ROBERT MOJICA Master of Science in Architecture & Urban Design Columbia University in the City of New York G S A P P
S U M M E R
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S P R I N G
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C. 1850
- By the 1850’s, the Patriots had won the Revolutionary War.
k
Z
P
ENVIRON
-The South portion of the Bronx, originally occupied by Jonas Bronck, was acquired by Gouverneur Morris in the late 1600’s.
rlem Rail Road
SUGGESTION -Community Event Park
-Farming
h-Town of ester
-The Erie Canal is constructed, changing agriculture in the Bronx. -The Croton Aqueduct is constructed, leading to more settlements west of the Bronx River.
arlem Rail Road
Bronx River
Ave. EL
TYPE 2_VACANT BUILDING SUGGESTION -Public Apartment
Mixed Use Special Mixed Use Manufacturing Residential Commercial Overlay Other
Bronx River
ms
TYPE 1_VACANT PARKING LOT
C. 1890 - 1900
2.1_Only 1st floor is occupied Youth Rehabilitation
Cultural Activities
Office
2.2_Some parts are occupied.
Museum
Pedestrian Scale Mixed Use Zoning
-In 1866, the Third Avenue EL reached Mott Haven, making the area more accessible to Manhattan residents. Island
-Rapid business and residential growth. Bicycle route
-Public investments transformed this suburban area into a larger urban neighborhood.
2.9%
1.9%
2.0%
manhattan
queens
staten Island
2.5%
5.2%
19.1%
2.4%
9.2%
1.1% 0.9%
4.1% 4.0%
0.6% 0.7%
3.9% 2.0%
7.5%
brooklyn manhattan queens staten Island
Hospitalization Rates / Ages 35+ 3.4%
bronx
Hospitalization Rates / Ages 15-34
brooklyn
Hospitalization Rates / Ages 0-14
bronx
14.0%
12.0%
39.1%
8.1%
29.3%
7.7%
14.9%
african-american
15.2%
15.3%
white / non-hispanic
hispanic
new york state
bronx county
south bronx
asian / other
Unemployment Rate by Race South Bronx
Poverty Rates
united states
3.4%
1.8%
33.3%
22.8%
28.6%
12.2%
1.5% 0.8% 0.1%
16.0%
4.5%
64.7%
12.6%
30.1%
1.2% 0.6% 0.2%
0.7% 0.2%
53.5%
10.9%
asian
Unemployment Rates
some other race / non-hspanic american indian / alaskan native
asian
two or more races american indian / alaskan native native hawaiian / pacific islander
Bronx Population by Race
two or more races
african-american
NY City Population by Race
some other race / non-hspanic american indian / alaskan native
white / non-hispanic
hispanic
United States Population by Race
C. 1950 - Present
queens
staten Island
bronx brooklyn manhattan
bronx county
united states
new york state
south bronx
african-american
white / non-hispanic
hispanic
white / non-hispanic
african-american
hispanic
-In the 1970s, the Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, causing arson and property insurance fraud.
asian
-Large Italian and Jewish migration into the Bronx in the 1950s.
SAINT MARYS RECREATION CENTER
-Older generations retired and moved leaving a predominantly Hispanic and African American population. -By the 2000s, the Bronx had a population of about 1.2 mil ion, and its bridges, highways, and railroads were more heavily traveled than those of any other part of the United States.
RANDALLS ISLAND
“The TThe people p of communities aree more awar aware of advantages
GDP: $310,100,000,000 GBMP: $62,020,000,000 INDIANAPOLIS GDP: $79,700,000,000 GBMP: $15,940,000,000 NEW YORK CITY GDP: $1,470,000,000,000 GBMP: 294,000,000,000
UNITED STATES GDP: $14,500,000,000,000 GBMP: $2,900,000,000,000
WHAT’S IN YOUR LAPTOP?
D
S U M M E R
THE 5 BOROUGH STUDIO FACULTY: Kaja Kuhl Skye Duncan Earl Jackson Tricia Martin Michael Piper Emily Weidenhorf
S T U D I O
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DESCRIPTION: The first Urban Design Studio focused on 3 principles: to nurture a design process specific to existing urban environments; to critically consider site and program; and to interrogate the role of Urban Design in serving the public as a client. The studio provides a framework for the expansion of design thought using New York City and its 5 Boroughs as a laboratory.
S U M M E R
URBAN RECORDER DESCRIPTION: To work and react to existing urban environments with multiple layers of urban morphologies, physical conditions, and narratives. The documentation of these experiences was to be compiled through a 3 dimensional wearable device to represent urban site specificity.
RESPONSE: Inhibited visual perspective giving way to exploration and new discoveries in familiar landscapes. By independently moving the black panels, views are restricted, forcing focus on unexpected subjects.
-The first European settlement was established in 1639 by Henry Hudson.
Brook Creek Bronx River
Borough-Town of Westchester Mannor of Morrisana Port Morris
East Harlem
-Westchester County had the largest development. -The South portion of the Bronx, originally occupied by Jonas Bronck, was acquired by Gouverneur Morris in the late 1600’s.
Randall’s Island
NY & Harlem Rail Road
C. 1850
- By the 1850’s, the Patriots had won the Revolutionary War.
Mannor of Morrisana Brook Creek
PEOPLE
-Occupied originally by Siwanoy Native Americans. Native American Trails
ENVIRONMENT
Bronx River
Village of West Farms
Mott Iron Works
Morris Branch
Borough-Town of Westchester
-The Erie Canal is constructed, changing agriculture in the Bronx. -The Croton Aqueduct is constructed, leading to more settlements west of the Bronx River.
Port Morris
NY & Harlem Rail Road
Bronx River
C. 1890 - 1900
-In 1866, the Third Avenue EL reached Mott Haven, making the area more accessible to Manhattan residents.
rt Mo Port Morris Port Morris East Harlem st H Ha Harle
Island
-Rapid business and residential growth. Public transit_Subway, Bus, Metro north railroad
Bicycle route
-Public investments transformed this suburban area into a larger urban neighborhood.
7.5%
3.4%
2.9%
brooklyn
Hospitali Rates / A
manhattan
2.4%
1.1% 0.9%
Hospitalization Rates / Ages 15-34
0.6% 0.7%
9.2%
4.1% 4.0%
3.9% 2.0%
brooklyn manhattan queens staten Island
2.5% asian / other
Hospitalization Rates / Ages 0-14
bronx
5.2%
19.1%
39.1%
15.2%
29.3%
south bronx
hispanic
14.9%
bronx county
african-american
15.3%
new york state
white / non-hispanic
Unemployment Rate by Race South Bronx
Poverty Rates
united states
14.0%
8.1%
12.0%
7.7%
3.4%
1.2% 0.6% 0.2%
30.1% african-american
Unemployment Rates
asian
53.5% hispanic
1.8%
10.9%
28.6% hispanic
white / non-hispanic
33.3% white / non-hispanic
22.8%
1.5% 0.8% 0.1% two or more races american indian / alaskan native native hawaiian / pacific islander
0.7% 0.2%
4.5%
some other race / non-hspanic american indian / alaskan native
12.2%
asian
two or more races
16.0%
african-american
Bronx Population by Race
12.6%
64.7%
NY City Population by Race
hispanic
United States Population by Race
asian
Port Morris
african-american
NY Haven R.R
some other race / non-hspanic american indian / alaskan native
Third Ave. EL
Randall’s dall’s Island
white / non-hispanic
C. 1950 - Present
East Harlem
Port Morris Randall’s Island
-Older generations retired and moved leaving a predominantly Hispanic and African American population. -By the 2000s, the Bronx had a population of about 1.2 million, and its bridges, highways, and railroads were more heavily traveled than those of any other part of the United States.
Future Activity Section Current Activity
“The The he p people people ple of o communities ar mor mo o e aware awa are a re e of advantages are more they work when en th t ey w wo ork together in unity.” ity.” Mrs. Arvernet Mr Arver Arvernette rnette Henry
S U M M E R
“ple “please “ please do not nott push push more o indus industry usttry us try into iin nto the nto the bronx bron nx x tha comp mp omise om mise se thatt will compr compromise the li the live ve of others .” Alphonso Alpho Alphons lphonso others.”
CONSTRUCTING SITE DESCRIPTION: To challenge the definition of “site” as a given static location and instead see it as an actively produced definition of an urban condition; incorporating a variety of modes of investigation to map and diagram site conditions leading to the construction of a site , and a “diagnosis” of its characteristics and identifications of opportunities.
bronx
queens
staten Island
bronx brooklyn manhattan
south bronx
bronx county
-In the 1970s, the Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, causing arson and property insurance fraud.
new york state
-Large Italian and Jewish migration into the Bronx in the 1950s. united states
HISTORY How can existing inndustry be reddefined to coexist with residential?
C. 1600 - 1800
OPPORTUNITIES
ZONING
TYPE3_VACANT BUILDING with PARKING LOT SUGGESTION -Recreation
Farmers Market
TYPE 1_VACANT PARKING LOT
SUGGESTION -Community Event Park
-Farming
Mixed Use Special Mixed Use Manufacturing Residential Commercial Overlay Other
TYPE 2_VACANT BUILDING SUGGESTION -Public Apartment
2.1_Only 1st floor is occupied
Youth Rehabilitation
Cultural Activities
Office
2.2_Some parts are occupied.
Museum
Pedestrian Scale Mixed Use Zoning
Welcoming Waterfront
1.9%
2.0%
queens
staten Island
zation Ages 35+
SAINT MARYS RECREATION CENTER
RANDALLS ISLAND
“too much muc ch trash” Destiny e y age 11
Active Green way and Port
Celine Armstrong Kyung Sun Park Robert Mojica
rm3084
RESPONSE: The constructed section analyses a main access road through the South Bronx that connects the main commercial area to the waterfront. The study of information regarding history, environment, people, and zoning, lead to potential opportunities that could be inter-weaved into the existing urban content.
GLOBAL Health Care System Comparison United States vs. Australia vs. Greece vs. Hong Kong
25% 60%
UNITED STATES
Attributes
15%
69%
Causes of Death in NYC
Borough of Residence
43% - NATIONAL GOV’T 26% - STATE/TERRITORY GOV’T
7.6%
AUSTRALIA
16.8% GLOBAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
60% GREECE
44% - TAX 56% - SOCIAL INSURANCE
40%
UNIVERSAL COVERAGE
54%
TAX + REVENUE
9%
HONG KONG
36% KEY GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC FUNDING
OUT OF POCKET
PRIVATE INSURANCE
UNINSURED
Heart Disease by Community District of Residence
1% - OTHERS
254.7-403.1
Health Care Financing & Coverage
219.7-254.6 207.2-219.6 172.0-207.1
Government: Regionally
Public funding:
administer universal General tax revenue; public insurance program earmarked income tax
Health Care System (AUS, GRC, HKG)
Caps on Out Of
Low income + Elderly:
Pocket spending:
Lower cost sharing; lower OOP maximum before 80% subsidy (AUS only)
80% subsidy if exceed $1,204 (AUS only)
132.8-171.9
Private Insurance: provide access to private facilities & additional
Public funding:
Government:
Medicare: payroll tax, federal tax revenue, premiums; Medicaid: federal + state tax revenue
provide various public programs for those needed - Medicare (elderly + some disabled), Medicaid (low income), Family Health Plus (low income family), Child Health Plus (low income family), etc.
U.S. Health Care System
Private Insurance: provide primary health care services (through employer + individual; covers 60% of population); supplementary for Medicare 90
Pharmaceutical spending per capita:
$983 - USA $541 - Australia $677 - Greece $141 - Hong Kong
HKG AUS GRC
80
83.9
82.7
HKG
Age
MalignantNeoplasms(Cancer) NewYorkCity, 2009
85.9
85
USA AUS
80
80.6
79.3
$1,600 vs. $310
GRC
Annual spending on physicians per capita in United States is about 5 times higher than peer countries
77.8
144.2-159.1 134.1-144.1
USA 75.7
75
159.2-225.3
119.9-134.0 81.9-119.8
Life Expectancy Male + Female
70
$1000 $2000 $3000 $4000 $5000 $6000 $7000 $8000 $9000
Health Care Per Capita (USD)
USA 17.6%
USA $8,233
GRC 10.2%
AUS $3,670
AUS 9.1% HKG 5.1%
GRC $2,914
Health Care Expensiture (Share of GDP)
HKG $1,555
Health Care Expensiture (Per Capita)
HKG 50
USA $307,000
GRC 48 AUS $9,071
AUS 38
GRC $8,539
USA 30
HKG 2.9
Infant Mortality (Death per 1000 life birth)
S U M M E R
*Per100,000 Population
AUS 4.3 GRC 3.1
Hospital Beds (per 10,000 population)
HKG $1,100
Total Pharmaceutical Spending (Millions)
USA 6.5
URBAN SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION: to examine one urban infrastructural systems and visualize its relationship to social equity. Working across sites to understand and experiments with systematic linkages between sites and larger regional patterns, identifying potentials for public investment on a larger scale.
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTANENCE
PREer
MEMBER
COMMUNITY
TIME BANKING
CHILDCARE AND EDUCATION
HEALTH COVERAGE FUND
FEE FOR SERVIES
PR Ee r
FOOD CULTIVATION SALES AND DELIVERY
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
RESPONSE: The in depth study of Health Systems in the city of New York lead to the proposal of a “Service Bank Insurance System,’ in which individuals have the opportunity to perform community services and acquire “health credits” that could be accumulated and used in exchange for health treatment. Furthermore, the introduction of the Pre-Emergency Room mobile unit (PRE. E. R.) serves as an additional informational tool reaching out to the five Boroughs, and a smart phone app helps keep track of earned health credits.
South Bronx Community
Potential Business Model
S U M M E R DESIGN PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION: To define a clear argument for programs on site that respond to existing and future forces of change, devising a strategy that allows for the intervention to merge with the urban fabric.
Site connections to the community and Randall’s island.
Permanent Water Taxi Station provides connections to other parts of NYC, including the financial district.
RESPONSE: SOUTH BRONX FREE WATER-EDGE DISTRICT. The design proposal for the South Bronx Waterfront provides socio-economic, cultural, and spatial conditions that incentivize and nurture the full realization of its residents in equitable and sustainable manners. The proposal for the new neighborhood provides jobs, community amenities, and access to the waterfront with different size parcels that encourage both bottom-up and top-down development. The intervention acknowledges the city’s goal to promote economic growth in the industrial zone and the community’s desire for participation, access to the waterfront, and health care.
Final Plan: Reclaiming the Waterfront
S U M M E R
Top-Down Scenario
Bottom-Up Scenario
EXISTING
TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS
FINAL PROPOSAL
S U M M E R
S U M M E R
RESPONSE: “WATER YOU LOOKING AT?� The re-appropriation of fire hydrants to create a community activated summer cooling system that is safer, adaptable, and conserves water. The form of the attachment is derived from the observation of water movement and flow. The device limits the spread of water, containing it to the sidewalk for safety, with the water being captured by a funnel directing it across the surface of the device. Excess water is collected and returned to the system, while the rest travels up the surface and cascades down through a series of openings.
S U M M E R
D M U D / R N
RESPONSE: the manipulation of existing infrastructure to create new forms that alleviate the density of Times Square through verticality. The shearing and mutation of urban fabric components results in a secondary tier for pedestrian scale movement.
VIDEO STILLS
Y U
DESCRIPTION: focus on urban design representation emphasizing the ephemeral and experiential dimensions of New York City. Urban design topics are centered on an urban systems based interpretation of the city with cinematic techniques for the production of short videos, including 3d modeling animations, live video footage and sounds-capes.
MICHAEL SZIVOS | ELIZABETH BARRY | PHU DUONG | CHRISTOPHER KRONER
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LEARNING CITIES | SMARTER REGIONS FACULTY: Lee Altman Mojdeh Baratloo Jerome Chou Dongsei Kim Christopher Kroner Sandro Marpillero Justin G. Moore
S T U D I O
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DESCRIPTION: To “learn by designing� what cities learn in the shorter term and how regions can become smarter in the long run by addressing the question- if a society can and does learn, then what can and does a city / region learn?
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BLIND ATTEMPT DESCRIPTION: A fictional journey to construct a physical model illustrating the advantages and disadvantages of moving to live and work in a randomly assigned city.
RESPONSE: The model is a response to the horizontal grid nature of the city of Austin, Texas, as well as an abstract interpretation of the political reality of a liberal city (blue) in a predominantly conservative state (red string).
VIDEO STILLS
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MUTE ATTEMPT DESCRIPTION: To investigate, document, analyze, and represent through digital image an assigned area in Brooklyn, articulating the definition of urban fabric, people, texture, core, and periphery.
RESPONSE: A visual analysis of the core / periphery relationship that exists within the D.U.M.B.O area in Brooklyn though a pictorial documentation of the site and the use of G.P.S.
22%
Thom Allen Antonio Gabriele Ara Hovsepyan Robert Mojica
Current Predominant Ethnicity per Lot
White Black Median Household Income begins to rise
Asian Hispanic
$43,166/mo $41,193/mo
2000
+ 38,774
White population
Williamsburg
white population from 34% to 52%
-
Clinton Hill white population
from 34% to 52%
Bedford - Stuyvesant
white population from 4% to 25.5%
Fort Greene white population
≈
from 20% to 25%
Notable Recent Construction
+
156%
60%
2%
3%
50%
6%
1%
15%
37%
4%
BROOKLYN OAKLAND PORTLAND INDIANAPOLIS
$2.50
12%
ADULT
$1.65 YOUTH
Riders benefit economically by using light rail. According to the American Public Transit Association (APTA), a Portland resident using public transit saves $10,313 a year, based on a per gallon gas price of $3.43. 1920
1944
1950
1958
1971
1973
1978
1985
1998
2004
2010
THE PORTLAND STREETCAR LOOP
DOWNTOWN
200M
PORTLAND $75 MILLION PROVIDED BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RIDERSHIP PEAKS DURING
150M
WORLD WAR II IN PART TO LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF AUTOMOBILES AND PORTLAND’S EXTENSIVE TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE
SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR PLAN
BEAVERTON
GRESHAM
$2 MILLION GRANT TO ANALYZE TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES
100M
FURTHEST EASTERN REACH OF RAIL SERVICE
MAX OPENS ANOTHER LINE MILLIONS
UNDER BUDGET FOR A 5.8 MILE EXTENSION, ALSO FINISHED AHEAD OF SCHEDULE
THE INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC
STREET CARS 50M
TRANSIT FACED WITH A DRAMATIC
DECLINE
GRADUALLY REPLACING HORSE-DRAWN, CABLE AND STEAM POWERED LINES
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
RAIL SERVICE
METROPOLITAN AREA EXPRESS OPENS
15-MILE LINE
AS NEW SUBURBS BEYOND THE OLD TRANSIT NETWORK BECOME INCREASINGLY DEPENDENT ON THE AUTOMOBILE.
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE SUBURB OF GRESHAM AND DOWNTOWN PORTLAND.
MILWAUKIE
BANKRUPTCY
Transit Ridership in the Portland Region (Millions) INCOME
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
ESTIMATED $854 MILLION IN CONSTRUCTION SPENDING AND 14,000 JOBS
WHEN RECOMMENDED FOR 54 NEW MAJOR NEW HIGHWAY PROJECTS.
HOUSING
INCREASE
BUS ROUTES
FUTURE CONNECTION TO
TRANSIT COMPANY IS FACED WITH
TRANSIT HUB
EDUCATION
INCREASE
INCREASE 0.000000 - 250.000000
0.000000 - 15234.000000
0.000000 - 114.000000
250.000001 - 475.000000
15234.000001 - 26156.000000
114.000001 - 222.000000
475.000001 - 764.000000
26156.000001 - 37344.000000
222.000001 - 364.000000
764.000001 - 1313.000000
37344.000001 - 55693.000000
364.000001 - 600.000000
1313.000001 - 2719.000000
55693.000001 - 105991.000000
8179.000000 - 28558.000000 28558.000001 - 42386.000000
600.000001 - 1175.000000
1990
1990
1990
0.000000 - 439.000000
13.000000 - 116.000000
439.000001 - 619.000000
116.000001 - 207.000000
42386.000001 - 58750.000000
619.000001 - 842.000000
207.000001 - 312.000000
58750.000001 - 85731.000000
842.000001 - 1203.000000
312.000001 - 461.000000
1203.000001 - 2590.000000
85731.000001 - 136102.000000
461.000001 - 773.000000
2000
2000
2000
38.000000 - 394.000000
0.000000 - 39013.000000
0.000000 - 90.000000
394.000001 - 580.000000
39013.000001 - 57581.000000
90.000001 - 174.000000
580.000001 - 818.000000
57581.000001 - 82243.000000
174.000001 - 292.000000
818.000001 - 1155.000000
82243.000001 - 120978.000000
292.000001 - 462.000000 462.000001 - 962.000000
1155.000001 - 2120.000000
120978.000001 - 183799.000000
2010
2010
2010
From 1990 to 2010 income, housing, and education levels have all increased and GDP has consistently surpassed the national average. Quality of education is also increasing in the area and the region continues to increase in housing density.
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OF THE POPULATION OF INDIANAPOLIS ARE
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
MARIAN UNIVERSITY
2,500+ IVY TECH
29,000+
MARTIN UNIVERSITY
1,500+
3 5 ARE UNIVERSITIES OF THE
TOP
IUPUI INDIANA UNIVERSITY
PRIVATE EMPLOYERS IN
INDIANAPOLIS
30,000+ CREATING APPROXIMATELY
30,000 JOBS
BALL STATE INDIANAPOLIS CENTER
POPULATION RISES TO 830,000 PEOPLE
22,000+ (SATELLITE)
POPULATION RISES 8,000 TO 169,000
(Source/credits: Bing Maps, US Census 2012, Wired New York: http://wirednewyork.com/skyscrapers/new/ , Urban Research Maps: http://www.urbanresearchmaps.org/plurality/ , New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/23/nyr egion/20110123-nyc-ethnic-neighborhoods-map.html
6%
1889
POPULATION: 829,718
FIRST RAILROAD LINE TO INDIANAPOLIS
Columbia University, GSAPP, Architecture and Urban Design Studio “Learning Cities: Smarter Regions” Fall 2012
12%
ART INSTITUTE OF INDIANAPOLIS WESTERN GOVERNORS POPULATION RISES UNIVERSITY TO 730,000 PEOPLE
POPULATION RISES TO 427,000 PEOPLE
1820 1847 1855 1900
1918
1937
1950 1963 1969
1977
51%
10%
71%
2%
33%
6%
3%
17%
58%
10%
9%
1990
2006 2010 2011
The cost of public transportation has risen significantly for Portland and its surrounding metropolitan area: all free zones of transportation have been eliminated. Know as Trimet, work on transportation infrastructure continues to expand in this region and those costs have been passed on to the users. The city is expected to add 1 Million people by 2035 and this system of rail, light rail, bus, and streetcar transportation will serve as an economic driver to connect people to the core of the city from the periphery. Income, education, and the value of homes have continued to rise and the transit system, along with the number of users has increased to 105 Million rides annually. Nearly 2,400 people work to keep Trimet functioning and others have strong economic gains through building and expanding the system to connect the rails to the suburbs of Portland. The Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail Transit Project is underway and will connect the two cities. This will add more access for residents to economic opportunities and will create over 14,000 jobs from an estimated $854 million in construction spending. Though residents pay higher costs in transportation now, it will be offset by future economic opportunities. (Source/credits: Google Maps, US Census 1990, US Census 2000 US Census 2010, trimet.org, cgi.money.cnn.com/tools/costofliving/ costofliving, apta.com, quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41000, http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT, thenounproject.com, https://www. chase.com/online/commercial-bank/document/Oregon.pdf, ensnewswire.com) Columbia University, GSAPP, Architecture and Urban Design Studio “Learning Cities: Smarter Regions” Fall 2012
Thom Aaron Antonio Gabriele Ara Hovsepyan Robert Mojica
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Columbia University, GSAPP, Architecture and Urban Design Studio “Learning Cities: Smarter Regions” Fall 2012
ECONOMY/FINANCE
4%
BROOKLYN OAKLAND PORTLAND INDIANAPOLIS
Portland, Oregon CASCADIA
Thom Allen Antonio Gabriele Ara Hovsepyan Robert Mojica
Indianapolis, IN Great Lakes Region
(Source/credits: Google Maps, US Census 2012. etc....image sources, text references... e.g. 2010 GDP Data Shows Nascent Recovery in Many American Metros)
ECONOMCY/FINANCE
22%
4%
29%
INDIANAPOLIS FOUNDED AS SITE FOR NEW STATE CAPITAL
≈ Demographic Change
13%
7%
4,700+
Between 1990 and 2000, the median household income of the borough decreased along with the white population, yet both rose between 2000 and 2010. New construction projects coincide with this post-2000 shift in demographics and income, scattered throughout Brooklyn, employing construction workers and ensuring more money being spent within the borough. Perhaps the most notable of these construction projects is the contraversial site of Fulton Mall, now targeting a different audience.
49,517
+
+
Fulton Mall
5%
1%
Robert Mojica Thom Allen Antonio Gabriele Ara Hovsepyan
400 K 300 K 200 K 100 K
1860
1850
1875
1900
1852 Oakland incorporated to CA State Legislature | Shipping wharves constructed along OAK estuary.
1925
1906 Court ruling breaks southern pacific grip on port area, making the modern port of OAK possible.
1874 Shipping channel deepened to make OAK a deep water port.
1950
1975
2000
1962 1980 Port of Oakland Port of OAK begins admitting evaluates inter-modal container ships. container transfer.
1927 Port of Oakland Officially named. Oakland Airport constructed.
2025
2011 Further dredging to Top 5 Imported maintain navigation channel
Top 5 Exported
2002 Completion of rail inter-modal facility.
1915 Admiral Dewey, first vessel to dock at foot of Clay St.
2009 Completion of rail inter-modal facility.
1921 10 Miles of dock added to OAK port.
Top 5 Import Partners
Oakland, California, is located in the northern region of the state as well as being its eighth largest city, and forty-seventh largest city in the nation. Home to the Port of Oakland, it encompasses a world-class container port, a thriving airport, and an array of retail and commercial buildings. From an economic standpoint, the Port supports about 50,000 jobs in the Northern California region and impacts approximately 827,000 jobs nationwide through its policies and tenant activities. The Port receives no tax money from the city, funds its own operations, and supports businesses that provide millions in tax revenue to the City of Oakland and California overall.
Top 5 Export Partners China Ch Chi a Thailan lan and
1990 | 2010 Minority Density Increase VS Median Household Income
2000 | Port of OAK Employment Demographic Profile
OAKLAND, CA. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
2% 23%
26.5%
from 30% to 36%
56%
BUTLER UNIVERSITY
Brooklyn is undergoing major demographic changes, inevitably bringing about major economic changes. Between 2000 and 2010, the white population (now 36% of the borough) increased by nearly 40,000 individuals, while the African-American population (now 32% of the borough) decreased by nearly 50,000 individuals.
Black population
≈
white population
1%
ECONOMY/FINANCE BROOKLYN OAKLAND PORTLAND INDIANAPOLIS
Australia Taiwan Japan Others
The Port of Oakland occupies an important place in the local and regional economy. Employing over 465 dedicated and skilled professionals, the Port generates thousands more jobs for local Oakland residents and businesses.
African American
Hispanic
Sources/Credits: US Census 1990, 2000, 2010; www.thenounproject.com; www.portofoakland.com; California State Data Center Demographic Research Unit Department of Finance; Living Wages at the Port of Oakland. Carol Zabin, Michael Reich, Peter Hall. Center for Labor Research and Education, 1999; Port of Oakland Comprehensive Financial Report. Oliviér Flewellen, Financial Services Division, 2010. -
White
Downtown Brooklyn
30%
23.8%
-
2010
30%
8%
Hispanic
1990
10%
11%
14.0%
$41,193/mo
67%
138%
Asian
Other
306%
21%
38.5%
6%
33%
African American
40%
Brooklyn, NY NORTHEAST REGION
53.9%
38%
75%
ECONOMY/ FINANCE PORTLAND OAKLAND BROOKLYN INDIANAPOLIS
OAK Residents
34%
61%
1%
35.0%
42%
25%
1%
3%
Women
9% 11%
7%
Median Household Income
Year
1990
2000
2010
Columbia University, GSAPP, Architecture and Urban Design Studio “Learning Cities: Smarter Regions” Fall 2012
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3 AMERICAN REGIONS +1 DESCRIPTION: The in depth analysis of 3 primary American regions + 1 additional chosen region to bring forth the clarity of an analytical conclusion, and an additional composite synthesized diagram.
BLACK ECONOMICS/FINANCE UNITED STATES NATIONAL Thom Allen Antonio Gabriele Ara Hovsepyan Robert Mojica
PORTLAND GDP: $127,700,000,000 GBMP: $25,540,000,000
Approximately 20% of the nations GDP is composed of Black Market dealings.
OAKLAND GDP: $310,100,000,000 GBMP: $62,020,000,000
In SE Asia alone, there are at least 200-225,000 trafficked annually, and of that number, 30,000 women and children are estimated to arrive in the USA through shipping containers.
INDIANAPOLIS GDP: $79,700,000,000 GBMP: $15,940,000,000 NEW YORK CITY GDP: $1,470,000,000,000 GBMP: 294,000,000,000
UNITED STATES GDP: $14,500,000,000,000 GBMP: $2,900,000,000,000
WHAT’S IN YOUR LAPTOP?
$1,000,000,000 of illegal logging occurs in the USA. Indiana is raked eighth in the USA in illegal gun supply. 60% of students admit to using pirated software. In 2011, there was a total of 50 arrests involving sex trafficking in New York City, 23 of which occurred in Brooklyn. Black market product rankings: 1. Counterfeit Drugs: $200 Billion 2. Prostitution: $187.17 Billion 3. Counterfeit Electronics: $169 Billion 4. Marijuana: $141.80 Billion 5. Illegal Gambling: $140 Billion 6. Cocaine: $85 Billion 7. Prescription Drugs: $72.5 Billion 8. Heroin: $68 Billion 9. Software Piracy: $58.8 Billion 10. Gas and Oil Smuggling: $53.64 Billion Sources/Credits: www.gatekeeperusainc.com; www.npr.org; www.havocscope.com; Shadow economies all around the world: Model-based estimates. Ceyhun Elgin, Oguz Oztunali. VOX, May 10, 2009. Columbia University, GSAPP, Architecture and Urban Design Studio “Learning Cities: Smarter Regions” Fall 2012
RESPONSE: A comparative view of economics, finance, and cost of living in the cities of Portland, Oakland, Indianapolis, and Brooklyn The fifth slide is attempt to visualize the effects of the black market on the overall economy and how we contribute to the black market as individuals.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION: To define a clear argument for programs on site that respond to existing and future forces of change, devising a strategy that allows for the intervention to merge with the urban fabric.
RESPONSE: re_SEARCH GOWANUS. A revitalized Gowanus can become both core and periphery, fostering cooperative relationships among the many nuances that exist within its urban system. Through interactions between the polluted Canal, the communities within the area, and the introduction of new systems of educational research and development, the environmental catastrophe can become a catalyst for symbiotic revitalization. Gowanus Canal was once the industrial core responsible for the development of early Brooklyn, at one time becoming the busiest shipping waterway in the United States. Today, Gowanus Canal has declined into an overlooked periphery: a derelict toxic site of dispute. Within the polluted landscape, however, there is latent potential. The potential collaborations that arise between the business and residential communities through the introduction of an educational component can lead to the creation of innovative system of remediation and environmental awareness, systems that can be locally manufactured and ultimately deployed to other polluted sites.
PROPOSAL DIAGRAM
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY WATER QUALITY ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
VACANT
RESIDENTIAL COLLABORATION
NEW PRODUCTS
MANUFACTURE | PRODUCE
CONSUMPTION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
NON-LOCAL BUSINESS
Manhattan
LOCAL BUSINESS
Public Education Brooklyn
Commercial
Flushing Tunnel
Carroll Park
SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Promenade Flatbush Avenue
Red Hook Educational
Park Slope
Environmental
Educational Research
Watershed 3rd Avenue
Local Business Residential Non Local Business Green Infrastructure
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Whole Foods 4th Avenue
Wet We W e la et etlan lanndd Commun Com mm muuun mun unity nity ityy Educa Educ Ed uuca ucatio caattio iioonnal naaall Ce Cent Cente nte nte tr L bs La bs
Reeccrea Re reaatio tiioona tional naall Sp nal Space
Veggeta Ve Veg eettatio ion Ed Edge dgges dg
Com Co ommunit om muunnitity mun ty GGaarrd ty rde ddeen en
Doorrm Dor Wet W We eettlan lan and
Edduucca Edu cat aattional Research Ins nsstit tition ionss ion Loocal Loc a Com al mm meercia mer iaal Corr orrrriid or ido dor do dor
EEdu Ed dduucat cat attion ioonnal ion io nal al Res Resea earrchh Ins I tition oonns Propos pposedd Housingg Pro PPr roomen ro meenaade men me dde
Dooorrm DDor Wet ettlan laannd
Labbs La bs
Prroom Pro Pr meeennad men addee ade Whole Foods ds
Wet We W e lannd
EDUCATION COMMUNITY LOCAL BUSINESS NON LOCAL BUSINESS RESIDENTIAL GREEN WHOLE FOODS RESEARCH
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TOPOLOGICAL STUDY OF
FORM
JOSE SANCHEZ
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CHRISTOPHER WHITELAW
Phoenix Sprawl 1900 - 2000
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Phoenix has grown to become one of the largest cities in the United States and the center of commerce in the state of Arizona, yet it is an environment that lacks many of the pieces of the urban puzzle usually associated with cities of comparable size, including the obvious and unfortunate absence of a vibrant downtown area. With Incentives, such as encouraging existing building owners to rent ground floor frontage to small businesses for tax incentives; encouraging partnerships existing building owners and small local businesses; temporary insertions; spaces on the ground level can be used by local artist to showcase work; mandates to limit the number of entries for new buildings and provide rental space for small businesses to encourage street activity, creating continuity that encourages development of commercial corridors.
R I C
SKYE DUNCAN
GLOBAL STUDIO: 3 PERIPHERIES IN TRANSITION FACULTY: Richard Plunz Petra Kempf Geeta Mehta Victor Body Lawson Jon Conard Barbara Chenot Camus Katherine Orff Johannes Pointl S P R I N G
S T U D I O
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DESCRIPTION: A comparative urban dialogue between Vienna, Bordeaux, and Kumasi, cities that share concerns about the form of their continuing expansion and the consequent mandate for compact growth. For each city, a site is chosen as a “fragment� that can serve as a window through which to view the larger question of their respective peripheries.
S P R I N G
SITE DRIVEN RESEARCH. DESCRIPTION: A comparative study of developmental and design approaches and tools relevant to the strategic development of the peripheries in Vienna, adding to the understanding of the site through further research, and developing a broader discussion about relative urban design strategies and scenarios for the site.
RESPONSE: An expanded station that is better integrated into the non vehicular transit system, appealing to a wider range of pedestrians, decreasing private car usage and increasing mass transit. The station is expanded and re-purposed to cater to the incoming residents of the new development, while promoting public transit to existing residents.
GENESIS
1oo ad
Vienna was founded as VINDOBONA, a roman military camp that sat on the site of the current city center.
MUNICIPIUM V. MODERN
WEIN BOOM
1750 ad
212 ad
the the the are the
GERMANIA ostragoths
city was refortified and given status of a MUNICIPIUM. today, streets of the first district based around the placement of ancient roman walls and moats.
1804 ad
formation of the austrian empire as reaction to napoleon creating the first french empire. vienna remains capital.
AUSTRIA
500 ad west rome
1857 ad
romans left the camp, and the city was sieged by the barbarian german hordes. the remaining settlement was reconstructed so new homes followed the remaining walls.
byzantium
emperor franz joseph i issues decree to remove the city walls, creating a series of public spaces becoming the ringstrasse. this reinforces the viennese affection of plazas, squares, and open areas.
byzantine coins were found in the area that encompasses the current city center, indicating merchant presence and considerable trading.
1867 ad
austro-hungarian compromise which divided territories and made hungary sovereign again.
881 ad 881 ad
the first documented mention of the city during the middle ages, indicating a battle against the magyars.
vienna secession v b ding buil
the first viennese school introduces mozart, schubert, haydn, and beethoven to the world of classical music, cementing vienna as the center of the music world.
1873 ad
viennese world exposition brought about 26,000 vendors.
HOHE BRUCKE:
1897 ad
location of ancient moat
vienna secession period introduces klimt, wagner, and von alt to world of art. radical break from classical art attracts attention from europe.
1918 ad
dissolution of austrian empire. HRE forced to step aside. creation of new nations from constituents.
k t kl klim
1918 ad
S P R I N G
ISSUE DRIVEN RESEARCH. DESCRIPTION: Develop a coherent discussion related to a possible programmatic direction for the final project, engaging the basic topic of urban fabric and infrastructure within a diverse range of contexts. These include culture, social and economic strategies, natural processes, and programmatic hybrids.
RESPONSE: Examination of the cultural, historical and social movements that are essentially Vienna’s DNA. Through a historical narrative of events involving these three aspects, a “triple helix” is exposed that has shaped the city of Vienna. The accrual of these events becomes a foundation for programmatic routes with potential for each of the 3 specific sites.
S P R I N G
DESIGN PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION: Define a clearly developed design proposal addressing the intricacies of a particular site and city and is urban fabric within a global context.
VIENNA IS A CITY OF ICONS.
STRATEGY: DEN BOGEN-SPANNEN
The design approach intends to physically weave together urban fabric that has been segmented and separated by infrastructure. The proposal uses a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial programs, connected by green multi-use public spaces to stitch together disparate fabric, redeveloping underutilized areas surrounding the infrastructure. The site is transformed into a new urban experience and a duplicable model for a united periphery and a new icon: Der Bogen.
Connecting the periphery through the introduction of a new belt, or “The Bogen”.
As icons, the Ringstrasse and Gürtel have transcended symbolism over the span of their individual existences. In genesis, they were Roman walls; in adolescence they were Austro-Hungarian fortifications; in adulthood, they are landmark boulevards, weaving culture, commercial, and green space. As Vienna grew, the perception of core and periphery became quite literal. Historic walls that served as demarcations between the city and suburbia became physical boundaries between core and periphery. In the process, the periphery was left as an afterthought to the historic center. Growth brought on multiple transport systems to connect the periphery to the core, resulting in uneven and seemingly ad hoc growth near these public routes. A balanced landscape of peripheral Vienna has been replaced with satellite districts of industry, ecology, and commercial/institutionalism, designed to strengthen the core, yet remaining fragmented. The question posed is, “how would a unified periphery benefit Vienna as a whole?”
RESPONSE: DEN BOGEN SPANNEN
Vienna is growing at a pace of twenty thousand people per year. The districts comprising the core are quickly reaching critical mass, with zoning and tourism restricting their population capacity. The periphery can absorb that density overflow, but it is not well connected by public transportation systems. Movement from one periphery location to another requires travel through the core due to the lack of effective lateral connection. These sectors continue to grow disconnected from each other, sharing limited resources, essentially as segments hovering in isolation. The proposal intends to re-imagine the periphery. With the site as a prototype, the peripheral urban fabric can be remade to promote cross-lateral connections. Datum lines from existing green, public, and open spaces surrounding the site provide a framework to re-organize and stimulate the growth of a promising relationship between new development and existing transit systems. This model can be replicated along Der Bogen at moments of overlap between layers of infrastructure, remaining sensitive to their site-specific conditions. Den Bogen-Spannen is a conceptual link between segmented pieces of the periphery. Districts that share similar qualities and characteristics can then be stitched together to promote cross-lateral relationships. The potential of these similarities justifies investments in multi-use developments and integrated transportation sectors. This allows Der Bogen to become a magnet, promoting even growth for Vienna as a whole and reconnecting the previously separated communities.
ANALYSIS - RINGSTRASSE
A) Growth was limited to the boundaries of the fortifications. Those walls became an impediment to development. Once removed, the relationship between core and periphery became more easily mitigated.
B) A radial plan produced the duplicable “ring road” strategy. If used improperly, however, the ring road allows the core to be strengthened, with small benefit to the periphery, creating pockets of “ad hoc” and uneven densities.
C) The Viennese U-Bahn transportation system is introduced to facilitate porosity, transforming those limits into thresholds and stimulating growth.
ANALYSIS - GURTEL
A) As densities became better integrated, the periphery expanded beyond the Gurtel. The Gurtel was the site of the historic “linienwallen” fortification which was transformed into a series of roads as well as open and public spaces.
S P R I N G
B) The districts outside the Gurtel also follow a similar development arc: pockets of uneven densities that manifest due to the prominence of the primary connection to the core.
C) The proximity of the districts to the core and an efficient transportation system allowed the Gurtel to densify. But what happens to the areas that aren’t as well connected as you move further away from the ring roads?
ANALYSIS - PERIPHERY
A) The U-Bahn system is designed to facilitate the needs of the core; the same lines that connect the inner districts disconnect the periphery. In order to move efficiently within the periphery using public transportation, one must first move through the core.
cultural housing public/open industrial commercial
B) The periphery maintains a consistent level of similar programs to the inner rings, as well as a relationship to each neighboring district, yet, it is physically segmented due to the lack focus on the east-west stitching of peripheral fabric. The result is uneven density.
The evolution of a radial city and the Viennese periphery segmentation caused by infrastructure.
1548 [Fortification]
S P R I N G
1704 [Linienwallen]
1857 [Ringstrasse Built]
1873 [Gurtel Built]
1976 [U-Bahn Built]
2001 [U-Bahn Extended]
2010 [U-Bahn Extended]
RINGSTRASSE LIESING FABRIC: SEGMENTS
DER BOGEN GURTEL
LIESING FABRIC: INTEGRATED
Industrial Node
Ecological Node
Waterline Node
S P R I N G
SITE
In breaking down the peripheral fabric, segmented areas are located hovering in isolation, and have developed as satellite districts to the core. Since this urban methodology cannot manifest uniform density, potential interchanges that could stimulate urban growth with lateral stitching are diagrammed.
Existing networks/nodes of industry, ecology, and waterlines.
Relationship between the node and core. The size/thickness represents level of recent growth.
This segmentation reoccurs in physical form at almost every scale. Zooming in to the scale of the district, unevenly dispersed urban development is observed.
TO CORE
Liesing U-BAHN City Limits: Perceived Hard Edge
The U-Bahn has acted as a boundary rather than a threshold, and has moments of almost zero porosity between east and west.
Potential synergies between nodes to create a hierarchy of connections.
Model of a unified periphery.
The potential of developing the train station as a duplicable destination space and social attractor arises, culminating with a process of densification.
TO/FROM CORE
This also allows the perceived edge of Vienna to become porous, and potentially push expansion southwards, redeveloping Liesing as a new node, instead of a satellite district
Liesing
City Limits: Threshold
EXISTING OPEN SPACE
Car Bus Bike Train
EXISTING CIRCULATION
EW NS
EXISTING NS | EW CONNECTIONS
S P R I N G
Distributing density along the U-Bahn line.
Assigning program/ function to each density
Arranging densities to react to the nodes identified in framework. Proposed movement through site.
Connecting those nodes to our framework
DESIGN STRATEGY Consolidation, and extrapolation of the existing patterns of open space and circulation. This would become a “parti� diagram - the framework used to inform both program placement and allotment of open space, and new public and private circulation routes in the process of stitching the site to its context. Within this framework, nodes of possible continuation through the U-Bahn line are discovered to inform further development.
Alterlaa
Erlaaer
PHASE ONE Phase one focuses on the initial developer plots. The program placed is housing: subsidized/unsubsidized on the southern sites, and high end luxury on the northernmost site, as well as the beginning development of the public east-west connections via a pedestrian route. Current Phase EW connections Established EW connections Current Phase expansion
S P R I N G
PHASE TWO Phase two propagates density with additional housing and a central park. The selected plots reflect the need for westward connections. New eastwest automobile, bicycle, and public pedestrian paths, along with semipublic north-south routes are introduced establishing a micro-network. The commercial development along the U-Bahn line is also initiated, with a new nodal connection to the Alt-Erlaa station.
PHASE THREE Phase three bridges new development to existing automobile routes to the south, increasing accessibility. Community services, cultural centers, a small park, and extensions to pedestrian and bicycle routes are introduced. Expansion along the U-Bahn continues, connecting the development to a new nodal connection at the Erlaaer station.
Proposed road expansion pattern Private Circulation
Proposed public pedestrian circulation
Semi Public Circulation
Public Circulation
Proposed semi public pedestrian circulation
PHASE FOUR Phase four completes the development. Additional mixed-income housing and the completion of commercial development along the U-Bahn line with office space and high end residential are introduced. The new public circulation network is now extended through the U-Bahn, connecting to the east side of the tracks, stitching together these previously segmented pieces. Mapping of the relationships between the east-west axis of public and semi-public spaces, as well as the north-south axis of private circulation spaces within the site.
COMPLETE BUILD-OUT
S P R I N G
Section through our northernmost site, contextualized in black in key plan. Relationship between the private built fabric and public adjacent green space changes moving to/ from the Alt-Erlaa station node.
S P R I N G
Section through our housing typology, in central site, contextualized in black in key plan. Relationship between private built fabric and public adjacent green space changes moving through the central park.
S P R I N G
S P R I N G
RETHINKING B
BIM
MARK GREENE
RESTORING THE GARDEN OF EDEN The return of the Arab Marshes through infrastructural economic triggers and international water trust developments.
TIGRIS / EUPRHATES RIVER SYSTEMS
MARSH ARAB CULTURE CAUSES AND EFFECTS
S P R I N G
INFRA. RESILIENCE PUBLIC
ARAB MARSH REDUCTION
SPACE
MORANA STIPISIC | BRY SARTE
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
S P R I N G
RAINY SEASON MA’DAN
DRY SEASON MA’DAN
INTERFACE POINT
INTERFACE POINT
COMMUNITY SPACE