Vineyard Magazine May 2013

Isaiah 5:7 “for the vineyard of the Lord of Hosts is the House of Israel”.

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Glimpses of Israel

Lake Kinneret

Looking north, from Nugev lookout, toward Haluqim, Lavnun and Kursi beaches, and beyond to Ze'elon, Golan and Dugit beaches - eastern shore, Lake Kinneret.

2 Forty Years – Why not eleven days? s 5 The Mandate of God s 10 Rehab for a River 12 Tempting Tiberias Published by David House Fellowship Inc.

The Vineyard May 2013

— Why not eleven days?

MY DEAR FRIENDS, what a dismal dame is doubt! Doubt, drab-draped in dowdy dress and clutching, with fear-forked fingers, her unattractive brood about her skirts.

Distrust, Dismay, Despair, Discouragement, Dejection — these are among her many doleful daughters. Suspicion is the nutritionless food on which she feeds her fainting family, and fruitlessness, futility, and failure mark her devious and retrograde trail through the hesitating hollows of human history.

Doubt’s dampening and negatory influence paralyses progress, extinguishes expectancy, handcuffs hope, imposes inertia, and blasts and withers every green thing in life’s lavish landscape.

What is this weird fascination that draws our eyes to follow, so attentively, her melancholy movements? Is it because we feel some strange ancestral relationship, some pristine bond, that links us to her lineage? Is doubt the morbid mother of us all? God forbid!

It is true, as Heinrich Heine declares, that doubt is deeply fixed in man’s nature; nor can we fairly dispute him when he affirms that doubt to be justified. (Ludwig Marcus, 1844, F. Ewen, Poetry and Prose of Heinrich Heine, New York, Citadel Press, 1948, p. 668.)

But this, fortunately, is not the full picture.

Doubt, although the mother of many miserable and downcast daughters is, herself, only a daughter; for Doubt is the daughter of

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Mystery, and she has a twin sister, and that sister’s name is Faith.

Tenach into Greek in the third century before the Common Era titled the book Arithmoi.

(Deuteronomy)1:2 nevertheless took FORTY YEARS to fulfil.

How heartily I thank Rabbi Israel Mattuck of England (1883-1954) for the thought that Faith and Doubt are twin offspring of Mystery.

(H. Samuel. A Book of Quotations, London, Cresset Press, 1947)

This sound will remind you of our English word “arithmetic.” This title Arithmoi passed into Latin as Numeri and thus into English as Numbers.

Forty years! Why not eleven days? Because Doubt thus distorted and distended time’s brief highway and strewed its lanes with the carcasses of blasted hopes and perished prospects!

Faith, too, has her family; and there is a chronicle supreme where we can follow, with incalculable personal profit, the colorful contrast between Doubt’s cheerless children and Faith’s productive progeny.

The Mystery which gave birth to these twin daughters of Doubt and Faith is the mystery of God and Man, particularly as outworked in the Divine Call to Israel, and the chronicle of contrast to which I have referred is the Divinely-inspired Record of an eleven-day journey that took forty years to accomplish!

Think of it!

The name of this wealth-packed chronicle is known to English speaking readers by the unenlightening title Numbers, but to Hebrew readers by the more expressive designation Bemidbar, which means “in the wilderness.”

How comes this duel nomenclature for this fourth book of Moses? Well, in this sacred record we read that on two separate occasions (chapters 1-4 and chapter 26) the people of Israel were subjected to a census or numbering. Because of this numbering the seventy Alexandrian Jews who translated the

The Hebrew title, Bemidbar, is coined from a Hebrew word actually employed in the Hebrew phrase with which the book itself commences: ...

“And the Eternal spoke unto Moses in the wilderness …” (Numbers )1:1 Bemidbar, in the wilderness! Only those who know the contents of this amazing book can realize the significance of those words — “in the wilderness.”

Every syllable of that poignant phrase is taut with tragedy. Tragedy, in that it was a wilderness in which Israel found himself; double tragedy, in that Israel’s long sojourn there was unnecessary — it was a self-inflicted wound! And the dagger that inflicted the wound was in the hand of Doubt!

This, then, is the stupendous story of an eleven day’s journey that took forty years to accomplish!

Amazing fact! It seems incredible, but it is pathetically true. A journey of some 150 to 200miles, which, in those days, should have been covered in ELEVEN DAYS

This tragic record embedded in Bemidbar’s thirty-six chapters will repay our alert scrutiny for, if we discover its grim secret, we shall find and, I trust, possess a living principle of undying value. A principle, therefore, of enormous importance to you, to me, to Israel, and, indeed, to all mankind. Here, indeed, is a Treasure from Tenach. Let us unearth it.

Chronologically, there is a break of only one month between the erecting of the, Tabernacle, described in the concluding chapters of the second Book of Moses (Exodus), and the command to number the people of Israel as recorded in the opening chapters of this fourth Mosaic book, Bemidbar.

It was the wish of God to bring His people, whom He had just released from Pharaoh’s harsh hand, speedily to the full promised inheritance in the fair promised land.

The salvation of the Eternal, blessed be He, is always both FROM and TO. God’s people, redeemed FROM Egypt, were to proceed TO and inherit their priceless patrimony.

Israel was to move speedily from peril to a privilege, from a danger to a delight, from a

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The Mandate of God

loss to a largess, Mitzraim (Egypt) to the land of “milk and honey.”

Eleven days from ignominy to independence.

This was the gift of grace held out to Israel by the extended hand of God. It only needed Faith’s firm fingers to possess all that the Divine had given in beneficence.

Yet Bemidbar is not the Book of the Eleven days; it is the Book of the Forty years. Forty years of fruitlessness, futility, and frustration!

I have a title, however, that I choose for myself to bestow upon this chronicle. If we get into the habit of referring to it as the Book of the Forty years, we might be tempted to turn out thoughts backward into history and regard it as a grave in which events are forever buried.

My title for it is the Book of the Revelation of Attitudes and it challenges me to turn my thoughts, not so much backward into history, as inwards into my heart. It is not a grave for the past to enshroud, but a goad for the present to employ.

Since we shall be exploring together this valuable volume, let me give you a bird’s-eye view of its contents.

Because names conjure memories I have employed the names of three major localities mentioned in Bemidbar to suggest the movements which divide the Record into three sections.

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The first section I call Sinaitic, for it marks the anticipatory movement from Rameses to Mount Sinai covered by chapters 1 through to chapter 10, verse 10.

The second section I call Kadeshic for it signifies the aimless meandering from Kadesh back to Kadesh over the long period of 37½ years and brings us to the end of chapter 19.

The final section I call Neboic, for it describes the ultimate advance from Kadesh to Mt. Nebo extending from chapter 20 to the end of the Book.

Anticipation. Aimlessness. Advance. That is the sequence, and Doubt was the cause and cancer of the stalemate.

Do please accompany me in succeeding messages as we uncover a precious principle of practical value for this our day, and may we not be forty years in finding it.

Dr Lawrence Duff-Forbes (1900-1964) Founding Director of David House Fellowship Inc.

MY DEAR FRIENDS, in my last message I left you standing in the plain of Abel-Shittim opposite Jericho. It was not unkind of me to leave you there, for you were in good company and in beautiful surroundings.

Moses’ successor, Joshua, and the new generation of the children of Israel were your companions and the luxuriant wild flowers, scented oleanders, and graceful acacias gave sweet background to the songs of the birds and the rippling melody of the rills and rivulets.

This, surely, is an ideal place for us to take our bearings, both spiritually and geographically, ere we cross the Jordan with Joshua and penetrate the Promised Land.

Rabbi Adda, the son of Rabbi Hanina, is quoted in the Talmud as having said: “Had not Israel sinned, only the Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua would have been given to them, the latter because it records the disposition of the Land of Israel among the tribes.” (Ned. 22b) This is a provocatively interesting statement, but its horizons are far too limited to allow for any adequate or accurate assessment of its reliability.

You see, this very same Pentateuch — Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, known to us Jewish people as Chumash — reveals to us that the gun

was heavily loaded against the possibility of Israel’s national obedience and integrity even before he entered Canaan.

After all, a nation is only an aggregate of individuals and it is the very first book of the Pentateuch — Genesis — that reveals the mystery of sin’s entrance into the entire human race, irrespective of nation or colour.

Therefore the individuals comprising the Israelitish nation of those days all entered the Promised Land tainted with that strong predisposition to sin which characterizes all people, everywhere, at all times.

It is also the Pentateuch — Chumash — that reveals to us the Divine intention to remedy this sad and sorry condition.

The Book of Joshua must be viewed, therefore, not so much as the record of the conquests of many peoples by one people, but rather as the directive action of God in pursuit of His Divine beneficent purposes towards the ultimate good and blessing of mankind as a whole. No other perspective will satisfy either the truth or the tribulations through which humanity passes.

It is, of course, inevitable that at this juncture our restful sojourn upon the fertile plain of Abel-Shittim will be disturbed by the intrusion of the modern evolutionary concepts. I do hope you are as weary of these specious theories as I am. As I said, this is the time

This article is an extract from the very popular radio series, “Treasures From Tenach”, which are also transcribed. Both audio (click MP3 tab, then “107FortyYearsWhyNot11days. mp3”, and transcriptions are available for free download at www.thevineyard.org.au .

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and place to get our bearings, so let us spend a moment or two together on the plain.

Now, I know that the popular modern theories declare that man began as a speck and evolved into a sage. Somewhere, somehow, he appeared as a primordial protozoan and evolved into a prodigious personality.

My friends, frankly, I don’t believe it; even though I am forced to admit that whereas there was a time when man could only “bump off” one man at a time with club or arrow, now man can “bump off” a whole city or nation with an H bomb. This is, admittedly, wonderful progress.

However, I have scientific grounds for rejecting the various evolutionary hypotheses, particularly the popular modern theory of evolution in religion. It sounds plausible enough but the established ethnological facts are all against it.

Dr. Wilhem Schmidt, Professor of Primitive Ethnology and Philology in the University of Vienna, in his exhaustive work of five volumes (Der Ursprung der Gottesides), has given ample evidence that the God-concept of primitive humanity was monotheistic and that it “devolved” into idolatry and polytheism.

Suffer a few words from Professor Schmidt because they are so interesting and quite important.

“There is a sufficient number of tribes among whom the really monotheistic character of their Supreme Being is clear even to a cursory examination. That is true of the Supreme Being of most Pigmy tribes, so far as we know them; also of the Tierra del Fuegians, the primitive Bushmen, the Kurnai, Kulin and Yuin of south-east Australia, the peoples of the Arctic culture except the Koryaks, and wellnigh all the primitives of North America.”

(The Origin and Growth of Religion: Facts and Theories. Translated by H.J. Rose. Methuen, 1931)

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“It is precisely among the three oldest primitive peoples of North America that we find a clear and firmly established belief in a High-god. … It is only now that we can produce the final proof that these High-gods, in the oldest form, come before all other elements, be they naturism, fetishism, ghostworship, animism, totemism or magism.” (Dr. Wilhem Schmidt, High-Gods in North America, 1932) Now that was a rather long quotation I admit, but if it serves to break the shackles of spurious theories it will have been worth it. Moreover, it is pertinent to our present theme, for the Book of Joshua represents an important phase in the Divinely-initiated struggle of REVEALED TRUTH against HEATHENISM. Rabbi Dr. H. Freedman, B.A. Ph.D., observes very truly — and it is a pleasure to quote him.

“The Bible is the Book of God’s unfolding revelation to man.”

My friends, I am persuaded that it is as necessary for us today, as it was for Israel in Joshua’s day, to realize that heathenism by its very intrinsic nature and outlook is violently antagonistic to the Kingdom of God. The two are fundamentally hostile and incompatible. And heathenism is heathenism, in no matter what form it appears, be it the idolatry of the ignoramus or the naturalistic evolutionary, anti-revelationary theories of the intellectualist.

I do hope we have got our bearings in the plain of Shittim, because it will now account adequately for the mandate of God given to Joshua and recorded in the first nine verses of the first chapter of that Book bearing his name. God charges Joshua in these words:

“From the wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the Great Sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your border.” (v:4) Those of us who have studied the pagan practices of the seven peoples of Canaan will readily understand the true nature of Joshua’s operation. It was indeed an operation. It was Divine surgery.

A putrid cancer had developed in the land of Canaan; a malignant growth that threatened the health and welfare of the whole known world of that time. It was utterly incurable.

There was no remedy. It had to be surgically removed in its entirety and Joshua and the children of Israel constituted the scalpel in the wise and experienced hand of the Divine Surgeon.

In the place of the darkness and debauchery of heathenism the God of Light, Life, and Love was about to rekindle the Light of His Divine Kingdom. I say, deliberately, rekindle because I am convinced that He had granted an adequate illumination on many other occasions prior to the call and commissioning of Israel.

Now, however, poised by the banks of the Jordan, Israel was ready to be launched upon his glorious national mission to extinguish the destructive flames of heathenism and, instead, to light anew the precious Menorah of Revealed Truth and speed its illuminating and healthful beams into the darkest corners of the world.

Inasmuch as the Revealed Truth of God, the Bible, has been and is still available throughout the world and its ages, it cannot be said that Israel failed in his glorious national mission.

It is true, however, that Israel himself failed, nationally, to possess his own possessions.

Unfortunately and tragically, the Revealed Truth of the Bible has been largely set aside and replaced by Human Tradition.

But let not the Gentile peoples be quick to condemn for surely they, too, have made the very same fatal error. However, a glorious rekindling is Divinely pledged for Israel, and, through Israel, for all the world. Let me close with this hopeful prophecy: “Yet now hear, O Jacob My servant, and Israel, whom I have chosen ... I will pour My Spirit upon your seed, and My blessing upon your offspring ...” (Isaiah 44:1-3) May that day speedily come for , for all Israel and for , for all the world.

Dr Lawrence Duff-Forbes (1900-1964) Founding Director of David House Fellowship Inc. This article is an extract from the very popular radio series, “Treasures From Tenach”, which are also transcribed. Both audio (click MP3 tab, then “154MandateOfGod.mp3”, and transcriptions are available for free download at www.thevineyard.org.au .

“Moses My servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, you, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel. (v:2)

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glimpses of ISRAEL glimpses of ISRAEL glimpses of ISRAEL glimpses of ISRAEL

Background photo: lakeside, Ein Gev eastern shore Lake Kinneret.

Inset top: wind surfing Golan Beach.

Inset above: looking south, from Ein Gen.

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Rehab for a River

river is negative. We’re now in the process of trying to change the negative effects and the old ways of thinking in order to reverse what was done and to imitate what used to be. We can’t get all the water back or make the urban or agricultural areas disappear. We’ve had to work within these constraints to rehabilitate the Yarkon and prepare it for recreation.”

In 1995, the authority’s 18 member agencies devised a master plan under the leadership of then Tel Aviv Mayor Roni Milo. One of the first priorities was to stop spraying mosquito pesticides and rehab the denuded banks along which the spraying vehicles had traveled. Once the river’s ecosystem was rebalanced, the mosquito problem abated with little intervention.

The riverbank is pretty and the water inviting

Years of efforts by a team of experts turns Tel Aviv’s Yarkon River from a collapsed ecosystem into an attractive recreation and nature spot. er small dams

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Fish ladders he

A lot of history and hard work led up to Tel Aviv-Jaffa Mayor Ron Huldai’s muchpublicized July 2011 dip in the Yarkon River, the waterway that winds east from the Mediterranean between Tel Aviv and Petah Tikva. The mayor was showing that the river could finally shed its reputation as a dangerously polluted blight on the landscape.

picnickers, boaters, fishermen and families – and has hosted concerts in recent years by artists such as Michael Jackson, Paul McCartney, Madonna, U2, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Elton John, Tina Turner and Aerosmith. Next door is the Tel Aviv Rowing Club, where serious athletes such as rowing champ Jasmine Feingold hang out.

Yarkon River Authority General Director David Pargament – who rowed in the 17-mile-long river as a child — tells ISRAEL21c how the Yarkon was made healthier, and what still must be done.

Much of the outside world first heard of the Yarkon only in July 1997, when a temporary pedestrian bridge over the river collapsed under the Australian delegation to the Maccabiah Games. More than 60 athletes were injured and four died as a result of a fungal infection caused by aspiration of the heavily polluted water.

Pargament’s office sits beside the pretty riverbank, part of the large, lush Yarkon Park that streams daily with bikers, runners,

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“The Yarkon was polluted since the late 1950s,” relates Pargament. “It smelled bad, it had mosquitoes and it flooded. The Bavli section of Tel Aviv, which is now highly desirable, smelled so bad from the river that it was hard to sell an apartment there.”

The problem began when Israel began diverting Yarkon feeder springs to more arid parts of the country. Poorly treated sewage, industrial waste and warm water from Tel Aviv’s Reading power plant worsened the situation. Without sufficient influx of freshwater, the depleted river’s ecosystem fell apart.

Pargament arrived at the River Authority in 1993, three years after its founding. He had a tough job ahead of him. “The main hard work was to change the attitude of the decisionmakers on the national and local levels. I had to show each city they had a major asset here, and now they all realize how important the Yarkon is. It’s high on Mayor Huldai’s urban agenda and others are joining in.”

Pargament stresses that the river itself was never to blame.

“Rivers don’t do anything; things are done to rivers. Most of what humans have done to this

Another priority was building proper weirs (barriers to redirect the flow) in place of makeshift ones that farmers had fashioned to enable pumping water out for irrigation. Bank erosion and neglected habitats were also dealt with.

“The task of rehab is endless,” says Pargament. “We invented it as we went along, through intensive work with academics, fish experts, botanists, hydrologists, tree experts, engineers. We initiated at least 25 research projects and we used that information in an integrated way to make decisions.”

Sharing knowledge worldwide The 1997 tragedy led to one of the most important developments for the Yarkon: constructed wetlands that naturally filter industrial effluent. The Land Authority provided 21 acres for this project, and the Australian branch of Keren Kayemeth LeIsraelJewish National Fund donated the first NIS 15 million to actualize it.

“When they heard that Australians were donating money for the Yarkon, many Israelis wondered why they would do that after the deaths,” says Pargament. “It shows how big they are – they are not turning their backs on us, but helping us fix what needs to be fixed.”

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Today, the clean upstream section of the river and the downstream saltwater estuary jump with gray mullet and tilapia. The middle 10 miles is a work in progress, though Pargament points to major achievements such as the successful reintroduction of the native Yarkon bleak and wintering egrets.

There is no longer any deliberate inflow of pollutants or sewage into the Yarkon, and freshwater is discharged into the upper part as a matter of government policy. One of the older wastewater treatment plants is getting upgraded to pump membrane-technology treated water for irrigating the adjacent Ganei Yehoshua Park and agricultural crops and orchards.

Tiberias

Tempting

“This integrates the river with human activity,” says Pargament, “and will assure that the water introduced into the Yarkon doesn’t go to waste.”

Also on his wish list: Preventing pollution from urban and agricultural runoff; enlarging the river’s buffer zone to further protect it from human activity; building additional “fish ladders” to help fish cross over the weirs; reintroducing additional plant and animal life; and constructing more paths and footbridges.

Everything the Yarkon River Authority does is watched closely by water ecologists far and wide. The Yarkon is “twinned” with the Los Angeles River in California, whose authority exchanges ideas with the Israelis.

The European Commission (EC) is funding its second research project on the Yarkon, and a post-doctoral student from Spain is working with the authority as part of the EC’s Marie Curie Actions program.

“Others are modeling river rehab programs after ours, because we are pioneers. We export our knowledge to everybody — we’re public employees, so we’re happy to share,” says Pargament.

Abigail Klein Leichman (4 March 2013) Courtesy Israel 21C (www.israel21c.org)

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Aside from its many religious pilgrimage sites for Jews and Christians, Tiberias is a prime location for water recreation.

If the Roman Emperor Tiberius were alive today, you’d probably find him enjoying the high-tech laser and water show from the boardwalk of the Israeli lakeside city established in his honor close to 2,000 years ago.

Tiberias Hotel Association CEO Joanne Smadar tells ISRAEL21c that the Tiberium show is at the top of every Tiberias tourist’s list. “It speaks to everyone and it’s free of charge, running every day of the year except Yom Kippur,” she says.

The multimedia extravaganza on the southern end of the Yigal Alon Harbor promenade is offered at 7, 8 and 9 every

night, and all you have to do is show up. Four consecutive 15-minute shows are projected onto huge water screens on the breakwater of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) together with flame and laser effects, dancing water jets, music, artistic lighting and inflatable elements.

Popular though it is, Tiberium is just one of many attractions that keep the Galilee city’s hotels at least 70 percent occupied all year.

“We have something for every faith and every kind of person who’s coming,” says Smadar, and Tiberias is easy for English-speakers to navigate.

GET READY TO GET WET Aside from its many religious pilgrimage sites for Jews and Christians, Tiberias is a prime location for water recreation and sports.

Kite-surfing, windsurfing, canoeing and kayaking are everyday activities at the harbor, and each night the waterfront is lit up by small cruise ships that treat tourists to dinner and dancing.

Watch a net-fishing crew at work and learn about the history of fishing in the Sea of Galilee during a one-hour expedition offered every Friday, or book a four-hour “Fisherman for a Day” ride for up to seven people.

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European businesswoman who leased the Tiberias region in 1558 from the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent to house refugees of the Spanish Inquisition and reestablish a Jewish presence in Tiberias.

RELIGIOUS TIBERIAS Doña Gracia knew that Tiberias played an important role in Jewish history.

Aerial view of Tiberias. Photo by Itamar Grinberg

Take the kids to Gai Beach Aquatic Park, where in addition to the beach there’s a swimming pool, wave pool and water slides.

Children also will enjoy archeological digs, rope pyramids, Omega zip line, climbing wall, swings and carousels at the 25-acre Berko Archeological Park.

Massages, mud treatments and Turkish baths are available at Tiberias Hot Springs, a spa situated around a series of ancient thermomineral pools fed by 17 natural mineral-rich springs originating at nearby Hamat Tiberias National Park.

FINE DINING, TOURS

on the promenade, Basil and Rosa. Thanks to its geography, Tiberias also has many eateries specializing in fresh-caught fish.

Several of the 29 hotel association members offer tours and boat rides for guests, including a free Saturday morning walking tour that begins at the small archaeological park housing the association’s headquarters.

The tour then visits the old synagogue founded by Rabbi Haim Abulafia, who died in 1744, and continues to the Church of St. Peter, constructed on the ruins of a Crusader-era church designed to resemble the hull of an overturned boat. The next stop is the former Scottish hospital that is now the luxury boutique Scots Hotel catering to Christian pilgrims.

She encourages visitors to check out, as well, the Mediterranean-style, family-run Avi Batan restaurant and two new dairy establishments

The tour ends at the Doña Gracia House Museum and Hotel, devoted to the life story of Gracia Mendes Nasi, an influential Jewish

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Tiberias is of great interest to Christians.

Thousands of pilgrims don white robes every year to be baptized at Yardenit just south of the city. This is the site traditionally recognized as the place where John the Baptist baptized Jesus.

Smadar recommends starting a Christian tour of Tiberias with the 36-minute show at Galilee Experience on the marina. This facility, one of the largest tourist centers in Israel, includes a 200-seat theater, a book and souvenir store, an art gallery and a coffee shop with floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the Sea of Galilee.

Abigail Klein Leichman (6 March 2013) Courtesy Israel 21C (www.israel21c.org)

The office is inside a 12th century CrusaderOttoman building. Also on the grounds are remnants of a sixth-century synagogue, one of 13 synagogues that stood in Tiberias during Talmudic times.

Although Tiberias is home to many eateries well known to locals, the three restaurants tourists tend to hear about are Decks (fresh Argentinean grilled meats), Pagoda (kosher Chinese cuisine), and the French Mediterranean chef restaurant Little Tiberias (not kosher) for the best steak in town, according to Smadar.

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Originally inhabited by the tribe of Naftali, Tiberias was the seat of the Sanhedrin, the Supreme Court of Israel, during the Second Temple period (around 530 BCE to 70 CE).

The Jewish legal code, the Mishna, was completed in Tiberias in 200 CE. And in 1204, the great Jewish sage Maimonides was buried in Tiberias. His tomb is a short distance from the town center, and a new Maimonides Heritage Center stands adjacent to the gravesite.

As most of Jesus’ disciples lived and worked along the Sea of Galilee, many of the oldest churches in the world are found in Tiberias and in the surrounding towns. Nearby Mount Berenice (or Mount Berniki) contains the ruins of the Byzantine-era Anchor Church, which got its name from the ancient anchor found at the center of the stone altar. Across the street from the Scots Hotel is the 19th century Church of Scotland. At the southern end of the Yigal Alon Harbor promenade is an old Greek Orthodox church and monastery.

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The Vineyard Vol 55, No 4 May 2013

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