Re-framing hypotheses

Jefore refers to a traditional grass-covered road with households settled on both sides in the Gurage socio-ecological production landscape in Ethiopia. The Jefoure roads enhance the people’s quality of life and provide 12 contributions of nature to people, such as food, water, fuelwood, medicine, and cultural services1. Another source2 describes the Gurage people as a group that formed village settlements based on the ecological conditions linked to Jefoure roads and Enset culture. Enset is a root crop that is cultivated as a staple food by the Gurage people23.

To imitate the Gurage people settlement pattern to the urban settlement of Wolkite city JNP area, W e considered the following factors:

1. The availability and suitability of land for Enset cultivation and Jefoure roads

2. The socio-economic, cultural, and religious characteristics of the urban population

3. The potential benefits and challenges of integrating traditional and modern practices

4. The environmental impacts and sustainability of the settlement pattern