Reminded of my place

w REMINDED OF MY PLACE

By Jaya Gordon-Moore

In the midst of the recent BLM movements. I was He felt the need to define me. Like many people do. My reminded of my place. Going shopping minding my interracial Jamaican Irish heritage confused him. It felt business. Headphones in, Nas ‘Purple’ is playing. like he was angry at black people and chose me as a I get on the tram as usual. Very much in my own ‘spokesperson’ to inform about it.

world. I was interrupted by some shouting – I pull

least if anything happens, I have some evidence.

out my headphones and turn to face where I can I feel failed by the system again. I reported it to the hear the noise. A man Is shouting at me, I’m not police. They came to my house at 9PM that night sure what he’s saying at first, but he looks me in the and took some notes. I sent them the video footage, eye, then up and down in absolute disgust. He is red for them to update me that they uploaded it to faced and eyes almost watering. I was just confused. their system weeks later, after telling me during our interview they would do it immediately and take ‘I’M SPEAKING TO YOU’ , ‘EXCUSE ME IM SPEAKING TO this stuff ‘very very seriously’. I went to town about YOU’ , ‘Huh?’ , ‘I SAID, WHAT COLOUR EVEN ARE YOU? ITS a week after the incident, only to see the man again, NOT MY FAULT YOU ARE BLACK IS IT?!’ in central Nottingham, 5 minutes away from one of the police stations. He was shouting again. I called For the next however many seconds, I am bombarded 999 immediately. The women on the phone seemed with questions, words, phrases. I looked around almost confused as to why I was getting so upset. She told in disbelieve, like is anyone else seeing this? Apparently me to follow him but keep a distance and keep them not. Or they just don’t want to. Or they just don’t feel updated on his whereabouts. I did not realise this was they need to. my job - the victim of the hate crime incident – to I pull out my phone and ask him what he said again. At danger to society. I’ve heard no news since. almost ‘spy’ on the culprit – a man who I believe is a That day reminded me of my place. As a young ‘WELL ITS NOT MY FAULT, WHAT COLOUR EVEN ARE interracial woman alone in a western society. For YOU- WELL I DON’T KNOW DO I?’ the last six years or so I have been passionate about intersectional issues. I have been reading bell hooks I contest him. I’ve been taught to stand up for myself since sixth form. A big aim of my music is to open and others when it comes to moral and discrimination. discussions and stimulate change. I have always been Even though it can be scary and can cause a ‘scene’, interested in thought provoking content. I have always I cannot sit there and take that. As I contest him, the stood up against racial and gender discrimination, man pulls out a pair of scissors from his bag as he says, even when the little blonde girl called me a ‘nigger’ ‘Stop it now!’. He then goes on about how he is grieving, at the skatepark when we were 11. Even when the and it is ‘my grandma’s fault’ that he had mental health neighbour’s kids threw apples at me and my sisters issues. because we didn’t look the same. My job out of uni is for There was a lot more to the story. And although I contested the man, I did remove myself from the situation. When he pulled out the scissors, no one even batted an eye lid. A twenty year old girl getting verbally abused by a grown man because of the colour of skin she was born with. I would like to point out also that all of this was very loud, and the tram driver did not do anything or even check if anything was happening. a charity that empowers black communities and offers opportunities. But after this moment I felt exhausted. I felt so powerless. I make podcasts about this stuff; I really try to have hope that I can make a difference. But this moment really got to me, more than usual. No matter my degree, no matter my success, no matter how strong I feel, how above a situation I feel, how empowered I feel – this moment reminded me that the racial difference is still stronger in the eyes of them.

Mercy had recently become jobless - in the midst of Positive Action, confiding in them that she didn’t “have eradicate needless hurdles and such scant support for comes as no surprise given the restrictions and delays Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) condition which w

THE DEATH OF MERCY BAGUMA CALLS FOR RADICAL CHANGES TO THE UK’S ASYLUM SYSTEM By Holly Barrow

On 22nd August, Mercy Baguma, a 34 year old asylum A report carried out in 2017 by Refugee Action seeker, was found dead in her flat in Glasgow with her found that, despite the Home Office having a duty to malnourished baby son crying next to her. While the ensure that those who require support while waiting cause of Mercy’s death is currently under investigation on a decision for their asylum claim do not fall into - with no confirmation as of yet that this was due to destitution and homelessness, many who seek support starvation - the harrowing circumstances surrounding from the charity are living on the street or haven’t this tragedy have sparked renewed pressure to eaten properly for weeks. Barriers to accessing asylum end a key component of the government’s hostile support play a significant role in this, with many environment policy - the No Recourse to Public Funds wrongly denied assistance or being made to wait (NRPF) condition. unnecessarily long periods of time before receiving the Covid-19 pandemic - after her leave to remain in The charity found that less than half of applications the UK expired. She was reportedly undergoing the for emergency support that they assisted with process of claiming asylum however asylum seekers in were granted on initial application - however, after the UK are unable to undertake paid work while their appealing these refusals, 92% were granted, often claim is being processed and must rely on a meagre with no change in the applicant’s material situation. weekly allowance of £37.75. This payment is intended This demonstrates quite how frequently those who are to cover all daily essentials - from food to toiletries and actually eligible for support are initially refused until clothing. As a result, Mercy is believed to have been challenged: what happens to those who are unaware living in extreme poverty in the weeks leading up to that they can challenge such refusals or who cannot her death and had sought help from Scottish charity access legal support? enough money to look after herself or her child”. To add insult to injury, leading politicians seem entirely She had similarly received the support of African own policies. In May, Prime Minister Boris Johnson Challenge Scotland in July, as the organisation made clear just how little he truly understands his published a video via their social media of Mercy government’s No Recourse to Public Funds condition, gratefully accepting a much-needed food parcel. While after insisting during a committee meeting that it has not yet been confirmed that the cause of Mercy’s ‘people who have worked hard for this country and death was due to her destitute circumstances, her tragic who live and work here should have support of one case speaks to an urgent need for the government to kind or another’. those seeking asylum. He was corrected by Labour MP Stephen Timms who The UK’s asylum system has long provoked criticism have been granted leave to remain in the UK are subjected and calls for change from immigration lawyers, to the NRPF condition, preventing them from accessing migrant charities and campaigners alike. Destitution key financial support both in normal circumstances and among asylum seekers is rife and this devastatingly throughout the duration of the pandemic. often endured by these individuals throughout the This same level of ignorance was only further displayed asylum process. by the Minister for Work and Pensions, Therese Coffey, Countless reports published by researchers, think- Burley following Mercy Baguma’s death. Despite being tanks and organisations have demonstrated a explicitly encouraged to offer her condolences and desperate need for reforms to the asylum system, sympathise with Mercy’s tragic case, Coffey repeatedly with so many vulnerable individuals falling through insisted that ‘there are ways’ for those in circumstances the cracks. This is largely as a result of the No such as Mercy’s to ‘access that help.’ financial support. unaware of the far-reaching repercussions of their informed him that, as a matter of fact, thousands of those who in an interview with SkyNews commentator Kay prohibits asylum seekers from accessing statutory Only, this demonstrably isn’t the case. The government homelessness assistance and most welfare benefits, assistance referred to by Coffey is that which is including Universal Credit and child tax credits, as referenced within Refugee Action’s 2017 research, well as presenting significant barriers when it comes which found that applications for emergency (section to accessing free healthcare and housing. 98) support were incorrectly refused on a regular basis.

To suggest that those in destitute circumstances will receive urgent support simply upon completing an application is wilfully misleading.

Such rhetoric feeds into the widespread misconception that asylum seekers in the UK somehow have an easy ride, with far-right groups such as Britain First recently storming hotels which are temporarily housing refugees awaiting permanent accommodation during the pandemic. The misrepresentation of asylum support by leading politicians inevitably contributes to the myth that those seeking asylum are provided with an abundance of assistance and need only complete an application form in order to receive this.

The reality, however, paints a different picture, with asylum seekers going months with non-payment of funds, facing barriers to health care, housing and employment, and having no entitlement to benefits. How can we expect the public to recognise the fundamental inhumanity at the core of the asylum system when the Prime Minister himself demonstrates a critical lack of awareness towards the difficulties faced by migrants and asylum seekers in the UK and the Minister of the Department for Work and Pensions refuses to acknowledge that delays and unnecessary refusals of assistance sees many asylum seekers plunged into destitution?

This misinformed narrative must end and measures must be taken to ensure that asylum seekers are provided with the urgent support they so desperately require.

Holly Barrow is a political correspondent for the Immigration Advice Service; a leading immigration law firm which provides free legal advice to those seeking asylum

How institutional racism is affecting black asylum seekers: A Testimony By Ophelie Lawson

Paul is from Congo RDC. He came to Greece on the 7th July 2019, fleeing persecution in his country. He has been living in the island of Lesvos for 14 months waiting for his asylum to be granted. After two initial rejections, Paul is making a last appeal on his case.

In this testimony, Paul speaks up about his experience as a Black asylum seeker in Greece, and more specifically inside the old notorious Moria camp in Lesvos. He talks of the racism he experiences, the unfair and inequal access to support services available to him due to racial profiling and share of his experience of the Greek asylum system and Greek culture.

Paul: I came to Greece, Lesvos, 14 months ago. In one month, it will be 15 months.

I had to flee a political situation which I was trapped in. This is why I escaped to come here and ask for asylum.

To come here, I had to go through Turkey. It wasn’t easy there. Now that I am here, none of my rights as an asylum seeker are respected. Here it seems as if the laws to protect asylum seekers change every week, always in our disfavour. Our conditions are inhumane in every aspect: sanitary, hygiene, living conditions, and accomodation. The asylum procedure and paperwork is extremely slow. It’s hard to accept. Everything we tell seems to be hard to accept by people, our reality, our stories, everything we are living now and everything we went through. I had two rejections for my asylum claims.

In the camp, we were overcrowded. The camp was made for 3,000 people and at one point we were 20,000 people. There was too much disturbance, too much hostility between communities. Rapes, thefts, crimes, fights, all because of the horrible conditions in which we were forced to live.

What did you hope for when you crossed the Mediteranean sea asking for safety here in Europe?

When I arrived in Europe I had no dreams but an objective: regaining my rights which were violated back in my country. I wanted to be protected and to continue living a normal life, just like I used to back home before everything happened. I led a normal life, I had my routine, and went about my business freely. I did not leave my country because I wanted to, I lived well with my family there. Europe has never been an Eldorado for me, it is because of the political situations of my country that I came here to ask for protection and I was forced to leave all of my family behind.

Like everybody else I had dreams for the future, now it is as simple as wanting to live in peace, it is the lack of peace in my life back home that made me escape. I didn’t have security, or protection, my life was in permanent danger, all because of our dictatorial regime which is the reason many of our citizen rights are often violated. I want to work again, contribute to society, give more to the future generation, be part of making the world flourish. Because even if my current situation tells me otherwise, I know that I still have some things to give to the world. We are always called to leave good traces behind us for other people to survive, and one day I would like to find my family if possible, and help people in similar situations like the ones I am going through today. Being an activist is perhaps my new dream, help the voice of the voiceless be heard, support the weak, the abandoned, fight for racial equality, nations, ethnicities. Fighting for justice and against injustice too, because those difficult roads, these difficult moments that I went through made me understand how hard this life can be. But I trust that there will be a change in the days to come, because I know that every man is good by nature but it is society that makes them bad.

Can you tell us about your experience as a Black asylum seekers ?

Since the first day that I arrived at that camp I felt a lot of discrimination. While we were checking in with the police, I was among the first to enter but when we started the registration I was number 22. During food distribution, it was even worse, other communities such as Afghans, Syrians, Iraqis were able to have endless supplies of meals but for Black people this was restricted and our food was carefully measured. This was not the case for the other communities not. In the row if you get noticed you are severely punished.

Inside the camp, the African communities are always targeted by other communities. Many times we were attacked by Afghan communities that terrorised us with knives to steal our phones. If you resist you can lose your life, and there is no hope or expectations that the police would ever intervene.

I was personally attacked twice. I did not try to resist and just handed over my phone. In this year alone 4 Black people lost their lives because of phones. They tried to resist and defend themselves, so they got stabbed on the spot. Hemorrhages were caused by the wounds

and they lost their lives, some in the hospital, some w just where the incident happened. And this happened many times. Other communities are more privileged than the Black communities on many different aspects.

Once I seeked medical assistance and requested a medical examination due to a continuous discomfort I was feeling because I was tortured in my country. I asked for a brain scan and ultrasound for abdominal pain, but only received a few pain relief tablets, that’s it. An Afghan friend of mine who had suffered a traffic accident back in his country also went to seek medical assistance, he explained his case and was quickly transferred to the hospital for scans.

Here at the camp we had areas where we could connect to the internet for free. After 8:00 p.m, in these areas you could not find any Black people because it was so dangerous for us. And about all these treatments, crimes and discriminations that I just spoke about, there are times when you could even see the person who stole your phone or another article and you cannot inform the police because it can cost you your life and the police also do absolutely nothing in such situations, so apart from discriminatory racism we also lived continuously feeling unsafe.

There is a lack of lasting support for Black refugee communities which is firstly part of racism and discrimination, secondly there’s a lot of irony. All the countries of Europe, where people ask for asylum, know the political realities of our countries, they know about the corruption of our authorities, dictatorship, insecurity, war and organized crime, the persecution, kidnapping, corruption, exploitation of man by man, ethnic and tribal conflict, a flow of armed groups in every nook and cranny of the country.

But it is a system that must continue because they [Europe] do not want us to escape this cycle of abuse in order for people in Europe to continue taking what they need from us. I see their strategy is to ensure that the Black community continues to be mistreated so it does not benefit from its goods and wealth. Because once we awaken and start claiming our rights, once united no one could stop the Black community.

Here [Lesvos] it’s not at all easy because I have no support or outside help, this is because of discrimination, racism and inhumane treatment. There are some of my brothers from the same community who help me to have food and drink because I don’t even dare to go to the “food line”. There I am exposed to all kinds of danger, the police see in plain sight how we, the Black community, are mistreated and they do absolutely nothing to protect us. Some months ago, a Cameroonian was stabbed by an Afghan, his only crime was being in the wrong place and finding himself in a misunderstanding. We get very very little support.

Have you ever thought of going back to Africa?

I am never tempted to return to Africa because I know that my life is still in danger, and apart from my country I have never experienced another country. With all that I have lived through, the stress, fear, trauma and torture, I cannot find a way to return there. I make the effort to be informed almost every day and the news that I receive in all four corners of my continent is always the same; war, crimes, assassinations, attack of armed groups, political problems which never have solutions, insecurities etc. In my own country there are more than 150 unidentified armed groups which are terrorising the population daily, looting, spreading violence, persecution, destroying sometimes entire villages. There are always sensitive images circulating on social networks, it does not give me the courage to one day try to return to Africa.

Many of us Black people who are single men here, we suffer a lot from injustices and insults followed by discrimination. Often others benefit from it [this racist system]. I also volunteered for the food line distribution role but it was not easy for me. Because of the threats and discrimination I was to forced to give up to avoid bringing unnecessary trouble. Inside the camp the major community is always in charge. We hardly receive drinking water. I bought it with the 90 € that we received monthly, it is in this way that I have survived.

INSTITUTIONAL RACISM IS ALSO KILLING BLACK PEOPLE IN EUROPE REFUGEE CAMPS By Ophelie Lawson

The first step in acknowledging how Black asylum and asylum seekers perpetuate racist ideologies since seekers experience racism, in the most hostile and the institutions in which they are being created are inhumane living conditions of Moria refugee camp in racist, providing relative inequality, discrimination and Lesvos, Greece, and why they are the constant victims of inequality for Black refugee communities. abuse and neglect, is an understanding of what racism and anti-blackness are and how they manifest on the ground. We must interrogate how our institutions, and This problem exists even within non-profit and aid the supporting structures within them, are inherently organisations or groups of people formed in our society, shaped by racism. working together on the same mission in an organized People often conceptualize racism as a problem of the individual; mean people that marginalized individuals constantly have to deal with. But the lived experience of racism in a Greek refugee camp is much more than this, particularly in the context of a political crisis within Europe, often misleadingly characterized as a refugee crisis or a humanitarian crisis when it is, in reality, a political crisis. And in overcrowded Moria camp, this crisis is silently allowing the killing, abuse, and neglect way for a shared purpose and bound by common goals: they are still shaped by the same institutions that wish to further marginalize Black asylum seekers. I am talking about organisations that have the power and resources to help victims of conflict, persecutions, colonialism, imperialism, poverty, torture, environmental disasters. Organisations that have the ‘reputations’ of doing so, but who sadly follow the same principles of racist and oppressive state institutions. of Black refugees. Racial discrimination on the ground To understand this iteration of a global racist structure, I have been an advocate for human rights, more we need to question and interrogate histories and specifically for refugee’s rights, for over a year now. I institutions. Why are Black asylum seekers, who are first came to Lesvos and started supporting asylum already subject to such gross violations of human seekers from the Black community last year. I went rights in hostile European settings, also have to deal to the camp, randomly started talking to people, and with racism? And why is there such misunderstanding quickly realised the importance of the discussion we and lack of documentation of the harsh realities of this were having; the importance for me to understand community within the hell that is Moria camp? the day to day reality of the Black community in Moria Institutions of oppression are important in understanding racism camp. A community that is often treated like parasites, economic migrants coming to Europe to steal our jobs, when in reality they are victims of colonialism, History is essential in understanding racism, and environmental disasters, conflict, persecution, torture. foundations of western society (institutions), such Since then, I have been trying to support individuals by as schools, governments, states, court systems, connecting them with the resources to help themselves organisations, or in other words, formal and informal and others. I work to put asylum seekers in touch with rules that organize social, political, and economic organisations that will send them small amounts of relations (North, 1990), play a significant role in money (100euro) to buy themselves food, or organise perpetuating and shaping racism. Thus, our lived small food distribution amongst the most vulnerable in experiences and social interactions within these their community. Other times, I send money that I earn societies are established and maintained in the disfavor working small jobs in London, for them to do the same. of Black communities. And paradoxically, it is within those same institutions that organisations and laws are created to protect and support asylum seekers. Social institutions operate in all fields of life. When you are a Black refugee, these centres of power control your access to the little support and aid available for the refugee population, but also to economic, legal, political, and social rights, and opportunities. The structures that were designed to protect refugees Here in Moria camp, there is no documentation, and a larger institutional denial of what is happening to refugees. And the experiences of Black refugees have been particularly ignored. A week before I came back to Lesvos in July, one asylum seeker from the Ivory Coast was stabbed to death, another one from Congo was stabbed three times and critically injured, another one was stabbed in his leg, and another one just above his eye, all in the same night and for over a phone.

Following the incidents, the assaulters were arrested and released two days after because the police said “there is nothing they could do about that really”. To see the go fund me campaign I organised on behalf of one of them click here

Throughout this journey, especially since I have been living on the island of Lesvos, I have been mistaken for a refugee due to my skin colour. I have recognized and experienced the importance of defending and supporting the Black community within the camps and the importance for people to understand how institutional racism is affecting and further marginalizing Black asylum seekers. Black communities within European refugee camps are most certainly some of the most abused and neglected peoples on the continent. And this experience is exacerbated by the lack of Black humanitarian workers and surplus of white savior complexes within the aid sector. I was struck by the realization that after the tangible and flagrant racism that they have to endure, they also confront discrimination and denial of support by humanitarian organisations in the hostile environment of the camp. In addition to language and institutions, racialized stereotypes and imagery can have a big impact on the life of an asylum seeker. And being a black refugee or migrant can itself be a risk in many aspects of life. Since returning to the island with the aim of supporting and documenting the day to day life of the Black community in the Moria camp, I have gone through police brutality and objectification. I have been pushed by humanitarian workers from the UNHCR while trying to support Black asylum seekers inside the camp. I have been shouted at by nurses at the hospital and have had doors closed in my face by white volunteers. I have been asked to leave restaurants because of people not wanting to, “ have people of my skin colour seated in restaurants as it may scare away their clientele”. I have been asked by old Greek men if I wanted to come by to their house. The aggressors within these experiences were all assuming that I was a refugee. I have been treated by white volunteers and humanitarian workers like a stupid child until they realized that I was not an asylum seeker. For the last month that I have spent here, I have had a lot of trouble documenting as much as I was planning to. I’ve had to rush and run everywhere. Either to translate, serve the role of a social worker, advocate for increased support, provide guidance, assist with referrals, defend cases, or visit lawyers. All because of the lack of institutional support for the Black asylum seeker community. My experience has felt like that of a doctor, alone and overwhelmed by the long-ignored cries of patients in an over capacity emergency room. I see individuals in a critical state and in need of help. And as I work to operate and dress the wounds of each patient, I myself am stabbed by the same assailant. Within this intensity, I forget that indeed I am alone, and there’s only little someone on their own can do. But how can I retract, when I remain in a position of privilege and they are not? While confronted with the deepness of their wounds and their urgent need for care, it is hard to step out and realise that rather than trying to help them each on my own, I should burst out of the doors of the emergency room to find more doctors to help them. To help us. Through this analogy, I do not mean to imply that I am here to save anyone. This is not it. I am here to use my privileges and re-engage with them, use the resources that I can access to ensure that their voices are being heard. As a Black woman, who is experiencing constant racism on this island, I need the support of the community just as much as they do. But my circumstances however, are better. I have the privilege of a French passport, which is why I have a duty to reengage with my privileges. In earnest, this is a call out for Black movements and communities in Europe to realise that our brothers and sisters within Moria camp need our help. Their stories mirror ours: the same tragic tale of a broken and discriminatory system. I am here trying to connect those narratives and show the need for changes. There is a lack of focus on the Black lives suffering from colonialism and environmental disasters within refugee camps. We are experiencing a period of heightened attention in regards to Black lives in the Western world however many Black communities are still being relegated to the margins of mainstream consciousness.

There’s a need for action from Black communities and the larger public, a need to document experiences and raise awareness about the conditions of Black asylum seekers in Moria camp. Black lives matter, especially of those who tolerate the inhumane conditions in refugee camps or the one drowning in the Mediterranean We need more experienced doctors in the room. But also for the unheard to be heard.

w

How a refugee dinghy became a divisive symbol for hope vs hate By Laura McCartan

Channel crossings continue being reported almost ‘Turkish propaganda.’ At the same time, the UK Home daily in British news outlets since the start of the Office chose to release a video blaming ‘activist summer, and it is impossible not to draw parallels lawyers’ for allowing refugees to uphold their right to between the rhetoric and situation on the Channel claim asylum and promising to deport all sea arrivals and another migration route, the Aegean sea. I have as quickly as possible. It is little surprise then, that on spent the last year working as part of a search and the beaches of both Lesvos and Kent, armed groups rescue team on the North Shore of Lesvos, 7km from greet new arrivals and those there to support them. On Turkey and a major route for those fleeing violence social media we see armed fascists in both countries and persecution, who must make terrifying journeys saying things that could never have been imagined on dinghies which are not fit to be at sea. This summer, five years ago as Europe grieved the loss of a young while many of us have been trapped in our homes, life who should never have been lost in this way. the channel crossings have become a recurring news article, and in some shocking stories, journalists have It is also five years on that we see most rescue boats filmed from boats sailing alongside dinghies without firmly docked or impounded, the will to save lives at offering rescue. sea still remains, but with serious criminal charges The death of a Sudanese man in mid-August, whose facing those who rescue. body was found washed away onto a French beach As we write this, the crew of Mare Liberum have been near Calais, reminds us of the viral image of three- harassed, arrested and had mobile devices seized, year-old Alan Kurdi, who drowned off the coast of the Maersk Etienne remains afloat with 27 refugees, Turkey, together with his mother and brother, shortly several of whom have tried to commit suicide, and after boarding an unseaworthy dinghy to reach even the hope brought by the Louise Michel is hard to Europe. That tragedy sparked continent-wide outrage grasp due to the death toll on their first mission. This and mobilization to support and welcome refugees to week, a list of ‘criminal NGOS’, most of whom are not Europe. One would think that five years later, European policy-makers would have stepped up and followed present on Lesvos have been announced by the Greek government, and a facing serious threat of violence for Oct. -Dec. 20 through the extensive existing legislation to offer their lifesaving work. The situation seems bleak. protection and a safe haven to refugees. However, as we can see from the humanitarian situation at the English Channel, this is far from true. What remains is the hope that groups can monitor the situation on both shores and record human rights TEACHER TRAINING With right wing governments in both Greece and the violations, used to hold governments to account. While the UK government attempts to deport as many Level 3 Award UK, the pride in pushing boats back and refusing entry asylum seekers as possible before they leave the EU, to those most in need has become commonplace in small charities work even harder to support them with media strategies designed to demonise refugees. access to their basic rights. Fascists on the beaches While articles surface in the New York Times and continue to be met with protests by those who do not countless other outlets showing examples of violent want a hostile environment, and who see a future for pushbacks, in a Trump-like denial of fact, Kyriakos the United Kingdom as a safe and welcoming country Mitsotakis claimed all push-back evidence is simply Oct. -Dec. 20 for those forced to flee their own.

TEACHER TRAINING Level 3 Award

Oct. -Dec. 20