey or mammalian predators, Beavers possess visual capabilities suited to their primarily crepuscular and nocturnal habits. Their eyes are positioned high on their heads, providing a wide field of view that encompasses their surroundings, both above and below the water’s surface. This panoramic vision aids in detecting approaching predators, such as Wolves, Cougars, or Human hunters, as well as potential rivals encroaching on their territory.

While their eyesight may not rival that of diurnal animals, Beavers compensate with other senses, particularly their acute sense of smell and hearing, which they rely on extensively for communication and detection of threats. However, their vision still plays a crucial role in their daily activities, especial-

The warbler’s sharp vision allows them to be aerial acrobats

ly when foraging for food, seeking out building materials, or assessing the safety of their surroundings. Underwater, Beavers demonstrate remarkable visual adaptations that allow them to navigate and forage with ease. Their eyes are equipped with a transparent membrane, called a nictitating membrane, which protects their eyes while swimming and diving. This membrane acts as a built-in pair of goggles, allowing Beavers to see clearly underwater while protecting their eyes from debris and potential damage.

Beavers also have specialized adaptations for seeing underwater, including a second eyelid which functions as a clear shield to protect their eyes from water pressure and maintain visibility in murky conditions. Their eyes contain a higher concentration of rod cells than cone cells, enhancing their sensitivity to low light and allowing them to see in dimly lit aquatic environments. Despite these adaptations, Beavers are not immune to the challenges of their aquatic habitat. Murky water and limited visibility can make it difficult for them to spot predators or navigate obstacles, particularly during the dark of night. However, their keen sense of touch, aided by sensitive facial whiskers called vibrissae, helps them navigate through murky waters and locate food sources with precision.

A butterfly has compound eyes, a marvel of evolutionary engineering. Unlike the single-lens eyes of vertebrates, compound eyes are composed of thousands of tiny units called ommatidia, each containing a lens, photoreceptor cells, and support cells. This mosaic of individual visual units grants butterflies a panoramic field of view, allowing them to perceive their surroundings in all directions simultaneously.

The compound eyes of butterflies are finely tuned to detect movement, a vital skill for creatures that flit and flutter through the air with grace and agility. Their eyes contain a high concentration of motion-sensitive photoreceptors, enabling them to track the rapid movements of potential mates, rivals, or predators with outstanding precision. Butterflies are also adept at discerning patterns and colors. Their compound eyes are sensitive to a broad spectrum of wavelengths, allowing them to perceive colors beyond the

Gray Squirrels use keen eyesight to navigate forests, spot predators, and locate hidden food

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range of human vision, including ultraviolet light. This expanded visual spectrum enables butterflies to detect subtle variations in flower markings, navigate intricate landscapes, and communicate through visual signals invisible to human eyes.

One of the most striking features of a Gray Squirrel’s visual anatomy is its large, forward-facing eyes. Positioned on the front of its head, these eyes provide the squirrel with binocular vision, enabling it to perceive depth and distance accurately. This depth perception is crucial for navigating the complex three-dimensional environment of tree branches and assessing the distance between leaps with pinpoint precision. The Gray Squirrel’s eyes are also adept at detecting movement—a vital skill for a creature constantly on the lookout for potential threats or feeding opportunities. With a high concentration of motion-sensitive cells in their retinas, Squirrels can swiftly detect the subtlest rustle of leaves or the sudden dash of a predator, allowing them to react with lightning speed to potential dangers. Despite their impressive visual acuity, Gray Squirrels also rely on other senses, particularly their acute sense of smell and hearing, to navigate their world. Their whiskers, or vibrissae, are highly sensitive to vibrations and air currents, providing additional information about their surroundings and helping them detect potential predators or locate hidden food sources.

Sharing the uppermost tree branches with the squirrels is a set of even more daring acrobats. Characterized by their colorful and richly patterned plumage, the chickadee-sized warblers show an unparalleled mastery of their arboreal habitat – their finely honed skills owed largely to their keen eyesight. The warbler’s eyesight is a vital tool for foraging, navigation,

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and communication in the dense foliage of their woodland homes. Despite their diminutive size, warblers possess eyes proportionally large relative to their bodies, granting them an impressive field of view that encompasses their surroundings in all directions. Warblers are highly visual birds, adept at detecting movement amidst the trembling leaves and flecked sunlight of their forest habitats. Their eyes contain a high density of motion-sensitive cells, allowing them to track the rapid movements of insects— their primary prey—with precision. In addition to their sensitivity to motion, warblers possess excellent color vision, allowing them to discern the subtle hues of their surroundings with astonishing clarity.

With eyes positioned on the sides of their heads, Crows possess a wide field of view that allows them to scan their surroundings for potential threats or meal opportunities from multiple angles simultaneously. Crows are highly visual creatures, adept at detecting movement and discerning fine details amidst the natural habitat or the urban sprawl. Their eyes contain a high concentration of motion-sensitive cells, enabling them to track the subtlest movements of prey or potential predators with impressive accuracy. This acute sensitivity to motion helps crows identify sources of food, assess the intentions of other animals, and remain vigilant against potential dangers. The Crows’ nearly unparalleled intelligence in the realm of birdkind enables them to process what they are seeing to make complex and informed decisions. In addition to their sensitivity to motion, crows possess excellent color vision, allowing them to discern subtle variations in their environment with astonishing clarity. Their eyes contain specialized cone cells that enable them to perceive a broad spectrum of colors, from the muted tones of concrete and asphalt to the vibrant hues of foliage and flowers. This keen color vision aids crows in locating food sources, identifying prospective threats, and navigating complex landscapes. Crows are also skilled at discerning patterns and shapes amidst the cacophony of human structures and activities. Their eyes are adapted to detect subtle variations in texture and form, helping them locate suitable nesting sites, identify objects of interest, and recognize individuals within their social group.

In the natural world, visual perception serves as a cornerstone for survival, driving forward the lives of creatures great and small. From the soaring raptors to the elusive denizens of forest floors, each species’ visual adaptations are finely tuned to their ecological roles. Whether it’s the panoramic vision of a White-tailed Deer scanning the forest depths, the high-definition gaze of a Peregrine Falcon pinpointing prey from great heights, or the amazing compound eyes of a butterfly, the diversity of visual capabilities across the animal kingdom is awe-inspiring. These adaptations, honed by evolution, underscore the intricate relationship between form and function, allowing every creature to navigate its world with precision. As we marvel at the visual wonders that surround us, let us also recognize the profound complexity inherent in every creature’s perspective, each a unique lens through which to view the world.

Matt Perry is Conservation Director and Resident Naturalist at Spring Farm CARES in Clinton. He manages a 260 acre nature preserve which is open for tours by appointment. His nature videos and photos can be found on the Spring Farm CARES’ Nature Sanctuary Facebook page.

the mvL restaurant guide

MAY 31–JUNE 2, 2024

Bear Path Antiques

story and photos by Matt Perry

In June, the chorus of bird songs assures us that nesting season is in full swing. By this time, the majority of birds have completed their migration and have settled into their traditional breeding territories; all are now focused on the task of raising their young. The finely crafted nests, intentionally concealed by foliage or nestled within tree hollows, are challenging to spot. Perched high in the tree canopy or expertly disguised amidst the bark, these nests are strategically positioned to evade detection. If by chance we happen upon a nest conspicuously placed, that’s an indication its camouflage has been compromised, it is susceptible to predators, and its chances of success are significantly diminished.

While traversing the forest in June, my eye is constantly scanning for the elusive nest of the Wood Thrush. These nests are masterpieces of concealment, carefully tucked away in the cradle of a tree fork, amidst the dense understory foliage, or perched securely on a sturdy lateral branch. Typically ensconced well beneath the forest’s canopy, merely 5 to 15 feet above the forest floor. The construction of these nests is a testament to avian craftsmanship, intricately woven from twigs, grasses, and mud.

The Wood Thrush nest is a bowl-shaped structure; mud and woven fine materials are used to create a sturdy foundation. The outer layer consists of coarse twigs and dried leaves, camouflaging the nest and blending seamlessly into the surrounding environment. This outer layer serves as a protective barrier against some predators and inclement weather. Internally, the nest is lined with softer materials such as grasses,

feathers, and moss, providing a cozy and insulated environment for incubating eggs and raising young chicks. The female Wood Thrush lays a clutch of eggs, typically numbering four, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until hatching.

Both parents share the responsibilities of incubating the eggs and feeding the chicks once they hatch. The Wood Thrush diet primarily consists of insects and other arthropods gathered from the forest floor – although some might be snatched in mid-flight. The parents diligently attend to the needs of their offspring, ensuring their growth and survival within the confines of the nest. As the chicks mature, they fledge the nest approximately two weeks after hatching, though they may remain in the vicinity under the care of their parents for several more weeks. Once fledged, adolescent Wood Thrushes embark on their own journey, exploring the forest and honing their survival skills.

materials from the forest understory, we are afforded an opportunity to track her as she takes a surreptitious route to the construction site. However, despite my efforts, I’ve rarely succeeded in following one to the nest. More often, when I’ve glimpsed tanagers transporting nest materials, they vanish into the canopy before I can discover their destination. Most of my encounters with tanager nests have only occurred by happenstance, long after they’ve been used and abandoned.

While locating a Wood Thrush nest can be challenging, finding a Scarlet Tanager’s nest takes the difficulty to another level entirely. Tanager nests, situated in similar mixed deciduous forest habitats as the Wood Thrush’s nest, are elevated high within the tree canopy, shrouded by a thick veil of foliage that hinders the gaze of even the most persistent naturalist. The slim chance of discovery often hinges on spotting a female tanager during the construction phase as she shuttles materials to and fro. Since she sometimes gathers

The Scarlet Tanager nest exhibits a cupshaped design, with a shallow depression at its center to cradle the eggs and provide stability. When compared to the Wood Thrush’s nest, it is a relatively flimsy structure. The nest’s outer layer consists of coarse twigs, rootlets, grass, and bark strips. Internally, the nest is lined with finer grasses, rootlets, and other soft plant fibers. The female forms the inner contours of the nest by pressing her body into the sides. When the nest is completed, she lays a clutch of eggs, typically numbering three to five, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until hatching.

Both parents share the responsibilities of in-

The male Scarlet Tanager

cubating the eggs and feeding the chicks once they hatch. The Scarlet Tanager’s diet primarily consists of insects – mostly moth caterpillars gleaned from the surrounding foliage. The parents conscientiously cater to their offspring’s needs, guaranteeing their development and survival within the safety of the nest. As the chicks mature, they fledge from the nest approximately nine to twelve days after hatching, though they may remain in the vicinity under the care of their parents for several more weeks. Once fledged, the young Scarlet Tanagers gradually develop their flying skills and foraging abilities, eventually becoming inde pendent members of the forest community. Parent tanagers are vigorous defenders of their offspring, often descending to the forest understory to scold and attempt to drive off predators and curious people who get too close to their young.

As we immerse ourselves in the forest in June, the sym phony of bird calls signals the bustling activity of the nesting season. Amidst the complex matrix of bark and foliage, the nests of Wood Thrushes, Scarlet Tanagers, and so many other species are hidden treasures, embodying the fine artistry of avian architecture. Crafted with care and precision, these nests provide cradles for new life to flourish, sheltered from the elements and hidden from prying eyes. As we marvel at the dedication of these feathered parents and the resilience of their offspring, we are reminded of the profound challenges all wildlife must face even in the best and most protected habitats. Certainly, the sheer diversity of species we encounter should prompt us to be better stewards of the natural world – to be persistent advocates of habitat preservation wherever it exists, and to be consistent allies to the birds and all other wildlife. Only in that way can we ensure that the precious wonders that dwell in our wild spaces will endure to be appreciated by future generations. •

STAR NURSERIES

by carol higgins

The official start of summer is June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere. On that day, we’ll have 15 hours and 22 minutes of sunlight, the longest day of the year. It is easy to take the Sun for granted because we enjoy its light and heat every day, but did you ever wonder how stars are born and evolve? This month, we take a look at a few of the regions in space where conditions are right for star formation, commonly known as star nurseries.

Starting in our little corner of the Milky Way galaxy, we have a yellow dwarf star at the center of our solar system. A hot and glowing ball of gas comprised mainly of hydrogen and helium, the Sun is 865,000 miles in diameter. If it was a hollow ball, over 1.3 million Earths could fit inside! The Sun’s strong gravitational pull keeps all of the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other bodies in orbit around it. Those properties – gravity and motion – are at the heart of the star creation process.

About 4.5 billion years ago, our star began to form in a dense and swirling cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. Over time, gravity drew bunches of gas and dust together until the huge nebula collapsed. The material continued to spin faster and faster and flatten out, creating a disc similar to the shape of a music CD. Gravity pulled most of the

material toward the center, compressing and heating it until nuclear fusion began. The result was our Sun and the rest of the surrounding disc formed planets and objects in our solar system. This process continues today in nebulae throughout the universe.

The closest star-forming region to Earth is the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex in the constellation Ophiuchus. At 390 light-years away, the view we see left the region in the year 1634. Shrouded by dense clouds of gas and dust, its inner structure was revealed in an image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope’s infrared instruments in July 2023 (inset image). It reveals over 50 young stars about the same size as our Sun, jets of hydrogen gas blasting out from a few young stars, dark areas with stars in their early formation stage, and even evidence of discs of gas where planets may be forming. The solar wind from the brightest star at the center has created the glowing cave.

One of the brightest star nurseries is the Orion Nebula in the constellation Orion. Easily viewed with binoculars, spectacular in telescopes, and sometimes even seen with unaided eyes from a dark sky site, the massive cloud of gas and dust is found in the sword hanging below the three stars in Orion’s belt. A Hubble Space Telescope image in 2006

shows over 3,000 stars!

The best-known nursery is the Eagle Nebula, made famous by Hubble images in 1995 and 2014. Although they only focus on a small portion of the nebula, the striking sight of three tall, narrow, glowing dusty columns of gaseous material containing numerous stars earned the region the title “Pillars of Creation”. The nebula is home to about 8,000 stars. Astronomers estimate there are over 100 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy and about 200 billion galaxies in the universe. All stars eventually run out of fuel and have different fates depending on their size and composition. Ours is only about halfway through its life, so head outside and enjoy the benefits of our star as summer gets underway. For night sky viewing, come to our free monthly stargazing events. A calendar is on the www.mvas-ny.org website.

Wishing you clear skies! •

Hanny’s Voorwerp. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, W. Keel, Galaxy Zoo Team

Rho Ophiuchi Cloud Complex

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan

Across

2. This bird makes bowl-shaped nests of mud and gathered materials. (2 words)

6. Clarified butter (ghee) is known as ___ gold.

7. You’re on the right path if you find yourself in this antique shop in Otter Lake. (See page 19 )

9. Unlike humans, birds’ tetrachromatic vision allows them to perceive this kind of light.

12. Popular Bosnian Bakery and Cafe in Utica.

14. It was a very good ___.

15. Not in.

16. Instrument for amateur musicians?

18. In this month’s “Market Report” Nat makes this fermented drink with rhubarb.

Down

1. The yellow dwarf star at the center of our uni verse. (See Astronomy...if you must!)

2. This Utica company made town cars in the early 1900s.

3. Northeast dairy company founded in mid-1800s.

4. A pie most are embarrassed to eat.

5. This “large pile of rocks” or farm raises organic grass-fed beef and lamb. (2 words)

8. Utica Stampede 2024 turns the Utica Aud. into this!

10. This flower “of the valley” in bloom this time of year was last month’s crossword answer.

11. Popular mints to share. Tic-___.

13. Mohawk Valley Girl visited this winery in Cooperstown

17. A large-scale artistic work.

ThecityofUticagrewoutofwhatwasformerlyaMohawksettlementatthe bendintheMohawkRiver.TheMohawkcalledthebendUnundadageandthe wordappearsonUtica’scityseal.Whatdoesitmean?(3words)

Unscramble the letters in the yellow boxes then email your answer to: mohawkvalleyliving@hotmail.com by the 18th of this month. You’ll be entered to win an MVL Mug and a bag of delicious, fresh-roasted FoJo Beans coffee!

tramp & trail club

Get out and enjoy the natural wonder of our region with the Tramp & Trail Club! Founded in 1921, it is the oldest hiking club in New York State.

Note: First-time participants are encouraged to visit trampntrail.org and call the designated leader prior to date of the particular outing in which you are interested.

Hike Tinker Falls

Sat., June 1, 9am

HD: 7.5 mi. DD: 35 mi. • Difficulty: Difficult

Pre-register required

Leader: Lisa Lucas-Myers – (C) 315-723-2514

Co-Leader: Lisa Robertson – (C) 315-484-4135

Meet at: Madison Central School, Rt. 20, Madison. We will park at Labrador Unique Hollow Pond parking area. The stunning 50-ft waterfall is viewed after a short but steep climb. We will continue on the trail, which may be slippery, to walk behind the falls and continue to the hang glider dropoff. Parking will be limited, so please carpool.

Hike Gala at 9 MILE #2

Sun., June 2, Noon

HD: 5-7 mi. DD: 5 mi. • Difficulty: Moderate Leader: Norma Vleer – (C) 315-271-0037

Co-Leader: Patty Durnin – (C) 516-724-1530

Meet at: Circle K, Rts. 12 & 20, Sangerfield

Come for a romp in the North Brookfield hills and dales. Bring a dish to pass and your own beverage to enjoy in the Gala at 9 Mile party barn after the hike. (Food and drinks can be dropped off at the barn before the hike, as we will be starting from there.) Donations accepted for the use of the barn.

Hike Colgate Trails

Sat., June 8, 10am

HD: 4-5 mi. DD: 7 mi.

Difficulty: Moderate

Leader: George Fogg – (C) 315-766-0572

Co-Leader: Phyllis Fogg – (C) 315-794-9947

Meet at: Madison Central School, Rt. 20, Madison. Hike the mostly shaded trails of the former ski slope of Colgate University.

SHAW’S

Paddle West Canada Creek

Sun., June 9, 10am

HD: 8 mi. DD: 5 mi.

Difficulty: Moderate

Leader: Tom O’Hara – (C) 315-525-1858

Co-Leader: Peter Franz – (C) 315-794-8271

Meet at: Subway, Rt. 12, Barneveld

A nice spring paddle down a beautiful “river.”

sausages, and pizza of course.

Hike Beaversprite

Sat., June 15, 10am

HD: 4 mi. DD: 19 mi.

Difficulty: Easy

Leader: Walt Pillar – (C) 315-794-6770

Co-Leader: Laura Pillar – (C) 707-365-9329

Meet at: Gems Along the Mohawk, Herkimer. We will hike around the 1300 acres of Beaversprite, see the faciities, beaver pond and the house of the “Beaver Lady.”

Bike FJ & G Bike Trail

Sun., June 16, 9:30am

HD: 22 mi. DD: 50 mi.

Difficulty: Easy

Leader: Paul Sirtoli – (H) 325-737-8353

Co-Leader: Bobbie Scarpino – (C) 315-269-4099

Meet at: Gems Along the Mohawk, Herkimer. A railway-grade trail that goes through Johnstown, Gloversville, and up toward Mayfield, passing old industrial buildings along the way. Some intersection crossings on this out-andback bike.

Paddle West Branch Sacandaga

Sat., June 22, 10am

HD: 7-11 mi. DD: 30 mi.

Difficulty: Moderate

Leader: Walt Pillar – (C) 315-794-6770

Co-Leader: Dave Gilbert – (C) 321-501-5707

Meet at: Stewart’s, Middleville

We will put in at the Second Bridge launch.Flatwater paddle through a broad valley of marshes with a background of mountains. Take a side excursions into Chub and Trout Lakes. We will exit at the new DEC access point at Shaker Place. A shuttle will be necessary.

Hike Shanty Cliffs

Sun., June 23, 8am

HD: 3 mi. DD: 65 mi.

Difficulty: Difficult Pre-register required

Leader: Paul Sirtoli – (H) 315-737-8353

Co-Leader: Peter Franz – (C) 315-749-8271

Meet at: Subway, Rt.12, Barneveld Wade across East Branch Sacandaga; bushwhack to nearby cliffs. You need water shoes to cross river.

Hike Potato Hill Farm

Sun., June 23, Noon

HD: 5 mi. DD: 25 mi.

Difficulty: Easy Leader: Mike Huss – (H) 315-768-7374

Co-Leader: Janice Huss – (C) 315-941-2831

Meet at: Subway, Rt. 12, Barneveld Hike trails on the farm.

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West Canada Creek wends its way through Prospect Gorge

The Potato Hill Farm Campus in Boonville offers trails across 170 acres.

Hike T Lake Falls

Sat., June 29, 9am

HD: 7-10 mi. DD: 45 mi.

Difficulty: Difficult Pre-register required

Leader: Peter Franz – (C) 315-749-8271

Co-Leader: Kevin Perez - (C) 315-335-8950

Meet at: Subway, Rt.12, Barneveld

Hike to the lake lean-to, and for the adventurous, continue to the waterfalls.

Hike FLT Skyline West/Heiberg Forest

Sun. June 30, 9am

HD: 8.6 mi. DD: 36 mi.

Difficulty: Difficult Pre-register required

Leader: Lisa Robertson – (C) 315-484-4135

Co-Leader: Carolyn Eastman – (C) 315-525-0366

Meet at: Madison Central School, Rt. 20, Madison. Slightly brisk pace, including 800- ft elevation gain on the Finger Lakes Trail. Have lunch at Heiberg Forest bench. Extra miles can be included to see Lab Pond

Hike the Mohawk River Trail

Sun., June 30, Noon

HD: 5 mi. DD: 1 mi.

Difficulty: Easy

Leader: Mike Huss – (H) 315-768-7374

Co-Leader: Janice Huss – (C) 315-941-2831

Meet at: Burger King, Black River Blvd., Rome. Hike along the Mohawk River.

ImportantNotice: All hikes will start at the time and location specified in each individual hike description. Leaders and co-leaders will have phone numbers listed so that they may answer any questions participants may have about possible last-minute hike changes. Arrive at the starting location 15 minutes before the start time so that you can be signed in and receive instructions.

Reminder: If you plan to meet at the trailhead, call the leader to verify the activity for late modifications.

Forest Ranger/D.E.C. Emergency Number: 518-891-0235 Trail

The Mohawk River Trail connects the city of Rome’s historic sites, parks, and neighborhoods, while offering scenic views of the river.

The Perrins of Quarry Brook Farm have personalized their unique farm experience.

Photos: Kelly Perrin

I first met Kelly and Adam Perrin of Quarry Brook Farms at a farmer’s “meet & greet” at Piggy Pat’s some time ago—maybe 2010 or 2011. We have vended at several farmer’s markets together over the years and collaborated on home deliveries and a “Farmer’s Park-it” amid the pandemic. I’ve watched their young son, Silas, grow into an inquisitive and intelligent young man. And I have thoroughly enjoyed their organic, grass-fed beef on the grill or in a hearty, winter stew.

Watching a young family develop their vision of a farm business over time is a delight. Yes, it is fraught with hard work, growing pains, and learning curves, but Kelly and Adam have managed to do something extraordinary: Not only are they building soil health and raising pastured animals that are thriving, but they’ve also managed to establish an enthusiastic and dedicated customer base by bringing their customers along for the journey. With thoughtfully written newsletters and hundreds of “teachable moments” shared on social media, the Perrins have personalized their unique—yet somehow universal—farm experience. It is well worth your time to subscribe to their newsletter!

Kelly very kindly answered my many questions, despite it being a very busy spring:

“Adam describes our farm as a “large pile of rocks”. Ha! It’s actually three small farms combined over the years, all tied together by a windy, little road.

“Ours is a side-hill and hill-top farm—lots of rocks, clay, poor soils, and small streams—all of which is a challenge. That’s why we’re mostly a grazing/livestock farm, putting life back into the soil and meeting the land where it’s at. We don’t have a big, central barn so we focus on raising animals on pasture. The hills, valleys, and varying topography of the farm allow us to get our animals out of the wind and the worst weather. It is a tricky piece of land to farm.

“We are currently focusing on organic grass-fed beef and lamb. We have tried all sorts of things over the years—produce, pork, chicken, turkey, eggs, flowers. At this point, the beef herd (Devon, with some Simmental) and sheep flock are both large enough that they take up almost all of our available time. We have also found that it is difficult to have a diversity of farm enterprises when it’s just the two of us. Like every young farmer ever, we probably started out trying to do too much with too little. We learned about business implications and personal burnout the hard way.

“We both grew up on farms. Adam’s family had a hobby farm and my family had a small horse-boarding farm with an assortment of gardens. We both had daily farm chores and spent a lot of time with animals from a very young age. We both chose to spend our free time doing farm stuff. We must have been born wanting to do this.

“Adam went to school for Natural Resource Management at Cornell. I have a degree in Outdoor Education from SUNY Cortland. Our educations certainly tie into the farm and help in a lot of ways but neither of us went to school specifically for ag. We’ve mostly learned by doing every possible thing wrong and then asking ourselves how to fix it and try again. I think we could farm for 180 years and never really feel like we know enough.

“We both like to share all aspects of our farm life with others.

Farming can be isolating, so taking the time to share observations or thoughts with others is a way to connect. I also hope it makes farm life feel more accessible to others. We also know farming is a career that can be hard on one’s mental health. Sharing our ups and downs helps us—and we hope it helps others.

“I get the most satisfaction out of taking care of things, watching them improve when you allow a system to function as it should. I love being with the animals. I enjoy challenging the idea that there’s no ONE right way to feed people on a very large planet. I especially love to hear that customers love our food.

“As we look to the future, we will have to make changes that respect the fact that we will age and won’t be able to work as hard as we do

forever. We like the idea of passing along the things we’ve learned and would like to offer things like farm camp for kids and maybe how-to workshops.

“Silas is just a great kid. We got sent a good one. He’ll help with whatever is asked of him and do whatever we need well and cheerfully. He’s a biologist at heart—always noticing the natural world, asking a ton of questions, and following where they lead. He’s very observant and cares about the animals. It’s too early to say if he’ll “take over” the farm someday. I think that’s a lot of pressure to put on a kid and it can’t be fun to feel like life is choosing you instead of the other way around. I can see him continuing to help in whatever way we need until he is old enough to go explore life on his terms for a while. If he

comes back to the farm, it will be his choice.”

Kelly and Quarry Brook Farms’ products can be found at the Hamilton Farmers Market on Saturdays, the Clinton Farmers Market on Thursdays, and online at Local Foods Mohawk Valley (localfoodsmohawkvalley.eatfromfarms. com) and quarrybrookfarms.com. They also have a dedicated freezer at Parry’s General Store in Hamilton. •

Suzie Jones and her husband, Peter, own Jones Family Farm in Herkimer. Together, with their children, they produce specialty goat cheeses and gelato. Find them at local farmers’ markets and online at www.anotherjonesfamilyfarm.com

Farmers’ Markets Season

rhubarb

by Nat Levin

Rhubarb is a vegetable often treated more like a fruit; it appears most often in cobblers, crisps, and pies, usually accompanied by copious amounts of sugar to tame its tartness. This kvass recipe embraces rhubarb’s tart, sour flavor, tempering it slightly through a brief fermentation with a small amount of honey and ginger. Kvass is a wild-fermented beverage from Eastern Europe, typically made with beets or rye bread as a base. In theory, any flavorful fruit or vegetable can be used in kvass. As with all fermented foods, once you understand the method, recipe iterations are infinite. The following recipe is adapted from Olia Hercules’ beet kvass in her book Summer Kitchens and makes a pleasantly tart, dry, and slightly effervescent drink.

Rhubarb Kvass

Ingredients:

1 pound rhubarb, roughly chopped into 1” chunks

2 tablespoons unpeeled ginger, sliced

2 tablespoons raw honey

1 tablespoon rye flour

1 teaspoon sea salt

Method:

Put all ingredients into a half-gallon glass jar. Fill the jar with water, leaving approximately two inches of space between the water and the lid. Cover and shake to combine ingredients, then loosen the lid to allow trapped gasses to escape. Let sit on a counter out of direct sunlight, shaking once or twice a day and then loosening the lid again for two to four days or until it turns slightly bubbly. Fermentation speed depends on the temperature of your kitchen. Strain and refrigerate. Try it on its own or mixed with sparkling water. A half rhubarb and half beet kvass would probably be delicious!

Boonville Area Farmer’s Market at Upper Erwin Park, Boonville Thursdays: 12-6pm, June 12-Sept 26

Boonville Farmers’ Market at Elks Lodge, Boonville Fridays: 2-7pm, June 14-Sept 14

Clinton Farmers’ Market on the Village Green Thursdays: 10am-4pm, June 6-Oct 5

Cooperstown Farmers’ Market at 101 Main St., Cooperstown Tues: 12-4pm, July-Sept./Sat: 10am-2pm, year-round

Dolgeville Farmers’ Market at Plowe Park, Dolgeville Saturdays: 9am-1pm through Oct 26

Frankfort Farmers’ Market at 122 Marina Park Dr., Frankfort Saturdays: 10am-2pm, July 13-Sept 28

Village of Hamilton Market on the Village Green Saturdays: 10am-1pm through Oct 26 of Herkimer Farmers’ Market at the Town Park Thursdays: 3–6pm, June 27-Sept 12

Visit: www.localfoodsmohawkvalley.com

alls Farmers’ Market on Albany St., Little Falls Saturdays: 8am–noon through Oct 26

munity Farmers’ Market, rear lot on N. Washington St. Fridays: Noon–6pm, June 28-Oct 11

Hartford Farmers’ Market on the Village Green Wednesdays: 2:30-6:30pm, June 12-Aug 28

a County Public Market at Union Station, Utica Saturdays: 9am-1pm, year-round

orge Farmers’ Market at 201 North St., Old Forge Fridays: 1-5pm, June 21-Oct 11

ny Farmers’ Market at Trinkaus Park Wednesdays: 2-7pm, June 5-Sept

field Springs Farmers’ Market at Spring Park Saturdays: 9am-1pm, June 15-Oct 26

estnut Street Farmers’ Market at 502 W. Chestnut St. Wednesdays: 2:30-6:30pm, May 29-Oct 2

ica Farmers’ Market at Hanna Park, Utica Wednesdays: 8am-5pm, June 28-Oct 25

on Center Farmers’ Market at Vernon Center Park Tuesdays: 3-7pm, June 4-Sept

na Farmers’ Market at 6839 Lakeshore Rd N., Verona Thursdays 3-6:30pm, May 16-Oct 2

Whitesboro Farmers’ Market on the Village Green Mondays: 2-7pm, June 17-Sept

Jack Riffle and Natalie Levin of Local Foods Mohawk Valley

Yummilicious Bakery & Cafe in utica

by Maryann Vanderpool-Imundo

A family-run Bosnian restaurant on Rutger Street has gained a following with its authentic Eastern European cuisine, all served in a fun and welcoming ambiance.

Guests are often tickled by the whimsical feminine decor: an outdoor patio shaded with brightly colored umbrellas, fancy floral plates and teapots, a mannequin clothed in a pink tulle party dress, and a textured flower wall of silk roses that backdrop a golden circle with the establishment’s name: Yummilicious Bakery & Cafe.

On Saturday afternoon, the room is full of smiling faces and chatter. Luckily, there is one unoccupied table for a couple of first-time customers. Ismar, the eldest son of owners Mersiha and Hajrudin Omeragic, gives them a friendly nod while scurrying beneath a chalkboard’s impressive list of beverage options.

Mersiha Omeragic, the founder, was featured in the book City of Refugees by Susan Hartman. It elaborated on the obstacles she overcame as a Bosnian refugee while persevering in her goal of owning a successful eatery. Omeragic said, “The struggle refugees face is not easy, but there is plenty of opportunity for everyone to chase their dream.” With her mission accomplished, she continues her labor of love alongside her family in communion with their culturally diverse neighborhood.

Bosnia and Turkey have enjoyed warm diplomatic and cultural ties since the 15th century, hence, Yummylicious’s food reflects the country’s friendship. Some traditional Bosnian dishes available include: “Bosnian Breakfast” (fried dough, cottage cheese, plum butter, and rosehip or chamomile tea) “Bosnian Meza Platter” (fried dough, smoked beef, beef sausage, ajvar, cheese, Nutella and eggs); “Tarhana” (bean stew); Sarma (cabbage rolls); and “Zeljanica” (spinach pie). Turkish food is typically spicier, flavored with sweet paprika, garlic, sumac, and Aleppo pepper. Turkish dishes available include Cilbir, a simple, savory breakfast of poached eggs, Greek yogurt, spices, and melted butter served with homemade bread and Turkish tea. Also on the menu is Turkish Breakfast: eggs, cucumbers, tomatoes, olives, feta cheese, honey, and jam, served with homemade bread and Turkish tea.

Yummilicious has a wide variety of Bosnian, Turkish, and American desserts in the display refrigerator: Tulumba (sweet fried dough), Baklava, Cupavaci (coconut squares), and, the best seller Tres Leches: milk-soaked sponge cake in a variety of flavors like pistachio, chocolate, or vanilla. Custom-ordered specialty cakes are

The Omeragic family (left to right): Mersiha (mom), Ajla (front), Faris, Ismar, Elhan, Hajrudin (dad)

Moraccan Chicken Bowl with couscous and spiced chicken

available upon request and in single servings. Today offers strawberry vanilla, chocolate peanut butter, carrot, and caramel.

The first-timers appeared uncertain about what to order, so they peeked over at the adjacent table where a Hamilton College student, Hannah Jablon, was having a Veggie Wrap with her parents. Jablon said, “It’s all good. You can’t go wrong with whatever you order.” Her parents, who chose the Omelette Wrap: eggs, peppers, onions, tomatoes, cheese, and savory turkey sausage, nodded in agreement. Jablon further opined, “This place is a hidden gem. It’s incredibly affordable, and the decor is adorable!” The first-timers were pleased with their choices: The Rachel Sandwich: grilled turkey pastrami, Swiss cheese, sauerkraut, Russian dressing, rye bread, and crispy chips; and the Moroccan Chicken Bowl containing cous cous, spiced chicken, onion, tomato, cucumber, yogurt; and Onion Rings. While exiting the restaurant, they approached a table of retired school em ployees catching up over brunch. The generous spread on their table in cluded: Banana Sushi Crepe: French Toast; Belgian Waffles; and Ferrero Rocher Crepe (chocolate ganache with hazelnuts). When one of them expressed remorse over the indulgence, her friend retorted: “Don’t feel guilty. Thank God. Be grateful there are people willing to provide this.”

Mersiha Omeragic gratefully looks to the future: “We are going in the right direction now that we have help from our kids. We want to expand the space to include a banquet room. [The building was a banquet facility in its heyday, The Ritz.] We will always maintain good quality with fresh products that are homemade from scratch. Thank you to all of our customers. Life is good.” •

Yummilicious Cafe & Bakery

Maryann Vanderpool-Imundo is a poet and freelance creative writer. She is an active member in the Oneida Chapter National Society of The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). She enjoys history, writing, public speaking, ballroom dancing and line dancing.

Hamilton College student Hannah Jablon

Enjoys lunch with her parents, Josh Jablon and Cynthia Green

Carrot cake served on a pretty plate

The Rachel

“Experience

of

• June 15th – Disney Theme Day

• June 21st – Adults Night Out

• July 6th – Kids Night Out

• July 20th – Superhero Theme Day

• August 10th – Pirate Theme Day

• September 6th – End of Summer Bash

• October 5th – Crafts at the Zoo

• Weekends Only (Sept 21st- Oct 27th) FALL FUN DAYS

• Sept 24th-Oct 22nd – Toddler TUESDAYS

• Nov 23rd & 24th –“Small Business Saturday” Weekend

Montezuma Winery & Hidden Marsh Distillery in Cooperstown

by CynthiA M. Quackenbush

One Saturday my friend Kim and I decided to drive to Cooperstown in search of new Mohawk Valley Adventures. For one reason, Kim said she had seen Montezuma Winery. We do love to visit wineries. I was a little confused, though, because I remembered going to Montezuma Winery in the Finger Lakes with my sisters and mother some time ago. Was Kim certain about the name?

Yes, Kim was 100 percent accurate. It turns out Montezuma Winery has tasting rooms in Cooperstown and Old Forge as well as Seneca Falls. Kim had driven by the Cooperstown one several times without stopping, so she was delighted to finally check the place out.

The sign on the building said Montezuma Winery and Hidden Marsh Distillery. Ooh, spirits, too! However, we were there for the wine. Perhaps another visit to sample distillery offerings is in our future.

When we walked in, several patrons were sitting at the bar tasting. We walked around the gift shop while we waited our

Sparkling Diamond Engagement Rings

Quackenbush,

Enjoy a flight at Montezuma Winery & Hidden Marsh Distillery in Coopertown

Co-owner of Montezuma Winery, Bill Martin

Kent and Charlene Smith (center) and Tom and Lisa Smith enjoy refreshments at Montezuma Winery

turn. They have quite a lot of cute decorations and accessories, touting both wine and the Cooperstown area. Soon we sat down to look at the wine list.

We had a choice between doing a tasting and getting a flight. A tasting included six ¼ oz. wine samples for $10, $12 if you wanted to keep the glass. A flight, for $15, included four wines or cocktails plus chips with Cheeky Monkey dip and a fudge sample. We decided to get flights. I wanted to munch on the chips. Kim saw that there was a Mimosa flight and could not resist.

I chose dry wines for my flight, which came in a muffin tin with the dip and fudge sample occupying two of the cups. I took a few tasting notes while I sipped. Readers of my blog know I am not very sophisticated about this: my ultimate accolade is “yummy.” I awarded that to the Voleur 2020 Murdered Out Count 2. Of course, I would like something with murder in the title.

While we were sipping, Bill Martin, one of the owners came in. He chatted with us for quite a while, talking about the winery and wines. I learned that the Grayscale Co-Fermented Rose is made with two different grapes: 55% Pinot Gris and 24% Pinot Noir. Pinot Gris, by the way, is a red grape, not a purple one.

When I took a couple of pictures of Bill, I got a few other tasters in the background. When I went to ask if that was okay with them, I had a fun conversation with two couples who like to do things as a group. They nicely agreed to pose for a picture too. When they gave me their names, they told me who was married to whom. Both couples are named Smith, but they are no relation to each other.

Kim and I had a delightful time at the winery. I will have to return sometime with my mother and sisters. After all, they have been to the one in Seneca Falls; they will probably enjoy the one in Cooperstown. We may also have to make a road trip to Old Forge. •

Winery and Hidden Marsh Distillery 4841 Rt. 28, Cooperstown 607-400-1001 Open Mon, Thurs, Sun: Noon-6pm, Fri and Sat: Noon -7pm www.montezumawinery.com

Detail of a print by Clinton artist Tim Rand. An exhibition of his work, SketchtoEtch, is on display this month at View in Old Forge.

Banksy:TheHaightStreetRat

Through September 8, 2024

Best known for creating art on street corners and on buildings unexpectedly, Banksy’s work expresses strong political and social statements and is believed to be a driving force behind the street art movement

Fenimore Art Museum

5798 Hwy 80, Cooperstown, NY (607) 547-1400 • fenimoreartmuseum.org

Outré,VartanPoghosian

June 1–July 6, 2024

Reception: Sat., June 8, 6-9pm

The story behind this body of work stems from my journeys to various destinations, undertaken without a predetermined goal. The central theme of the showcase revolves around vessels as travel pods that symbolize the authentic identity of the voyager.

MV Center for the Arts

401 Canal Place, Little Falls, NY (315) 823-0808 • mohawkvalleyarts.org

LaurencePacilio

June 7–29, 2024

Reception: Friday, June 7, 5-7pm

The Other Side

2011 Genesee St., Utica, NY theothersideutica.org

Hours: Thurs: 12-3pm, Sat: 12-3pm

Visions of the Human Condition

June 8–July 13, 2024

Reception: Sat., June 8, 1-4pm

Featuring the works of Ron Throop and Terry Slade

Kirkland Art Center

9½ E Park Row, Clinton, NY (315) 853-8871

kacny.org

AmericanLandscapesfromthe New-York Historical June 14–September 22, 2024 • Members’ Reception: Thurs, June 13, 5:30-7:30pm Munson • 310 Genesee St., Utica, NY • (315) 797-0000 • munson.art

SketchtoEtch:PrintsbyTimRand

June 1–July 28, 2024

Intro to Printmaking: Drypoint Etching with Tim Rand: June 29, 2024 | 1-4pm

View

3273 Rt. 28, Old Forge, NY (315) 369-6411 viewarts.org

oneida county history center

Willoughby Company

By charlie brown

Not many people know about the significant contributions Utica made to the early automobile industry. Many local people and businesses were pioneers. For example, Mott Wheelworks on Pleasant Street was an early leader in making automobile wheels. Since they were in the wagon wheel business, their first automobile wheels were wooden spokes, but they quickly moved on to wire wheels and beyond. In 1910, Charles Stewart Mott moved the business to Flint, Michigan, where he sold it to General Motors Corporation and later became its largest individual shareholder. Francis P. Miller and Harry Mundy started the Miller-Mundy Carriage company in Harry’s father’s basement on Cooper Street, selling steamers and electric models. It later became the Utica Motor Company, the area’s largest dealer. But perhaps the most significant and enduring contribution was made by the Willoughby Company.

The Willoughby Company (later changed to the Willoughby Custom Body Co.), was incorporated in 1903, By Edward A. Willoughby. It was an outgrowth from the Willoughby-Owen Co., itself the successor to the Utica Carriage Co. In those days, especially before Henry Ford established the assembly line, very few autos were made by a single company. It was more common for the engine, chassis, body, and other major components to be made by different companies and sent to another for final assembly. It was natural that carriage makers would begin producing auto bodies. As Utica Carriage Co., the company had already been making bodies for cars as early as 1899.

The early auto body makers drew on the skills and materials used to make carriages. The car bodies were made of wood (usually ash) reinforced with forged iron, and covered in sheet aluminum. The interiors were luxurious with fine upholstery featuring tufted cushions made of exceptionally soft, comfortable padding.

Such construction required many skills, including fine cabinet making, sheet aluminum work, blacksmithing, and forging, as well as expertise in painting, upholstery, and trim. Willoughby employed as many as 300 employees and the average wage rate was said to be “high”.

Entire families would be employed at Willoughby. As Lillian B. Arcuri wrote regarding the DeSantis family history: “With the exception of the auto chassis (which were transported from Detroit by rail), all automobiles were custom made – by hand

Oneida County History Center volunteer

The Willoughby Company was a custom coachbuilding business in Utica

in the various shops at the plant.

The wood shop workers constructed the basic body framework; the final body and roof were made in the metal shop, shaped from sheet aluminum that was handhammered to exact specifications. Completed automobiles were returned to Detroit via rail, minus the engine.

DeSantis brothers who worked at the various shops were: Angelo and Joseph in the wood shop making bodies; Rufus in the metal shop forming cowls, John, along with their brother-in-law, Edward Battelene and their nephew-Anthony Arcuri [this writer’s father-in-law]- worked in the sheet metal shop hammering out the auto bodies. A neighbor-Elma Thayer-worked in the upholstery shop, finishing the interiors and seats of the vehicles.”

Even after Ford’s assembly line revolutionized the auto industry, there was constant demand for custom bodies on high-end vehicles. According to Willoughby Company records, one of Willoughby’s largest clients was Ford Motor Company, for whom they built many custom Lincoln body styles. They also built custom bodies for Packard, Pierce Arrow, Rolls Royce, Lozier, Reo, Marmon, Cadillac, LaSalle and Duesenberg. Their clientele included many prominent individuals such as New York Mayor Jimmy Walker, boxing champion Joe Louis, Horace E. Dodge, and the Rockefeller family. Willoughby built two presidential cars for Calvin Coolidge and three for Herbert Hoover. Presidential cars were always dark blue with a narrow-striped broadcloth upholstery and the Chief Executive’s coat of arms on the door. According to a March 4, 1989, article in the Observer-Dispatch, the company also built bodies for cars owned by popes and European Royalty, including a King of England. Locally, the Frederick T. Proctor family owned cars with Willoughby bodies, including a special color, Proctor Blue, which was not used on any other car.

Unfortunately, market conditions changed over time. The industry went over to standardized auto bodies. Changes in car buyers’ tastes and the Great Depression greatly diminished the demand for custom-built auto bodies. The company sold its last car in July 1938. On February 3, 1939, the company was liquidated and its equipment sold at auction for a fraction of its value.

The building was originally leased to a mushroom farmer, and since then has had many other tenants, including the Abelove linen service and Myers-Laine Corp. The upper floors were destroyed in a fire, but the remainder still stands on the corner of Dwyer and Pitcher, currently occupied by Laser Probe, Inc., and Window Town of Utica, Inc.

Willoughby craftsmanship is still prized by classic car enthusiasts today. In classic car magazines, the words “Willoughby Body” or “Lincoln Willoughby” are bragging points. This remains the enduring legacy of one of Utica’s pioneers in the early auto industry. •

Willoughby Sports Sedan

Willoughby Limousine

TALES FROM SHAWANGUNK

by Peggy Spencer Behrendt

Alonzo after his brush with a porcupine

Our friendly Mohawk River Valley

In 1974, Tim and Peggy Spencer Behrendt set off on an adventure. They began a new life in the woods of Cold Brook, NY, without modern conveniences like electricity or indoor plumbing. These are excerpts and reflections from Peggy’s journal chronicling their adventures and also her childhood memories growing up in Westmoreland.

According to anthropologist Margaret Mead, the first sign of civilization in ancient culture was not pottery, tools, or grinding stones; it was a thighbone that had been broken and healed. This is evidence that someone was tending to another’s injuries and recovery. Helping others through difficulty is where civilization starts.

Having community resources has a positive impact in so many ways. Here is a sweet tale about an adventurous pup who got into some trouble. His story exemplifies the comforting value of community support in the Mohawk Valley

He came to Shawangunk with John and Anne on their annual visit to their cabin in the woods. He has soft, cinnamon fur, a pretty white muzzle with sensitive amber eyes, and is full of youthful energy and curiosity. He’d been adopted only a few weeks before I met him, so they were still getting used to each other. Anne knew we couldn’t risk having him run loose in our woods to chase the wildlife we protect, and he didn’t always come when called yet, so he had to stay on a leash. But one day, Anne took him down an old dirt road

and set him free to do some run ning.

Alonzo ran as only a young hound can, capering joyfully through old meadows in the early morning sun, sniffing delicious fresh air, full of fas cinating smells from every di rection, his ears flapping like wings in flight. Eventually, he came upon a very curious creature that didn’t run away like all the squirrels, birds, and rabbits did. “This is very odd,” he must have thought. “I think I need a closer look,” so he got closer, and closer. Suddenly, the little mound of strange fur whipped its tail in Alonzo’s face. “Owww!” he yelped and dashed back to Anne with scared, sad eyes, and drool dripping from his mouth.

Porcupines can’t shoot their quills out. One has to come in contact for them to stick into your skin, and they get stuck because they have little barbs that make them easy to slide in, but hard to pull out.

I have a good idea of how he felt because

Peg with Sooty the kitten and Tim’s mother, Mary

I was also once brushed by a porcupine tail. It was after dark, and our new kitten, Sooty, had escaped out the door of our cottage and followed a young porcupine up a small tree nearby. I suspect that Sooty was under the delusion that the porcupine had run away from him. I was worried about letting him stay out in the woods after dark, so even though Tim didn’t think it was a good idea, I grabbed a flashlight and climbed the tree after him. It was a small balsam tree, and I fortunately didn’t have to climb very high before locating Sooty. I grabbed him by the scruff of his neck, my elbows supporting me on branches, the other hand holding the flashlight. I thought I felt a pine bow gently brush my flashlight hand which seemed odd. There was no wind, and I couldn’t see it. When I moved it, even slightly, it hurt!

Somehow, I climbed down the tree with one hand full of squirming kitten, the other full of porcupine quills, and a flashlight. Once back in our cottage, I figured I could pull them out myself after cutting the end of each quill to release the vacuum. I yanked the first one out with pliers. “Ow!” As I contemplated the rest of the quills in my hand a dark halo began to appear making the kerosene lamp light of our cottage appear much dimmer than usual. Realizing I was likely to faint, I lay down and let Tim pull out the rest. It was sore afterward but healed quickly.

Porcupines may seem like just a nuisance because they eat tree bark (like beavers and deer), sometimes killing the tree as well as other vegetation. I was surprised once to see one eating thorny blackberry twigs. But they are part of the natural pruning and overall health of our forests, dispersing seeds and fertilizer. They have no interest in harming other creatures and simply waddle about, chattering their teeth together if they’re annoyed, and making a loud business of mating which can be disconcerting to those within hearing.

Anne, fortunately, found a nice veterinarian in Marcy who could take Alonzo right in. The quills were carefully removed while she waited. On the way home, however, Alonzo, who was slightly dopey and recovering from mild sedation in the back seat of the car, became extremely agitated when he looked out the window as they were nearing Glass Factory Rd just north of Riverside Mall on Rt 12. “I don’t like this!” he thought. “I’m out of here!”, and without any warning, leaped into the front seat and out the passenger side window with his leash trailing behind. Anne couldn’t believe what had happened! Her dog couldn’t have just jumped out of the moving car on Rt 12, could he?!

Shaken, and scared, she pulled over and began to look for what she was afraid would be his damaged body along the side of the road. Nothing. She called the police. Trooper

Baxter came and assured her that dogs rarely die from such leaps and that he would keep an eye out for Alonzo. And he did, even after dark, scanning the roadsides with a searchlight.

She called the game warden and the dog warden. The dog warden, Angela Brennan, got people in the community involved in the search. Her daughter became a communication center for people with any information. Her friend, Jessica was called in and although it was getting dark, drove Anne around, searching. She comforted Anne, “Stay positive, never give up.” And sure enough, someone reported seeing a dog with a leash trailing behind at Don’s Ford nearby! Could it have been Alonzo?

I helped get Alonzo’s picture up on Facebook and a website for missing pets. There were many expressions of concern and assurances that people

John and Anne’s son

another dog

would look out for him. After a nearly sleepless night, Anne and John went back to North Utica to spend the whole day searching without any luck. Would they ever see him again? Had he been badly injured and was sick, hungry, or dying somewhere?

Dusk came and they started home, exhausted, and discouraged until they got a new report. Alonzo’s picture had been taken by the webcam of a man in Marcy. New hope surged and they went back to find his house. But Alonzo wasn’t there anymore. So, they left water and Anne’s jacket on their patio hoping he’d return, and began to head home again. But wait! A new phone call came in. “I think we have your dog.” A couple named Dan and

Melanie said that he was in their mud room. With hope in their hearts, they went back. Anne writes: “And there is my cinnamon hound seated with Melanie in silent conversation. He looks up and wanders contentedly over to me. I want to fall on my knees in gratitude and relief, but I simply thank them and take a collarless and mildly battered Alonzo to the car. He hops right in the back seat and drops down tired; this time all windows are rolled up tight. I thank Melanie and Dan again, and they dismiss it, telling me he just followed them in. I go back to Patrick’s for the water bowl, jacket, and more thanks.”

She continues, “Patrick’s father tells me I am very lucky and that’s true, but how does one describe the good fortune of being in a community that cares about dogs, pets, and their fellow human beings? It’s like I told Angela when she noted my North Carolina plates and said, ‘You’re a long way from home.’ ‘I feel like I am home’, I replied.” •

The Shawangunk Nature Preserve is a deep ecology, forever wild, 501©(3), learning and cultural center. Tim and Peggy still live there and can be contacted through their website. www.shawangunknaturepreserve.com

10am-Noon, Saturday, June 8 at 217 Shawangunk Rd., Cold Brook

Make an earthy, sturdy basket with fiber/ paper rush, a sustainable product made from recycled Kraft paper. It’s a pleasant and easy material to weave with. Each basket will be unique according to your vision & creativity. Materials $10. Please register by calling 315-826-7405 by June 6th.

Anne and John feel at home in the Mohawk Valley