2.
3.
4.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Price ugly FnV at higher prices
Supermarkets free of waiver of liability
Govt. buy back schemes / produce returned to farm
Tools to ensure produce meets market standards
Network and socialize with people in similar fields ; collaborate on new ventures
Website / blog Form an online community - share events, contacts, talks etc
Design a business model keeping food waste instead of money at the core
Social enterprises ; CSR backing for pilot programmes
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Adopt supermarket Inventory model in informal markets
Link with the current Public Distribution System
Conspiracy theories around food and waste
Taxes on FnV like taxes on coconuts and chillies
Clubs and associations for vulnerable groups pushcart sellers association
Open source platform for Madiwala market
Design policy and guidelines for government to follow
Study the stock market ; apply principles and process to Madiwala market
Identify tipping points in supply chain : Maximum change Minimum effort
10.
11.
12.
13.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Market Access Pass ; Children sell raffle tickets to buy Fnv
‘Baby corn’ type of appealing packaging for all FnV
Introduce today’s special prices scheme at the market
Free consultation services on business, sales, nutrition and diet
Whatsapp group for minimum salvage price
Partnering with data companies
Free sampling. ‘What is natural is imperfect’
Buy 1 give 1 - IKEA, OneWorld Futbol
14.
15.
16.
17.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Community policing but individual responsibility schemes
Kitchen tools to cut imperfect produce with ease
Work with children to sensitize them ; protection from conditioning
Educate farmers on business front ; digital India
Work with BBMP Health Officer
‘Dumpster King’ or ‘Captain Madiwala’
Madiwala Dream Team - Each group has a representative
Legal and safety aspects around cooked and uncooked food
18.
19.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Educate customers about grade C produce and beautification waste
‘Madiwala rap’ Local music campaign to create awareness
Police support : parking space should be given
Super hero food rescue club Colleges, Robin hood Army
New designations : Food Cop
Protect donors by establishing a ‘Good Samaritan’ Law
1.
22.
23.
20. Educate sellers and vendors ; pilot programmes with them
24.
21. Feedback systems across the supply chain - end to end
25.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Integration with Mid - day schemes that are currently devoid of FnV
Get people to accept that we have a food waste ‘issue’
Design to break mob mentalities at the market
Design conversations and dialogue between consumer and seller
alternate sources of revenue to reduce production ; cottage industry skills
Train farming community on best practices and skills with technology
Introduce local ‘best - before’ labeling system in the market
A ‘just - dial’ for connecting with hotels. NGOs. old age homes
26.
27.
28.
29.
A dabba service connection with the Madiwala market
Aksharapatra or BFB can adopt the market
Connect the farmer directly with the consumer/end buyer
30.
31.
32.
Tricks and hacks to keep FnV fresh for longer can be taught and practiced
Tie up and distribution to places with cooking facilities
Financial literacy across supply chain ; educate and protect
Food standards data should be hidden ; referred to check degree of edibility
33. Simplified logistics and ‘network of markets’
57.
58.
59.
60.
Rural schools be given an allowance to buy FnV
Movements and festivals celebrating ‘imperfect’ produce at the market
Redesign ‘ward’ system and sub - systems to reduce food waste
Connect with famous people like ‘Auto Raja’. Pool in individual efforts
61.
62.
63.
64.
Build on govt. initiatives Swacch Bharat, Digital India
Alternate uses : Dehydrated fruits, pickles and curries
FnV to make bio gas to power the market, in - house composting for manure, given back to farmers
New work out routine - Clean up and distribution runs in the city
65.
66.
67.
68.
97.
98.
Paan leaves, water and salt to heal wounds. Encourage indigenous traditional practices.
Industry hacks Potato and ginger for colour & consistency in ginger garlic paste
Surplus to make natural body products
Natural coatings of Chitosan, gum arabica, cinnamon etc to reduce rate of spoilage
Govt part time jobs in craft sector to reduce dependency and excess supply of FnV sales
69.
70.
Live bhel puri , pani puri and paratha stalls at the market
Additionally cleaned, chopped and peeled FnV as higher incentive
71.
99.
100.
‘Planned shopping’ charts and routines. Create a Timetable
Colour coding and gamification at the market
Co - operative to industry ; industrialize and formalize best practice
72.
73.
101.
102.
103.
104.
1 day markets Tuesday market concept
Eat local campaign Koramangala and HSR layout
In the market : Community cookouts, food stalls, Madiwala garden
Adopt the HOPCOMS system
For the urban poor ; sell FnV but don’t consume any
Subscription model delivery services and loyalty cards
Sponsorships, crowd funding, bulk pickups
105.
106.
107.
108.
Design to stay relevant and create positive identity for the market
Reduce importance on packaging; focus on the produce
Remove the system of ‘perished’ for auditing in supermarkets
110.
111.
112.
74.
75.
76.
77.
‘Happy Hours’ concept - discounted food. Transform into ‘Eat street’ with live stalls after hours
‘Broke window Theory’ as an indirect solution to food waste
‘Kitty’ system of community shopping and co - living
Sell surplus through govt. Ration shops ; extension on unofficial days
78.
79.
80.
81.
Drive - through facilities for shoppers at the Madiwala market
Redesign the layout - loading and unloading bays. Tunneling systems for back end and front end.
‘Madiwala Sundays’ festival
Natural systems and bio - mimicry. Eg. Honeybees to balance the ecosystem.
Madiwala branding to promote ‘Enterprising’ behaviours
Purchase to order; seller fulfills - Uber rating system. Tie up with Uber Eats
E - commerce model of hyper local sourcing and micro delivery model
Celebrate Jugaad
82.
83.
84.
85.
113.
114.
115.
116.
Tasting sessions and cookouts with famous chefs Support ugly fruits
‘Testers’ as free samples with regular purchases
Sellers take it back to their community and distribute the surplus
The colleges and schools around Madiwala do community service
Prediction algorithms to reduce uncertainties
TERRAA complete data tool; warehouse optimization
Connect farmer to consumer through digital platforms
farmers / sellers added as resellers to market platforms
Vendor License and private dustbin waste management
109.
86.
87.
88.
89.
117.
118.
119.
120.
Redefine banks. Create food banks and give it the same importance as given to ‘money’
Create new employment opportunities at Madiwala market
Redistribution ; by vans and push carts along the route
Redesign supermarket layouts and structure to reduce food waste
Database of hacks and recipes for over ripe fruits and vegetables
ETH - Live display of food going to waste / hour at the market
Dunzo funding, new jobs during down time.
Maadiwala.in
90.
91.
92.
93.
121.
122.
123.
124.
Food donation drives
System of collection and disposal specific for Madiwala
Design to reduce the further victimization of the seller
Design of social and cultural aspects to reduce waste.
Block chain technology ; collect data from Madiwala to reduce food waste
Restrict traffic and entry of trucks push carts during certain hours
Hand held sprinklers - Cooling kits and systems
Demarcations and navigation on the road
94.
95.
96.
97.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pre - packaged diets and subscription models
Time slots for shopping and categorizing of degrees of freshness
Create and practice segregation routines at Madiwala
Design for changing consumption patterns in urban cities.
Make it iconic, relevant and nostalgic. Eg, Freedom Park
Planting trees and flowers on the median beautification
‘Aangan’ concept. What is beyond your shop is also yours
Covering the market ; roofing to reduce wastage during summer and rains
DRIVE - THRU
129.
130.
131.
132.
Transform Madiwala market to give the ‘Total Mall’ experience
Change the Madiwala market experience from ‘suffocating’ to ‘breath - taking’.
Proper shop / stall licenses to reduce hawkers
Change behaviour and perception by ‘appreciation’ only interactions
133.
134.
‘Food Hall’ feeling experience ; engaging all the senses at farmers market
Developing nearby parks and setting up centers for surplus management
Design systems best suited for the new govt. proposed market
137.
138.
139.
140.
Cover street concept. Cleaning system to be done before and after hours.
Signage in the market. Make use of existing trees and Infrastructure
Dedicated streets, spots for several typologies of sales
Surplus shop Donations shop at the market
141.
142.
143.
144.
Mobile vans, pop - up shops, locker facilities
‘Pay As you feel’ Separate boxes with signboards for segregated FnV
Additional gola sellers, juice sellers, fast food stalls
Animals station at the market
145.
146.
147.
148.
Personalized bins for each shop
Govt. can install large commercial food handling machines
Mobile. Moving markets concept
Installing community fridges, drop boxes for deposit of FnV
149.
150.
151.
152.
Redesign of push carts and shop to reduce waste
Equipment to protect from heat and rains
Community cold storage for imported, vulnerable fruits overnight storage
Each slum / market has a local kitchen / restaurant
153.
Village weekly Santhe ; sharing tea etc
135.
136. Total clean up of market ; no one has seen, no one can imagine and hence it hasn’t been done.
1.
Madiwala market
Physical objects, transport, technology, data and recording, communication
Fixed licensed /unlicensed shops
Stays at market
Sub categories: Transportation mediums, storage and distribution units, weighing scale, packaging materials, accounting tools, communication channels, loading and unloading tools and equipment
1.
Specifics : Packaging : Crates, wooden boxes, varieties of plastics, jute, cardboard, paper, organic packaging, baskets
Mobile shops
Transport : On Foot, pushcart, minivan, mini-truck, auto rickshaw, motorbikes, bicycles, cars Physical objects : Weighing scales, knives, scissors, peelers, nutcrackers, sieves, boxes, books, writing tools, calculators, money boxes, water bottles, lights, thread, tarps, baskets, boots, gloves, mask, dupattas, flasks, glasses, sickle etc Household
Intent : Resale commercial
Leaves market
Madiwala footpath
Existing System
Landfill (Composting unit)
Consumption non-commercial
Informal Morning distribution sale ( temporary )
No fixed timings Downtime : Afternoon Small quantity > Bulk purchase
5AM - 10AM Rush hour Small quantity < Bulk purchase
Proper shop with a roof, fixed space
Both sides of road Distribution sale, transport, setting up and organization, storage, packaging, loadingand unloading, marketing, and business practices, segregation and cleaning, billing and accounting
2.
Setting up and organization, storage, packaging, unloading, marketing and business practices, segregation and cleaning, billing and accounting transactions, communication and networking, customer interactions*
Fixed / moving External retailers
Stays at market
*Details in Research Deck in the Appendix
Maximum waste after Morning sale. Cleared by BBMP 4 times a day
Open dumping space
Temples, marriages etc
Landfill
800 metre stretch
Stages and Activities
Same*
Move, no fixed spot
Nature of market - Informal - unlicensed Time and routines Physical space and infrastructure Type of Interaction - ( Chaotic / moderate /calm ) Scale and business - Quantity and variety of perishables Typology of sale - Wholesale and retail Effects on the market due to geographic location and immediate physical environment. Weather and its effects
Household Both sides of road + outer side of footpath
2.
3.
All day market
Consumption Same**
Leaves market
Transport, storage, loading, billing - accounting, packaging, communication**
Collection, segregation, loading, transport, communication
Processing and sale
3.
5.
Farmer / Agent -
Madiwala seller ( buyer ) External retailers ( buyers ) BBMP cleaners Cattle owners Other farmers / agents Middlemen
Buyers Other Madiwala sellers BBMP, informal cleaners Government Police Shopkeeper - External retailers
Buyers Other Madiwala Seller - sellers External retailers Stays at market
Madiwala sellers External retailers BBMP Government Police
Madiwala sellers External parties Government Police Other buyers
4. Other cleaners Madiwala sellers Morning sellers Government Police People from neighbouring areas, passerby
4. Stakeholders
Consumer Transporter -
Leaves market
BBMP / Other cleaners -
BBMP - Compost handlers
Transporter -
Madiwala sellers External parties Government Police Other buyers
Money - Produce Money - Produce Cleaning convenience - Job Farmer / Agent - Cleaning convenience - Fodder resource Business competition - Resource pooling Expertise - logistics
Shopkeeper -
Existing System
5.
Business - consumption Business - leisure Cleaning convenience - job Parking - job Revenue - competition Seller - Business - consumption Business - leisure Revenue - competition
5. Interactions, touchpoints, service exchanges
Stays at market Consumer Consumption - Business Preferences - Business Free food & complaints Complaints - job Business - business Business - business Parking - job Business - competition
- Transporter
Leaves market
Transporter Business - Non-commercial purpose Business - job Free food - job Parking/traďŹ&#x192;c - job
5.
Business - leisure Convenience - job, complaints, free food Salary - public interest Waste disposal - job, complaints
BBMP / Other cleaners -
Job - job
Activity Time-line
13 Sub - categories
oryboard to designing the solution set
Tech Form / value Data Connect Awareness and Education Space and Infrastructure Marketing, branding End user specific Government Inspiration Product specific Service-specific Legal lenses Psychology
Space and infrastructure
Data and connect
Marketing and Distribution
Detailed concept, business pitch - value proposition ; feedback and settlement
8 Service factors Surplus shop
4.
Cold storage and locker facility
Payment and Membership system
Segregate, categorize and label
6.
Surplus shop
8 Service factors
3.
5.
Planning and implementation of Proof of concept
Co-design, onboarding and pilot planning with Babu's shop
2.
1.
Prototyping and testing
17 Insight statements and HMW questions 4 co - design workshops 6 typologies of contributors 13 sub themes 3 broad categories
3 broad categories
Tech
159 ideas 3 broad themes
Refined concept, onboarding and management with RHA - Babu and other sellers - Slum
Studying the existing system and secondary research
BBMP
Membership and Loyalty cards Timings Quantity Pricing Quality Variety
8.
7.
Madiwala shops
Sellers
Surplus shop
Quality and Quantity check
Self - sustainable system
Minimum salvage price
Deposit and collection system
Restaurant
Locker/ storage - rent facility Parking, Loading bays Canteen
According to the information gathered from the 3 parties ; a pilot was designed that was closest to the ideal situation yet feasible for prototyping ;
Display, organization hacks
Enquiry Value proposition Plan of Action
NGOs Food banks Hostels Slums Other sellers
Babu's shop
Food Bank
Quantity
3
Transition from Ideation to Prototyping
Value proposition, onboarding
Requirements To-dos
Robin Hood Army
Slum dwellers
5 Criteria for Surplus shop concept : Building on existing systems Internal local base Personality and mindset Space and resources Compliments current business Expertise in the field
Storage
Residential
Working hours
College
Police grounds
touch points
Timings
Juice Junction
Slum - RHA - Babu :
Enquiry and co-design
Salvage price/Pay as you feel
Cooling, ventilation systems
School
1.
Concept : Surplus shop
Madiwala market Fixed licensed /unlicensed shops
Basic Flow
Storyboard for co - designing
Cold Storage and Locker facility Closed loop - Sustainable system Quality and Quantity Control Systems
Mobile shops
Stays at market
Collection and deposit system
8 service factors
Leaves market
Segregate, Categorize and Organize Marketing and Distribution systems Minimum salvage price Payment and Membership system Co - designing and onboarding
Household Intent : Resale commercial
Concept to Pilot
Madiwala footpath
Landfill (Composting unit)
Service aspects covered in Solution set Pilot ( Solution set )
Consumption non-commercial
Non - commercial co -designed Weekday model
Non - commercial co -designed Weekend model
Indirect imagination
Direct experience prototyping
HSR layout slum
What : Madiwala sellers give away the produce that is difficult to sell but still fully or partly consumable to the slum dwellers; which would otherwise most likely be discarded. Why : Produce surplus, the short lifespan of perishables, one-day business, short cycles of purchase - discard Difficulty and improbability of selling second grade produce. Hassle of dealing with this stock Goodwill
Where : At the Madiwala market, from all the shops. How : Collecting from shop to shop - every day until it becomes a routine and the system gets established.
When :
Who :
Everyday
Sellers of uncooked produce - fruits, vegetables, greens
Sunday food drive ( for testing ) Weekdays ( concept yet to be tested)
Plan for Pilot
Current system 8 service factors Co -designed system System for prototyping Design principles
New objectives : Connect the slum directly with the market; to empower the people and make the system independent of a third party through training. Why : Bridging the gap between food surplus and food shortage, Challenges in working with NGOs, reducing the middlemen for greater efficiency, handing over a toolkit to establish this system in another market by RHA /interested people, slum dwellers are able and willing to partake and reach this goal, building on existing practices of Madiwala sellers. RHA : Role: Assist in training and gain experience, back up at any point in the pilot Value Proposition : Toolkit to establish systems in other markets, experience a new area, uncooked food, connection and research data of a new unexplored market. Slum dwellers : Madiwala market : *Babu’s shop continues to serve as internal base/back up
Pilot - prototyping
Independent system
*Why went ahead with this : Common consensus In line with the design principles and co-designing sessions. Closest to the ideal ( surplus shop ) concept
Madiwala sellers
Setup
Madiwala market - HSR layout slum
Macdiwala market - Ejipura slum
‘Listen to understand, not to reply.’
Facilitator involvement
Proof of concept Gradual shifting of power, control and responsibility from facilitator to end users Pilot - prototyping
Set - up
Pre - collection Collection Post - collection
Madiwala market HSR layout slum Prototypes 1 - 4 with tested back end and front end activities Proposal for prototype 5 ( system service model, front end back end + CRAJ toolkit ) Madiwala market - Ejipura slum : Service system model + Guiding front - end and back-end flows
What : Training slum dwellers to empower them to collect the uncooked surplus from the Madiwala market. Why : Food shortage, Surplus food for free, Empower by making them independent of the third party to keep the system running without any external mediator ( sustainable ). When : Training : Friday / Saturday - After 7PM or before 8AM Food drive : Sunday 6 AM - 9 AM
Where : At the slum. How : Heavy training and before the pilot. Shifting of power and control with each session. Reducing involvement and establishing a system with time and routine. HCD process and approach. Who : Construction workers of HSR layout slum.
2.
Quality approval by Babu and New employees
Commercial
Pitch to Robin Hood Army
On spot payment Minimum salvage price ; decided by Babu + sellers + New employees Breakeven or lesser, better than zero.
Deposit windows Madiwala sellers
Babu's shop
Deposit Charity
Fixed times New employees
Free / non commercial
Collection / Deposit Sorting, organizing Distribution Packaging Transport Payments Approvals Communication
Collect
Madiwala shops Surplus / donation shop other people can also stop and leave their food there. Charity connect
New business
Existing business
Stages
Other work at the shop
Hosur market
3.
Commercial
Non commercial
2.
Existing business
New business
Main Actors
Babu's shop
Approval and Payment
Regular NGO distribution/ Charity picks up
Mixed with Hosur stock
Regular sale at shop
Organize Packaging Dispatch/ Sale
3. 5.
Live counter
1. 3.
1. Babu, his wife and existing employees 2. Madiwala sellers 4. BBMP 3. RHA + New employees 5. Customers 6. Charity 7. External donors New employees - Destitute around Madiwala, identified and taken under the wing of Robin Hood Army. These people will help out with all the tasks at Babu's shop and also look help with the pilot ( non - commercial ). Payment by Babu - Daily wage / hourly wage
Live counter New employees
Result of co-design session pitch to RHA and Babu
3. 5.
1. 3.
New employees
Sold commercially Segregate Organize Dispatch
2. 3. 7. 6.
Collect Segregate Distribute
30 minute storage window
Madiwala sellers
Employment - stable income Free food Madiwala sellers - Charity
Prototyping / Pilot : Non commercial
Activities and Stages
Babu's shop: Prototyping
Additional revenue Charity No hassle of dealing with waste Babu's shop - Madiwala sellers Robin Hood Army - Charity
Robin Hood Army - Babu's shop RHA :
Changes from co-designed - pitched concept for prototyping to the chosen way forward for prototyping :
Organizations mission
Value proposition
Charity Free food Babu's shop - Charity Social good Popularity
Babu's shop - Robin Hood Army
*Refer to Appendix and previous maps for more details.
Charity
More sales and business Unique market position - the one-stop shop Community and network
Internal connection and base for operations Brand value Reach and network Expertise and training Experience
The unwillingness of Babu to participate in a commercial system of pilot RHA restrictions to only provide logistical support from market to slum.
Social work ‘feel good’, disposal vs feeding the hungry ( both are non - profit ) Clearing out shop
Madiwala sellers - Babu's shop Robin Hood Army
Why: Based on 5 criteria, best choice Demand and restrictions: Unwilling to partake in the pilot but ready to provide an internal base for operation - 30 minute storage window. The role played: Internal contact and base for operations Challenges: Co-designed pilot but backed out when the pitch was made for onboarding. Value proposition: Out of goodwill and increase in popularity
Why: Interest and mission to save food Demands and restrictions: Unwilling to collect or get involved in any monetary dealings in the system ( unwilling to get destitute into the system. The role played: Logistics back up, assist in training slum dwellers and sellers in the pilot Challenges: Uncertainties in working with NGOs, organization limitations and differences in mission. Value proposition: Assist in training and logistics to get experience. Provide a toolkit to establish such systems in other markets.
3.
Additional revenue Manpower, reliable help Increase in customers One stop shop Identity and popularity
Babu's shop
4.
Front-end :
Back-end :
1. Market sellers and slum dwellers were brought onboard and introduced to each other
1. Slums were physically identified and visited to discuss the pilot. A database on the history of the slum was created. A study on the nature of the slum (temporary or permanent), lack of identification by government, assessment of the neediness of the slum, information on other issues, community bonding and relationships, pockets and demarcations, hierarchies and power dynamics, daily routines and job profiles, day in the life of a slum and market seller, food habits and current system of procurement was done.
2. The plan of action for the / service - system pilot was presented and co-designed with both parties. Work was allocated accordingly.
Pre Collection
3. Communication and coordination with both parties were done simultaneously. 4. A time and schedule was chalked out 5. A repository of data and findings was created
HSR layout slum Madiwala For Prototyped versions 1 - 3
2. The issues and desires on both ends were considered while co-designing the pilot. The value propositions made during on-boarding were sufficient to make changes in their system. Their priorities and main motivators were identified and used to get feedback on concepts. Setup included training to collect, using introductory speech formats, elements of branding and identity, creating community awareness and arranging for back-up, women empowerment initiatives, using of videos and pictures as proof of concept, practice sessions and time management, learning by doing and sessions on unlearning, realizing the importance of choosing the right volunteers and approaching the right people in the slum. Youth that was literate, tech-savvy, proactive, passionate, respectful, physically capable and carefree was better suited as compared to a member of an older age group of high status. The internal relationships and overall happiness index were considered before giving the go ahead. Understanding their levels of dependency and familiarity and recommending the training of a larger group to ensure that there is a sufficient backup of people capable and confident to collect. 3. Research was done to find the ratio of people to ‘ touch’ phones and the number of Whatsapp users. Extended data on the literacy rate and language barriers, comfort level with using audio over text, use cases and frequency for phone usage and the ratio of people to phones in a family were taken into consideration. 4. Information of daily routines, detailed job profiles of both the sellers and slum dwellers were marked out. Research on the market functioning and existing practices were taken into consideration, issues with the existing system were converted into opportunity areas.
Research and On-boarding Co - designing and planning Identifying, connecting and coordinating Timings and routines Data recording Documentation and feedback
5. A small data bank of names and contact details, goods being sold, working hours, geographical location and physical mapping of the market was done.
Front-end :
Back-end :
6. Pit stop shops
6. Identification and on-boarding of sellers who give away food regularly and in large quantities were undergone, prerequisites for a pit stop shop were low activity, large space and goodwill intent, distances between these shops, permanency and the syncing of their timings and waste routines.
7. Proof of concept was carried out. HRS slum and Robin hood Army come inboard
7. A proof of concept was carried out where in food was collected, segregated, and a document of the variety and stages of waste was made. Edibility testing was carried out at the slum. An understanding of what is popular amongst the slum dwellers, season offerings and prices was gathered.
HSR layout slum Madiwala For Prototyped versions 1 - 3
Research and On-boarding Co - designing and planning Identifying, connecting and coordinating Timings and routines Data recording Documentation and feedback
Identification and on-boarding of Robin Hood Army was done by making them a proposal in line with their objectives, offering them a deliverable that is exclusive and of mutual benefit. Issues of unpredictability, mismanagement, and irresponsibility surfaced during the engagement. A translator and help with back up were coordinated with RHA through the different stages of prototyping. They were also involved in the training and implementation of the food drives, with the aim of learning by doing. 8. Documentation and feedback
Front-end :
Back-end :
1. Slum dwellers went to the market to collect the food
1. The collection transitioned from surplus food being collected and given to them at first to bringing them on board for the pilot, to then letting them take charge of the entire drive. The slum dwellers underwent training and practice on Fridays / Saturdays. Introductory speeches, posters and badges, and images and videos were used during interaction with the sellers. Finer details like the importance of saying thank you, sending out reminders, collecting at the time of setup, planning out public transport ( auto - rickshaws) or arranging to use motorbikes from the slums, suggesting concepts of co-living revolving around service appreciation and exchange for collection service and food donation, volunteering systems and community contributions were suggested, youth were encouraged to volunteer and help was taken from the leader in enforcing order and respect. Women were included in the debriefing and encouraged to partake in the collection. Children witnessed the practice sessions.
2. Shop to shop collection was carried out through efficient interactions.
HSR layout slum Madiwala For Prototyped versions 1 - 3
Collection
Physical collection Interaction Transport and other logistics Documentation and feedback
3. Surplus produce stored at pit stop shops 4. Surplus produce transported back to the slum.
2. Training and practice was done according to a ‘lead by example, and ‘learn by doing’ routine during collection at the market. Assistance through example interactions was done and shown to them until they were comfortable and convinced of the potential. They were then encouraged to try it themselves and were doing it on their own soon after. Branding elements and introductory speeches were used to give them dignity in the process but to also convince the sellers of the truth. An understanding of the importance of collection order and divisions, the vulnerability of the surplus was gained by carrying out collection tasks. Funding for collection bags, printing of branding elements and investment for logistics was initially undertaken by Quicksand Design Studio. 3. Pit stops were then identification and mapped out in case of rains; delay or high amounts of food to be collected on the basis of regularity. (Large quantity contributions, space logistics, willingness, and minimum rush ) Co-living concepts around monetary incentives for the collectors was suggested. Collectors knowing different languages were brought on board to broaden the scope of the collection. Tricks and training of how to identify shops with the potential to give away produce on the basis of timing, placement and activity were shared. Pitching to and using pit stop shops, requesting shopkeepers to strategically keep it out of their way for a minimum amount of time was proposed and tried. 4. Training to use Uber / Ola app, community payment for transport logistics and in appreciation of the collection service done by the youth was suggested. Suggestion to inform an auto driver of the good deed sometimes lead to free transport. 5. Documentation and feedback
Front-end :
Back-end :
1. Food was unloaded in the common space. Collectors went around and distributed food in each house.
1. Volunteers were instructed beforehand to place it all in the common open space.
2. Way forward plans presented and discussed.
2. Collectors were instructed to guard the food. The community was informed that one person representing a house was to stand at the doorstep and collect food, to keep a vessel ready and abstain from complaining or demanding, physical violence and verbal quarrels. Exchanging was an interaction that was left to individuals to handle within the community. Children were kept out of the system by keeping them distracted with other activities the ďŹ rst time. The second time onwards, the responsibility was taken up by the parents. Distribution system was ďŹ gured out by the community. The collectors were aware of the quantity collected and the number of houses, based on this, they distributed and alternated the order of distribution each time. They were encouraged to use their phones and document the process. Feedback was collected from each drive, amendments were made and power was gradually shifted into their hands with the advancement of the pilot.
3. Food left at the slum is consumed for a week and nothing is wasted.
Post Collection HSR layout slum Madiwala For Prototyped versions 1 - 3
Distribution Data recording Documentation and feedback
3. The surplus at the slum was left for cows to eat. Concepts around composting and making manure in-house were suggested. 4. Documentation and feedback
HSR/ S.T Bed slum
Prototyping / Pilot : Non commercial
Value proposition / service exchange
Individual / Collective Youth - Young men and Anji Leaders Madiwala sellers
On Sunday 6 - 9 AM :
Facilitator Animals
Sellers Mobile and fixed Permanent and temporary shop owners and helpers. Morning distribution market sellers and all day sellers. Internal sellers and external sellers
Internal shops Neighbouring slum
HSR slum
Women folk
Farmers / sellers / Agents
Children
Empowerment through hands-on training in knowledge, skill and personality development. Capable of replicating the process in another market - slums
HSR slum helping with translation and back up for logistics or in case of unavailability of slum dwellers to collect.
Informal cleaners and BBMP Local destitute Customers External and internal retailers Commercial vendors and non - commercial users Consumers
Sunday morning breakfast/snacks Helping clear their ‘waste’ Goodwill gesture
Cattle owners Police Passers - by Market leader
Responsibilities :
Middlemen
Which stage it would come into use and which stage would it need to arranged for ; Pre - collection Collection
Assistance with improving the system through training and practice, implementation and feedback. Monitor and back up in case of any system failures or funding. Coordination and project management. - Facilitator and RHA
Speech format
Feedback
Plastic white woven bags 4 at least
Consume any food left at the slum
In person, Whatsapp and calling
Smart phone Yellow pages Smartphones for recording ( contact audio, video and photographs database ) ( ‘touch - phone’ )
Undergo training, cooking of Sunday breakfast/snacks - Slum dwellers Take part in training and observe the system. - slum children
Uber / Recording log and template Paper / digital Food receiving utensils/ dupattas etc
Introduction and practice of using Human Centered Design. Advantages of collaboration - design expertise, research data, setup, and groundwork. Blueprint for other markets and slums. New contacts of individuals and organizations working in similar fields.
Gaining knowledge and expertise in working in markets and around food waste, using the Human Centered design process. An opportunity to work for a social cause.
Experience in working with markets using HCD. A chance to do social good and spark innovation. Madiwala market
Dream Madiwala posters, badges, stickers
1 plastic woven bag to carry the breakfast/snacks to the market.
A chance to do social good. Indirectly getting Sunday breakfast and help in cleaning Edible food is not wasted.
Robin Hood Army A chance to work in a new sector ( uncooked food rescue ). Understand and connect with the Madiwala market to carry out other initiatives with them.
Physical objects, technology, data & recording, info, transport,digital artefacts, communication channels
A chance to connect with other NGOs and non-profits to give away the surplus food. A chance to be charitable.
Community piggy bank
For Prototype 4
Utensils for cooking Sunday breakfast / snacks
Volunteer signed up names shared on Whatsapp groups.
Madiwala shops One - time Investment : Branding elements Collection bags 1 large vessel with a handle Piggy bank Every Sunday : Service and transport Facilitator : Documentation template Feedback template Training material
Robin Hood Army
Help with translation and volunteers. Logistics back up in case of mishaps in the prototype.
Monitor and inspect to ensure there are no malpractices and system runs as per plan. - Slum leader
HSR slum
Post - Collection
Maintenance of collection bags and branding elements - 2 constant volunteers ( Malli and Ganesh ), Collection and distribution, a collection of payment for service and planning transport logistics, distribution of food, coordination with facilitator and market, feedback and documentation, training and implementation, co-design of branding elements, active WhatsApp communication, volunteering. - Slum youth
Learn to use Human Centered Design processes, tools and methods through training sessions and food rescues. This learning by doing is used by them to work in other slums.
Fruits, vegetables, and greens Learning, practice and confidence to initiate this system - service in the next location.
Facilitator
Whatsapp and calling
In person - refining system Whatsapp and calling - feedback and rich media documentation
Facilitator ( Me )
Purpose of the group :
List of Whatsapp groups :
1.Names of volunteers signed up and plan for the Sunday food drive shared here. Share feedback, documentation, reminders and training, monitor and ensure that there are no malpractices. 2.In case of delay or unavailability or any other general updates regarding the system service.
1.Whatsapp group with the facilitator 2.Whatsapp group between slum and market
Admins :
List of people on the group :
1.Slum leader, facilitator and Anju 2.Anju, facilitator and Ashraf
1.Slum leader, 10 volunteers, Anju, and facilitator, RHA 2.Ashraf, the market leader, facilitator, 10 volunteers, slum leader, Anju, and RHA.
6.
For Prototype 4
Common open space Kutcha Houses Permanent cigarette shop Sunday - Live Dosa counter Leader’s house ( Pukka house ) Parking for leader’s bike Waste food for cows
HSR slum
Training : Before 8 AM - Fri / Sat After 7 PM - Fri / Sat
Language : Tamil, Kannada Uneducated 3 smartphones
4 youth Sunday (6 - 9 AM
List of co - living activities :
Temporary slum of construction workers. Not recognized and listed by the government.
Tea and biscuits Paniyaram Fruits Single item Dried coconut Banana leaves Kirana store Wholesale ( potatoes, onions) Vegetables Earthen pots Spices Indira Canteen Greens Root vegetables Paan leaves Flowers Fish Push carts
Ecosystem, timing, routines and activities
Co - living activities
In a nutshell: 6 - 9 AM on Sundays
Co -design and feedback Distribution Training and volunteering Sunday breakfast cooking Money collection Sharing / exchanging produce
Rush hour, Heavy traffic, Morning distribution market, Loading and unloading activities. Most shops setting up and clearing out produce. Majority of external retailers and commercial vendors buying in bulk are seen in this slot. Shopping is done on the go. There is food everywhere, inside the shops, in transportation mediums, on parallel streets, footpath, median, main road etc.
Solution : Reducing uncooked surplus food going to waste at the Madiwala market by connecting a slum to the market.
*For more detailed information refer to the Appendix, research deck and pain points / opportunity areas from research and prototyping.
Open and mixed dumping of produce that is difficult to sell but fully / partly consumable. BBMP trucks clear out all surplus and takes it to the landfills.
Collect from shop to shop. Segregate while collecting, pick up only what they will consume. 850 metres
Madiwala market
Madiwala median
To identify contributor shops, look for cues :
Setting up, organizing and clearing out
Shops
Second grade produce kept upfront or hidden on the side/at the back
Stop the surplus from reaching the Madiwala median
Pit stop shops
Shops with large setups usually have a tunneling system. Back-end work is done in the shop behind Market is open for anyone to shop
4AM : Market opens for farmers / agents to sell By 9 - 10AM : Farmers, agents stop selling at the market and go back
Around 5PM : Market starts shutting down
Till 11PM : Some sellers remain open
Madiwala ( at market) activity 4AM : High traffic and footfall from the morning sale
11AM - 5PM : Not much activity at the market : less traffic
7AM : Build up of traffic ; people commuting to work, school and colleges Madiwala ( around the market) activity
6.
Farmer’s market in the mornings ; food surplus left here after the sale. Food waste dumped along this side of the road. 5 - 10 PM : Rush hour - people returning from work, college etc. Majority of permanent Madiwala shops are on this side of the footpath throughout the day. Some temporary sellers continue to sit on the yellow side of the road.
For Prototype 4 Set up and Pre - collection : Front end
HSR slum
Children / young adults trained and ready to become a part of the system.
2 ďŹ xed, 2 rotating collectors go to collect from the market.
Local heroes: Tech-savvy Anju - helping others at the slum. Ashraf - Coordinating and helping at the market.
There is a substitute contact for slum leader and market leader. RHA has their own network as well.
Routine established. Self - sustaining without any external party involved.
Food reaches the community and there are always 4 volunteers ready. System - service initiative started in a parallel market - slum setups using the toolkit ( by RHA )
Repository of contacts, inform to keep the produce in case of delay.
Volunteer collectors and the rest of the community is prepared for the Sunday food drive
Madiwala market RHA collects after 8 AM and gives it elsewhere. (elsewhere otherwise it will impact the equation and set up with the HSR slum, become dependent on RHA )
The system is established and running as a result of practice, routine and time. The system has evolved itself and adapted to what is more natural and indigenous to both parties
Majority of shops set up and open between 5 AM - 10 AM
1.
Substitutes for market leader and slum leaders to be made. RHA for back up.
Set up and Pre - collection : Back end
Careful about words used and undo mimicking if any. Encourage natural behaviour. Learning by doing and practice.
HSR slum
Further permission taken. Briefing all leaders and requesting the main slum leader to monitor operations.
Volunteer sign up system for collection. Group of 10 to be trained, including women, so there are always people capable and confident to collect. Slum leader inspects and shares names on Whatsapp group. Incentive : Each house pays Rs. 20 as a token of appreciation for services and to cover transport/fuel costs. Also eliminating the already tiny chance of resale.
Co- design branding elements
Fix a time between 6 - 9 AM among collectors for collection
Practice introductory speech and prepare for questions about the initiative by sellers
1.
Planning the future and long term engagement with HSR slum. Looking for other slums to implement this system - service. Informing and briefing the entire community so that there is awareness and collective pressure and responsibility for the collection.
Training and preparing kids at an early age along with the young adults.
Connect tech savvy and literate young adults Anju ( slum ) and Ashraf ( market ). Training to include education and awareness, sensitivity and gratitude building around this theme - system for community development.
Find out the time for majority shops to open between 6 - 9 AM
One time donation of Rs.5 from each house for plastic woven collection bags.
Document and enquiry about waste cycles and practices. Makes changes in the collection according to the majority, if need be.
2 people fixed, 2 keep changing for collection until trust and familiarity is established. Simultaneously, practice for other members by rotation.
External party involvement required until the system service is established.
Madiwala market Connect with the local market leader to inform if they cannot collect by 8 AM. RHA is there for back up, collect and give it elsewhere.
For prototype 4
Collectors know exactly which shops to go to and in what order to collect.
Madiwala market
Collection : Front end
Madiwala market
Sellers - collectors recognize and trust each other. Videos and photographs of food distribution and consumption are shown.
Transport logistics hire an auto/Uber or use their own bikes.
Smart phones used to document the collection. Audio/video and photography. Whatsapp platform to share with the facilitator.
Produce that is still fully or mostly edible is handed over, not just everything ( including inedible food. )
Segregate, take out the completely inedible pieces while collecting, if any.
HSR slum
Introductory speech and information about the initiative.
Elements of branding on clothing, collection bags and a poster showing legitimacy.
2 /4 constants for 8 Sundays. 2 on rotation basis.
Friendly interaction between collectors and sellers. Replicating system service in other markets is feasible.
4 youth go from the slum to the market on Sunday, between 6 - 9 AM at the hour that is most ideal in this time slot.
Similar produce put together. Hard produce kept down, softer on top. Food collected and loaded in order and left at pit stop shops.
Every alternate Sunday, Idli Sambar, Kodubale, Kara Kaddi, Nuchhu, Kayi Vade prepared at the slum and given out to sellers.
Database of varieties, quantity and quality of produce, typologies of produce during different seasons, large contributors identiďŹ ed and pit stop shops established.
Documented proof of collected ( different grades ) produce having been consumed shown to sellers.
Same time every Sunday. Routine is established.
2.
Fix more and similar contracts with Babu type of shop. Criteria for pit - stop shops : Large quantities of regular contributions, space availability, permanence and willingness.
HSR slum
Collection : Back end
Plan for collection units and order of collection depending on previous collection and present mode of transport. Autos/ Uber - 4 bags easily carried in 1 trip. 2 bags per bike. 4 large plastic woven bags worth of produce lasts the slum a week.
Madiwala market
Enquiry into what snacks/breakfast sellers would like to have on Sunday morning. Make a list of the popular demands. Every alternate Sunday, deliver breakfast/ snacks with chai.
Collect phone numbers from sellers during collection. Record typology of produce and approximate quantity using a template. Smart phone to document degrees/quality/quantity at pit stop shops.
2.
Look for cues to identify shops having the potential to contribute : a. During set up, sorting and organizing b. Vulnerable fruits sold at reduced prices are kept upfront/hidden at the back or on the side. Sellers are mindful and sensitive while segregating, keeping aside and giving away the best of the produce that is diďŹ&#x192;cult to sell. Perception of waste changes and sensitivity to see the different degrees of edibility is brought about.
*More details and reasons in Appendix and Maps
For Prototype 4 Post collection : Front end
Community cooks a Sunday breakfast/chai snacks to give market sellers as a gesture of appreciation.
Madiwala market
Slum leader inspects distribution.
More fruits in their diet. Aspects of collection and distribution shared with the facilitator.
Children donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t disrupt distribution.
No health and legal issues.
1 person from each house stands at the door with a collection basket to receive food during distribution. Order of distribution switches between ďŹ rst and last every Sunday.
HSR slum 3.
Post collection : Back end
HSR slum Disclaimer: Out of goodwill ; Consumption at own risk
Collectors approximate quantity per house based on the amount of food collected and the number of houses in the slum. The community is informed beforehand of the proceedings and advised to keep the children supervised. Leader monitors the activity.
Documentation from collection and distribution is recorded. Quantity, variety, pain points, positives, feelings, and fears etc - feedback generated. Work on reďŹ ning system service with the facilitator.
Madiwala market
Reduced food waste ( uncooked food surplus at the market ) A cleaner Madiwala market leads to better sales and lesser wastage.
3.
Basic Flow
*This system was co-designed with Karuna Seva, Vocational training Institute, Ejipura slum dwellers and the Ejipura local NGO based on the design principles used (29), existing resources, practices, expertise and knowledge and feasibility at ground level.
NGO - Charity
Vocational Training Institute Destitute around Madiwala
Karuna Seva
3 cooked meals, Accommodation at the slum Vocational training and education Basic fee ( optional )
Collect Fruits, vegetables and greens
2.
1.
5.
5.
5. 1.
Karuna Seva (Facilitator)
5.
1.
2.
3.
2.
1.
1.
Mid - day meal scheme
5.
Madiwala shops
Vocational training & Adult schooling
5. 3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
Madiwala destitute
4.
2.
2.
1.
3.
3. 5.
Madiwala sellers
5.
4.
Non - monetary token of appreciation
2.
1.
5.
Madiwala market
Identify destitute Employment - job
Employment
2.
Vocational Training Institute
DiďŹ&#x192;cult to sell - partly/fully consumable produce that has a high tendency to become waste
5.
3.
3.
Ejipura slum
2.
1.
1.
2.
Kids & Parents
Ejipura slum
Madiwala market Ejipura slum
2. Post - collection :
1. 2. 3.
Vocational Training Institute
Activities / Stages
3.
1.
Recording, documentation Distribution Service reciprocation
Collection :
Karuna Seva
1. 2.
Madiwala market Adult schooling : 6 - 8 PM on Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays at the slum
Setup and Pre - collection :
Vocational training classes : Sewing - Tuesday and Thursday ( 6 - 8 PM ) Accounting - Saturday and Sunday ( 6 - 8 ) PM Kids Workshop - Saturday and Sunday at the market ( 10 AM - 12 noon )
Madiwala shops Vocational training as a token of appreciation for food : 1. Uniforms for sellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kids - biannually before each semester 2. Accounting for Madiwala sellers business; report at the end of each month 3. Tailoring: Transparent tarps - biannual 4. Peer-peer learning for kids from slum and market.
2 collections : Transfer of fruits and vegetables surplus from market to slum on weekdays
Ejipura slum
Collection Transport, Delivery
1. Morning market ( 5 AM - 10 AM ) 2. Evening when shops are shutting ( around 6 PM ) Adult schooling : 6 - 8 PM on Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays at the slum
Ecosystem, routine and activities
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Research and Onboarding Co-design and Coordination Proof of Concept Training Logistics to run system - service
3.
*Product : Vocational training outputs as tokens of appreciation Service : Opportunity to enroll in vocational training classes or adult schooling programmes
Social work opportunity
Volunteer teachers Opportunity to participate in vocational training, adult education with Ejipura slum
Karuna Seva (Facilitator)
Vocational training and adult education
IdentiďŹ cation and onboarding - setup and training for collection and assistance to manage reciprocation ( product / service *)
Goodwill, clearing out the shop, assistance for participation in the Vocational training system, adult schooling
Physical objects, Information and technology, Data recording, Transport, Digital artefacts, Communication channels
Surplus produce for Ejipura slum
4 Destitute from Madiwala
Logistics of training and collection
3 cooked meals, accommodation, Vocational training, adult schooling
Leader, Kids 50 participants,
Collect the surplus fruits and Vocational training vegetables output ( eg. Accounting, kids uniforms, tarp covers, peer - peer workshops ) or Adult schooling Fruit and vegetable produce
Madiwala sellers and kids Volunteer teachers Space and infrastructure, help with logistics
Madiwala market Ejipura slum
Adult schooling education material oďŹ&#x201E;ine and online Sewing machines / traditional stitching tools, Textile materials, Accounting tools and aids, Kids workshop materials
Whatsapp Collection units, branding elements, documentation aids
Karuna Seva (Facilitator)
4 Destitute from Madiwala 50 participants 1 per house
Whatsapp Minivan Support to acquire collection units, smart phones, weighing scale, recording equipment, cooking tools, branding elements representing the initiative.
Whatsapp Bedding, kitchen tools and equipment, training materials*
Whatsapp Minivan Vocational training outputs : Uniform, clothes, transparent tarps Account logs
Main actors and value exchanges
3.
Leader, Kids 50 participants,
*Vocational training requirements : Accounting tools and processes, information from sellers Measurements for clothing and tarps
Madiwala sellers and kids
Back - end ( Guideline ) :
Steps :
Ejipura Madiwala
1. Research 2. Onboarding 3. Co - design 4. Communication & Management 5. Proof of Concept 6. Training 7. Logistics
Front - end ( Guideline ) :
Activity :
1. Create a basic system - service map proposal.
1. Collect background information of all 5 stakeholders.
2. All stakeholders meet and discuss the service plan.
2. Convincing all stakeholders to partake
3. Stakeholders create a version 2.0 to be used as proof of concept.
3. Co-designing to arrive at version 2
4. Stakeholders promptly and comfortably communicate any changes, confirmations and ideas on a common platform.
4. Create an effective communication channel and coordinate between the 5 stakeholders. 5. Proof of concept and testing 6. Training stakeholders for prototype 1 7. Logistics
5. Proof of concept is carried out for the collection of food 6. Stakeholders practice for prototype 1 7. Logistics for collection, transport, distribution and service reciprocation are arranged.
1. Research on history, daily routines, employment profiles, current interactions, socio-cultural economic dynamics, geography and demographics, resource and logistics, pain points, priorities and suitable incentives. Create a service system plan ensuring there is an equal and mutual value exchange at every point of interaction 2. Connect with all stakeholders individually and propose the idea to them, highlighting the benefit of this system for them. Educate and make aware of the current situation and the need for this. Coordinate and fix a date and time convenient for all. 3. Make a list of questions for grey areas to be answered by experts. Facilitate the creation of version 2.0 using De Bono’s 6 Thinking Hats; discuss the interactions in each of the 3 stages one by one and come to a consensus of service ( value exchanges )in the system agreeable to the involved stakeholders at each interaction. 4. The consensus of which platform works the best for the majority to be identified. Establish a group and run a mock communication sprint at the co-design session. Keep the group active by initiating and engaging in conversation with all 5 as and when required until proof of concept. 5. Coordinate with the people responsible in the collection leg for a proof of concept and set up a time - date and logistics for this run. 6. Training for each stakeholder will be different - aspects of communication and identity,recording and management, knowledge and skills etc. 7. A list of requirements to be made in terms of physical objects, information, technology, data and recording, transport, digital artefacts, communication channels, environment and infrastructure, service exchanges etc. A way to arrange for these either funded internally or from external parties can be figured out.
Steps : 1. Collection 2. Delivery
Ejipura Madiwala
Activity : 1. Collection of food 2. The collected food is transported to the slum Front - end ( Guideline ) : 1. Stakeholders involved in this leg interact to physically collect / transfer the food and vegetables 2. The collected food reaches the slum in organized units
Back - end ( Guideline ) : 1. Stakeholders involved in this leg coordinate and conďŹ rm the execution of the service beforehand. Logistics are ďŹ gured out and supporting process and resources are put in place. The responsible stakeholders interact to perform the service of rescuing fruits and vegetables before it becomes inedible. The collection units and transport chosen are best suited to reduce any further damage, increase the convenience of logistic and minimize resource expenditures involved in collection and carrying. Recording of the process to be done and training and logistical improvements to be made based on this. 2. Stakeholders mutually reject the fruits and vegetables they know to be inedible during collection from personal knowledge and experience. The fruits and vegetables are organized according to weight, quantity and natural properties with the intention of reducing further damage during collection and transportation. The rescued food is then loaded into the medium of transport in a strategic manner to reduce any damage caused during transportation.
Back - end ( Guideline ) :
Ejipura Madiwala
Steps :
2. The food is physically distributed in an order. Each representative is instructed to be prepared with the necessary resources to receive the food at the front of the represented house. The approximate food allocated per house is documented before the distribution. It is important to ensure that all members apart from those who are receiving the food ( family representative during distribution ) do not get involved in the process of distribution until it is over Front - end ( Guideline ) :
1. Recording 2. Distribution 3. Service reciprocation
1. The total food collected is weighed out, allocation per house, documentation through photographs and videos
Activity :
2. Collected food is received by one representative from each of the house involved
1. Recording and documentation of the food collected 2. Fair distribution of the food collected among the stakeholders involved in the this leg 3. Service reciprocation
1. Arrangements for weighing out the total quantity whether at the market or at the slum is made. The logistics of the calculation of food allocation per house is done ( the houses involved in service reciprocation ). Resource arrangements for documentation of the drive are made from internal sourcing or external funding. The documented data is shared on a communication platform common and convenient to all stakeholders to access.
3. Services are provided through/as a result of vocational training initiatives in reciprocation for the food collected
3. According to the unanimous decision of service ( value ) reciprocation through vocational training or adult education programmes, implement the chosen services after coordinating and arranging logistics and resources with the responsible stakeholders in the leg either through internal sourcing or external support.