Lamellar Oil Separators and Settlers Systems with Chiariflus速 laminar elements
Water conditioning plant Q = 3.300 m続/h Year: 1995
Final settling apparatus Q = 4.788 m続/h Year: 2000
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Water conditioning plant Q = 310 m続/h Year: 2003 Final, biological downstream active-sludge settling apparatus for urban centre Q = 750 m続/h Year : 2000
Lamellar pack
Water conditioning plant Q = 2.880 m続/h Year : 1999 3
Lamellar Oil Separators and Settlers Upgrades of existing settlers
Water conditioning system Q = 1.000 m³/h Year: 2005
Urban refluent fluid final sedimentation (36.000 equivalent inhabitants) Q = 400 m³/h Year: 1996
Sectors of use • Primary clarification for water treatment works • Primary clarification upstream the biological treatment • Primary clarification downstream the biological treatment • Clarification of general processing water (food processing/cannery industries, mechanic and electroplating industries, paper mills, dyeing plants, tan houses, etc.) • Clarification of general washing water, including smoke and ash • Phosphate removal with chemical precipitation by coagulation BOTH FOR EXISTING AND NEWLY-CONSTRUCTED SYSTEMS 4
Chiariflus® Operation Laminar clarifiers speed up precipitation of solids able to be settled as well as surfacing of suspension oil. They operate statically based on physical laws that highly improve efficiency compared with traditional static systems.
Chiariflus® Advantages • Smaller system costs • Smaller maintenance costs • Electric energy cost saving • Easy operation • Minimized negative effects, in large plants, of wind, temperature changes and preferential flow • Circulation of a large amount of water in some types of processing • Modular system • Possible testing by means of our pilot systems.
Chiariflus® Unique features The profiled sheets making up the pack are vertical, i.e. they are placed side by side instead of being overlapped. Therefore, each sheet is subject only to its own load and is not burdened with the load of the other sheets placed beside; moreover, it ensures, due to its vertical position, the greatest structural strength required to guarantee undeformability in time. Warranty time: 10 years. The duct bottom features a round shape to facilitate sludge discharge: the sludge speed is greater than in the case of flat-bottom ducts, sludge volume being equal. The peculiar shape of counterposed-wave ducts leads to a larger free passage (+ 40% ~) between the planes, the centre distance being equal, and, therefore, a greater wet surface and smaller hydraulic diameter. Both of these features give a significant advantage: a decrease of the Reynold’s number and, as a result, enhanced clarification. CONTINUOUS TUBULAR DUCT PACKS CHIARIFLUS® - Specifications type
vertical plates
model
CV/43.50
CV/51.59
CV/80.93
Perpendicular centre distance between plates (mm)
43
51
80
Min. passage (mm)
58
78
118
11,54 13,25
9,76 11,41
6,20 7,12
Projected surface (Sp) at 60° m²/m³ at 55° m²/m³ Increase factor “C” for side wall collaboration Hydraulic radius (cm) Hydraulic dia. (cm)
+30% di Sp 1,4 5,7
2,0 8,0
Sheet joining method
welding
Contour frame
AISI 304
2,75 11,0
Max. permitted temp.
50° C
Sludge sliding bottom
Round-shaped (to facilitate sludge discharge)
Lozenge pack sides
i.e. uninterrupted duct length
Material: rigid polystyrene with added carbon-black for U.V. protection; average thickness: ≥ 1.1 mm. Other materials: on request. Tolerances: pack dimensions: ± 0.2%; other values: ± 2%
Note. The above specifications are for information only, and are subject to changes or improvements without prior notice.
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Lamellar Oil Separators and Settlers Single block systems 5 to 200 m続/h each, with steel tank Primary treatment of urban refluent fluids Q = 55 m続/h Industrial waste treatment Q = 120 m続/h
Oil separators 6
Biological Disk Rotors The unique rotors equipped with reticulate, anti-collapse supporting structure 10-year warranty coverage
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Biological Disk Rotors Lines for intended use • New systems: full treatment or roughing for load reduction by 50-70% • Existing systems: upgrading facilitated by the low use of energy and space
Main sectors of use Waste processing for urban and tourist installations, camping sites, food industries, wineries, breweries, distilleries, canneries, dairies, dyeing houses, breeding installations.
Standard series for systems of 100 to 100.000 equivalent inhabitants • DN 1600 for biological surfaces up to 1.500 m² each rotor • DN 2000 for biological surfaces up to 3.000 m² each rotor • DN 2500 for biological surfaces up to 6.000 m² each rotor • DN 3000 for biological surfaces up to 9.200 m² each rotor • DN 3600 for biological surfaces up to 13.500 m² each rotor • DN 4000 for biological surfaces up to 16.600 m² each rotor DENSITY: 150 m²/m³ to 230 m²/m³ (HD type for low specific loads and nitrification).
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Main advantages of the system Actuation speed
Very low running expenses
It occurs spontaneously within 10-12 days. Moreover, the system is not sensitive to interruptions or stops lasting a few hours (e.g. due to power cut-out).
The low running expenses result both from reduced personnel (required only for inspection and maintenance – approximately 6 to 10 hours/month) and the dramatic electric energy saving. In fact, the power required for a rotor oxidizing stage is smaller up to one fifteenth (0.6 watt per inhabitant) compared with the requirements of other types of oxidizing stages.
Process operating range In the oxidizing section, the rotors act as supports for the bacteria colony and bring the latter, through slow rotation, into alternating contact with the sludge (immersion phase) and the air (emergence phase). During the first phase, bacteria are fed from the polluting load, whereas during the second phase they absorb oxygen from the air with which they come in direct contact. This allows the bacteria mass to be fed with the necessary amount of oxygen: such amount differs depending on the several process variables (e.g. flow rate, specific concentration, temperature, degree of air humidity). Thanks to this, the system will acquire the purifying process selfadjustment property and will therefore be highly reliable. Moreover, qualified personnel, who would otherwise be required, is no longer necessary to regularly check the sludge concentration during the oxidizing phase and sludge circulation from the final clarifying apparatus. Such circulation is not required in the biological rotor oxidizing phase.
Fewer areas masonry equipment electric lines The surface taken by a purifying system equipped with roller oxidizing stage is quite small. In fact, both the oxidizing stage and final clarification require smaller spaces and masonry than the ones necessary for active sludge treatment; proportionally, the respective equipment (scraping decks, etc.) will be smaller too. Saving also results from the low cost of electric line connection and construction, due to the very low installed power. This also avoids possible power supply procurement problems, as is often the case with higher installed power.
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Biological Disk Rotors Settling speed The excess sludge generated by the biological rollers features quite large flocks that settle very quickly (up to 20 m/h). This makes it possible to dramatically reduce the size of final clarification basins, with great saving on masonry costs, to achieve a basin surface equal to 0.01 m² per inhabitant and a capacity of only 25 litres per inhabitant. Furthermore, the high solids content of such sludge may reach as high a concentration as 4-5%.
High elasticity Heavy hydraulic or biological load variations will not significantly change the effluent quality, even if such variations last several hours. Moreover, the lacking flow, even for several days, will not affect full efficiency, which will be spontaneously resumed within a few hours after the flow is available again.
Better performance at low temperatures It is known that the purifying performance is significantly lower when the temperature falls below 12°C; likewise, the nitrification and de-nitrification processes require that the sludge temperature is not lower than 14°C. Therefore, a purifying system that require very short retention time (60-90 minu-
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tes) and smaller oxidizing tanks (i.e. cost-effective tanks) gives great advantages. In addition, such factors allow the sludge to maintain their initial temperature and, in any case, prevent the sludge to cool to such an extent that significant loss of efficiency is involved.
Insensitiveness to mineral oils hydrocarbons toxic substances The biological flora found on the rollers is able to remove hydrocarbons, mineral oils, grease, petrol, etc. by breaking them up. Hydrocarbon concentrations of 30-40 mg/l in the sludge are reduced up to 5 mg/l. Moreover, the large amount of available biomass makes it possible to absorb, with much wider limits than in other treatment systems, any sudden increase of toxic substance concentrations in the sludge. In fact, the biological film will this case be damaged only on the surface, whereas the residual (underlying) bacteria colony will continue its purifying activity while reverting to the pre-existing conditions in a very short time. Furthermore, the final stages will be less exposed to toxic substances, due to the roller systems being generally of the multi-stage type. NO FUMES AND INSECTS – NO AEROSOL EFFECT – NO NOISE
Filtering Systems ✓ Big flow rates in small spaces ✓ Easy maintenance ✓ Reliability ✓ Modular system ✓ Automated working ✓ Electric energy low consumption “Chiarifilter®” new filtering plants carry out the tertiary stadium of waste water treatment, both in civil and industrial plants. The machine features are the result of a long experience in wwt field, and they allow to get a simple and reliable system, automatically working, which needs a very easy maintenance. Waste water flows into the filter, the solids are caught by the cloths inside and clear water runs out of the machine. The growing sludge on the cloths helps itself the filtering process, as it enables the system to catch even the littlest particles and get a better quality of filtered water. The difference between water level IN and water level OUT of the filter gets gradually higher and it’s taken by a level sensor which drives at the same time the filtering cylinder transmission/rotation and the cloths (back)washing by means of a pump. This one is connected to a ramp, complete with special nozzles which perform the washing phase with a constant stream, using the percolated water. The sludge/water mixture is conveyed to another compartment of the machine, where a pump, checked by a level sensor, will take it outside. Allegri Ecologia offers two basic types of filter: MFB to be installed in concrete tank, and MFO complete with stainless steel tank. The supply includes a control board, as the filter and its accessories are completely automated. Standard production includes sizes able to treat from 3,6 to 504 m?/h flow rates. According to the costumer’s needs, to the kind of water to be processed and to the quality of water requested at the end of treatment, porosity of cloths varies from 20 to 100 micron. The whole machine structure, filtering cloths included, is realized in stainless steel in order to ensure the best and long lasting quality of the product. Thanks to the modular system and the little space taken up by the single machine, it’s possible to process big flow-rates of waste water and, at the same time, spare on civil works costs. Chiarifilter? plant can also be installed in already existing tanks. In this case, such as in other particular cases, Allegri Ecologia offers its free technical advice in order to find out the solution which guarantees the best filtering machine working and performance.
Main applications: ✓ Waste water filtering for suspended solid reduction ✓ Filtering of water to be reused ✓ Filtering of water to be conditioned ✓ Filtering of surface (rivers, lakes, etc.) and sink water ✓ Processing water reuse
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TECHNICAL DATA MFO/MFB MODELS Model Flow rate m³/h (*) Electric power
10
15
22
32
50
75
100
160
3,6÷36
36÷54
54÷79
79÷115
115÷180
180÷270
270÷360
360÷504
from 0,12 kW to 1,50 kW All parameters have to be checked by the producer
(*) Flow rate varies according to the concentrations IN and values requested OUT of the plant
Used materials: stainless steel for the structure of the machine, bronze or plastics for drum supports, stainless steel for the clothes 12
Integrated Phytopurification Foreword The environment recovery and reduction of pollutants generated by human activities have by now become strict necessities that cannot be postponed, in order to improve a higher quality of life in the future. In particular, the reorganization of production activities on environment-friendly basis and continuous surveillance and action on the territory in order to protect water courses, as well as biodiversity improvement, will have to be achieved within integrated programs in which every single community actor will take an active part within the scope of their own competence. The polluting sources derive from industrial and manufacturing activities, farming and breeding activities, as well as civil utilities: to this regard, every single individual will have to feel involved and responsible for the future choices to be made. As regards the above choices, the knowledge of nature and biological processes meets us halfway: protecting and extending the natural wet lands, re-naturalizing the water courses, and simulating marsh systems through the implementation of
phytoabsorbing and purifying systems is possible, with reasonable operation costs. In particular, phytopurification is a simple way for waste water treatment, both for minor domestic refluent fluids and the industrial or livestock activities. It may also provide a finishing system for a wide range of water types previously treated with other systems. The quick spread of this method in many countries, both in Europe and beyond (e.g. the U.S.A. and Australia) is related to the possibility of achieving very high effluent quality standards with lower construction and operational costs than with traditional methods. Moreover, we should point out the importance of treatment methods which will also make it possible to improve the quality both of water and land ecosystems, as well as reclaim, from a structural viewpoint, the territory, and ensure recreational use of wet lands by the people.
20.000 equivalent inhabitant plant (year: 2000) 13
Integrated Phytopurification As regards the Italian situation, in particular the Veneto regional situation, phytopurification is arousing an increasingly greater interest and is being made use of to a larger and larger extent, also due to the directives laid down by Law 152, dated 1999, as amended. Phytopurification is an efficient, cost-effective purifying method where effluent is characterized by a mainly organic basis and, therefore, requires a degradation treatment mainly supported by micro-organisms. It also provides the most useful option in case of discontinuous or irregular waste, i.e. the waste resulting from tourist activities, camping sites, hotels, farm holidaying, as well as seasonal farming and processing activities (e.g. wineries and oil mills).
350 equivalent inhabitant plant
Compared with traditional processing systems, phytopurification makes it possible to absorb, to a larger extent, the changes in hydraulic load, temperature and quality characteristics of incoming refluent fluid, while ensuring optimum purifying efficiency. Another interesting application of this method involves the introduction of phytopurification basins as a safety means in connection with possible accidental spilling of toxic substances directly into the environment (dump percolates). The basic difference between these systems and the traditional methods, such as prolonged oxidation, active sludge, etc. is mainly represented by the fact that the “purifying process cannot be turned off� in phytopurification. Therefore, the plant will operate even in the presence of accidentally unfavourable circumstances (e.g. power cut-off, hydraulic and organic overload) which, on the contrary, affect traditional processes.
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Overall view and water flowing out of a phytopurification plant with subsurface flow. (700 equivalent inhabitant)
Definitions The classification is not based only on the type of plants used in the processing systems, but also on the different natural level found in the projects, according to a scale ranging from all-natural systems to all-artificial systems, the implementation of which stresses the natural water purification processes. With regard to this, we may benefit from the methods imported from northern European countries, as well as the definition of international guidelines issued by the EU. Both the lagoons and biological ponds represent intermediate situations within the artificial scale described.
Subsurface flow wet lands (or reed beds): artificial water purifying systems where the water flows within a porous, usually gravelly medium, on which rooted or vegetal species of hydric type (macrophytes) are planted. “Constructed wet lands” is an internationally accepted term for a wide range of treatment systems based on plants, whereas “reed beds” is a general term mainly used in the United Kingdom to indicate the phytopurification systems making use of rooted macrophytes.
Wet lands
Section
They represent the marshes regularly flooded by natural water mainly of meteoric origin. Constructed wetlands Surface flow wet lands: artificial water purifying systems where the water runs mainly on the surface, both on ponds or retention structures with species of floating and rooted vegetal lagoons.
Example of shopping centre water treatment through phytopurification in an ornamental flowerbed. The spaces necessary for the vegetal section are greatly reduced thanks to the installation of a biological disc rotor (RBD®) under the road level.
PLANTED AREA approx 60,00 m² 15
Integrated Phytopurification A typical phytopurifying system may be schematized as follows:
Traditional phytopurifying plant INLET
OUTLET
PRE-TREATMENT (SCREENING/SIEVING)
PHYTOPURIFICATION (POLLUTANT REMOVAL)
The introduction of a properly dimensioned oxidizing phase upstream the vegetal stage makes it possible to greatly reduce the space taken by the system while keeping the effluent quality unchanged (falling within the outlet water balneation values):
Integrated phytopurifying plant from oxidizing section to biological discs INLET
OUTLET
PRE-TREATMENT
BIOLOGICAL DISC OXIDATION
PHYTOPURIFICATION
The use of the RBD速 biological disc rotors during the oxidizing phase gives the following advantages, compared with other types of adhering biomass oxidation: - fewer manufactured products to be oxidized; - no need for air blowing; - no odour at all; - biological process self-adjustment. Phytopurification integrated with other methods is expressly recommended in Decree 152 of May 11th, 1999: this type of treatment allows the administrator to dramatically reduce the running expenses thanks to positive combination of several factors: 1. no generation of sludge to be dehydrated and disposed of; 2. system self-adjustment; 3. no need for the final disinfection phase; 4. simple handling and maintenance operations; 5. very small power used; 6. high process resistance to input load variations. The above factors are decisive compared with more sophisticated purifying processes that require a high degree of automation in spite of their involving continuous surveillance by qualified personnel, as in the case of membrane systems. Finally, phytopurification has very low effects on the environment and also enhances the space used through the creation of a new green area.
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