Terry Tianyu Guo_Architecture Design Portfolio_2009-2014

[ B U R N I S H ] PORTFOLIO TIANYU GUO - 2009-2014 -

FOR THE APPLICATION TO ARCHITRCTURE & URBANISM M.ARCH PROGRAM | AA SCHOOL

A rock burnished repeatedly through the water

Contents Born and brought up in Beijing, I once enjoyed the cultural atmosphere and fun of neighborhood brought by living in Siheyuan. With the passage of time, the number of modern buildings increased sharply while a lot of courtyards and Hutongs were falling to pieces each year with its unique way of life, which replaced ancient architectural landmarks becoming lonely decoration. The new problems of Beijing city are emerging every day, new and old Beijing is still in the tragedy of the fight. As a result, the buildings became an important witness and the weight of the process of this game, and lost its original meaning.

Through five years of professional studying in architecture, my architectural view seemed like a rock burnished repeatedly through the water, and gradually formed in different areas by thinking and struggling repeatedly. At the same time, I think that for the contemporary building era of China, the accelerating construction of urban problems and brought all sorts of confusion really need more critical thinking and practice in broader fields. I still believe that we could maintain the reasonable track through the experimental studies and constantly revised, and to rediscover the original significance of existence for modern Chinese buildings.

Therefore, I selected some representative works from the past five years which I have practiced in the various of experimental areas: “Two Boundaries” reflected the “form” and “meaning” from the level of architectural space in the traditional Chinese calligraphy, which is a cultural thinking of archetype for architectural space. “Cut to Create” settled solutions based on rigorous analysis of the base, and made the plan more specific with the design conception, which was a logical shaping process of single building space. “Floating Vertical Farming” showed the possibility and the necessity of modern urban vertical farm and the agro-ecological lifestyle, created a complex vertical farm system, which is an exploration of ecological urban development. “Layer City” explained a complex urban renewal issue, which combined the traditional Taoist culture with the application of data research methods to establish the reference standards, and to develop for the quantitative evaluation of urban renewal. It was also a new type of attempt to protect the historic district renewal. “Lost in SOHO” researched an investigation of mass data for Beijing SOHO buildings, purposed the solution of activation for the square space Galaxy SOHO in the next 50 years, which were collected and analyzed based on the parameters method, which is an interesting attempt to solve urban problems of digital technology means.

Two Boundaries [ 双界 ]

01

Form of Calligraphy & Space of Character

Cut to Create [ 破而后立 ]

07

Daegu Gosan Public Library

Floating Vertical Farming [ 浮游农场 ]

19

Vertical Farming System in Beijing 2050

Superposed City [ 叠城记 ]

29

Research & Conservation Urban Design of Shicha Lake Area

Lost in SOHO [ 迷失 SOHO]

41

Attention Dynamics: Attraction & Disttraction

Supplements Model Making, Other Work, Practice Project & Art work

Curriculum Vitae

51

Two Boundaries [ ĺ?Œç•Œ ] Form of Calligraphy & Space of Character Project type: Individual study Date: Jun. 2010 - Jul. 2010, 4 weeks Tutor: Prof. Mingshuai Pan

Chinese calligraphy is a kind of visual art based on the writing of Chinese characters. Chinese character is one of the basic elements of traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese calligraphy is thusly developed from the culture and has become an inseparable part of it.

This project uses the form of Chinese calligraphy as the research background and foundational model, choosing two typical boundaries as the concept of wall in architecture and tries to design the "Shallow space" on the wall. This project discusses the connection between space and calligraphy and is aimed at pursuing the high degree of uniformity between the form of architectural space and the implication of Chinese calligraphy.

By doing so, the consciousness of structure in design can be strengthened in the light of the culture background, and the logic language of design and the Chinese cultural property can be kept sustained correlated.

01

02

Application of Calligraphy

Calligraphy & Space

The written language is the most direct way for one to express himself.

So, calligraphy, which has the function of conveying emotions, is not only of great artistic value, but is also widely used in various art fields.

Seal cutting is the combination of space and calligraphy. The "Positive relief" and "Intaglio" in seal cutting correspond to the "Entity" and "Empty" in space.

Title section [ 题款 ] Title section of "Mount Hua Yunvfeng" [ 华山玉女峰 ], by Chang Dai Chien

At the same time, a seal can be understood as a "Shallow space" for people to wander or to stop in the condition of changing the scale.

The title section which is written on the blank area in Chinese painting can reflect the conception of the painting as well as balancing the whole composition.

Plaque [ 匾额 ] Plaque of Tongrentang [ 同仁堂 ],

by Gong Qi

Plaque is the eye of ancient Chinese architecture. By inviting cultural celebrities to write the plaque, building owners can show their cultural cultivation and their life pursuit.

Positive relief [阳刻] Entity

Fan surface [ 扇面 ] Calligraphy on the surface of fan, "Ning Jing Zhi Yuan" [ 宁 静 致 远 ],

by Shugeng Wang

Ancient Chinese celebrities usually hold a fan in the hand and express their feelings by writing and drawing on the surface of the fan.

Intaglio [阴刻] Space

Many actions of swordsmanship have a lot in common with the brushwork of calligraphy, because of this, Chinese swordsmen usually understand the swordsmanship by calligraphy.

Swordsmanship [ 剑术 ] Comprehend the swordsmanship through the calligraphy in "Hero" [ 英雄 ], directed by Yimou Zhang

Prototype of Calligraphy "Stroke" is the basic prototype of calligraphy. The evolution from "Stroke" to "Article" is the process of intricating the combination of different kinds of prototypes.

Prototype has its basic implication.

The superposition and combination of different prototypes can make their implications richer in the process of morphological growth.

Therefore, the research of calligraphy form and character space should start with the prototype of stroke, exploring the commonality between the "Shallow space" and "Calligraphy prototype".

Here I will choose two kinds of typical strokes as the prototypes: [ 半 ] & [ 褶 ], and will analyse their form and implication.

03

“The Analects of Confucius” Walk

Walk far away [Zouzhi Pang]

[Yuan]

Honorific title to others

Mouth [Kouzi Pang]

[Jun]

Believe someone's word

People [Danren Pang]

Stroke

[Xin]

Character

[论语·学而]

Distant place

远 方

[Yuan Fang]

A noble character man

君 子

Word

子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋 自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠， 不亦君子乎？”

有子曰：“其为人也孝悌而好犯上者，鲜矣。不好 犯上而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道 生。孝悌也者，其为仁之本与？” 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。” 曾子曰：“吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋 友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”

[Jun Zi]

子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民 以时。”

Sentence B

Responsible & faithful

忠 信

子曰：“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来， 不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”

Sentence A

子曰：“君子不重，则不威，学则不固 。主忠信，无友不如已者，过则勿惮改 。”

[Zhong Xin]

子曰：“弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，泛爱众而亲 仁，行有余力，则以学文。” 子夏曰：“贤贤易色，事父母，能竭其力。事君，能 致其身。与朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓 之学矣。” 子曰：“君子不重则不威，学则不固。主忠信，无友 不如己者，过则勿惮改。”

Sentence

Article

Two Prototypes [ 半 ] has the meaning of "Divide". Crossed wall is a coordination that shows the direction and location of an object, and it creates a basic frame of reference.

Crossed dividing builds a kind of space region, which seems to be homogenetic but has, in fact, subtle differences.

This simple way of dividing contains many relationships behind: centre-edge, cornersquare, leftside-rightside.

Ban [Divide]

半

Wall of "Divide" [ 半 ]

The De Stijl's painting, which is painted by Mondrian, divides different colors by crossed lines so that make it symbolizes the balance and power of nature.

Painting of De Stijl

[ 褶 ], meaning of "Fold", the wall of which can be understood as an indefinite space which is formed through the slight fluctuation of the surface.

The Irregular concave-convex and fold make the connection between 2D world and 3D world more indefinite: deepshallow, thin-thick, outsideinside, leftside-rightside. At the same time, indefinite space will guide human beings' unpredictable behaviours.

Zhe [Fold]

褶

Wall of "Fold" [ 褶 ]

Fold on the paper is a kind of natural texture. The folds on on the surface of a folding paper appear as a succession of "Shallow spaces".

Fold on the paper

04

Ban [Divide]

ĺ?Š Space of "Divide" [ ĺ?Š ]

Human figures on the surface

Space of [ ĺ?Š ] relies on the wall. The property of the wall has not changed while the thickness of wall is given a middle state of space.

An intricate and linear space for wandering wind leaktight with the wall, and it leaves many different sizes of attachment space and hole space on the surface of the wall.

Space of wander

Based on the coordinate of crossed wall, the people wandering in the space have many states: sometimes in the east, sometimes in the west, sometimes in the south and sometimes in the north.

People can walk up and down in the attachment space along the wall or appear and disappear in the hole space on the surface of wall, even to pass through the wall of middle state.

Attachment & Crossing space 05

Wandering inside the wall

Attachment & Hole

Zhe [Fold]

褶 Space of "Fold" [ 褶 ]

Plans of each floor

Space of [ 褶 ] brings a kind of elimination and deconstruction of the space's classical definition.

There is no absolute direction of the folding wall, it is only the interaction between human body and the wall that can reveal a certain identification: leftside of wall or right side of wall.

Concave-convex & Fold

The inhomogeneity of folding wall triggers the inhomogeneity of behaviour and time.

The design of folding space is based on this property and uses various forms of small spaces to excavate or fill the folding wall. In this folding space, people will have confusion about many basic elements: time, direction and route.

Walking through the wall

Stay in the wall

Concave-convex & Fold 06

Cut to Create [ 破而后立 ] Daegu Gosan Public Library Project type: Individual competition Date: Aug. 2012 - Sept. 2012, 6 weeks Tutor: Lec. Peijun An & Lec. Rui Yang Site: Daegu, South Korea Competition: UIA Approved International Architectural Ideas Competition

In recent years, because of the change of social and cultural environments and the update of knowledge transmission systems in libraries, the discussions on the architectural diversity of public libraries is becoming a hotspot in Korea and in the international community.

The site is located in a particular place which is an overlapping area with different urban textures. The challenge is how to create a rational interaction between libraries and surrounding buildings with different characteristics, and how to provide a comfortable & attractive public space for ocal communities.

The solution is to cut the site along a line and rotate a part of massing moderately. According to this operation of massing, a new gaped space will be created.

This space plays a significant role in the fields of city, function, space, sight, traffic and ecology.

07

08

Site Analysis The site is located in Daegu, Korea.

The block of low-rise buildings are in the south and west of the site. In the east, a church is outstanding from the many commercial buildings with different shapes and characteristics.

In the north of the site lie a green area and a bus station. The green area, church and bus station become three vital factors. The interaction of these three factors created two axes which have a trend from northwest to southeast.

Korea路 Daegu Apartment

Green area Commercial area

Site location & Surrounding buildings

Through the analysis of urban structure around the site, the trend of main crowd's axis and open space's axis decide the cut position from northwest to southeast.

The site is cut by a straight line from northwest to southeast and the north part is turned clockwise a little to fit the shape of the site. After these operations, there is an interaction between gapped space and the three factors.

Axis of open space Church

Vital influential factors & Two axises

Evolution

Traditional reading space

The space design of library has a transformation from traditional reading space to modern diverse public space. The main function of traditional library is the book store. There is an explicit boundary between "to storage" and "to use".

In the new background of multiplex development and need, the design of modern library hopes to make this boundary more indeterminate and to create an interaction between them.

Under the affect of three factors around the site, a five layers' centralized massing satisfing the demand of area is created.

Site

Bus station

Site

Research Background

Cutting Operation

Green area Bus station Axis of big crowds

History Book reading & borrowing Store

Social education Book store

Gr

ee

Use

Change

Need

Located in community area

Need of eco-environment

An aging society seriously

Need of spirit level

More time on activities

Open reading space

Desire for self-improvement

Digital information

rea

Store

Use

Bus

Gr

ee

Bus

na

Diversified public space

na

rea

Cut Site

Churc

Churc

h

3 influential factors

h

Massing

Cut & Rotate

Gapped space & 3 factors

New continuous space

Massing

Hide & Cut

Gap & Connection

In the city view, gapped space is the path from bus station to the site; at the same time, it is the line of sight traverse from green area to church.

Gapped space, green area and church's square form a new kind of continuous urban space can motivate the activity of community.

09

In the objective world, there are many objects' sections that have the different texture from the skin after cutting, but the new texture of section still has a strong relationship with the original object.

Texture of skin

The concept of gapped space's design is inspired from the phenomena, and the design of whole building is based on this new system.

Texture of core

New texture after cutting

Cutting position

Different textures

"Water-Glass" system

Life long stud y

Read ing sp ace

Entrance & Public space

Two function areas

Traffic system

Generation of Form According to the objective phenomenon of objects' section have the different texture from the skin after cutting, making two surfaces of section and the ground surface are covered by glass and water, and letting the gapped space become a new "Water-Glass" translucent system. The translucent boundary can create a communication between the outside and inside of the building.

New translucent space system provides the sunken entrance of building, and makes the underground space the public hall of library; The whole massing is divided into two parts as two main functional zones by gapped space; The vertical transport is used in the inside of two zones, and the air gallery and underground space are used to join the two parts of zones.

Site Plan

0 3

10

20m

10

11

Model Displaying of New Continuous Urban Space

12

Check in/out

Preservation room

Main hall

Preservation room

Exhibition

-6.000

Reading space -3.000 Lounge

-3.000

Cafe VIP

Kitchen

Machine room

Storage

Multi

purp

Basement Level

0

1

3

Lower Ground Level

6m

Office 3.600

0

1

3

Meeting room

Director office

5.400

7.200

Reading space

Reading space

0.000

6.000

Reading space

ose ro

6m

Reading space

3.000

7.200

3.000

1.500

Children reading room 6.000

Digita

l room

First Floor Level 13

0

1

3

6m

Second Floor Level

0

1

3

6m

om

-0.150 Store

tra nc e -1.800

0.000

Passage

En

Reading space

Children reading Meeting room

2nd Floor

Director office

0.

00 0

Reading space

Reading room

Pool

Reading space -3.000

-0.150 A

En

tra nc

e

A

Reading room

VIP

-0.150

Class room Toilet

Multipurpose room

Upper Ground Level

1st Floor

Office room

Reading circulation 0

1

3

6m

Reading room Multipurpose room Toilet

Ground Floor

VIP room Education circulation

Working circulation

Mixing circulation

Reading room Multipurpose room Toilet

B1 Floor

VIP room

Check in/out Cafe bar Lounge space Service room

B2 Floor

Preservation room Toilet

0

2

Private

6

12m Public

Analysis of Circulation 14

Light atrium of reading space Reading space Light atrium of main entrance

Life long study

A The south part is used as reading space and the north part is used as life long study.

The two parts are being connected by basement. The main entrance leads people into basement directly. Turning to south, people would reach check in/out area and data area, while turning to north, people would get into multifunctional room and several classrooms. Cafe and exhibition room are placed at the joint area so that people from both two parts of the building could have access to these facilities.

Section A-A 15

0 0.5

1.5

3m

A

Sequence Space of Entrance

Location

Baptism is a traditional Christian ceremony which drips water on people's forehead or immerses people's body in water. The ceremony of baptism has the underlying meaning of purifying the soul.

The design of entrance's space sequence bring people an experience, just like a baptized person. In the "Water-Glass" translucent system, the whole surface of ground is covered by the water except the necessary passage. People will experience the whole process above the water, across the water and under the water like a ceremony of baptism when they enter the building from the entrance on the ground.

Water pool

[A] Above the water

"Water-Glass" translucent system can not only let sunshine leak into the basement but also produce fantastic image to both the people on the bridge and those in the basement. The people would feel like a fish swimming beneath the water.

[B] Across the water

[C] Under the water

Path Route Path

A

Water pool

B C

Entrance Water pool Path Handrail

"Battesimo di Cristo"

By Piero della Francesca

Lighting Effect of Entrance

Mar.

03

10:00 AM 10

Month: March Time: 10:00 AM

Jun.

12:00 AM

06

12

Month: June Time: 12:00 AM

12 09

Sept.

11:00 AM 11

Month: September Time: 11:00 AM

Dec.

13:00 PM 13

Month: June Time: 12:00 AM 16

Viewfinder Space

The view of church

People can have a panoramic view in the outside, but human eye can't screen and clip the scenery. So the panoramic view is a kind of original view without any artistic process.

Window as the viewing frame, architecture like the window plays an important role of intermediary between people and scenery. The different windows in the building come into being a series of artistic processed scenery.

Viewing frame can be extended to a viewfinder space, in which people can move. People and scenery have a dynamic interactive relationship with each other, and the viewfinder space can create an effect of difference scenery appears with each step.

The view of green area

h

G

re en

ar ea

Churc

17

"Water-Glass" translucent system is a viewfinder space. The gap space in the north finds a view from green area, and in the south one finds a view from church. The surface of glass and water reflect the daylight and shadow of the trees.

The Disappearance of Architecture The library is located in the green area of the city.

In order to protect the typical space quality of the green area, the surface around the building is designed as the white walls. Mottled shadows of the trees which are mapped on the library’s white walls change with the seasons and time go round and begin again, and the library like a blurred object with shadows floats in the forest. The translucency surface in the "Water-Glass" translucent system reveals the composition of space and the behavior of people.

Both the white wall and the translucency surface can shorten the distance maximum between books and trees. In this way, not only the boundary between public space and building can be made vaguer, but also the feeling of building’s existence can be weakened. This is an open sea of books belongs to the city, and the building will disappear in the surrounding environment.

Different floors in reading space

Life long study space

Light atrium of reading space

Light atrium of main entrance 18

Floating Vertical Farming [ 浮游农场 ] Vertical Farming System in Beijing 2050 Project type: Collaborative competition Date: Nov. 2013 - Dec. 2013, 8 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang Tutor: Prof. Deqing Bu & Prof. Xiaobin Wang Site: Beijing, China Competition: 2013 Vertical Farming International College Architectural Design Competition, Encouragement Award

The concept of vertical farming comes from Prof.

Dickson Despommier from Columbia University. He advocated that the farmland should develop from flat field to multistory building so that the shortage of food in density-populated cities can be solved in this way.

In the research background of Beijing 2050, we base on the theoretical framework of vertical farming, combining with the trend of development, regarding the city water system as the carrier, using the floating island as the intermediary between the vertical farming and the city water system to build a system of floating farming applies to the city in the future.

The floating farming system has positive senses to the city at all levels: floating farming realizes energy selfsufficiently, and the production environment can’t be constrained; the ecological circulation which is created in each variety can reduce the energy consumption; combination between cultivation and experience makes the combination of function more reasonable; floating island transports the produce in the water system, and it can’t be influenced by the land traffic; the connection between islands can provide the divers kinds of open spaces for the water system, and purify the pollution of water system.

19

20

Urbanization/Population

Urbanization in Beijing In the future, with the rapid evolution of urbanization in Beijing, more and more people will flood into the city.

The production space of traditional farming will be compressed gradually, and the shortage of food in highdensity city will be highlighted.

56.5%

1970

y

10.9million

13.6million

1980

1990

2000

2010

Time

Polluted water in Beijing

y

e

e

lag

Vil

Cit

e

lag

Vil

Beijing 2010 Population 23 millions Arable land 17%

Beijing 1980 Population 9.2 millions Arable land 52%

Vertical farming is implanted along the water system, it has the positive meaning of the city at all levels with the process of activate the water system.

y

Cit

lag

Vil

We regard the floating island as the intermediary to join in the system of vertical farming and city water.

Floating island enriches the diversity of vertical farming; carries the transportation of products; improves the open space by the river; purifies the pollution of river and activates the city water system.

9.0million

19.6million

Development of urbanization & population

Cit

Floating island is designed by the artist Robert Smithson. It is a barge landscaped with earth, rocks, and native trees and shrubs, towed by a tugboat around the island of Manhattan.

70.5%

The city water system which spreads along the 2nd Ring Road has acted as the vital role of defence and transport in the history. With urbanization more and more useless rivers are polluted and disappear.

75.2%

8.7million

We implant the vertical farming in the city, putting the process of cultivation and husbandry in the high-rise building which can emulate the growing environment of the crop. Through the system of the energy's process, vertical farming can realize power energy selfsufficient.

Concept of Floating Island

69.9%

73.7%

Beijing 2050 Population 40 millions Arable land 0%

Persent situation of water system

Implantation of vertical farming

Floating island is the intermediary

Vertical farming in Beijing 2050 ?

Presents

Needs

Strategies

Function

The urban function is simple, and the inhabited environment is lack of vitality

Traffic

Thare are large numbers of traffic jams in Beijing, and the city water system has not utilized completely

The lowest cost and the fastest way of product's transport

Floating island can utilize the city water system as the channel of transport

Open Space

High-density city causes the lack of green space, and the utilization of waterspace has not been adequate

Different sizes of riverside spaces activate the negative spaces

A few of floating islands can be combined in a unrestricted way and form into the multiform open space

Combining the agriculture with the commerce and making city more energetic

Both of farming and business functions can be contained in the floating island

Turn old building into matrix

Transport island through matrix

Robert Smithson’ floating island 21

Ecoligy

Polutions of air and water are serious in Beijing, and both of them have not been in control

The possibility of air and water polutions' control

Floating island can purify the water and air through cruising in the water system

City

The history and culture significations of Beijing water system have not been taken seriously

The possibility of city water space's reorganization in Beijing

Floating island can swim in the city water system and make contribut to the Beijing water environment

The disused high-rise buildings in the city can be remoulded into the vertical farming matrix by removing the surface and retaining the basic structure.

Vertical farming is the island's matrix. Island joins in the process of cultivation in the matrix, and swims in the city water system after growth is complete.

Vertical farming matrix: Container for cultivation of floating islands

Single floating island: Carry of crops, animals and aquatics

Path island: Deformable bridge can connect side banks of water

Angle & sell island: Angling platform and seafood market Adopt & sell island: Animal adoption center and meats shop

Pluck & sell island: Plucking experience and crops shop Forest island: Moving green park in city water system

Tennis court island: Outside sport platform on the water

Vert

ical

Farm

ing M

atrix

& Flo

ating

Islan

ds 22

+400.0 m

+359.0 m

Water collector

Livestock feeding &

+385.0 m

Rain

Rainwater store

Clay filter

+312.0 m

Livestock feeding& Claim raise

Purification +333.0 m

Transportation Distribution

+270.0 m

+249.0 m

People transportation

Island transportation

Grain crops & Farming experience

+291.0 m

Gray water store

Purified water of river

The rainwater collected by the hydrops on the roof flows through the water purifying system. After purification, the clean rainwater and the purified water of river meet in the gray water store.

Gray water can be used for the irrigation of cultivation area and the drinking of husbandry area.

Pump

Gray water circulation system

+228.0 m

+207.0 m

Hot air rises

+186.0 m

+144.0 m

Turbine generator

Cash crops & Plucking

+165.0 m

LED

+123.0 m

Fresh air

+102.0 m

Cold air intake CO2 SO2

Skeleton

Skin

Winds from river

Aquiculture & Fishing

+81.0 m

+60.0 m

The difference of hot-press between two sides of building engenders the chimney effect, and it can be used to generate electricity.

Elevator working

The electricity can drive the elevator to transport island, and provide the building a 24h LED lighting without the influence of season. At the same time, the noxious gas can be sucked in the building to join in the fresh air circulation of the cultivation area to release O2 .

Chimney effect of power supply

+39.0 m

0.0 m

Section of Vertical Farming

0 3

10

20m

23 Island store

Elevator

Waterway for transport

Water system in Beijing

1 +3858F .0 m

Dov

e

Dov

e

1 +3597F .0 m

ken

se

ep

24.0。

She

ep

Gra in cro ps

23.5。

Corn

1 +2070F .0 m

Grain crops

O2

eat

1 +2281F .0 m

Corn

ana

e

Rap

e

Tom

ato

23.0。

ot

20.0。

19.0。

m 18.5。

17.0。

rry

Cuc

umb

er

Pota

to

Fish

Sca

llop

Aqu acul ture

Increase of yield

m

wbe

Cash crops

22.0。

Stra

Stra wbe rry

Fodder

+1025F .0 m

ot

Cas h cro ps

T.F

160

0kg

120

600

kg

0kg

0kg

kg

180

700

0kg

kg

0kg

kg

Due to the influence of chimney effect, the trend of temperature in matrix is cold under hot.

The ar r angement of cultivation type in each floor is based on the temperature of growth need and the food chains between plants and animals. They can take advantage of each other and build a ecological circulation system in the matrix.

Vert ical farm Trad ing ition al fa Yield rmin per g mu Perc enta ge of s Perc pec enta ies ge 600 of c 0kg ate gory 8.2% T.F:

0kg

1.4%

Multiunit Function On the basis of production function in the vertical farming matrix, according to the different variety of cultivation in different floor, we append the experiential function which is suited for the present production function.

V.F

200

V.F

0kg

T.F

800

0kg

V.F

T.F Cuc umb er V.F

250

0kg

800

kg

240

0kg

800

0kg

3.2%

11.0

The experiential function can attract more people enter the matrix and join in the process of production.

%

11.0

%

Increase of Yield

T.F

Pota

to

V.F T.F

Fish

600

0kg

V.F Sca

%

V.F:

2.5%

200

100

Ecological Circulation

20.8

2.2%

6.3%

400

6.8%

9.0%

V.F

V.F

8.2%

2.2%

1.6%

160

700

0kg

0kg

Through the comprehensive use of resources around the building, matrix of vertical farming can realize energy autarky in all fields.

9.9%

T.F

Carr

Carr

22.0。

Ecological circulation system

Trend of temperature change

+1236F .0 m

ato

Fodder

+1447F .0 m

kg

V.F

T.F

Tom

Organic fertilizer

23.5。

Aquaculture

+1658F .0 m

600

0kg

500

200

0kg

600

0kg

T.F

Rap

23.0。

250

V.F

T.F

720

0kg

T.F

T.F ana

Ban

+1869F .0 m

300

V.F Ban

24.0。

2.7%

V.F

V.F

eat

Wh

0kg

kg

V.F

T.F

Rice

Wh 24.5。

200

800

T.F

Rice

1 +2492F .0 m

m

Live sto farm ck ing

She

1 +2703F .0 m

2 +39.0F

O2

le

Livestock

Catt

24.5。

3 +60.0F

se

le

1 +2914F .0 m

T.F V.F T.F

Goo

Catt

24.5。

4 +81.0F

Pou lt farm ry ing

Goo

25.5。

Poultr

26.0。

Fodder

Temperature need

1 +3125F .0 m

ken

Temperature in V.F

1 +3336F .0 m

Chic Chic

Energy Source Vertical farming is located next to the water system, and it makes full use of river resources. Water of river can join in the gray water circulation system and the wind of river can generate the chimney effect.

V.F

llop

T.F V.F

400

100 kg

0kg

200 1.4%

400

0kg

8.2%

500

0kg

19.2

%

kg

0.3% T.F 2 00kg

1.7%

62.3

%

After these series of considerations, the process of production in the vertical farming matrix will implement with natural law in an orderly way.

Compared with traditional farming, the yield of vertical farming will increase exponentially.

Floating farming is able to produce 438,000kg of food and provide enough food for 2190 people per year.

24

Floating Farming in Beijing CBD

25

Yuyuan Lake

Temple of Heaven

Deshengmen

Shicha Lake

Remove surface and enclosure structure

Remove minor support structure and elevator

Turn major support into people's transportation

Put floating islands on the frame structure

0

0 30 00

30 00

30 orm

Platf

land

of is

00 42

Universality in Different Scale In urban scale, the form of the vertical farming matrix is unrestricted, it can adapt to the different conditions of the site in the city, different population sizes and entrance positions, and different services scopes.

00

42

In architecture scale, any disused high-rise building can be remoulded into the matrix of vertical farming by removing the other unnecessary structure and retaining the basic frame structure. The floating island can be put on the grid of cross beam.

0

0 42 f old

Fra

o me

ding

buil

On floating island scale, the section size of the triangle coincide with the economic span, it has the wide adaptability to the all kinds of matrices. At the same time, the scale of floating island's platform also coincides with the modulus of construction, it has the wide adaptability to the application of different functions in the life cycle of island.

26

Design of Floating Island

There are three functional stages in the life cycle of the floating island.

After entering the matrix, the floating island can be used for production in matrix. After production stage, island can swim in the water system, and the product can be transported to have the experiential sale in all parts of the city. Selling stage completed, the island can still take advantage of the basic environment on the island to develop the subsequent function so that it can provide the multiform waterfront open space for people.

Designable top Enter the matrix

Pisciculture

Planting

Llivestock

Leave the matrix Angle & Sell

Production stage

Pluck & Sell

Adopt & Sell

Swimming pool

Tennis court

Selling stage

Return to the matrix

Theater

Use stage

Life cycle of island

H-beam

Connected position

Framework & Platform

Power room

Ready for connection

Connection complete [a] Polluted water entrance

g

Soil

f

e

[c] Purification room

[f ] Fertilizer room

a

f

e b

g

[g] Fertilizer exit

Ecological capsule

[b] Water intake room

[c] Precipitation room

[c] Precipitation room

[d] Fermentation room

[d] Purification room

[e] Electric power room [f ] Engine room

[e] Drainage room a

[f ] Clean water exit

b

[g] Machinery room

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. The precipitates can be turned into fertilizer which are provided to the plant on the floating island through the fermentation room.

d c

[a] Polluted water entrance Soil

[b] Water intake room d

[e] Fermentation room b

Connected swimming [a] Polluted water entrance

Soil

[b] Water intake room

[d] Precipitation room

a

The H-beam can conduct the current signal, and make two power rooms in the capsule form a loop so that the motor can drive two floating islands swimming together.

Fermentation composting

c

Biogas power generation

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. The precipitate can generate the biogas through the fermentation room. The generator can provide the power to the motor by using the biogas.

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. After precipitation is done, the treated liquid will flow into the purification room and can be discharged into the city water system again.

c d e

f

Waste water purification

Exchange orientation information

ct

lle

Receptio

N-pole

Inf

rar

ed

Cable

Co

S-pole Technical control

Magnetic fixtures

27

Floating island swimming to the stop point, emitting the infrared to locate the location. At the same time, the infrared can activate the power of the electromagnetic fixed installation.

Underground cable provides the electromagnetic fixed installation and releases the magnetic field.

After floating island arrived at the stop point, it will receive the magnetic field and shut down.

Subsequent floating island arrives at the stop point, and connects with other islands to form a group. The group of floating islands can provide a multiform waterfront open space for people.

In re dire ce c pt tly io n

Information transmission

Significance for City The system of floating farming plays an important role in the city. The rapid development of the city induces the water pollution and leaves many abandoned buildings. But the floating farming in the city water system can take advantage of these unfavourable factors to purify and activate the water system.

The purified water system can provide a multiform open space for the city and recall the memory of the water again. At the same time, floating island create a self-circulation system in many fields, so that it can keep the vitality at all times.

City

Memory & Space Water System

Pollution

Waste Depuration building & Vitality Vertical Farming Cultivate V.F matrix

Loaded island

Transport

Sell & Use Water system

Empty island

Life cycle if island

Floating Farming in Beijing Shicha Lake

The shape of water system in Beijing was saved completely, and it had vital function of transport and defend. The water space has high quality.

With the rapid development of Beijing, a part of river had disappeared because of the function's degeneration. But the shape of the water system still retained.

Beijing is overdeveloped, and the shape of the water system is incomplete. The water is polluted seriously because of the lack of use.

Floating farming are implanted around the city water system. Floating islands swim in the water system and promote the regeneration of the water system.

Floating farming activate the city water system completely. As the problem of dearth in high-density cities is solved, historical rivers can reappear.

1800

1949

2014

2035

2050

Ming-Qing Dynasty Beijing

Modern Beijing

Contemporary Beijing

Thirty years later

Thirty-five years later Number of vertical farming

Degree of food shortage Beginning of urban sprawl Integrality of city water system

Implantation of vertical farming

Evolution of Water System in Beijing 28

Superposed City [ 叠城记 ] Research & Conservation Urban Design of Shicha Lake Area Project type: Graduation project Date: Mar. 2014 - Jun. 2014, 16 weeks Tutor: Prof. Bo Zhang Site: Beijing, China

The historical district of Beijing Shicha Lake is located in the central axis of old Beijing city, besides the west side of the street, and adjoins to the Shicha Lake area. This region inherits the traditional cultural context, including geography, history, architecture and cultural humanity.

After the studying of the environment, historical changes and urban image of the Shicha Lake historical district, this design tried to reproduce the prosperity of former historical area. Therefore, the methods to achieving the goal of new exploration with the old city renewal are to combine with Chinese old city renewal cases, to ensure the traditional Taoist spirit “Unity of man and nature” as the cultural connotation, and to use the operating data of visualization overlay technique.

29

30

d

a b

e Temple of Earth

Site

c

Bell Tower Drum Tower

f

Shicha Lake

[a] Old building

North Lake Temple of Moon Forbidden City

Site of Fu Jen University

Prince Gong's Mansion

Temple of Sun Imperial Ancestral Temple

Fushan Temple

Zhengyang Door

Temple of Heaven

[b] Courtyard

Yongding Door

Huixian Restaurant Muoruo Guo’s Residence

Site Analysis The axis of old Beijing city establishes the unique city order from south to north. Based on the principle of central axis, the city sets the up and down space division and bilateral symmetry of urban space form. The designing location in Beijing is in the segment of Shicha Lake with the north-south axis, which is the core of the most beautiful landscape area in the north central axis.

Shicha Lake Sports School

[c] Hutung

[d] The street

The land scope is a city space design core area enclosed by a T-crossing street formed by “Qianhai north” “Qianhai west street” and “Dingfu street”. It is an important penetrating area and public space node of Shicha Lake and Dianmen west street zone.

[e] Public plaza

The types of urban-space forms are rich in the base scope, including constructions, streets and varied square forms, which reveals the contradiction and complexity of the historic district.

[11]

Chestnut & Melon seed

[09]

Moruo Guo

[04]

[06]

North Lake Park

[01]-[02]Culture of ancient capital

[12]

[01]Sea of tile: The grey tile on the Chinese traditional building roof; [02] Hutong: The main space of daily activities and the memory of old people in Beijing

[03]-[05]Culture of traditional architecture

[05] Shen He

[03]Prince Gong's Mansion: The biggest mansion of monarch in Qing Dynasty; [04]Drum Tower: The highest building in the site area; [05]North Lake Park: Historic imperial garden of China

[06]-[08]Culture of leisure activity [09]-[10]Culture of characteristic commerce [08] Nanguanfang Hutong

[01] Sea of tile

[02]

Rickshaw

[07]

[06]Skating: The most popular sport on the lake; [07]Cruise: A common way to travel on the Shicha Lake; [08]Rickshaw: A common way to travel in the Hutong

[10]

[09]

Bar street Cruise

31

Drum Tower

[03]

Barbershop

Shicha Lake historic district is a mixture of tangible and intangible city. Tangible city refers to city pattern and texture with courtyards and hutongs. Intangible city refers to various historical and cultural values which are inherent in the region.

Tangible city is the skeleton of the intangible city, and intangible city is the soul of the tangible city. Both tangible and intangible elements work together to build a unique urban space and cultural features.

Skating

Prince Gong's Mansion

Tangible & Intangible City

[f] Water area

[09]Chestnut & Melon seed: Famous dry fruits in Beijing; [10]Bar street: New industry of Shicha Lake in recent years

[11]-[12]Culture of celebrities [11]Moruo Guo's former residence: Famous writer in China; [12]Shen He: Famous statesman in Qing Dynasty and The first generation master of Prince Gong

Evolution of Urban Structure

Outer city

Inner city

Imperial city

Imperial city Inner city [ 三里 ] 1.5km

1267

1368

1530

[ 三里 ] 1.5km

[北]

[ 三里 ] 1.5km [ 三里 ] 1.5km

[ 三里 ] 1.5km

Outer city

[ 三里 ] 1.5km North

[西] East

[宫] [Palace]

[东] West

[南] South The diagram in "Zhouli· Kaogongji" [ 周礼考工记 ]

1949

[ 金朝 - 中都 ]

[ 元朝 - 大都 ]

[ 明朝 - 北京 ]

[ 清朝 - 北京 ]

Jin Dynasty - Zhongdu

Yuan Dynasty - Dadu

Ming Dynasty - Beijing

Qing Dynasty - Beijing

Republic of China - Beijing

[ 民国 - 北京 ]

The water of Shicha Lake was not included in the scope of the capital city of Jin dynasty.

In the capital of Yuan dynasty, Shicha Lake was located in the center of the city, the terminal of water transportation and the transport hub, drove the surrounding area bustling.

In Ming dynasty, the south city wall cut off the upstream water of Shicha Lake, that made the water level decreased and lost its transport function, gradually, it became a scenic spot.

In Qing dynasty, the overall layout didn’t change much, Heshen (a government official) started building an embankment for Shicha Lake, that contribute a lot to the development of palaces and boites which near Shicha Lake.

In Republic period, the west side of the Shicha Lake' embankment was filled, caused by gradual clogs. Because of urban development, a great deal of architectures aside the river bank were given a modern function.

The diagram in "Zhouli· Kaogongji" recorded the ideology of capital planning in ancient China. The structure of Beijing city evolved from the Dadu in 13th century and reflected the planning thought which was recorded in this book.

Research of Artwork & City Image Site Area

Huo De Zhen Jun Temple [ 火德真君庙 ]

Drun Tower [ 鼓楼 ]

Bell Tower [ 钟楼 ]

"Tian Qu Dan Que" [ 天衢丹阙 ] - Scenery scroll painting of old Beijing axis

From "Tian Qu Dan Que" , we can obviously found that in Shicha Lake history zone well preserved and high class cultural architectures are in an important position, and it lead the hole area. Till now, it plays a significant role in city landscape and function. Other residential buildings are within a same scale, color and mode, and it formed old Beijing city pattern texture.

Constitutive principle of Beijing city is similar to "The Chess of Go"[ 围棋 ].

Some pawns can occupy the key position so that they can control the whole situation. The important historic buildings in historical area look like the key-pawns in chessboard.

“The Chess of Go” [ 围棋 ]

The city image of the Shicha Lake area 32

Field Survey of Site

[1] Proportion relationship

From proportion, main colors, visual communication, the mode of doors and windows, format content and plane space these five aspects, I investigated all buildings in site scope, then made a corresponding evaluation.

Here, intercept the architectures from the north side of the middle part Qianhai North Street, and detailed display the whole process of this research.

The structure of ancient Beijing is formed by a common construct technique, which is arrange some high class of important architectures on the city axis to lead the unified form, it has a unity and outstanding dialectical relationship. Meanwhile, architectures have the similar segment ratio relationship.

Unified & Highlight

1940s Qianmen Street

Zhanzi Hutong

[2] Main color

[阳 ]

Gold

[阴 ] E

[白虎] Tiger

In Chinese culture, there are some certain relationship between Wuxing, Wuse, Sixiang, Liangji. In order to accentuate the noble red and yellow color from significant architectures, many of Chinese traditional residential buildings’ main color is humble grey. In the site scope, some of the buildings with modern color elements does not meet this traditional color rules.

Drum Tower Red dot

Bell Tower Red dot

[木]-W-Green [水]-N-Black [金]-E-White

Grey zones Nidering

[金]

W

[青龙] Dragon Wood

Qianhai North Street

[火]-S-Red

[木]

N [土] Earth S

Fire [火] Rosefinch [朱雀]

Liuyin Street

[土]-C-Yellow

[玄武] Tortoise Water

Exalted

[水]

Multiunit colour system

[3] Visual communication

Reading order M ng

Dingfu Street

Guang

Da

Optic center

Zheng

Wooden/Black lacquer Chinese Calligraphy Title section of author Sculpting /Gilding

Qianhai West Street

Main hall of Palace of Heavenly Purity

[正大光明]：Be open and aboveboard

Plaque is the main way of visual communication. It is widely use in a prominent position and become a visual center in space, meanwhile, it convey information of the imperial power, culture, character and belief to people.

In the site scope, some of the modern signature is departure from traditional painting plaque which affects the historical block appearance.

[4] Form of Doors & windows Route of survey Research objectives Near-road buildings Buildings in courtyard

Guangliang [ 广亮大门 ]

Jinzhu [ 金柱大门 ]

Manzi [ 蛮子门 ]

Chuihua [ 垂花门 ]

Qiangyuan [ 墙垣式门 ]

Example range of field survey House number

Property

Category

Type of operation

01

No.15, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Restaurant/Shop Residence

Staple food, Stinky toufu, Handicraft Xinjiang food, Fabrics, Fruit Wholesale

02

No.13, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Restaurant/Shop

Pixiu shop, Soybean milk, Beijing snack

03

No.11, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Restaurant/Shop

Ruyi shop, Hat shop

04

No.09, Qianhai West Street

Residential

Residence

Indigenous resident

05

No.07, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Restaurant Residence

Luzhu food, Hejian donkey burger

06

No.05, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Shop

Jiufu tearoom, Jiayashuo shop

Exalted

Nidering

[5] Function

Breakfast stall [ 早点铺 ]

No.03, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Architecture information in survey area 33

Restaurant Residence

Xiancuiyuan restaurant

Along with time, some function formats spontaneously formed to adapt the needs of local people in Beijing.

Over time, historical streets transformed to tourist zone, the residential function of traditional courtyard dwellings are gradually replaced by commercial, and appeared many commercial formats which appearance are not suitable in a historical block.

Barber [ 理发馆 ]

[6] Plane space Back room Principal room East room

07

The form of doors and windows are in a strict hierarchy in Beijing’s traditional courtyard houses. Different form and different class of doors and windows indicate the social class of the owner. In the site scope, some traditional doors and windows were replaced with modern style doors and windows because of quality problems, and that affects the historical block appearance.

3 1

West room

2 1

2

Erjin yard [ 二进院 ]

Sanjin yard [ 三进院 ]

Front room

Siheyuan [ 四合院 ]

1

Yijin yard [ 一进院 ]

Traditional courtyard house of Beijing is formed by a group of architectures as the basic cell, different class of buildings matched different courtyard decorations.

Over time, due to the decline in the quality of these architectures, reservation courtyards are uneven. The texture of traditional courtyard houses were damaged.

Proportion relationship

Untraditional colour

Main colour

Visual communication

Untraditional signage

Form of Doors & windows Untraditional doors & windows

Commercial Restaurant-Xiancuiyuan

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Commercial Shop-Jiayashuo shop

Commercial Shop-Jiufu tearoom

Commercial Restaurant-Donkey burger

Commercial Restaurant-Luzhu

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Commercial Shop-Hat shop

Commercial Shop-Ruyi shop

Commercial Shop-Pixiu shop Commercial Restaurant-Beijing snack Commercial Shop-Soybean milk Commercial Shop-Pixiu shop

Commercial Shop-Fruit Wholesale Residential Residence-Indigenous Commercial Shop-Fabrics Commercial Restaurant-Xinjiang food Commercial Shop-Handicraft

Commercial Restaurant-Stinky toufu

Commercial Shop-Staple food

07 06 05 04 03 02 01

Function

Untraditional building

Plane space

34

Ideology of Urban Planning

Discussion of Old City Renewal Strategy

“Liang and Chen plan” was purposed for the capital Beijing

by Sicheng Liang and Zhanxiang Chen in 1950. Through the view of whole protection from the physical form to the social network, they planned a two-centric model for future sustainable development of Beijing to continue the social structure and cultural eco-city. But ultimately, “Liang and Chen plan” was not implemented for political reasons, and the resulting problems have spread to everyone in this city.

[Renewal the old as the new] Some historic district adopted the method with “renewal the old as the new,” which means demolishing the lower quality of existing buildings or poor architectural style of historic buildings to rebuild the new “ancient style” neighborhoods texture. As a result, artificially excessive intervention caused the structured and rigid form of historic district, single and awkward architectural scale, eliminated social networks of old people.

Newly building area [political & economic function] Old city area [commercial, cultural & residential function] Old city wall

Liang-Chen Project [ 梁陈方案 ] Shicha Lake [ 什 刹 海 ] historical & cultural conservation area Site location

Conservation Planning of 25 Historic Areas in Beijing Old City

Beijing formulated the “Conservation Planning of 25 Historic Areas in Beijing Old City” in 2002, including Shicha Lake area. This planning could provide important basis for the design of the project undertaken.

Ideology of Taoist School

[Renewal the old as the old] Some other historic district adopted the method with “renewal the old as the old,” which means developing the partial renovation of existing buildings with traditional techniques, such as decorating facades according to the traditional architectural features or adding glazed tiles on the roof eave, to achieve visual harmony and unity with the old effect. Therefore, this method will lead to the spatial organization of modern architectural forms putting on a brand new coat of traditional decorative elements.

New “ancient style” buildings

[Renewal the old as the unity of heaven and man] For the both methods of urban renewal, there is a lot of confusion in our mind. First, for the “renewal the old as the new,” the complete demolition is not desirable, and also lost its meaning of “protection and renewal.” Not only the buildings are reestablished, but also the inherent lifestyle is replaced. Second, for “renewal the old as the old,” the method is only decorating the traditional style of the exterior modifications outside the building. From the surface, this process is to restore the traditional neighborhoods style, but in fact, their spatial relationship of ways and scale cannot meet the current needs of industry development and function.

Glazed tiles on the roof eave

What should we do? I think that the historic building in the process of each era with urban development arising, which including traditional style buildings and modern architecture, also reflects the evolution process of urban culture. This process integrated cultural identity and historical characteristics of different periods, so it should not seems like the relationship with the “new” and the “old”. The “new” and “old” should be relative. We should use the whole conception of history and unity of time to watch the developing of historic district, and to distinguish physical form, spatial structure, architectural forms, industrial model, neighborhood patterns and social network during different periods. So that historic buildings can follow its own developing principle to promote the selfrenewal and development.

New building in historic district

Therefore, I would use the “Heaven-men Unity” ideology of Taoism to apply to the methods with protecting the old city, and use the research methods of “visualization of the data overlay” into the designing process to restore the historical evolution of the goal. As a result, urban renewal pattern could transfer to the “restore the place of memory space” direction from the “form the pure shape space.” One can feel the evolution of the time dimension in place, create an active transfer mode communication history information through space mapping, passive receiver mode before a brief historical information instead.

Objection to the demolition

Strategy of old city renewal

Form the pure shape space

Renewal old as new [修新如旧]

Remove old buildings complete and creat new archaized buildings

Renewal old as old [修旧如旧]

Renovate existing buildings into the archaize appearance

“Unity of Man & Nature” [天人合一]

Use whole conception of history and unity of time to treat historic district

Restore the traditional style superficial

Historica is new ?

Fake history

Which dynasty history is ?

Messy history

Traditional space isn’t easy to use

Cavitary history

Restore the place of memory space

Lao Tzu [ 老子 ], the ancient Chinese philosopher and thinker, the founder of the Taoist School [ 道家 ]

“Unity of Man and Nature” [ 天人合一 ] is also about harmony with natural form and human spirit—the basic ideology of Taoist school.

The mean is "to govern by doing nothing that going with nature" This idea also can be applied to the field of urban design.

35

Restore the processing of the historical evolution

Real & visible history

Visualization of the data overlay Site research

Formulate the evaluation system

Density quantification

Converted to image

Density image overlay

[Density of building's style] × 25%

80%-Structure & retaining system complete, facilities fully equipped 50%-Structure & retaining system incomplete, facilities not well equipped Density of building's quality

20%-Structure & retaining system shoddy, virtually no facilities

90%-National/ Municipal/ Regional heritage conservation Units

[Density of building's style] × 25%

70%-Traditional & modern building with certain historical & artistic value 50%-Traditional building which is in harmony with traditional style 30%-Contemporary building which is in harmony with traditional style Density of building's style

10%-Other building which is not in harmony with traditional style

[Density of building's height] × 25% 80%-One storey building [0-4m] 60%-Two storey building [5-8m]

Overlay of different density layers

40%-Three storey building [9-12m]

Density of building's height

20%-Four storey building [13-16m]

Visualization of Data Overlay [Density of building's age] × 25% 80%-1850-1900 [Qing Dynasty] 60%-1900-1950 [Republic of China] 40%-1950-2000 [P. R. China] Density of building's age

20%-2000-Persent [P. R. China]

First, through the findings of researching, to formulate an evaluation system on the base range of all buildings with four important indicators: quality of construction, architectural style, building height and construction time.

Secondly, to transfer the results from researching to an evaluation of different densities with color indexes: used the extent of color depth to build quantitative evaluation of index analysis system, and rendered the findings with intuitive picture language.

Finally, to make different densities into sectioned by different layers after diluted and to superimpose. By overlay operation, to obtain the integrate concentration map, and accordingly to develop operational measures to protect and renewal.

36

Generation of Renewal’s Measures According to the different density color on the integrate concentration map, I delimit the zone of similar color and formulate the measures to protect and renewal the buildings which are located in the site scope.

Through this operation rule, all the existent buildings in the site scope can be protected and regenerated in a feasible way, and the new site plan of can be generated.

[Step 01]

[Step 02]

[Step 03] Process of overlay operation

Integrate concentration map

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

100%

0%

[65% - 50%] Complete preservation & Partial restoration Physical model of different layers 37

Operational measures

[50% - 30%] Mainly preservation & Partial reform

[30% - 20%] Complete demolish & Rebuild again

20

01 22

06 03

04

05

10

08 07

17

09

16

21

18

20

22

15 02 [01 ] Prince Gong's Mansion [02] Muoruo Guo’s Residence [03] Site of Fu Jen University [04] Huixian Restaurant [05] Fushan Temple [06] Moon River restoration [07] Fushan Temple fair square [08] Prince Gong's Mansion square [09] Pedicab parking square [ 10] Moon River culture square [ 11 ] Shicha Lake view square

Site Plan

0 5

20

[12 ] Traditional acupuncture hospital [13 ] Chinese traditional sport school [14 ] Shadow play performance center [15 ] Peking opera art center [16 ] Museum of Shicha Lake's culture [17 ] Teahouse street of waterfront [18 ] Interactive food workshop [19 ] Traditional crafts workshop [20] Research center of buddhist culture [21 ] Tourist service center [22] Commercial-Residential mix area

11

14

13

12

19

12

40m

38

Bird's-eye View 39

Analysis Diagram of Urban Design

Original figure & ground

New figure & ground

C

M C

E

R M

E

M M

M

C

C

C C

[C ] Culture [E ] Education [ R ] Religion [H] Healthcare [M] Business & Residence

Partition of function

Opposite scenery with island Permeation of lake scenery History cultural building Interface of history building

Visual experience

M

H

E C

M

Greenbelt Square Water

Distribution of open space

Fromal passage Informal passage

Fromal & informal passage 40

Lost in SOHO [ 迷失 SOHO] Attention Dynamics: Attraction & Disttraction Project type: Collaborative studio Date: Jan. 2014 - Feb. 2014, 1.5 weeks Partner: Mingsi Guan, Rui Peng, Zuci He, Litong Zeng, Xuanyi Lou, Congyue Wang, Meiling Zheng, Maggie Mai & Michelle Choi Tutor: Liqun Zhao, Shuai Feng & Di Ding Workshop: 2014 AA Beijing Visiting School Site: Beijing, China

The exponential growth in complexity of the city of Beijing is due to the emergence of the mass data networks in the past few decades. Despites those whose seemingly maneuverability people has been conscious of and satisfied by, the majority of them are well below the water level of conscious awareness.

We seek to reveal the hidden message that has been conducted from the fundamental spatial arrangement of the city context, all the level up to the graphic or stereo attention- manipulators in the ‘urban consumer land’, achieving a balance in-between the tractability arid the neglected ungovernable beauty of the data realm: "Attraction and Distraction".

41

42

Research Background

Photogrammetry in Sanlitun

Beijing, known for its historical graded urban context, has already owned 10 SOHOs. Through looking into their commercial approaches opened up to the surrounding urban blocks, we are presented with a "data pool" of how in real life muftilayered dimensions of information could influence the social dynamics of consumers, physiologically and behaviorally.

Beijing Sanlitun Village is a mature commercial space, bustling crowds and full of vitality. In the processing of designing, we hoped to analyze the factors, which could attract the people through field survey in the plaza of Sanlitun Village.

We call the factor which could cause the human behavior’s phenomenon of attraction and distraction as “attractor”. Human could convey the perceived signal to each corresponding area in the cerebral cortex through the "Five senses", thus would change their behavior mode.

A series of surveys will be encouraged to bring the fascinating spatial qualities and mental mechanisms that had been discovered into a visualised level, and further proposing an advance schedule for the newly constructed Galaxy SOHO in the coming 50 years.

[Touch] [Taste] [Sight]

[Hearing]

[Smell]

Attractors of entrance plaza in Sanlitun Village

Five senses of people

Wangjing SOHO Zhongguancun SOHO Danling SOHO

Researh object Sanlitun Village

Sanlitun Village Sanlitun SOHO

Gallaxy SOHO

Improvement object

SOHO Shangdu

Gallaxy SOHO

Guanghua SOHO Jianwai SOHO Huacheng SOHO

Ten SOHOs in Beijing

01

Sampling in Sanlitun Village

Data mapping in Galaxy SOHO

03

Reorganization design in Galaxy SOHO

Photogrammetry in Sanlitun Village plaza space

Following shot & recording the data changeing of environment

Determine the strategy of attractor’s updata based on the appreciable grade

Determining the location of the attractor by the result of photogrammetry

Status quo & evaluation of attractors based on the video & data

Formulate the proposed design strategy of each attractor

Choice 6 attractors and make the analysis and pedestrian simulation

Arrangement of attract mode based on the Space Syntax theory

Real-time Simulation & Outcome Comparison

Research process 43

Two research objectives

02

We used the photogrammetry in Sanlitun Village, and made a continuous shooting to two main plaza space in equal interval time. Through this way, we could catch the people’s density, velocity and trajectory, then realized the visual expression through the operation of overlay.

In the measurement results, the main trend of the shadow represents the major direction of the people flow, and the degree of the shadow’s depth represents the density of people flow, so the shadow area of conferted people show the position of attractor which effects the human behavior.

After determining the type of attractors, we had a selection of six kinds of universal attractor, and analyze by four aspects: the proportion of the number being attracted, the change of their direction after being attracted, attractor’s actuating range and the change of their walking speed. At meanwhile, we designed the process of real-time simulation for each attractor in Sanlitun village square space at the same time.

Attractors of central plaza in Sanlitun Village

Analysis & Pedestrian Simulation of Six Attractors

Installation

Translucency

Surrounding smell

Glare

LED screen

About 20% of people are attracted by the LED lights curled around the trees in the Village.

About 25% of people are affected by large-scale installation, such as display-car and statue.

About 40% of the people are beattracted to these dimdiffusion to find out what is behind those shops.

Smell is a non-visible factor affecting people flow of direction. About 30% of people are affected by this factor.

90% of people would be affected by the glare, causing a reaction according to our survey.

About 10% of people are affected by the huge LED Screen facade of building in Sanlitun plaza.

People have a clear tendency to accelerate towards the light. But, the walking direction remains constant.

Having spotted an installation, people would deviate from their original route.

After stop, they would continue their journey, with a minor adjustment of direction.

With a desire to get closer to the Attractor, people would behave with a slight change of direction to go towards the Attractor.

The affected people are in search of a place to dine but without a fixed idea. Diffused smell would alter their progression as they are attracted to it.

People would unconsciously sheer from the bright light. Direction of their general advancement remain unchanged.

Despite its large surface, it does not affect people’s progression no matter if they are standing far from or close to the screen.

The lights in the Village are very vivid, causing an all rounded coverage of attraction.

The installations are more recognizable from far away targeting a long distance 360 degree effect.

Translucent surfaces and diffused light conditions as an attractor comes with an inconsistency factor. It is thus effective within the visible realm, attracting close circle of people.

Smell diffuses from around the restaurant operates with the by-factor of air-flow, different orientation display a vary degree of effect.

Glare caused by the refractive surface material and distance between buildings. Its effect is conditioned within a calculable distance range.

As people get too close to the screen, they no longer get the whole view of it.

In another words, the LED screen loses its attracting power from its intimate surrounding due to height disposition.

While passing by the lights, people would slow down due to its brightness.

Then return to its original state having passed by those lights.

People who are attracted would slow down and stop. People’s walking speed would return to its original state after they finished stop.

People would walk slow down as approaching towards the attractor, but would not stop completely in the front of it.

People would decelerate while affected by the smell. After having a clear direction, they would fasten their pace towards it.

Within the glare affected area, people would react hiding away. Speeding up is a result of such reaction.

When people further away from the LED screen, they will slow down to watch the screen.

attracted

unattracted

Light source

Direction map of installations

Direction map of transparency

Direction map of smell

Direction map of glare

Direction map of LED screen

Density map of light source

Density map of installations

Density map of transparency

Density map of smell

Density map of glare

Density map of LED screen

max

middle

Direction map of light source

44

Data Mapping in Galaxy SOHO

Data recording

We used shoot and aerial means to photo the random sample in Galaxy SOHO square space, recorded the changes of behavior between the sample and attractors in the process of their interaction, and used environmental data collection to record the surrounding samples in the process of moving on temperature, humidity, brightness, sound and other aspects of the data changes in a unit of time.

We combined the sample of video with interaction of behavior change and the detecting data changes in the surrounding environment, determined the position of the attractor in Galaxy SOHO square space, and evaluated the status quo.

ee

r sc n

0 39.4 20.4 119 348 100697 618 0 38.4 20.4 121 363 105732 615 0 37.4 20.4 123 376 110767 600 0 37.4 20.4 123 373 115802 600 0 37.4 20.4 123 374 120837 607 0 37.4 20.4 125 375 125872 612 0 37.4 20.4 125 375 130906 614 0 37.4 20.4 127 374 135941 611

2 656 0 37.4 20.4 90 302 2 693 0 37.4 20.4 88 302 2 686 0 37.4 20.4 87 303 2 699 0 37.4 20.4 86 301 2 700 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 2 694 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 2 700 0 37.4 20.4 88 300 2 690 0 37.4 20.4 88 300

e th

1 39.4 12.4 77 323 75520 451 1 45.4 12.4 78 307 80555 453 1 45.4 12.4 78 307 85590 452 1 45.4 12.4 78 306 90624 493 1 45.4 12.4 77 295 95659 455 1 46.4 12.4 78 303 100694 470 1 44.4 12.4 79 259 105729 499 1 45.4 12.4 81 278 110764 504

on

0 656 0 37.4 20.4 90 302 0 693 0 37.4 20.4 88 302 0 686 0 37.4 20.4 87 303 0 699 0 37.4 20.4 86 301 0 700 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 0 694 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 3 700 0 37.4 20.4 88 300 0 690 0 37.4 20.4 88 300

d

2 37.4 15.4 87 300 50347 704 2 37.4 15.4 87 300 55382 697 2 37.4 15.4 89 300 60417 718 2 37.4 15.4 88 299 65451 697 2 37.4 15.4 88 323 70486 698 2 36.4 15.4 85 323 75521 689 2 36.4 15.4 84 321 80556 674 2 36.4 15.4 86 309 85591 673

e lay sp

1 37.4 20.4 87 301 30208 700 1 37.4 20.4 88 300 35241 690 1 37.4 20.4 88 300 40276 705 1 37.4 20.4 89 300 45312 704 1 37.4 15.4 87 300 50347 704 1 37.4 15.4 87 300 55382 697 1 37.4 15.4 89 300 60417 718 1 37.4 15.4 88 299 65451 697

Di

/ Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO /

Light source Mainly with ground lights distributed in each of the major entrance, the smaller proportion was not noticeable.

Installation Uniformly distributed on both sides of the main path, mainly with the flower beds and seats,the attraction and interaction was weak.

Translucency

Pla

The number of shops and business was lack, which caused lack of business shops, and had not been fully utilized.

ce

d

on

Glare

th

e

ha

nd

Glare district was located in the lower level of the office, and would have developed an impact on pedestrians.

ca

rt

LED screen Distributed on the commerce at the bottom’s vertical interface scattered, and did not form a continuous effect.

Following shot & Data mapping

Co

ntr

ole

db

yi

Ph

on

e

Status quo & evaluation of attractors

Aerial photography by flying camera 45

Environmental data collector

From A to B 01:38.50 - 01:49.50

Start to be attracted

Object walk into the plazza

01:39.00

01:38.50

Object pass through Installations

01:39.50

01:40.00

unattracted

01:40.50

01:41.00

01:45.50

01:42.00

01:41.50

No attractor effect

Installations attractor effect/Last 2.5s 01:42.50

01:43.00

01:43.50

01:44.00

01:44.50

01:45.00

01:47.00

01:47.50

01:48.00

01:48.50

01:49.00

01:49.50

01:46.00

01:46.50

No attractor effect

From A to B 01:50.00 - 02:00.00

Object take photos for the Transparency faced

01:51.00

01:50.50

01:51.50

01:52.00

01:56.00

01:56.50

01:59.50

02:00.00

02:01.50

02:02.00

02:02.50

02:06.00

02:06.50

02:07.00

02:10.50

02:11.00

02:11.50

unattracted

Same attractor

01:50.00

Same attractor

Object look toward the transparency faced

Translucency attractor effect/Last 5.5s

Same attractor

Start to be attracted

01:52.50

01:53.00

01:53.50

01:56.00

01:56.50

01:57.00

Translucency attractor effect/Last 5.5s 01:54.50

01:55.50

01:55.00

Start to be attracted

No attractor effect 01:58.00

unattracted

01:59.00

01:58.50

01:54.00

Object look toward the kids

01:57.50

LED screen attractor effect/Last 2.5s Running kids attractor effect/Last 1s

From A to B 02:00.50 - 02:12.00

Same attractor 02:00.50

Object look toward the Information board

02:01.00

Start to be attracted

02:03.00

02:03.50

02:07.50

02:08.00

02:04.00

02:04.50

unattracted

Information board attractor effect/Last 1s 02:05.00

02:05.50

02:09.50

02:10.00

Start to be attracted

Object walk along the light

unattracted

No attractor effect 02:08.50

02:09.00

02:12.00

Object walk into the subway station Light source attractor effect/Last 6s

Analysis of Following Shot Vedio 46

Analysis of Appreciable Area

01:40.00 - 01:49.00

[01:41.00]

[01:40.00]

[01:42.00]

[01:43.00]

[01:44.00]

B

A

[01:45.00]

[01:46.00]

[01:48.00]

[01:47.00]

[01:49.00]

Visual field of every moments [A-B]

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual field [A-B]

01:50.00 - 01:59.00

C

[01:50.00]

[01:51.00]

[01:52.00]

[01:53.00]

[01:54.00]

B

[01:55.00]

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual field [B-C]

[01:56.00]

[01:57.00]

[01:58.00]

[01:59.00]

Visual field of every moments [B-C]

02:00.00 - 02:09.00

D

C [02:00.00]

02:00.50 - 02:12.00

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual field [C-D] 47

[02:05.00]

Visual field of every moments [C-D]

[02:01.00]

[02:06.00]

[02:02.00]

[02:07.00]

[02:03.00]

[02:08.00]

[02:04.00]

[02:09.00]

E

D C B

Attract mode of attractor

Attractor arrangement of each area

Attraction ability of each area

A

Max

Min

District A

A District B

B District C

C District D

D

Dot attractor

District E

E

Region attractor

Border attractor

Arrangement of attractors in different appreciable grade

Model of different grade in appreciable area

Arrangement of Attract Mode Space Syntax theory, purposed by Professor Bill Hillier in UCL Bartlett School, is a research and development of a space form composition analysis techniques in the past 20 years. This Space Syntax theory was applied to analyze the perceived space of Galaxy SOHO Square area. Through software of simulation samples by the Syntax2D at each time point in the travel path of the perceived

spatial extent, this method could overlay the image, and obtain the spatial perception of the situation.

Using five different colors could express different levels of perceived space. Based on the different extent of their perceived attraction, the design arranged the varying degrees of attraction factors.

48

Combination of path and visual information

Light source

Form of luminescence

Scope of influence

Shape of path

The complex illumination system can include the function of path, lighting and product information display. People can receive the information by mobile phone, and send it to the illumination system.

Illumination system can form a luminescent path which shows the way to the destination shop by control the number of luminescent unit and display the information of product in the march toward the shop.

N-pole

Installation

S-pole

Landmark

AD

Glass of adjustable transparency

Ima

ge

70%

attraction effect

Translucency

Enframed scenery

A new installation system can change the shape and combination mode by itself.

This system is made up of many particles which can connect by magnetic field, they can form many random spaces with different shape and different function.

Exhibition

50%

30%

10% Shop

info

different transparency of glass

Glass of adjustable transparency can make image information presented in different effect.

Intermediateness between clearness and indistinctness has the strong attraction to the people.

Surrounding smell

Shop

Restaurant People spreads average in the space

People has minute reaction to the smell

People is attracted completely by the smell

Light reflected through the glasses and causing glare. Replace glass with sun-protection glass, then the glass’s angle will be changed by solar energy control devices.

Glare

Glare influences the traffic

LED screen LED screen

Installations

Light source

Surrounding smell

Transparency

Glare

Reorganization Design of Attractors in Galaxy SOHO 49

Heliodisplay is an air-based projection system. By utilizing dry micron-size atomized particles in mid-air, heliodisplay allows for dual viewing when combined with two light sources. This 3D projection systems could accommodate multiple viewing from diverse angles.

People standing at different angles or even of different levels would be shown different advertisements.

Glare form the path

Glare form the shadow path

Through the combination of different angle‘s glass, glare area changes into the path with shadow effect and controls the direction of circulation.

Plaza space

People approaches 3D projection system

People enters the identifiable range

3D projection generates heliodisplay for people

Real-time Simulation & Outcome Comparison

[Simulation of present situation] We used the information of status’ attractor in Galaxy SOHO Square space to input processing, and to simulate the flowing conditions in real-time. In the scenarios of the status, the attracting people is in a fewer percentage of the numbers in Galaxy SOHO Square.

However, as time progressed, some attracted people were easy to gather in the middle of the square open area, which was densely distributed in the status of attractors.

attracted

unattracted

Phase [a]

Phase [b]

Phase [c]

Phase [d]

Outcome of realtime simulation

Phase [a]

Phase [b]

Phase [c]

Phase [d]

Outcome of realtime simulation

[Simulation of reorganization design] We presented the situation after the recombined information to input processing again for crowd simulation situation in Galaxy SOHO Square space.

In the simulation of recombined design, the number of proportion, which was being attracted, had been greatly improved. And the attracting crowds homogeneously spread in the direction of random diversity in the square space.

attracted

unattracted

50

Supplements Model Making, Other Work, Practice Project & Art Work

This section displays some other works including two real scale physical models which were made by my team and me together, six academic architecture design and urban design in different stages, six practice projects, three art works and three photography works. These works were during 2009 to 2014.

51

52

Impression of Industry Perception of Material & Shape Design of Chair Project type: Collaborative competition Date: Nov. 2009 - Dec. 2009, 6 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang, Jiajun Han & Lu Gao Tutor: Prof. Ling Jiang & Prof. Xiaobin Wang Competition: The 2th NCUT “The Chair in My Mind” Design Competition, Best Design Award

We hoped to express the memory recall of industrial era by the chair in the initial stage.

But unfortunately in the production phase， the material cost and the difficulty of production process caused great obstacles. Finally, we found the factories, which gave us the discount on the cost by our sincerely attitude, and we participated in the actual processing. Through this producing experience, I realized the hardships of compromise for design by the balance of real entities and ideal.

What’s more, I cannot describe the feelings in words when I see our own design work completely built out in accordance with our ideas.

Use some tubularis to make 1:50 model

Purchas PVC tubes and other tools

Use some PVC tubes to make 1:2 model

Use steel tubes to make 1:1 final model

Truncation and connection

Paint silver powder for brighter

Process of modeling 53

Anshan Palace Structure Model Making of Anshan Palace Project type: Collaborative studio Date: Nov. 2009 - Dec. 2009, 6 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang & Si Chen Tutor: Prof. Bo Zhang, Lec. Weihua Lu Site: Beijing, China

By the detailed field mapping of Anshan Palace, we determined the size of the building wooden structures of the various components, learned to use the variety of woodworking machinery, and eventually made into a 1:10 physical model.

Anshan Palace is located in the central axis of Prince Gong's Mansion Garden with the traditional elegant architectural style, which is the main building on the Garden.

As a result, the biggest harvest of this design process was not only contributing a traditional Chinese wooden architecture systematic study of knowledge, but also promoting a teamwork exercise.

1:10 physical model

Site location

Process of modeling

Analysis of layers 54

Other Work

55

Symphony of Space

Design of Kindergarten

Enclosure & Harmony

Design of Space Base on the Fallingwater’s Space Rhythm

12 Classes Kindergarten Design of Enclosure Layout

Villa Design Base on Chinese Courtyard Space

Project type: Individual studio Date: Mar. 2010 - Apr. 2010, 6 weeks Tutor: Prof. Mingshuai Pan & Lec. Xiaobo Wang Competition: The 9th “Autodesk Cup” National Design Competition of Architecture Students, Prize for Excellence

Project type: Individual studio Date: Feb. 2011 - May. 2011, 14 weeks Tutor: Lec. Xiaowei Song & Prof. Ling Jiang Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Individual studio Date: Sep. 2010 - Nov. 2010, 8 weeks Tutor: Prof. Dong Jia & Lec. Xiaowei Song Site: Beijing, China

Cloud City

Urban Strategies in Historic Beijing

Design of HOPSCA in Beijing CBD

Site Analysis and Urban Proposals of Fayuan Temple Area

Living in the Western Mountain of Beijing Residence Zone Design of Shougang Industrial District

Project type: Individual studio Date: Sep. 2012 - Oct. 2012, 6 weeks Tutor: Prof. Deqing Bu & Xiaobin Wang Competition: The 5th “U+L New Thinking” Cup National Design Competition for College Students, Third Prize Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Collaborative studio Date: Jun. 2011 - Jul. 2011, 4 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang, Zijian Wang, Ryan Raskop, Daniel Schnizler, Roland Escalona Tutor: Prof. Irma Ramirez, Prof. Andy Wilcox & Prof. Bo Zhang Competition: The 2011 AICP Student Project Award, Applied Research Award Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Collaborative studio Date: Feb. 2013 - Jun. 2013, 16 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang Tutor: Prof. Hongran Zhang & Lec. Xubo Yang Site: Beijing, China

56

Practice Project

57

TBG Metro Station

Cultural Matrix

Design of Metro Line R1's Station

Design of Digital Culture Commerce HOPSCA

Neo-Chinese Style Facade Elevation Design of Wulu Office

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Greater Noida, India

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Beijing, China

Space Cabinet

Car Experience Museum

Jingyan Commerce Urban Complex

Design of Metro Line S1's Station

Preservation & Renovation of Heritage Building

Design of Commerce HOPSCA in Jingyan

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Fuzhou, Fujian, China

Project type: Practic project Project manager: Kevin Bai Site: Leshan, Sichuan, China

58

Art work

59

The Triumphal Arch of Titus

A Villa by The Lake

Ning Jing Zhi Yuan [ 宁静致远 ]

Pen & Ink Sketch

Watercolour Painting

Chinese Calligraphy

Date: Feb. 2010 Site: Rome, Italy

Date: Aug. 2010 Site: Beijing, China

Date: Aug. 2009 Site: Beijing, China

Tingyu Boat House [ 听雨舫 ]

Galaxy SOHO

National Grand Theater of China

Photography in Fucheng Xue's Former Residence

Photography in Galaxy SOHO

Photography in National Grand Theater of China

Date: Jan. 2014 Site: Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

Date: Feb. 2013 Site: Beijing, China

Date: Aug. 2011 Site: Beijing, China

60

Find the Exit The five years’ Architecture study like the process of feeling our way forwards and finding an exit in a dark passage, and this five-year period is too short for a field which can’t be comprehended completely in the whole lifetime. We usually experience and experiment in different fields with the state of starvation and confusion, and try my best to think about what we should do in the future and what is this people’s really need in this physical world.

Sometimes, we believe that we find an exit after completing a deep research in a field, but with the passage of time, the increase of experience and the intake of more extensive knowledge, we find that we enter a another darkness passage, back to black.

We keep drawing a circle, but at the end of circle it is another beginning. We keep imaging the new world in the future, but the expectant tomorrow become the yesterday quickly. There is no shortcut on the way of finding an exit, we must continue to explore the indiscernible black space steadily on this way to the exit.

Back in black, I hit the sack I've been too long, I'm glad to be back Yes I am, let loose from the noose That's kept me hanging about I've been looking at the sky 'cause it's gettin' me high Forget the hearse 'cause I never die I got nine lives, cat's eyes Abusin' every one of them and running wild Cause I'm back, yes I'm back Well, I'm back, yes I'm back Well, I'm back, back Well, I'm back, back Well, I'm back in black Yes, I'm back in black Back in the back of a Cadillac Number one with a bullet, I'm a power pack Yes, I'm in a bang with a gang They've got to catch me if they want me to hang Cause I'm back on the track and I'm beatin' the flack Nobody's gonna get me on another rap So look at me now, I'm just makin' my play Don't try to push your luck, just get out of my way —— [Back in Black] by AC/DC

Acknowledgement The completion of the portfolio owe to my instructors, Prof. Bo Zhang, Prof. Dong Jia, Prof. Wenjie Lin, for their valuable suggestion on my works and great support.

I sincerely appreciate to my mentors: Prof. Mingshuai Pan, Prof. Rui Yang, Prof. Deqing Bu, their tenacity and the wisdom to the architecture guide me unceasing progress and self-improvement.

Besides, I also want to express many thanks to Xiao Liu and Hongjiang Li. They let me know how important following the calling of my destiny and being myself even in the darkest hour.

Thanks to all those companions and tutors who has been studying with me in AA Visiting School, and all those friends who shares profound knowledge and penetrating insight with me in different stages of my life.

Especially Shuai Feng, Di Ding and Liqun Zhao, you tell me the overseas study life, give me the confidence of progress and show me the direction of the future.

Lastly, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my parents, for their selfless sacrifice, companion, patience and understanding in this study time of five years.

"Initiation Is Also The Final" [ 起始亦是终 ]

Tianyu Guo BArch, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China Mailing Address: Room 3A-203, No.47, Yuxin Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100054 Email: monisland@live.com Tel: +86-135 8173 1011