28 minute read
Appendix
08
Greenways
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Case Study 01 Comox-Helmcken Greenway
The Comox-Helmcken Greenway in Vancouver is an important east-west connection in the downtown areas of the city from False Creek to Stanley Park in West End, for pedestrians and cyclists. The Greenway offers several benefits for the West End area. It provides a direct alternative route to the major economic hotspot in the downtown area. It connects several social hotspots such as schools, neighbourhood parks, mini-parks, hospital, shopping centres. The main features of the greenway included updated traffic signals, new pedestrian crossings, new street paving, catch basins, raised sidewalks, tree plantings and dedicated tracks for cyclists and other public realm amenities (Ngo, 2018).
Fig. 114: Section across Comox St, Source: Ngo, 2018) Fig. 115: Comox St Source: Ngo, 2018)
Case Study 02 Rose Kennedy
Similarly, the Rose Kennedy Greenway project in Boston is a 1.5 mile long urban park bustling through one of the most densely populated urban fabrics in Boston (Kleinfelder Northeast, Inc., 2020). It consists of several programs integrated into the public realm such as public art spaces, event spaces, landscaping, fountains, and one-ofa-kind carousels. The project was built and designed as a liner park. It involved the conversion of one of the arterial roads (I-93) into a greenway. It was a major transformation of a transport corridor into a civic infrastructure. The intention of the project was to create connections between disconnected neighbourhoods and increase the local and regional value (Rembeza, 2017).
A unifying theme across the two cases is the redesign of existing streets and roads to accommodate cyclists, pedestrian, and other social institutions for the public. It involved the adaptive reuse of existing urban landscape for new public purposes (Horte & Eisenman, 2019). These projects highlight the shift from the original conception of greenways, where green is unanimously associated with nature. In an urban backdrop, the term “green” linked with “ways” signify a broader sustainability and liveability agenda.
This type of development can be envisaged as a benchmark for developing the greenways in the site with a focus on improving the peripheral connections of the existing parks and nature reserves with the surrounding residential neighbourhoods.
Fig. 113: Rose Kennedy Greenway Project, Source: (HR&A ADVISORS, INC., 2010)
Inference
Case Study 04 Benthemplein Water Square
The Cheonggyecheon was once a naturally running stream through Seoul. Post the second world war, the river and its surrounding environs became a large slum filled with dirty water, large sediments. As Seoul grew the stream was paved over to accommodate the Cheoggye Elevated highway in the 1960’s. (Lee & Jung, 2016). In 2003, as Seoul grew towards adopting sustainable practices across the planning diaspora, the Cheonggyecheon stream restoration project was initiated to remove the elevated highway and restore the creek. The goal of the project was to reclaim the lost stream, history, and culture of the region through effective water sensitive urban design place making strategies. Several businesses, organisations were against the proposal, however, a broader consensus was reached, and environmental development was prioritised over economic gains. Furthermore, the restoration of the stream has turned out to become one of the major tourist spots in Seoul generating economic gains through tourism.
area is channelled into the square through water ducts across the site. The storage of excessive rainwater reduces the stress on the existing stormwater capacity of the sewage system in the area. When the weather is favourable, the square becomes a recreational hub for the general public to celebrate and enjoy (Mariano & Marino, 2020).
Inference
Fig. 116: Before & After Images of the project, Source: Ngo, 2018)
The restoration of natural streams and creeks play a major role in the re-naturalization of urban ecology in a city. As demonstrated by the Comox-Helmcken, Rose Kennedy Greenway projects and the Cheongyecheon restoration project, there has an increased improvement in the walkability and overall reduction in greenhouse gas emission across the area in which they are located. The re-naturalization of creeks will also play a significant role in the management of floods across the site. Moreover, the re-naturalization of the flood drains in the site will effectively setup the initial blue corridor network across the site.
Water Squares
The water square in Benthemplein, Rotterdam provides for an exemplary precedent for adopting similar strategies and techniques across major flood-prone cities in the world. The concept of the square in Benthemplein is a simple yet sophisticated, large coloured square in the middle of a piazza with a dual function of serving as urban public space and a reservoir of harvested water during torrential rains. The water from the surrounding
Calculations for Jobs and Office space
ANZSIC Division code
The four broad categories i.e. knowledge intensive, Health and education, population serving and Industrial, are considered to decide job agglomerations on site.
Work space ratio as per ANZSIC Specifications. These ratios are considered to calculate number of jobs. While the base ratio for an office space is 12-14sqm per person, these ratios provide for much efficient and flexible spaces. They also take into consideration, the proximity from transport hubs.
Canary Wharf
IMPORTANT STRATEGIES.
Embrace Financial Inclusion
Business must act as a force for good in society with the tech sector working- ultimately creating a more equitable future.
Take Action on Diversity
The digital economy represent London’s diverse population by increasing inclusivity.
Prioritise Digital Skills
The public and private sectors realign to meet the skill demands of the modern economy in the face of unprecedented change throughout the workplace.
Collectivise the Private Sector
Companies throughout the supply chain work with policymakers to collectively take on the climate goals.
Activate Carbon Reduction
Citizens, businesses and Government must embrace the circular economy and act to reduce energy usage.
Rebalance the Economy
Government and business will need to dramatically accelerate action to shift the weight of the economy to favour low-carbon projects, capital investments and sustainable growth.
Reimagine Mobility
A renewed and progressive regulatory environment to keep pace with the future of mobility and the advent of Autonomous Vehicles.
Invest in Connectivity
A step change in infrastructure investment to provide all Londoners with advanced mobile connectivity whilst prioritising security and privacy.
Integrate Innovation
New technologies, ideas and digital infrastructure integrated across all 33 boroughs – from 5G to fibre and data usage throughout the capital’s public services.
Compete Internationally
Businesses based in the capital remain outward facing and at the centre of global decision-making
Creat a scale-up Ecosystem
To realise the potential of AI, Fintech and Tech for Good in London the conditions to scale is cemented – with the availability of funding and talent to take firms into maturity.
Unlock Capital
New forms of patient capital unlocked to back the innovation industries in London and produce growth in the long-term.
Canary Whar Source: (Watson,2020)
Flexible and innovative office designs for New Knowledge intensive industries and creative jobs. Increasing the qauality of office space to attract more knowledge intensive and creative jobs. Make provisions to accommodate flexible work space. Incentives for best designs and sustainable practices.
Google headquarters, California
Google headquarters, California
Unilever Office Campus, Switzerland Unilever Office Campus, Switzerland
Case Study 03
Night time Economy-City of Melbourne Tourism Action Plan
Conserve and enhance Melbourne’s streetscape and built form.
Provide information and services to increase visitor curiosity and encourage them to explore the municipality. - Support investment in visitor transport, accommodation and infrastructure. - Encourage tourism and accommodation investment in the municipality. - Improve visitor transport, infrastructure and facilities required to meet the forecast growth in visitor numbers. - Encourage a good quality, legally compliant short-term accommodation sector in the municipality. - Improve governance, activation and promotion of the Yarra River and the city’s waterways. - Encourage reliable, good quality water transport on the city’s waterways. - Improve and encourage waterfront/maritime heritage recognition. (L) - Make it easy to explore Melbourne and Victoria. - Contribute to improving the industry’s customer service standards - Facilitate business development that makes it easy for visitors to engage with the city.
Brisbane River Edge Strategy
- Riverside eating and drinking precincts - Network of nonmotorised watercraft launch and short-term mooring sites. - Network of shortterm mooring sites for recreational vessels. - RiverStop places for public access to and enjoyment of the river. - Lighting of major riverside parks and paths. - RiverHub - consolidated public marina and tourist boat terminal. - World-class sporting event. - RiverWalk pedestrian and cycle network. - Comprehensive information and mapping - Review regulatory framework
https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/planning-and-building/ planning-guidelines-and-tools/neighbourhood-planning-and-urban-renewal/neighbourhood-plans-and-other-local-planning-projects/river-access-network/rivers-edge-strategy
Case Study 04
Rotterdam Makers District
- It offers companies, start-ups and scale-ups room for experimentation and production. Additionally, it offers talented workers an attractive place to live, learn and work. The district is rapidly growing into a full-fledged innovation ecosystem by bringing together entrepreneurs, investors, schooling and research institutions as well as policy makers such as the European initiative Mobility City Campus.
- The emergence of the new economy goes hand in hand with three types of key technology: Additive manufacturing, Robotisation and Material Science digitisation and circularity possible. These technologies are mutually reinforcing. They make it possible to manufacture in a highly specialised and cost-efficient manner.
- SUPPORT FOR START-UPS - COOPERATION WITH KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
-A testing ground and showcase for the circular economy of city and port
One of the big takeaways looking at economic development models domestically in the US, is how the public sector is an important part in that process – the public sector at every level of government, particularly where land use is regulated, where decisions around strategic industrial assets are made, where workforce development programming is deployed. So there’s something organic happening, and the power of local government to harness that organic shift in the manufacturing sector and the way resources are being deployed effectively.
Industrial Dock converted to Office Space ensuring Circular Economy Source: (M4H Rotterdam, 2021)
Chicago Loop
Manhattan CBD Manhattan
Manhattan City
Greater Mumbai
Los Angeles CBD Los AngelesManhattan
Santa Monica
Los Angeles
Santa Monica
Top 5 performing growth rates.
Dwelling Projections based on Estimated Resident Population
To determine a baseline for the number of dwellings required to provide for future growth the population growth trends were studied from the year 2006 until 2021. Based on this, average growth rates were calculated for the highest, mid-range and lowest population growth trends setting a minimum target for the future dwelling capacity.
Housing Calculations: Phase 01
Phase Zone Ground Area(in sq.m) Ground Coverage Total Built Up Area Resident ial area in Mixed use Efficiency Residential Existing FSRExisting Land use
W8 36470 18235 72940 54705 0.5 Low-density residential
W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W22 105570 52785 316710 19870 9935 59610 237532.5 0.5 High-density residential 44707.5 0.8 High-density residential
25270 12635 75810
56857.5 0.8 High-density residential 13000 6500 32500 22750 24375 0.8 High-density residential 10900 5450 27250 19075 20437.5 0.8 High-density residential 54243.78 27121.89 135609.45 94926.6 101707.088 1.7 High-density residential
1 W17
29477 14738.5 58954 41267.8 44215.5 1.7 Medium-density residential WM22 18117.85 15400.17 61600.69 43120.5 32340.3623 1.5 Mixed-use WM23 18931.1 16091.44 64365.74 45056 33792.0135 1.7 High-density residential WM24 17412.62 14800.73 59202.908 41442 31081.5267 1.7 High-density residential WM25 17216.14 14633.72 58534.876 40974.4 30730.8099 1.7 High-density residential N1 5600 2800 11200 8400 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential N2 37313.59 18656.8 74627.18 55970.385 0.6 Low, Medium and High density residential
N3 34500 17250 69000 51750 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential
N12 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 24237.17 12118.59 48474.34
36355.755 0.8 Low, Medium and High density residential 10770 5385 21540 15078 16155 19920 9960 39840 27888 29880 6311 3155.5 18933 13253.1 14199.75 Medium-density residential Medium-density residential General Industrial
7436 3718 22308 15615.6 16731 16710 8355 50130 35091 37597.5 18720 9360 56160 39312 42120 Low-density residential Low-density residential General Industrial
P33 P7 P10 P13 P15 P16 P17 P18 27920 13960 83760 58632 62820
General Industrial 39600 33660 201960 141372 106029 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 44300 37655 188275 23500 11750 70500 141206.25 0.5 Low-density residential 52875 0.8 Medium and High-density residential
51841.99 25921 155525.97 37091.35 18545.68 111274.05 116644.478 0.8 High-density residential 83455.5375 3.3 High-density residential
21707.51 10853.76 65122.53 28165.39 14082.7 84496.17 48841.8975 1.1 Low-density residential 63372.1275 1.1 Low-density residential
Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential
Proposed FSR Proposed Land use
4 High-density residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 5 Mixed-use residential 5 Mixed-use residential 5 Mixed-use residential
4 Medium-density residential 4 Mixed-use residential 4 Mixed-use residential 4 Mixed-use residential 4 Mixed-use residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Mixed-use residential 4 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 6 Mixed-use residential 5 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential
No. of Dwellings
Zone
729 3167 596 758 325 273 1356
590 Wentworthville
431 451 414 410 112 746 690 Westmead
485 215 398 189 223 501 562 838 1414 1883 705 1555 1113 651 845 22625 Northmead
Parramatta
2 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 WM17 WM18 WM19 WM20 50700 25350 38025 27470 13735 20602.5
28518.75 0.5 Low-density residential 15451.875 0.5 Low-density residential
25170 12585 18877.5 18270 9135 13702.5 21870 10935 16402.5 14158.125 0.5 Low-density residential 10276.875 0.5 Low-density residential 12301.875 0.5 Low-density residential
21770 10885 32655 24491.25 0.5 Low-density residential
49770 24885 74655
55991.25 1.9 Medium and High-density residential 29477 25055.45 100221.8 70155.3 52616.445 1.7 High-density residential 28396 24136.6 96546.4 67582.5 50686.86 1.7 High-density residential 32338 27487.3 109949.2 76964.4 57723.33 1.7 High-density residential 35635 30289.75 121159 84811.3 63608.475 1.7 High-density residential
N4 N5 N6 24200 12100 36300 7100 3550 10650 13700 6850 20550
27225 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 7987.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 15412.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential
N7 N8
6700 3350 10050 13300 6650 19950
N9 N10
21300 10650 31950 16500 8250 24750 NP53 46312.45 23156.23 69468.675 NP54 29500 14750 44250 NP80 43063.64 21531.82 64595.46 NP18 27000 13500 40500
NP19 30800 15400 46200
NP24 NP25 23800 11900 35700 25800 12900 38700 7537.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 14962.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 23962.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 18562.5 0.5 Low, Medium and High density residential 52101.5063 0.5 Low-density residential 33187.5 0.5 Low-density residential 48446.595 0.5 Low-density residential 30375 0.5 Low-density residential 34650 0.5 Low-density residential 26775 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 29025 0.6 Low and Medium density residential
NP69 NP78 19835.7 16860.35 67441.38 47209 35406.7245 1.5 Enterprise Corridor 18061.7 15352.45 61409.78 42986.8 32240.1345 0.8 High-density residential
NP61 4900 2450 7350 5512.5 0.5 Medium-density residential
NP34 NP35 NP36
27500 13750 41250 24000 12000 36000 20600 10300 30900 NP84 20343.14 10171.57 40686.28 NP42 19200 9600 38400 NP85 12903.44 6451.72 25806.88
30937.5 0.6 Low-density residential 27000 0.5 Low-density residential 23175 0.5 Low-density residential 30514.71 0.6 Medium-density residential 28800 0.6 Medium-density residential 19355.16 0.6 Medium-density residential
P43 P34 P35 P8 P9 13900 6950 27800 7300 3650 14600 7300 3650 14600
20850 0.5 Medium-density residential 10950 0.5 Medium-density residential 10950 0.5 Medium-density residential 44300 22150 88600 62020 66450 0.5 Low-density residential 20700 10350 51750 36225 38812.5 1.1 Low-density residential
P10 P11 P12 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 44300 22150 110750 77525 83062.5 0.5 Low-density residential 36500 18250 91250 63875 68437.5 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 31300 15650 78250 54775 58687.5 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 20400 10200 40800 28560 30600 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 6900 3450 13800 9660 10350 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 4900 2450 9800 6860 7350 0.8 Medium and High-density residential
3700 1850 7400 5180 2900 1450 5800 4060 5550 0.8 Medium and High-density residential 4350 0.8 Medium and High-density residential
Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential Low, Medium and High density residential 1.5 Medium-density residential 1.5 Medium-density residential 1.5 Medium-density residential 1.5 Medium-density residential 1.5 Medium-density residential 3 Mixed-use residential 3 Mixed-use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 3 Medium-density residential for Seniors Housing 3 Medium-density residential for Seniors Housing 3 Medium-density residential for keyworkers 3 Medium-density residential for keyworkers 3 Medium-density residential for keyworkers 3 Medium-density residential for keyworkers 3 Medium-density residential for keyworkers 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 High-density residential 4 Mixed Use residential 5 Mixed Use residential 5 Mixed Use residential 5 Mixed Use residential 5 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 380 206 189 137 164 327 747 702 676 770 848 363 107 206 101 200 320 248 695 443 646 405 462 357 387 472 430 Wentworthville
Westmead
Northmead
74 413 360 309 407 384 258 278North Parramatta
146 146 886 518 1108 913 783 408 138 98 74 58 18738 Parramatta
3 W14 W15 W16 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 NP77 NP9 47000 23500 94000 70500 0.5 Low-density residential
39800 19900 79600 59700 0.5 Low-density residential
37000 18500 74000 15900 7950 31800 8500 4250 17000 10100 5050 20200 1700 850 3400 1800 900 3600
55500 0.5 Low-density residential 23850 0.5 Low-density residential 12750 0.6 Medium-density residential 15150 0.6 Medium-density residential 2550 0.6 Medium-density residential 2700 0.6 Medium-density residential 12057 10248.45 40993.8 28695.7 21521.745 0.8 High-density residential 20300 17255 69020 48314 36235.5 1.5 High-density residential
NP12 3800 3230 12920 9044 6783 1.5 High-density residential
NP13 2600 2210 8840 6188 4641 1.5 High-density residential
NP56 NP57
19800 16830 67320 47124 35343 2.5 High-density residential 6200 5270 15810 11067 8300.25 0.8 Low-density residential NP58 6201 5270.85 15812.55 11068.8 8301.58875 1.8 Low-density residential NP79 14149.08 12026.72 36080.154 25256.1 18942.0809 0.5 Low-density residential NP50 10300 8755 26265 19698.75 0.5 Low-density residential NP51 20700 10350 31050 23287.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP52 7300 3650 10950 8212.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP55 19200 9600 28800 21600 0.5 Low-density residential NP44 11700 5850 17550 13162.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP45 13700 6850 20550 15412.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP46 14300 7150 21450 16087.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP47 19000 9500 28500 21375 0.5 Low-density residential NP48 59100 29550 88650 66487.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP49 6900 3450 10350 7762.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP15 4700 3995 15980 11186 8389.5 0.8 Low-density residential NP16 3700 3145 12580 8806 6604.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP17 5100 4335 17340 12138 9103.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP20 4175 3548.75 14195 9936.5 7452.375 0.5 Low-density residential NP21 4700 3995 15980 11186 8389.5 0.8 High-density residential NP22 4500 3825 15300 10710 8032.5 0.8 High-density residential NP23 5300 2650 10600 7420 7950 0.8 High-density residential NP26 5500 4675 18700 13090 9817.5 0.5 Low-density residential NP27 5500 4675 18700 13090 9817.5 0.8 High-density residential NP28 5900 5015 20060 14042 10531.5 0.8 High-density residential NP29 7200 3600 14400 10080 10800 0.8 High-density residential NP37 22700 19295 77180 54026 40519.5 0.8 High-density residential NP38 22800 19380 77520 54264 40698 0.8 High-density residential NP39 22700 19295 77180 54026 40519.5 0.6 Medium-density residential NP40 20900 17765 71060 49742 37306.5 0.8 High-density residential NP41 21500 18275 73100 51170 38377.5 0.6 Medium-density residential NP30 4800 2400 9600 7200 0.8 High-density residential NP31 13000 6500 26000 19500 0.8 High-density residential NP32 27900 13950 55800 41850 0.6 Medium-density residential NP81 23376.3 11688.15 46752.6 35064.45 0.8 Medium and High-density residential NP82 10094.15 5047.075 20188.3 15141.225 0.5 Low-density residential
NP83 10094.15 5047.075 20188.3 NP63 40000 20000 120000 15141.225 0.5 Low-density residential 90000 0.6 Medium-density residential
NP64 27200 13600 81600 61200 0.6 Medium-density residential
NP65 14400 7200 43200 32400 0.6 Low and Medium density residential
NP66 32300 16150 96900
72675 0.6 Medium and Low-density residential P19 23550 20017.5 80070 56049 42036.75 0.8 High-density residential P20-P21 49810 42338.5 169354 118548 88910.85 0.8 High-density residential P22 7300 6205 24820 17374 13030.5 0.5 High-density residential P24 7700 6545 26180 18326 13744.5 0.5 High-density residential P25 9600 8160 32640 22848 17136 0.5 High-density residential P26 7300 6205 24820 17374 13030.5 0.5 High-density residential P37 20182.46 10091.23 40364.92 28255.4 30273.69 0.8 High-density residential P38 17684.32 8842.16 35368.64 24758 26526.48 0.8 High-density residential P43 35216.79 17608.4 105650.37 79237.7775 1.1 General Industrial
4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 3 Mixed Use residential 3 Mixed Use residential 3 Mixed Use residential 3 High-density residential 3 High-density residential 3 High-density residential 3 High-density residential 3 High-density residential 3 High-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 3 Medium-density residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 4 Medium-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 6 High-density residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 4 Mixed Use residential 6 High-density residential 940 796 740 318 170 202 34 36 287 483 Wentworthville
Cumberland
90 62 471 111 111 253 263 311 110 288 176 206 215 285 887 104 112 88 121 99 112 107 106 131 131 140 144 540 543 540 497 512 96 260 558 468 202 202 1200 816 432 969North Parramatta
560 1185 174 183 228 174 404 354 1057 21390
62754
Parramatta
Case Study 1 (for Keyworkers housing )- 60 Richmond Housing Cooperative
Case Study 2A (for affordable housing )- London’s take on Affordable Housing
Architects: Teeple Architects Stakeholders: Local city councillor, the hospitality workers’ union, and Toronto Community Housing. Area: 99565 ft²
Inferences: This is an eleven-storey mixed use building, consisting of 85 units. Its residents are predominantly those who have been affected by relocation due to a revitalization project in the neighbourhood. It mostly provides shelter to those from the hospitality industry and consists of a restaurant within the complex to support the residents. This is a unique model that amalgamates affordable housing, sensitive design and jobs. Furthermore, the building incorporates sustainable methods of rainwater harvesting and climate sensitive design to optimise the effects of wind currents and sunlight. This type of developments can be incorporated to serve as accommodation for respective health and education workers in proximity to their workplaces.
60 Richmond Street, Toronto. Source: (Photography)
Affordable Housing, London. Source: (Walker) Current Social Rent Levels in London: 45% of the equivalent private sector dwellings About: The Homes for Londoners is an Affordable and Social housing scheme that uses strategies, partnerships, and government funding to create an influx in the number of affordable housing in London. The Strategy makes a provision for the creation of 50% of Affordable housing in all new housing projects. The London Living Rent Dwellings project was initiated that offered low renting options offering houses where the rent is 1/3rd of the wages. Additionally, 27 boroughs would be used to construct new social and affordable rental dwellings.
Inferences: The Planning system in London offers affordability a high position in the housing strategy. The exorbitant affordable and social housing provisions ensure that there is adequate dwelling for all. Though bringing about radical changes as high as 50% would be a difficult task in Parramatta due to a several housing constraints and market forces, yet the example of London’s Affordable and Social housing scheme exemplifies a successful and achievable goal and hence can be used for benchmarking the Central CBD to a Metropolitan City.
Nightingale 1: Brunswick, 2017. Source: (Clarke) About: A not-for-profit organisation initiative that seeks to create affordable and sustainable housing provisions in key urban locations in Melbourne. They ensure that the dwellings are handed down to residents and Community Housing Providers by preallocating a statutory 20% of the housing to the latter.
Inferences: The principles and policies adopted focus on innovative design that is sustainable. Creating liveable spaces is at the heart of their designs with emphasis on communal spaces, accessibilty to public transport, active frontages and tactile pedestrian experiences. The key takeaways from this project would be to adopt policies that would ensure housing affordability in Central CBD while creating iconic and innovative buildings that promote co-living, simple yet enriching urban living.
Architects: Bjarke Ingels Group Stakeholders: Danish non-profit housing association Lejerbo. Area: 6800 m²
Inferences: This affordable housing project is a five-storey structure which created 66 new houses ranging between 60-115m2 in size. It utilizes prefabricated modules stacked in a chequered pattern which balances the use of materials and creates private balconies/ large fenestrations for the inhabitants. The use of prefabricated materials has brought about visual uniformity, added floor heights, and has enabled an economical outcome. The height of the building is derived from the surrounding buildings to be in harmony with them. Moreover, the curved stacking made room for a plaza on one side and a private garden on the other which makes this project a dynamic urban form.
Innovative design creating a solid-void pattern and the curved building making room for a plaza. Source: (Hjortshøj) The voids on the lower level serve as entrance portals and passageways that makes the housing structure blend with the surrounding, providing experiential spaces for the residents to live, meet and interact. In conclusion, this case study highlights the possibilities that a well-designed housing model could bring to the community and the urban setting around it. It emphasizes the strength of a mid-rise high density approach to housing to accommodate more residents without hampering the surrounding character.
About: This concept emerged in Denmark in the 1960s offering the inhabitants a sense of community, sustainability, and collaborative economy (Souza, 2021). The projects were initiated by the people who wanted to live together in a particular location. Consequently, what began as a cohousing for 5 families culminated into larger projects housing 27-33 families by the 1980s. Inferences: Co-living began with a simple idea of living together as an extended family. Its popularity today signifies the recognition of its benefits. Studies have also proven that coliving is an active model to combat loneliness which could be a common phenomenon owing to the busy urban lifestyle. It also promotes sustainable living since most amenities are shared amongst the residents. When adopted as a scheme in Central CBD, it can accommodate people who share familiar interests, occupation, etc. to live together and experience better living within the CBD.
1. Scandinavian Seniors Co-living. Source: (Berger, 2018)
Case Study 4 (for Shared Public amenities)- Bella Vista Public School
Bella Vista Public School. Source: (Photography T. F.) Architects: TKD Architects Stakeholders: Baulkham Hills, Hills Shire Council, NSW Department of Education About: The School’s synthetic football and the sports hall is open to the public after school hours.
Inferences: The introduction of shared spaces is an attempt at optimising the use of public owned land and activating streets during late hours. This case study highlights existing practices adopted by the NSW School Infrastructure, making it more realistic and achievable. The proposed School in North Parramatta can be built on similar lines to ensure that an asset like a School can go beyond in providing spaces for the youth and encourage an indulgence in sports and recreational activities.
Case Study 1 (Bus Rapid Transit )- Boqueirao busway, Curitiba
Case Study 2 (Bicycle Lane )- Vancouver
In Brazil, Curitiba is the capital of the state of Parana. There reside almost two million people. Since 1968, the city has had an urban map. The Bus Rapid Transportation System (BRT) is part of the proposal.
• It was the first city in Brazil to have dedicated bus lanes. • A bus rapid transit system operates. This is cheaper to run than a tube system. Some employers subsidise their employees who use it. • 80 per cent of travellers use the BRT. • The bus rapid transit system uses triple section bendy buses. It carries 2 million passengers a day. • The bus fare is the same wherever you go. • No one lives more than 400 metres from a bus stop. • Urban growth is restricted to corridors of growth - along key transport routes. Tall buildings are allowed only along bus routes.
(Alexe, 2017) Boqueirao busway (BRT), Curitiba. Source: (Alexe, 2017)
Bicycle Lane, Vancouver. Source: (Krueger, 2016) Converted one vehicle lane to a bike lane and repurposed the sidewalks. Source: (Jaffe, 2014)
The Greenest City Action Plan was initiated in Vancouver to build ‘compact, more dense communities for easy access to work, shopping and leisure,’ making it simpler to get rid of the automobile. The town incorporated natural elements along the road to make bikers enjoyable and appealing. For example, roads have been constructed with built-in rainwater systems for growing trees. Rain gardenses were built on 63rd Avenue and Yukon Street Plaza to collect run-off from adjacent streets. A clear success was the 2009 bike lane test. In the first three months of the Burrard experiment, cycling trips rose by 26 percent (70,000 more). Pedestrians enjoyed a bike-free sidewalk. And according to Siemiatycki et al, “travel times for automobiles and buses have not altered,” a conclusion that corresponds to recent indications that motorcycle lanes must not hinder speed (Jaffe, 2014).
Case Study 3 - Public Transport in Melbourne Melbourne is worldwide recognized as one of the world’s most lively cities. The transportation system of Greater Melbourne has been underpinned by expansion and prosperity. The town is equipped with Melbourne airport and the port of Melbourne, the biggest road network and the biggest container port in the world, a rail and coach network, as well as international gateways for persons and freight. Melbourne has developed a successful metropolitan region with this system.
Melbourne provides residents and visitors a number of coaches and trains with the world’s largest tram network. For every miles traveled, public transport takes little over 5 minutes and costs around 18 cents a kilometer. Melbourne, like Perth, has a CBD Free Tram Zone.
With its full transport system that integrates trains, trams and bus services, all together provide its cities with a 24-hour public transport service, Melbourne has the second highest utilization ratio in the public transport sector between Australia’s capital (Melbourne, 2021).
Melbourne CBD, Source: (Melbourne, 2021)
Case Study 4 - Rotterdam Centraal Station, Netherlands
The city core for mobility and connectivity is Rotterdam Centraal. Many of his similarities to Diridon Station in San Jose offer crucial lessons for the forthcoming development of Diridon.
Rotterdam Centraal is where trains, buses, the subway, light rail, taxis and bicycle infrastructure cometogether to serve Rotterdam and other parts of The Hague metropolitan region (Tolkoff, 2016).
Innovative design creating a solid-void pattern and the curved building making room for a plaza. Source: (Hjortshøj)
Rotterdam Centraal Station, Netherlands, Source: (Tolkoff, 2016)
- Pedestrian Plaza to keep a safe environment around the station
- A destination where people can gather for socialor business purposes, as well as get from place to place.
- Urban texture, mixture of living and working- improve the quality of life and the environment of the station
area (Tolkoff, 2016).
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