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l7ritten by JoniceLobb Illustrqtedby PeterUtton ond Ann Sovoge ......., ..-,.,-,-. ,---.,-1,;,,.,,,'.,.1 .. .- ..-....-,,.-.

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Contents About this book KING}'ISHER KingfisherPublicotionsPlc New Pende.elHous€ 283 288 Hish Holboñ London WC1V 7HZ www.kingfisherpub.com First publishedby KingfisherPubl;cotionsPlc 2000 First publishedin poperbock2002 This edition producedexclusivelyfor ScholosticBook Foirs UK 10987654321(PB)

\7hy is gross green?

Creotedond designedby SnopdrosonPublishingLtd Copyriqht O SnapdrogonPublishingLtd 2000 All rights reserved.No p<rrtof this publicorionmoy be reproduced,storedin o retrievolsystem,or tronsmitted photo.opyingor by onr meon.el,.rronic,mechonrcol. orherwise,without the prior perrnissionof the publisher.

\7hv don't trees foll over?

A CIP cotologuerecordfor this book is ovoiloble in the Bri¡ishLibrory.

ISBN 0 7534 0496 6 (PB) Printedin Hong Kong Author IoniceLobb Illustrotórs PeterUaon and Ann Sovoqe For Sropdrqgon Editoriol Dircctor JockieForley An Director Chris Leqee For Kinofisher seriesF.¡itors Comill¡rReid ond Emmo \lild SeriesArt Editor Mike Buckley DTP Co-ordindtor Nicky Studdort Production Csrolinelockson

'Víhot is soil?

Do plonts eot qnd drink?

\fho visits the gorden?

\fhqt ore flowersfor?

\fhqt lives in the pond?

ry XfJ',,llironts # 18

How do seeds grow?

Do plonts die in wlnterl

\,X/hotdo worms do oll doy? \lhy do bees hum?

Gqrden quiz

3

,,fl fl

Glossory

Index

How?

About this book \ orr (ve r wo rtde ledu llr T J o ue I I trees don 't foll over, h ou r oil is mode or why beeshum? Askinq thesequestionsis whot bernq o scientistis oll obout. This book is obout the sciencethot is hoppenrng oround you, every dcy, outside in the gcrrdenorrd in your locol pork.

I(eep your eyesopen ond you'll soon b e m oking yo ur own Jisco vrr ies .

Whot if?

Holl of Fome Archie qnd his f¡iendsqre hereto help you. They ore eochnqmed qfter ct fomous screntlst - oport from Bob the duck, rvho is o younq scientistjust like you!

Arch¡e

Fronk BENTAMINIIRANKLIN ( 1706-1This Ame¡icqn stqtesmqnc¡rr¡iei o fomousexperimenr in 1752.Br flying o kite in q storm he showed:¡ o flosh of lightning wos electricity.H. then inventedthe lightning conductor to protect buildings during storms

ARCHIMEDES 1287-212uc.)

The GreekscientistA¡chimedes workedout why thingsfloot or sink while he wclsin the both.

According to thc story he wqs so pleosedthot he leopt out, shoutincl 'Eureko!', which ineqns'I've got it!'.

Morie

Dot

MARIE CLIRII,](.1867- 1931) Gills did not qo to universityin Polond,whereMorie Curiegrew up, so she wcnt to study in Poris, l - r u n e c .S l rew o rke d o n ro d i o octir ir ¡ o n . i r r t ei ve d tu u N o h e l ¡ri ze s for h e r J i . e o vcri e .,i n 19 0 3 o n d l q l l.

DOROT HYHODCKIN1l ol 0DorothyHodokin wqs o B¡itish scienti\t\\ho m odc m ony i m por t.

flv

discoveries obout molecules ¡rndor,: r h et in y p . r r t ic le¡.h o t m o keu p e \e r \r q¡ound us. Shewos given the Nobel I': r

for Chemistrvin 1964.

e for yourself!

Reod obout the sciencein your gcrden,then try the 'Seefor yourself!' experimentsto . discoverhow it works. In scrence,expenments try ยกo find or show the onswers.

Corefully reod the instructions for eochexperiment,moking sureyou follow the numbered instructionsin the correctorder

Here ore someof the things you will need.Hove everythingreody beforeyou stcrt eochexperiment.

Fishingnef

#i Plosticbottยกe with cop

'?35#

Z

jonswith Smolยก screwloPs

Sofetyfirst! g Somescientiststook risksto moke their discoveries, but our experimentsore scfe.

Just moke surethot you tell on odult whot you ore doing,ond get their help when you see the red worning button.

Ploslic U Redfood colouring ruler

msztngfocts n ot ic et hot s o m ew o r d so r e -'"^ in italics. Y ou c on Ieorn more L ' t he m f r o m the g l os s oryot the < cf th e b o ok. ยก yo u w o n t -

; rd out s om e

ng fo cfs, lo ok : :on t he 'Wo w l 'ponel s .

5

Why is grossgreen?

olrensoooclof

onimols,plontsmske T lnlike L./ theirown food.They do this by obsorbingthe Sun'senerEyond chonging it into food. This processrs colledph otosynthesis.ln order to do this, plontsmust co nt oi n o s u bstq nce collec cblorophyll.Chlorophyllis greenin colour,which is why most plontsore green.

Whyore gardening?

Hñ Becouse they hove 9reen fingersl ,\]

k¡

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The food fqctory

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Plonts use chlorophyll,carbon dioxide end woter to moke o sugory food cciledglucose.As they do this they releoseoxygen into the oir Chlorophyll obsorbs the Sun'sl¡ght.

Corbo¡r: l dioxidei , ¡s token' from the oir.

Woter is token in ot the roofs.

6

Oxygen¡s leleased into the otr.

Plontsunder stonesore pcle cnd strcggly.This is becouse they ore growing in the dork ond hovenot modeony chlorophyll.

Archie ccn't mqke his

food ond musteot plon live. So,indirectly,his t comesfrom the Sun too.

Freshoir

:::,,

T o o m u c hc o r b o nd io xid e in t h e o ir c o n s u f f o c o t e r o n im o ls ,b u t p lo n t s lo v e it :r::i:::i=r'' f h e o x y g e nin t h e o ir is p r o d u c e db y p lo n t s d u r in g p h o t o s y n t h e s ¡ sW . it h o u t p lo n t s w e w o u l d n o t b e o b le f o b r e q f h e o t o ll. T r e e s i n th e wo r ld ' sf o r e s t s , g r o s s o n t h e p lo i n so n d a l g a e in t h e s e o , o ll h e lp f o k e e p I h e o ir fr e sh .

'"1

S.efor yourself!

1

\\'crtchphotosynthesis hoppening for yourself.Collectsomclcoves, lik c pr ivc t ,b o y o r g e r o n i u m.

Nerv, fresh onesrvill work best.

Pour son-re$'oter into ¡: shclllorv bor,vlor plcstic contoiner ond put in the leovesrvith their undersidesfocing upwords. To com Pcr e tnem , lloot on( or t\\o I".-..

rh.

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,'^

I-eovethem in the sunshlne for crlittle whilc. Then look ot them througho m o g n i f v in q glcrss.

You will seelittle bubbles of oxygen.

3J

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: -*-.:'

7

\7hv don't treesfqll over? ike most plonts, trees to grow upwords to

Why is on elephontlike a lree?

os much light os possib To stop them from fol over, plonts hove roo

which spreodout un the ground ond support them qs they grow. As well os supporting o plont, the roots ols suck up wster from the eorth.

Becouse they both hovetrunksl

Everyyeor o new of rvoodis oddedon the outsideof o tree'strunk, underthe bork.

Treesneedthick, woody roots to supporttheirheovyrrunks ,b u t smollerplonts hovethinnerroots.

A tree ccn grow toll becouseits stemis o firm trunk mode of wood. Smollerflow plontsdo not moke wood. They needw in their stemsto stop them from drooping.

Woody

trunk

A small floweringplont By countingihe growthringson o tree-trunkyou con tell howold if is.

8

Stem Hoiry roots

-or yourself! .rcecrdorrdciion, . :.osc,ct stick of - :lcr v trn d s onrc ' i¡s in to o j nr of ,:tcr . Th e n put ..:r tico l pl c nts - rn o th e rj or : r oLltwoter. r ..cn \\¡ithout woter,

&.3

., ooclY stems ::(rt stiff, but : -cil florvers . - 1 1l e o v e s - r ' L r 0 po n d .'rrlel.

) l-

Leave both jclrs ,,,.r!f", u lr'uple ¡,f lilll J.rr s- I,r,rkin,r ' o , r i, . , , t f r , , , r . , ¡l[]e ¡o ¡l 11]c.

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Whot hoppens to the plonts?

Without woter Rose

Dqndelion

r l] e s t e [ ] o r t n ( '.-.: ClqlloeLlon lS

{;) ,',j¡

i,:. \

supportcdbv the

1L.

. ..

lllc\\r tr e ,) f r lte r r otcr

W it h wo t e r .,1Withoutwqter

in-sideit. So, in c jor i" i; i ot wcrter rt stonds j.i ',.:-.*,-up r'vell, but left r With ,,.;:ii.,::.

1. " out of r.voterit ry61¿t ,,,1{f -l', \vlll all¡

'(,P

Qnd

die rvithin cr

fcn ' h o u r s.

":

''--".,i:L' Without waler

I {

-,-Bigtrunks

.1 In A fri c a,l here i s o ! . tree called the boobabI w h ich hos on unus uol , l ru n k. D uri ngthe roi ny se o so n,fhe l l ee s l ores wo te r ins i dethe trunk , i i wh ich swel l s up l i k e o b o rr e l. In dry w eother, ¡t : u se sth is w oi er i o s urv i v e, cn d th e l runk s hri nk s ogo¡n. ':.. ,..,,'- ' ,¡.o, : - . . , t : , r , : - , . . .,..

9

Whot do wormshove for dinner?

Mud pib,s!

\fhqt is soil? know whor soil is - i t ' s r h ยก lzou I dork,crumblystuffth o t y o u seewhen you ore digging in the corden. But do vou know whot s mode ot.' ln toct. lt rs c mrxture o:

lots of things- smoll piecesof ro. minerals,oir ond woter, plus the remoinsof deodplonts ond onim which we coll humus.Al1these Humus differentthingsore found in loyersthcrtmokeup s o i l . lopsor l

Seefor yourself!

1 I

Put o hondfulof soil inro o ior. Top it up wlth woter, o n o p u t tn e | | o o n tightly. Now shoke up the jor ond leave it to stqnd for o few minutes.

The soil will seporoteinto severolloyers,with the heovieststones ot the bottom ond the lighter moteriol, like leovesond ' twiqs, flooting , ot the top.

10

wl s soil mode? ¡r. to form on the :: borerocks. ¡r:,:- ¡he weother

Smo[[plonts,suchcs

Groduollythe soil gets thickerond minibeosts mcke it their home.

Eorthworms help to mix up the rock porticlesond humus.They olsolet in the oir thot plont roots needto grow.

777OSS, StOr¡ tO grOW On

top of the frogmentsof rock. S7henthey die, they ore odded to the newly formed soil.

This humus helpsto hold the soil together.

;"¡¡or the surfqce of

c:r- :loking off smoll S¡'::-Jes.These r;ollect in crccks

:.:;es in the rock.

Rock porticles collect¡n crocks¡n fhe rock.

Smoll plonts Sfort TO9row.

Wormshelp to m¡xthe newso .

&"u rJ}

: : n be l o st

guickly. When

¡

rs'

.o-:

t ok ¿ S o I o n g to form, bul

ñ

I'

'':'h

ele cut d o w n fo o tree s, l h e so ¡ l omesl o o seo n d the con b lo w i t o woy .fl d olso b e wo sh e dow oy t he rd¡n ¡n o l o n ds l i de. s is call e d e ro sion.

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LI

Do plonrseqrond drink? ¡ lthough plontsdon't f}eot ond drink like us, they"do needfood ond woter to survive.As we hove discovered, they moke their food from the sunshineond oir.

They drink by sucking up wcter from the soil through their long, widely spreodroots.

The roots olso toke in minerols,suchos mognesium,which keepthe plont heolthy.

Whotdo plontslíketo drink?

Root 6eerl

l' - 1 '

b":".;' " "i#.:

Keepingheolthy If thereis not enoughmognesium or iron in the soil,plontscon't mcke enoughgreenchlorophyll ond they go yellow o¡ white.

H¿olthyplont Sick¡yplont

Gardenersusefertilizers,suc monure,to feedplcnts if the does not hove enouqh miner

for yourself!

Y

: iil o qlqsswith woter ond odd c :e\\' dropsof red food colouring.

C u t the bottom off o stick of ":elerycnd ploceit in the gloss.

Le<rveit for obout on hour ond then toke o look. You will seethot r h ep in k co lo u rh o scr e prupw ords. ccrried by the woter in the celerystolk.

Cut throughthe celery stolk ond you will seethe tubesthot

You con try this with o white flower, like q ca r n o ¡ io nlf. yo u leorei r i n the colouredwoter long enough, the petolswill turn pink too.

corfy wqter

ond sop. Hove they chongedcolour?

Tropped!

The V e n u sf l y t r o p p l o n t growsi n b o 9 9 ys o i l sw h i ch d o n o t p rov i de i t w i i h ql l the - ¿rols i t n e e d s.The fl y frop hos dev e lo p e d .rnus u owl o y o f oddi ngto ¡fs d¡et - i l wo it s ' flies to lo n d o n i ts l eov es ,then s no p s ernshut o n d d i q e s ts the fl v .

The leoves

snopshut ondtrcp the f ly.

13

\fhqt qre flowersfor? look prettyin the f,lo*ets I qorden,but theyclso hoveo Whyis a flower usefuljob to do. Theycontoin like Ihe letter A? the ports of the plont which mctkeseeds.Theseseedswill grow Becouse o B comes into newplonts.Most flowering qften itl plontsneedhelp with moking their seeds.Someuseinsects to corry their pollen from one flower to onother.

The bright colours ond scentsof flowers encouยกogebeesond other insectsto visit them. Other olonts. like grosses, usethe wind to corry pollen.

/l'':;r:

How o seedis mode As it senrchesfor nectdr, the beerubs ogoinst the stamens, the mcle ports of the flower, ond picksup fine yellow pollengroins.

The groinsof pollenstickto corpelsond then grow do join with tiny egg cellsinsi Thesewill soon becomes Egg cell

Flying on to the next flower, the bee rubs aglinsf rhe carpels, the femqle ports of the plont, leoving the pollen behind.

Carpel

e for yourself! $

lJi:,i+J: ñffi l*;l;:,"Sf**, Inside the flower cre the stqmens sticking up from its centre.Try shoking them onto dork poper to seeif they leovec yellow dust.

Now look ot o flower.The bright petals,which moy be white or coloured, ottroct lnsects to the flower.

Petol

Find a flower which is losingits petclsond cut it in holf. (Ask on odult to helpyou with this.)Con you seeoll the different ports the plont usesto moke o seed?

Stomen

Stomen

Seed formi

Fruity pockages The f r u¡t i s t h e p o r t o f th e p l ont w hi c h

f c orr ie so n d p r o t e c t s

fh e se eds .Frui ts co n be j ui c y , l¡ke to rn oto¿sdnd p r e rs. o r d r y, l i ke poppy c s u les.Eo ch p ¡p thqt ¡s c k e d ins i d eo to m o i o : t iny see d .

S eed

t5

\Ă­here do plontscomefrom? verycountryhosits own Plonrs Havewe been E L w h i c h g r ow th eren oturolly. introduced? plonts.

You \le coll thesenatiue Whotdid one moy find someof them in the plontsoyto the countrysideor in o wildflower otherplonf? gorden.If they grow wherewe don't wont them, we coll them weeds.Most gordenscontoinintroducedplants, which peoplehovecollectedfrom somewhereelse.'!lhen explorers went to new countries,they brought plonts bcck with them. '$lhenpeoplesettledin new ploces,they often took plonts with them. So gordenscontoin o mixture of plonts from mony countries.

How plontsspreod When o plont is growing well in one ploce,it flowers cnd mqkesseeds.These help the plont sprendto new ploces._..

seeds eoten qnrmol!

Someseedsore

corriedowoy from the porentplont by the wind or roin.

birds,ond through their bodies.

e for yourself!

Pick c dondelion'clock' ond blow the seeds.Seehow for they go beforethey reoch the ground. The " litde fluffy porochuteot the top of eochseedhelpsit to floot in oir.

Look out for tiny seedsond other seedswith porochutesor wings.

Are they shotthroughthe oir, or do they 'fly' or spin?

Seeds with wings

$Y,"

fu-'r.-s Look for seedsthqt hook on to cnimol fur, or your clothes.

Con you find lorgerseedsthqt roll owcy from the plonts?

Look out for seedsin mud on your shoesor on the wheelsof your bicycle.

Seedsohoy! o nu tp olm sgr owo l o n gs o n d yb e o c h e s - r opicol i slo n d s.T he c oc onutsore fheยก r d s. ff o co co n u tf ol l s i nto the s eo. con f loot m o n yki l ometresto onother nd, where il moy gerninate ond grow.

t7

1 i. . .

-.,1 '" 1,..i¡ifriiiiit -'

"'ffi1:--

r'

tñE¡¿ i q

\::::-/. \..

/

ct

upsideáown.ihi shoor

18

-.u$$/""'f

Plontsg ... ü

TO

the

rheffióffitfffts"üuickly,

'Wheii

feedingon the food

the light, it s its own food om tne )

e for yourself!

Line the boseof o dish with o pope¡ towel. Ifet it with worm woter cnd sprinkle some cressseedson it.

Put the box in o worm, light ploce ond keepthe seeds moist with woter.

Find o box big enoughto hold the dish.Cut c window in the lower holf of one end.Put the dishinsidecnd closethe lid.

Do the cressplontsgrow strcight upwords or do they grow towords the sunlight, co m in gin to r h esid eo f rhebox?

Qunning Plonts o

S otnepl onts produc e

bab yp l o n t si n s t e o do f se e d s.

S f raw b e r r yp l o n t sa n ds p ¡ d e r plonts put oul runners.-fhese o r ¿ lo n g s tems w hi c h s tretc h o l o n gthe ground.A t the e n d o f e o ch s tem i s o mi ni otur e p lo n l c ompl etewi th l eov es o n d roots . Thi s w i l l grow in

.'$:' 6t t i

>,r¡'l

t{ :'

s o i l i f y o u p l o n t i t ¡ n o p o i.

t9

Whot hos eyesbut cannotsee?

Do plontsdie in winte

\rff::iiJ#'*ffi'ilJ to give them energy.They con't get enouqhwoter from frozensoil. Wi botter them ond they moy breok

A pofotol

the weight of snow.So deciduous plonts storefood in the summer,t shedtheir leqvesin the outumn.S plontsmoy die bock to ground lev The ports of the plcnt thot ore left bore or undergroundrestthrough winter. Plontsthot die ofter they fl Ieqveseedsto grow into new plon

Storingfood

Mony plonts,suchos corrots, store food in their roots, reody to grow ogoin in the spri

The storedfood in seeds is usedwhen they stcrt to grow, or germincte.

The bosesof leovesond stems colled bulbs store food under the ground.Plontsusebulbs to grow ogoin in the spring.

20

e for yourself!

Pick twigs in winter or ecrly spring.You con seethe buds which will grow into new leoves " ond flowers. Some,like horse chestnuts,hove sticky buds.

Look in your vegetoblerock.

Eoch 'eye' on o pototo, eoch cloveof o gorlic,is o bud wciting to grow into o new plcnt.

Put them in woter ond worch thcm open ond qrow. You will find the treewos not os deodas it looked.

Try leovingvegetcbles in o dqrk cupboord for o couple of weeks.

They will stort to sprout ond shootswill beginto grow.

Desertflowers

.

^o9$

"

^.s-'C

eE

O

sqt

.ĂŠ

:E:A

fh e r e o r e pl onts thot mok es e e d s s o th o t th e y c on l i v e through v er y h o t , d r y w e o ÂĄh e r .Thes e s eeds c on Ii e f o r y e o r s i n d e se r l s oi l . Then, w hen roi n c o m e s , th e y g e rm i nal e and fl ow er, \rin g in g co lo u r to the des ert l onds c a o e .

21

it,

'*

a,', 'tt;,

¡tl¡

-

tX/hqtdo worms do oll doy? l t t ( l \ l l . l l o o l . 1 ¡ i...lr ¡ r r r f ,.,'tl r t t , ) t 'lt t \ I-Jerr (r lU| r \ . I r u t i r l l t r , . l t l t l . t . l l,. r cIr lt..r r r .l

u ' o rhinrl.Wor nrsiccd bv su 'ol loninc ls oil os thcv burron,.At ric;hr.thcv conrcto fhe srrrfocecmd ¡',ullclccrcl rlou r.rundcr ¡rlcrnts t h c c ¡roLrrcl. ,' \ll th is octjvit\ is r er r qooc l f o l t hc soil ouil ior th e ¡rlon tsl ir inc lin it .

Ir hclpsto ilct ricl oi clecrcl plontsoncl r ,' I ' l- i tl.l tril lo l l l r' r-o¡)t\ rrt

tht li r inc; oncs.

Tickleits

Woodlouse

tummyondsee w h i c he n d loughsl

Howconyoutell wnereo wonm's heodis?

Leof 6eing pulleddown

{

1 {

I

i....-Wormburrow An eorthwormwriggles olongby chonging the shopesof ifs body segments.

Br¡stles-_--_

Segmenf

The wormslretchesout ports of iis body

qnd fhen pullsolongfhe rest.

eetor yourself! f

1?

To mokeo If " : :il wormery, find c ¿ '].' lorgejor (likeo picklejor). Ploce o plostic bottle insideit with o lid on it. (Leavethe botde out if the jor is quitesmoll.)

3

Collect three or four eorthwormsond put them in the top. Stretcho loyer of nettinq ocrossthe mouth of the jor cnd securewith on elosticbond.

Fill the jor (but not the bottle)with loyers of sond,soil ond compost,then finish off with somedeod leoves.Cover the sidesof the jor with dork poper.

Put the jcr in o cool cupboord, moking sure thot the soil is kept domp, but not soggy.

After o few doys, checkto seewhqt hos hoppenedto Voushouldfind the soil. thot the wormshove mixedthe loyersof sondondsoil.

Giantworms!

Oneof the world'slorgest eorfhwormslivesneorcreeksin fh e B os sRiv e rV c l l e yi,n t h ¿ s o u t h e r n Au s t rolion s t o t e o f V i c t o r i oT. h e 6 io n t Gi pps lond eo r t h w o r m c o ng r o u l/o ove r3 .5 me t reslong,o n dm o k e so 9 u r 9 l i n g s o u n do s ii sl i d est hroug h¡ t s b u r r o w s . 6 i o neta r th wo r m s ore ro re , so l here are l ow sto pnot e c tt h e m .

23

Why doeso bee hum?

\7hv do beeshum? it hosforgotten the words!

H:.J::ffi:

noisewith their fly. Although insectwings look delicote,they ore quite stiff. $lhen the wings flop downwords,the oir underthem is pushedout of the wov in little puffs.This lifts the insect up into the oir. 'Whenthe wings flop up' the oir obovethem is movedowoy. The woy the wing move mokes the st uibrate. '!7hentheselittle puffs of oir reoc our eors,we heor them os sound.

Seefor yourself!

You con mqke the oir vibrote. Toke o pieceof thin plostic,like o ruler or c phone cord, ond wove it to ond fro quickly neor your fqce. Cqn

you feel the oir moving in little puffs?

Then put the ruler on the toble so thot rlbout three-quortersof it sticksout beyondthe toble edge Hold down one edgefirmly with one hcnd. Bendthe otherend ond I it go quickly. Con you heor q sou

24

Sizesqnd sounds Iosquiroes hovelittle wingsthot make oir vibrote very fost. This oction mokes veryhigh, whining sound. f\

\ y'vlosgu¡to

,''\osguito

You cqn't heor the sound modeby o butterfly'swinqs, becouse they flop too slowly.

e bumble-bee's lcrger wings moke the r vibrotemore slowly.This mokeso low buzzinqsound.

Musicollegs

f,

No t o ll in se ctsm o keso u n d swith th e ¡ r win g s.Gr o ssh o p p eor sn d cr ¡ ckei s ch ir r u p .T o d o th is, th e y vib r o tet h¿ q¡ b y r u b b in gth e ¡ r b o ckle g so g o in st ü ,t

Now ploce the ruler on the tqble s o r hot on l y h q l f o f i r s r i c k \o ur ond repect.Then o quorter.

Listen to the different soundsmode by the ruler moving through the air. Like o bee'swings, the ruler mokesthe oir vibrote.

#->

the edges of their hord, win9 coses.

¡osfl$f,, :C-

et 25

\Ă­ho visitsthe gord rr t he d o i l vl i fe o f evervo nimolis a'

I

soent in o constont seqrch for

foodrIf thereis not enough food wherethey live, the onimals must trovel to find it, ond your gordenmoy be the plocethot they visit. Sit quietlyin the corner of the gordenond wotch the visitorsos they comeond go. They moy fly in, they moy comeup from the ground or they moy run ln from under o fenceor hedge.Some will be more welcomethon others!

Whywosn'tfhe butterflyinvited to the donce?

BecousÂż it woso mothbolll

Keepo look out Butterfliesond beesore ottrocted to the scentond colourof flowers.

They eot the flowers' nector.

A p hid

Buddleio

'$loodpeckers seorchfor onts ond otherinsectson the lown.

Other birds,like pigeons,look for seedsond snoils. b ir d

Lodybirdsore good insects to hoveoround.They eot the ophids thot feed on mcny gordenplontscnd dcmogethem.

26

Pigeon

Woodpeck

Seefor yourself!

In winter,when food is scorce, you con help your locol wildlife by putting out food for them. A ronge of food will ottroct o voriety of creotures.

Avoid giving birdsbreqd os this is not very good for them.

Mokesure thot you o¡soleove ouf woTer.

Chopped f ruit

Driedfruit

Chopped suet

Birflsmoynof bethe only visitorsto your toble- squirrels lovenutstoo.

Tifs ond Sporrows enjoy o c0conuT.

Moke o note of whot onimolsyou see ond how often they return to the gorden,

*p ,#é3

€

-'"Night-timevisitors i i \onyof y our g o r d e n ' sg u e s t sc o m e cn d 9o whiley o u o n eo s l e e pF . o x es o ndhedgeho gosr e c o m m o n i g h t -t¡ m e É f,visito r s o n d . i f y ou l i v e i n i he - f - cou n tr y. yo u moy get deer, I

'llTli;Jl,l lÍ1"ÍJ,"""T;il6ait' &*

,':":$pe ilü;f ii"1Í"if o *,

go¡,v ^rn¿r]n.Yot'¡ :uo

'&6 ' a ooo"-. " u'an iv 1 ,,'

f.G€ "RmZ tG

o

*"*Ef?zrEd:-¡#w s gY .;xu \GMFt+l,:ii#

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27

\fhqt livesin the pond? for oll kinds of different A porrdis rhehabitatf< fLplonts ond onimols. . This meonsthot the pond qivesthem food, woter or - cll the rhings ond sh elter me plonts live ot the bottom they needto survive.Som rt o n the surfoceor liveor of the pond. Othersfloot roke oxygenwhich keepsthe the bonks.The plontsmc rols thot live there.Smoll woter freshfor the onimc :roilsfeedon the plonts,ond onimolssuchos pond sn< ,n in them.The frogspown frogs loy their froEspaun hich turn into froqs. hotchesinto todpoleswh

lflf

.

"

, u-i$ffi+i#s.l$F," -$ii'Ă­;;i:d Til':r;ri

l'fr .;,

;r-t',

In wster beds!

Wheredo fish sleep?

Seefor yourself!,S Mosguito Put someof the pond lorvo \. woter in o deep white bowl. Using o mognifying uloter gloss,look Alooe fleo closelyot whot v v. :{rR\ -_.tr',/ t\#( is flooting ond s,\!r ER ^単端( swimming oround in the woter.

%-

out some pondweed usrngo ne臓.

Be very coreful not to foll in!

.trww Drogonfly

Now odd the pondweedto your bowl. $lhot minibeosts ore hiding in it? spot. Whereore they?How do they move obout?

Weed

whi beetle

Woter boofmon

Wofkingon woter!

S ome ins e cts,su ch os pond-s k oters , or e obl多 fo g l i d e q u i c k l y o v er the su r fo ce o f s ti l l

w o ter.Th eir longle g s o r e sto ppedf nom b r eaki ngth rough becouseof surface tension. This rnakes t h e w oter behov e l ike on elos t ics k in.

?9

Gqrden quiz Ilhot is the greencolour in leovescolled? o) Iron b) Chlorophyll c) Corbondioxide How con you find out how old o treeis? o) By counting its roots b) By counting its bronches c) By countingthe ringsin its trunk

How doeso dondelionsprecd its seeds? o) It usesthe sun b) It usesthe sec c) It usesthe wind 'Whqt

doeso seeddo when

i t nermi nยกtec

'Sfherecon you find o loyer of humus? o) In the soil b) In the cir c) In lecves 'Whqt

doeso plcnt colled o Venusfly trop eot? o) Nector b) Insects c) Frogs

'Vfhct

do beescorry from one flower to onother? o) Corpels b) Pollen

30

)

o) It diesbock b) It beginsto grow c) It spreodsits seeds How doesc bulb help o plont live through the winter? o) By spreodingseeds b) By losing leoves c) By storing food 'Whot

doeson eorthworm use to pull lecvesdown into the soil? o) Its mouth b) Its toil c) Its segments

Which of theseinsectswqlks on woter? o) The pond-skoter b) The bee c) The butterfly Answerson poge32

Glossorv 'l Algoe Plonts which grow in worer o¡ o[ morst ground, with no stems,leoves or flowers.

Corbon dioxide A qos presentin the oir ond uscdby grcenpionts to photosynthesize.

Corpels Femoleports of o flower, :ontcining egg-cell.

Chlorophyll Greenpigment in plonts :hot obsorbsthe energv lrom the Sun. Deciduous Irees o¡ shrubs thot lose :hei¡ leovesin the outumn.

G€rminote Beginto grow, sprout o new plont from o seed.

Glucose Sugory food thot grccn plonts moke during photosynthesis.

Hobitor The notu¡ol home of o plont or onlmol.

Humus A substoncemode from decoyedplonts, leovcsond onimol mqtter.

Introduced plonts Brouqhtinto o region f¡om o¡other oreo by humons.

Oxygen A gos in rhe c¡i¡ essentiqlfo¡ onimols to breothe, mode rvhen qrcen plonts photosvnthesize.

Porticle Very little ports or smoll piccesof something.

Petols Outer ports of o flower, r¡sedmoinlv to ottroct feeding insects.

Photosynthesis Processby which qreen plonts moke food using energy from the Sun.

Sepols Outer, greenports of the llower bud, which protect pctols os they develop.

Shoor A new plont growth qrowing out from o seedoboveground; o stem with leoves ond buds.

Stomens Mole ports of o plont, which producepollen.

imbryo Sobyplont inside o seed, brming ports rvhich need o grow.

Mine¡ols Chemicoiswhich ore found noturolly in rocks ond soil which do not come f¡om living things.

Pollen Tiny groins mode in flowcrs, which contoin mole sexcells.When thcy fertilize femole egg-cells,seeds ore produced.

lnergy Jives something the rbility to do work. Light rnd he<¡tore fo¡ms rf eneroy.

Su¡focetension A force in the surfoce wote¡ which mokes it behovelike on elosticskin.

Moss A vorietyof smoll llolr,erlessplont, grorvinq os o thick nrosson rocks or trcc trunks.

Root Underground port of florverinq plont or fern.

Vibrote To move bock ond forth quickly.

irosion Veoring orvoy of rock md soil b1'the weother.

Notive Originotinqin o porticulor ploce o¡ oreo.

Weed A wild plont growing omong cultivotcd plcrnts or elservhe¡eunwonted.

rrogspown

Runners Stemsgrowing out flot olong the ground, producing boby plontlets ot the üps.

Nector Sugory fluid, ot rhe bosc of mony petols, thot ottrocts insectsond bi¡ds.

t mossof frog's eggs ,rotectedby jelly ond ¡id in woter.

Seeds The port of o plont from which o ne\a,plont grows.

Wing coscs Hcrrdencdfront rvinqs. not uscdfor flvinq. but to p¡otecthind \rinqs.

31

Index E

M

S

eorthworms11,22-23 embry o18,31

minerols10,12,31

seeds14-15,16-17,

25,29 mosquitoes

7 8 - 1 9,2 0 - 2 1 ,,3 1

energy6, 31

m o s s1 1 , 3 1

s e p o ls1 4 - 1 5 ,3 1 s h o o t s6 , 1 8 ,2 1 ,3 1

N

erosion11,31 olgoe 7,29, 31

F

notiveplonts 16, 31

so\l 70-11,12,22-23 spiderplonts 19

onimals 16,27,28-29

fe¡tilizers12 floweringplonts8,9,

nector 74,26, 31

stomen1 s 4 - 1 5 ,3 1

14,15,16-17 , 2 6

o

stems6, 8-9,13 strowberryplonts 19

B

flowets14-75,16-17,26

oxygen6-7,28,31,

boobobtrec 9 bees14,24-25,26

footprints 27

ophids 26

frogspown28,31

T

G

p e t o ls1 4 - 1 5 , 3 1

todpoles28

germinotion17,18,20,

photosynthesis 6-7,12,

trees8-9

31, p o lle n1 4 - 1 5 , 3 1

v

31

butterfly25-26

grosshoppers 25

C

P pqrticles10-11,31

bi¡ds 26-27 birdtqble27 bulbs20

sunlight6, 12, 18 surfoce tension29, 31

growthrings 8

ponds28-29 pond-skoter29

c orpel sl 4 - 1 . 5 , . 3 1

H

p o n d we e2d8 , 2 9

w

corrors f0

hobitqt28,31

pototoes21

woter bootmon 29

c h loro p h ! l l 6 , 3 l

humus10-11 , 3 1

c orbond i o x i d e 6 - 7 ,3 1

weeds31

I

¡ ock 10- 11

wings 24-25

introducedplqnts 16, 31

roots 6, 8, 18,20,31

winte¡ 20-21

D

runners 19, 31

plonts 30,31 deciduous

L

desertflorr c'r¡ ll

lodybirds 26

droppingsl-

leoves6-7, 13, 20

32

wqter fleo 29

R

coconr¡(slcrickets l-i

Venusflytrop 13

Answersto the Gordenquiz on poge 30 1 Chlorophyll. 2 By counting the rings in its trunk.

3In the soil. 4Insects. 5 Pollen. ó It usesthe wind.

7It beginsto grow. 8 By storing food. 9lts mouth.

10 The pond-skoter.

sffiF!

Horn¡ do plarrts grornz? '$lhy

is grossgreen?

Do plontseot? \lhot do worms do oll doy?

Join Archie ond the gong to find out the onswerto thesequestions... ond mony more! Discoverthe scientificexplonotions,leorn someomozing foctsond, on top of oll thot, there'so hiloriousjoke on everypoge!

A fun fi¡st sciencebook for children oged5 yeorsond upwords 12 step-by-stepexperimentsto do ot home - no speciolequipmentrequired!

Includeso quiz, glossoryond index Also ovoiloble Sqlish! Sphsh! Wb! tla tue údsba . Di4 ¿ñd Sotu! Hoú .la plañk !1tuu?

Mrhch! Cruch! vhat's fol l,nch? . Banll! Th"np! Hotu ¡1o tue ¡"np?

Fe¿thú dnd Fr/! What n¿ks .¿ts puftl . Listd afld S¿e! Wb¿ts afl Tya Cau"tinE Sheep! Wh, ¿o ue sl.ep? . Cobw di¿ Nan?! Let's pldy tu'th tors

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