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Project ID : Project Name : Researcher:

RDG4/0012/2544 Legal Framework for Local Administration Eathipol Srisawaluck, Tashmai Rikshasuta, Werachai Narkwiboonwong.

The objective of this Study on the "Legal Framework for Local Administration" is to review the legal issues that are relevant to various aspects of community development and identify aspects that are supportive and those that can be considered as obstacles to goal of strengthening local communities. It is the general expectation that the findings of this study will contribute to highlighting legal issues that are relevant to the functioning of local communities so as to expand or modify them where the need arise to ensure the existence of an enabling legal framework. The approach to this study has been to review reports of researches conducted under the Community Research Section. Some field work were conducted and seminars organized to discuss legal issues relating to the management of natural resources and the environment, community strengthening and local administration. The major findings are that the Constitution of 1997 is the key piece of legislation which support the principle of community strengthening by demanding for decentralization of power and by endorsing the rights of the people, local communities and local authorities in participating with the State in conserving and protecting natural and environmental resources. Among the observed drawbacks in the legal framework on natural resource management is that communities generally do not have authorization to participate in the management of natural resources which are the basic sources of production and livelihood. This is particularly true for the people in the rural areas. The major underlying cause is that outdated pieces of legislation which have not yet been modified to ensure consistency and complementarity with the Constitution. These are grounds for conflicts over access and utilization of resources. An effort to modify existing laws is therefore advocated as an urgent mandate. Existing pieces of legislation that support strengthening of local communities are found to be inconsistent with the situational context of rural communities and are observed to be more applicable to the functioning or urban societies. Given that unwritten culture and traditions binds rural communities, the contents of law may need to be adjusted to take these factors into account. The legal framework of decentralization of power to local authorities still lack clarity in many key areas such as coordination with among local authorities at various levels, the relationship between Regional Administration and accountability issues. Among other things, there is a need to creating a system of accountability, which effectively involve participation of local communities. It is recommended that the next stage of the study should focus on pieces of legislation which deals with involvement local communities in the management of natural resources and the environment such as forestry, soil, water, fisheries and waste. One other study component should be the dissemination of basic knowledge

V $ % &'* + # , - * on the various laws and regulation which concern local communities and their organizations, farmers groups, local authorities. Key words: Law, local communities, natural resources, environment, management, forestry, soil, water, fisheries, waste.

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24 25 26 26 26 29 34 35 37 38 44 44 47

56 56 56 57 59 61 64 65 67 67 69 70 72 74 75

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1.3 / /%+(,9 , @ $A * #8+ 50 3 50 ' (1) 50 % # , & 85 * 8 #5 (2) 50 % &'* = P &30 3 3 # - P &, % D 30 3 (3) 50 % &'* + # D , - * # , * * + x + + + x + + + +0 5 x # , & 85 * 8 #5 , - * x + + + , & D 85 + x " + D $# ;85 30 3 1.4 + +(, ') 6 '* 30#$ /30#$ 12 4 , * " 67 , * & , * D $ + 85 5 # % # 8 , #! / ! # # (Theme) :/* , P & 67 &' , * ! 5 $ /30#$ D + +" +, % , * &'* 3 # 67 :/* * + % # +" C ' # 6 P '* C 85 D ! 8 , 8 85 8 # < #! +#

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# +! 0 A 85 3 $ 3 D , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * "&' , * ' +! 0 A , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * "&' , * E& , * 5 ,+" #! 3 " 3 3 &' , * " 85 & &'* * $ ' # "&' , * :/* 5 ,+" 0 P & * 8 #5 ' 0 P & 3 3 &' , * % ;< 7 5" 8 , 8 # , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * ; " ! D , - * # +! 0 A 85 3 $ 3 D , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * "&' , * ' +! 0 A , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * "&' , * E& , *

5 $ % &'* + # , - *

5 ,+" #! 3 " 3 3 &' , * " 85 & &'* * $ ' # "&' , *:/* 5 ,+" 0 P & * 8 #5 ' 0 P & 3 3 &' , * :/* , *, - * ! #! 3 " % + 3 ! # 5 # % + E+ +, * 3 + + 85 #" % ;< 7 0 " & B 3 < " ! 85 3 3 =/ A / ! # # (Theme) :/* , P & 67 &' , * +# # , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 = P &30 3 85 + # D

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d &.=. 2540 " '* -/ 6 0+ + * , * # D5 # & 3 $ 3 D , & 85 5 " , = A; " # 5 ,+" * 8 #5

' 5 5 ", * # / \ 5 5 " :/* , 3 # 85 # D 5 " #, * # 5 ,+" * 8 #5 & 8" # 5 ,+ ' ,

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, * & * / 5& A # " C '* $, # , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 "5 # 0 P &3 " # 0 P & 85 , " ;+ 5 # * - D * 8 #5 , * # / / # ! # + 8 #! # * 8 #5 # +" C &'* # 8 ,0 , * * P ; P 3 ' 3 3 , *

# * 8 #5 P &, *# , * 0# P

" '* ! #, = A; 85 , * 5 * 8 5 # * 8 #5 / -' # & -/ , =, , * - D * 8 #5 ,= #! ; # # # 67 * 8 # 5 ! # ' 5#5 8 , # * 8 #5 3 5 6 0+ # " 3 # +5 A 67 * 8 #5 '* 6 , * * + * 8 #5 # * ,0 # +" 8" # + 05P 3 8 5 5 " # +$ ' # +30 3 , - * -/ # + P 3 5 " # + ,= ' # * 8 #5 ,! 5 " + $P ! 85 ,= ++ = A; 8++ , * 5 8" " # # * 8 55 8 # # # P

" ;< 78 3 , &.=.2540 / # ! # " 9 " C 5

'* # $# E& 9 $ # 0 P & * 8 #5 '* ;" -/ + 5'* , * 8 #5 , , * 8 / 85 3 5 , * # 8 # 5! & ; & 12 # -# 85 * 8 #5 # , * -/ 85 ,< P & / ! " ,0 12 # ++ :/* ;< 7 # + 77 " 3 3 5 50 " # 85, & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 ' ; D , - * ( " 290) 30 3 , - * # # ( " 46) D +# D 3 # * 8 #5 85 - + 0# =/ A ( " 56) "5 # 3 3 ' +0 5, * ( " 59) $# ; 5 * +,+ , # , *" ,! , *# 85 * 8 #5 $# " ;" , * 85 + 0 # 85, & < 3 " 85 * 8 # + &' ; 3 3 85 & B , * * '

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2.1.1 9E C +(, % 9E , & 2 , & < 3 " P, 3 85 # 85 -,#8, # (Renewable resources) :/* + , & , * 0 85 ! 7" $ , = A; ' 85 * 8 #5 " + " , # 8 5 , *,! , * = " D 2 5 5 " 85 2 8 5 0 AD 5 5 , 3 P & 85 A #05 ++ = , 8 5 " ! 5! < " + 0 5 ! \ & , 5 # " ! 7 9 D+ $" 85 : 85 8 5 ! #& <0D&'385 & <0D " D 8 5 + # =/ A 85 , 0A D 8" 6 0+ ,= , ! 5 + 67 N"

'* 5#5 , & 2 , &' , *85 0 P & , & 2 :/* + 67 , * 5 ,+" ,=" C $5 $# E& 67 5 * 8 5 P &P = $5 (climate change) 2.1.1.1 9E C &' , * 2 ,=5#5 +" 8" d &.=. 2504 :/* &' , * 2 /* /* &' , *, # # &' , * 171 5 ' 5 53.3 &' , * ,= 85 d &.=.2541 &' , * 2 5#5 5' & 81.076 5 ' 5 25.28 &' , * ,= $# " 5#5 &' , * 2 d &.=.2504-2541 E5 * d5 2.34 5 85 8 $ 5#5 " '* 8" " 5#5 &' , * 5 ,0 d 3 '* ;+ 5 # ! 7 \ A 2 85 j#$ 30 3 , - * A 2 30 3 " & * / + + "0 5, # , #! 3 2 85 + # 2 # 1. 5 * 8 5 " P &# , , * 3 8 5" P &

3 $ 3 D, *# / 2. ,#8, 2 " < 3 " (natural forest succession) 5 ' +" 8" 2 = 5 , 2 + d &.=. 2532 85 2 # ! &' , *85 =&' , * 2 0 AD & * / " '* $# E& #" " A & <0D " D 2 85 0, 8 3 " : , + "&' , * , # 5 5 + # &' , * 0 ADP

" % , * * ,< P & + + \ +0 0 ,! 5 &' , * 2 85 ^ 2 85 " '* / ,! ,#8, 2 " < 3 " # / " '*

8 $ % &'* + # , - *

3. 5 2 ,#8, $# P ;85 3 P 5 , * 5 , 2 + d &.=. 2532 85 " 3 $ 3 D 2 , * " '* , 8 0 AD, & 2 , * / 2 / # # $ + # 5 2 ,#8, &'* 0 AD85 5 2 = A; / 5,! &' , * 2 , * 5 ,#8, & * 4. # + ' 3 3 0 AD&' , * 2 / 3 # " D ' ' 0 AD, & 2 85 '* 53 # 0 AD , & 2 / "

d &.=. 2541 ' + 2 3 &' , * 2 - ! # &' , * 0 AD 51 5 ' 5 62 &' , * 2 , ,= , $# &' , * 0, 8 3 " 28 5 ( 5 53) &' , * " A & <0D " D 2 20 5 ( 5 40) , * 5' &' , * " 5 " D ! 0, &N A= " D 85 0 3 " 3 5 ( 5 7) , = "&' , * 2 0 AD A 2 85 3 0 AD " D 2 85 ,! 3 3 &' , *< 3 " ! + 8 5 & & * / #

67 5#5 &' , * 2 67 , * # / " '* $# * , , " 85 , + 67 = A; ' 85 * 3 " - " &' , * 2 P " C ,= , * + + $# 2 + P ' &' , * , * 0# $#

d &.=. 2541 &' , * 5 43.06 (5#5 d &.=. 2504 5 25.44 :/* &' , * 2 " &' , *, # 5 68.5) P " E ' &' , * 2 " &' , *, # , * 0# ' 5 12.43 (5#5 d &.=. 2504 5 29.56 :/* &' , * 2 " &' , *, # 5 41.99) , " 5#5 &' , * 2 d &.=. 2504-2541 &+ " 5#5 , * 5 $# " 5#5 , * 0# 3 d &.=. 2504-2531 8" 3 d &.=. 2532-2541 " 5#5 , * 5 :/* # , * ;+ 5 5 , ,! 2 + , * ,=" 8" d &.=. 2532 85 ,=&' , * 0 AD & * " 5 8 ,! # 85 A 2 # / , *&' , * 2 5#5 # 5 ,+" 5 5 , 3 P & & <0D $# E& & &'33 #" C , * 3 " 3 & # 85 " AD 2 # + + 0, 8 3 " # P & <0D 2 * 5 & D " A & <0D " D 2 # # 5D + D85 5D 5 2 , P " 85 & <0D 2 & 0$"p 8# 5 3 # # - ! #- * 85 8 $ 7& <0D < 3 " # & 6 ! 7" #! 3 "85 &' , * 2 , * - * , * = E& 5#5

9 $ % &'* + # , - *

7 &' , * 2 # 5 , * ^_` ^ &' , * 2 5 + ' # # # :/* "0 ! 7 7 &' , * 2 # 67 ! 7 ' 67 '* $, , & 2 '* +0 0 ,! 5 &' , * 2 5 5 +" # 85 ^ 2 85 67 #8 3 $ 3 D, & 85 , *# 2 1) +0 0 ,! 5 &' , * 2 3 +0 0 2 # 7 +0 :/* 5 " + E& &'* 8 , 8 '* +0 0 2 8 3 " 2

- 2 3 ' 85 '* 0 AD3 2 " 2 8 3 " ! P , P &+ +0 0 &' , *# 5 5,000 $# &' , * # , * = 3 2 :/* ! 5 #! &' , *# 5 &' , * . . . 4-01 2) 5 5 +" # 5 5 + 2 &' , * 2 5 &+ 5 5 +" # " 0, 8 3 " 5 85 " A & <0D " D 2 5 :/* + 85 " + 3 # + " # 2 5 + 7 85 5 " # ,! 5 2 # 5 ,! #05 ++ = 2 7 3) ^ 2 "0, * # ,! 5 " 2 ! 85 # 7 , < 3 " '* , *" '* * 3 " 2 P &# ! =85 , , = D, * / + ^ 2 "P , * 8 " , & 2 85 * 8 #5 '* C $# E& ^ 2 # 2 # # + 2 & 085 2 # + ++ = 2 # 5 + d &.=. 2541 ^ 2 # / 0 8 5 &' , * $# E& 3 #' ^ &' , * ! 7 3 " A & <0D " D 2 8 " A & <0D " D 2 E5 & " 0, 8 3 " 7 0, 8 3 " P #/ 0, 8 3 " # , ,D 85 3 #' -/ -0 ^ 2 & 0$"p 8# 15,000 1 ! + "0 # ^ 2 &+ 7 # 0A D, $# # , * 0A D 5 " D ( 3 2 &'* 5 " D , *: ,0 7 8" + &'* 5 " D q5q) 85 50 5 ^ 2 , * "0 + 2 5 29 5 " D

5 20 8 5 0# 5 17 5 17 "0 '* C 4) $ + ; # 8 $ + 2 8 3 " $ + , *# $ + & B $ &' ; $ + A * 8 3 " $ + A" $ + & B 3 +, 85 $ + '* C :/* 8 3 "0$# " 5#5 &' , * 2 8" + $ + , * # 3 # 85 + , * ! 9 + " , * 1

# ^ 2 85 P < 3 " ! \ 85 + 2 &.=. 2541

10 $ % &'* + # , - *

# 5 85 " '* , * * 6 , * ' ! " #8 3 $ 3 D, & 2 85 , *# ; ;+ 5 + 3 3 85 3 3 + 50 " C $# E& 67 ,< -' , *# 85 67 8 3 , & ! 5) " , *# 3 & 3 D 8 & B = A; 85 8 3 " " 8" E+ +, * 5 -/ E+ + 6 0+ 7 " +$", = A; " '* $# E& & * P # # + " ; A% 3 +, 85 P 3 ,! " , *# &'* A" & * / &'* 5 "P [D &'* & 5 " D ! 85 &'* 5 " &'* , <0 , *# &'* - , *& 85 5D^ ,! , *# / 5 5 d * +0 0 ,! 5 2 & * / 6) " &'* 3 85 0" 2 '* 5 , 2 ,= , " 8" d &.=. 2535 ,! , 85 8 ,=" + " 0" + P, & & 85 " ' * # " ! , 85 8 ,= $#

d &.=. 2540 85 2541 # 5 18,633,942,386 85 8,919,939,138 + , " 5! # + ( 2 , 2541 ! $ + 85 8 * 8 #5 , 2543) 5 , * / 3 + 5 5 +" # &' , * 0 AD85 2 ;+ 5 7) & * / 3 d &.=. 2541 ! , + 5 +0 ,= , 3 , * ,= 61,466,178 85 2 3 12 5 , * + 85 = &' , * 2 8 3 " # % $#

3 3 5 7 7 ; + + 3 & A" 85 &/* & 5 5 " 2 , #$ -/ 3 $ 3 D, & 2 85 , *# - " " % / ,! 5 5 ++0 0 ,! 5 2 85 2 &'* + , *# ! + " - * ; 85 A" 5 5 +" # + 2 85 5 " D 2 3 &85 & * # 2.1.1.2 % 9E " D 2 , & < 3 " , * 0 $# E& /* , * ! 7 $: ++ = D, * & <D + * 8 #5 3 /* , & 2 85 3

++ = D 2 # #05" < 3 " 3 ,! 5 = " 2 3 # 3 & <0D 3 #" C 85 3

# 0# + D "5 # # 0 , DP & + 0A D "

11 $ % &'* + # , - *

" 7 , # , = " D85 , $ $5 # # 5 + & B =/ A 85 & B , # " 0A D & # 67 85 - D N" " C * + " D 2 / 9 "5 # 5 , & " D 2 , , * ! &+ ,= , " D 5 5 # 285 3 # 923 3 # " D 5' 5 313 3 # " D , ! , + 106 3 # 8 5 , * 85 , +3'* 85 7,000 3 # :/* 3'* & 5 10 8 5 , * , * 5' 5 90 # ! 8 3 # ( 2 , 2541) d &.=. 2541 2 # 0 AD " D 2 < 3 " $# #" " A & <0D " D 2 46 8 &' , * 20,419,900 85 " 5 " D 2 44 8 &' , * 1,938,644 , 0 AD " D 2 , * = P

0, 8 3 " 87 8 85 0, 65 8 &' , * 27,613,825 85 542,318.75 " 5! # + 2 0 AD " D 2 - * ! #$# ! & 5 85 & <0D, & , * " D 2 85 5 7& <0D 3 # 85 8# " , " D 2 , * ! 7, = A; # 8 0 , 85 $# & 5 , * - & 5 85 & <0D " D 2 " D # D " D85 " D 3 5 8 , #" - & B 85 0 AD " D 2 ! 18 8 , * ,= &'* 3 8 5 =/ A 85 # 2 85 " D 2 "0, *,! " D 2 5#5 ,! + 3 # 7& <0D - * ! # & &' , * 2 :/* ' + , * = 85 8 5 = - ,! 5 5 " D 2 5 3 #, * 7 & <0D 85 3 : 85 " 85 5 3 #- ,! 5 ' + 7& <0D 3 2 5 ' 5 * 85 5 " -/ 8 ; ! 7 , & " D 2 $# & 3+ 77 " 85 0 " D 2 &.=. 2535 8" 67 '* " D 2 - 5 9 "5 # 5 85 5 # 67 N" /* 6 0+ "0 ! 7 5# ! 5 " D 2 0 # 4 ' 1) 5 " D 2 &'* ! A $ '* 0 '* ' 85 '* 3 " C "5 # 5 &'* , P

85 ,= 2) ,! 5 - * , * " D 2 5 ' &' , * 2 < 3 " , * 8 5 , * = 8 5 5+P 858 5 " D 2 5' '* " C 0A D 3 '* 85 + ! " ,! 5 3 " " D 2 $# " 85

12 $ % &'* + # , - *

,! 5 8 5 , * 8 5 5+P 85 8 5 " D 2 # ,! ++ = D " D 2 5 * # ,! " D 2 5# ! 5 85 7& <0D # , * 0# 3) ! " D 2 " - * 2 ,! # 5 ,+" " D 2 ! - * # (Native species) $# " D" - * , * +" # # 8 , * ! 7 + " D 2 - * # ! 5# 5 85 7& <0D # 4) #P < 3 " 3 & 0,! # ! , 2 E +&5 85 " 5 85 8 85 :/* ,! # ^ 2 50 5 $# - + 0 # 5 " D 2 # + #' # '* - 5 ' 5+ 5 P # , , ,! - * , * = 8 5 5+ P 85 8 5 - ,! 5 #

2.1.2 +(, " )

3 ,= A, * 0 P & * 8 #5 , # '* $, 5 # '* 3 # - + (Carrying capacity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

13 $ % &'* + # , - *

5' &' , *, * " & 5 + + 3 & * / ,0 d / # 67 # , *# # (1) 3 , *# + - , *# ' 3 , *# # P, D 3 , *# " 0 + " # $# , +: 8 , *# +8 , * 3 , *# d 2523 &+ 3 , *# 30 5 , * 0# P " E ' 12 5 " d &.=. 2535 &+ 3 , *# -/ 35.6 5 P " E ' 3 , *# & * / 21.2 5 (" , * 1) % ) 1 3 , *# d &.=. 2523 85 2535 : 5

> P ' P 5 P " E ' P " P " "0 :

, *

9F .$. 2523

9F .$. 25352

5 5 12 6 2 30

6.2 3.1 21.2 0.8 4.3 35.6

3 ,# * d &.=.2523 ,! , #* 13 5 5 &'3 + # , * 14 5 ,! A" + , * 3 3 5 d &.=. 2523 5 &'3, * " + - # 85 ! , *# , * " A" 3 &'* '* : 1. - + <0 (2528) 2. " D , (2535)

3 $ 3 D, *# d &.=. 2541 + , + + , *# ,= , &+ 3 , * - " " - , *# 101.87 5 '

5 31.8 &' , * ,= $# 7 ,! + # , * 90.415 5 585 ' " + # , * 17.51 5 5 &'3 + , *5 # 35 D : "D ! 3.95 5 85 , *# , * " A" + 8 - ! 3 $ 3 D # '* C 3 $ 0" + # 85 5D^ "

14 $ % &'* + # , - *

(2) 3 , *# $# = +! 0 A &' , * A" , *- 3 5 85 ,! < "0 &'3:/* " 8" # 85 - &'3# # 3 7 " +$" + - 3 5 & , 5 ' - ! & #& # &' , * A" , * 3 '* ' ,! A" ,! $ # $# # +" 8 5

3 # # 8 0# + D # 5#5 -/ 98.7 5 ( & B , *# , 2541) (3) 3 , *# # $ 3 D 0#" &' , * A" 7 ,= ,

" = ! 1 5 , *# 7 -

3 E& N# 1 , N# 85 - , #, 5 $ 3 D :/* & #8 5 ! 85 5 5 ", *" "*! (4) +0 0 &' , * 2 8 3 " '* &' , *, A" , * &' , * + ! # :/* " + " & * 3 , * + & * / " ,< Z , *# ,! 85 5 " A" &'* , & B , $ $5 , A" "0" C 5 "0 +0 0 &' , * 2 85 &' , * A" $# + 0 ' \ & + 5 ,+" '* $, , & # 85 , *# # 3 7 # , * 0# + D _` & A # 85 8 5 ! 85 #P 85 " (5) + + 3 %

8 6 0+ % , *+ + 3 + 0 85 \ &'* 0 AD, & # + 85 " 8" 67 , * &+ 85 -8 # # # # 8 +0 0 ,! 5 &' , * 2 3 2 8 3 " 85 &' , *" ! 5! < :/* 5 ,+" , & # 67 -' , *# , * # $# - " " % , 12 1_ ' 5 5 * % * + 3 $ 3 D, *# &'* 5 $ 3 D " " 2.1.2.2 9?. ) (1) -' , *# , A" # D 3 ,= ,

3 8 & B = A; 85 8 3 " E+ +, * 8 &+ ! 3 ,= & * / '* C $# # 3 60.0 5 d &.=. 2540 & * / 62.9 5 d &.=. 2544 85 65.9 5 d &.=. 2550 & * / 3 + " 8 , * ! 7" 8 /* , *,! # 67 3 , *# 85 , & < 3 "

15 $ % &'* + # , - *

! ' A" ! 8 $ & * / ,0 d :/* " # & * 3 , *, *# ! # / ,! # ' , *-' " ' 8 $ 5#5 :/* d &.=. 2538 ! ' A" 5.25 5 ' 85 ' , *-' E5 * ' 5 25.24 + ' , *-' E5 * " '

67 -' , *# E5 * " ' 85 &+ 3 # ,! , *# " 5 28.67 3 , *# 5 11.39 ! , *# 5 11.02 85 1 , *# 5 0.17 :/* A" + ,< , *# ,! A" '* &' , *, *,! A" # $# # % 3 ,! 2 3 , * < $ 3 D " / ,! # # 85 A ' 0 AD^_` ^ , *# C P &, *# "5 # # , *# &'* A" " ! 3 ,= , 8 $ ' , *" 5# 5 $#

d &.=. 2828 # 3 " , *# 2.5 85 d &.=. 2538 # 5#5 5' 2.2 # 6 0+ , *# + & 5 & & , * + + , A" , * & * / " / # 5 # 7 6 " C ,! A% " 3 ,# * :/ * - "* ! ,! 5" +8, , A" 5# 5 ' 5 # " +0 0 , *# :/* " 2 8 3 " (2) ,< Z , *# 67 # / + = 85 ,! ", *# , * 2 8 3 " 0, 8 3 " " A & <0D " D 2 2 - 85 , * < $ 3 D" C ! , # ,

d 2533 -' , *# " 2 8 3 " 35,204,205 + ! 1,070,702 5 2 - 2,409,275 85 , * < $ 3 D 2,629,281 & * / , * = 2 8 3 " 1,000,000 + ' , * 80 5 67 ,< Z E& &' , * 2 8 3 " 5#5 '*

d &.=. 2536 2 # +&' , * 2 ! 44 5 8 ! 9 , *# &'* A" ( . . .) #! 9 , *# $#

&' , *, * + &' , *, * 3 3 = 85 ,! " 0, 8 3 " " A & <0D " D 2 85 , * < $ 3 D 67 ,< Z . . . 3 d &.=. 2535-2542 # = " 9 , *# , * ; 40,704,696 # # 27,543,518 + ' 07 " ,! $ 3 D " 9 , *# ( . . . 4-01) 11,401,558 ( ! 9 , *# &'* A" 2543)

16 $ % &'* + # , - *

(3) , *# ,! -/ 8 ;+ 5 # $ + '* # , *,! " 8" d &.=. 2483 85 " 8" , *# ,! ! ! d &.=. 2530 2531 25335 85 2539 &+ , *# ,! ! 572,755 ' 454,819 ' 538,470 ' 85 514,717 ' " 5! # + (" , * 2) % ) 2 ! , *# ,! d &.=.2530 2531 2535 85 2539 9F .$. 6 ! C ) 6 ( ) 2530 2531 2535 2539 , * :

1. 2. 3. 4.

572,7551 454,8192 538,4703 514,7174

= D & B 3 +,8 3 " (2531) ! 9 , *# &'* A" (2543) ! + (2537) ! + (2542)

8 67 , *# ,! ;+ 5 # #" ,0 , *# / d &.=. 2535 $# #, *# 8 “8 + ” 5 #! ( , * 1) d &.=.2535-2539 - #, *# ,! 8 , *# ,! # 2,624 &' , * 29,274 ( ! ,0 , *# , 2542) 85 ! 5 #! , * 2 (4) 3 , *# 3 , *# 5 A 3 8++ 3 , #85 3 + $#

d &.=. 2530 2535 85 2539 &+ 3 , *# ! 1,343,643 ' 1,311,174 ' 85 1,407,950 ' " 5! # + (" , * 3) 5# 5 8 # 3 , *# & * / 85 ! ! = A; A" &+ ' , * 3 # & * / d &.=. 2518 :/* * $ 9 , *# 13.59 5 19.24 5 d &.=. 2529 85 5#5 5' 14.85 5 d &.=. 2538 , 5 9 , *# 3 3 25 d, * (&.=. 2518-2542) - # , *# 3 # 59,181 $# ,! 77 3 19,268 ,! 77 3 :' 7,603 85 $ ,< Z, *# 8 A" 577 ( ! 9 , *# &'* A" , 2543)

17 $ % &'* + # , - *

% ) 3 5 A 3 , *# d &.=.2530 85 2535 85 2539 9F .$. "# ) ( ) "# J "# # 2530 572,755 2535 538,470 2539 514,717 , * : 1. = D & B 3 +,8 3 " (2531) 2. ! + (2537) 3. ! + (2542)

770,888 772,704 893,233

1,343,6431 1,311,1742 1,407,9503

2.1.2.3 / ) '* $, , *# -/ 5 * 8 5 0 + " , P & 85 3 P & # ,! # 0 P &5#5 - 3 &'* A" # - 85

5 5 " , * , *"5 # $# 5 # # # , *- " + + 67 , # = A; 85 (1) 3 5 & ,5 # '* $, # , * 0 8 , * 0# ,= , # 3 5 & ,5 # :/* "0 3 $ 3 D, *# += P &&' , * 3 0 AD 8" ! / -/ 6 , # = A; & B , *# (2542) 3 5 & ,5 # 5 0 8 85 0 8 &' , * ,= , ! 108 5 85 &' , *3 5 & ,5 # 85 ! 209 5

&' , *P 5 #3 , * ,= 96 5 &' , * 5 3 $ 3 D ' +0 0 ,! 5 ,! # 3 5 & , 5 # 0 8 67 3 5 & , 5 # 0 8 85 # / , * ,0 P $# E& &' , *P 85 , *, * 5 #3 :/* 7 P ' 85 P " " 3 5 & ,5 # 67 , * 5 ,+" '* $# ,! 7 # , * 0# + D85 8 < "0 &'3 # &' , * 134.5 5 ' 5 41.94 &' , *, * ,= " , *- 3 5 & #& 5 8 5 ! d5 27 5 " / 5" & 5 ,! 8 ! 5! < "' 85 # ! , E +&5 + &' , *

18 $ % &'* + # , - *

(2) # # ' # , * 5' " " * 8 #5 85 ++ = , # # 5' < 3 " # 3 # 8-+3 , 5 '* # + ,< &5 / 5 ! , 5 # "P 5 # " ! , +- " # 85 67 # # / # 3 #, * 0# P " E ' :/* + 50 &' , * 105 5 $# &+ &' , *# 17.85 5 ' 5 17 &' , * 85 &' , * , * = P & 8& 5' 19.4 5 8& # # / " < 3 " 85 # ,! 0A D 3 + ! " # &'* ,! 5' & 5 " D ! 3 16X , 5 " # ,! 5 2 + &' , *, * = P & 8& 5' 85 + ! &' , *, * ,! ! " # :/ / # 85 ## # ## P " E ' # :/ / ! " # :/* ! " # 3 50-1,000 " 85 '* # 67 # / 85 5 ,+$# " " 7 " +$"85 5 5 " &'3, * 5 &' , *# 5 "5 # 67 # * 8 #5 #

(3) # # &' , *# # , * &' , * +50 P 5 " " & # , =" , =" " + 50 &' , * 5.5 5 #&' , *# # 5 ,+" 3 $ 3 D, *# &'* A" 0 8 ,! 5 &'3 3 #85 5 5 ""*! , *" 5 ,0 &' , * & 5 '* C 5 &'3 # + 5 ,+$# " 0 8 #, * # / # # 5 * 8 5 ++ = 2 3 5 ,! 7 &' , * 8 5 & & <0D " D ! 85 & 5 " D ! 3 16X "5 # ,! # 5 * 8 5 0 P & ! + , * ! 5 &' , *# #85 ! " # # +"' # P 5& A, ! ,! ! + # 5 0 P & 5 - ! 3 0 $P ' + $P # (4) # # ,! A" 8 ! :/* 3 '* ' '* :/* ! &' , * A" -& + / ,! $ # - ,! 5 # #" 8 / 5 #3 # 3'* 8 3 # -& (Plough pan ' hard pan) " :/ ! 5 # '* 5 1 " # # #: + ! # 5 # ! 5 , * # & * / 5 #

19 $ % &'* + # , - *

! 5+ (water ran-off) , * # / / "0 # 3 5 & , 5 # / 2.1.3 J6 ! , & P,, * 0 # / ,#8, # 7 / 3'* ,= ! 0# + D 8" - D 6 0+ :/* " 3 ! / ,0 P 85 5 " + 3 5 / # 67 #8 5 ! 0 8 # # 8 3 ! , P A" 0" + 0 $P 85 + $P 30 3 85 5 # ! 67 5 C '* , & ! ,= , # 8 #8 5 ! ! , 85 0 P & ! '* $, 67 5 0 8 85 # / 0 8" " 8" 5 d 85 " P P / + ! 1 85 1 5 '+ '* '* $, , & 2 85 8 5 " ! 5! < + 85 # , & ! ++85 # ,< P & ! # ,< 85 , * 3 ! , # 0 AD8 5 ! 85 + 0 3 ! # 85 " # ,< P & %

, * * +,+ 77 " * + 0 8 5 ! 85 + 0 3 ! ,< P & 0 # # 2.1.3.1 / + ( J6 ! 8 67 P # # 1) P ' 67 #8 5 ! , * # / E& + &' , *85 " N# 5 :/* P '* 8" # & B 85 P P " ++35 , / 85 + &' , *" \ P '* ! , $# "0 2 :/* 8 5 " ! 5! < - ,! 5 6 0+ 2) P " E ' $# , * P P , * ! 5" < 3 " " 3 N# 85 '* , + + # &' , *50 ! 5! ! ! 7 # 8 8 ! 5 8 ! 5 8 ! 85 5! ! 8 ! $ :/* - 8 5 + ! # 7 &'* + ! N# 1 # '* P ,= ' ! + +P P " 85 " :/ ! 5 # P '* C 67 # 85 67 1 , 3 # / ! ,0 d / # #8 5 ! 0 8 N# 85 1 #P ! ,

20 $ % &'* + # , - *

" + &' , *50 16X 5! ! 50 ! 3 ! 5 ! 85 50 ! '* C 5 5 + 67 P P , *" 8 67 # 3) P 5 &' , * 7 , * +50 3 = 8 85 &' , * & 5 P '* C 7 &' , * & 5 # P 5 / " ! 3 &'* A" ! $# E& & 5 N# 85 + +8 5 ! P P ! # & & + " :/* 6 0+ " & * / ,0 d ! , * + + ! # 7 50 ! & # 8 + ! '* P &585 '* " Z + d # 8 5 85 " &'* 3 " C N# 85 4) P " -/ 8, 1 " E5 * , d P '* 8" 67 ! & + " '* 8 5 + ! " 5! ! " C P " 8 5 30 3 16X , 5:/* 6 0+ " 7 / # 3 ' & , 85 0" 5 8 + # 3 ! + # 5 ! + 5 '* ! , N# 85 + $# E& # ,+0 85 #" # 8" + &' , * 67 ! , + d 3 5) P " 67 #8 5 ! + &' , *85 67 # 0 P & ! '* # # 85 # 67 '* ! , * ! 7 /* ' ! , E +&5 , * # / " #" C $# E& &' , *,! A" '* 1 " 30 85 2 + " ! 5! < - +0 0 ,! 5 * 6) 0 ,& 85 [5 P &P ,= &' , * +"*! # +&' # $#

E5 *

5 + # + ! , 5 + ! # 3 3 = 8 85 $ 0" ! / " ! &'* 0 $P 0" 85 '* C " 85 8 $ " & * / # 67 # + ! 3 ! , 5 0 85 3 1 " 67 8 ! & 85 5! 5 " C N# 85 ,0 d ! , * + 5 '* P &585 '* " , 7 " +$" 30 3 8 0 ,& 85 " [5 8 85 # + 0 2.1.3.2 J6 # ,= , " 0 & # 6 * 5 , * # ! , # $# E& 5 , *&' , * 2 :/* &' , * + ! 85 :/ : + ! 7 # - +0 + , *# ,! 85 = # / &+ 5 ! , & * / ,0 d 8

21 $ % &'* + # , - *

+ , , *, * ! , 3 - D 0, P , * 15 2543 &' , * A" +P '* & 0 D & 0 85 & 0 36 # &' , * 5,950,962 # &' , * 4,268,088 85 &' , * +P 1.4 5 P " E ' P ' &' , * +P 1.2 5 $# 7 " # &3 + D:/* &' , * +P 1.1 5 P 5 85 P " &' , * +P 3.7 8 85 P " &' , * +P 1 8 2.1.3.3 - > J6 - D 0 P & ! ! 8 " P # # 1) 50 ! P 5 8 5 ! , * # + 5 ,+ 5& A, P 0" A" 85 30 3 , * 0# 67 ! 7 ' 8 5 ! 50 ! P 5 5 8 _` 8+ , 50 ^d 5$ 5 ^ D 4,000 & " 100 55 5 " ( ) :/* # + # 8& $ , # # 67 5 # 8 : 5 5 ! + 8 5 85 & & ! + #! 3 " " D ! $# , * , *+ " 5 8 ! & 85 , " &+ 8 $ $" :/* # 3 8 # 85 & A , *

8 5 ! " ; , * ! # ( 0.5 55 " 5 " ) + , * 0 P & ! P & N", * 0# # 8 8 ! & " 5 3 # ,+0 5 -/ 8 ! # 0, ! +8 ! 8 7 85 8 ! 8 $# , * [D# 3 ! P ' # 7 +0 :/* 8 5 30 3 85 8 5 , , * 8 # + 5 ,+ _` 8+ , 50 ^d 55 ^ D 2) P " E ' 0 P & ! $# [D& 3 " " ; 8 5 ! P,, * 3 &'* 0 $P + $P 85 A" 8" " &++ , * 0 P &8 5 ! '* $, 85 67 # 8 : 5 5 ! "*! [D, * ! + #! 3 " " D ! $# , * ' "*! 4.0 55 " 5 " &+ 67 8 5 ! 0 100 0 $# E& * 3 N# 1 , 67 _` 8+ , 50 ^d 5$ 5 ^ D , * , * ! # " ; 0 P & 8 5 ! P,, * 3 (4,000 ) 8 ! 5 , * 67 0 P & ! ' 8 ! & 67 '+ '* d &.=. 2540 85 2541 :/* # 67 5 < 3 " , * 5 3 3 + " 67 ! 5! " " + 8

22 $ % &'* + # , - *

67 ! 5! " # 3 '* 5 d &.=. 2541 &+ ! ,0 0#, * " 3) P ' 0 P & ! 7 [D # -/ & 3 67 , *&+ 7 # _` 8+ , 50 ^d 5$ 5 ^ D $# E& + 30 3 7 , * ! 7 # 8 ! P ' # 3 ! P ' #5! ! P ' # 0$ , ! P ' #5! & 85 &+ # : 85 3 5 " # ! " < 3 " 3 N# 1 5 8 5 ! ' +,0 0 & * / 4) 50 ! P " 0 P & ! [D& 3 67 , * # / 7 # _` 8+ , 50 ^d 5$ 5 ^ D 8 5 30 3 4,000 85 3 N# 85 0 5 ! ! , 5 8 ! ,! 8 5 ! & 5 # 8 8 ! + 8 ! 85 8 ! +0 + ! P + # +0 85 ! P + ! #E 3 , 0 , * 100 0 , * # / '* # : 85 3 5 " # 3 N# 1 :/* ,! 0 P & ! 8 #! 3 " " D ! 85 5 " $# E& 8 ! 85 8 ! + 5) 50 ! P " 0 P & [D& 3 $# 67 , * # / 7 # _` 8+ , 50 ^d 5$ 5 ^ D 4,000 5 # 8 67 : 5 5 ! "*! [D, * ! + #! 3 " " D ! ' "*! 4.0 55 " 5 " 6) 67 0 P & ! + # 5 '* $, '* 5:/ ! 5 " # 3 ! + # 5 &+ + ! + # 5 / 3 = P & ! + # 5 " < 3 " $# E& * " ! + # 5 0 ,& ,! 8 # # + ! + # 5"*! 5 # 5#5 # + ! # 5 ,! # N" D ! + # 585 5 '+ '* ' ,! 8 # , 0#85 5 ! 8 5 ! '# 2.1.4 9 , 5 5 ", , , & ! '#85 , 5 # - 3 + $P 8 5 $ " , * ! 7 ,=85 5 5 ", * 5' 3 ,= - ! ,= d5 5 '* 5 + , ,! ,= , ,=, * +,+ , ! 7 # P P P P : " E " 85 # + /* $5 , * 5 5 ", 5 5 d -/ 6 0+

23 $ % &'* + # , - *

, & # + + $P 8& 5 85 " , * & * / ,0 d ,! 3 , & & * / $# 5! # + 8" & B # $# E& < ,! ,! , * - " 3 $ 3 D , & ! 5 5 " 8 5 , & 85 67 '* $, P &8 #5 ,! , & 8 5 ! < 3 " 8 $ 5#5 85 '* $, $# E& 8 5 ! ! , -/ 8 & * 5 5 " < 3 " & * / 8" " , *5# 5 ,! 5 5 +,! ! , &'* , & & & + " , * & * / # - D + " D ! ! , 3 d &.=. 2538-2540 5 5 ", & 8 $ 5#5 5 17 $# 5#5 1.84 5 " d &.=. 2538 1.07 5 "

d &.=. 2540 ( = A; , 2543) ,= , ,=, * 5 5 ", 0# # + /* $5 d, * 6 +" 8" d &.=. 2536 , , & ! , " 8" d &.=. 2535 P , *- 5 * 8 5 5 5 " + d '* 5 5 " ,! ! , d &.=. 2540 5 5 " , 5 , , 2.98 5 " 5 5 " + < 3 " 2.68 5 " 5 5 " & 5 0.30 5 " ( 7 0 05 #! 5 75) 85 d &.=. 2541 5 " D ! 85 5 "P [D ! 1.32 5 " # 5 176,600 5 + , $# 0 156,000 " ( 0# # + /* $5 ) # 5 58,000 5 + , ! '# d &.=. 2540 5 5 ", + < 3 " 85 & 5 & * / 5 d &.=. 2539 ' + < 3 " 0.21 5 " ( & * / 0.01 5 " ) 85 & 5 0.21 5 " ( & * / 0.01 5 " 3 # ) # 5 5 " ! '# & 5 12.58 5 5 ", , # ,= ,

& B ,= # ! , & < 3 " 3 + $P 85 &'* & * # 3 3 " 85 # + 3 3 $# # + # , * -/ 8 # ! #8 0 AD^_` ^ , & * ' & B = A; 85 " 8" E+ +, * 7 (&.=. 2535-2539) 85 E+ +, * 8 (&.=. 2540-2544) 85 " 8" , & , * '* 5 5" *

24 $ % &'* + # , - *

, = A; ,= 85 # 67 #8 , * + 3 $ 3 D , & # 67 '* $, , & 85 ++ =, '* , & - ! 3 $ 3 D #= P & 5 " < 3 " 2.1.4.1 9 , J6

# " 5 5 " ! '# # , & " D ! " 8 5 < 3 " 85 8 $ 5 5 "5#5 " '* :/* 5 " &'* " + " ! 3 , * & * / 5 # 67 5#5 , & ! '# '* 1) ,! ! 5 5 " 2) '* $, 8 5 ! '* & B 85 5 ,+ < 3 " " C 3 " 30 3 85 & B 8 5 0" $# +! + #85 \ 5 ! $ 0" 8 5 ! & B # A" $# 3 0~ 85 * # , ! " # 3&'3,! 8 5 ! 8 #! 3 &85 8& & <0D " D ! # " #" 85 + 0 3 $ 3 D&' , * - " 9 [D85 +,5 $,A ,!

3 + * 8 #5 0 8 & & " 3) 8 5 ! "' -/ 8 8 5 ! # 7 3 +/ + & # p & " # + 0#5 + 0 P &8 5 ! ' 5 & <0D " D ! '* 85 + ! " C &'* & * 5 5 ", ! '# ! '#85 " 8" P 6 0+ 67 '* $, , & '* 8 5 ! "' 85 - 5 * 8 5 P &8 # 5 85 &' , * #! " C 4) # 67 P 85 " '* 5 # 67 8& & <0D" < 3 " 5#5 85 5 5 " 8 # 7 3 #& <0D " D ! 5) & 8 & <0D " D ! - ,! 5 5 ' , *& 8 & <0D " D ! - + &'* + $P ' &'* ! ! / * ! 7 & 5 " D ! '# # 67 5 5 " & 5 " D ! & & ! ,#8, , & ! '# < 3 " , *5#5 6) 67 & 5 " D ! '# 6 0+ & 5 " D ! '# ,

/ # " 8 + " , , * '* # #8 5 & 8 & <0D ' " D ! 5 3 # " + & 8 & <0D 8 5 ! < 3 " 67 ++ ! 85 < $P , * *

25 $ % &'* + # , - *

"5 # 67 '* $, P &8 #5 8 85 : ! : $ " D ! + #85 67 "5 # 5 5 " " D ! '#, * ! # # +, - * ' A" - +" ' +8 5 " # 5 + " "5 # 2.1.4.2 9 , , ( 3 $ 3 D , & , 5 ! $# # - + ' ! / 3 $ 3 D / " " ! 3 , * & * / 5 , & ! , P &, * '* $, 85 8 $ 5#5 '* 1) ,! = P & 5 " < 3 " '* 3 $ 3 D , & ! , , 16X , 5 , 85 , 5 # = P & 5 " < 3 " , * - 5 " #05 + 3 $ 3 D # ,! # 67 '* $, , & 85 ++ = D, 2) 67 #8 ,! 5 ' 5 , *8" 5 ,=, * ;3

16X # = " = A; 200 5D, 5 ,! &' , *,! 5#5 & * 8 ## " 3 , & 5 ' , " ,! ! ,= &'* + , - % 85 # % ,! - ,= &'* + + 0 85 ,= , & '* 85 ! # &'* A 5 $ 3 D ,=" , * 0# # 67 #8 50 &' + 85 50 & 3 D 12 1_ % , 8 3 '* ' , * # % 85 + " D ! " + $# E& 5 5 ! , ' 0 5 , * ,! " 3,000 " 8 3 16X ,! , * - " ' # % # 67 " , & 85 5 # #8 , - * 3 ,! 5 " $#

3 5 + 5 " 6X ^ :/* ,! " D ! 5 5 3 #- + , " D ! = A; - + # ,! 7 , & " D ! , * # # = 5 3) 67 5 ,0 $# E& ! ,

, 55/ '* ,! , 55/ 5 ,0 " ' # 7 85 ,< P & / - ,! , 55/ # 5 85 5 #P " 0 D ! ' 0 D # ' , * ,< P & ,! & B ! , " 85 & B ' , * " ; 5 # 3

26 $ % &'* + # , - *

4) 67 0 AD, & 5 ' 3 7 ! 7 0 AD, & " & + " D ! # , * 0# + + ; # + 0 + " D ! # ,< P & $# E& + 0 ! ' 85 < ,! 2.1.4.3 9 , J6 # " K?L , ( 1) 67 0 P &+ 8 5 ! ' 3 16X , 5 '* $, '* ! 85 5& A, ! " 30 3 ' 0" 85 A" 2) 67 ! '#, * 5+ ! 1 , *" ! + 30 3 3) #8 5 &' , * + ! ,! + 8 ! 85 3 16X , 5 , *5# 5 5 5 # 5 ,+" , & ,! 5 8 5 5 " " D ! 85 ++ = D 4) , * # % 85 # 5) 67 8 3 85 #8 3 , & 85 3 ,< $ 3 D + ,! 6) 67 & 5 " D ! 3 16X # 0 P & ! + 8 5 & 5 " D ! 3 16X '* $, '* ! 85 5& A, ! , #8 5 & 8 & <0D 7) 67 & 5 0 05 #! 67 , * # / " '* -/ 6 0+ # 8 - #$ + # - 67 * 8 #5 '* $, - 67 #8 5 & 8 & <0D 0 , 5 - 67 # - 67 3 85 - 67 5 0 05 #! &' , * " ! '# 2.2 "- " 2.2.1 ( * ,/ "- " ! +30 3 % # ! ! # , *8 ! “30 3 ” , *+0 5 ! /* , * "-0 D " #" '* ' 50 ' , " ,! 85 # &'* # ! " "-0 D

27 $ % &'* + # , - *

$# # ! # + + , P = " D , 30 3 / 5 5 A # " 2 1. 30 3 + 2. 30 3 ; + 3. 30 3 8 0A D ' 30 3 3 0# " 4. 30 3 ' 1. 30 3 + 30 3 , *" + &' ; & <D , *

5 3 # , # 5 , * # / , * + ' 5 & <D / 5 A 8++ + ' ' 7 " 85 5 * 85 &/* & = :/* 85 -/ # 5 0#, *, 3 ! # “ + ” , , 3 2. 30 3 ; + " 50 , * 0# D85 + # &'* + 50 "-0 D 8 67 " / +# 3 , * 5 5 , 3 3 6 3 D < $ 3 D P ; P <0 3 ' , * # , * 3. 30 3 8 0A D ' 30 3 0# " & <D # &'* 0A D # & <D + + , P = " D ' &' , * ! 5 A 30 3 , * 30 3 , *# ' 30 3 0# " 30 3 / # 5 8" $ , *8 ,! , * " # ' / , *

5 3 #85 , 4. 30 3 ' 30 3 8++ , * # & + , $ $5 / ! # + P &, P = " D8" ' , * 3'* $ '* # $# "-0 D , * 3 5' :/* 85 3 , 0 ' " D " / 30 3 , * = , $ $5 '* 85 , $ $5 ,= 5 A , * j# + 3 ,0 P, 30 3 , * & 8# , * 3 3 , - * " D 5 A #5 A /* ,! # ++ ,! , * 5 "-0 D 85 < #! , *8 ! +# 85, *3 # 3'* -' #

3 " 5 - . 30 3 85 5 A 30 3 . 4.

28 $ % &'* + # , - *

D , * % + * ,! # * 85 3 , , * 3'* " + ; ' D '* C 3 , + 3 5' ' + 0 , # ! 8 ! , 3 q5q 8 5 " C ,! # & B 3 &85 3 " , *# / & -/ "-0 D 50 ++ 85 < , *- " , * + "5 # # 85 " #" + , * ; 50 D " % < , *# , * 0# 8" P & , , - * 30 3 ' D , - * 7 0# ,! # ' D 8 & & 85 +0 5 , * -#! D # ,< P & " 3 3 3 , * 7 / " 8++ 5 C " P & "0 D 7 ;8 67 #' # 3 67 '* , *# ,! 85 67 +0 0 , *# ; d 2542 = D+ 3 3 ! 5 < ; " # 0 5'* 30 3 , - * # 3 # 67 '* '* d &.=. 2542 4,135 '* " 5! # + P, 67 , * , * 0#85 5 # 8 9 , @ 9?. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2. 3. 4. 5. 3

67 , * 67 < $P 85 < 67 < 0 85 # D 67 =/ A = 85 = 5 B < 67 67 # % 85 # 8 + 8 * + ,! #85 37 67 ' 67 '* C # 85 8 67 #8 + , * ; 67 2 85 , *# 67 8 67 A"

0 ! d 2542 = D+ 3 3 ! 5 < ; "

6 (,

2,765 570 511 240 231 204 148 9 563 289 619 339 226 88

66.86

14.97 8.20 5.47 2.13

29 $ % &'* + # , - *

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43 35 20

1.04 0.85 0.48

, * -/ 8 3 3 ' 30 3 , - * # " , " % '* #' # 85 " &'* " ;+ 5 #! " + 85 8 67 $# = D+ 3 3 ! 5 < ; " # # ++ 8 67 85 +

8, 0 85 ,! 5 # #! ++ ' 8 67 3'* $ , 5 85 P P d 2542 # 85 + 0 = D &'* 8 67 5 85 P P 2.2.2 "- " +" 8" ,= , * 3 8 & B = A; 85 8 3 " E+ +, * 1 -/ 6 0+ 8 + ! # " , = A; # # $# "5 # ,! # " E5 * , & * / 30 , 5 34 d , * # 5 ,+ " , *,0 # -/ , 3 67 # ,! #3 + 67 '* $, < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 67 8 , = 5< 67 8 , 67 $ # D 67 8 3 , & " AD& , * # / 3 # ,! ! & B = A; 85 8 3 " ! " 0 +, 5& & B C 8" , # # “ = A; # 67 & B * ' ” $# , ' 85 3 +, # 5 7 P &/* " 8,+, # N" D, "0 D#! '* , * " + 67 N" = A; '* " d 2540 :/* 3 * " 8 & B E+ +, * 8 (&.=. 2540-2544) " + &' ; 5 & B , * “ /# = D 5 & B ” + , * # 3 3 "5 #,0 " $# # , * 0# 3 3 0 + , * + 0 0 P &3 " # / 50 &5 30 3 8 85 # 8 # , * 0# " , * 3 # 85 & B , 5

#16 -#! # + '* , * 0#,0 " # " & B # / 5 A ,! 5 ; 3 3 3 +, 5 5 5 & 3 +, 8 5 ,0

30 $ % &'* + # , - *

, 30 3 / - + 3 3 3 +, ! , * ; + & B

" (- # , & D 0P , D +0= = D, 2540 : 3) D 3 3 " # 5 -/ 5 5 & B , * $5 " /* "â&#x20AC;Ś #! & B ++ 3 ; + 5 ,=" C , * 3 3 3 " , ++ 3 P

3 3 " ! # # 85 8 67 , * # 5 ,+ 5 * 8 5 , * # / 0 8 & * / '* C ,=" C , * $5 + + =/ A +, 50 85 D ++$ 3 :/* #! 5 ,=&+ 50 85 D ++ 7 5 5 " 85 ,< P & # 858 67 85 5 ,+" C , * # / â&#x20AC;Ś" ( D 3 & B 3 +, P : 2540) , * 8 # & B # + + ; ! #" 50 - + 30 3 D 3 3 5 8 67 30 3 + 8++ /* & B 30 3 # " D & B 3 5 8++# , , * #, + 3 3 ' 33 D 3 + # " C ' , * 3'* '* ! d &.=. 2540 D & B 3 , , * / , + +, ! , 1,463 D , * # / , + # 6 0+ " C 3 & B 30 3 D A" q5q " 0 ! 7 + + 0 #" 50 + A" 85 3 3 , * 50 $# 7 " , * / & B ! # + 0 6 ! P + 5 3 3 + +$# = '* + & 3 5' $# & # + 67 +' " 50 ! -&/* " # P 5 , */ & B - " 30 3 85 " + + 5 5 , * 0#

,! # 5 Regional Research and Development Centre (RRDC) &+ 50 A" , * P

" # 85 A" , A" 85 D 7 & 5 ! $# 3 +" 8" " 50 -/ d, *,!

3 11 d 50 A" ' + 50 D : "D , * + 5 5 ' ' 5'* 5 ' d 2515 ! 50 A" 6,231 50 8" d &.=. 2526 50 5#5 5' & 3,511 50 , * 85 -/ 8 6 0+ 50 A" , * ,= ! 4,040 50 3 508,422 + 8" 50 A" & 5 20 , , *#! 50 A" , * 67 , P 85 P

31 $ % &'* + # , - *

=/ A & B A" d 2534 =/ A -/ "0, * 0 " #! , *,! 50 & 0 # 8 , C # 3 # ' 1) # 50 3 +,+ ,85 , * 9 + " " , * # 5 :'* " D 5 #! & 50 # + D #! <0 50 85 + 2) # 3 ' #! 50 5 #! 50 + + 3! " ! # 77 +,+ , , * 9 + " " , * 85 3) # ,0 #! #! <0 85 6 5 " & & " " 3 ( 0P , +0= = D, 2540 : 3) , * & B 30 3 # 8 5 * + - " 5 #! & B 30 3 :/*

+ #3 + & B 30 3 , * ,= ( 5 , * 30 2543) E& 50 , & D &'* 5 " ! 23,264 50 3 ! 1,826,493 3,710.15 5 + , =A ( # $3" 3 , 2544 : 4) + ! & & , * 30 3 #! # 8" 5 # C , *& D 50 8 & , * &/* " # * ' :/* < # , * 50 , * # / " # " + 67 0 50 ! /* # # -/ 6 0+ ! /* " 5 5 '* = P &85 8 & 5 N" = A; '* " d 2540 & B 30 3 $# , # , # + + ;+ 5 #! #,! 8 8 +, + 0 8 9 + " 8 30 3 &'* 3 7 67 N"" 8" " d 2542 -/ 6 0+ < ,! , * /* 8 30 3 3 + 0 + & B # 3 85 + $# # # , * / A # 8 30 3 & , & B 0,<= " D #! , * * # + + # + 0 #" = D 30 3

, # , # + 0 + + , # , # 8 & B D , - * $#

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3 + , 3 + / 3 "! +5 :/* + & + 5 * < #85 5 ,! P " C 30 3 & B 30 3 # + 0 &'* 8 30 3 $#

# 30 3 9 + " &'* ,! 8 #85 #! '

32 $ % &'* + # , - *

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3 " C 8" &+ 6 ( %# @ 9Q ( * ,%# # %# 6 9 , ( * , # 6 -# A J ) 9Q ( ) +%# , 9Q 6 ) -# A > / # 9Q ( 30 12 " C / #! " P 8" 5 0 & -/ \ & B 8" 5 &' , * ( # 6 ( * ,/ 6 6 , # ) C C # " #" 5 #! 50 D " C P 5 1Â&#x20AC; + ' 30 3 8 ,! * +8 # & B $#

"0 5 # * " #" " x # + + /30 3 " C # + 5'* + ,! :/* # + , *8" " 5 ' + + /30 3 # + & B , * -&/* & " # -8 ' D P 85 ' ,! +30 3 '* C , * 5 &' , * * " J )J/AJ # J S T / +%#(, J ) x 8 30 3 7 "' ' #! & B +%# )/ 6 , / # .# )( * , / # ( * ,/ A % 5 3 # "85 # ! # # 3 D (creative thinking) x ) / ( ( ) / 9 ," " # /%6 ( ( J ) $# 3 + /"! +5 D , * #" / &'* ,! , *" + ,! " C $# E& * +". ,! # 8 85

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33 $ % &'* + # , - *

x J ) % )C #C / ) # # +(, ) 6 T , C , *+ &' , * # & D 3 # 50 , * " ' + #3 + 5 0 P & 9 + " [D, * &/ & 50 , * " & " 67 " C 30 3 , * + 50 " " C

8 0 P &3 ", * x 9? . ! 6 3 3 # 3 # " %# U C # ) / + T ) " C #% % +(, C #!( 6 # "'* " ' "' ' ,! 3 " C / " '* , 5 8 & B 8++,0 , * 0 7 " +$"85 " , = A; #P ##05 & B 30 3 , * ,=5 5 85 7 P & ' + # # 50 /* ,! =/ A 3 D30 3 85 " &+ + 5 # 3 + 85 30 3 ! # 5 ' 8 85 8 , & B + &' ; B < " $#

+ ! + D85 D ! 7 5 # 30 3 ! 50 85 D 30 3 8 85 " +$" # D 30 3 , * 8 # / # D 30 3 , *# 5 A & B " 85 , < 8 67 5 A E& &' , * / '* , * =/ A * 8" , ' D 30 3 /3 + !

,= , , * - ' # # , 5 8 N" = A; , * 5 # & D 85 /30 3 -#! # ! " ; , * * 8 8 E 3 " , * /# 85 #! # 6 0+ 8 # D 30 3 # 8& 5 + 5 0,<D ! 7 8 67 , * 5& & B , * # #&5 # # " # "

P ; ' + 0 #" 50 , * , / 30 3 ! # 8++ + # $# $ 85 + + 3 " ; # ,0 50 # ! / -/ P & 8" " 8" 5 &' , * ,! # 5 + + D85 # 30 3 / 8 5 50 " C , * #" $# ; + ! "*! :/* # 5 +8 # 7 8 ,& (2540 : 22) , * 5 “… D 30 3 D" C , * ; + 0 " / , * 8" + # ! 85 , , *

67 85 \ D 8" 3 5 ! …”

34 $ % &'* + # , - *

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

5 A 5 8 + #0 * +! 0 A < $ 3 D 30 ! P A D 3 3 + $P * 3 8 5 3 " 6 0+ , ; D & B

35 $ % &'* + # , - *

3 85 D 3 3 " 0 + 0 + &'* N,< 5 ' ! & B :/* # 5 +8 #" ;< 78 3 , &0,< = 3 2540 " 79 , *+ 77 " “ ;" 85 + 0 3 3 +! 0 A 85 3 $ 3 D , & < 3 " 85 5 5 , 3 P & #05 , +! 0 A 85 0 0 P & * 8 #5 " 5 & B , * * ' "5 # + 0 85 ! #P 5& A, * 5" 0 P & # P &85 0 P &3 " 3 3 ” 85 " 56 “ ,< +0 5, * + ;85 30 3 +! 0 A 85 # $ 3 D , & < 3 " 85 5 5 , 3 P & 85 0 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 &'* #! 3 & # " 85 " '* * 8 #5 , * # " " 0 P & # P & ' 0 P & 3 " # + 0 , " , * % + 77 " #! ' , * # 5 ,+ 0 8 " 0 P & * 8 #5 ,! # 8" # =/ A 85 5 ,+" 0 P & * 8 #5 , # D :/* +# 8, D 3 # * 8 #5 85 8, - + =/ A , * # =/ A # * 8 #5 + #! # 5 , " , * %

+ 77 " ,< +0 5, * ^\ 3 ; ; 3 , - * D '* ; &'* 9 + " , *" , *+ 77 " % " /* 85 # + 0 ” 2.2.4 - '$ % # ) # # / 9 ," " 5 ,! $ 9 A" 85 & B 3 +, (WCARRD) d 1979 # 5 -/ 0,<= " D ! + 3 +,$#

0,<= " D 4 " # ' ( 3 " 5 - 85 , 2543 : 147) - D ! + - ! - 8 # +, - * - #,! $ & B 3 +, &' ; * + “ ! ” 5 ' D + , * ! 7 ! , ' 50 + 3 3 , * * $# "

36 $ % &'* + # , - *

" # 8++1Â&#x20AC; #, * 3 +, '* ' * $ & B = D 0 (2541 : 113-114) # 0 + D ,! , *-'

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! - * 8 67 ' & B # $# 85 5 * ! , P

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

37 $ % &'* + # , - *

+0 5, * ,! + D 3 3 , * + 3 30 3 ! 7 +,+ , 3 ! 67 ' # 7 C , * # $ 3 D ' ,! + D , * # " + &'* * # 3 85 , * * ,! ' # + + / ,! =/ A # $#

D 30 3 " # $# & B "0 3 8 85 ! 5

6 0+ ! #+ , 3 - $ + 30 3 7 " / + ++ 3 12 85 # / - 3 3 0 + + ! * + - " 3 85 3 5' 8, 3 " # 85 5 5 * $" 8 + 3 - 3 3 # # E& " $ 85 " 5 ' 9 + " $ , # 8++ + - D 3 3 7 # 8585 5 $ 3 D + ' 3 # -/ ' 3 3 $# , * ( 0 3 , D8 = " 0 =D #3 85 , 2543 : 6) ! 7" 3 3 # 5 ' / P + #3 + 85 / 5 # * ' 85 ' '* C 30 3 " & â&#x20AC;&#x153; & B , * 3 3 3 & B , *8, 8" + 8++ Dâ&#x20AC;? ( & " D #3 , D, . . . : 17) â&#x20AC;&#x153; 3 3 * ! 785 5+ " $ & B " C , ,! 3 3 3 +, - &/* " â&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;? (3 " D '+, 2539 : 22) # / , < (means) 85 \ (ends) 5 # 2.2.5 9?. +(, -9 %# ) # # / 9 ," " 67 , * * + + 3 3 :/* * $ + 0 8 % &'* 50 / D 30 3 ' - + 5 " #! " C 30 3 # # * / 0 # # 1. 67 , * * + $ + ; 85 D " C ;# , * = D 0 # + ' 1) $ + ;, * * + ' " ,! 2) ++ + P ; ++= D ! " # + 5 3) # +

38 $ % &'* + # , - *

9 + " ; # 85 , A j#$ 3 3 & B ( 3 " 5 - 85 , 2543 :166) 2. 67 , * 5 $ , # , * 3 " 5 - 85 (2543 : 167) -/ & & B D , * # 0 37 33D 3 3 - ! #$# 5 A $ , 85 B < , 3 5,! + 50 30 3 $ " C 8 # # :/* # / ' 5 85 # # & * " 8" " , # ! 85 - , = A; ++ ' - + 0 $# 3 50 85 # 5 , * ,< P & 8 8 , & 2.2.6 - "- " ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2540 +,+ 77 " + " 3 3 8++" C " 45 “ ! " # !$ %& ' ($ %# #)& *+', , - +', . & % ) // *- 0 1 # !$ , #2 3 # !$ , ! . ' 3 # ! !$ 4 * , 5" 3 ' ' ) . 6 *%” 50 D , * % + / < , *# , * 0# 8 +30 3 , - * , * * ' / ! - " " D " %

# / + "-0 D 30 3 85 % #" D 3 3 , * 6 0+ ! + 8 +30 3 " 8 , , * ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2540 " D + 0 85 ' 30 3 , * " $# - , % % # " + &'* #! 5 < 50 A" 85 D # 8 1. 5 % 8& 85 & 3 D 2. & 3+ 77 " B < 8 3 " &.=. 2485 3. & 3+ 77 " D &.=. 2542

39 $ % &'* + # , - *

5 % 8& 85 & 3 D + " 30 3 , * - " +0 5 " 8++ " +0 5, * " " 65 ' 8++ " " 78 ' 8++ 5 < " " 110 + +& 3+ 77 " B < 8 3 " &.=. 2485 30 3 5 A # 5 ,< 85 , *" , * %

! # # (1) D " 5 % 8& 85 & 3 D , * #" / &'* ,! , *" '* 8" 3 5 ! ' ! # 8+ 6 " + +85 # , + " +0 5" +,+ 77 " % / D , *,! &'* $ 3 D + $# % + #, + &'* #" ! , * ! B < 8 3 " , =/ A < , * & 07 " #" " & 3+ 77 " B < 8 3 " &.=. 2485 8 & * " (E+ +, * 2) &.=. 2486 ! # #" # 1. #" " ! " 8" 3 / 2. #" " # 30 * #" &'* / A 85 & + + , * #" / '* + + ! 7 % 85

30 * #" " 30 ! B < 8 3 " & #

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40 $ % &'* + # , - *

+ + 85 '* C %

+,+ 77 " , *" &/ 9 + " # 8 (1) " 3 3'* :/* ! “ ” + +3'* (2) #, + #" 3 85 " 8 + + + 3'* , * 85 3 & 3 + 85 3'* , * 85 3 & + ! #

(3) '* ! '* # , * ! B < 8 3 " '* # + 07 " 85 #" " #! #, + " +0 5, * "! ( ! + 3 "! " + 5 2) (4) "-0 D " # " % ' = 5< # 3 3 ' P " " + 0 3 3 ' * ; (5) '* , + ! - " " '* % + #, + 85 + ! 78 # #, + 8 85 = #"

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

41 $ % &'* + # , - *

3.4 ' + - P &, ! * 77 < $#

+03'* ! - < #

$# 5 , * 5 < , * "-0 D &'* D " , & D ,0 200,000 + , 85 - , & D '* " # # 100,000 + , E " 5 < / " " 85 " # + + 0 #

5 " &'* ,0 & & #, + 5 < # 3.5. # + 07 " #" 5 <8 5 #" " #! # , + " +0 5, * 85 , + 0 ,& " #" , * " #, + , * "! '* #" " +0 585 , * 5 < , * ' $ 3 D8 " (3) D D " % " & 3+ 77 " D &.=. 2542

+0 5:/* #! &' * $ 3 D, = A; 85 $# 3 " 85 3 5' :/ * 85 85 # #, + D" %

D, * #, + #" 85 % ! # "-0 D &'* 5 $ 3 D, = A; 85 + # 3 $# < 3 " 85 3 5' :/* 85 " 5 D 85 " 1. " P, D, * #, + 2. 3 +0 5< # 85 + 50 " P 3. ,0 8+ 0 5 , C 3 " -' 0 /* 0 8" /*

0 , *3! 85 , # #! D ! +# 85 D$#

, + D , + " D ++ 73 ' & , * :/* , + + -' ! +# 85" % #! D" " + + :/* % ! # ! 7 # (1) 3'* D" ! ! # , 3'* (2) P, D (3) "-0 D (4) , *" ! 7 85

42 $ % &'* + # , - *

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

,0 :/* 8+ 0 5 0 ! # * + #! + 73 85 D 0 + " 3 ! # * + 30 7 5' " #! "! 8 & "! 8 ! # ! , *85 + #3 + #

#! D 8++ D # - ! D + D 5 ! " # '* + $# ,! <0 # # 5' " 5 * 5 , * ! # , - # # , * ' 3 & + D & B 3 (Non â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Government Organnization : NGO) , * " 50 , * '* # 3 & 3+ 77 " 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 &.=. 2535 + 77 " + +,+ , D & B 3 & , AD * 8 #5 " +,+ 77 " " 7 85 " 8 5 ' â&#x20AC;&#x153; !$

3 #

* - # *$ - ' , , 7($ 6 # * * 0 +) ! 0 # ).) $ *% $ 3, 2' , *$ - ' , ! ) * - # *+', 8 # ) ! ! , & + % # *% '

*) *3 %' )# ', , *$ - ' , - # ) * #) *) . ) 2 2 - # *$ - ' , 9 * - # !$ +3) $ & ' 0 #) â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153; ) $+',%')# : - , % +', ! ! +', % ) !$ ' + ; (=) % ' , !$ ! ?* * 3 %, # // * ; ! 0 !$ ) $ $ 3, * - # *$ - ' ,

43 $ % &'* + # , - *

(@) # 5 - 3, " ! 3 !$ , %*

& ( 3 ) $8" , $ , *$ - ' , - # ) * (A) ! # !; ) $ ' !; ) $ ($ * *$ 2 ! *% !$ , *$ - ' , - # ) * !; ) $ ; (B) .( *% $ , *$ - ' , - # ) * - # - # *' C 6 ! ) $ $ 3, (D) , ! ) 0 - # 5",+', !

% # * *'% $ + ! - #% 3 * ) ; 5",-) ' ) $ E4 , . !$ , * + )'-) !

,- 5",) $+', !

; ', ) $ ) $+',%')# # F/ ! '& * *% ($ - # , 3 , # *$ - ' , - * ! , 6 2' & - # & 3 # *$ - ' , - * & % $ , ! # ! $ , ! 6 * *%) $ $ 3, '& * ! ! & #' + # ) 2' C 3 # *$ - ' , % *% % ' * ) ' ! * ", ,- ) $+',%')# - , !$ *% ' ($ ) $ C ) $+',%')# - , % !$ 5",-) !$ , # 6 *% - ; 5",) G* # *$ - ' , - *+', ) $ ') $+',%')# - , '& * *% 2' ! 3 ' , ! + # , 6

& % $ * 8 %')# 3 ; +',” 30 3 8++, * - , % -/ ; " +0 5 " % 3 33 30 3 8++ -' " 8++ , P

" + + % #" " " 3 #!

44 $ % &'* + # , - *

5 " & 50 5 8++85 "-0 D 8" # + + ; 8 30 3 - , * , " +0 5" % 85 " +0 5 8" ,0 30 3 " 9 + " " , * % + 77 " * + '* 85 ! # #! 3 5 % 8& 85 & 3 D " 150 + 77 " ,! " +0 5 :/* -/ 30 3 , 5 " "-0 D" 3 #8 $# % ' &

' #" + + ' = 5< # 3 3 85 " 102 + 77 " , + ! * - 3'* # , * 9 #! #" % ' = 5< # 3 3 ' P " " + 0 3 3 ' * ; 3 # + 5 < , + & ' # /* # " = 5 5 5 < & "0, * 5 < ,! 5 A # + " , * " 102 + 77 " 5 % 7 + 77 " " 5 A , * * " " 209 85 : $ " " 210 85 #! " ,+ ,' " * ;P

3 " " 113 ' 8 # # $# 0 " &'* # 5 * 8 5 % 8 # ' # #'* 3 3 " " 116 & 3+ 77 " < 9 + " 3 &'* 3 3 &.=. 2539 % , * 3 3 + E * , * ; # " 21 + 77 " “+0 5 < # +0 5 ' " +0 5 & , # " + ", * ,< " - ,+ ,' ' - ,+ ,' $# 5 5 * # ” & 3+ 77 " % =/ 5" #! " C , *&' , * # " , * = 3 % =/ ! # * 0 30 !

' 8 ' * & &D ' & &D P & +, ' ! & <D +0 5 - P

5 , * ! # ' ' = , , * # " 2.3 9 2.3.1 + , 6 # (

# ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2540 " 78 ;" !

, - * &/* " 85 " # , - * # & B = A; , - * 85 ++ < $P 85 < "5 #, $ &' ; ,= , - * , * -/ 85

45 $ % &'* + # , - *

, , , * ,= , & B #, * & D , - * # 7 $# ! / -/ " D 3 3 # " 8" ;< 7E+ + ! # 3 , - * 8 ! ! 785 ! 8 ,= , #" D , - * 8" 8 3 , - * & & , * * 8 8 3 , - * / '* ! + ,= , + D ! ,=" C &+ ! ,! # ! " #! " + + 85 ,0 , * * " 0 * , *8, ! 0# , * j#$ 3 3 8" 5 , - * # " , * # , - * 85 ,! , * / " +,+ , # ,! &'* $ 3 D ! 3 8+ + P ;+ 5 ;+ 5 &'* 5 85 P ,=3 " / \ 0#, ! ' 8 8 , - * " C " D , , * 3 + # D , - * + ; %3 # ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2540 # 9 " 282-290 , * ! , - * + , - * # " " #! " + + 67 0 $# E& * & D , - * + , , *:/* ;" 0 * ! , 3 & 3 #85 , = " :/* ! " ,! $ 85 +$ & , = " , *# & 3 + 8 85 3 P +". 0B =/ A 8" + / ! " & '* 85 + + # ( 0 ! 5 0 7 , & # D 5 < .&., 2543 : 2-3 ) " 5 -/ ! #

'* ;+ 5 $ +

! $#

8 D , - * 85 ,! +,+ , ;5# 5 85 # , * 0# # 3 “ ! 8 , - * " + ", * E 85 " " P ;…" ! < "

7 P & ;…# ! 5 # & D, * 8 , - * :/* P &8 , - * $# , * 0# # 8" ; ! " + 0 # 85 ,=+ 5 C 8" " # P & ! , * ,=+ 5 ' , - * $# , * " + 0 # 85 , +8 ,= 5 …”( # 5 = &[ D, 2539 : 39-41)

46 $ % &'* + # , - *

6 0+ ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2540 & 3+ 77 " 8 85 " ! &.=. 2542 85 & 3+ 77 " =/ A 8 3 " &.=. 2540 , *" / &'* +8 # ! # 5 , 9 + " ;+ 5 #

3 " C #,! 8 9 + " $# * $ ! , * ' ! 3 &5 ' ( &.) , # , 85 , A" 85 DP

" 3'* $ + # , *# $# ! , - * #! 3 #" 8++ ' # 3 +0 85 #' 2542 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2543 :/* ,! # 0 +, & # x ;" 8 , , * 3 + 3 3 - ' # 85 9 + " # + 77 " % + + % [D" C , * 3 + + ' " & B , - * '# 0 9 + " -,! 9 + " # # * D "5 # ++ " +" "# 5 , 5 85 , - * :/* P

" $ # " 0 + 0 % , * * +, - * + 85 x 67 85 0 /* ! , - * ' , * 3 5 , *" 9 + " , - * # 5 0 P &3 " ,! 3 + P & ,! # + q5q :/* # + ' # ' , # x ! 5 85 , - * # , *3 # +,+ , " ! , * < 9 + " 85 - $ ! :/* 5 P P 85 , - * " x # ++ 0 - PD85 ; 5" # # + :/* ' ! " 50 " + D , - * 5' " x + , - * # + =/ A , * # + / &'* $ 3 D 9 + " , * -,! + % + + 9 + " " C "5 # , = D, * 5 x ++ + # 8++ 0# 0 , * 8 , - * &'* # '# 0 + / x " & B + 0 - + / D , * , * * + & B D , - * # 8 - + =/ A , - * 3 , / , 5 85 P P +,+ , + 0 , - * /

47 $ % &'* + # , - *

x ! , - * '* # C " +, % 8 , 9 + " 8" 5 , &'* 5+ + 3 x # + D , - * # 5 + P & # #&' , * 7 # 3 85 # 8+ # P A , , x $ D , - * , '* "! 8 , * ! 9 +" , * 3 # , , * x ! + 8++ ++ + &'* 3 - $ P 5 5 , - * , *3 # x 5 #85 < 9 + " - $ P , - * 5 * 8 5 "5 # 5 ,! # 3 # #! , + + % , * 3 9 + " # + q5q ( ! 3 &5 ' , 2543 : 101-107) 5 < ! 3 &5 ' # 0 +, #! # 5 & C 1. P , *,#5 - $ # 5 + P &&' , * 2. 9 + " + < 9 + " 85 ,0 , ,#5 " , * 3. 5 , *,! # " ; 8" -' + ! $# 6 8 ! ' 1) + 0 3 2) , - * 85 3 3 85 3) / 12 - $ 85 +$ 2.3.2 9 #

, * , * D + "! +5 ( +".) '* , - * , * 5 3 # + 3 3 85 30 3 , * 0# , # + + , * 5 , * 5 $# " " 0 P &3 "85 3 3 , - * #

P "! +585 D + "! +5 #" / " & 3+ 77 " P "! +585 D + "! +5 &.=. 2537 , * ! # "! +5 /* P "! +5 ; " +0 5 P "! +5, * # $# 0# 0 d + , *5 " #" d E5 * "*! d5 /* 8 '* + , ' " [D # E5 * #" D + "! +5 $# ,! = , # , 85 = 3 0 + A 85 & P & P "! +5 +8" , * # = #" / D + "! +5 "

48 $ % &'* + # , - *

D + "! +5 3 , - * ; " +0 5 $ +# P D + "! +585 + D + "! +5 (1) P D + "! +5 +# 3 , * # + 5' " A% 8" 5 + " +". + 5 2 " +". # & /* + P +". 3 ! 6 85 " +". # & + P +". +# 3 P +". + 5 3 3 +". #! "! 8 4 d P D + "! +5 ! , * # 1. 3 +8 & B "! +5 &'* 8 , + D + "! +5 2. & 85 3 + + +"! +5 + + +

! d 85 + + + & * " 3. + 0 9 + " + " $ + 85 8 & B "! +5" 1 85 % + + 85 + + , 3 (2) + D + "! +5 +#

< + /* 85 + ! 2 :/* P +". 5' 3 +". 85 ! P 8" " 5 # +". ,! , * 5 0 + ! , * + # 1. + +". " " + + 85 8 & B "! +585 + # 3 + + +". " P +". 2. #,! 8 & B "! +585 + ! d &'* P +". & 3 + 3. 5 9 + " 85 3 P +". , + d5 4. 9 + " , * '* C " , *, 3 +

(3) ! , * D + "! +5 . +". ! , * & B "! +5 , # = A; 85 B < " " 6

49 $ % &'* + # , - *

. ! , *, * % ! # +". , *" 9 + " " ! " " 67 # 4 (1) # 85 +! 0 A , ! 85 , + (2) A # - , ! , # 85 , * < , ! # 51

85 * 9 5 (3) \ $ 85 +$ " #" (4) \ 85 + , < P

(5) =/ A = 85 B < (6) & B " # 3 0 85 & (7) 0 # 85 85 +! 0 A , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 *(8) +! 0 A = 5 " & P 677 , - * 85 B < # , - * *(9) 9 + " , * '* " , *, 3 + $# # + ' +0 5 " ! 85 D + "! +5 #,! " D + "! +5 " " 68 # " 5 (1) ! &'* 0 $P + $P 85 A" (2) 85 +! 0 ^^\ ' 8 $# < '* (3) 85 +! 0 A , + ! (4) 85 +! 0 - , * 30 Q & 85 < (5) 85 50 A" 85 D (6) 0" + (7) +! 0 85 + 3 & A% (8) 0 # 8585 A , & D < + " 8 # (9) 5 $ 3 D , & D D + "! +5 (10) "5 # , , + ' 85 , (11) * + & 3 D *(12) , , * *(13) ' 4

0 (8) " 67 8 & * " $# & 3+ 77 " q (E+ +, * 3) &.=. 2542 85 0 (9) & * $# & 3+ 77 " q (E+ +, * 3) &.=. 2542 5

0 (12) (13) & * $# & 3+ 77 " q (E+ +, * 3) &.=. 2542

50 $ % &'* + # , - *

D + "! +5 # # " (1) # , & D D + "! +5 (2) # < $P D + "! +5 (3) # * + & 3 D D + "! +5 (4) < + 07 " 85 + " , * % ! # (5) 85 , & D '* , * 0, = (6) # '* " , * ;+ 5 ' ; # (7) 0# 0 ;+ 5 (8) # '* " , * % ! # D + "! +5 D + "! +5 # , '* " , * ! # % # (1) P A +! 0 , , * P A $ ' 85 , *# P A \ Â&#x2030; " D 85 < -/ 5 $ 3 D '* # Â&#x2030; " D, * # + # " D + "! +5 ( " 74) (2) P A 85 < - "D85 5 5'* , * # + # #85 # 8 D + "! +5 ( " 75) (3) D + "! +5 ! + +"! +5 &'* +P A 85 < & * / 5 + P A 85 < P, # P, /* ' ,0 P, # " ( " 76) (3.1) P A <0 E& " 5 A% :/* - + " D + "! +5 (3.2) < + 07 " 0 " % # 0 :/* 0 " D + "! +5 (3.3) < + 07 " 5 & " % # & :/* - , * 5 & D + "! +5 (4) # < " % # ! + # 5 , + " + 07 "85 37 + " " % # P 5 85 < " % # 2 85 < #, + ,< 85 " " 5 % , *# , * # + # " D + "! +5 ( " 77)

51 $ % &'* + # , - *

(5) P 5 8 " % # 8 85 P 5 j$" 5 " % # j$" 5 , D + "! +5 # '* # # +" % # 85 # 8 D + "! +5 ( " 78) (6) , * +" % # 0, 8 3 " D + "! +5 # 8+

8 D + "! +5 ( " 79) (7) D + "! +5 ! + +"! +5 &'* +P A 5 & * $#

! # " P A 5 & * & * / " , * +" 5 A% # " ( " 80) (7.1) , * 5 A% +P A 5 & * " 5 = D D + "! +5 + " 5 = D (7.2) , * 5 A% +P A 5 & * " '* D + "! +5 + /* " P A 5 & * , * +" 5 A% P A 5 & * , * + & * / -' P A 5 & * " 5 A% ! +# 85 9 + " , * D + "! +5 , * ! P &'* " % 85 + + + + , 3 85 &'* 0 $ 3 D 3 3 " D + "! +5 ' $ 3 D ,= ! P " 3 # &'* 0+ P D + "! +5 # '* 0+ P D + "! +5 ' -' 0+ P D + "! +585 5' " 3 P D + "! +5 / P

* + 3 # ! * 3 P D + "! +5:/* # + 5' " & "! 8 + & , &N" ' ! * !

7 + ' 8&, D ! "! +5 "! 8 # '* +0 5 #

77 + D + "! +5 ' , * ,! 8 D + "! +5 , - *

! ' 7 + :/* + D + "! +5 "! 8 ! ' 7 + '* +0 5# 5 - P D + "! +5 " & "! 8 3 # * 0+ P D + "! +5 # " ! 8 ! P P D + "! +5 ,! 12 1_ " + +

' # P & 3 3 ' 5 5 9 + " " ' 9 + " 3 +# ! , * , * + , ' + + & "! 8

52 $ % &'* + # , - *

# " ! 8 ! P + ,! 12 1_ + +

' # P & 3 3 ' 5 5 9 + " " ' 9 + " 3 +# ! , * '* 0+ P D + "! +5 ' -' 0+ P D + "! +585 5' " 3 P D + "! +5 / P

* + P 5 , * # = 3 & 3+ 77 " P "! +585 D + "! +5 &.=. 2537 5 0 # -/ 8 + 8 8" 5 "! +5 &'* 3 #! , - * " 3 3 & B "- , - * ' 8 , - * " 8" # 3 3 , - * # & * " 8" # !

#! 3 & # 5#5 8" # -/ 3 3 8" 5 # 5#5 # 85

* 3 3 , * * ! P # 85 + , * # & & + " 5 ,! # 85 8 67 + - " 3 3 # 8" # 3 D + "! +5+ +,+ , , * " # - #! ,! # 8 ++ 85 5 8" # 8 / # ' 85 + :/* , * 5" 3 3 85 3 D + "! +5 ! 85 , * * # + D + "! +5 67 /* ' +". ; P "! +5 D + "! +5 # "&' , * + #3 + +". #" ' &' , * # P "! +5, * +". 5 ' " + 50 &' , * "! +5" &. .+. 5 A , , * &.=. 2457 , * " ,=+ 585 0 P + 5 - "! +5 # &' , * ,

85 " 3 + 3 , - * -/ E& &' , *, * " + 3 , - * 3 # + P "! +5 8" , -/ D + # # "&' , * +". : ! : +&' , * + #3 + D + # :/* 3 + , - * 3 #

53 $ % &'* + # , - *

5 #! '* d 2542 ! 4,135 '* 0 5 #! 1. , * * & 4,004 '* ( 5 96.83) 1.1 #! 3 2,553 '* ( 5 61.74) x #! 1,742 '* ( 5 42.13) x #! 811 '* ( 5 19.16) 1.2 5 & #! 85 1,451 '* ( 5 35.09) x # " ! , # 615 '* ( 5 14.87) x # " ! + 248 '* ( 5 6) x # " ! 588 '* ( 5 14.22) 2. + '* ' 0" '* 131 '* ( 5 3.17) ! + #! * + 30 0 A% 85 50 &5 - D 30 0 A% 85 50 &5 + d &.=. 2542 " , # , 30 0 P & , * , ,= ! 786 $# 30 0 , * ,! + ;+ 5 ! 230 ( 5 29.26) ! + 67 A" 7 5'* 3 , * 31 ,0 d & j#+ 73 < &'* A" 85 D A" 67 5 5 ", A" " "*! 7 5'* 3 " 8 d #' - D , *30 0 " '* -/ d 2542 4 50 :/* 5 8" 50 , *" ;+ 58 67 3 ++ # 1. 30 0 A% , * 0, 8 3 " , +5 # 3 2. 30 0 33 A"

P ( . ) , * 2 8 3 " # 5 # 8 3. 30 0 33 ( .) 85 33 50 ! 5 ( 5 .) $ 1 A =5 #= A 4. 30 0 33 ( .) '* 5 , * # 0+5 3< 30 0 A% 85 50 &5 , *,! + ;+ 5 d &.=. 2542 ! 230 ! & * / '* + , + + d &.=. 2541 :/* ! 118 $# 30 0 , * * '* + 67 A" , *# ,! 85 67 +0 0 , *# ; #

54 $ % &'* + # , - *

67 50 2 85 , *# ! 19 12 '* 7 '* , *# ,! & & , '* ,< , *# 3 - ; 50 , * ! 7 # 8 1.1 50 33 A"

P ( . .) # + 5 ,+ $ & B 2 # 5 ! P 3 P # 8 :/* 67 , * 30 0 " '* , *,! " 2 8 3 " 1.2 50 0 AD, & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 16 - + 8 67 50 30 0 # 3 67 2 85 , *# 67 50 A" ! 17 9 '* , * ! 7 67 * + 5 " , A" " "*! # 8 ! 5 + # :/* # 67 A" " 50 , * ! 7 # 8 2.1 50 A" 5 ! 5 # 3 8 67 ! 5 " "*! 2.2 50 " 8, A" 3

5 #! 8 67 '* 30 0 A% 85 50 &5 , *,! + ;+ 5 d 2542 ! 131 '* - 0 5 #! # # 1 , * * & 128 '* ( 5 95.52) 1.1 #! 3 79 '* ( 5 58.96) x #! 49 '* ( 5 36.57) x #! 30 '* ( 5 22.39) 1.2 5 & #! 85 49 '* ( 5 36.57) x # " ! , # 11 '* ( 5 8.21) x # " ! + 22 '* ( 5 16.42) x # " ! 16 '* ( 5 11.94) 2 + '* ' 0" '* 6 '* ( 5 3.17) 1.

= D 5 x ! 3 5' 3 3

55 $ % &'* + # , - *

x 2.

= D 8 67 #' # A" A" = D P P x = D ! P 3 85 8, 33 A" P ! A" 85 D # 8 x = D ! P 3 + 8, 5 < A" , 33 A"

P ! A" # 8 x = D ! P 3 85 8, 33 A"

P (1) ! A" #

D 3 & B 3 +, P ( . &3. P

56 $ % &'* + # , - *

) 3 ) ) /

+, D % * + # , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 % + 0 8 +30 3 85 % , - * &'* , + 5 % $# 0 85 ! 3 # 67 # 30 3 85 # '* C , * + # 3 5 , * 0 P & # 2 ' 1. ) ) ' " % +#

1.1 % * + 2 x & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2484 x & 3+ 77 " 0, 8 3 " &.=. 2504 x & 3+ 77 " 2 8 3 " &.=. 2507 x & 3+ 77 " 85 0 " D 2 &.=. 2535 x & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2535 x & 3+ 77 " 2 30 Â&#x2039; &.=. â&#x20AC;¦. 1.2 % * +, *# x 5 % , *# &.=. 2597 x & 3+ 77 " #, *# &'* 3 & &.=. 2511 x & 3+ 77 " # , *# &'* A" &.=. 2517 x & 3+ 77 " 9 , *# &'* A" &.=. 2518 x & 3+ 77 " & B , *# &.=. 2526 x & 3+ 77 " ' &.=. 2518 x & 3+ 77 " 0## 85 - # &.=. 2543 1.3 % * + # ! 85 x & 3+ 77 " 85 ! &.=. 2505 x & 3+ 77 " 35 , A% D &.=. 2482 x & 3+ 77 " 35 , 5 &.=. 2485 x & 3+ 77 " &.=. 2490

57 $ % &'* + # , - *

x & 3+ 77 " # ,< " , &.=.2482 1.4 % * + # * 8 #5 85 5& A x & 3+ 77 " 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 8 3 " &.=. 2535 x & 3+ 77 " < 0 &.=. 2535 2. ) 9 ) 6 . x & 3+ 77 " P "! +585 D + "! +5 &.=. 2537 x & 3+ 77 " < 9 + " 3 , &.=. 2539 x & 3+ 77 " + #, 5 # , * &.=. 2539 x & 3+ 77 " 5 , 3 &.=. 2540 x & 3+ 77 " ! #8 85 " ! 8 D , - * &.=. 2542 3.1 ) ) ' " % 3.1.1 ) 9E C 3.1.1.1 , " .. % 9E C .$. 2484 % * + + 0 85 07 " ,! 2 8 5 5 0# # 8 $# & 3 ! #8 & * " & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2484 &.=. 2532 ! 7+ 77 " * + ,! 2 ' + 2 + P 5 85 2 , +" ! 85 2 5'* , * + 0 5! ! + 0 8 85 8 - 2

# 5 '* 8 - 2 % ! # 8 - ' 2 ' ,! # # C ,! 5 2 ' /#-' + 2 &'* " ' '* 8" ,! P

", * # ! 8 P, A" 85 ; " # = 3 0 + A ' $# # + 07 " & , * :/* +,+ 77 " , * \ A% +0 0 - 2 $# &5 % # ! & , * /#+ # '* ' '* 3 " D&

& ' '* 5 # C , *+0 5 # 3 ' "0 # 3 ,! # ' 0 D # + 5 ,! # ,! , *12 1_ +,+ 77 "

58 $ % &'* + # , - *

% $,A, ! , +85 + ' 2 , * # ' '* ,! # ! #$,A $,A ! 0 " 8" #' -/ 20 d $,A +" 8" 5,000 + ,-/ 200,000 + , ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2484 ! 8" " & , * ! # " < ! , * ! # + 73 " , & 3+ 77 " 85 % , &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.1.2 , " .. % - + # " % .$. 2504 % &'* #" 85 0 0, 8 3 " 3 &'* 0 A , & < 3 " , * 3 & <0D 85 2 " D 2 "5 # , , = D 2 85 P P &< 3 " # - ,! 5 ' 5 * 8 5 &'* ! $ 3 D, , " 85 , 8 ;85 3 3

# 2 % ! # /* 0, 8 3 " +# 5 # , A" 85 D < < +# 2 8, # , 8, , *# 85 '* + # :/* ; " 8" " ,! , * ! / A " ; " ! # ", *# 0, 8 3 " ' & - 0 85 # 85 A 0, 8 3 " "5 # '* '* C , * ; " / A ! # " 0, 8 3 " " & 3 NA% 85 8 , *8 # 8 "8 + , * ! #8 +, & 3 NA% # , *# , * ! # + 0, 8 3 " " , *# , * # ,< Z ' + $# 3 +# % +0 5 #:/* 3 ,+ ' %

! # 5 "85 \ ' '* '* 8 # " 0, 8 3 " " &'* 3 3 # " 0, 8 3 " , ! # <

' & - " 0, 8 3 " " & 3 NA%

0 # 85 0, 8 3 " % # ! # ,! + " 0, 8 3 " " " 16 P

" 0, 8 3 " +0 5 # (1) /#-' + , *# "5 #-/ 8 - ' 2 (2) + ! ,! # # C " ' ,! '* P &:/*

! ! 8 ' , & < 3 " '* (3) ! " D ' ,! # # C " 8 " D (4) ,! # # C " ' ,! '* P &8 # # ' ,

(5) 5 * 8 5 , ! ' ,! ! 5! ! 5! +/ , , ' ' #8

59 $ % &'* + # , - *

(6) j# ' ,! # 8 , ! ' , + (7) + ! ,! # # C " ' ,! '* P &:/* 5 ! / * - 5' ' 5 (8) + ' ,! # # C " 8 # + ' 5 (9) ! & ' + * & , , * # # &'* 8" # + 07 " & , * (10) ! = / 5 , *, * # # &'* 8" # + 07 " & , * (11) ! ' 5 =0 " D (12) ! " D 5 ' " D& 8" # 9 + " " + +, * < +# ! # $# 0 " ; " (13) #! # C &'* 5 $ 3 D 8" # + 07 " & , * (14) j# = $Â&#x2030;A ' # , *" C (15) ! '* ' ! +5 " D ' + " D ' 0< # C 8" # + 07 " & , * 85 9 + " " '* :/* & , * 07 " ! # (16) _ ,! # + #:/* "-0 + # ' 0## &5 (17) ' E ' ,! '* + ' , * #' # ! 78 ' " D (18) , 51 ' * " C , *, * # # &'* (19) , * , * 3' &5 :/* ,! # &5 & , * ! ! * ,! #" " 16 " 0, 8 3 " ' # ,! # C # * 5 / ' * , * # P & # * ,! #,! 5 ' ' - ' ,! 5 + P & # , *12 1_ ,! # $,A ! 0 " 8" /* #' -/ d $,A + + ,-/ '* + , ' , ! , + 85 + 0< '* ' '* 3 85 & , * 3 ,! ##

% j#$ 3 3 3 $ 3 D " 0, 8 3 " &'* =/ A 85 , $#

< +# ! ! # " 85 + + * + + + < ' " +8, , *& , * + ' # " C 0, 8 3 " ' , * # + 07 " #! ' & = 0, 8 3 "

60 $ % &'* + # , - *

; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 0, 8 3 " &.=. 2504 ! 8" " & , *85 % , &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.1.3 , " .. % 9E + # " % .$. 2507 % , * 3 8, & 3+ 77 " 0 85 2 &.=. 2481 "-0 D &'* A P & 2 2 ' , & < 3 " '* + , * P & 0# + D " $# ! # ", *# 2 8 3 " ! # + # 2 8 3 " ! ; " , A" 85 D, * % , ! # " 2 8 3 " % , # 5 " 8 , *8 # 8 " 2 , * ! # 2 8 3 " 8 +, % , # 5 * 8 5 " ' & - 2 8 3 " 2 # " % , 3 # '* # ! # 2 # 2 8 3 " 85 % ! # 30# /* +# 8, 2 8, 8, , *# 85 '* , * ; " 8" " &'* ,! , * + 0 & , * 6 5 " " # \ ' '* 8 # 8 " 2 8 3 " j# = % , 85 8 , *:/* ! # " #, *, * ,! ! P ' * ! P , , * , *,! ! , , * 85 , * j#

+ , , * , *#! + 85 E ! +0 5, * ,< ' # ,! $ 3 D " 2 8 3 " , * % , ! # 2 8 3 " 3 + + 85 & ! # ,#8, " , * % + 77 " A% /#-' + ,! $ 3 D ' =

2 8 3 " "5 # 8 - 2 ,! + 2 ' ,! #

# C :/* ,! '* P & 2 8" ,! ' + 2 $# # + 07 " & , * ' " % # 2 ' # + 07 " ,! $ 3 D ' =

" 2 8 3 " " " 16 " 16 , 85 " 16 " ' # + 07 "

=/ A ' , 3 ' ' 3 , ! ' 5

" D 5 " + +, * < +# 2 ! # ' # + 07 " ,! +! 0 2 ' 5 2 ' ' " " 2 '* $, & 3+ 77 " 2 8 3 " &.=. 2507 8 5 d 2528 8 & 3+ 77 " 2 8 3 " (E+ +, * 3) &.=. 2528 & * " " 16 , 85 " 16 " , *,! $ 3 D ' =

+ 2 '* $, , * ! # " + 0 2

61 $ % &'* + # , - *

8 3 " 85 $# # ,! 20 " + 85 ! # 5 5 5 d8" 30 d 85 07 "&' , * 5 2 &' , *, *" ,! $ 3 D ' = # 35 " + " + ! # 5 5 5 d8" 30 d 3 85 " < " , * % ! # # + 07 "5 , ,! $ 3 D ' =

, *# , * # + 07 "" #" d ' '* +0 5 + ,! $ 3 D ' 9 + " " 5 [D85 '* + +, * < +# 2 ! # - & - 07 " # ,< = ' ,! $ 3 D , *# 0# 5 # + 07 "-/ 8 " +0 5 + :/* = + # + 07 " ,< = ' ,! $ 3 D , * # " # 8" /* 8 # + +8" , * # + 07 "-/ 8 " 8" ,< # 5 -" , # P +0" /* # ' +0 5 + :/* = + # + 07 " # # + 07 " # +0 ' " 8++, * ! # ! + 2 8 3 " , * '* $, P &, * 8 ^_` ' P & # # %

+,+ 77 " " 20 < +# 2 $# 0 " ; " ! 07 " ' +0 5 /* +0 5 #,! +! 0 2 ' 5 2 ' ' " # ' , * 2,000 " # + 0 " ; " 85 # + 07 " " " +8, , * 3 8 ;" ! , * ! # = , A" 85 D 5 [D 3 2 8 3 " " " 20 2 ' 1. 2 '* $, , * -, * 5 +^_` ' # " < 3 " # " " 16 , 2. 3 " &'* ,! +! 0 2 ' 5 2 ' ' " % 3 # 5 [D # /* 2 2 , * 3 5 + ' $ , . 85 $ + 2 & , * ! ! * ,! # " 2 8 3 " ' # ,! # C " 2 8 3 " # * 5 / ' * , * # P & # * ,! # ' - 8 ' ,! '* #8 * , * " ' * , * ,! '* P & , *12 1_ ,! # $,A ! 0 " 8" #' -/ + d 85 + & + ,-/ /* 8 '* + , ' , ! , +85 + 2 '* ' '* 3 0< " D & & ' '* 5 # C , * 3 ,! # $# ! / ,! #85 - 5 $,A ! & & A = 5 '

62 $ % &'* + # , - *

; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 2 8 3 " &.=. 2507 ! 8" " & , * 85 % , ! # < P 5 85 +! 0 2 " " + 73 , & 3+ 77 " 85 ! # '* &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.1.4 , " .. % +(, - % 9E .$. 2535 % , * 3 8, & 3+ 77 " 85 0 " D 2 &.=. 2503 , * 3 5 " " C , * % # -,! 85 0 " D 2 ,< P &85 # 5 # "-0 D % + + ! " # & <0D " D 2 85 85 0 " D 2 + 85 '* 6 0+ # " 5 ,= , * ' &'* 85 0 " D 2 , - * , & , * ! 7 $5 # &'* + 0 " 85 0 " D 2 85 # 5 + " 5 ,= + 0 % # 85 0 " D 2

! 7 % 0 , * 0 3 #& <0D " D 2 $# ! # " " C

+ 0 5 & & <0D + 85 5'* " D 2 85 : " D 2 # (1) ! #3 #& <0D " D 2 , * % 0 $# 8+ " D 2 85 " D 2 0 (2) ! # " 85 < 5 & & <0D + 85 :/* " D 2 85 : " D 2 85 5 "P [D, *,! : " D 2 (3) ! # 5 [D ! ! ! 5'* , *:/* " D 2 85 : " D 2 , # " " D 2 $# ! # + 07 " ' + + (4) ! # 5 [D + " D < (3) ! # "85 + , * 5 " D 2 $# ! # " A & <0D " D 2 85 " 5 " D 2

# 2 % ! # /* 85 0 " D 2 +# ; " , A" 85 D < 5 # , A" 85 D 5 # , # , 5 # , " ,= < +# < +# , *# < +# < +# =0 " D < +# =05 < +#

63 $ % &'* + # , - *

" ,= $# "! 8 85 , 0 0B '* 8" + # :/* ; " 8" " 85 < +# 2 85 5 0 ! 85 , * # (1) 3 + ! # " A & <0D " D 2 ! # " 5 " D 2 85 ! #3 # ' P, " D 2 , * 5 " A & <0D " D 2 (2) + 0 5 " 85 \ ' '* '* 8 # " A & <0D " D 2 " &'* 3 3 # " A & <0D " D 2 (3) ! # &/ ,! &'* $ 3 D +! 0 A " A & <0D " D 2 85 " 5 " D 2 (4) 3 + * + & 3 NA% % , 85 + + &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " (5) ! # 5 [D " +85 " #" 9 + " " & 3 + 77 " (6) 9 + " '* #, * % ! # , * ! # " D 2 3 # # " D 2 0 % , $# 3 + ; " , A" 85 D$# 3 + ! ! #3 # " D 2 0 " D 2 3 # & & <0D # $# ! # % , & & <0D + :/* " D 2 " D 2 0 ' : " D 5 " # + 07 " ! ! ! 5'* , * :/* " D 2 " D 2 0 ' : " D 5 " # + 07 " ; " , A" 85 D ! " # " " D 2 85 ! # " # $# = 3 0 + A ! " D 2 " D 2 0 ' : " D 2 # 5 # " 8 ' " 8++ # + 07 " 85 / ! 5'* , *" # ; " ! ! #+ , *# “ " A & <0D " D 2 ” $# " & 3 NA% 85 8 , *8 +, , *# , * ! # " # ,< ' ,< + " 5 % , *# ' & - " A & <0D " D 2 " & 3 NA% #

" A & <0D " D 2 # 8" # + 07 " & , * 5 " D 2 " D 2 " D 2 0 ' 3 ' + ' ,! "

64 $ % &'* + # , - *

8 " D 2 8" ,! &'* =/ A ' , 3 85 # + 07 " ' < +# $# 3 + /#-' + , *# ' 5 ' * /* * # ' " # $ 8 - ' ,! 5 " ' &NA3 " '* ' 0# 8 # ' 5 " D ' 5 " D ' " D 2 ' 5 * 8 5 , ! ' ,! ! 5! ! 5! +/ , , ' #8 & A ' " " " D 2 & , * :/* ! " A & <0D " D 2 ! * 12 1_ " " A & <0D " D 2 ' # ,! # C # #5 " D 2 " D 2 " D 2 0 ' ' 3 ' + ' ,! " 8 " D 2 + # ' + - , *, * # &'* 3 3 3 , * +& < , = ; " $# 3 + ! # , *# + - , *, * 3 3 ' 3 &'* < $ 3 D ' 3 3 3 $ 3 D 8 # " 5 " D 2 3 # ' P, # # $# = 3 0 + A 85 " 5 " D 2 ,! " (1) 5 " D 2 3 # ' P, (2) + ' ,! " 8 " D 2 :/* 5 (3) /#-' + , *# ' " # $ 8 - ,! 5 " ' &NA3 " '* ' 0# 8 # ' 5 " D ' 5 * 8 5 , ! ' ,! ! 5! ! 5! +/ , , ' #8 & A ' " " " D 2 8" # + 07 " < +# ' '* < +# # = 07 " C " 5 8 /* 8 #$# E& , *12 1_ ,! # $,A ! 0 " 8" /* d-/ # d 85 + & + ,-/ /* 8 + , ' , ! , +85 + 0< '* ' '* 3 " D& & ' '* 5 # C , *+0 5 # ' # 3 ,! # ' '* ,! # - 5 $,A ! & & A = 5 ' + # " D 2 " D 2 0 : " D 2 : " D 2 0 5 " P [D, *,! : " D 2 # 5 ' " D 2 , *+0 5 # ' '* ,! # = 5 * + 8 # 85 2 85 ! #! " + + ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 85 0 " D 2 &.=. 2535 85 ! 8" " & , * 85 % ,

65 $ % &'* + # , - *

! # < " , & 3+ 77 " 5# ' < 85 ! # '* &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.1.5 , " .. % 9E .$. 2535 % 5 2 3 5 85 "0 5 '* ; $ + 5 2 &'* , *# ;85 3 * / 8" '* & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2484 :/* 3 # +,+ 77 " +85 0 ,< ,! , * # 5 2 / " & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2535 &'* + 0 85 5 2 # 5 , &'* 3 & 3 3 ,! 85 5 " &'* "5 # & * &' , *,! / 85 &'* , * ,! 5 2 * ,< 85 $ 3 D, * # + 5 2 3 # + P 5 85 P

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

'* ; ,! 2 " # " &'* 8 # , * # ,! 2 85 -" # ' $ , * # ,! 2 # $# " 8 ' " & , *

66 $ % &'* + # , - *

, * # ,! 2 " P 5 85 +! 0 2 " % # 2

, * ,! 2 D ,! 2 " " 8 ' " & , *85 ! " ,! 5 " & , * ,! 2 " ' $ ,< ' ,< + +0 5 '* ' - 5 77 3 ' 3 :' , *# , *,! 2 85 , , ' , * +, *# 8, D ,! 2 " -8 +$ , + 2 # P

180 +8" ,! 2 " ' ' $ ,< ' ,< + +0 5 '* ' - 5 77 3 ' 3 :' , *# 85 8" - 8 ! # 5 -' ' + / , + , *# 2 0#5 ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 2 &.=. 2535 ! 8" " & , * + % , &'* 9 + " " & 3 + 77 " 3.1.1.6 # , " .. % 9E "- " .$. …. 8 # * + # 2 30 3 $# 30 3 # 2 " 8" d 2530 ; " " + 5 & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. …. '* , * 17 0 P & <D 2535 85 ! NA% " & $# " 5 * q 12 = A; ' ,! &'*

,! 8 E # 67 * + 5 5 +" # 2 8, / # 85 +,+ 77 " # C ,! ' 2 &'* 85 ; " " " % 3 $ j#$ 3 8 $ 3 D # 3 ,! D, / " & '* # 0 8" # 5 * 8 5 , '

d 2538 ;+ 5 + = 5 3 # $ + , * # % 2 30 3 :/* 8 # “ ,< 30 3 ” 85 “ + 2 ” j# +^6 # ( 3 & D) 8" + ! & 5 12 #

" $ + 7 P P 85 , - * ( P.) # ' +12 " C , P ;85 P 3 , * * + 2 30 3 #! &. .+. 2 30 3 $# =. &. = < ; " # + 5 , * 30 A 2539 85 , 3 & D $# + + 3 " + + !

67 $ % &'* + # , - *

; " # +^6 # < $# < 3 & D &.=. 2539 8" 5 * 8 5 ;+ 5

;+ 5&5 3 5 " 0,< 33 # " ;+ 5 ! &. .+. 2 30 3 #! " , * , * 4 0 P & <D 2540 ; " # " # 3 & D &. .+. 2 30 3 $#

3 & D 3 # ' &' , * #" 30 3 85 , * = # 2 30 3 85 < + 0 # 85 #! 2 30 3 " \ " 3 & D # ! 5 3 & D 0 ; " & & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. â&#x20AC;¦. 85 ; " # " 3 + '* , * 16 2540 85 NA% & NA% # " & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. â&#x20AC;¦. #' 0 P & <D 2541 " #" 8 67 33 30 , * 2/2541 '* , * 6 2541 " #" 0 / & + 0 8 & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=....$#

5# 5 D =D= =D < q 85

! & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 E+ +, * ; " " + 5 , * 30 A 2539 85 5 3 & D '* 15, 22, 30 &NAP 2540 & 8 q " ! ; " ! * 8" " / " ! * ! ; " , * 74/2541 85 & + 0 8 & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 85 P

30 :/* 3 & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. â&#x20AC;¦. ! NA% ( '* , * 3 0 P & <D 2541) 3 5 & $# & # 8 , & 3+ 77 " q # , * ' +- " , * # ,! 3 & D ' :/* q # " 3 + + 0 5 " 85 , A" 85 D &'* #! " , A" 85 D # '* 2 & :/* 2 # & 85 & 3+ 77 " # 5 # #! 5 , 6 0+ "0 D # 5 * 8 5 5 + & 3+ 77 " E+ + + - D + + " & 3+ 77 " E+ + &'* 3 8 67 #8

3 $ 3 D&' , * 2 , # 8 67 :/* 8 67 E& # " ; " '* , * 30 -0 2541 8 , * + 8 67 2 85 # ! + & # # 2 / ! '* < & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 ( 5# 5 D =D= =D) &'* & + 0 + D * /

68 $ % &'* + # , - *

2 # # 30 '* , * 12 2542 &'* +^6 # 85 8 3 2 # + + , 5 85 P P 3 8, D & B 3 85 '* 53 5 2 # ! & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. â&#x20AC;¦. E+ +, * ; " + 5 '* , * 30 A 2539 3 & D85 NA% " & 85 E+ +, *& + 0 " ! * ! ; " , * 74/2541 5 , * 19 2541 85 E+ +, * $# 3 P 8, A% & 3 " , ( $# 0 ,< Z " 0B AD 85 ; 0B ; 0 ) ;

& + 0 85 # ! , A" 85 D85 # " ! 5 < ; " '* #' -0 2542 ; " " + 5 & 3+ 77 " 2 30 3 &.=. â&#x20AC;¦ '* , * 5 "05 2542 " , * , A" 85 D 85 ! NA% " & /* 85 P 8, A% & P 8, A% & " :/* & 3+ 77 " # 5 # 5 + $ + ; " # # , & < 3 " 85 * 8 #5 , * 0 AD85 ^_` ^ , & 2 , 2 + 85 2 3 5 $# + 0 D , - * 85 3 3

# 85 A 2 85 5 2 30 3 "5 # + + 3 % &'* \ 85 + 5 5 +" # ,! 5 2 # & 3+ 77 " # 5 # 3 & D 3 + " #" 8 67 33 , # + 0 8 $# 2 &'* " 5 30 , * * , 5 85

6 0+ % # 5 & P q 3.1.2 ) ) 3.1.2.1 9 , ( ) .$. 2497 % , * 3 &'* +, % " C * +, *# , *+ + 3 ++ $#

5 % * +, *# 5 E+ + # 8 % $E #, *# E+ +" C % # , *# 5 :/* < + " 8 # %

+ 0 # :/* , *# $# 0 85 + A , ! # &'* ! % # & , * #, + ,< 85 " * + , & D" 5 % 8& 85 & 3 D 85 % , *# , * * + " # "

69 $ % &'* + # , - *

+,+ 77 " * + #, *# &'* 3 3 ! # ,< , *# #, *# #, + ,< 85 " ! # ,< , *# " # ! # ,< , *# " +0 5+ P, 85 , *# # % & E+ + # , * - ,< , *# 8 3 3

, * # ; - # , < + ' # + 0 7 " & , * % +0 5 # /#-' + "5 #-/ ' 2 ,! #

# ,! 5 ' ,! '* P &, *# , * , * # ' , *, + , * ; " = 3 0 + A ' ,! * /* * # " 8 , & , * # , * + 07 "" " +8, d 8 D + # ( " 9) % ! # " #, *# 8 3 " " +# ; " , # , < 3 , * * 85 < +# , *# 85 5 < $# "! 8 85 , 0 0B '* # :/* 8" " $#

; " #, *# 8 3 " ! , *# " (1) $ + #, *# &'* 3 3 , *# ! + = 85 5 3 &" 8 "P & (2) 8 -' , *# (3) 85 & B , *# &'* # 8 3 3 (4) ' , *# ;:/* # +0 5 # ,< + &'* 3 3 3 $ 3 D (5) 0 " $ #, *# ,+ ' (6) + 0 #, *# " 5 % 85 % '* (7) 9 + " * +, *# " , * ; " +

(8) +

,+ ' , * * #! * + ! , * # /* " 8, # " , * (9) 9 + " '* " , *+ 77 " 5 % ' % '* (10) + + ' + + ! # 5 [D ' '* * + #, *# ' &'* '* " 5 % , *# < +# , *# ! #, *# ;:/* # +0 5 # ,< + A% &'* , * = 85 ,! 5 3 & # #, *# 8 3 3 2 8++ ' #, *#

70 $ % &'* + # , - *

' 7 85 #, *# 8 5 5 8 5 5 # + #, *# # + + :/* " * ,! $ 3 D , *# +8" # + + 85 " ,! $ 3 D 85 P

3 d '* + ! #85 ,< +$E #, *# ' ' + ,! $ 3 D ,< " $E #, *# ' ' + ,! $ 3 D, * # + #, *# 5 A - + ' 5 , * 14 < 2515 $ P

! # + d +8" , * # +$E #, *# ' ' + ,! $ 3 D - + , * 14 < 2515 E& , * ; 3

5' # < $P 85 '* C '* #, *# $ P

! # 5 d +8" # +$E #, *# ' ' + ,! $ 3 D $E #, *# ' ' + ,! $ 3 D ,! # $# # ! , "! +5$# ; " , # , = 3 0 + A ! # #, * ,! ! #,! 8 , * ' & D + ,! $ 3 D :/* " , , *, *, 3 # ! 8 " 2 - ' $E #, * # ' ' + ,! $ 3 D E& ,< , * # ++ ! # '* $ ,< 5 5-10 d ' ! # ' , *, * - ,< # 50 - " # + 0 " 3 # '* + ,! $ 3 D , *# P 5 , * 5 % , *# 3 + + %

! # ,< , *# # #+ # 5 $ < 5 5 < * + "D ' # 5 , * # , *# " # + 07 " ; " 85 # 50 ! + " # # :/* , *# &'* 3 , * = + , & 3

0" A" 0 0=5 < ' = " " '* 85 < :/* ! #$# % , 85 " # + 07 " ; " ' # ! 5 ,0 " ! , * ! # % , :/* " "*! * +5 + , $#

# :/* , *# &'*

3 , * = # /* 85 " # + 07 " ; " 3.1.2.2 , " .. % ) ") .$. 2511 % , * ! ;+ 5 #, *# ; &'* 3 3 # , *" - 85 + 3 & 5 8 5 , *# $# & 3 NA% 85 8 , * ! # 8 ", *# #" #, *# 8++ ' #, *# " #! $# 3 D , 8 85 # 85 #, *# D

71 $ % &'* + # , - *

#! $# D , A" 85 D $# #, *# , 8++ 3 % E+ + # #, *# , 8++ , * ' ' " # 5' 0 + " 3 8" 5 + # + #, *# 50 + 3 ,0 , * ;+ 5 # 5 ,0 # 3 # + ,< , *# " '* ,! $ 3 D , *# " #" 5 5 d 85 3! 3 ,0 "5 # + 85 # + ' 8 # ,! $ 3 D :/* ' # 5 - ! '* ,< " 5 % , *# # ,< " 5 % , *# , * - $ '* 5 5 d +8" , * # + " , #8 , ,$# < ' $ D, * " 3 %

! < +# 9 + " P

" * + 8 ' , & < 3 " '* &'* $ 3 D ' , & D '* ! ++! 0 85 #,! * , * $ 3 D" $#

,! " % C # $ 3 D /#-' + 5 8 - 2 ' ,! # # C ,! 5 ' ,! '* P &, *# ' ,! "

8 , & < 3 " , *# P

" 8" # + 07 " < +# '* # 8 # # + 50 5" 0 85 P & , * # #" / " & 3 NA% 0# ; " = P & 3 0 + A ; " , # , 85 ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " #, *# &'* 3 & &.=. 2511 , * * + ! 85 , * " 3.1.2.3 , " .. % 9 ) *% .$. 2517 % , * * + & B , *# , * 3 &'* A" + D, * -/ , *# ,0 8 5 &'* & * 5 5 "85 5#" ,0 5 "$# ,! + , *# 5 8 5 + # &'* # , *#

# ++35 , 85 + ! # - ' , 5! 5 + # +&' , *# +! 0 # 8 5 "85 ! 5 " 5 A" "5 #-/ 85 5 * $ +$ ,< , *# 3 :' , *# 85 '* C , * * + # , *# "5 # # ", *# ! + =

72 $ % &'* + # , - *

# , *# 5 ! , * + 0 # 85$# , * :/* ! # , *# 5 85 ! # , *# # , ! , * $ # , *# ! # "$ # , *# " ; " * + #:' ' ' , *# "$ # , *# 3 + 8 #8 5 , *# ++35 , 85 + ! - ' , 5! 5 + # +&' , *# 85 5 * $ +$ ,< , *# 3 :' , *# 85 '* C , * * + # , *# "$ # , *# E 3 # * + 67 # , *# " ! ' ! 0,< D , * # ' +0 5 # * +, *# "$ # , *# "5 # + + ' + + * + 9 + " 85 '* C , * * + # , *# ! # , *# 5 85 ! # , *# # '* # & 3 NA% ! # "$ # , *# 3 + + + # " # # %

# , *# # ' - ! # "$ # , *# 0 ,& # , *# 0 ,& $# ! , *, * ! 7 ' ! + , *# 85 +- , #,! + ,/ 8 #

' , *# + , * ,! # ,! , *# 85 , & D 8 #8 5 , *# ++35 , 85 + ! - &' , * $ 85 #! '* , * * + # , *# &'* " "-0 D # , *# " #! # , *# , * ! 7 ' 1. , *&' , * # " & 3 NA% 8" # , *# 5 $ # , *# + # ' , * # , *# # # # ! + , *# 85 ! # "$ # , *# #! # $ # , *# $# , 2 " , *# /* /* , *# + #

2. # , *# 5 ! # ", , *$ # , *# $# " & 3 NA% & 8 , *8 +,

3. # ++ 35 , 85 + ! - ' , 5! 5 85 < $P '* , * ! 4. # 30 , *# &'* " 5 * + ! #8 5 , *# $# " # , *# 8" 5 # +, *# 8 5 # ' 8 5 , * 5 5 + 5 0,< , *# # , , * ,! # 85 , *# # # +, *# 85 , & D '*

73 $ % &'* + # , - *

7. 8.

, *# 5 ' "*! 5 ,< , *# # , *# ,< # + ' 5 , *8" "

& , *# ' 8 # ,< , *# ! +8 5 , *# "$ # , *# " ,< , * , *# 8" 5 # +P 5 # , *# 85 '* # ' 8 # ,< , *# / 85 -' ' 8 # ,< , *# # 5 P

5 d +8" , * # + ' 8 # ,< , *# "$ # , *# , *# $ ,< , *# " '* 8" " , #, # ' $ D ' 50 A" , * 3 ' $ , A" 85 D &'* $ 3 D # , *# ' '* # + 07 " ' # , *# 5 85 P

5 d , *# # 5

+ #8 + + # #

, * # 3 , *# # 5 , '* , * 3 A" 8" # + 07 " # , *# # , *# , *3! 3 " C # , *# $# " , * # , *# 5 ! #

, * " % E+ + ! # #! # , *# " * P ; , +,+ 77 " # ! # A" ; #,! $ # , *# # / % , * # + 0 3 3 $ # , *# , * =& 3 NA% &' , * # " # + , *# !

/* /* $# " # ! &' , * , *# , * 8" # :/* 67 # , *# ! /* /* -' , *# & 5

&' , *$ # & 3+ 77 " # , *# &'* A" &.=. 2517 8 & * " d 2534 & * '* ,0 # , *# " 50 , 85 " 50 " &'* 3 ,0 0

#! # , *# 85 3 5' 8 A" , *# 3.1.2.4 , " .. % 9: 9 ) *% .$. 2518 9 , *# &'* A" ' + 0 * + ,< 85 -' , *# &'* A" "5 #-/ #, * =

, *# &'* A" $# ; ! , *# ; ' , * # , * ; #:' ' ' , *# :/* # ,! $ 3 D , *# # " ' , *#

74 $ % &'* + # , - *

,< " & 3+ 77 " &'* # 8 A" , *# " ' A" , * , *# 5 & & 8 3 &85 - + A" # 3 :' 3 ' ,! $ 3 D$# ;

3 5' & B 3 & A" + 0 , & 85 6 5 " "5 # 5 "85 !

# 5# * / "0, * = 3 % 9 , *# '* A" " 7 ,< , *# 85 5 3 " 3 , *# " , * , *# # +! 0 A ,! 5 " 5 A" # +"*! A" # + < 85 + ++ 3 , *# 85 ! 5 5 ""5 # 3 5 # 5 67 A" 0 8 5 # 5 # 0 , , = A; ' ,= ;+ 5 / # " # 8 67 # < 9 , *# 9 , *# , , * # " " & 3 NA% 8 , *8 # "85 +0 , , *, * " 9 , *# # & , , * # = ! # " 9 , *#

! #, , * ! P , * A" , *# + A" " ' , *# 5 & & 8 3 & ' " 3 , *# '* + A" ! 5 5 "" "*! [D # # + ! 7 ! # " 9 , *# 5 % 9 , *# +,+ 77 " ! . . . ! , *# ; P,, * < , * 3& #0 , * 5 85 , * 2 '* P & #! 9 , *# 85

! # ! , *# " & - P &" % '* & 9 , *# " # , * 3 5' , *,! / " # " , * ,! 5 3 # . . . ! ! , *# " '* # = " 9 , *# 85 , *# , * . . . # # 5 ! # A" ,! $ 3 D 3 ' 3 :' " # -' , *# , * % ! # # (1) 50 ! + A" 8" 5 + 3 + A" (2) 100 ! + A" 8" 5 + 3 + A" P, 5 " D 7 " , * ; " , A" 85 D = ! # (3) ! " , * ! + - + A" (4) - , *# ; 85 A" + 85 5 , * ! # # " , * + 8" 100 $# " 3 ' 3# 3

, * & * / ,< , *# , * # + 9 , *# ,< Z '* ' ,< + ,! $ 3 D , *# $# - " " 9 #

75 $ % &'* + # , - *

(1) ' + +, *# ( . . . 4-28) 5 ; # +, *# " 9

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

3 8 ! 8 A" 85 , * '* 5

76 $ % &'* + # , - *

! , *# " = 3 0 + A ! # " ! , *# $# 8 , *8 # " ! , *# 8 +, '* " ! , *# 85 & , * - ! , * # , * ' + # 5 & , " D / -/ & , " D" $# " 8 ' + , + 3

# & B , *# D" +" # ' + 0 # ' , *# E& # $# 3 " , * ! # % , 8" - A" & B , *# " +" # ' , *# &'* A" " ! " # + & B , *# # + " 3

,! ,! 5 # #8 5 5'* ' - #- '* ! $#

# + 07 " & , * $,A ! 0 /* #' ' + /* & + , ' # 9 + " $,A + /* & + , ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " 85 ! 8" " & , * + % , &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.2.6 , " .. % ! .$. 2518 ,= , # % * + ' " 8" &.=. 2495 ' & 3 + 77 " ' 85 3 +, &.=. 2495 &'* # * + ' " # 5 85 = 3 & 3+ 77 " ' &.=. 2518 85 # 8 & * " 2 d &.=. 2525 85 &.=. 2535 % "-0 D # 3 , *# " ' &'* ' & B ' ' ' / ' 8, ' ' ' , * # + &'* ' ,! # * / - 0 5 A # + + + 3 $ 3 D , & D 5 #P 3 3 85 # P & &'* = A; 85 P &8 #5 &'* #! A ' + - , *85 "-0, * $ 3 D ' 0 , = 5 - 6" " = " D ' $+ # ' &'* +! 0 A , & < 3 " P ,=, * # ' 0 , < 3 " #,! ' #,! # 2 P, ' ' ' ' E& % ! # #" ' / /* ! ! # 5 [D < 85 '* , * ' + , *# " 8 5 * 8 5 ' + 3 $ 3 D, *# 3 $ 3 D# 5 #" $ + ' ! 7, * * + 0 5 A 5 #P 3 3 85 #

77 $ % &'* + # , - *

67 , * ! 7" & 3+ 77 " ' &.=. 2518 # 8 67 * + + + 3 % , * ,! # ,< P & '* & B , *# " 8 , , * & B , *# ' $ " C ;3 ! / # , *# 7 & B " , , *- 5 " # ' - , *:/* $ # 7 ;#! :/* 5 3 , *# # " = P & , *# 85 " &' , * ' # ++:/* 5" 67 * + ++ < $P #

" #,! ' # ! # " 27 , * +0 5 # 3 $ 3 D, *# # , * # ! # ' 8" + ! ## 5 5 # ! # ,< , , & D :/* ,< , * ;< 7 + ! + #,! ' E& '* % +0 ,! # $# " & 3+ 77 " ,!

#,! ' E& ,! # :/* 5 % E+ + + 50 5" 8 , , * # 3.1.2.7 , " .. % /- +(, .$. 2543 = 3 '* 6 0+ 0## &'* ! # - &' , *, *,! , * =

' &'* '* 8" 0## ' - # # 5 $# - " " 5 3 / # " 8 , & D 85 5 #P 3 3 # % # 0 # # 85 - # &'* 0 # # ' - # " ,=+ 5 0 ,& ' & , D , - * '* " , * % $# E& #" / :/* ; " , # , = ! # 3 0 + A 85 + , * & 3 NA% 3 + + % # + 0 " ' " % # ' 85 , , * '* , * ; " , # , = ! # $# - " " 5 3 % ! # /* " 0## 85 - # " +# < +# $ < < < 8, , & < 8, , *# 8, & B , *# 8, $ 0" 8, = 5 8, ! $ + 85 8 * 8 #5 8, ' 8, P = 85 8, P - 8 5 /* 85 , 0 0B * :/* ; " 8" " 85 ! + 0 $ < < 85 5 0 ; " $# ! 8 ! ! % , ! # (1) + 0## ' - #

78 $ % &'* + # , - *

(2) & <D 5 # + # ' # " 3 # # 5/ 85 # + # , * 0## 85 &' , * # , * - # 85 ++ # ' # -/ ", *# ' * 5 +0 5 '* (3) < \ & ,5 # ' * 5 (4) < 0 85 5 #P 8 85 +0 5P (5) 5 [D < 85 '* '* 0## ' - # , * D ,! 0## $# 5/ # +&' # " ' &' , * + # /* '* " " ' 5/ ' &' , *" , * & , - * = ! #

0#+ ! 3 , * &' , * + *" " " 8 " & , - * " 8++, * & , - * ! # 85 < 85 3 :/* # D , - * 8 , , *, * 0## - 0## &+$+ "-0 = 5 "-0 : #/ #! + &D ' 8 , * 0 , = A; ' , =/ A # < , 0## " 0# 0## + 85 & , - * , +P

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d ' + /* 8 + , ' , ! , +

79 $ % &'* + # , - *

0## ' - # $# # + + +8 & , - * ' ,! # '* , * $,A5#5 " 5! # + 3.1.3 ) J6 +(, 9 , 3.1.3.1 , " .. % +(, J6 .$. 2505 % , * 5 & 3+ 77 " 85 &0,<= 3 2484 '* % # 5" " D & A" + , , * # ,! # 8" , ,! 85 ,! ,0 # 5 # E / ! " " & 3+ 77 " 85 ! / 8, 3 + + %

, , * #" & 3 NA% $# 8 , * +85 '* 3 + +85 , *# " #,! +, *# 5 A * 85 - ! ' # + &' # # "*! * + : " " 85 + : " " 85 P

! # 5 d - < +# 35 , 5 1 d 85 , *# #,! 85 * & , *#! $# , *# 3# 3 3 # 85 5 A ! " , * < +# = ! # &'* $ 3 D 8+ 6 ! $# , * -/ < +# ! ! # & , * #,! " ! ' * '* , * 3 + + ! ! $#

, *# , * + $ 3 D ' 3

#,! " ' , *# " 85 + , *# , * +! 0 A ! 85 " ! ' * '* , * 3 + + ! , *# " P & 3 # # 0#5 ! d5 & , * ! 8" " " :/* ' + , *#

+ " 85 ! , *# /* & " ; 3 & , * ! , *" , *& , * + ' 85 "! 8 5 d 3.1.3.2 , " .. % "(9 , * .$. 2482 + 77 " / &'* + 0 35 , , * #,! / $# 3 :/* #,! 8 5 ! / &'*

3 " ' #,! / &'* 3 ' #,! / &'* + 8 +0 5 '* + % , * * + 8+ 35 , P 3 #! 8++ /* (Privatization) % # 8+ P, 35 , A% D 3 P, '

80 $ % &'* + # , - *

1. 35 , +0 5 35 , , *+0 5 # ' 5

# #,! / &'* $ 3 D8 & 5 +0 5 C $# E& ( " 4) $# " 07 " ; 8" 35 , +0 5 ,! / ' , * 200 ' ,! 3 * $# # # , ! < ' ,! +0 5 '* ( " 7 85 " 8) ; ! * 35 , +0 5, * ! ! E5 * ! 8 , *# $# , *# " 3 5' ' + 0 35 , +0 5 " 85 - ; 35 , +0 5 &'* $ 3 D8 A% ! , * * 5 * 35 , +0 5, *,! + d85 35 , A% # $#

A% , * # + $ 3 D 35 , # 5 " +8, 8 35 , +0 5 # ( " 9) 2. 35 , A% 35 , , * A% # #,! / &'* $ 3 D8 & 5 A% , , * $# " 07 " ; , * #

35 , A% ' " 7 A% , * # + $ 3 D 35 , ( " 12) ; 8" " 35 , " 7 A% "5 # ! [D8 A% : 8: 8 35 , A% # ( " 13 85 " 14) 85 = ,! # C # 35 , 8 ! 5! < 5 +/ + , ! ' 8 5 ! # C :/* ! 8 35 , ( " 11) 3. 35 , 35 , , *+0 5 # #,! / &'* " +8, , *" 3 ! &'* & 5 35 , $# " , ; :/* ; - + 0 35 , # " '* , 35 , , P, - + 0 $# %

! ; * j# ' # 3 # /* 35 , 3 * # ! &'* $ 3 D8 8+ 6 ! #8 5 ' &'* 5 #P ' 0 < 3 ( " 5) ! + 35 , +0 5 ' 35 , A% ; ! 3 ! 3 ! ! ' ! , $# 5 $ 3 D

81 $ % &'* + # , - *

3.1.3.3 , " .. % "(9 , ( .$. 2485 % , * * + +! 0 A ++35 , "5 # ! #

& , * ! #! # " C &'* $ 3 D8 35 , :/* % # + 77 " 35 , "35 , # " 35 , " , * 35 , #,! / &'* # :/* ! ' &'* + A + 0 + ' 8+ ! &'* A" &5 < $P ' 0" 85 -/ \ # ! + -/ , ! :/* "35 , #

“ "35 , ” ", *# , *,! & 5 :/* # + $ 3 D 35 , , ! 35 , 8+ 5 P, E& &'* 35 , , ! , * 3 35 , 85 , ! $# 35 , #

0 D8 35 , ! +, ! # , ! 35 , ' 85 P,

# ; " , A" 85 D = 3 0 + A ; ! + 3 ! , ! 35 , ! ! 3 A" 0" ' '* # 85 3 ! ' "35 , $# % ! # ; " , A" 85 D % , ! # " 35 , 85 + , * + 35 , A" + # 5 + ," d ( " 8) , , * % , * + + 35 , A" 8" % , + $ ' '* 5 , , *85 # + 3 ! # 5 %

! + 73 ,0 0 &'* 35 , $# " ! 5 # 8 # ! 8 ; 5 , * 3 ! 35 , $ 3 D / 3 07 " , *# , * , ! ,< ,! , ! , *# '* # 8" " 3 ,#8, 8 ' + , *# , *, ! ( " 9) *

' + , *# j# * j# &'* ! 5 , *# 5 ' 5 , # ( " 20) * ' + , *# 8 5 , * & + ! ,! ! &'* 5 "0 , *# # + ! " ( " 21) 0# 5 ' , ! 3'* +, 35 , ' 3'* +, ! '* , * 3'* +, ! 35 , ' ,! # ! , ! 35 , * 5 # 8 35 , 8" # + 07 " ' < +# ' , * < +# + ( " 26)

82 $ % &'* + # , - *

0#5 j# , ! 35 , 8" # + 07 " ( " 34) #3 ' 3 ! , ! 35 , '* "0 # 8 '* ( " 35) $# %

# ! #$,A ! + 12 1_ #

# \ 5P A" " 3 ! # # " , * % + 77 " #, 51 : " D : &'3 - - ' * 9 55 , ! 35 , ' ,! ! " 8 & 5 ' + $P 5 ! :/* ,! # & A8 ! " < 3 " ' & A5 , ! 35 , ,! ! , ! 35 , " 8 A" + $P 0 $P ' 0 P & ( " 28) & 3+ 77 " 35 , 5 &.=. 2485 8 5 &'* 8 #! +! 0 A 85 + 0 "5 # " $,A & * ! & , * + 50 3 ! / 3 ! &'* A" 85

3 ! , ! 35 , &'* $ 0" 85 '* , 0 AD * 8 #5 , * * + 35 , 5 +,+ 77 " # ' , & D, *+ 77 " $# E& & 3+ 77 " 35 , 5 &0,<= 3 2485 + 85 : ! : ++,+ 77 " % # ' , & D " 3.1.3.4 , " .. % 9 , .$. 2490 % , * 3 &'* + 0 # 85 ,! ' + " D ! 7& <0D 0 0 8 5 , * = 85 3 #& <0D " D ! "5 # , & , ! :/* * + # &' , *50 ! #

! 7 & 3+ 77 " ' ! #85 #" ", * + " D ! 85 " + 0 ,! ' & 5 " D ! 5 ,, ' ,! "-0 & A5 , * + " D ! 85 ! # " + 0 '* C &' , *# 5 ! # 5 " 85 0" " D ! " + 0 " # + 07 "85 ! # '* 07 ",! \ 85 + 0 + " D ! ' 5 "P [D " D ! 3 # # 3 # /* + 0 & 5 " D ! 85 0 AD, & < 3 " ! 3 ! # P, “, * + " D ! ” 4 P, ' 1. , * A &'3& <0D ' , *:/* 8 A &'3& <0D " D ! 2. , * 5 ' , *:/* +0 5 5 #,! 85 & 5 " D !

83 $ % &'* + # , - *

3. , * 07 " ' , *:/* 07 " +0 5,! ' & 5 " D ! ' ,! +

" D ! 4. , * < $ 3 D ' , * + " D ! :/* +0 5,0 ,< ,! 85 & 5 " D ! # $# # 5 [D ,! , * + " D ! 5 #

! # 5 [D * + #, + 85 07 ",! $# , * + 3 & " D ! 5 "P [D " D ! 85 0" " D ! " / , + 85 07 " & , * &'* + 07 " , + " (85 8" ) 85 , * + '* ' ,! " #, + + " & , * &'* + 37 + " ! # 5 [D * + $ +8, & - + 07 " , + " 85 37 + " "5 # 5 5 37 + " ! # # 3 # + 85 < 3 '* ' ,! ! # " '* ' ,! , * 3 < 5 5 6 / - ! # '* ' , * 3 85 < ,! N# , * 5 85 5 5 ! #3 # # 85 ! " D ! , * 07 " ,! ,! " D ! 3 # #3 # /* $# # # # ! # 5 [D * + + # ' , + "

+ 07 " 85 37 + " ! # 5 [D * + + - " , , *" C ! # 5 [D + 0 +0 5 , * + " D ! 8 #8 /* + 0 + " D ! , '* ! # "5 # " " D ! , * #8 ' , & D +0 5 ' < 3 + 0 ! " D ! + 3 # 3 + 0 5 " D ! + 3 #5 , * + " D ! ! # ! & , * " + 0 ,! '* ' ,! " D ! , * 3 ,! # ! ' - ' /# '* ' ,! , *12 1_ % 85 ! #$,A ! + 12 1_ +,+ 77 " " C % 8 5 ! # < ,! :/* " # " 8 3 #& <0D (Species) 85 ++ = (Ecosystem) ! " D ! " ,=+ 3 #, * " 8 ,= " D ! + 3 # + 0 0 D '* '

84 $ % &'* + # , - *

+ " D ! 85 ! # / , + 3 & " D ! 5 "P [D " D ! 85 0" " D ! ; " , A" 85 D A " & 3+ 77 " &.=. 2490 85 ! 8" " & , *85 % , ! # " 85 < " " + 73 , & 3+ 77 " 85 ! # '* C &'* 9 + " " & 3+ 77 " 3.1.3.5 , " .. % # ' 9 , /% 9 , C .$. 2482 % * + ,< 8 , 85 $# + 07 " ! +,! 8 " # ' 0 7 0 ! # ' + A , ! #, *

3 73 " , ' , * 73 " " ,= ' ' , , * " # ! ' ,! " , " 5 +" ,= '* + 07 " ! +,! # E& +0 5 ' , * 73 " ,

" +0 5 ' " ,< # + + 07 " & 73 " , 85 " ' + 07 " 5 [D 3 ' ! ' , *,! " ,

! # ! , * & , * " ' +85 /# '* ' , * # ,! # ' "0 # ,! #" % 85 ^\ # -/ ! , *12 , :/* ; " # " / ! 85 , *^\ #

3.1.4 ) + ( +(, ( * 3.1.4.1 , " .. % # +(, * - > + ( + # " % .$. 2535 8 $ + 8 ; # P &8 #5 85 , & < 3 " - ! # / 8 ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2517 " 77 85 " 78 ;< 7E+ +" d 2521 " 65 ;< 7 d 2534 " 74 , * = 3 ;< 7E+ + 6 0+ 5 , * ;< 78 3 , &0,<= 3 2517 3 + + # & 3+ 77 " 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 8 3 " &.=. 2518 &'* #" * 8 #5 8 3 " 85 ! * 8 #5 8 3 " ! ! # $ + 85 # * 8 #5 + " C -/ 6 0+ # 8 + 0 & 3+ 77 " 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 8 3 " &.=. 2535 85 & 3 %A% 8+ , , = " D , $ $5 85 *

85 $ % &'* + # , - *

8 #5 ! $ + 85 8 * 8 #5 0 P & * 8 #5 85 + 0 5& A "0 5 = 3 & 3+ 77 " # 85 A 0 P & * 8 # 5 8 3 " &.=. 2535 '* " 3 3 85 D 3 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 # ++ + # * 8 #5 " 5 # 0 P & * 8 #5 ! # ! , * 3 ; 85 3 , - * # 85 , * 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 85 ! #8 , 9 + " , * # + #3 +$# " ! # " + 0 5& A # # +++! + # = +++! + # ! ++ ! # 85 '* ' ' 0 D" C &'* 8 67 * + 5& A ! # , * + # 3 + , * * + # 5& A $# 3 # ! # " # ,0 85 3 5' # " C &'* +, * 9 + " , *

A 0 P & * 8 #5 % ! # * 8 #5 8 3 " /* +# ; " < ; " :/* ; " + < , * /* ; " , , = " D , $ $5 85 * 8 #5 < , * ; " , 5 $ ; " , 5 ; " , A" 85 D ; " , ; " , # , ; " , =/ A < ; " , < 0 ; " , 0" 5 < & B = A; 85 8 3 " 5 < 5 ,0 ! ! + 85 , 0 0B * + * 8 #5 8 # :/* ; " 8" " ! " 8, P 3 # /* /* 85 5 # , , = " D , $ $5 85 * 8 #5 85 5 0 * 8 #5 8 3 " ! 85 , * # " (1) $ + 85 8 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 8 3 " &'* 3 + ; " (2) ! # " ; 0 P & * 8 #5 " " 32 (3) & 3 + 8 # 0 P & * 8 #5 , * ; " " " 35

86 $ % &'* + # , - *

(4) & 3 +8 9 + " &'* # 0 P & * 8 #5 # + #" " 37 (5) 8 " # 5 P A 85 5 ,0 & * 9 + " " $ + 85 8 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 8 3 " " ; " (6) 8 8 & * " ' + 0 % * + 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 " ; " (7) & 3 + 8 9 + " &'* \ ' 8 " # 8& 5& A ' P 5& A, * + 0 5& A " " 53(1) (8) & 3 + ! # " ; + 0 5& A 8 5 ! #, * ; " " " 55 (9) ! +# 8585 # " & 3 NA% % , + + + 77 " , - * = + +85 ! * , * ! &'* % * + 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 ++$# + D (10) " ; " &'* & * , * % 3 ' ; #12 1_ ' 9 + " " % + + ' + + * + A 0 P & * 8 #5 ,! # 8 (11) ! # " &'* ' 85 3 ; 85 3 '* , * * + 85 A 0 P & * 8 #5 (12) ! + # 85 + ,0 (13) * + - D 0 P & * 8 #5 ,=" ; " d5 /* (14) 9 + " '* #" , * ! # & 3+ 77 " ' % '* ! , * * 8 #5 8 3 " * 8 #5 8 3 " # ! , * $ + 85 ! # " " C # 8 (1) ! # " ; 0 P & * 8 #5 " " " 32 x " ; 0 P & ! 8 ! 5! 5 +/ , 5 + ! 85 8 5 ! < '* C , * P

' 8 # $# ! 8 " 5 A 3 $ 3 D + &' , *50 ! 8" 5 &' , * x " ; 0 P & ! , 53 16X , + &' , * 8 ! x " ; 0 P & ! + # 5

87 $ % &'* + # , - *

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+ 0 5& A % ! # + 0 5& A +#

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88 $ % &'* + # , - *

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90 $ % &'* + # , - *

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102 $ % &'* + # , - *

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103 $ % &'* + # , - *

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0 85 8 " Â&#x2018; +" % #

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112

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" 5$ ,-. 3 " 5$ ( - 33 254)

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. 3 5$ %0 ! & " # ( - 33 255) 53) - =5., , & " , 6 & # ,-. " # ' % . 3 $ # ( - 33 256) 54) 3 6 " & ,- 6 3 3 ( ( - 33 256) 55) " % .3 / " -9 3 D- 4 ,-.39 3 - 6 D . ! %F 3 ( - 34/1 1) , ( - 38 2) 56) , % .3 ,# # , B 4 39 3 - & B 4 39 3 -9 . 3 ,-. 3 %- %0 . D7

%0 39 3 ,# , % .3 ( - 34/1 2) 57) & , % .3 1 # -6 # !,-.% .3 . & " ,"' ( - 34/1 3) 58) % . ' " ,-. B 4 " 6 %0 7 ( - 34/1 15) 59) 6 3 " , 6 %0 - ( - 34/1 16) 60) # , 6" . " " ! / & % .3

" ( - 34/1 16) 61) !# 3 9 ,-. & % .3 ( - 34/1 16) 62) ?/ = " 6

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128

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" 39 3 3 9 # ( 9 D 5$ â&#x20AC;&#x201C; %F

1D & " ,"' â&#x20AC;&#x201C; %F

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131

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132

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9 9 # P ( " !,-. 3 # D 39 3 & B % . # P ( 1D & 39 3 NGO 49 ,-. 3 NGO

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& %0 # 39 3 ,-. 3 ?/ = % . ' %F7 ,-., B , ,# -.39 3 %0 , 1D % . ? ( - 68 (1) 56) 141) %F

9 NGO 7 %F7 % . 5 ., - 9 # P 6%3 % . ? B % . ?6 8/ . B ,- NGO

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9 # P "/( ( - 68 (2) 41) 147) ! 9 . # D,- ! 9 39 3 ( - 68 (2) 41) 148) ! 9 # ( 9 B , $ ( - 68 (2) 41) 149) ! - . 3 77 # 9 D 3 # P 3 ,-. % . 4 "/( ( - 68 (2) 41)

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- 6% 6 6 %0 - & ! , ( - 66 3-101) 153) 3 ,-.1D %F7 9

,-. 6" & 6 " D # %C # ( - 66 3-102) 154) " 3 " 77 # ' %F7 6",-." ( # 9

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. ?/ = ' %0 , ?D $ 4.3 # ,* !

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D / 9 , & , -' P ,-. 9 & ' " " 3 ( % 4$ . " 3 8/ - =5." B 4 & ,-.6 , 9 5$ ( - 1 25-29) 4) %F7 ? # $,-. - " 6 ( "

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9 %0 . 5$" ! ! . %0 # ( $ % .3 3 %0 3 & ,-."

& - ( - 16 40) 9) %F7 5$ 6 %0 D %F77 " 39 3 B ! ,# %0 # ( " !,-.%C # # 8/ 6 " D %0 " 39 3 ( - 16 56)

136

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9 ,-.6 ?D $" D- 3 & ' " D-6 ( - 19 95) 14) & # P " & % . 5 & " # ,-.6 %0 D%4 ( - 19 95) 15) -9 1- # " 1- #6 95 6 , 6 B 1- # 5;$ 9% 5$ 1- # 6 1- #,- 6 #- ( - 22 -" 4 16 - 32) 16) , $, ? # $ %0 "/( ,-. %3 . "/( 6 6 9 % . $ - = - # 1 ( - 27 11) 17) . 9 " 6 . 6 / % .3 3 ,-.39 3 / # 6 6 / ( - 27 11) 18) %F

9 ( D = P - - ( ( " D - ( D " , & ,-. 3& 7 = & %F

9 (" , - ( D 3 3 7 ( - 27 29) 19) % . 5 ! - B 3 9 6

& & & ,-. B 1- # 9 6 " - # ( - 27 37) 20) 3 % . & / & # P .%C # , # # & & . B 4 ,-. . 3 ?D $6 - 4$ . 3 / 4$ ( - 28 12)

137

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# 3 - " B 39 3 . %0 B ? " 39 3 ,# 3 %C # ( - B -9 % .3 %S Q . ( - 28 19) 23) % . 5 & & 95 -% . 4 1- # " 3-6 ]-] & % . 5 3

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

138

30) B %F7 $ , 3 3 %F7 % . 5,-. . % . 5 %F7 - 3 %F7 1- # 9 ( - 33 110) 31) B %F7 . 39 3 3 %F7 " D %F7 6" ' %F7 ( - 33 110) 32) %C # " ! - % # " ! -6 - , ( - 33 140) 33) 5$ ,-. " 5$ ( D &

,# ,-. " 5$ . 3 6 6 5$ 5 ( - 33 255) 34) " & 4 5D% ,-." & (

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/ # # D ( P . 9# 6%6 6 D,- = ( - 32 54) 39) , ! - ." # 9" -9 -. 70 " D 3 # 9" ( '6 3 # % . 9" ,# %0 # , 1D # 4 6 = - & ( ( - 32 56) 40) % . 5 9" ,-. D # & 6 " - 6% ( - 32 56) 41) ,# # " # , 9 , -. 60 " ,# 9 % . -. 50 " ( - 32 97)

139

42) 9 % . 6 6 & , 6 " ( # & 6 # 9 , & # " ( # & ,-." ( D 6 ( - 32 97) 43) , $" D # ( ' %N " - - 9 9 .#

? -, Q %0 & ( - 32 109) 44) ?/ = # . 4 ?/ = # # & ( 95 " ,-. ,# # %F7 ,-. - ( - 21 99, 115) 45) 9 6 # " , - 3 '6 D7 49$6%,- 8/ 1- . # , $ ( ,-. , $,1 6 3 ( - 27 29) 46) %F

9 6 . Y#M ,- 8/ 1- . # D ( - 27 69) 47) %- ,%- % " 6 6 %- = %0 - / %0 . 9% $ ( - 34/1 5) 48) %F7 %3 ,-. % . 3 $ Q .# Q . -9 ( - 34/1 6) 49) %F7 & 6 . % . 3 $ ( & / / ' # ,-. " Q . ( - 34/1 8) 50) %- ,%- % .?. 2475 & = ! ?D $1D " & ,-.

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140

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# " -9 9 - ( #9 !6 # 3 - " ,-. ! - . & ( - 37 28) 60) !6 . . . 9 # ( -9 - Q ,-., / 6 6 # $ # P ,# 9 6 Q . . ! (

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6 . , ,1 B #& -" $ #& - .?. 2540 8/

141

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142

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