Thesis studio09_Housing for single parents with ASD child_Jun Wang_Unimelb

THESIS STUDIO 09 Housing for single parents with ASD child

Thesis studio 09: Designing for Neurodiversity Studio leader: Andrew Martel & Kirsten Day Student name: Jun Wang Student number: 1012884

ABPL90169_2021_S1E DESIGN THESIS Thesis Studio 09 Designing for Neurodiversity Master of Architecture Melbourne School of Design

ALONE WE ARE STRONG, TOGETHER WE ARE STRONGER.

| THESIS STATEMENT

Raising a child with autism would have a profound impact on all aspects of single-parent family life, including community relationships, mental health and financial status.

According to the ABS Survey, in 2015, around 1 in 150 Australians had autism, and only about 4780 people applied for accommodation support¹.

It is difficult for single parents to balance between housekeeping, working and childcare, and some of the social housing could not provide comprehensive community support services.

This thesis project aims to alleviate the housing problem by exploring the featured living model.

The house-sharing community model serves as a sustainable platform that connects single parents who are home-sharers with home-seekers for the purpose of co-living.

¹ Autism in Australia - https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/autism-in-australia/contents/autism ABS Survey : the Australian Bureau of Statistics Survey

| CONTENTS

CONTENT THESIS STATEMENT

APARTMENT ANALYSIS

PROJECT VISION

HOUSING ANALYSIS SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CONTEXT BACKGROUND RESEARCH - DATA ANALYSIS THE CHALLENGES METHODOLOGY OPPORTUNITY PERSONAS PRIMARY DESIGN BRIEF INTERVIEW SURVEY PRECEDENT PRACTICE PRECEDENT RESEARCH

SITE SELECTION RICHMOND CENSUS SITE LOCATION LAYERED SITE ANALYSIS SITE APPROACH CONCEPT BEFORE FORM CO-LIVING HOME CONCEPT DIAGRAM DESIGN PROPOSAL APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY

＜ BACKGROUND ＜ DESIGN CONTEXT ＜ CHALLENGE ＜ OPPORTUNITY

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| PROJECT VISION

THE CHALLENGES Single-parent families raising children with autism face greater challenges than other families, such as social isolation, loneliness, time allocation, and financial disadvantages. Because single parents need to bear the pressure of daily expenses independently, they tend to choose social housing to reduce the burden, however, some communities may not provide comprehensive community service support to children with autism.

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METHODO

This thesis project new living model, w parents families to part of the apartmen others, thereby redu burden, increasing interacting with oth neighborhood relati

OLOGY

t aims to create a which guides singleo try to rent out a nt and share it with ucing the financial g the possibility of hers, and activating ionships.

OPPORTUNITIES The co-living community provides more possibilities for the housing difficulties of the single parent family. This sharehome will focus on the following aspects: manipulate different levels of private living spaces, an affinity public sharing area, the construction of a healing community space, and the selection of building materials useful for rehabilitation.

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| CONTEXT

What is Autism?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each persons¹.

¹ Jones, S. C., Akram, M., Gordon, C. S., Murphy, N., & Sharkie, F. (2021). Autism in Australia: Community Knowledge and Autistic People’s Experien ² https://www.facebook.com/singlemotherswhohavechildrenwithautism/

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Autism is : Unable to speak maybe speaking too much Hugging everyone disliking touch Escaping outside trying to hide Excitedly flapping Inappropriate clapping Autism varies so much Won't wear a coat, or wears one all year round Fussy eater, or would eat dirt from the ground Screaming or humming Annoyingly drumming Toys in a line The same way every time Autism varies so much Struggling to learn, or has wonderful gifts Obsessions of numbers, trains, films or lifts Spinning around Throws things on the ground Constantly spitting Aggressively hitting Autism varies so much Alone without friends, or controls every game Always looks different, always dresses the same Swinging on doors Head banging on floors Freaks at the dryer Keeps climbing higher Autism varies so much.

Can't answer questions, won't do as their told In their own world or bossy and bold Over prepared Anxious and scared A spectrum so wide

But they all bring us pride When autism touches our lives.

- Author Unknown²

nces. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-13.

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| BACKGROUND

16400

83%

In 2015, the ABS reported there were 164,000 Australians with an autism diagnosis. Autism prevalence rate up by an estimated 40% to 1 in 70 people.

83% of Australians with autism were aged under 25.

$34900 The median family cost of ASD was estimated to be AUD $34,900 per annum.

Figures:(pic2/3/4)https://www.mghclaycenter.org/parenting-concerns/families/experience-helping-children-autism-story-hope/ (pic middle)https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/parenting/toddler/autism-early-diagnosis.html (pic3/6)https://www.huffpost.com/entry/3-reasons-why-single-moms_b_9298980 (pic5)https://www.villagevoice.com/2020/08/19/black-metropolis-a-single-mother-bucks-the-system/ Data collection: Autism in Australia Web report - https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/autism-in-australia/contents/autism Single family/single mother data: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-status-families/l Living cost: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-14/wa-study-puts-price-on-autism-diagnosis/5737070

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Challenge Single parent family of children with autism spectrumdisorders are rarely studied, yet they may experienceunique stressors.

1 million 1 million (14.2%) were one parent families with 79.3% of these being single mothers.

77% Most mothers (77 %) were at risk for clinical depression.

latest-release

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| RESEARCH - DATA ANALYSIS

Figure1

Context Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition.

There are approximately 16,400 people in Australia with autism, 83% of whom are teenagers. Compared with ordinary families, the daily expenses of families raising children with autism are relatively higher.

Main s for ND aged 1

Most of the costs are due to a lack of employment opportunities as the parents have to stay at home to take care of their children with autism. In addition, they cannot get the community support they need. Besides the financial burden, the emotional and psychological costs have far more impact on the family.

For single-parent families, this group needs extra supports. They need to independently bear the pressure brought by the possible social environment.

Although single mothers are in a difficult situation, they have not been well reflected in many studies discussing childbearing sons and daughters with ASD.

Figure3: Pre Ma

Based on the above research background, this project focuses on single-parent families raising children with autism, intending to explore more possibilities for the group.

Data collection: ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2010. Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2009, TableBuilder. Findings based on the use of Table ABS 2014. Autism in Australia, 2012. ABS cat. no. 4428.0. Canberra: ABS. ABS 2016b. Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2015, TableBuilder. Findings based on the use of TableBuilder data.

AIHW 2016b. Disability support services: services provided under the National Disability Agreement 2014–15. Bulletin 134. Cat. no. AUS APA (American Psychiatric Association) 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition. Washington, DC: APA.

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Figure2

source of income DA service users 16 and over with autism

NDA service users with autism

Source of income

Service group *43,500 NDA service users had autism

Disability support pension

Community support services

Not in the labour force

Employment services

Unemployed

Respite services

Employed

Community access services

Received another pension or benefit

Accommodation support

Only some people with autism can earn income through work, and most of them need care at home and support from the government and society.

evalence of autism, by age group, 2009, 2012 and 2015 ainly for children and teenagers, requiring long-term care by parents

eBuilder data.

S 200. Canberra: AIHW.

More than half of NDA service users most need community support services while only 11% of people get accommodation support.

Figure4: Informal care

Informal care - Informal caregivers are those who provide regular and continuous care and assistance to people in need, such as family members, friends or neighbors.

Informal caregivers regularly provide care and assistance to 84% of NDA service users with autism. The most common informal caregiver is the mother of the service user (88%), followed by the father (7%).

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| RESEARCH - DATA ANALYSIS Table 1- (a) Variables associated with single mothers of children with ASD, and (b) variables associated with single mothers of children with ASD with demographic variables

Ta

According to data analysis, single mothers have more stressors than coupled mothers. Single mothers often need to cope with daily stress without the support of an intimate partner.

This is different from coupled mothers in that they can share the burden of each other while sharing the parental burden.

Family and other social support play a vital role in managing stressors and sharing the parental responsibilities of single mothers of children with autism. Single mothers will purposefully choose social support networks when choosing houses, but not all communities can provide targeted support.

Finding reliable social support can be a challenge. Most children with autism need occupational therapy or psychology, but some communities do not have the above functions.

Therefore, when most single mothers are raising children with ASD, they will relieve stress by themselves and find reasonable coping methods. ¹Table1/2: McAuliffe, T., Cordier, R., Vaz, S., Thomas, Y., & Falkmer, T. (2017). Quality of life, coping styles, stress levels, and time use in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders: Comparing single versus coupled households. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(10), 3189-3203.

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Co

able 2 - Factor loadings for analysis of brief COPE items

oping strategies that single mothers are concerned about: More common response methods: Take action to change the situation. Choose a strategy that can be handled. Choose to do other things to change and improve the lighting of the environment.

Support needed by single-parent families: life support, emotional and spiritual encouragement and mutual sharing, community service support with professional skills and corresponding knowledge reserves.

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| THE CHALLENGES

Focus- single parents with ASD child Families with single parents will show different living conditions due to different personal circumstances. In single-parent families in Australia, the number of single mothers is 3.34 times that of single fathers¹. In order to take care of children with autism, single parents choose to take care of their children at home, while some still need to choose full-time work to maintain daily expenses.

There are also some single parents who cannot find a job, or can only find some part-time jobs, or have retired.

The common problem they face is the inability to adjust child care, work and housekeeping.

Compared with coupled mothers, single mothers need to overcome more difficulties in their daily lives, such as social isolation, loneliness, finding employment opportunities, financial disadvantages, and caring for children with autism.

The help of the community and the targeted accommodation environment can greatly reduce the pressure on their lives.

The desire of the single family can be summarized as the following aspects: a suitable child's residence, access to community services and medical security, and cost-effective housing options.

¹https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-status-families/latest-release

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| METHODOLOGY

Solving Poverty and Isolation Co-living community In response to the above situation, a new living model will be explored. The community will serve as a platform for sustainable development, providing personalised matching service for share houses. The community will guide single families living in this community to try to rent out part of apartments and share with others, thereby reducing the financial burden.

This is a new type of living that can increase the possibility for members of single-parent families to interact with others and enhance neighbourhood relationships.

Single-parent families become homesharers who can cut down the cost of living. Meanwhile, the load of household duties such as cooking and cleaning can be shared.

And their new roommates may be asylum seekers, homeless people, lonely retired people, the elderly, or people from disadvantaged backgrounds.

By living together, both households could use less money to make a higher standard of living, and at the same time, it reduces the loneliness of the residents.

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| METHODOLOGY

Home seeker selection When single-parent families choose roommates, some eldly group may be suitable to become home seekers.

In Australia, the elderly, the homeless, the retired, the lonely, and the elderly women are all groups that cannot be ignored.

They need housing and companionship.

This community can become a positive bridge that can link disadvantaged groups together.

For example, if an elderly woman joins this home share program, she will experience true friendship, learn new skills, and rent reductions. If some autistic children from single-parent families need extra care, the roommate can provide them with an average of several hours of company each week, as well as light housework such as cleaning, cooking, and guidance, in order to obtain rent reduction.

data collection: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2014. Australian historical population statistics, 2014. ABS cat. no. 3105.0.65.001. Canberra: ABS. ABS 2017. Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2016. ABS cat. no. 3101.0. Canberra: ABS. United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017) World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision

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n.

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| OPPORTUNITY

Benefits for Home sharer and Home seeker For Home sharer: Allows for a higher standard of living for a lesser amount Sharing the load Future job security Share stories and mood,mental health and resilience Reduce mortgage defult healthier lifestyle outcomes

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For Home seeker: Help take care of children with autism to get rent reduction Not feeling alone Sharing household duties; cooking, cleaning Get a new accommodation, a safer neighbourhood Irradicate homeless

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| OPPORTUNITY

Design approach A shared house is a rental place that separates shared space from private rooms, and residents can gather together to 'share' and 'exchange' in a new way of life.

The shared space of a shared house includes a lounge where residents can gather together, a kitchen, a shower room and a bathroom.

The apartments in the entire community will also be equipped with other basic service facilities for everyone to use. For example, theaters, fitness studios, music rooms, and community support service centers.

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| PERSONAS According to this project, three personas are displayed, presenting their daily life and daily requirements.

Mother Name: Stacey Haley “I literally have only several hours a week that I can count on, when I know my kids are at an activity where I don't have to be with them or I'm not at work. I have a COUPLE OF HOURS TO MYSELF a week.At other times, it is TOO BUSY. I feel LONELY.”

Age: 32 Characteristic: This family is very sensitive. The pressure of life left her breathless. She not only needs exhaustion from doing everything by herself, but also maintaining a full-time job.

So she feel losing friends and family, feeling so isolated for a long time.Even if People don't - get it, she still chooses to be a Super-human amount of work involved in every aspect of her child's care.

Benefits for Stacey Haley： May help her lead a more independent life and make her life more fulfilling.

She will meet like-minded people, and her friendship will continue to grow.

Daily housework can be undertaken together and shared with each other.

She can also have the time at her disposal and get a better job.

Line pics：https://www.shutterstock.com/pt/search/%22woman+drawing+line%22

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Daily timeline ： Stacey Haley

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| PERSONAS

Child Name: Luka “Every time the course hopes to increase the number and type of interactions with luka. Let luka adapt to how to communicate with different groups of people in the way of games.The rest of the time belongs to the family.

NEED COMPANY.” Age: 5 Characteristic: She was recently diagnosed with autism. Luka can speak a lot and can speak a recognizable word. She recently started participating in EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION CLASSES for ASD learners four days a week, six hours a day.

Benefits for Luka： Someone at home can accompany her and guide her through vocational training and psychological counseling.

The family's daily expenses have been reduced, and she has more opportunities to participate in community counselling classes and rehabilitation training camps.

Line pics：https://www.shutterstock.com/pt/search/%22woman+drawing+line%22

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Daily timeline ： Luka

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| PERSONAS

Tenant Name: Michelle “I am a divorced elderly who has retired, and I now have a lot of disposable time every day, so I want to find some simple jobs to subsidize my daily expenses.

I like to choose a SHARED APARTMENT BECAUSE I CAN MEET A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THAT COMMUNITY. I like a lively environment and want to meet more people so that I don't usually feel lonely...”

Age: 55 Characteristic: Retired divorced elderly.

She is a kind single old man who has retired. She likes cooking and reading. Italian cuisine is her best dish. After retiring, she chose to come to Melbourne, a brand new city, and she chose Haley's rental apartment. The rent of the shared apartment is cost-effective, and she can also help share housework and take care of Luka.

Benefits for Michelle： She will not be homeless, she can choose to live in a safer community and have a better neighbor environment.

Becoming a disabled roommate is a rewarding experience and may have a profound impact on her life. She will experience true friendship, learn new skills, and enjoy a cost-effective life.

Line pics：https://www.shutterstock.com/pt/search/%22woman+drawing+line%22

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Daily timeline: Michelle

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| PRIMARY DESIGN BRIEF

HOUSING FOR SINGLE PARENTS WITH ASD CHILD WHERE BELONGS TO US Objectives: A new living model. Through co-housing, single families with children with autism can have more opportunities to improve their living standards.

First target audience: Single family with autism child.

Second target audience: Homeless people/retired eldly/student...

Scope of the project: Melbourne, Australia

Available materials: Environmentally friendly materials, sound-absorbing materials.

Type: Low-rise building Dwelling- 20-25units with GYM/Coffee shop/BBQ area/ Convenience store/Communication Center/meeting place..

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Challenges: For Community

How to update a new type of community housing to be more friendly to single parents with ASD child?

What kind of community service does Single parents with ASD child hope the new type of community will provide?

For home： What is the desire for residence in single-parent families and the elderly?

How to reasonably allocate the privacy of the space to improve the comfort of the members of the family?

Opportunitis: For Community Safer neighborhood environment Mental health and resilience Irradicate homelessness Healthier lifestyle outcomes Reduce mortgage default Assist domestic violence victims Future job security

For home： A higher standard of living for a lesser amount The design is accessible for all bodies and ages Diversified design Different levels of privacy Sharing the load.

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| INTERVIEW SURVEY

The living environment needs of single-parent families raising c

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children with disabilities

Through online surveys and database analysis, the questionnaire asked 31 groups of random sample single-parent families in terms of family background, lifestyle, and living environment, and sorted out the data to show the vision of most families. For related questionnaire questions and forms, please see appendixA+B attached at the end.

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＜ PRECEDENT

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| PRECEDENT PRACTICE

FIRST PLACE SUPPORTIVE HOUSING Living in first place：

Community life in first place

Book club

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Unique opportunities

Dance& movie

Wellness

pics :https://www.firstplaceaz.org/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/community-life/ resource: https://www.firstplaceaz.org/wp-content/uploads/FP-PAD-2162-Booklet_ONLY_al_11.06.20.pdf

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Meditation

Social group

1 bedroom -Open-Concept Kitchen/Living/Dining Space

2 bedroom -Open-Concept Kitchen/Living/Dining Space

Floor plans

public space

private space

The ‘first place’ apartment that provides a targeted residence for adults with autism, Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury and other special abilities is a case worth studying.

These disadvantaged groups face unique challenges in their daily lives. Therefore, a supportive and caring community is what they need. First place offers more possibilities for interdependent housing.

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| PRECEDENT RESEARCH

SHARE HOUSE LT JOSAI

by Naruse Inokuma Architects Japanese firm Naruse Inokuma Architects has designed a shared house in Nagoya with communal areas for eating, cooking and relaxing that encourage the residents to interact in different ways.

The designer’s idea is to create a space where complete strangers naturally continue to share.

Floor plans

share space pics :https://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/29/share-house-by-naruse-inokuma-architects/

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The whole building is three stories high, with bedrooms distributed all around, and the gap between them is the openplan living room, dining room and kitchen area, and the carpet space on the first floor. At the beginning of the design of the building, a three-dimensional perspective was considered.

Shared and personal spaces are studied at the same time. By arranging individual rooms in a three-dimensional manner, multiple areas are established in the remaining shared space, each with a different sense of comfort.

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| APARTMENT ANALYSIS

General questions: · 5 questions as a design guide for people with autism.

Q1.Sight Lines How to arrange the rooms so that the occupants have a clear line of sight and the spaces seem to flow well with each other?

Q2.Social Interaction Is there an opportunity for residents to have more opportunities to socialize?

Q3.Public vs Private Are there different levels of privacy in this space?

Q4.Adaptability Can this space be easily modified according to the different characteristics of the occupants?

Q5.Noisy vs Calm Is there a clear division between noisy and calm space?

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General Criteria - Analysis Rubrics:

1

2

3

4

5

Q1

All spaces have the possibility of being interacted with by neighbors.

Q2

There is no social The whole community The entire community The entire community possibility in the entire has some social provides most of the provides a social living environment. functions. social area. area and guides the residents.

The entire community provides a social platform, and there are related functional spaces to activate the social vision of residents.

Q3

There is no obvious boundary between public space and private space.

There is a rough separation between public space and private space.

Public space and private space are arranged in an orderly manner, and semiprivate spaces are produced.

Public space, private space and semi-private space are arranged according to the living habits of residents.

Adjust the privacy density of different levels with the living space.

Q4

The entire living space is not friendly to the handicapped, and there is no possibility of subsequent modification.

The furniture placement and some interior materials in the living area can be replaced.

Part of the home and space divisions in the living area can be modified as needed.

Most of the furniture and walls can be adjusted according to the needs of residents to meet the needs of different disabled people.

Most of the furniture and walls can be customized according to the needs of residents and provide customized services.

Q5

The areas of noisy and calm are not clearly separated, they are chaotic spaces.

The areas of noisy and calm are separated, and no related materials/partitions are excessively performed.

The areas of noisy and calm are functionally separated, and most of the spaces use specific materials/partitions for transition.

Specific materials and partitions divide most of the noisy and calm areas naturally to ensure the feelings of the residents at different time periods.

The specific materials and partitions naturally divide all the noisy and calm areas in the living space to ensure the feelings of residents in different time periods.

Most of the bedrooms may be overlooked, and there is no clear line of sight in the house.

Part of the private space will not be over-exposed, and the rooms are clearly separated but with a general sense of flow.

With most of the private space, the bedroom or bathroom can be adjusted through curtains.

All the private spaces will not be monitored, and the fluidity between the rooms is perfect.

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

General Comments： · Clear functional partitions minimize the area of the circulation area. The circulation of indoor life will not disturb each other. · The living space faces the north, you can enjoy the sunlight from the north, and the whole house is transparent from north to south. · The kitchen area can meet the needs of single-person living, and the combination of the dining area and the kitchen island can save space to a certain extent.

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Re-draw plan resource:https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/overview/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/floor-plans-pricing/

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

General Comments： · Compared with the 1b apartment, the 1c apartment has a better living experience, and the space planning is more generous. · The circulation area is relatively more, providing more possibilities for adaptability. Space is reserved for the adjustment of furniture in the future living environment. · The bathroom is separated from the kitchen, and the whole living room feels better. The bathroom is similar to the bedroom, which can better respond to the living needs of the occupants. |

Re-draw plan resource:https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/overview/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/floor-plans-pricing/

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

General Comments： · The master bedroom, living room and dining room all have an excellent north orientation. · The service area is relatively concentrated, and the circulation space does not account for a large proportion. · The entrance to the door can only see the corridor, ensuring a certain degree of privacy. · Although the second bedroom is installed on the west side, it has advantages in functional convenience and is close to the public bathroom. And the entrance and exit are not directly facing the living room. |

Re-draw plan resource:https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/overview/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/floor-plans-pricing/

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

General Comments： · Great living area. The overall comfort is better than 2A. The living room and two bedrooms are facing north, with better lighting and ventilation. And to ensure privacy. · The service area is concentrated in the south, with obvious dynamic and static divisions. · The wall will be seen at the entrance, which makes the line of sight to a certain extent too clear. · The door of the master bedroom faces the living room and dining room, which will affect privacy. It may be affected by noise. |

Re-draw plan resource:https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/overview/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/floor-plans-pricing/

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

Re-draw plan resource: https://www.archdaily.com/497357/lt-josai-naruse-inokuma-architects

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| HOUSING ANALYSIS

Genera

· Apartm first floo area on · Centra extent, · The di the resi

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Re-draw plan resource: https://www.archdaily.com/497357/lt-josai-naruse-inokuma-architects Pics: https://www.archdaily.com/497357/lt-josai-naruse-inokuma-architects/534df31ac07a80b7ca000068-lt-josai-naruse-inokuma-archi

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al Comments：

ments with 13 bedrooms have a high demand for shared living space. The or is mainly used as a visiting room for dining and visitors, and the living n the 1st floor can better serve the residents. alized toilets can improve the efficiency of the service area to a certain although there will be some inconvenience for the 1st and 2nd residents. inning area and kitchen occupies a large area, which can better provide idents with the possibility of socializing.

itects-photo

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＜ SITE STRATEGY ＜ DESIGN APPROACH

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| SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Site Selections: · 5 questions specific to your criteria for site selection.

Q1.A Great Neighbour What kind of surrounding communities and surrounding business districts are positive and beneficial to disadvantaged families? · Mutual aid community · Restaurant/Cafe/Grocery Q2.Developer Mix/ Shared space Which functional area needs to be provided in the entire apartment, which can respond to the mixed and diversity of residence and share it with all residents? · Share kitchen · Communal laundry · Fitness/sports area ......

Q3.Accessibility Does this community have convenient transportation to meet the different travel requirements of residents? · Tram stop · Train station · Bus station ......

Q4.Community Support Can adequate support be provided in the community? · Education · Job opportunities - offices Q5.Sustainable Are there green spaces or gardens around the site? · Park · Gardens · Open air gym

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resource: https://www.abs.gov.au/ https://www.transcorpremovalsandstorage.com.au/best-suburbs-to-live-in-melbourne/

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* The

Dom Melb facto shop of tra Melb

e Best Suburbs to Live in Melbourne

main Group released the 10 best suburbs to live in bourne in 2020. Suitable suburbs need to consider many ors, such as the suitability of lifestyle, the proximity of pping and entertainment venues, and the convenience avel. Most of the suburbs are located within 5km from bourne CBD. 55

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| SITE SELECTION

Richmond A suburb in high demand · Within 5km from CITY · Knocking on the door of Melbourne’s CBD · 400 trains a day from Richmond · Near Church St: Cultural diversity meets creative industry · Diverse restaurants and cafes · Creative and Convenient · Public gardens

Richmond is a vibrant and prosperous village less than 3 kilometres from the city centre. This is a village full of restaurants and cafes, and a place with all the conveniences.

Church Street is a street full of creativity and cultural diversity in the area. Numerous furniture stores and industrial parks have brought life to this area.

In Richmond, there are green parks, public gardens and tree-lined streets that can be reached quickly. It is very close to the yarra river, and jogging is a favorite way of life here. The convenient MCG and Rod Laver Arena mark the vitality of richmond.

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| RICHMOND CENSUS

Families and Dwellings After referring to the census data on richmond released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, a suitable target group and general housing structure were found and determined in the community.

Current situation-background From the distribution of the data, it can be seen that in the population composition of the suburbs of Richmond, single-parent families account for 13.7%, and singleparent parents are mainly women (83.6%).

Most of the dwelling structure is flat or apartment, which shows that residential density needs to be considered. The distribution of apartment types is relatively even, which can meet the needs of different types of families. It can be seen from Tenure's chart that the rental housing market is very active in Richmond. Most of the customer groups for rented houses are mainly family tenants.

Family co

Coup

Coup

One

Othe

*Of the fam couple familie families witho parent familie

Number

1 bed

2 bed

3 bed

4 or m

Age - aged 50 and over The median age of Richmond's population is 33 years old. Children aged 0-14 accounted for 11.0% of the total population, and those aged 50 and over accounted for 23.9% of the total population.

This group is also the group of home seekers that the project should pay attention to.

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Numb

*In Richmon 19.4% had 1 and 25.7% ha

resource: https://www.abs.gov.au/ data collection: https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SED27003?opendocumen

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omposition in richmond

Single (or lone) parents

Dwelling structure

ple family without children

Male

Separate house

ple family with children

Female

Semi-detached/row or terrace house, townhouse etc

e parent family

Flat or apartment

er family

milies in Richmond, 28.8% were es with children, 53.9% were couple out children and 13.7% were one es.

of bedrooms

Other dwelling *In Richmond , 16.4% of single parents were male and 83.6% were female.

Tenure(Occupied private dwellings)

*Of occupied private dwellings in Richmond, 13.4% were separate houses, 36.6% were semidetached, row or terrace houses, townhouses etc, 48.9% were flat or apartments and 0.6% were other dwellings.

Household composition

droom

Owned outright

Family households

drooms

Owned with a mortgage

Single (or lone) person households

drooms

Rented

Group households

more bedrooms

Other tenure type

ber of bedrooms not stated

Tenure type not stated

nd,of occupied private dwellings bedroom, 44.6% had 2 bedrooms ad 3 bedrooms.

*Of occupied private dwellings in Richmond, 18.3% were owned outright, 22.4% were owned with a mortgage and 55.9% were rented.

*In Richmond, of all households, 53.3% were family households, 32.9% were single person households and 13.8% were group households.

nt

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| SITE LOCATION

Site selection: 17-27 James St Total Area : 1245sqm Considering the surrounding neighbourhood and the green environment, 17-27 James Street is chosen as the site of this project, covering a site area of 1245sqm. |

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| LAYERED SITE ANALYSIS

FIGURE GROUND 20-minute neighbourhoods · Walking time Coles Richmond - 9mins East Richmond Station - 5mins Barkly Gardens - 1mins Richmond Hill Medical Centre - 6mins · Building height The surrounding buildings are mainly 1-3 stories high, so the final number of floors determined by the project is about 3 floors, which will not give the surrounding buildings a high sense of oppression. · Access Close to Church Street and Swan Street.

Multiple transportation options. · Greenery Close to Barkly Garden.

Tree-lined streets. · Surrounding Nearby schools & child care Richmond Primary School Kamaruka Education centre Restaurant/Cafe/Grocery.

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| SITE STRATEGY

Setback & BUILDING MASS

Communal shared space

Greening & Solar access

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The setback of Mary st is 6m, and the other setbacks are 3m.

In the frontage and central courtyard, along the circulation route.

The building mass is staggered to ensure the vie of the park and the northsouth sunlight.

Neighborhood Response & Volume

Functional Division

ew Reduce noise - Veil

Interact with neighbors under the premise of ensuring privacy.

Volume - 4 Story: reduce the sense of pressure.

Car parking: Single vehicle cross over. 90° carports.

Community facilities: Located on the Ground floor, frontage.

The north-south facades and fences of the houses are designed to avoid the problem of passive surveillance from neighbors.

For example, choose special materials or louvers etc....

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| CONCEPT

DESIGN GUIDE: Housing for single parents with ASD child · 5 questions specific to your own research question.

Private Open Spaces How to balance different levels of privacy between single-parent families and elderly women \homeless peopel?

Dependence and stereotyped behavior What impact will autistic patients with stereotyped behaviors have on the flow of space in the family?

Communal Circulation Spaces How to set outdoor and indoor circulation lines to better serve the co-living community?

Doors, Corridors,Walkways and parking place How to make reasonable use of circulation space to improve the quality of living?

Share space How can rooms be divided into private and shared spaces to better respond to the expectations of single-parent families and elderly women/homeless tenants raising ASDchild?

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| BEFORE FORM Examples of functional diagrams

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resource: Heckmann, O., & Schneider, F. (Eds.). (2017). Floor plan manual housing. De Gruyter.

Heckmann, O. (2017). A Graphic Approach to Floor Plan Design. In Floor Plan Manual Housing (pp. 54-58). Birkhäuser.

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Before form: Activities, functions and relationships.

Through research on the living habits of single-parent families and the life needs of elderly women groups, analyze their possible activities before designing.

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| CO-LIVING HOME CONCEPT DIAGRAM Multiple options for residential interior settings:

Option 1: The private space is completely separated from the shared space.Suitable for families with frequent visitors. A spacious and ope living space.

Living room

Kitchen & dining

Bedroom

Explorin quality In the living environment of living together, different families have different combinations. The above diagram proposes two room planning possibilities. The adjustment of different levels of privacy is not limited to the outdoor design. Both indoor shared space and private space should be considered. Single-parent families with children with autism and elderly women/homeless people are the objects of focus in the living space.

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· Expande

Option 2: The room is divided according to the characteristics of the occupants. The master room guarantees the highest privacy and can control noise.

en

Service area bathroom...

Balcony

ng to activate the vitality in the co-living home/improve the of life:

ed kitchen

· Movable furniture Adjust the space according to different seasons/years

· Revitalize the balcony

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＜ APPLICATION ＜ DESIGN PROPOSAL

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| DESIRE AND THE POSSIBILITY

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| ITERATION

Building massing Ensure living space and environment.

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Pedestrian e Preliminary Considering n relations.

Courtyard placement

North and S Style determ

As a link between different floors.

Encouraging surveillance, and south w sunshine.

entry settings volume distribution neighbor

Service Facilities Functional area setting Stairs and public facilities.

South Windows mination

Greening and good life

g passive ,Distinguish north windows based on

Generous garden view.

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| SITE PLAN

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4-storey building Site selection: 17-27 James St Site total area : 1245sqm Total units :17units One-bedroom : 3units Two-bedroom : 10units Three-bedroom : 4units

Parking space development： Part of the site is used for car parking.

In the future community, people's life and travel patterns are expected to have major changes. Therefore, the traditional parking space can be replaced with a shared-car parking space. The site can accommodate 5 cars parking. If the parking space is not used at ordinary time, it can be turned into an open-air gym or table tennis area.

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| PERSPECTIVE

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| GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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Legend 01 Welcome tree 02 Reception 03 Bin/Recycling/waste 04 Public laundry room 05 Cafe 06 Parking area (Potential for future reuse) 07 Bicycle storage 08 Electrical car charging station 09 Exterior lobby 10 Mail box 11 Micro garden 12 Driveway/Cricket/ Table tennis/Snooker 13 Setting terrace

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| FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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Legend 01 Elevator lobby 02 Micro pergola garden 03 Courtyard 04 Garden 05 Shared kitchen

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| SECOND FLOOR PLAN

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Legend 01 Elevator lobby 02 Hanging plant basket 03 Roof garden (Possibility of drying clothes) 04 Garden

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| THIRD FLOOR PLAN

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Legend 01 Elevator lobby 02 Hanging plant basket 03 Micro basketball court 04 Garden

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| POTENTIAL OF COMMUNITY

The central courtyard on the first floor ensures sufficient sunlight and avoids the pr the same time, as an important link connecting north and south units, it provides a communication and interaction. The natural green plants and the large open-air tea takes into account the functions of the open air gym and replaces the traditional gy |

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roblem of over shadowing. At a variety of possibilities for crowd a room are worth staying here. It also ym.

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| FUNCTIONAL DIVISION

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Corner coffee shop The coffee shop is located on the Ground floor and is open to the public. Nearby residents can walk-in directly to buy it. Going east along the coffee shop is the barkly garden that is worth visiting.

Pergola garden The garden is decorated by a small pergola. Residents can sit and rest here.

Possibility of greening There will be hanging baskets of plants in the central corridor. The roofs of the units to the north are also decorated with greenery.

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| UNIT PLANS 1.5 -Bedroom Unit Indoor area: 70.23sqm Balcony:7.33sqm Total area: 77.56sqm

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Public Semi-Private Private Balcony/Terrace Circulation

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| UNIT PLANS 2.5 -Bedroom Unit (1.1/2.1/3.1/4.1)

Indoor area: 94.42sqm Balcony:21sqm Total area: 115.42sqm

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Public Semi-Private Private Balcony/Terrace Circulation

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| UNIT PLANS 2.5 -Bedroom Unit (2.4/2.5/3.4/3.5/4.3/4.4)

Indoor area: 90.78sqm Balcony: 13.1sqm Total area: 103.88sqm

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Public Semi-Private Private Balcony/Terrace Circulation

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| UNIT PLANS 3.5 -Bedroom Unit Indoor area: 115.1sqm Balcony:26.9sqm Total area: 142sqm

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Public Semi-Private Private Balcony/Terrace Circulation

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| MOMENTS

Hi! What are you doing!

Let me help you!

Morning!

Now is the time for home cleaning!

Mo

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Chill!

Have a nice day!

G'day! Mate!

Would you like a cup of coffee?

I'm going to work by tram.

om~

Zzzzz.....

I want to bask in the sun.

Weather really good today.

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| MOMENTS

Elevator lobby With benches, waiting residents can sit and chat.

The main occupants of this house are elderly people, which reflects the living-friendly.

The oversized table attracted local residents to gather together. As the season changes, it can develop into a variety of different uses.

Open-air tea room

Generous living space The spacious living room is connected to the kitchen, allowing single mothers to communicate with their children while preparing meals.

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The "say hi" window in the kitchen The kitchen windows allow sight to the central courtyard, providing opportunities for communication between neighbors. Increased neighborhood harmony. The windows are equipped with shutters, which can also protect privacy to a certain extent.

A semi-private space provided in the home. The bay window can not only increase the possibility of passive surveillance, but also retain a sense of privacy.

Habitable bay window

A courtyard for children The semi-private courtyard ensures the safety of children while playing. The inner courtyard has enough space so that the children of the residents can ensure basic outdoor sports relatively easily.

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| MOMENTS

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| HEARD OF 0.5 ROOM?

Rising popularity The construction cost of an additional half room will not increase the overall price of the apartment to a large extent, and in terms of practicality, it can meet the various needs of residents. For developers, there are also positive feedbacks.

What to do with a 0.5 room?

In addition to being an extension of the living area, the master bedroom or even the kitchen or the master bathroom in some cases, the use of extra space depends entirely on the needs of the homeowner.

Living arrangements, family structure and personal requirements will undergo major changes over time. The provision of an additional 0.5 room gives Co-living more possibilities.

General tips Ensure sufficient light and ventilation to make the space comfortable. Floor-to-ceiling windows can be used.

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Generous open area. When there are visitors at home, it can meet the social needs of multiple people.

Co-living apartment & 0.5 room The single mother lives with her child in the master bedroom, and the elderly woman lives in the second bedroom. There is a bathroom between the two bedrooms, so they don't disturb each other. There is a certain ‘flexible space’ in the master bedroom, which reserves a variable area for single-parent families raising children with autism.

‘0.5 room’ is an extra space that can be used to put single beds, store children’s toys, turn into an extra wardrobe, and so on. It can still respond to the expectations of single-parent families in the future. When the family structure changes, meet the needs of the family.

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| FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTABLE Family fitness room Choose a special teak floor with cushioning effect and place less equipment. Use noiseabsorbing materials.

Children's room If there are two children, for example, a singleparent family will have new members in the future (there will be a new baby coming), then a bunk bed can also be installed here. The space can also be adjusted for a study table or game area.

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Expanded living room / Guest rest area Because sometimes there are relatives and friends visiting in the apartment, this location can be used as an extra space for chairs or sofa beds. Enter a mattress that can be placed on the floor.

The entire living space will also appear more generous.

Home office Suitable for young professionals, single parents who need to work at home.

Can work at home and take care of children wtih ASD. The half-bedroom home office area is equipped with basic furniture: desks, computer workstations and enough storage space.

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| PRIVATE ZONING - TO HOME-SEEKER

Personal space for the tenant-home seeker.

For tenants, the entire apartment also needs a relatively private rest space. It is not only a bedroom, but also other areas. The main home seekers of the thesis project are elderly women, so their needs prefer spaces where they can meditate, contemplate or relax.

The following are two explorations of ‘semi-open’ private spaces.

Half balcony By adjusting the shutters, fences and the height of walls, a part of the balcony becomes more private. It can be used as a home office, a nap area or a small open air tea room.

Bay window Adjust the style of the window to make a bay window.

The bay window is generally rectangular or trapezoidal and protrudes toward the outside, with glass on three sides. The height of the window sill is lower than that of ordinary windows. This design is not only conducive to large-area glass lighting, but also retains a spacious window sill, so that the indoor space can be visually extended. The bottom of the bay window sill can be used as a storage, and the top can be covered with cushions to become a rest area.

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| FACADE

Little James Street

Mary Street

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James Street

West Facade

North Facade

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| FACADE

James Street

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Little James Street

East Facade

Mary Street

South Facade

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| A-A SECTION

Residential area

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Courtyard

Residential area

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| B-B SECTION

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| SECTION DETAIL

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| MATERIAL & ESD INITIATIVES

Soundproof floor

Sound-absorbing wall Provide a quiet environment

Timber: Tasmanian Blackwood

Timber: American Cherry Natural colors

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| PERSPECTIVE - PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE

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WELCOME TREE

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| PERSPECTIVE - COURTYARD

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Micro pergola garden A small open-air garden on the first floor. Some plants can be planted on the pergola, so that the entire garden's scenery can change with the seasons.

Stairs - landscape Each step of the spiraling stairs can respond to different scenery changes.

The railings of the platform use thin wire mesh to make the whole space more transparent and without a sense of oppression.

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| PERSPECTIVE - ROOF & COURTYARD

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Communal roof court The roof space is mainly reserved for young and old people. For the safety of children, children are not encouraged to play here. The wide roof space provides more possibilities for different activities. Basketball, rest area or healing area can all serve adults. It is not only a public space, but also because the floors are relatively high, which enhances a certain degree of privacy.

Children's play area The natural-colored floor and relatively low green plants enclose a space dedicated to children's activities. The large exchange table in the center is for parents to rest and children to play around. Parents can also look after their children at any time.

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| PERSPECTIVE - CORRIDOR AND SHARED KITCHEN

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Atrium Corridor The large-span corridor in the center encloses a lively and vibrant communication space. Residents can look at each other on corridors of different levels.

Therefore, they can communicate not only on the same floor, but also on the vertical level. Green plants combined with railings can enhance a certain degree of privacy. Use green plants to achieve the effect of weakening the sense of boundary.

Shared Kitchen The shared kitchen on the second floor of the main entrance is a relatively independent space. This place is not only a cooking area, but also a communication center. At the same time it can also meet the needs of small gatherings. It is the link between the community and the neighbourhood environment.

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| PERSPECTIVE - INTERIOR

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Living room + kitchen+ dinning Storytelling-a warm living space.

In most co-living units, the living area usually has such a scene: a single mother is cooking in the kitchen, and the child is playing on the cushions in the living room.

The spacious space allows single mothers to take good care of their children. Older women will read on the sofa or rest by the window sill.

Master room + 0.5 room Additional small rooms can meet the needs of different single-parent families in different ages. When the child was young, a crib was placed here. Then it will become a single size bed. Single mothers can take good care of their children in their infancy. When children grow up, they may have their own room, so this will become an office area or have other uses. Of course, a single mother may also form a new family, and the family will have new members.

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ALONE WE ARE STRONG, TOG

The coffee and pizza are ready! Let's have lunch together!Michelle,Luka!

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GETHER WE ARE STRONGER.

I'll help with housework after Meal!Stacey.

Love you mom!

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＜ APPENDIX ＜ BIBLIOGRAPHY

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| APPENDIX A - INTERVIEW SURVEY

The living environment needs of single-parent families raising c INTERNET QUESTIONNAIRE Q1: Please choose your gender ○ Male ○ Female Q2: Please select your age range

○ 21-30 years old ○ 31-40years old ○ 41-50years old ○ 51-60years old ○ 51Q3:Please select your occupation type

○ student ○ State-owned enterprise ○ Business unit ○ Civil servant ○ Private E Q4: Please select your highest degree ○ Primary school and below ○ junior high school ○ Undergraduate ○ master's degree ○ PhD Q5: What are the main types of your child's illness?

○ General high school

○ Mental illness ○ Hearing disabilities ○ Intellectual disability ○ Physical disab Q6: What is your current residence type?

○ Personal property-apartment (only you and your children) ○ Rent-Apartment ○ Living with parents/relatives and friends ○ Dormitory (such as company dormi Q7: If you go out/work, how do you generally take care of your children?

○ School hosting ○ Daycare center ○ Neighbors help ○ Family agent ○ Babys

Q8: Do you really need to hire a babysitter and other personnel to help with ○ Yes ○ No ○ All can

Q9: Are you closely connected with community service groups? (E.g. local ne ○ Yes ○ No Q10: What do you find most difficult when raising a disabled child?

○ Mental stress and loneliness ○ Financial difficulties and shortage of funds ○ Time management-lack of skills, work and life ○ Raising children and the way o Q11: Do you often feel lonely and want to make your home more lively?

○ Yes, I hope more people in the family can help share housework ○ Yes, I hope ○ No, I like to live alone with my children

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children with disabilities

-60years old ○ 60 years old and above

Enterprise ○ Foreign companies / technical secondary school / technical school / vocational high school ○ Specialist

bility

(no other tenants) ○ Rent-Apartment (with other tenants) itory) ○ other

sitter care ○ Stay at home alone

h daily life?

eighborhood committee/local property)

out for the future

e someone can come to accompany me occasionally

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| APPENDIX A - INTERVIEW SURVEY

The living environment needs of single-parent families raising c INTERNET QUESTIONNAIRE

Q12: If someone shares the rent with you, share the burden, and ensure saf ○ Yes ○ No

Q13: What do you think is the most important space in the living environme ○ living room ○ kitchen ○ bedroom ○ balcony ○ bathroom ○ dining

Q14: If you are renting with others / have guests coming to your home as a g ○ living room ○ dining ○ Kitchen (to cook together) ○ balcony ○ bedroom ○

Q15: If you are renting with others/have guests coming to your home as a gu ○ living room ○ dining ○ Kitchen ○ bedroom ○ study room Q16: Do you need to look at your child frequently and beware of accidents?

○ Yes, I have to watch it 90% of the time every day ○ Yes, I have to watch it 50% ○ No, he can take care of himself most of the time ○ No, he can take care of him Q17: Which living space do you think is the most dangerous for children? ○ kitchen ○ balcony ○ bathroom ○ hall ○ bedroom ○ living room

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children with disabilities

fety, would you like it?

ent?[Multiple Choice Questions]

guest, what living space do you most like to share? study room

uest, where do you least want to be disturbed?

of the time every day mself independently

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| APPENDIX B - INTERVIEW SURVEY FORM

The living environment needs of single-parent families raising c

Question customization: Set the question according to the theme of the thesis pro Data collection: Credamo data sample platform released, online questionnaire Data Channel: Data Mart

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children with disabilities

oject and related research.

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| BIBLIOGRAPHY

PART 1 https://flatmates.com.au/ https://www.firstplaceaz.org/apartments/overview/ https://www.autismspectrum.org.au/ https://theautismblog.seattlechildrens.org/divorce-autism-and-single-parenting/ https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/autism-in-australia/contents/autism

https://www.parents.com/health/special-needs-now/celebrating-single-parents-of https://www.abs.gov.au/

https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/201 https://www.credamo.com/surveyList.html#/ https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/publications/rental-report https://data.gov.au/data/

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f-kids-with-autism/

16/quickstat/SED27003?opendocument

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| BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Heckmann, O., & Schneider, F. (Eds.). (2017). Floor plan manual housing. De Gruyt

Heckmann, O. (2017). A Graphic Approach to Floor Plan Design. In Floor Plan Man

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