MRINZ 21st Anniversary Research Report

Image on page 32 — Kenan Olgun

Māngopare Kōwhaiwhai design, a symbol of nurture, support, and flourishing, on page 58 — Tane Morris, Ngāi Tahu

Cover Illustration — Nobi Prizue National Font — Kris Sowersby, Klim Type Foundry

Our Mission

The Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ) is Aotearoa New Zealand’s leading independent medical research institute. Our research is guided by a simple philosophy: it must challenge dogma, increase knowledge, and have the potential to improve clinical practice and outcomes, both in Aotearoa New Zealand, and internationally.

The MRINZ’s research teams are dedicated to investigating important public health problems, delivering high quality evidence on which to improve the management of disease and patient care.

An internationally recognised academic institution, the MRINZ is a registered charitable trust, pursuing advances in clinical practice and providing a base for specialist training in medical research.

Our world-leading research spans ten key medical fields: Asthma, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Health, Complementary & Alternative Medicine, COVID-19, Emerging Therapeutics, Intensive Care Medicine, Māori & Pacific Peoples’ Health, Oxygen Therapy, and Stroke & Rehabilitation.

Committed to contributing toward a more equitable society that celebrates Te Ao Māori and upholds Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the MRINZ is working to support tangata whenua-led processes, where Māori worldviews and values help shape our research.

Our Research Themes

ASTHMA

MRINZ-led research has changed the way the world manages asthma. Our research teams investigate novel approaches to the prevention and management of asthma, to determine how to reduce the risk of developing this common disease, and how it is most effectively treated.

CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY

Fostering discovery and innovation, our cardiac surgery research supports a multi-disciplinary consortium of cardiac surgeons, anaesthetists, intensivists, clinical perfusionists and researchers involved in the care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at public hospitals across Aotearoa New Zealand.

CHILDREN’S HEALTH

Committed to leading innovative studies in children, the MRINZ brings together researchers from a range of specialist areas to improve the health and wellbeing of our tamariki.

COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

The MRINZ is committed to enhancing the evidence base for natural therapies and over-the-counter medications in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our research teams explore complementary and alternative therapies in the context of rigorous science, to identify products that are both safe and effective.

“

“ New Zealand has much to be proud of in supporting the activities of such an exceptional medical research institution.

— PROFESSOR SIR STEPHEN T HOLGATE, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM

COVID-19

The MRINZ has been playing its part in the global pandemic response effort by conducting a broad range of research from epidemiology to clinical trials of therapies for critically ill patients with COVID-19.

EMERGING THERAPEUTICS: EARLY PHASE STUDIES

The capability of the MRINZ to undertake early phase studies of the safety and efficacy of novel treatments is underpinned by our strong relationships with volunteers from the community and the shared use of the Te Whatu Ora – Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley Clinical Trials Unit located at Wellington Regional Hospital.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Our world-leading critical care research teams lead practice-changing studies in all aspects of intensive care medicine. Through multi-centre, multi-national, investigator-led clinical trials, our research benefits patients through the advancement of critical care knowledge, globally.

MĀORI & PACIFIC PEOPLES’ HEALTH

The MRINZ is committed to Māori health and research workforce training, developing ways to weave tikanga into how we work within our organisation, and strengthening collaborations with Iwi, Māori partners across Aotearoa New Zealand. We are also working with Pacific peoples to provide workforce training, facilitate pathways into trial participation, and implement research findings into clinical practice.

OXYGEN THERAPY

Committed to leading innovative studies, the MRINZ oxygen therapy research team is internationally recognised for its landmark research of the optimal ways in which to administer oxygen, and its key role in the implementation of research findings into clinical practice through national and international guidelines.

STROKE & REHABILITATION

Our stroke research programme is home to innovation and advances in the development and implementation of novel interventions that are setting a global standard in person-centred rehabilitation. With a focus on ethnic disparities in outcome after stroke, our research seeks to improve the lives of stroke survivors in Aotearoa New Zealand and across the world.

In this time, the MRINZ has established itself as Aotearoa New Zealand’s leading independent clinical research organisation, being internationally recognised and nationally acclaimed for quality research that challenges dogma, increases knowledge, and improves clinical practice and outcomes.

The strong international standing of MRINZ cements its ability to deliver world-leading research on crucial issues in global public health and development, and to offer an outstanding collective of work from a single research organisation.

The Institute’s remarkable achievements are highlighted by the benchmarking of performance using independent metrics derived from SciVal, which shows the impact and quality of the research published by MRINZ is at least comparable to the top five highest ranked universities worldwide. That an institute based in Te-Whanganui-a-Tara can sit alongside Harvard and Oxford University in its research output is a true asset to the health research landscape of Aotearoa New Zealand.

The MRINZ philosophy of delivering high quality evidence to improve the management of disease and patient care is exactly the approach I hope to foster more of through the reforms of Te Ara Paerangi — Future Pathways, which has a key focus on translating research into impact and delivering real improvements to the lives of New Zealanders.

The MRINZ holds critical capability and plays a coordination and leadership role in clinical trials for New Zealand. Its research focuses on conditions that will lessen the burden of disease to improve the wellbeing of our people, and it plays a vital role in training clinicians to undertake research.

I offer my congratulations to all at the MRINZ as you reach this significant milestone, and wish you many more years of research innovation, partnered with passion, collaboration and a focus on the translation of your discoveries into improving clinical outcomes.

Hon Dr Ayesha Verrall Minister of Health Minister of Research, Science and Innovation

It is with great pleasure that I write this preface to the MRINZ’s Anniversary Report, which commemorates and consolidates the Institute’s achievements during their first 21 years of operation.

Message From Our Chair

As well as addressing the needs of New Zealand’s diverse population, MRINZ research explores global health issues of concern and interest in collaboration with scientists internationally. Over those 21 years, the MRINZ has remained committed to its initial goal — conducting research that leads to changes in clinical practice.

Over the last two decades, the MRINZ has achieved notable impact with its clinicallybased research aimed at improving the treatment of common medical conditions. Major advances and significant discoveries have been made across established research programmes in the fields of Asthma, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Health, Complementary & Alternative Medicine, COVID-19, Emerging Therapeutics: Early Phase Studies, Intensive Care Medicine, Māori & Pacific Peoples’ Health, Oxygen Therapy, and Stroke & Rehabilitation.

MRINZ research findings have a major influence on medical management and public health policy both nationally and internationally.

After seven years in this role, I continue to be deeply impressed by the calibre and influence of MRINZ research across this wide range of scientific and therapeutic areas. The contribution and reputation of the MRINZ as a leader in medical research have been recognised by the sector time and again, acknowledging the achievements of our researchers who are advancing healthcare through medical discovery. With an extraordinary track record of excellence in translational health research, the MRINZ has an outstanding publication output, recognised as the most productive independent medical research organisation in New Zealand. I am often astounded by the immediacy of much of the research output, with clinical practice changing shortly after publication.

2023 marks 21 years of the MRINZ, bringing together quality medical research and innovation to deliver positive change to clinical practice here at home in New Zealand, and across the world.

The value of medical research to healthcare systems and the economy has never been more evident, or better understood globally. Over the last three years we have all been reminded of the importance and impact of robust research practice underpinned by scientific innovation, quality, and collaboration. It is an enormous privilege to govern this organisation as collectively we work to improve healthcare, creating tangible change to patient care worldwide.

I extend the sincere thanks of the Board, past and present, to our Founder and Director, Professor Richard Beasley, who continues to lead the MRINZ with passion, dedication and drive, as he has done for the past 21 years. I thank my fellow Board members for their contribution to the success of the MRINZ, and greatly commend the ongoing work of all our researchers and multidisciplinary teams, who connect and collaborate with communities, clinicians, hospitals, healthcare providers, government entities, healthcare organisations, and funders here in New Zealand and internationally.

Last, but by no means least, I gratefully acknowledge and thank our patient volunteers and study participants, who have greatly contributed to the work of the MRINZ over the last 21 years, playing a pivotal role in the advances in knowledge made by our dedicated research teams. Thanks to your generosity, we can continue to search for answers to pressing medical problems, seeking new solutions to society’s crucial health needs to benefit our local communities, New Zealand, and the wider world.

David Chamberlain BEc, FNZSA, FIAA, CMInstD

Director’s Report

The MRINZ was established as an independent medical research organisation in December 2001 and formally launched in April 2002.

It is a pleasure to look back over these last 21 years, from modest beginnings, and a core dedicated staff of five, working from the Royal Australasian College of Physicians offices on The Terrace in Wellington — to our current committed MRINZ team of over 80, working throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, from our base at Wellington Regional Hospital.

During this period, the Institute has been strongly committed to its mission to investigate the causes of important public health problems, using this knowledge to improve the prevention and treatment of diseases, and actively supporting and mentoring the next generation of health research leaders at undergraduate, post-graduate and professional levels. Our particular focus is on innovative research which has the potential to lead to improvements in clinical management globally, and specifically to reduce inequities in health outcomes in New Zealand.

There have been many significant achievements that can be celebrated in this the 21st anniversary year.

The most important are the significant advances in knowledge that have been made through our research, which have led to major changes in clinical practice, across a wide range of conditions, in New Zealand and internationally.

Our collective efforts have yielded extraordinary research productivity in terms of the quality and quantity of research undertaken during our twodecade history. The commitment to scientific quality, together with the depth and breadth of the innovative research programmes, have been features of this research effort.

The MRINZ has developed the unique capability to act autonomously as the trial coordinating centre for large-scale pivotal, clinical trials in intensive care, respiratory medicine, cardiothoracic surgery, neurology and complementary and alternative medicine. This has led to the MRINZ having a coordinating role in some of the largest randomised controlled trials ever undertaken in a range of medical disciplines, with many using novel study designs and technologies.

Supporting the emerging New Zealand biotechnology industry, including companies researching natural health products and rongoā unique to Aotearoa represents an important priority.

We are dedicated to the training of medical, nursing and biological science graduates in clinical research, nurturing and fostering young researchers. This has been primarily based on the PhD programme in partnership with Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, and our unique MD degree programme at the MRINZ.

Many of our postgraduate alumni have gone on to develop distinguished researchbased careers here at home and abroad.

Commitment to Māori and Pacific health research has been a fundamental priority. Our mahi in this space has taken many forms, from research training and career development, to randomised controlled trials of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions in Māori and Pacific populations. Through this approach, specific management strategies for the treatment of common conditions in Māori and Pacific peoples have been identified. Through collaboration and consultation, we continue to embed Te Tiriti and Te Ao Māori worldview into the design of all our research systems, working steadfastly towards becoming a Tiriti-based organisation, with health equity as a leading goal.

The translation of research findings into changes in clinical practice and incorporation into guidelines has been a priority from our inception. Through publication of the research findings in high impact international journals, and senior membership of MRINZ staff on local and international guidelines groups, the research findings have been taken up by health professionals both in New Zealand and globally, resulting in improved health outcomes and reduced health inequities. I wish to gratefully acknowledge the vital contributions that MRINZ staff, the Trust Board, collaborative partners, and patient volunteers have made throughout the last 21 years. I would also like to express sincere appreciation to our funding partners, in particular the Health Research Council of New Zealand, which has provided substantial long-term programme, project, and fellowship funding, and most recently core Independent Research Organisation support crucial to our ongoing operation.

The MRINZ is in a strong position to build on the last 21 years in the years that will follow because we have had, and continue to have, magnificent people at every level of our organisation. Together our MRINZ research community will continue to conduct research that improves clinical practice into the future.

Richard Beasley

CNZM, DSc (Otago), DM (Southampton), MBChB, FRCP (London), FRACP, FAAAAI, FFOM (Hon), FAPSR (New Zealand), FERS, FThorSoc, FRSNZ

MRINZ at a Glance

19 84 18 63

Collaborating Countries

NZ Collaborating General Practice Sites

NZ Collaborating Clinical Research Units

7,732 10 29 9 41 54 9

NZ Collaborating Pharmacy Research Network Sites Study Database Members

Years of the MRINZ MD Degree Programme (NZQA)

MD and PhDs Awarded

Health Research Council Of New Zealand (HRC)

Training Fellowships

Student Internships

Health Research Council Of New Zealand (HRC)

Clinical Project and Programme Grants

Years of Health Research Council Of New Zealand (HRC)

IRO Core Funding

About Us

HISTORY

Founded in December 2001 and officially opened in April 2002, the MRINZ has dedicated two decades to investigating the causes of important public health problems, using this knowledge to improve the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases and providing an established base for specialist training in medical research.

FACILITIES

The Institute’s main offices and clinical research facility are housed at Wellington Regional Hospital, Te Whanganui-a-Tara.

Wellington Regional Hospital also provides access to a four-bed Te Whatu Ora – Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley Clinical Trials Unit for inpatient studies.

VOLUNTEERS & STUDY PARTICIPANTS

The MRINZ has a growing database of over 7,500 adults who have participated in clinical trials, generously supporting our mahi and research programmes.

CLINICAL TRIALS GROUPS

The MRINZ is the New Zealand coordinating management centre for ANZICS CTG (the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group), the New Zealand Cardiothoracic Surgery Network, the New Zealand Respiratory Clinical Trials Group, the New Zealand Pharmacy Research Network, and the New Zealand Rehabilitation Research Group.

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Professor Beasley and his team at the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand have established an outstanding reputation in designing, delivering and completing high-impact research outputs with the highest metrics of integrity, probity and internal validity.

— PROFESSOR JOHN A MYBURGH AO, PROFESSOR OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE, THE GEORGE INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

by

and

networks in Kapiti, Kirikiriroa / Hamilton, Motueka, Ōtautahi / Christchurch, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Te Papaioea / Palmerston North, Rotorua, Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland, Tauranga, Te Whanganui-a-Tara / Wellington and Whakatū / Nelson.

Clinical Research Units

Kapiti — P3 Research

Kirikiriroa / Hamilton — Lakeland Clinical Trials

Motueka — Greenwood Health

Ōtautahi / Christchurch — Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust, Southern Clinical Trials (Christchurch)

Ōtepoti / Dunedin — P3 Research

Rotorua — Lakeland Clinical Trials

Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland — Optimal Clinical Trials, Papakura Marae Health Clinic, Southern Clinical Trials (Manukau, Totara, Waitemata), Total Healthcare PHO

Tauranga — Clinical Horizons NZ Ltd, Papamoa Pines Medical Centre

Te Matau-a-Māui / Hawkes Bay — Taradale Medical Centre

Te Papaioea / Palmerston North — P3 Research

Whakatū / Nelson — Southern Clinical Trials (Tasman)

General Practice Networks

Te Whanganui-a-Tara / Wellington — Brooklyn Central Health, Brooklyn Medical Centre, Capital Care Health Centre, Churton Park Medical Care, City GPs, City Medical Centre, Courtenay Medical Centre, Eastern Bays Health Centre, Island Bay Medical Centre, Johnsonville Medical Centre, Karori Medical Centre, Kelburn GPs, Kelburn Northland Medical, Khandallah Medical Centre, Kilbirnie Medical Centre, Miramar Medical Centre, Newlands Medical Centre, Newtown Medical Centre, Newtown Union Health Service, Ngaio Medical Centre, Onslow Medical Centre, Peninsula Medical Centre, Plimmer Steps Medical Centre, Plimmerton Medical Centre, Port Nicholson Medical Centre, Seatoun Medical Centre, Te Aro Medical Centre, Terrace Medical Centre, VUW Student Health Service, Wadestown Medical Practice

Heretaunga / Hutt Valley — Avalon Medical Centre, Gain Health, Hutt City Health Centre, Hutt Union and Community Health Service – Pomare, Petone and Taita, Kopata Medical Centre, Manuka Health Centre, Naenae Medical Centre, Petone Medical Centre, Pretoria Street Surgery, Queen Street Medical Centre, Ropata Medical Centre, Silverstream Medical Centre, Stokes Valley Medical Centre, Upper Hutt Health Centre, Waiwhetu Medical Centre, Whai Oranga O Te Iwi Health Centre

The clinical research programmes of the MRINZ are supported

general practice

clinical research unit

Kapiti — Coastal Medical Rooms, Horo Te Pai Health Services, Otaki Medical Centre, Paraparaumu Medical Centre, Raumati Road Surgery, Team Medical, Waikanae Health Centre

Ōtautahi / Christchurch — Ilam Medical Centre, Linwood Medical Centre, Medical Corner Doctors Rangiora, Village Health Medical Centre

Porirua — Mana Medical Centre, Ora Toa Practices (Poneke, Mungavin, Takapuwahia, Cannons Creek, Waitangirua), Plimmerton Medical Centre, Tawa Medical Centre and Linden Surgery, Titahi Bay Surgery

Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland — Allcare Family Medical Centre (Northcote), Birkenhead Medical Centre, Browns Bay Medical Centre, Green Bay Medical Centre, Greenwood Medical Centre, Henderson Medical Centre, Kumeu Medical Centre, MedPlus Family Medical Centre, OneHealth Remuera, Stoddart Road Medical Centre, Westview Medical Centre

Tauranga — Fifth Avenue Family Practice, Girven Family Practice, Papamoa Pines

Te Matau-a-Māui / Hawkes Bay — Carlyle Medical Centre, Taradale Medical Centre

Pharmacy Reseach Network (PRN)

New Zealand

Ahuriri / Napier — Bay Plaza Pharmacy Hastings, Tamatea Pharmacy

Kemureti / Cambridge — Countdown Pharmacy Cambridge

Kerikeri — Unichem Kerikeri

Kiririroa / Hamilton — Campus Pharmacy Waikato, Life Pharmacy Chartwell, Unichem Rototuna Pharmacy

Matakana — Matakana Pharmacy

Matamata — Life Pharmacy Matata

Maungaturoto — Unichem Orrs Pharmacy Maungaturoto

Ngāmotu / New Plymouth — Waitara Pharmacy

Ōtautahi / Christchurch — Countdown Pharmacy Eastgate, Life Pharmacy The Palms, Pharmacy at Ferrymead, The Pharmacy at Phillipstown, The Pharmacy at St George’s Hospital, Stay Well Pharmacy, Unichem Cashel Pharmacy, Unichem Riccarton Clinic Pharmacy, University Pharmacy

The clinical research programmes of the MRINZ are supported by a network of pharmacies throughout New Zealand and Australia, and partnerships with the Pharmacy Guild of New Zealand and the Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand.

Ōtepoti / Dunedin — Anderson’s Exchange Pharmacy

Rotorua — Ranolf Pharmacy

Ruakaka — Unichem Orrs Pharmacy Ruakaka

Tairāwhiti / Gisborne — Horouta Pharmacy, McLean’s Pharmacy

Taitoko / Levin — Unichem Levin Pharmacy

Tākawira / Dargaville — Unichem Orrs Pharmacy Dargaville

Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland — Countdown Pharmacy Mt Eden, Guys Unichem Pharmacy

Papakura, Life Pharmacy Eastridge, Life Pharmacy Howick Village, Life Pharmacy Manukau, Life Pharmacy Papakura, Unichem Greenlane Pharmacy, Unichem Leabank Pharmacy, Unichem

Milford Pharmacy, Unichem Weiti Pharmacy, Walls and Roche Pharmacy, Westgate Pharmacy

Te Papaioea / Palmerston North — Cook Street Pharmacy

Te Waiharakeke / Blenheim — Wairau Pharmacy

Te Whanganui-a-Tara / Wellington — Alexander Pharmacy, Countdown Pharmacy Newtown, Countdown Pharmacy Petone, Crofton Downs Pharmacy, John Castle Chemist, Johnsonville

Unichem, Life Pharmacy Kilbirnie, Owles Unichem Pharmacy, Unichem Karori Mall, Victoria

University Unichem Pharmacy

Waihi — Waihi Beach Chemist

Waihōpi / Invercargill — South City Pharmacy

Whakatū / Nelson — Harley’s Pharmacy, McGlashen Pharmacy

Whangārei — David’s Pharmacy, Life Pharmacy Orrs

Australia

Sydney — CBD Pharmacies, Chemistworks Broadway, Cincotta Discount Chemist Belrose, Donsworth Pharmacy, McFadden’s Pharmacy St Ives, MediADVICE Pharmacy Glenmore Park, MediADVICE Pharmacy St Clair, O’Loughlin’s Medical Pharmacy St Ives, Priceline Pharmacy

Oxford Street, Priceline Pharmacy the Pond

“ Through the development of a unique, community pharmacy-based approach to undertaking clinical trials of natural products, and full protocol to publication capability, the MRINZ has provided an avenue for clinical research and development that would not have otherwise been possible.

“

PROFESSOR RICHARD BEASLEY DIRECTOR AND FOUNDER Asthma and Oxygen Therapy Programmes Lead

Our People

DIRECTOR AND FOUNDER

Professor Richard Beasley

DEPUTY DIRECTORS

Associate Professor Matire Harwood

Adjunct Professor Alex Semprini

Professor Paul Young

PRINCIPALS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Mrs Marina Dzhelali

Ms Denise Fabian

Principal, Research Manager

Principal Administrator

Mr Mark Holliday Principal, Clinical Operations

Dr Diane Mackle Principal, ICU Programme

Mr John Martindale

Ms Alison Pritchard

Principal, Data and Quality

Senior Accounts Manager

Mrs Joanna Read Senior Administrator

PROGRAMME LEADS

Asthma — Professor Richard Beasley

Cardiothoracic Surgery — Dr Shay McGuinness and Associate Professor Rachael Parke

Children’s Health — Professor Stuart Dalziel

Complementary & Alternative Medicine — Adjunct Professor Alex Semprini

COVID-19 —Dr Thomas Hills, Dr Nethmi Kearns and Associate Professor Colin McArthur

Education — Dr Harry McNaughton and Adjunct Professor Alex Semprini

Emerging Therapeutics — Adjunct Professor Alex Semprini

Intensive Care Medicine —Professor Paul Young

Māori & Pacific Peoples’ Health — Associate Professor Matire Harwood

Oxygen Therapy — Professor Richard Beasley and Professor Paul Young

Pharmacy — Adjunct Professor Alex Semprini

Stroke & Rehabilitation — Dr Harry McNaughton

CLINICAL RESEARCH AND SUPPORT STAFF

Mr Augustus Anderson Informatics Manager

Dr Tasmin Barry Medical Research Fellow

Dr Orlagh Bean Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Nina Beehre Project Manager

Dr Rowan Biggs Medical Research Fellow

Dr Georgina Bird Research Fellow

Ms Bianca Black Clinical Research Associate

Ms Melissa Black Senior Study Coordinator

Mr Craig Boyd Specialist Fellow

Dr Pepa Bruce Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Atalie Colman Clinical Research Fellow

Mr Sarath Dayala Clinical Research Associate

Ms Kirsha Delaney Project Manager

Mrs Luisa Diputado Informatics Manager

Ms Allie Eathorne Data Manager

Ms Christina Elder Data Manager

Mrs Trisha Falleni Māori Advisor

Mrs Kathryn Fernando Senior Study Coordinator

Dr Richard Fuller Medical Research Fellow

Mr James Gilchrist Assistant Data and Quality Manager

Dr Rowan Hamill Medical Research Fellow

Dr Lee Hatter Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Claire Houghton Senior Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Anna Hunt Project Manager

Ms Sally Hurford Senior Project Manager

Ms Sajida Ismatullah Research Assistant

Dr Hélène Jorda-Doyle Medical Research Fellow

Mr Zamir Joya Research Assistant

Dr Ciléin Kearns Senior Medical Research Fellow

Ms Andrea Kerridge Quality and Project Manager

Ms Kyley Kerse Senior Pharmacist

Dr Louis Kirton Senior Medical Research Fellow

Ms Mary La Pine Project Manager

Dr Rebekah Lamb Medical Research Fellow

Ms Cassie Lawrence Project Manager

Mr Helaman Luki Research Assistant

Dr Rob McLachlan Specialist Medical Research Fellow

Dr Amanda McNaughton Specialist Medical Research Fellow

Mr Tony Mallon Facilities Manager

Ms Nicola Marshall Communication and Outreach Advisor

Mr Alex Martin Junior Research Fellow

Mr John Martindale Principal, Data and Quality

Mrs Leanlove Navarra Project and Research Manager

Dr Jon Noble Medical Research Fellow

Ms Shaanti Olatunji Project Manager

Dr Karen Oldfield Senior Medical Research Fellow

Ms Melemafi Porter Pacific Peoples’ Advisor

Mrs Judith Riley Senior Study Coordinator

Dr Ruth Semprini Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Gabby Shortt Research Fellow

Mr Nick Shortt Senior Informatics Manager

Mrs Jenny Sparks Project Manager

Dr Selwyn Te Paa Medical Research Fellow

Dr Jordan Tewhaiti-Smith Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Anne Turner Project Manager

Ms Michaela Walton Study Coordinator

Ms Katja Zazulia Clinical Research Associate

HONORARY APPOINTMENTS

Associate Professor Mike Armour, Western Sydney University, Australia

Professor Stuart Dalziel, Starship Hospital and Auckland University

Dr Ross Freebairn, ICU, Hawkes Bay Hospital

Dr Daniel Frei, ICU, Wellington Regional Hospital

Mr Sean Galvin, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wellington Regional Hospital

Dr Seton Henderson, ICU, Christchurch Hospital

Associate Professor, Colin McArthur, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital

Dr Shay McGuiness, Cardiothoraraic and Vascular ICU, Auckland City Hospital

Dr Robert Martynoga, ICU & Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital

Dr James Moore, ICU, Wellington Hospital

Associate Professor Rachael Parke, Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital

Dr Alex Psirides, ICU, Wellington Regional Hospital

Associate Professor Marius Rademaker, Auckland University School of Medicine

Dr Louise Reiche, New Zealand Dermatology Research Trust

ALUMNI

Ms April Aguilar-Dano Research Assistant

Dr Sarah Aldington Medical Research Fellow

Ms Erin Anderson Visiting Research Fellow

Ms Joanne Ayling Research Nurse

Dr Christina Baggott Medical Research Fellow

Ms Tanya Baker Clinical Trial Manager

Dr George Bardsley Medical Research Fellow

Mr Luke Barker Assistant Research Fellow

Dr Sharmila Bernau Medical Research Fellow

Dr James Berry Research Assistant

Dr Susan Bibby Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Grace Bird Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Richard Bowditch Medical Research Fellow

Dr Darren Bowles Medical Research Fellow

Dr Irene Braithwaite Deputy Director

Dr Brent Caldwell Medical Research Fellow

Dr Laird Cameron Medical Research Fellow

Dr Rachel Caswell-Smith Medical Research Fellow

Ms Eleanore Chambers Research Fellow

Mr Thomas Charles Clinical Research Scientist

Dr Jennifer Clay Medical Research Fellow

Dr Terrianne Cripps Medical Research Fellow

Ms Sofia Daly Research Assistant

Dr Emily Dickinson Medical Research Fellow

Dr Marjan Doppen Medical Research Fellow

Dr Leonie Eastlake Medical Research Fellow

Dr Stefan Ebmeier Medical Research Fellow

Dr Llifon Edwards Medical Research Fellow

Mr Hamish Farquhar Junior Research Fellow

Ms Yasha Felis Assistant Study Coordinator

Dr James Fingleton Deputy Director

Ms Caitlin Firkin Research Assistant

Ms Frances Fitzjohn Clinical Research Coordinator/Monitor

Dr Vivian Fu Medical Research Fellow

Ms Otere Halkyard-Mare Research Assistant

Dr Daniela Hall Medical Research Fellow

Dr Joanna Hardy Medical Research Fellow

Dr James Harper Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Kelli Hart Medical Research Fellow

Dr Bridget Healy Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Trish Heuser Research Nurse

Ms Georgia Hill Research Assistant

Ms Moyra Hoeft Research Assistant

Dr Shaun Holt Medical Research Fellow

Mr Alexander Hosking Junior Research Fellow

Dr Sally Ionnides Medical Research Fellow

Dr Kate James Medical Research Fellow

Dr Sarah Jefferies Medical Research Fellow

Dr Mary John Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Julie Jones Quality Compliance Research Associate

Ms Hélène Jorda-Doyle Study Coordinator

Ms Penny Kirkwood Project Manager

Dr Janwillem Kocks Visiting Medical Research Fellow

Dr Kavita Kumareswaran Medical Research Fellow

Dr Stacey Kung Study Coordinator

Ms Charlotte Latimer-Bell Research Coordinator

Mr Erik Levin Junior Research Fellow

Dr Ingrid Maijers Medical Research Fellow

Dr Saras Mane Medical Research Fellow

Dr Suzanne Marsh Medical Research Fellow

Mr Tom Marsland Research Assistant

Mr Ian Martin Respiratory Technician

Dr Matthew Masoli Senior Medical Research Fellow

Ms Eily McBride Clinical Trials Monitor

Ms Alice McDouall Research Assistant

Ms Carla McInnes Senior Data & Quality Manager

Dr Steve McKinstry Medical Research Fellow

Professor Kathryn McPherson Rehabilitation Lead

Dr Saptarshi Mukerji Medical Research Fellow

Mrs Julie Myers Research Fellow

Ms Maraea Nathan Research Assistant

Ms Roni Nuku Research Assistant

Dr Mitesh Patel Medical Research Fellow

Dr Kyle Perrin Deputy Director

Dr Janine Pilcher Deputy Director

Ms Moana Pohe Research Assistant

Dr Sharon Power Medical Research Fellow

Dr Sumeet Reddy Medical Research Fellow

Dr Alice Reid Medical Research Fellow

Dr Michael Richards Medical Research Fellow

Dr Elliott Ridgeon Medical Research Fellow

Dr Geoffrey Robinson

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Lead

Dr Doñah Sabbagh Medical Research Fellow

Ms Malia Scott-Falanitule Research Assistant

Dr Philippa Shirtcliffe Senior Medical Research Fellow

Dr Joe Singer Assistant Research Fellow

Ms Hannah Smellie Research Coordinator

Dr Nicola Smith Medical Research Fellow

Mr Raulle Sol Cruz Project and Research Manager

Dr Richard Steele Clinical Immunologist

Ms Donna Tamaariki Project Manager

Dr Evan Tan Clinical Trials Coordinator

Mr Dylan Taylor-Edwards Research Assistant

Dr Darmiga Thayabaran Medical Research Fellow

Dr Imogen Thompson Medical Research Fellow

Ms Lucy Todd Clinical Trial Coordinator

Dr Justin Travers Medical Research fellow

Ms Iva Vakalalabure Research Assistant

Dr Rachel Varughese Medical Research Fellow

Dr Sasha Vohlidkova Medical Research Fellow

Dr Kirsten Wadsworth Medical Research Fellow

Ms Philippa Walker Research Fellow

Dr Steve Walker Medical Research Fellow

Dr Maria Webster-Longin Medical Research Fellow

Dr Meme Wijesinghe Senior Medical Research Fellow

Mr Glen Williams Respiratory Technician

Mr Mathew Williams Respiratory Physiology Lead

Ms Jeannette Woodman Research Fellow

IN MEMORIAM

Mrs Maureen Stretch Senior Administrator (2008 – 2015)

Dr Tim McKenzie Board Member (2016 – 2019)

STUDENTS

2022/2023

Bridget Ireland [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Amy Kelly [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Tanira Kingi [University of Otago]

Neakiry Kivi [University of Otago]

Bianca Ricardos [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

PREVIOUS

Jan Pieter Baarsma, Visiting Student [University of Groningen, Netherlands]

Clement Benamara, Visiting Student [Montpellier University, France]

Vanessa Bowden, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Célia Brahmi, Visiting Student [Montpellier University, France]

Alex Brinded, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Amanda Burmeister, Visiting Student [University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA]

Holly Curtis, Summer Student [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Leslie Dervieux, Visiting Student [Montpellier 1 University, France]

Harriette Dunphy, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Georgia Hoggarth [University of Otago]

Alex Hosking, Summer Student [University of Auckland]

Cameron Jones, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Iris Koorevaar, Visiting Student [University of Groningen, Netherlands]

Heidi Kristono, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Nico Lieffering [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Helaman Luki [University of Otago]

Corentin Maillot, Visiting Student [Montpellier 1 University, France]

Elias Mardhy, Visiting Student [Montpellier 1 University, France]

Alice McDouall, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Matthew McKenzie, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Palak Mehta, Summer Student [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Claire Munro, Summer Studentship [University of Otago]

Johanna Nee-Nee, Summer Studentship [University of Otago]

Mikka Nocete, Visiting Student [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Nick On, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Gwendoline Peter, Visiting Student [Montpellier 1 University, France]

Grace Ross, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Kerstin Schwarzenlander, Visiting Student [Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany]

Sarsha Sivanantham, Summer Student [University of Otago]

Rianne Strik, Visiting Student [Zuyd University, Netherlands]

Miiraa Te Awhe Blake [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Selwyn Te Paa [University of Otago]

Susanne van de Hei, Visiting Student [University of Groningen, Netherlands]

Marthe van den Berg, Visiting Student [University of Groningen, Netherlands]

Silvia Vogel, Visiting Student [University of Munich, Germany]

Board of Trustees

David Chamberlain (Chair)

Principal and Actuary, Melville Jessup Weaver, Wellington; Chairman, New Zealand Blood Service

Richard Beasley

Director, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand; Consultant Physician, Te Whatu Ora — Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley; Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Professor of Medicine, Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington; Adjunct Professor, University of Otago

Matire Harwood

Associate Professor and Director Tōmairoa, University of Auckland; General Practitioner, Papakura Marae Health Clinic

Shay McGuinness

Consultant Physician, Te Whatu Ora — Te Toka Tumai, Auckland, Clinical Director, New Zealand Air Ambulance Service

Ian McIntosh

Professional Research Manager (retired)

Sean O’Sullivan Partner, Wotton Kearney, Wellington Kyle Perrin

Consultant Physician, Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley

Philippa Shirtcliffe

Consultant Physician, Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley

PREVIOUS

Geoffrey Robinson (Chair)

Chief Medical Officer, Capital & Coast District Health Board; Adjunct Professor, Victoria University of Wellington

Ruth Anderson

Chief Executive Officer – New Zealand. The Royal Australasian College

Bill Day

Chair, Wellington Hospitals & Health Foundation Trust; Chair, Life Flight Trust; Board Member, Wellington Free Ambulance; Justice of the Peace

Gary Fitzpatrick

Client Manager PFS, Guardian Trust

Josephine Jones

Chief Executive Officer – New Zealand. The Royal Australasian College of Physicians

Tim McKenzie General Practitioner, Wellington

Kathryn McPherson

Professor of Rehabilitation, Auckland University of Technology

Denis Siefe

STEP Programme Director, ANZ National Technology

Research Performance

MRINZ has become a world-leading independent clinical research organisation with independently verified research outputs greatly in excess of other New Zealand universities and competitive with the world’s leading universities.

MRINZ contributions are extraordinary and constitute a remarkable body of work from a single organisation.

In 2023, a major audit of the MRINZ’s research performance was undertaken through SciVal, a research metric database that contains research metrics on over 14,000 research organisations worldwide.

The SciVal database allows standardised comparisons with universities and other academic organisations, both in New Zealand and internationally.

The two most commonly used output metrics to benchmark an organisation’s academic impact are:

1. FIELD-WEIGHTED CITATION IMPACT

This value represents the level of citation for a publication output, relative to the expected number in any given field. The values are weighted to accommodate differences in citation patterns across disciplines, allowing an adjusted comparison between organisations. A value of 1.0 means that an organisation’s work is being cited at the expected level, a value of 1.5 means 50% more citations than average and 0.5 means 50% less. The higher the citation index above 1.0, the higher the impact of the research.

2. PUBLICATIONS IN TOP 10% JOURNAL PERCENTILES BY SJR

This represents the proportion of publications in the top ranked journals. The SJR, or SCImago journal and country rank, is an independent metric that quantifies the scientific influence of journals.

Together the above metrics can provide a standardised analysis of institutional performance relative to the rest of the world, a specific specialist field of interest or a specified group of similar organisations. The most commonly accepted data period is five years, excluding the full year immediately past to allow for complete indexing of academic output in Scopus.

For the five-year period leading up to 2023 the MRINZ outperformed all eight New Zealand universities in both metrics.

For the five-year period leading up to 2023 the MRINZ performance exceeded that of the five highest ranked universities worldwide (Times 2021 ranking) in terms of field-weighted citation impact.

— PROFESSOR IAN PAVORD, RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, RESPIRATORY MEDICINE UNIT, NDM RESEARCH BUILDING, NUFFIELD DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

Plot of field-weighted citation impact (y-axis) and publications in the top 10% of journal percentiles (x-axis) for the MRINZ and the New Zealand universities.

Plot of field-weighted citation impact (y-axis) and publications in the top 10% of journal percentiles (x-axis) for the MRINZ and the five highest ranked universities worldwide.

FIGURE 1: MRINZ & NEW ZEALAND UNIVERSITIES

FIGURE 2: MRINZ & THE FIVE HIGHEST RANKED UNIVERSITIES

Research Impact

Since officially opening in April 2002, the MRINZ has consistently investigated pressing issues in public health and clinical practice, challenged dogma, and produced high-quality evidence to inform and improve disease management and patient care.

Through both national and international collaborations, and with an impressive 866 publications (and counting), the MRINZ’s research output has reached well beyond Aotearoa New Zealand, influencing clinical practice and management guidelines on a global scale.

In recognition of these achievements, we have compiled 21 pivotal research outcomes from the last 21 years.

The MRINZ has an outstanding record of research in asthma and COPD over many years. MRINZ research projects, including most recently about a new treatment option for mild asthma, have contributed to changes in national and international asthma guidelines and in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy report, and to their subsequent implementation for clinical practice in New Zealand and many other countries.

Asthma Treatment

Reducing the risk of asthma attacks is the number one priority for the management of asthma in New Zealand, and a major focus of the MRINZ Asthma programme.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects over 610,000 New Zealanders, with New Zealand having one of the highest rates of asthma in the world — particularly in Māori and Pacific communities. There have been longstanding concerns that the traditional approach of using a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) as reliever therapy in asthma may be associated with risk across the spectrum of asthma severity. These concerns have led to a novel treatment approach in which a ‘preventer’ inhaled corticosteroid is combined with a ‘reliever’ beta-agonist within the same inhaler device, which is used as-needed for relief of symptoms.

The idea behind the 2 in 1 combination reliever therapy approach is that it allows the patient to self-titrate the dose of the preventer medication according to their changing needs, and in particular, increases the dose of preventer during worsening asthma when the underlying airways inflammation is greater.

A series of large MRINZ-led, randomised controlled trials demonstrate that the budesonide/formoterol combination 2 in 1 inhaler, markedly reduces the risk of severe attacks compared with a traditional single SABA reliever.

These findings have been incorporated into New Zealand and international guidelines which now recommend that the 2 in 1 inhaler is used rather than a SABA reliever in the management of asthma across the range of asthma severity. This novel therapeutic approach has been considered the biggest paradigm change in the management of asthma in adults for decades. However, there remains a lack of evidence as to whether this treatment approach is also beneficial for children, so to respond to this limitation, the MRINZ is now undertaking two large clinical trials of the 2 in 1 inhaler regimen in children with asthma.

— PROFESSOR HELEN REDDEL, CHAIR OF THE SCIENCE COMMITTEE OF THE GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR ASTHMA (GINA)

benefit of surgical left atrial appendage occlusion has now been proven. There is no question that when patients with atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk of stroke are undergoing heart surgery, they should also have their atrial appendage occluded during their surgery. The MRINZ team has been crucial to the generation of

evidence which has led to a new paradigm for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients worldwide.

Atrial Fibrillation

The MRINZ’s established Cardiothoracic Research Programme, the Improving Outcomes After Cardiothoracic Surgery Network (IOACSNet), has been exploring the care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at public hospitals across New Zealand.

An important international study in which the MRINZ played a key role is the LAAOS III trial. This trial has investigated whether left atrial appendage occlusion, the closing off of a redundant appendage in the heart, can reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The study shows that this simple procedure, which takes six minutes on average and is performed at the same time as undergoing heart surgery, reduces the risk of stroke by more than one third. These results have provided a new approach to stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

This global collaborative study highlights the impact that the work of the MRINZ’s IOACSNet cardiac surgeons, anaesthetists, intensivists, clinical perfusionists and researchers continue to have both locally and internationally.

The

this

— PROFESSOR RICHARD WHITLOCK, POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MCMASTER UNIVERSITY AND HAMILTON HEALTH SCIENCES, CANADA RESEARCH CHAIR IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, CANADA

Cardiac surgical patients are the main recipients of blood products, accounting for approximately half of all transfusions in surgical patients worldwide. The MRINZ has made a significant contribution to world-leading cardiac research showing that a restrictive blood transfusion strategy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery could both improve outcomes, and allow for better use of limited blood stock, reducing the strain on blood donation services.

— PROFESSOR DAVID MAZER, ST. MICHAEL’S HOSPITAL, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, CANADA

Blood Transfusion

The world’s largest transfusion study in cardiac surgery has changed transfusion practices around the world. Traditionally, internationally accepted best practice for surgical teams undertaking open heart surgery on older patients was to use a liberal blood transfusion regimen.

This practice of transfusing older patients to a higher haemoglobin level was supported by the belief that their body’s physiology and ability to cope with the stresses of surgery made them less able to tolerate lower levels than younger patients. This dogma has been challenged in the international Transfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery (TRICS) III trial, the largest ever blood transfusion trial in cardiac surgery, which was led in New Zealand by the MRINZ through the New Zealand Improving Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery Network (IOACS Net).

This global study shows that a restrictive blood transfusion strategy is at least as beneficial as the traditional liberal strategy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and may be preferable in older patients due to a lower risk of complications such as stroke, kidney failure, heart attack and death. This finding brought about major change in clinical practice internationally, leading to both improved outcomes and preserving limited supplies of blood products.

The discovery that smoking cannabis is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer was a wake-up call to New Zealand, which has amongst the highest rates of both lung cancer and recreational cannabis use in the world. Thanks to this focused MRINZ research, smoking cessation programmes now have evidence of the risk of lung cancer with cannabis smoking on which to advise the public.

BOB HANCOX, DEPARTMENT OF PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE DUNEDIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO, NEW ZEALAND

Cannabis and the Lung

Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug worldwide. New Zealand has a strong culture of cannabis use, with about half the adult population reporting that they have smoked cannabis at some stage in their lives and one quarter using it in the last year. When compared with tobacco cigarettes, cannabis contains a higher concentration of carcinogens, is inhaled in larger amounts, and entry of carcinogenic compounds into the lower respiratory tract is aided by deeper and longer draws being taken. Despite research finding pre-cancerous abnormalities in the respiratory tracts of cannabis smokers, the link between cannabis use and lung cancer has previously been uncertain with few studies having investigated this potential association.

A landmark national study of the risk of lung cancer with cannabis smoking has produced three major findings. Firstly, there is a positive association between cannabis use and risk of lung cancer, with the risk of lung cancer increasing by 8% for each joint-year (one joint per day for one year) of cannabis use, after adjustment for other factors such a tobacco smoking. Secondly, the bioequivalence in risk compared with smoking tobacco was determined, with one cannabis joint being equivalent to 20 tobacco cigarettes in terms of lung cancer risk. Thirdly, the risk of lung cancer is greater in those who start smoking cannabis when aged younger than 16 compared with those who start when aged 21 or older.

These findings have provided the scientific evidence on which public health campaigns can be based. There has been major international interest in this research, particularly the bioequivalence in risk with tobacco smoking and the high risk in those who start smoking as children.

— PROFESSOR

The success of the trial using kānuka oil to treat eczema is hugely exciting and could now lead to a sustainable and profitable industry for the Tairāwhiti region, providing new jobs for local people. The experience we have gained through our collaboration with the MRINZ has been invaluable, and is leading us to many other opportunities.

Complementary Kānuka

A unique pharmacy-backed, three-year MRINZ trial shows that a medical-grade honey formulation derived from the kānuka tree is just as effective in healing cold sores as the standard pharmaceutical anti-viral treatment, aciclovir cream. The largest randomised controlled trial of its kind ever undertaken in New Zealand, these findings present patients with an evidence-based, alternative option.

MRINZ research also shows the benefits of kānuka honey for the treatment of rosacea, a chronic skin condition mainly affecting the face. MRINZ teams are now looking at the use of medicinal kānuka oil for a range of other skin conditions.

A landmark eczema trial, led by the MRINZ, and conducted in partnership with New Zealand enterprises Hikurangi Bioactives Limited Partnership (HBLP) and TRG Natural Pharmaceuticals, offered strong evidence of the safety and effectiveness of kānuka oil cream as treatment. HBLP is a social enterprise committed to creating jobs and economic development for Māori communities in the Tairāwhiti region, working in partnership with the indigenous guardians of natural resources. Tauranga-based TRG Natural Pharmaceuticals, develops innovative and scientifically proven products from natural sources.

Through these trials the MRINZ has developed the Pharmacy Research Network (PRN), a national community pharmacy collaboration centralised at the MRINZ with support from the Pharmacy Guild of New Zealand. The PRN has given the MRINZ a future-focused, cost-effective, efficient, collaborative and high-quality platform to ascertain the efficacy/safety profile of both novel and commonly used over-thecounter treatments. The globally unique PRN provides the underpinning system by which to assess pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products derived from New Zealand’s flora and fauna.

— MANU CADDIE, CO-FOUNDER, HIKURANGI BIOACTIVES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

DEPUTY DIRECTOR

Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Emerging Therapeutics, and Pharmacy Programmes Lead Education co-Lead

ADJUNCT PROFESSOR ALEX SEMPRINI

It is extraordinary that REMAP-CAP was able to randomise patients to receive novel treatments for COVID-19 before the WHO declared a world-wide pandemic. The MRINZ REMAP-CAP team has played an important role in this global study involving over 1,000 researchers in 24 countries, including low-and middle-income nations, all collaborating to identify treatments which improve outcomes and reduce the burden of COVID-19.

COVID-19

The Randomised, Embedded, Multi-factorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for CommunityAcquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) study was conceptualised in 2015 as part of international pandemic preparedness planning, driven by the collective experiences of the 2009 influenza outbreak (‘swine flu’). Initial funding permitted the design and preparation of a trial that would swing into action once another major respiratory pandemic event began. This remarkable foresight enabled mobilisation to patient recruitment within weeks of the start of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Led by intensive care clinician-researchers, this study investigated treatment interventions for the most seriously ill COVID-19 patients — those receiving critical care in ICU.

The study features a novel trial design that allows faster generation of high-quality medical evidence. As a platform study, multiple interventions can be tested at the same time, adapting further as evidence accumulates, with findings incrementally translated into clinical practice globally.

The award-winning global trial has to date evaluated 35 distinct treatment interventions, including numerous drug therapies, blood plasma from recovered patients (convalescent plasma) and mechanical ventilation strategies.

Among these, it has demonstrated the effectiveness of several treatments including corticosteroids and the IL-6 inhibitors tocilizumab and sarilumab, and more intense early treatment to prevent blood clots in non-critically ill patients. Importantly, the study also demonstrated the ineffectiveness and risks associated with other treatments, including hydroxychloroquine either taken alone or together with the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir.

— PROFESSOR STEVE WEBB, INTENSIVIST, ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL AND AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND INTENSIVE CARE RESEARCH CENTRE, MONASH UNIVERSITY

We knew it was possible to exercise patients on life support, and, despite very limited evidence from small studies, some clinicians have argued that this kind of exercise should be adopted as early as possible for ICU patients. In fact, such exercise significantly increases complications including abnormal heart rhythms and low oxygen levels compared to usual care. This study will help change ICU physiotherapy practices and patient outcomes worldwide.

— PROFESSOR CAROL HODGSON, MONASH UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

Early Active Exercise

Approximately 13–20 million people receive treatment in ICUs worldwide annually; in New Zealand that number sits around 40,000. Patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, also known as ‘life support’ are typically confined to bed rest with no active exercise. As technology and science evolve, more patients are surviving episodes of critical illness who once would have died.

The weakness that develops in ICU patients can affect the ability to walk and perform simple activities like washing and using the toilet without assistance. This weakness can sometimes persist for many years or even last for the rest of a person’s life.

Active exercise is a form of physiotherapy in which the patient is encouraged to use their muscles and includes activities ranging from movement in bed to walking independently. Early active exercising often begins as early as 24-48 hours after arrival in ICU.

The TEAM trial compared the effect of early active exercise with usual care on recovery in adults on life support in ICUs. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the number of days alive and out of hospital between those who received early active physiotherapy and those who received the usual care level of in-ICU mobilisation.

Early active physiotherapy did not reduce the risk of functional impairment or impaired quality of life due to weakness at six months. Adverse events such as arrhythmia and low blood pressure were also more common in the early active exercise group. These findings are important because they will prevent patients receiving a treatment that does not benefit them and can cause harm.

Intravenous fluid therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments in patients who are acutely ill. Every day millions of litres of intravenous fluid are administered to patients all around the world. Whether to use saline or balanced crystalloids for such fluid therapy has long been a subject of debate. Collaborative research with the MRINZ has resolved this long-standing debate and has demonstrated that using balanced crystalloids reduces the risk of dying for almost all critically ill patients. Importantly it also showed that balanced solutions should not be used in patients with traumatic brain injuries.

— PROFESSOR SIMON FINFER, PROFESSORIAL FELLOW CRITICAL CARE DIVISION AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND CHAIR OF CRITICAL CARE, SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON

Intravenous Fluids

Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is a ubiquitous treatment for critically ill patients and has been used in clinical practice for over 175 years. Despite this long history, IV fluids have not been subjected to the same level of scrutiny as pharmaceutical drugs. Physicians have long debated the choice of IV fluid in critically ill patients, with ongoing controversy over the relative effectiveness and safety of various solutions.

Over the past decade, the MRINZ has run a landmark programme of research dedicated to determining the optimal IV fluid treatments in critically ill patients. The main focus has been determining whether using balanced crystalloid fluids, which includes a combination of water and electrolytes and thus more closely mimics human plasma, results in better patient outcomes than when saline is used.

As part of an international research effort, MRINZ-led randomised controlled trials have now been combined in a meta-analysis of all studies in this field. Ths analysis shows that balanced crystalloid fluids reduce the risk of death compared to saline for all critically ill patients except those with traumatic brain injuries.

The uncertainty around IV fluid choice is now resolved, changing the practice of one of the most fundamental therapies administered to acutely unwell patients. The global impact with the implementation of these findings in clinical practice is likely to be immense.

DIRECTOR

Intensive Care Medicine Programme Lead Oxygen Therapy Programme co-Lead

PROFESSOR PAUL YOUNG DEPUTY

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MATIRE HARWOOD

DEPUTY DIRECTOR

Māori & Pacific Peoples’ Health Programme Lead

Māori Health

The MRINZ is dedicated to contributing towards a more equitable society through its commitment to Te Ao Māori, the provisions and principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the Wai 2575 Health Services and Outcomes Kaupapa Inquiry recommendations.

The MRINZ has a continued focus on Māori health guided by our ever-evolving Māori Health Strategy. This anchoring includes prioritising randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in health conditions that affect Māori, undertaking RCTs solely in Māori populations, conducting subgroup analyses focusing on Māori participants, training MRINZ staff in tikanga Māori and cultural safety and supporting Māori workforce development, including the MRINZ medical intern programme.

Improving health outcomes for Māori requires clinical practice based on evidence appropriately gathered from Māori communities. With a strong focus on equity and evidence-based action, the recruitment of Māori study participants into clinically and culturally suitable research trials at the MRINZ contributes to better knowledge and practice — and ultimately improved health outcomes for tangata whenua.

A series of landmark MRINZ studies tracing back 21 years to the institution’s establishment has determined the preferred treatment approach of common disorders which cause a substantive burden of disease for Māori. MRINZ-led studies undertaken in partnership with Māori communities have investigated novel treatments for smoking cessation, rehabilitation following stroke, parenteral feeding in critically ill patients, and asthma management. The findings have directly informed guidelines and management strategies for the treatment of common health conditions for Māori.

The MRINZ is committed to improving Māori Health through relevant health research and is dedicated to developing Aotearoa New Zealand’s future Māori health research leaders.

— MRINZ MĀORI AND PACIFIC PEOPLES’ HEALTH RESEARCH STRATEGY FRAMEWORK, 2023

New Zealand Biotechnology Partnerships

Quality medical care increasingly relies on innovative technologies. Working in collaboration with the local biomedical industry, the MRINZ has been closely involved in the design and clinical research of novel technologies. These partnerships have led to major advances in healthcare globally and economic benefits to New Zealand.

The MRINZ’s biotechnology focus includes three major programmes with longstanding partner, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, in the application of high flow nasal therapy, innovative mask interfaces and novel delivery systems for the titration of oxygen therapy with closed loop control.

In clinical trials, we have shown that the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare AIRVO nasal high flow machine, which delivers humidified air at high flows through nasal prongs to patients with respiratory conditions, is effective and safe to use in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Following this, MRINZ teams assessed the physiological effects of novel mask interfaces used with non-invasive ventilation.

Most recently, we have worked closely in the research and development of a unique device allowing oxygen to be automatically titrated in response to changes in oxygen saturation, to achieve a predetermined oxygen saturation target range. This device has been shown to be better than standard care in enabling critically ill patients admitted to hospital to remain within a target oxygen saturation range, thereby reducing the risk of both not enough oxygen and too much oxygen being administered.

What distinguishes the MRINZ from other clinical research teams in New Zealand is their depth of clinical trial experience and capability to conduct all aspects of clinical research from trial concept, design, implementation and monitoring through to the statistical analysis and publication in international journals.

— KEVIN O’DONNELL, GENERAL MANAGER, AIRVO GROUP, FISHER & PAYKEL HEALTHCARE, AUCKLAND, AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND

The TARGET trial showed that increasing calorie intake in patients who are critically ill by using energy-dense enteral nutrition does not improve patient outcomes, including mortality, and can increase complications such as vomiting and high blood sugar levels. Our New Zealand collaborators at the MRINZ made a massive contribution to the TARGET trial which has informed feeding practices for critically

Nutrition For The Critically Ill

Nutrition for critically ill patients is vital, however, the optimal route of delivery and calorific targets have been controversial issues for many decades. Intensive care doctors have long wondered just how important nutrition is to the survival of the sickest hospital patients and how much food these patients need to maximise their chances of recovery. Collaborative New Zealand and Australian research — the largest intensive care nutrition trial ever undertaken — sheds light on these key questions.

A major clinical trial of 4,000 Australian and New Zealand ICU patients, led in New Zealand by the MRINZ, investigated whether a lack of nutrition could be linked to weakness, weight-loss and poorer recovery, and whether an energy-enriched formula could lead to better outcomes. The study swapped established formulas for a nutritiondense formula to determine if it would lead to better survival rates, health outcomes and faster recovery times for critically ill ICU patients.

The TARGET trial found that increasing energy delivery above the amounts provided in routine care does not increase survival at 90 days in critically ill adults, and that allowing critically ill patients to self-regulate how much food they absorb may well be a better approach to artificially trying to boost energy delivery. This finding is significant as much effort, resources and health care costs are required to increase energy delivery above routine care during the treatment of critical illness.

ill patients around the world.

— PROFESSOR SANDRA PEAKE, DEPARTMENT OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE, THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL, CHAIR, ANZICS CLINICAL TRIALS, UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA

World-leading research from the MRINZ has contributed to a paradigm shift in the way oxygen is prescribed globally. MRINZ research showing that avoiding routine use of liberal oxygen therapy was safe and effective was a literal life-saver during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing doctors with the confidence to limit use of oxygen, thereby preserving scarce supplies in many countries, and preventing many hospitals and localities from running out of oxygen.

Oxygen Treatment

Over two decades, the MRINZ Oxygen Therapy programme has explored how to best deliver oxygen therapy to patients across a wide range of chronic and acute illnesses. This programme is based on the recognition that while too little oxygen places patients at risk, too much oxygen may also have its own risks. In a series of clinical trials, MRINZ researchers have identified that oxygen therapy titrated to achieve normal physiological levels results in similar or better outcomes than the entrenched practice of high concentration therapy, regardless of need.

These novel findings have led to a worldwide paradigm change in the way oxygen is prescribed, through the ‘swimming between the flags’ concept.

This approach simplifies how clinicians administer oxygen therapy to critically ill patients, giving as much or as little oxygen as needed to keep their blood oxygen saturation within a prescribed target range and has been adopted and promoted in both local and international oxygen guidelines.

In an attempt to enhance the ability to ‘swim between the flags’, the MRINZ has been involved in the research and development of a device which automatically titrates the concentration of oxygen to ensure oxygen saturations are kept within a target range. This novel technology has the potential to revolutionise the way in which oxygen is delivered in clinical practice.

The current MRINZ oxygen programme includes the MEGA-ROX study, a 40,000-patient international study. This is the largest randomised controlled trial ever undertaken in critically ill patients and should provide the evidence required to guide the precise levels of oxygen required across a range of conditions in critically ill patients.

— DR RONAN O’DRISCOLL, CONSULTANT RESPIRATORY SPECIALIST AT SALFORD ROYAL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST, UNITED KINGDOM

Party Pills

The use of legal party pills emerged in New Zealand in 1999, becoming increasingly popular in the decade that followed — in particular amongst young people. Sold under a wide range of product names, party pills were used recreationally to enhance confidence, induce feelings of wellbeing and to enable users to stay awake for long periods of time. The main active ingredients of legal party pills are benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), both of which are central nervous system stimulants. These substances are members of the piperazine group, which are classified as synthetic designer drugs.

With no prior clinical studies having investigated the effects of combining BZP and TFMPP, nor the potential interaction between alcohol, BZP and TFMPP, there was a clear gap in knowledge. In response to concerns about both the widespread use of party pills and the frequent reports of serious adverse effects, the New Zealand Ministry of Health commissioned the MRINZ to undertake research to provide an evidence base on which to classify BZP, TFMPP and related substances under the Misuse of Drugs Act.

This novel study, which included use of a driving simulator, shows that BZP + TFMPP party pills cause significant adverse side-effects and have real potential to cause serious harm when taken in the recommended doses and with or without alcohol. This programme of research provided the key evidence on which the Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs recommended, in 2007, that pills containing BZP and any derivatives like TFMPP be classified as C1 Drugs, and their manufacture, supply and export were later banned.

This landmark research exploring the risks of party pills is a great example of the MRINZ responding to a public health crisis in a timely manner, providing scientific evidence that solidly informed both regulatory authorities and the general public.

— DR GEOFF ROBINSON, ONZM, ADDICTION MEDICINE SPECIALIST, NEW ZEALAND

Our participants learn a huge amount being part of our courageous Sing Your Lungs Out (SYLO) group. Our attendance record is terrific. Even on the wildest, windiest, wettest days, people show up. It’s a privilege to share their COPD experiences and sing together. The choir has provided immense benefit both physically and socially to our community.

— ROBYN LANGE, WELLINGTON SING YOUR LUNGS OUT (SYLO), COORDINATOR

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Over 200,000 New Zealanders live with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD, or mate ia tuku), an umbrella term used to describe a variety of progressive respiratory diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis and chronic asthma. Traditionally, treatment for COPD includes smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation and medications, yet despite these measures, many find the activities of daily living and exercising difficult due to the reduced lung capacity brought about by the condition.

Innovative research undertaken at the MRINZ has investigated a novel rehabilitation approach utilising a community singing group for people living with COPD. The ‘Sing Your Lungs Out’ (SYLO) community choir was originally started as part of a research project to assess the emotional and physical impact that social singing has on those who live with COPD. The results of this research show that those involved in community singing reported substantially increased health benefits such as improvements in breathing, sputum clearance and exercise tolerance, as well as a general sense of improved well-being.

At the 2016 Minister of Health Volunteer Awards, the SYLO team were the recipients of the Health Volunteer of the Year award and the Community or NGO Health Service Team award for their work. The unique model of the SYLO choir established by the MRINZ has now been replicated with similar choirs having been set up in New Zealand, and around the world.

Taking Charge of Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke is New Zealand’s second most common cause of death and the leading cause of serious adult disability. Each year, New Zealanders experience a stroke at a rate of around one every 45 minutes.

Until recently there have been no proven effective treatments that improve important outcomes such as independence and quality of life once someone is discharged from hospital after a stroke.

The development and testing through large clinical trials of the ‘Take Charge’ intervention — a low-cost high-impact rehabilitation programme that supports a person to control their own stroke recovery — is a major international achievement for the MRINZ. In the programme’s initial clinical trials, all participants and the researchers who delivered the study interventions were Māori and Pacific Peoples. These unique trials show that goal-oriented selfrehabilitation after a stroke makes all the difference, enabling patients to achieve positive recovery outcomes.

The ‘Take Charge’ programme is more effective than standard rehabilitation for improving stroke outcomes, including quality of life and independence. Rehabilitation teams around the world are now using this approach in stroke and other conditions, and in indigenous communities.

This innovative research has the potential to transform stroke recovery care for both indigenous and non-indigenous communities around the world. Dr McNaughton and his MRINZ team’s work is an international first and generally regarded as a breakthrough in new knowledge in the field.

— PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER LEVI, DIRECTOR OF THE JOHN HUNTER HEALTH AND INNOVATION PRECINCT, FELLOW OF THE AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCE, CONJOINT PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA

Often clinicians are tasked with deciding when to start dialysis therapy. This landmark study gives reassurance that there is no benefit in starting dialysis early and that indeed, starting early may lead to risk of long-term kidney injury. The long-held assumption that starting dialysis early helps critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, should now be laid to rest.

Timing of the Initiation of Kidney Dialysis

Acute kidney injury is a common complication for patients in intensive care. If acute kidney injury is not treated, abnormal levels of salts and chemicals can build up in the body, and if severe this can be fatal. The usual treatment is dialysis in which a machine removes waste products from the blood. But, determining the right time to initiate dialysis is complex, and surprisingly, after nearly 50 years of performing dialysis, the medical profession has not been in agreement as to when this first treatment should begin. Patients need immediate dialysis if they have metabolic conditions such as excessive blood levels of potassium (hyperkalaemia), acid (metabolic acidosis) or waste products like urea (uraemia). But for patients without these complications, doctors have not known what the benefits or dangers of early dialysis are.

The STARRT-AKI (Standard versus Accelerated Initiation of Renal-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury) trial, coordinated in New Zealand by the MRINZ, shows that starting dialysis within 12 hours of acute kidney injury does not improve survival nor lead to other benefits when compared with a conservative strategy based on ‘watchful waiting’ and delayed dialysis.

Importantly, it increases the risk of long-term dependence on renal-replacement therapy.

The discovery that starting dialysis early might be unnecessary in some patients and could cause further damage to the kidneys leading to long term impairment is important; dialysis is an expensive treatment, and employing it unnecessarily is a poor use of resources. This landmark trial distinctly shows that the initiation of kidney dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury can be deferred until a clear indication for dialysis is present. This approach will reduce costs and decrease the risk of patients ending up dialysis-dependent.

— PROFESSOR SEAN BAGSHAW, CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, DIRECTOR, CRITICAL CARE STRATEGIC CLINICAL NETWORK, ALBERTA, CANADA

Traveller’s Thrombosis

An MRINZ-led research programme has quantified the risk of traveller’s thrombosis, encompassing both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with long distance air travel.

In the largest study of its kind, the MRINZ has shown that the risk of a DVT or PE in adults following long distance travel, such as flying from NZ to the UK and back, is about 1 in 100. This has led to a series of studies identifying that prolonged seated immobility at work or with leisure activities, such as computer gaming, is a significant yet poorly recognised risk factor for DVT and PE. Both the total duration of sitting in a 24-hour period, and the time spent sitting at one time, were identified as important determinants of risk.

The term ‘seated immobility thrombosis’ (SIT) was proposed to describe venous thromboembolism occurring after prolonged seated immobility in any circumstance, ranging from air, road and train travel, to prolonged seating at work and with leisure activities. Together, SIT in its various forms has been identified as a risk factor in over one third of DVT and PE cases in New Zealand.

In a programme of dedicated research, a small novel footstool device was designed, and its use shown to markedly increase venous blood flow in the legs. It has now been commercialised as a device to reduce blood clot risk in people who sit for long periods at work, or during other sedentary activities and with long distance air travel.

MRINZ-led research firmly put the risks of traveller’s thrombosis, and New Zealand, on the world map. MRINZ studies showing that thrombosis risk also applies to sitting for long periods at work, and with recreation, is truly a breakthrough in global health knowledge, and has allowed interventions to reduce risk to be developed.

— PAUL WESTERMAN, THROMBOSIS UK TRUSTEE

(2014-2018), CHARITY OARS, UNITED KINGDOM

Fever is a key sign of severe illness and yet it is poorly understood and its treatment has not been guided by high quality evidence. The MRINZ has conducted world-leading research to evaluate fever management in the ICU. Their research showed that paracetamol is safe for treating patients in intensive care and may even help them recover and leave hospital more quickly. These findings have informed clinical practice around the world.

Treatment of Fever

As an over-the-counter medication, and having been in clinical use for over a century, paracetamol is the standard first-line treatment for fever and acute pain. However, its use pre-dates the era of evidence-based medicine and there have been opposing theories as to the benefits and risks of its use in treating fever. One argument is that fever places additional physiological stress on patients who are already ill, and removing this source of increased metabolic demand would allow the body to allocate additional resources to fighting the infection. Conversely, other studies have observed that fever may enhance immune cell function, inhibit the growth and spread of an infecting pathogen and improve the activity of antimicrobials. These conflicting arguments demonstrate a lack of conclusive evidence surrounding the effect of treating fever with paracetamol, with no high-level proof that paracetamol treatment of fever due to probable infection is beneficial, ineffective, or harmful.

Remarkably, although paracetamol is widely administrated to ICU patients with fever and infection, and despite the strong rationale that fever might be important to fight off infection, the MRINZ-led HEAT trial was the first to investigate the safety and efficacy of administering paracetamol to critically ill patients admitted to ICU with fever due to infection.

The HEAT trial shows that the treatment of fever with paracetamol is safe and does not make health outcomes worse, although it has minimal effect on either temperature or symptoms and does not reduce mortality risk. These findings have contributed to the evidence base for the far-reaching use of paracetamol across a range of conditions and illness severity.

— PROFESSOR RINALDO BELLOMO, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, FACULTY OF MEDICINE,

MONASH

UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA

We’ve been putting tubes into people with collapsed lungs since the beginning of the 20th century, thinking we were doing our best to treat this condition. Now, this study makes it clear that conservative treatment rather than an invasive interventional approach is better. Patients suffering a pneumothorax can be sent home to recover and get back to work and their daily lives sooner, avoiding all the complications that go along with inserting a chest tube such as infection, trauma, bleeding and recurrence.

Treatment of Pneumothorax

It is estimated that up to 1,500 New Zealanders present to emergency departments (ED’s) each year, in pain and short of breath, experiencing a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax. This condition can be caused by an underlying lung disease or, more commonly, for no obvious reason at all. It occurs when a spontaneous leak from the surface of the lung causes air to collect inside the chest, which in turn causes pain and breathing difficulties. For decades, standard hospital treatment for a pneumothorax has been interventional, with doctors inserting a plastic tube into the patient’s chest to drain the collected air to help the lung reinflate. Not only is this treatment often painful, but it can also lead to organ injury, bleeding, infection and sometimes additional surgery if the air leak continues.

MRINZ-led research has changed the way doctors all over the world treat pneumothorax. A six-year randomised controlled study identified that a ‘watchful waiting’ approach to the treatment led to better outcomes, being considerably safer than the traditional invasive surgical approach.

It was found that 85% of patients with moderate-to-large spontaneous pneumothorax could be managed without an interventional procedure. Most patients cope well physiologically, even with very large pneumothoraces if the underlying lung is healthy. The findings have caused a major shift in the practice of treating pneumothorax worldwide, allowing patients to go home from the ED instead of being admitted to hospital, thus recovering quicker and avoiding the serious complications associated with an interventional tube procedure.

—

PROFESSOR SIMON

BROWN, CENTRE FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AND CRITICAL CARE AND RETRIEVAL SERVICES, AMBULANCE

TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA

Ulcer Prophylaxis

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many, if not most, prescriptions of PPIs in the ICU are for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Although PPIs are used most widely for this indication, histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs) are used in preference to PPIs in some ICUs. This variation, which appears to be largely dependent on clinician preference rather than patient-specific factors, has continued for decades.

A landmark trial of unprecedented size and statistical power, the PEPTIC Study, is the largest randomised clinical trial ever undertaken in the field of intensive care medicine, gathering findings from almost 27,000 patients from 50 ICUs in five countries.

The PEPTIC study, led by the MRINZ Intensive Care team, compared the risk of death with the two ulcer-preventing medicines commonly prescribed to critically ill patients in the ICU. This was the first study adequately powered to determine whether or not the choice of stress ulcer prophylaxis in the ICU affects the risks of mortality and of developing important complications such as ulcer bleeding and hospitalacquired infections.

The study used the innovative approach of collecting outcome data from existing databases, allowing the research team to complete a high quality, prospective interventional trial at a very low cost. The study showed that while PPIs are slightly better at preventing bleeding from ulcers, they increased the risk of dying in hospital compared with the alternative H2RB blockers. In 2021, this study was awarded the ACTA STInG Excellence in Statistics Award and was a Trial of the Year Finalist in recognition of the impact of the findings to change practice and improve outcomes internationally.

This large study of a common treatment has changed practice for critically ill patients at risk of bleeding from ulcers in ICUs around the world. This trial illustrates the power of clinical research networks to address important management questions that are of immediate relevance to day-to-day practice and the welfare of patients.

— PROFESSOR JOHN ZALCBERG, ACTA CHAIR PROFESSOR, MONASH UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

When we began this landmark vitamin C trial, we were caught between two groups — strong proponents of the potential therapy and those who felt that it lacked evidence and ought to be abandoned. With such contrary views, we appreciated the importance of further study. Our collaboration with MRINZ researchers serves as an example of the importance of challenging dogma through a multinational effort and embedding research in clinical care. Treatments administered to our patients should be examined in high-quality trials.

Vitamin C Therapy

There has been considerable controversy about the use of vitamin C in critically ill patients with sepsis, as although it was essentially an unproven treatment, it had strong proponents who encouraged its use. Researchers from the MRINZ collaborated with investigators from Australia, Brazil, Canada and France to conduct a landmark clinical trial investigating the use of intravenous vitamin C therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis.

This study, known as the Lessening Organ Dysfunction with Vitamin C (LOVIT) trial, hypothesised that administering a high dose of vitamin C would decrease the 28-day risk of death or further organ damage in such patients more than when given a placebo.

Among adults with sepsis in the ICU, this trial shows that high-dose intravenous vitamin C increases the risk of death or persistent organ dysfunction, compared to those who do not receive the treatment. This large clinical trial delivers possibly the final blow to vitamin C use in the ICU.

Clinical trials like this are critical for examining interventions which, despite not being supported by a strong evidence base, have become standard care in some health systems.

— DR. NEILL ADHIKARI, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND SUNNYBROOK HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE, TORONTO, CANADA

Māori & Pacific Peoples’ Health Research Strategy

Led by MRINZ deputy director, Associate Professor Matire Harwood, a respected leader in Māori health research, we have recognised the need for novel strategies for Māori engagement in our research, and using these have seen a markedly reduced inequality in terms of participant representation.

Recognition of the interdependencies of social, economic and health outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Māori population is key to developing and conducting large scale, high impact research programmes working to reduce inequalities across these domains.

In addition to conducting traditional forms of research such as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with Māori participants, the MRINZ is increasingly engaging in collaborations across multiple sectors providing expert clinical advice. Many of these stem from economic development programmes exploring the use of bioactives and have a long history of use within Rongoā Māori, the traditional healing system of Māori.

The MRINZ’s evolving Māori Research Strategy presents measurable objectives for the MRINZ in the areas of workforce development, collaboration in randomised clinical trials, and conducting research that is culturally safe in its methodology and trial conduct. Highlights include the appointment of a Māori Health Advisor, Māori research fellows, Māori medical students as interns, and funding applications with Māori Principal Investigators. The recruitment of Māori participants into clinically and culturally safe research trials contributes to better knowledge and practice and ultimately equitable health outcomes.

In its two-decade history, the MRINZ has conducted numerous RCTs with Māori participants to examine key Māori health issues such as smoking cessation therapy, asthma, stroke, and the care of critically ill patients. Equity in health outcomes were achieved during the research and the findings have been translated into clinical practice through guidelines and presentation, thereby contributing to ongoing health benefits for Māori.

Through the development of novel clinical trial platforms using informatics integrations with the electronic health record, smartphone technology and national pharmacy and general practice localities we are achieving Māori participation of over 13%, a significant increase in previous general population studies. Harnessing this improved research engagement provides significant potential in both assessing and improving Māori health outcomes.

MRINZ works with kaupapa Māori researchers, service providers and experts in ways that have enhanced the application of Māori methodologies in health research. Mahi is ongoing in developing our workforce to apply kaupapa Māori methods to trial development, participant recruitment, data collection methods, dissemination, and translation in widespread clinical practice. In order to facilitate this, we have actively partnered with Māori trusts and academic institutions to promote paid student internships, salaried Masters and PhD places in clinical research and research assistant positions amongst New Zealand communities.

Leveraging innovative methodologies that allow usual care providers to participate in RCTs throughout New Zealand, not just in major centres, is key to both accessing and engaging patient groups and subsequent translation of findings to deliver whānau ora. This includes provision of a translation facility to promote the use of te reo in all study patient information.

In addition, understanding patient perspectives is an important and increasingly recognised role in protocol development. As such we actively seek Māori patient advocacy involvement in conjunction with Te Whatu Ora — Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley research Advisory Group — Māori review for all studies.

Ketuketua ngā āhuatanga o te ao kikokiko e hukea ai ngā kura huna! He aha ēnei kura huna? Ko te oranga o Ngāi Māori!

Improving Māori health is why I chose to enter into the medical profession. I see research as the best way to improve Māori health on a wide scale, and being part of the MRINZ team has meant that I have been fortunate enough

to train specifically in Māori health research.

— DR SELWYN TE PAA, CLINICAL RESEARCH FELLOW

2023

1. Armour M, Sinclair J. Cannabis for endometriosis-related pain and symptoms: It’s high time that we see this as a legitimate treatment. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 63: 118-20.

2. Beasley R. Every action matters, every bit of warming matters. Respirology 2023; 28: 287-8.

3. Beasley R, Bruce P, Hatter L. ICS/ formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy: how far beyond asthma? Thorax 2023; 78: 430-1.

4. Beasley R, Bruce P, Houghton C, Hatter L. The ICS/formoterol reliever therapy regimen in asthma: a review. J Allergy Clin Immunol pract 2023; 762-73.

5. Beasley R, Chang AB. Is tezepelumab the ubiquitous biologic for severe asthma? Lancet Respir Med 2023; 10.1016/S22132600(22)00530-6.

6. Beasley R, Hatter L. Over-the-Counter Dispensing: Widening access to ICS/formoterol reliever therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207: 377-9.

7. Beasley R, Kankaanranta H. Inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: when less is more. J Allergy Clin Immunol In Pract 2023; 11: 544-5.

8. Chen W, Reddel HK, FitzGerald JM, Beasley R, Janson C, Sadatsafavi M. Can we predict who will benefit most from biologics in severe asthma? A post-hoc analysis of two phase 3 trials. Respiratory Research 2023 (in press).

9. Denison H, Corbin M, Douwes J, Thompson S, Harwood M, Davis A, Fink JN, Barber PA, Gommans J, Cadilhac D, Levack W,

McNaughton H, Kim J, Feigin VL, Abernethy V, Girvan J, Wilson A, Ranta A. Ethnic differences in stroke outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand: A national linkage study. Int J Stroke 2023; 17474930231164024.

10. Doppen M, Black M, Braithwaite I, Bong J, Eathorne E, Kirton L, Kung S, Walton M, Hills T, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Kearns C. Skin to deltoid muscle distance at three recommended injection sites in an obese population: an observational study. NZMJ 2023; 136: 67-76

11. Doppen M, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Kearns N, McIntyre P, Hills T, Beasley R. When should a longer needle be used for intramuscular injection in obese patients? A combined analysis of New Zealand data.Vaccine 2023; 41: 2690-5.

12. Doppen M, Mirjalili A, Harwood M, Eathorne A, Braithwaite I, Bong J, Kirton L, Semprini R, Weatherall M, Semprini A, Kearns C, Black M, Kung S, Walton M, Beasley R, Hills T. COVID-19 vaccination and the skin to deltoid muscle distance in adults with diabetes. Vaccine X 2023; 13: 100248.

13. Frei DR, Beasley R, Campbell D, Leslie K, Merry A, Moore M, Myles PS, Ruawai-Hamilton L, Short TG, Sibanda N, Young PJ. Perioperative oxygen administration in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care 2023; 310057X221131336.

14. Goligher EC, Lawler PR, Jensen TP, Talisa V, Berry LR, Lorenzi E, McVerry BJ, Chang C-CH, Leifer E, Bradbury C, Berger J, Hunt BJ, Castellucci LA, Kornblith LZ, Gordon AC, McArthur C, Webb S, Hochman J, Neal MD, Zarychanski R, Berry S, Angus DC, REMAP-CAP, ATTACC and ACTIV-4a Investigators. Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin in

Publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals serves as the key way in which research findings are communicated. This shared knowledge provides the scientific basis on which to practice evidence-based medicine, leading to improved clinical outcomes.

Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. JAMA 2023; doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3651

15. Hanly C, Leonardi M, Eathorne A, Armour M. The impact of diagnostic method on sense of control and powerlessness and social support in endometriosis patients-A retrospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14488

16. Higgins AM, Berry LR, Lorenzi E, Murthy S, McQuilten Z, Mouncey PR, Al-Beidh F, Annane D, Arabi YM, Beane A, van BentumPuijk W, Bhimani Z, Bonten MJM, Bradbury CA, Brunkhorst FM, Burrell A, Buzgau A, Buxton M, Charles WN, Cove M, Detry MA, Estcourt LJ, Fagbodun EO, Fitzgerald M, Girard TD, Goligher EC, Goossens H, Haniffa R, Hills T, Horvat CM, Huang DT, Ichihara N, Lamontagne F, Marshall JC, McAuley DF, McGlothlin A, McGuinness

SP, McVerry BJ, Neal MD, Nichol AD, Parke RL, Parker JC, Parry-Billings K, Peters SEC, Reyes

LF, Rowan KM, Saito H, Santos MS, Saunders CT, Serpa-Neto A, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari

M, Stronach LM, Turgeon AF, Turner AM, van de Veerdonk FL, Zarychanski R, Green C, Lewis

RJ, Angus DC, McArthur CJ, Berry S, Derde LPG, Gordon AC, Webb SA, Lawler PR. Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 329: 39-51.

17. Hobman A, Levack WMM, Jones B, Ingham T, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, McNaughton A, McNaughton H. Prevention of Re-Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbations: Perspectives of People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Qualitative Study. Int J COPD 2023; 18: 207-18.

18. Kearns C, Houghton C, Dickinson E, Hatter L, Bruce P, Krishnamoorthy S, Weatherall M, Hills T, Doppen M, Ali Mirjalili S, Beasley R. What variables should inform needle length choice for deltoid intramuscular injection? A systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13: e063530.

19. Kim J, Cadilhac DA, Thompson S, Gommans J, Davis A, Barber PA, Fink J, Harwood M, Levack W, McNaughton H, Abernethy V, Girvan J, Feigin V, Denison H, Corbin M, Wilson A, Douwes J, Ranta A. Comparison of stroke care costs in urban and non-urban hospitals and its association with outcomes in New Zealand: A Nationwide Economic Evaluation. Stroke 2023; 54: 848-56.

20. Lee TY, Sadatsafavi M, Yadav CP, Price, DB, Beasley R, Janson C, Koh MS, Roy R, Chen W. Individualised risk prediction model for exacerbations in patients with severe asthma: protocol for a multicentre real-world risk modelling study. BMJ Open 2023; 13: e070459-e070459.

21. Levack WMM, Weatherall M, McNaughton HK, McNaughton AA, Hobman A, Jones B, Ingham TR, Fingleton J. Taking Charge After Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of a Psychologically Informed Self-Management Intervention. Int J COPD 2023; 18: 317-25.

22, Mak J, Eathorne A, Leonardi M, Espada M, Reid S, Zanardi JV, Uzuner C, Rocha R, Armour M, Condous G. External validation of the “2021 AAGL Endometriosis Classification”: a retrospective cohort study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023; 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.12.012.

23. Mohan A, Lugogo NL, Hanania NA, Reddel HK, Akuthota P, O’Byrne PM, Guilbert T, Papi A, Price D, Jenkins CR, Kraft M, Bacharier LB, Boulet L-P, Yawn BP. Pleasants R, Lazarus SC, Beasley R, Gauvreau G, Elliot I, SchneiderFutschik EK, Yorgancioglu A, Martinez F, Moore W, Sumino K. Questions in Mild Asthma: an Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023 (in press).

24. Munroe ES, Hyzy RC, Semler MW, Shankar-Hari M, Young PJ, Zampieri FG, Prescott HC. Evolving Management Practices for Early Sepsis-induced Hypoperfusion: A Narrative Review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 10.1164/ rccm.202209-1831CI.

25. Murakami N, Hayden R, Hills T, AlSamkari H, Casey J, Del Sorbo L, Lawler PR, Sise ME, Leaf DE. Therapeutic advances in COVID-19. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19: 38-52.

26. Perram J, Purtill D, Bajel A, Butler J, O’Brien T, Teh B, Gilroy N, Ho PJ, Doocey R, Hills T, Perera T, Douglas G, Ramachandran S, Chee L, Trotman J, Weinkove R, Keogh S, Fraser C, Cochrane T, Watson A, Diamond P, Latimer M, Irving I, Blyth E, Cheah C, Cole T, Milliken S, Yang H, Greenwood M, Bardy P, Kennedy G, Larsen S, Conyers R, Hamad N. ANZTCT Position Statement: COVID-19 management in patients with haematopoietic stem cell transplant and chimeric antigen receptor T cell. Int Med J 2023; 53: 119-25.

27. Rogliani P, Laitano R, Ora J, Beasley R, Calzetta L. Strength of association between comorbidities and asthma: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32: 220202; DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0202-2022.

28. The REMAP CAP Investigators. Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Initiation on Organ Support Free Days in Patients

Hospitalized with COVID 19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023 (In Press).

29. Saito H, on behalf of the Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAPCAP) investigators. International platform trials: as diseases cross borders, so should trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2023 doi.org/10.1016/ S14733099(23)00193-7

2022

1. Adhikari NK, Pinto R, Day AG, Masse MH, Menard J, Sprague S, Annane D, Arabi YM, Battista MC, Cohen D, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Heyland DK, Kanji S, McGuinness SP, Parke RL, Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan B, Charbonney E, Chasse M, Del Sorbo L, Kutsogiannis DJ, Lauzier F, Leblanc R, Maslove DM, Mehta S, Mekontso Dessap A, Mele TS, Rochwerg B, Rewa OG, Shahin J, Twardowski P, Young PJ, Lamontagne F. Lessening Organ dysfunction with VITamin C (LOVIT): statistical analysis plan. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11: e36261.

2. Agusti A, Rapsomaniki E, Beasley R, Hughes R, Müllerová H, Papi A, Pavord ID, van den Berge M, Faner R for the NOVELTY Study Investigators. Treatable traits in the NOVELTY study. Respirol 2022; 27: 929-40. doi: 10.1111/ resp.14325.

3. Ali H, Brooks C, Tzeng YC, Crane J, Beasley R, Gibson P, Pattemore P, Stanley T, Pearce N, Douwes J. Heart rate variability as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity in young people with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. J Asthma 2022; 10.1080/02770903.2022.2070763.

4. Armour M, Avery J, Leonardi M, Van Niekerk L, Druitt ML, Parker MA, Girling JE, McKinnon B, Mikocka-Walus A, Ng CHM, O’Hara R, Ciccia D, Stanley K, Evans S. Lessons from implementing the Australian National Action Plan for Endometriosis. Reprod Fertil 2022; 3(3): C29-C39.

5. Armour M, Ciccia D, Stoikos C, Wardle J. Endometriosis and the workplace: Lessons from Australia’s response to COVID-19. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 62: 164-7.

6. Armour M, Parry K, Curry C, Ferfolja T, Parker MA, Farooqi T, MacMillan F, Smith CA, Holmes K. Evaluation of a web-based resource to improve menstrual health literacy and selfmanagement in young women. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162: 111038.

7. Armour M, Sinclair J, Cheng J, Davis P, Hameed A, Meegahapola H, Rajashekar K, Suresh S, Proudfoot A, Leonardi M. Endometriosis and cannabis consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional survey. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7: 47381.

8. Baggott C, Hardy JK, Sparks J, Sabbagh D, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Fingleton J. Epinephrine (adrenaline) compared to selective beta-2-agonist in adults or children with acute asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2022; 77: 563-72.

9. Balthazar P, Klontzas ME, Heng LXX, Kearns C. Cowden Syndrome. Radiographics 2022; 42(2): E44-E45.

10. Barnett A, Beasley R, Buchan C, Chien J, Farah CS, King G, McDonald CF, Miller B, Munsif M, Psirides A, Reid L, Roberts M, Smallwood N, Smith S. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement on Acute Oxygen Use in Adults: ‘Swimming between the flags’. Respirology 2022; 27: 262-76.

11. Beasley R, Harrison T, Peterson S, Gustafson P, Hamblin A, Bengtsson T, Fagerås M. Evaluation of budesonide-formoterol for maintenance and reliever therapy among patients with poorly controlled asthma. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open 2022; 5: e220615.

12. Bennett J, Moreland NJ, Williamson DA, Carapetis J, Crane J, Whitcombe AL, Jack S, Harwood M, Baker MG. Comparison of group A streptococcal titres in healthy children and those with pharyngitis and skin infections. J Infect 2022; 84: 24-30.

13. Bradbury CA, Lawler PR, Stanworth SJ, McVerry BJ, McQuilten Z, Higgins AM, Mouncey PR, Al-Beidh F, Rowan KM, Berry LR, Lorenzi E, Zarychanski R, Arabi YM, Annane D, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Bhimani Z, Bihari S, Bonten MJM, Brunkhorst FM, Buzgau A, Buxton M, Carrier M, Cheng AC, Cove M, Detry MA, Estcourt LJ, Fitzgerald M, Girard TD, Goligher EC, Goossens H, Haniffa R, Hills T, Huang DT, Horvat CM, Hunt BJ, Ichihara N, Lamontagne F, Leavis HL, Linstrum KM, Litton E, Marshall JC, McAuley DF, McGlothlin A, McGuinness SP, Middeldorp S, Montgomery SK, Morpeth SC, Murthy S, Neal MD, Nichol AD, Parke RL, Parker JC, Reyes L, Saito H, Santos MS, Saunders CT, Serpa-Neto A, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Singh V, Tolppa T, Turgeon AF, Turner AM, van de Veerdonk FL, Green C, Lewis RJ, Angus DC, McArthur CJ, Berry S, Derde LPG, Webb SA, Gordon AC. Effect of antiplatelet therapy on survival and organ support-free days in critically ill patients with covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2022; 327: 124759.

14. Brewer KM, Grey C, Paynter J, WinterSmith J, Hanchard S, Selak V, Ameratunga S, Harwood M. What are the gaps in cardiovascular risk assessment and management in primary care for Maori and Pacific people in Aotearoa New Zealand? Protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022: 12(6): e060145.

15. Bruce P, Ainscough K, Hatter L, Braithwaite I, Berry LR, Fitzgerald M, Hills T, Brickell K, Cosgrave D, Semprini A, Morpeth S, Berry S, Doran P, Young P, Beasley R, Nichol A. Correction: Prophylaxis in healthcare workers during a pandemic: a model for a multi-centre international randomised controlled trial using Bayesian analyses. Trials 2022; 23(1): 546.

16. Bryce A, Foley L, Phillipson J, Slow S, Storer M, Williman J, Beasley R, Bhally H, Chang CL, Dummer J, Epton M, Furniss M, Gracie K, Hancox RJ, Hills T, Hogg S, Hotu S, Kearns N, Morpeth S, Murdoch D, Raymond N, Ritchie S, Wong C, Maze MJ. Clinical features of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from February to October 2020, during the early waves of the pandemic in New Zealand. NZ Med J 2022; 135: 120-30.

17. Carr AC, Spencer E, Mackle D, Hunt A, Judd H, Mehrtens J, Parker K, Stockwell Z, Gale C, Beaumont M, Kaur S, Bihari S, Young PJ. Corrigendum to “The effect of conservative oxygen therapy on systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress in critically ill patients” [Free Radical Biology and Medicine 160 (2020) 13-18]. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192: 50.

18. Chen H, Kunder R, Zou Y, Staton T, Zhu R, Galanter J, Gugelmann H, Owen R, Grimbaldeston MA, Chang JK, Durk MR, Eliahu A, Wilson MS, Choy DF, Wilson M, Black M, Doppen M, Kung S, Oldfield K, Sparks J, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Effects of inhaled JAK inhibitor GDC-4379 on exhaled nitric oxide and peripheral biomarkers of inflammation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 75: 102133.

19. Costa-Pinto R, Yong ZT, Yanase F, Young C, Brown A, Udy A, Young PJ, Eastwood G, Bellomo R. A pilot, feasibility, randomised controlled trial of midodrine as adjunctive vasopressor for low-dose vasopressordependent hypotension in intensive care patients: The MAVERIC study. J Crit Care 2022; 67: 166-71.

20. Couillard S, Do WIH, Beasley R, Hinks TSC, Pavord ID. Predicting the benefits of type-2 targeted anti-inflammatory treatment with the prototype Oxford Asthma Attack Risk Scale (ORACLE). ERJ Open Res 2022; 8: 10.1183/23120541.00570-2021.

21. Couillard S, Steyerberg E, Beasley R, Pavord I. Blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and the risk of asthma attacks in randomised controlled trials: protocol for a systemic review and control arm patient-level meta-analysis for clinical prediction modelling. BMJ Open 2022; 12: e058215.

22. Daley-Yates P, Keppler B, Baines A, Bardsley G, Fingleton J. Metabolomic changes related to airway inflammation, asthma pathogenesis and systemic activity following inhaled fluticasone furoate/vilanterol: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res 2022; 23(1): 258.

23. Darvall JN, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Young PJ, Pilcher D. Frailty in the ICU: information is the required first step. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 1260-1.

24. Darvall JN, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Young PJ, Rockwood K, Pilcher D. Impact of frailty on persistent critical illness: a population-based cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 34351.

25. Doppen M, Kung S, Maijers I, John M, Dunphy H, Townsley H, Eathorne A, Semprini A, Braithwaite I. Cannabis in palliative care: a systematic review of current evidence. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 64: e260-e284.

26. Finfer S, Micallef S, Hammond N, Navarra L, Bellomo R, Billot L, Delaney A, Gallagher M, Gattas D, Li Q, Mackle D, Mysore J, Saxena M, Taylor C, Young P, Myburgh J. Balanced multielectrolyte solution versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2022; 386(9): 815-26.

27. Foster J, Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Harrison T, Holliday M, Pavord I, Reddel H. Perspectives of mild asthma patients on maintenance versus as-needed preventer treatment regimens: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12: e048537.

28. Fujii T, Salanti G, Belletti A, Bellomo R, Carr A, Furukawa TA, Luethi N, Luo Y, Putzu A, Sartini C, Tsujimoto Y, Udy AA, Yanase F, Young PJ. Effect of adjunctive vitamin C, glucocorticoids, and vitamin B1 on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and a component network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 1624.

29. Garg T, Kearns C, Kim E, Ballard DH. Multiple Systemic Arterial aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease. Radiographics 2022; 42(3): E88-E89.

30. Golam SM, Janson C, Beasley R, FitzGerald JM, Harrison T, Chipps B, Hughes R, Mullerova H, Olaguibel JM, Rapsomaniki E, Reddel HK, Sadatsafavi M. The burden of mild asthma: Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the NOVELTY study. Respir Med 2022; 200: 106863.

31. Graca S, Betts D, Roberts K, Smith CA, Armour M. The changing clinical landscape in acupuncture for women’s health: a crosssectional online survey in New Zealand and Australia. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22: 94.

32. Granholm A, Alhazzani W, Derde LPG, Angus DC, Zampieri FG, Hammond NE, Sweeney RM, Myatra SN, Azoulay E, Rowan K, Young PJ, Perner A, Moller MH. Randomised clinical trials in critical care: past, present and future. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 164-78.

33. Hammond NE, Zampieri FG, Di Tanna GL, Garside T, Adigbli D, Cavalcanti AB, Machado FR, Micallef S, Myburgh J, Ramanan M, Rice TW, Semler MW, Young PJ, Venkatesh B, Finfer S, Delany A. Balanced crytalloids versus saline in critically ill adults — a systematic review with meta-analysis. NEJM Evid 2022; 1: doi: 10.1056/ EVIDoa2100010.

34. Harper J, Kearns N, Bird G, McLachlan R, Eathorne A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Audit of oxygen administration to achieve a target oxygen saturation range in acutely unwell medical patients. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98: 4615.

35. Harwood MLN, Ranta A, Thompson SG, Ranta SM, Brewer K, Gommans JH, Davis A, Barber PA, Corbin M, Fink JN, McNaughton HK, Abernethy G, Girvan J, Feigin V, Wilson A, Cadilhac D, Denison H, Kim J, Levack W, Douwes J. Barriers to optimal stroke service care and solutions: a qualitative study engaging people with stroke and their whānau . NZMJ 2022; 135(1556): 81-93.

36. Harwood M, Te Paa S, Kearns N, Luki H, Anderson A, Semprini A, Beasley R. An audit of a marae-based health centre management of COVID-19 community cases in South Auckland. NZ Med J 2022; 135(1549): 120-128.

37. Hatter L, Bruce P, Beasley R. A breath of fresh AIR: reducing the carbon footprint in asthma. J Med Econ 2022; 25: 700-2.

38. Hatter L, Houghton C, Bruce P, Holliday M, Eathorne A, Pavord I, Reddel HK, Hancox RJ, Braithwaite I, Oldfield K, Papi A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Asthma control with ICS-formoterol reliever versus maintenance ICS and SABA

reliever therapy: a post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9: e001271.

39. Hays LMC, Black M, Prunty MP, Murthy S, van de Veerdonk F, Annane D, Binnie A, Burrell A, Derde LPG, Gordon AC, Green C, Guillon A, Keat K, Lawler PR, Lye DC, Mayr FB, McArthur C, McAuley D, McVerry BJ, Morpeth S, Phua J, Pletz M, Reyes L, Saxena M, Seppelt I, ShankarHari M, Sligl WI, Turner AM, Uyeki TM, VazquezGrande G, Webb SA, Ainscough K, Haren AP, Hills T, Nichol A. Could treatment with immunomodulatory agents targeting IL-1, IL-6, or JAK signalling improve outcomes in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A systematic and narrative review. HRB Open Research 2022, 5:77 doi: hrbopenresearch.org/articles/5-77/v1.

40. Hays LMC, Udy A, Adamides AA, Anstey JR, Bailey M, Bellapart J, Byrne K, Cheng A, Jamie Cooper D, Drummond KJ, Haenggi M, Jakob SM, Higgins AM, Lewis PM, Hunn MK, McNamara R, Menon DK, Murray L, Reddi B, Trapani T, Vallance S, Young PJ, Diaz-Arrastia R, Shutter L, Murray PT, Curley GF, Nichol A. Effects of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) guided management on patient outcomes following severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99: 349-58.

41. Hernandez-Mitre MP, Tong SYC, Denholm JT, Dore GJ, Bowen AC, Lewin SR, Venkatesh B, Hills TE, McQuilten Z, Paterson DL, Morpeth SC, Roberts JA. Nafamostat mesylate for treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients: a structured, narrative review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61: 1331-43.

42. Hills T, Beasley R. Letter from New Zealand. Respirology 2022; 27: 994-5.

43. Hills T, Paterson A, Woodward R, Middleton F, Carlton LH, McGregor R, Barfoot S, Ramiah C, Whitcombe AL, Zimbron VM, Mahuika D, Brown J, Palmer-Neels K, Manning B, Jani D, Reeves B, Whitta GT, Morpeth S, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Jordan A, McIntyre P, Moreland NJ, Mirjalili SA. The effect of needle length and skin to deltoid muscle distance in adults receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40(33): 4827-34.

44. Hills T, Sharpe C, Wong T, Cutfield T, Lee A, McBride S, Rogers M, Ching Soh M, Taylor A, Taylor S, Thomas M. Fetal loss and preterm birth caused by intraamniotic Haemophilus influenzae infection, New Zealand. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28: 1747-54.

45. Hodgson CL, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Brickell K, Broadley T, Buhr H, Gabbe BJ, Gould DW, Harrold M, Higgins AM, Hurford S, Iwashyna TJ, Serpa Neto A, Nichol AD, Presneill JJ, Schaller SJ, Sivasuthan J, Tipping CJ, Webb S, Young PJ. Early active mobilization during mechanical ventilation in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2022; 387(19): 1747-58.

46. Hodgson CL, Higgins AM, Bailey MJ, Anderson S, Bernard S, Fulcher BJ, Koe D, Linke NJ, Board JV, Brodie D, Buhr H, Burrell AJC, Cooper DJ, Fan E, Fraser JF, Gattas DJ, Hopper IK, Huckson S, Litton E, McGuinness SP, Nair P, Orford N, Parke RL, Pellegrino VA, Pilcher DV, Sheldrake J, Reddi BAJ, Stub D, Trapani TV, Udy AA, Serpa Neto A. Incidence of death or disability at 6 months after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Australia: a prospective, multicentre, registry-embedded cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10(11): 1038-48.

47. Kearns C, Arnold D, Caswell-Smith P. Response to: ‘Use of computed tomography left atrial appendage as an alternative to trans-oesophageal echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic’. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 66: 964-5.

48. Kearns C, Eathorne A, Kearns N, Anderson A, Hatter L, Semprini A, Beasley R. How best to share research with study participants? A randomised crossover trial comparing a comic, lay summary, and scientific abstract. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45: 172-81.

49. Kearns C, Murton S, Oldfield K, Anderson A, Eathorne A, Beasley R, Nacey J, Jaye C. Estimating the prevalence of drawing in clinical practice among kiwi doctors. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45: 234-41.

50. Kearns N, Bruce P, Williams M, Doppen M, Black M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Repeated dose budesonide/formoterol compared to salbutamol in adult asthma: A randomised cross-over trial. Eur Respir J 2022; 10.1183/13993003.02309-2021.

51. Kearns N, Williams M, Bruce P, Black M, Kearns C, Sparks J, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Single dose of budesonide/ formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol pMDI for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma: a randomised cross-over trial. Thorax 2022; 10.1136/thorax-2022-219052.

52. Klontzas ME, Kearns C, Sheikhbahaei S, Cornejo P. Anti-NMDA-Receptor Encephalitis. Radiographics 2022; 42(7): E199-E200.

53. Lamontagne F, Masse MH, Menard J, Sprague S, Pinto R, Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Battista MC, Day AG, Guyatt GH, Kanji S, Parke R, McGuinness SP, Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan BK, Annane D, Cohen D, Arabi YM, Bolduc B, Marinoff N, Rochwerg B, Millen T, Meade MO, Hand L, Watpool I, Porteous R, Young PJ, D’Aragon F, Belley-Cote EP, Carbonneau E, Clarke F, Maslove DM, Hunt M, Chasse M, Lebrasseur M, Lauzier F, Mehta S, Quiroz-Martinez H, Rewa OG, Charbonney E, Seely AJE, Kutsogiannis DJ, LeBlanc R, Mekontso-Dessap A, Mele TS, Turgeon AF, Wood G, Kohli SS, Shahin J, Twardowski P, Adhikari NKJ. Intravenous Vitamin C in adults with sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit. N Engl J Med 2022; 386: 2387-98.

54. Malik A, Sinclair J, Ng CHM, Smith CA, Abbott J, Armour M. Allied health and complementary therapy usage in Australian women with chronic pelvic pain: a crosssectional study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22: 37.

55. McGuinness S, Charlewood R, Gilder E, Parke R, Hayes K, Morley S, Al-Ibousi A, Deans R, Howe B, Johnson L, Marks DC, Reade MC. A pilot randomized clinical trial of cryopreserved versus liquid-stored platelet transfusion for bleeding in cardiac surgery: The cryopreserved versus liquid platelet-New Zealand pilot trial. Vox Sang 2022; 117: 337-45.

56. McNaughton H, Gommans J, McPherson K, Harwood M, Fu V. A cohesive, person-centric evidence-based model for successful rehabilitation after stroke and other disabling conditions. Clin Rehab 2022 doi: 10.1177/02692155221145433.

57. Mistry R, Frei DR. Reply to comment on ‘A survey of self-reported use of cricoid pressure amongst Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists; Attitudes and practice’. Anaesth Intensive Care 2022; 50: 333-4.

58. Murphy AN, Kearns C. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and their Appearance in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Radiographics 2022; 42(4): E111-E112.

59. Myburgh JA, Seppelt IM, Goodman F, Billot L, Correa M, Davis JS, Gordon AC, Hammond NE, Iredell J, Li Q, Micallef S, Miller J, Mysore J, Taylor C, Young PJ, Cuthbertson BH, Finfer SR. Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on hospital mortality in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2022; 328(19): 1911-21.

60. Oldfield K, Eathorne A, TewhaitiSmith J, Beasley R, Semprini A, Braithwaite I. Experiences, patient interactions and knowledge regarding the use of cannabis as a medicine in a cohort of New Zealand doctors in an oncology setting. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98: 35-42.

61. Papi A, Chipps BE, Beasley R, Panettieri RA, Jr., Israel E, Cooper M, Dunsire L, JeynesEllis A, Johnsson E, Rees R, Cappelletti C, Albers FC. Albuterol-budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma. N Engl J Med 2022; 386(22): 2071-83.

62. Parke RL, Cavadino A, McGuinness SP. Transfusion practice in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in New Zealand-impact of the TRICS III study (the TRICS TRIPS study). NZ Med J 2022; 135(1562): 34-47.

63. Poole AP, Finnis ME, Anstey J, Bellomo R, Bihari S, Birardar V, Doherty S, Eastwood G, Finfer S, French CJ, Heller S, Horowitz M, Kar P, Kruger PS, Maiden MJ, Martensson J, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Secombe PJ, Tobin AE, Udy AA, Young PJ, Deane AM. The Effect of a liberal approach to glucose control in critically ill patients with Type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, parallel-group, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206: 87482. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0329OC.

64. Rao VS, Cowan S, Armour M, Smith CA, Cheema BS, Moran L, Lim S, Gupta S, Manincor M, Sreedhar V, Ee C. A Global Survey of Ethnic Indian Women Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Co-Morbidities, Concerns, Diagnosis Experiences, Quality of Life, and Use of Treatment Methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(23): doi: 10.3390/ ijerph192315850.

65. Reade MC, Marks DC, Howe B, McGuinness S, Parke R, Navarra L, Charlewood R, Johnson L, McQuilten Z, on behalf of the CLIPII and CLIPNZ-II investigators. Cryopreserved platelets compared with liquid-stored platelets for the treatment of surgical bleeding: protocol for two multicentre randomised controlled blinded non-inferiority trials (the CLIP-II and CLIPNZ-II trials). BMJ Open 2022; 12: e068933.

66. Reid AL, Bailey M, Harwood M, Moore JE, Young PJ. Outcomes for Maori and European patients admitted to New Zealand intensive care units between 2009 and 2018. NZ Med J 2022; 135(1550): 26-46.

67. Robba C, Badenes R, Battaglini D, Ball L, Brunetti I, Jakobsen JC, Lilja G, Friberg H, Wendel-Garcia PD, Young PJ, Eastwood G, Chew MS, Unden J, Thomas M, Joannidis M, Nichol A,

Lundin A, Hollenberg J, Hammond N, Saxena M, Annborn M, Solar M, Taccone FS, Dankiewicz J, Nielsen N, Pelosi P. Ventilatory settings in the initial 72 h and their association with outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48(8): 1024-38.

68. Robba C, Badenes R, Battaglini D, Ball L, Sanfilippo F, Brunetti I, Jakobsen JC, Lilja G, Friberg H, Wendel-Garcia PD, Young PJ, Eastwood G, Chew MS, Unden J, Thomas M, Joannidis M, Nichol A, Lundin A, Hollenberg J, Hammond N, Saxena M, Martin A, Solar M, Taccone FS, Dankiewicz J, Nielsen N, Grejs AM, Ebner F, Pelosi P. Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest: a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial. Crit Care 2022; 26(1): 323.

69. Ross J, Ramsay DP, Sutton-Smith LJ, Willink RD, Moore JE. Residual neuromuscular blockade in the ICU: a prospective observational study and national survey. Anaesthesia 2022; 77(9): 991-8.

70. Sabag A, Barr L, Armour M, Armstrong A, Baker CJ, Twigg SM, Chang D, Hackett DA, Keating SE, George J, Johnson NA. The effect of high-intensity interval training vs moderateintensity continuous training on liver fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107: 862-81.

71. Schlapbach LJ, Gibbons KS, Horton SB, Johnson K, Long DA, Buckley DHF, Erickson S, Festa M, d’Udekem Y, Alphonso N, Winlaw DS, Delzoppo C, van Loon K, Jones M, Young PJ, Butt W, Schibler A. Effect of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on ventilator-free days in young children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: The NITRIC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 328(1): 38-47.

72. Sheikhbahaei S, Kearns C, Jean J, Garg T. Malignant paraganglioma with brown adipose tissue activation. Radiographics 2022; 42(1): E14-E15.

73. Shortt N, Martin A, Kerse K, Shortt G, Vakalalabure I, Barker L, Singer J, Black B, Liu A, Eathorne A, Weatherall M, Rademaker M, Armour M, Beasley R, Semprini A. Efficacy of a 3% Kanuka oil cream for the treatment of moderate-to-severe eczema: A single blind randomised vehicle-controlled trial. eClinicalMedicine 2022; 51: 101561.

74. Simpson RFG, Dankiewicz J, Karamasis GV, Pelosi P, Haenggi M, Young PJ, Jakobsen JC, Bannard-Smith J, Wendel-Garcia PD, Taccone FS, Nordberg P, Wise MP, Grejs AM, Lilja G, Olsen RB, Cariou A, Lascarrou JB, Saxena M, Hovdenes J, Thomas M, Friberg H, Davies JR, Nielsen N, Keeble TR. Speed of cooling after cardiac arrest in relation to the intervention effect: a substudy from the TTM2-trial. Crit Care 2022; 26(1): 356.

75. Sinclair J, Armour S, Akowuah JA, Proudfoot A, Armour M. “Should I Inhale?” Perceptions, barriers, and drivers for medicinal cannabis use amongst australian women with primary dysmenorrhoea: a qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 10.3390/ ijerph19031536.

76. Sinclair J, Toufaili Y, Gock S, Pegorer AG, Wattle J, Franke M, Alzwayid M, Abbott J, Pate DW, Sarris J, Armour M. Cannabis use for endometriosis: clinical and legal challenges in Australia and New Zealand. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7(4): 464-72.

77. Slater A, Beca J, Croston E, McEniery J, Millar J, Norton L, Numa A, Schell D, Secombe P, Straney L, Young P, Yung M, Gabbe B, Shann F. Association between centralization and outcome for children admitted to Intensive Care in Australia and New Zealand: a populationbased cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23: 919-28.

78. Sweet DE, Wheeler CA, Kearns C, Marquis KM. Pulmonary light-chain deposition disease. Radiographics 2022; 42(5): E145-E146.

79. Tan E, Hoare K, Riley J, Fernando K, Haskell L, McKinlay CJ, Dalziel SR, Braithwaite I. Panic or peace — prioritising infant welfare when medicating feverish infants: a grounded theory study of adherence in a paediatric clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22: 195.

80. Te Ao B, Harwood M, Fu V, Weatherall M, McPherson K, Taylor WJ, McRae A, Thomson T, Gommans J, Green G, Ranta A, Hanger C, Riley J, McNaughton H. Economic analysis of the ‘Take Charge’ intervention for people following stroke: Results from a randomised trial. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36: 240-50.

81. Tewhaiti-Smith J, Semprini A, Bush D, Anderson A, Eathorne A, Johnson N, Girling J, East M, Marriott J, Armour M. An Aotearoa New Zealand survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 4425.

82. Thompson KJ, Young PJ, Venkatesh B, Cohen J, Finfer SR, Grattan S, Hammond NE, Jan S, Li Q, Di Tanna GL, McArthur C, Myburgh J,

Rajbhandari D, Taylor CB. Long-term costs and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive corticosteroids for patients with septic shock in New Zealand. Aust Crit Care 2022; 35: 241-50.

83. Thompson SG, Barber PA, Gommans

JH, Cadilhac DA, Davis A, Fink JN, Harwood M, Levack W, McNaughton H, Feigin VL, Abernethy V, Girvan J, Denison H, Corbin M, Wilson A, Douwes J, Ranta A. The impact of ethnicity on stroke care access and patient outcomes: a New Zealand nationwide observational study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 20: 100358.

84. Thompson SG, Barber PA, Gommans

JH, Cadilhac DA, Davis A, Fink JN, Harwood M, Levack W, McNaughton HK, Feigin VL, Abernethy V, Girvan J, Kim J, Denison H, Corbin M, Wilson A, Douwes J, Ranta A. Geographic disparities in stroke outcomes and service access: a prospective observational study. Neurology 2022; 99: e414-26.

85. Thompson S, Levack W, Douwes J, Girvan J, Abernethy G, Barber PA, Fink J, Gommans J, Davis A, Harwood M, Cadilhac DA, McNaughton H, Feigin V, Wilson A, Denison H, Corbin M, Kim J, Ranta A. Patient, carer and health worker perspectives of stroke care in New Zealand: a mixed methods survey. Disabil Rehabil 2022: 1-7.

86. Turner VL, Kearns C, Wattamwar K, McKenney AS. Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome. Radiographics 2022; 42(6): E167-E168.

87. van Diepen S, Coulson T, Wang X, Opgenorth D, Zuege DJ, Harris J, Agyemang M, Niven DJ, Bellomo R, Wright SE, Young PJ, Bagshaw SM. Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers in the cardiac surgical population: insights from the PEPTIC trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac124.

88. Wetterslev M, Moller MH, Granholm A, Hassager C, Haase N, Naz Aslam T, Shen J, Young PJ, Aneman A, Hastbacka J, Siegemund M, Cronhjort M, Lindqvist E, Myatra SN, Kalvit K, Arabi YM, Szczeklik W, Sigurdsson MI, Balik M, Keus F, Perner A. Management of acute atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit: an international survey. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66: 375-85.

89. Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators. Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 329(1): 39-51.

90. Young PJ, Arabi YM, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Fujii T, Haniffa T, Hodgson CL, Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan BK, Litton E, Mackle D, Nichol A, Kasza J, The Mega-ROX Management Committee, The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, The Crit Care Asia and Africa Network, The Irish Critical Care Clinical Trials Group, The Alberta Health Services Critical Care Strategic Clinical Network. Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the mega randomised registry trial research program comparing conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in adults receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU (Mega-ROX). Crit Care Resusc 2022; 24(2): 137-49.

91. Young PJ. Recent data and the French guidelines for choice of intravenous fluids for vascular filling. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2022: 41(3): 101100.

92. Young PJ, Hodgson CL, Rasmussen BS. Oxygen targets. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 732-5. 10.1007/s00134-022-06714-0.

93. Young PJ, Lamontagne F, Fujii T. Vitamin C in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48: 1621-4.

94. Young PJ, Mackle D, Hodgson C, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Beasley R, Deane AM, Eastwood G, Finfer S, Freebairn R, King V, Linke N, Litton E, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Panwar R. Conservative or liberal oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with acute brain pathologies: A post-hoc subgroup analysis. J Crit Care 2022; 71: 154079.

95. Zampieri FG, da Costa BR, Vaara ST, Lamontagne F, Rochwerg B, Nichol AD, McGuinness S, McAuley DF, Ostermann M, Wald R, Bagshaw SM. A Bayesian reanalysis of the Standard versus Accelerated Initiation of RenalReplacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial. Crit Care 2022; 26(1): 255.

2021

1. Aryal D, Beane A, Dondorp AM, Green C, Haniffa R, Hashmi M, Jayakumar D, Marshall JC, McArthur CJ, Murthy S, Webb SA, Acharya SP, Ishani PGP, Jawad I, Khanal S, Koirala K, Luitel S, Pabasara U, Paneru HR, Kumar A, Patel SS, Ramakrishnan N, Salahuddin N, Shaikh M, Tolppa T, Udayanga I, Umrani Z. Operationalisation of the Randomized Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform for COVID-19 trials in a low and lower-middle income critical care learning health system. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6: 14.

2. ATTACC Investigators; ACTIV-4a Investigators; REMAP-CAP Investigators. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19. NEJM/ New England Journal of Medicine. 2021 Aug 4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2105911.

3. Axfors C, Schmitt AM, Janiaud P, Van’t Hooft J, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdo EF, Abella BS, Akram J, Amaravadi RK, Angus DC, Arabi YM, Azhar S, Baden LR, Baker AW, Belkhir L, Benfield T, Berrevoets MAH, Chen CP, Chen TC, Cheng SH, Cheng CY, Chung WS, Cohen YZ, Cowan LN, Dalgard O, de Almeida EVFF, de Lacerda MVG, de Melo GC, Derde L, Dubee V, Elfakir A, Gordon AC, Hernandez-Cardenas CM, Hills T, Hoepelman AIM, Huang YW, Igau B, Jin R, Jurado-Camacho F, Khan KS, Kremsner PG, Kreuels B, Kuo CY, Le T, Lin YC, Lin WP, Lin TH, Lyngbakken MN, McArthur C, McVerry BJ, Meza-Meneses P, Monteiro WM, Morpeth SC, Mourad A, Mulligan MJ, Murthy S, Naggie S, Narayanasamy S, Nichol A, Novack LA, O’Brien SM, Okeke NL, Perez L, Perez-Padilla R, Perrin L, Remigio-Luna A, Rivera-Martinez NE, Rockhold FW, Rodriguez-Llamazares S, Rolfe R, Rosa R, Rosjo H, Sampaio VS, Seto TB, Shahzad M, Soliman S, Stout JE, Thirion-Romero I, Troxel AB, Tseng TY, Turner NA, Ulrich RJ, Walsh SR, Webb SA, Weehuizen JM, Velinova M, Wong HL, Wrenn R, Zampieri FG, Zhong W, Moher D, Goodman SN, Ioannidis JPA, Hemkens LG. Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Nat Commun 2021; 12: 2349.

4. Beasley R, Bruce P, Hatter L, Braithwaite I, Semprini A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Pavord ID. A proposed revision of the stepwise treatment algorithm in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 10.1164/rccm.2021010224LE.

5. Beasley R, Hills T, Kearns N. Asthma and COVID-19: preconceptions about predisposition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203: 799-801.

6. Beasley R, Weatherall M. The vexed problem of corticosteroid toxicity in asthma: time for standardized assessment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9: 373-4.

7. Braithwaite IE, Cai F, Tom JA, Galanter JM, Owen RP, Zhu R, Williams M, McGregor AG, Eliahu A, Durk MR, Dengler HS, Zak M, Kenny JR, Wilson ME, Beasley R, Chen H. Inhaled JAK inhibitor GDC-0214 reduces exhaled nitric oxide in patients with mild asthma: a randomized, controlled, proof-of-activity trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.042.

8. Brown S, Ball E, Lee YCG, Beasley R, Simpson G. Management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: less is more. Lancet 2021; 396(10267): 1973.

9. Chang AB, Beasley R. More options for managing severe asthma in adults. Lancet Respir Med 2021; 9: 3-5.

10. Duffy E, Arroll N, Beasley R, Hills T. Regulatory action to protect access to hydroxychloroquine for approved rheumatologic indications during COVID-19 in New Zealand. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 10.1002/ art.41643.

11. Gordon AC, Mouncey PR, Al-Beidh F, Rowan KM, Nichol AD, Arabi YM, Annane D, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry LR, Bhimani Z, Bonten MJM, Bradbury CA, Brunkhorst

FM, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, Detry MA, Duffy EJ, Estcourt LJ, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Haniffa

R, Higgins AM, Hills TE, Horvat CM, Lamontagne

F, Lawler PR, Leavis HL, Linstrum KM, Litton

E, Lorenzi E, Marshall JC, Mayr FB, McAuley

DF, McGlothlin A, McGuinness SP, McVerry BJ, Montgomery SK, Morpeth SC, Murthy S, Orr K, Parke RL, Parker JC, Patanwala AE, Pettila V, Rademaker E, Santos MS, Saunders CT, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Sligl WI, Turgeon AF, Turner AM, van de Veerdonk FL, Zarychanski R, Green C, Lewis RJ, Angus DC, McArthur CJ, Berry S, Webb SA, Derde LPG. Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384: 1491-502.

12. Hancox RJ, Jones S, Baggott C, Chen D, Corna N, Davies C, Fingleton J, Hardy J, Hussain S, Poot B, Reid J, Travers J, Turner J, Young R. New Zealand COPD Guidelines: Quick Reference Guide. NZ Med J 2021; 134(1530): www.nzma.org. nz/journal.

13. Harper JC, Kearns NA, Maijers I, Bird GE, Braithwaite I, Shortt NP, Eathorne A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Closed-loop oxygen control using a novel nasal high-flow device: a randomized crossover trial. Respir Care 2021; 66: 416-24.

14. Hatter L, Bruce P, Braithwaite I, Holliday M, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. ICS-formoterol reliever vs ICS and SABA reliever in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J Open Res 2021; 7: doi: 10.1183/23120541.00701-2020.

15. Karlsson N, Atkinson MJ, Müllervoa H, Alacqua M, Keen C, Hughes R, Janson C, Make B, Price D, Reddel HK for the NOVELTY study investigators. Validation of a diagnosisagnostic symptom questionnaire for asthma and/or COPD. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7: doi: 10.1183/23120541.00828-2020.

16. Kearns C. Contemporary evidence of art’s relevance to the modern plastic surgeon. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021: 74(4): 890930.

17. Kearns C, Kearns N, Braithwaite I, Shortt N, Eathorne A, Semprini A, Beasley R. Using comics and curiosity to drive pandemic research on a national scale. J Vis Commun Med 2021: 44(1): 12-22.

18. Kearns N, Shortt N, Kearns C, Eathorne A, Holliday M, Mackle D, Martindale J, Semprini A, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. How big is your bubble? Characteristics of selfisolating household units (‘bubbles’) during the COVID-19 Alert Level 4 period in New Zealand: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2021: 11(1): e042464.

19. Kung S, Doppen M, Black M, Braithwaite I, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Kearns N. Underestimation of COVID-19 mortality during the pandemic. ERJ Open Res 2021: 7(1).

20. Kung S, Doppen M, Black M, Hills T, Kearns N. Reduced mortality in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2021; 397: 25.

21. McNaughton H, Weatherall M, McPherson K, Fu V, Taylor WJ, McRae A, Thomson T, Gommans J, Green G, Harwood M, Ranta A, Hanger C, Riley J. The effect of the Take Charge intervention on mood, motivation, activation and risk factor management: Analysis of secondary data from the Taking Charge after Stroke (TaCAS) trial. Clin Rehabil 2021: 269215521993648.

22. Mistry R, Frei DR, Badenhorst C, Broadbent J. A survey of self-reported use of cricoid pressure amongst Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists: Attitudes and practice. Anaesth Intensive Care 2021; 49: 62-9.

23. O’Byrne PM, Reddel HK, Beasley R. The management of mild asthma. Eur Respir J 2021: 57(4).

24. Oldfield K, Ryan J, Doppen M, Kung S, Braithwaite I, Newton-Howes G. A systematic review of the label accuracy of cannabinoidbased products in regulated markets: is what’s on the label what’s in the product? Australas Psychiatry 2021: 29(1): 88-96.

25. Papi A, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, Hancox RJ, Harrison T, Holliday M, Houghton C, Morandi L, Oldfield K, Pavord ID, Reddel HK, Williams M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy in intermittent versus mild persistent asthma. Eur Respir J 2021: 57(2).

26. Parke RL, Gilder E, Gillham MJ, Walker LJC, Bailey MJ, McGuinness SP on behalf of the Fluids After Bypass Study Investigators. A multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial of a conservative fluid management strategy compared with usual care in participants after cardiac surgery: the Fluids After Bypass Study. Crit Care Med 2021; 49: 44961.

27. Pilcher JM, Kearns C, Beasley R. Searching for the optimal oxygen saturation range in acutely unwell patients. Emerg Med J 2021; 38: 168-9.

28. Ranta A, Thompson S, Harwood MLN, Cadilhac DA, Barber PA, Davis AJ, Gommans JH, Fink JN, McNaughton HK, Denison H, Corbin M, Feigin V, Abernethy V, Levack W, Douwes J, Girvan J, Wilson A. Reducing Ethnic and Geographic Inequities to Optimise New Zealand Stroke Care (REGIONS Care): Protocol for a Nationwide Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021: 10(1): e25374.

29. Reddel HK, Vestbo J, Agusti A, Anderson GP, Bansal AT, Beasley R, Bel EH, Janson C, Make B, Pavord ID, Price D, Rapsomaniki E, Karlsson N, Finch DK, Nuevo J, de Giorgio-Miller A, Alacqua M, Hughes R, Mullerova H, Gerhardsson de Verdier M. Heterogeneity within and between physician-diagnosed asthma and/or COPD: NOVELTY cohort. Eur Respir J 2021; doi: 10.1183/13993003.03927-2020.

30. REMAP-CAP, ACTIV-4a, and ATTACC Investigators. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 777-89. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa2103417.

31. REMAP-CAP Investigators. Lopinavirritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021; 47: 867-86.

32. Shaw DE, Heaney LG, Thomas M, Beasley R, Gibson PG, Pavord ID. Balancing the needs of the many and the few: where next for adult asthma guidelines? Lancet Respir Med 2021; doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00021-7.

33. Wetterslev M, Moller MH, Granholm A, Haase N, Hassager C, Lange T, Hastbacka J, Wilkman E, Myatra SN, Shen J, An Y, Siegemund M, Young PJ, Aslam TN, Szczeklik W, Aneman A, Arabi YM, Cronhjort M, Keus F, Perner A. Newonset atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit: Protocol for an international inception cohort study (AFIB-ICU). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021.

34. Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators. Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021; 326: 1690–702.

2020

1. Alhazzani W, Belley-Cote E, Moller MH, Angus DC, Papazian L, Arabi YM, Citerio

G, Connolly B, Denehy L, Fox-Robichaud A, Hough CL, Laake JH, Machado FR, Ostermann M, Piraino T, Sharif S, Szczeklik W, Young PJ, Gouskos A, Kiedrowski K, Burns KEA. Neuromuscular blockade in patients with ARDS: a rapid practice guideline. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 1977-86.

2. Angus DC, Berry S, Lewis RJ, Al-Beidh F, Arabi Y, van Bentum-Puijk W, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Broglio K, Brunkhorst F, Cheng AC, Chiche

JD, De Jong M, Detry M, Goossens H, Gordon

A, Green C, Higgins AM, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Litton E, Marshall J, McGlothlin

A, McGuinness S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol

A, O’Neill GK, Parke R, Parker J, Rohde G, Rowan

K, Turner A, Young P, Derde L, McArthur C, Webb

SA. The Randomized Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform for Community-acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) Study: Rationale and design. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 17: 879-91.

3. Angus DC, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, Annane

D, Arabi Y, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry

L, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst

F, Buxton M, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, de Jong M, Detry M, Estcourt L, Fitzgerald M, Goossens

H, Green C, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Horvat C, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Linstrum K, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall J, McAuley D, McGlothin A, McGuinness S, McVerry

B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol

A, Parke R, Parker J, Rowan K, Sanil A, Santos

M, Saunders C, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Venkatesh B, Zarychanski R, Berry

S, Lewis RJ, McArthur C, Webb SA, Gordon AC. Effect of hydrocortisone on mortality and organ support in patients with severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain

Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 324: 1317-29.

4. ARISE Fluids Investigators. The Australasian Resuscitation In Sepsis Evaluation: Fluids or vasopressors in emergency department sepsis (ARISE FLUIDS), a multicentre observational study describing current practice in Australia and New Zealand. Emerg Med Australas 2020; 32: 586-98.

5. Armour M, Semprini A, Ee C, MacCullagh L, Shortt N. Efficacy of a topical herbal and mineral formulation (Dynamiclear) for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis in the community setting: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e031876.

6. Armour M, Sinclair J, Noller G, Girling J, Larcombe M, Al-Dabbas MA, Hollow E, Bush D, Johnson N. Illicit Cannabis Usage as a Management Strategy in New Zealand Women with Endometriosis: An Online Survey. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020.

7. Baggott C, Beasley R. Asthma in the anti-inflammatory reliever therapy era. Lancet Respir Med 2020; doi.org/10.1016/S22132600(20)30465-3.

8. Baggott C, Chan A, Hurford S, Fingleton J, Beasley R, Harwood M, Reddel HK, Levack WMM. Patient preferences for asthma management: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e037491.

9. Baggott C, Hansen P, Hancox RJ, Hardy JK, Sparks J, Holliday M, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Reddel HK, Fingleton J. What matters most to patients when choosing treatment for mildmoderate asthma? Results from a discrete choice experiment. Thorax 2020: 75(10): 842-8.

10. Baggott C, Hardy J, Sparks J, Holliday M, Hall D, Vohlidkova A, Hancox RJ, Weatherall M, Fingleton J, Beasley R. Self-titration of inhaled corticosteroid and ß2-agonist in response to symptoms in mild asthma – prespecified analysis from the PRACTICAL study, a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2020; 56(4): 2000170.

11. Baggott C, Reddel HK, Hardy J, Sparks J, Holliday M, Corin A, Montgomery B, Reid J, Sheahan D, Hancox RJ, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Fingleton J. Patient preferences for symptomdriven or regular preventer treatment in mild to moderate asthma — findings from the PRACTICAL study, a randomised clinical trial. Eur Respir J 2020; 55(4): 1902073.

12. Bagshaw SM, Wald R, Adhikari NKJ, Bellomo R, da Costa BR, Dreyfuss D, Du B, Gallagher MP, Gaudry S, Hoste EA, Lamontagne

F, Joannidis M, Landoni G, Liu KD, McAuley DF, McGuinness SP, Neyra JA, Nichol AD, Ostermann

M, Palevsky PM, Pettila V, Quenot JP, Qiu H, Rochwerg B, Schneider AG, Smith OM, Thome

F, Thorpe KE, Vaara S, Weir M, Wang AY, Young

P, Zarbock A. Timing of initiation of renalreplacement therapy in acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 240-51.

13. Beasley R, Beckert L, Fingleton J, Hancox RJ, Harwood M, Hurst M, Jones S, Kearns C, McNamara D, Poot B, Reid J. Asthma and Respiratory Foundation NZ Adolescent and Adult Asthma Guidelines 2020: a quick reference guide. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 73-99.

14. Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Semprini

A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Harrison T, Papi A, Pavord ID. Achieving the balance between evidence and simplicity. Eur Respir J 2020; 55(4): 2000651.

15. Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Semprini A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Harrison TW, Papi A, Pavord ID. ICS-formoterol reliever therapy stepwise treatment algorithm for adult asthma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55(1): 1901407.

16. Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Semprini A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Pavord ID. Optimal asthma control: time for a new target. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: 1480-7.

17. Beasley R, Gibson P. Twenty-five years of Respirology: Advances in asthma. Respirology 2020; 25: 11-13.

18. Beasley R, Hancox RJ. Reducing the burden of asthma: time to set research and clinical priorities. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: 943-4.

19. Beasley R, Harper J, Masoli M. Antiinterleukin-5 therapy in patients with severe asthma: from clinical trials to clinical practice. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: 425-7.

20. Bellomo R, Wunderink RG, Szerlip H, English SW, Busse LW, Deane AM, Khanna AK, McCurdy MT, Ostermann M, Young PJ, Handisides DR, Chawla LS, Tidmarsh GF, Albertson TE. Angiotensin I and angiotensin II concentrations and their ratio in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock. Crit Care 2020; 24: 43.

21. Berenyi F, Steinfort DP, Ali Abdelhamid Y, Bailey MJ, Pilcher DV, Bellomo R, Finnis ME, Young PJ, Deane AM. Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia and New Zealand. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 17: 736-45.

22. Berg MVD, John M, Black M, Semprini A, Oldfield K, Glass M, Braithwaite I. Cannabisbased medicinal products in arthritis, a painful conundrum. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 35-45.

23. Bhagavan C, Kung S, Doppen M, John M, Vakalalabure I, Oldfield K, Braithwaite I, Newton-Howes G. Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CNS Drugs 2020: 34(12): 1217-1228.

24. Boudewijn IM, Lan A, Faiz A, Cox CA, Brouwer S, Schokker S, Vroegop SJ, Nawijn MC, Woodruff PG, Christenson SA, Hagedoorn P, Frijlink HW, Choy DF, Brouwer U, Wisman M, Postma DS, Fingleton J, Beasley R, van den Berge M, Guryev V. Nasal gene expression changes with inhaled corticosteroid treatment in asthma. Allergy 2020; 75: 191-4.

25. Braithwaite I, Bhagavan C, Doppen M, Kung S, Oldfield K, Newton-Howes G. Medicinal applications of cannabis/cannabinoids. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 38: 1-10.

26. Brown SGA, Ball EL, Perrin K, Asha SE, Braithwaite I, Egerton-Warburton D, Jones PG, Keijzers G, Kinnear FB, Kwan BCH, Lam KV, Lee YCG, Nowitz M, Read CA, Simpson G, Smith JA, Summers QA, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Conservative versus Interventional Treatment for Spontaneous Pneumothorax. N Engl J Med 2020: 382(5): 405-15.

27. Brown SGA, Perrin K, Ball EL. Treatment for Pneumothorax [Correspondence Reply]. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(18): 176.

28. Bruce P, Hatter L, Beasley R. Antiinflammatory reliever therapy in asthma: the evidence mounts but more is needed. Respirol 2020; 25: 776-8.

29. Carr AC, Spencer E, Mackle D, Hunt A, Judd H, Mehrtens J, Parker K, Stockwell Z, Gale C, Beaumont M, Kaur S, Bihari S, Young PJ. The effect of conservative oxygen therapy on systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress in critically ill patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160: 13-8.

30. Conway A, Collins P, Chang K, Mafeld S, Sutherland J, Fingleton J, Parotto M. Pre-apneic capnography waveform abnormalities during procedural sedation and analgesia. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 34: 1061-8.

31. Darvall JN, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Paul E, Young PJ, Rockwood K, Pilcher D. Frailty and outcomes from pneumonia in critical illness: a population-based cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: 730-8.

32. Darvall JN, Bellomo R, Young PJ, Rockwood K, Pilcher D. Frailty and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Public Health 2020: 5(11): e580.

33. Deane AM, Little L, Bellomo R, Chapman MJ, Davies AR, Ferrie S, Horowitz M, Hurford S, Lange K, Litton E, Mackle D, O’Connor S, Parker J, Peake SL, Presneill JJ, Ridley EJ, Singh V, van Haren F, Williams P, Young P, Iwashyna TJ. Outcomes six-months after

100% or 70% of enteral calorie requirements during critical illness (TARGET): a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: 814-22.

34. Foster JM, Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Harrison T, Holliday M, Pavord I, Reddel HK. Patient experiences of as-needed budesonideformoterol by Turbuhaler® for treatment of mild asthma; a qualitative study. Respir Med 2020; 175: 106154.

35. Frei D, Young PJ. Where to from here with recommendations for perioperative oxygen therapy? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020; 39: 755-7.

36. Fu V, Weatherall M, McPherson K, Taylor W, McRae A, Thomson T, Gommans J, Green G, Harwood M, Ranta A, Hanger C, Riley J, McNaughton H. Taking Charge after Stroke: A randomized controlled trial of a person-centered, self-directed rehabilitation intervention. Int J Stroke 2020; 1747493020915144.

37. Fujii T, Luethi N, Young PJ, Frei DR, Eastwood GM, French CJ, Deane AM, Shehabi Y, Hajjar LA, Oliveira G, Udy AA, Orford N, Edney SJ, Hunt AL, Judd HL, Bitker L, Cioccari L, Naorungroj T, Yanase F, Bates S, McGain F, Hudson EP, Al-Bassam W, Dwivedi DB, Peppin C, McCracken P, Orosz J, Bailey M, Bellomo R. Effect of vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine vs hydrocortisone alone on time alive and free of vasopressor support among patients with septic shock: The VITAMINS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 423-31.

38. Gilder E, McGuinness SP, Cavadino A, Jull A, Parke RL. Avoidance of Routine Endotracheal suction in subjects ventilated for ≤12 h following elective cardiac surgery. Respir Care 2020; 65: 1838-46.

39. Hardy J, Tewhaiti-Smith J, Baggott C, Fingleton J, Semprini A, Holliday M, Hancox RJ, Weatherall M, Harwood M. Combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as sole reliever therapy in Māori and Pacific people with mild and moderate asthma. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 6172.

40. Harhay MO, Young PJ, Shankar-Hari M. Could stress ulcer prophylaxis increase mortality in high-acuity patients? Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 793-5.

41. Heaney J, Paul E, Pilcher D, Lin C, Udy A, Young PJ. Outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units following a cardiac arrest. Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 237-44.

42. Hills T, Arroll N, Duffy E, Capstick J, Jordan A, Fitzharris P. Penicillin allergy de-labelling results in significant changes in antibiotic prescribing patterns. Frontiers in Allergy 2020; doi: 10.3389/falgy.2020.586301.

43. Hills T, Beasley R. The history and future of short-acting beta2-agonist therapy in asthma. Respirology 2020; 25: 246-8.

44. Hills T, Kearns N, Kearns C, Beasley

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45. Jakobsen JC, Dankiewicz J, Lange

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46. Kearns C, Baggott C, Harwood M, Reid

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47. Kearns C, Fisher D, Chong YS. The infective nurture of pandemic comics. Lancet 2020; doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32550-2

48. Kearns C, Kearns N. The role of comics in public health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Visual Comm Med 2020; doi: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1761248.

49. Kearns C, Kearns N, Paisley AM. The art of consent: visual materials help adult patients make informed choices about surgical care. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43: 76-83.

50. Kearns N, Kearns C, Beasley R. From Osler to personalized medicine in obstructive airways disease. Respirol 2020; 25: 781-3.

51. Kearns N, Maijers I, Harper J, Beasley R, Weatherall M. Inhaled corticosteroids in acute asthma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8: 605-17 e606.

52. Kung SM, Fink PW, Legg SJ, Ali A, Shultz SP. Age-related differences in perceived exertion while walking and running near the preferred transition speed. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 1-6.

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54. Mackle D, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Beasley R, Deane A, Eastwood G, Finfer S, Freebairn R, King V, Linke N, Litton E, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Panwar R, Young P. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults in the Intensive Care Unit. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 989-98.

55. Maijers I, Kearns N, Harper J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Oral steroid-sparing effect of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55(1): 1901147.

56. Martin MJ, Beasley R, Harrison TW. Towards a personalised treatment approach for asthma attacks. Thorax 2020; 75: 1119-29.

57. Masse MH, Menard J, Sprague S, Battista MC, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Heyland DK, Kanji S, Pinto R, Day AG, Cohen D, Annane D, McGuinness S, Parke R, Carr A, Arabi Y, Vijayaraghavan BKT, D’Aragon F, Carbonneau E, Maslove D, Hunt M, Rochwerg B, Millen T, Chasse M, Lebrasseur M, Archambault P, Deblois E, Drouin C, Lellouche F, Lizotte P, Watpool I, Porteous R, Clarke F, Marinoff N, Belley-Cote E, Bolduc B, Walker S, Iazzetta J, Adhikari NKJ, Lamontagne F. Lessening Organ dysfunction with VITamin C (LOVIT): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21: 42.

58. McNaughton A, Levack W, McNaughton H. Taking charge: a proposed psychological intervention to improve pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes for people with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15: 212733.

59. Oldfield K, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Eathorne A, Newton-Howes G, Semprini A. Medical cannabis: knowledge and expectations in a cohort of North Island New Zealand general practitioners. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 12-28.

60. Oldfield K, Eathorne A, Maijers I, Beasley R, Semprini A, Braithwaite I. Knowledge and perspectives about the use of cannabis as a medicine: a mixed methods observational study in a cohort of New Zealand general practice patients. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 96-111.

61. Oldfield K, Eathorne A, TewhaitiSmith, Beasley R, Semprini A, Braithwaite I. Experiences, patient interactions and knowledge regarding the use of cannabis as a medicine in a cohort of New Zealand doctors in an oncology setting. Postgrad Med J 2020; 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139013.

62. Pavord ID, Holliday M, Reddel HK, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, Hancox RJ, Harrison T, Houghton C, Oldfield K, Papi A, Williams M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Predictive value of blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide in adults with mild asthma: a prespecified subgroup analysis of an open-label, parallelgroup, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: 671-80.

63. Peng S, Huang L, Zhao B, Zhou S, Braithwaite I, Zhang N, Fu X. Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160: 585-92. e2.

64. Pilcher J, Ploen L, McKinstry S, Bardsley G, Chien J, Howard L, Lee S, Beckert L, Swanney M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A multicentre prospective observational study comparing arterial blood gas values to those obtained by pulse oximeters used in adult patients attending Australian and New Zealand hospitals. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20: 7.

65. Pilcher J, Thayabaran D, Ebmeier S, Williams M, Back G, Collie H, Richards M, Bibby S, Semprini R, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of 50% oxygen on PtCO2 in patients with stable COPD, bronchiectasis, and neuromuscular disease or kyphoscoliosis: randomised cross-over trials. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20: 125.

66. Poole AP, Finnis ME, Anstey J, Bellomo R, Bihari S, Biradar V, Doherty S, Eastwood G, Finfer S, French CJ, Ghosh A, Heller S, Horowitz M, Kar P, Kruger PS, Maiden MJ, Martensson J, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Secombe PJ, Tobin AE, Udy AA, Young PJ, Deane AM. Study protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Liberal Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes (LUCID) trial. Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 133-41.

67. Reid AL, Chapman MJ, Peake SL, Bellomo R, Davies A, Deane AM, Horowitz M, Hurford S, Lange K, Little L, Mackle D, O’Connor SN, Ridley EJ, Williams PJ, Young PJ. Energydense vs routine enteral nutrition in New Zealand Europeans, Māori, and Pacific Peoples who are critically ill. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 72-82.

68. Reid A, Young P. What intensivists can learn from geriatric medicine. ICU Management and Practice 2020; 20(3).

69. Tan E, Braithwaite I, McKinlay C, Riley J, Hoare K, Okesene-Gafa K, Semprini A, Sheridan N, Grant C, Johnson D, Weatherall M, Asher I, Beasley R, Dalziel SR. Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol or ibuprofen, as required for fever and pain in the first year of life, for prevention of asthma at age 6 years: paracetamol or ibuprofen in the primary prevention of asthma in Tamariki (PIPPA Tamariki) protocol. BMJ Open 2020: 10(12): e038296.

70. Thompson S, Barber PA, Fink J, Gommans J, David A, Harwood M, Douwes J, Cadilhac DA, McNaughton H, Girvan J, Abernethy G, Feigin V, Wilson A, Denison H, Corbin M, Levack W, Ranta A. New Zealand hospital stroke service provision. NZ Med J 2020; 133(1526).

71. Van den Berg M, John M, Black M, Semprini A, Oldfield K, Glass M, Braithwaite I. Cannabis-based products in arthritis: a painful conundrum. NZ Med J 2020; 133: 35-45.

72. Warrillow S, Fisher C, Tibballs H, Bailey M, McArthur C, Lawson-Smith P, Prasad B, Anstey M, Venkatesh B, Dashwood G, Walsham J, Holt A, Wiersema U, Gattas D, Zoeller M, Garcia Alvarez M, Bellomo R. Continuous renal replacement therapy and its impact on hyperammonaemia in acute liver failure. Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 158-65.

73. Warrillow S, Fisher C, Tibballs H, Bailey M, McArthur C, Lawson-Smith P, Prasad B, Anstey M, Venkatesh B, Dashwood G, Walsham J, Holt A, Wiersema U, Gattas D, Zoeller M, Garcia Alvarez M, Bellomo R. Coagulation abnormalities, bleeding, thrombosis, and management of patients with acute liver failure in Australia and New Zealand. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35: 846-54.

74. Wilson AJ, Magee F, Bailey M, Pilcher DV, French C, Nichol A, Udy A, Hodgson CL, Cooper DJ, Reade MC, Young P, Bellomo R. Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill trauma patients in Australia and New Zealand (2005-2017). Crit Care Med 2020; 48: 717-24.

75. Yanase F, Bitker L, Hessels L, Osawa E, Naorungroj T, Cutuli SL, Young PJ, Ritzema J, Hill G, Latimer-Bell C, Hunt A, Eastwood GM, Hilton A, Bellomo R. A pilot, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of high-dose intravenous vitamin C for vasoplegia after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34: 409-16.

76. Yanase F, Fujii T, Naorungroj T, Belletti A, Luethi N, Carr AC, Young PJ, Bellomo R. Harm of IV high-dose vitamin C therapy in adult patients: a scoping review. Crit Care Med 2020; 48: e620-e628.

77. Young PJ. Hydrocortisone in septic shock: is it worth it? Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 189-90.

78. Young PJ, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Nichol AD, Wright SE. The implications of the PEPTIC trial for clinical practice. Crit Care Resusc. 2020; 22: 4-5.

79. Young PJ, Bagshaw SM, Forbes AB, Nichol AD, Wright SE, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Beasley R, Brickell K, Eastwood GM, Gattas DJ, van Haren F, Litton E, Mackle DM, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Mouncey PR, Navarra L, Opgenorth D, Pilcher D, Saxena MK, Webb SA, Wiley D, Rowan KM. Effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors vs histamine-2 receptor blockers on in-hospital mortality among ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: The PEPTIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 323: 616-26.

80. Young PJ, Bagshaw SM, Forbes AB, Nichol AD, Wright SE, Bellomo R, van Haren F, Litton E, Webb SA. Opportunities and challenges of clustering, crossing over, and using registry data in the PEPTIC trial. Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 105-9.

81. Young PJ, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Bernard S, Bray J, Jakkula P, Kuisma M, Mackle D, Martin D, Nolan JP, Panwar R, Reinikainen M, Skrifvars MB, Thomas M. Conservative or liberal oxygen therapy in adults after cardiac arrest: An individual-level patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Resuscitation 2020: 157: 15-22.

82. Young PJ, Gladwin B, Psirides A, Reid A. Unplanned admissions to the Wellington Hospital intensive care unit before, during and after New Zealand’s COVID-19 lockdown. NZ Med J 2020: 133(1527): 95-103.

83. Young PJ. Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for ICU Patients-Reply. JAMA 2020; 324: 102-3.

84. Young P, Mackle D, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Beasley R, Deane A, Eastwood G, Finfer S, Freebairn R, King V, Linke N, Litton E, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Panwar R. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with sepsis: a post hoc analysis of data from the intensive care unit randomized trial comparing two approaches to oxygen therapy (ICU-ROX). Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 17-26.

85. Young P, Mackle D, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Beasley R, Deane A, Eastwood G, Finfer S, Freebairn R, King V, Linke N, Litton E, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Panwar R. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 2411-22.

86. Young P, Mackle D, Bellomo R. Oxygen therapy in the ICU. Reply. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 2578.

87. Young PJ, Nickson CP, Perner A. When should clinicians act on non-statistically significant results from clinical trials? JAMA 2020; doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3508.

88. Young PJ, Nickson CP, Perner A. Evaluating Non-Statistically Significant Results From Trials in Practice-Reply. JAMA 2020; 324(16): 1680.

2019

1. Baggott C, Beasley R. Triaging treatable traits in asthma. Respirology 2019: 24(1): 5-6.

2. Beasley R, Bird G, Harper J, Weatherall M. Asthma paradoxes: time for a new approach across the spectrum of asthma severity. Eur Respir J 2019; 53(4): 180239.

3. Beasley R, Harper J, Bird G, Dunphy H, Semprini A, Pavord ID, Papi A, Weatherall M. Dose-response relationship of ICS/fast-onset LABA as reliever therapy in asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2019: 19: 264.

4. Beasley R, Harper J, Bird G, Maijers I, Weatherall M, Pavord ID. Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy in Adult Asthma: Time for a New Therapeutic Dose Terminology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199: 1471-7.

5. Beasley R, Holliday M, Reddel HK, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, Hancox RJ, Harrison T, Houghton C, Oldfield K, Papi A, Pavord ID, Williams M, Weatherall M. Controlled trial of budesonide-formoterol as needed for mild asthma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 2020-30.

6. Beasley R, Mackle D, Young P. Oxygen: a new look at an old therapy. J Roy Soc NZ 2019; 49: 126-42.

7. Beasley R, Mackle D. Increased risk of mortality with liberal oxygen therapy compared with conservative oxygen therapy in critically ill adults. BMJ Evid Based Med 2019; 24: 113-4

8. Bird G, Braithwaite I, Harper J, McKinstry S, Koorevaar I, Fingleton J, Semprini A, Dilcher M, Jennings L, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Protocol for a randomised, single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group controlled trail of the efficacy of rhinothermy delivered by nasal high flow therapy in the treatment of the common cold. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e028098.

9. Braithwaite I, Newton-Howes G, Oldfield K, Semprini A. Cannabis-based medicinal products and the role of the doctor: should we be cautious or cautiously optimistic? NZ Med J 2019; 132: 82-8.

10. Chalmers C, Leathem J, Bennett S, McNaughton H, Mahawish K. The efficacy of problem solving therapy to reduce post stroke emotional distress in younger (18-65) stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 41: 753-62.

11. Conway A, Collins P, Chang K, Mafeld S, Sutherland J, Fingleton J. Sequence analysis of capnography waveform abnormalities during nurse-administered procedural sedation and analgesia in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 10214.

12. Conway A, Tipton E, Liu WH, Conway Z, Soalheira K, Sutherland J, Fingleton J. Accuracy and precision of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Thorax 2019; 74: 157-63.

13. Dankiewicz J, Cronberg T, Lilja G, Jakobsen JC, Belohlavek J, Callaway C, Cariou

A, Eastwood G, Erlinge D, Hovdenes J, Joannidis

M, Kirkegaard H, Kuiper M, Levin H, Morgan MPG, Nichol AD, Nordberg P, Oddo M, Pelosi P, Rylander C, Saxena M, Storm C, Taccone F, Ullen S, Wise MP, Young P, Friberg H, Nielsen

N. Targeted hypothermia versus targeted Normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2): A randomized clinical trialRationale and design. Am Heart J 2019; 217: 23-31.

14. Denton E, Hore-Lacy F, Radhakrishna

N, Gilbert A, Tay T, Lee J, Dabscheck E, Harvey ES, Bulathsinhala L, Fingleton J, Price D, Gibson PG, O’Hehir R, Hew M. Severe Asthma Global Evaluation (SAGE): An Electronic Platform for Severe Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 7: 1440-9.

15. Frei DR, Beasley R, Campbell D, Leslie K, Merry AF, Moore M, Myles PS, RuawaiHamilton L, Short TG, Young PJ. Practice patterns and perceptions of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists towards perioperative oxygen therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 47(3): 288-94.

16. Fujii T, Belletti A, Carr A, Furukawa TA, Luethi N, Putzu A, Sartini C, Salanti G, Tsujimoto Y, Udy AA, Young PJ, Bellomo R. Vitamin C therapy for patients with sepsis or septic shock: a protocol for a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e033458.

17. Fujii T, Udy AA, Deane AM, Luethi N, Bailey M, Eastwood GM, Frei D, French C, Orford N, Shehabi Y, Young PJ, Bellomo R. Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone and Thiamine in Patients with Septic Shock (VITAMINS) trial: study protocol and statistical analysis plan. Crit Care Resusc 2019; 21(2): 119-25.

18. Gilder E, Parke RL, McGuinness S, Jull A. Study protocol: A randomized controlled trial assessing the avoidance of endotracheal suction in cardiac surgical patients ventilated for ≤12 hr. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75: 2006-14.

19. Hammond NE, Bellomo R, Gallagher M, Gattas D, Glass P, Mackle D, Micallef S, Myburgh J, Saxena M, Taylor C, Young P, Finfer S. The Plasma-Lyte 148 versus Saline (PLUS) study protocol amendment. Crit Care Resusc 2019; 21: 284-6.

20. Hardy J, Baggott C, Fingleton J, Reddel HK, Hancox RJ, Harwood M, Corin A, Sparks J, Hall D, Sabbagh D, Mane S, Vohlidkova A, Martindale J, Williams M, Shirtcliffe P, Holliday M, Weatherall M, Beasley R, on behalf of the PRACTICAL study team. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy versus maintenance budesonide plus terbutaline reliever therapy in adults with mild to moderate asthma (PRACTICAL): a 52-week, open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 394: 919-28.

21. Hessels L, Coulson TG, Seevanayagam S, Young P, Pilcher D, Marhoon N, Bellomo R. Development and Validation of a Score to Identify Cardiac Surgery Patients at High Risk of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33: 2709-16.

22. Landoni G, Pieri M, Young PJ, Bellomo R. Why do multicenter randomized controlled trials not confirm the positive findings of single center randomized controlled trials in acute care? Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 85(2): 194-200.

23. Mackle D, Nelson K. Research nurses in New Zealand intensive care units: A qualitative descriptive study. Aust Crit Care 2019; 32(2): 148-54.

24. Magee F, Wilson A, Bailey MJ, Pilcher D, Secombe PJ, Young P, Bellomo R. Traumarelated admissions to intensive care units in Australia: the influence of Indigenous status on outcomes. Med J Aust 2019; 210: 493-8.

25. McDonald VM, Fingleton J, Agusti A, Hiles SA, Clark VL, Holland AE, Marks GB, Bardin PP, Beasley R, Pavord ID, Wark PAB, Gibson PG. Treatable traits: a new paradigm for 21st century management of chronic

airway diseases: Treatable Traits Down Under International Workshop report. Eur Respir J 2019; 53(5): 10.1183/13993003.02058-2018.

26. McKinstry S, Singer J, Baarsma JP, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Fingleton J. Nasal high-flow therapy compared with non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. Respirology 2019; 24: 1081-7.

27. Morales E, Strachan D, Asher I, Ellwood P, Pearce N, Garcia-Marcos L. Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children: ISAAC phase III. Thorax 2019; 74: 531-8.

28. Pappacena S, Bailey M, Cabrini L, Landoni G, Udy A, Pilcher DV, Young P, Bellomo R. Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 85: 830-9.

29. Reddel HK, Gerhardsson de Verdier M, Agusti A, Anderson G, Beasley R, Bel EH, Janson C, Make B, Martin RJ, Pavord I, Price D, Keen C, Gardev A, Rennard S, Sveréus A, Bansal AT, Brannman L, Karlsson N, Nuevo J, Nyberg F, Young SS, Vestbo J. Prospective observational study in patients with obstructive lung disease: NOVELTY design. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5: 000362018.

30. Ridley EJ, Parke RL, Davies AR, Bailey M, Hodgson C, Deane AM, McGuinness S, Cooper DJ. What Happens to Nutrition Intake in the Post-Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization Period? An Observational Cohort Study in Critically Ill Adults. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43(1): 88-95.

31. Sabbagh D, Beasley R, Marks G. The immunological mysteries of tuberculosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 7: 649-50.

32. Schlapbach LJ, Horton SB, Long DA, Beca J, Erickson S, Festa M, d’Udekem Y, Alphonso N, Winlaw D, Johnson K, Delzoppo C, van Loon K, Gannon B, Fooken J, Blumenthal A, Young P, Jones M, Butt W, Schibler A. Study protocol: NITric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass to improve Recovery in Infants with Congenital heart defects (NITRIC trial): a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e026664.

33. Semprini A, Singer J, Braithwaite I, Shortt N, Thayabaran D, McConnell M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Kanuka honey versus acyclovir for the topical treatment of herpes simplex labialis: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e026201.

34. Semprini R, Shortt N, Ebmeier S, Semprini A, Varughese R, Holweg CTJ, Matthews JG, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Change in biomarkers of type-2 inflammation following severe exacerbations of asthma. Thorax 2019; 74: 95-8.

35. Sheehan TJ, Hamnett HJ, Beasley R, Fitzmaurice PS. Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand. Forensic Sci Res 2019; 4(2): 168-78.

36. Warrillow S, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Kazemi A, McArthur C, Young P, Bellomo R. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute liver failure admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Intern Med J 2019; 49: 874-85.

37. Warrillow S, Tibballs H, Bailey M, McArthur C, Lawson-Smith P, Prasad B, Anstey M, Venkatesh B, Dashwood G, Walsham J, Holt A, Wiersema U, Gattas D, Zoeller M, Garcia Alvarez M, Bellomo R. Characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with acute liver failure admitted to Australasian intensive care units. Crit Care Resusc 2019; 21: 188-99.

38. Webster M, Stewart R, Aagaard N, McArthur C. The learning health system: trial design and participant consent in comparative effectiveness research. Eur Heart J 2019; 40(15): 1236-40.

39. Weinkove R, Bowden E, Wood C, Campion V, Carter J, Hall R, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Young P. A randomized controlled feasibility trial of paracetamol during febrile neutropenia in hemato-oncology patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60: 1540-7.

40. Young PJ. Balanced crystalloids or 0.9% saline in sepsis. Beyond reasonable doubt? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200: 1456-8.

41. Young PJ, Bagshaw SM, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Mackle D, Pilcher D, Landoni G, Nichol A, Martin D. O2, do we know what to do? Crit Care Resusc 2019; 21: 230-2.

42. Young PJ, Bailey MJ, Bass F, Beasley RW, Freebairn RC, Hammond NE, van Haren FMP, Harward ML, Henderson SJ, Mackle DM, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Myburgh JA, Saxena MK, Turner AM, Webb SAR, Bellomo R. Randomised evaluation of active control of temperature versus ordinary temperature management (REACTOR) trial. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 1382-91.

43. Young PJ, Bellomo R. The risk of hyperoxemia in ICU patients. Much ado about O2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200: 1333-5.

44. Young PJ, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Niven DJ, Schortgen F, Saxena M, Beasley R, Weatherall M. Fever control in critically ill adults. An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 468-76.

45. Young PJ, Delaney A, Venkatesh B. Vasopressin in septic shock: what we know and where to next? Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 902-3.

46. Young PJ, Prescott HC. When less is more in the active management of elevated body temperature of ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 1275-8.

47. Young PJ. Is sepsis treatment heating up? Crit Care Resusc 2019; 21: 85-6.

2018

1. Abrams D, Garan AR, Abdelbary A, Bacchetta M, Bartlett RH, Beck J, Belohlavek J, Chen YS, Fan E, Ferguson ND, Fowles JA, Fraser J, Gong M, Hassan IF, Hodgson C, Hou X, Hryniewicz K, Ichiba S, Jakobleff WA, Lorusso R, MacLaren G, McGuinness S, Mueller T, Park PK, Peek G, Pellegrino V, Price S, Rosenzweig EB, Sakamoto T, Salazar L, Schmidt M, Slutsky AS, Spaulding C, Takayama H, Takeda K, Vuylsteke A, Combes A, Brodie D. Position paper for the organization of ECMO programs for cardiac failure in adults. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44: 717-29.

2. Al-Bassam W, Kubicki M, Bailey M, Walker L, Young P, Pilcher DV, Bellomo R. Characteristics, incidence, and outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with myasthenia gravis. J Crit Care 2018; 45: 904.

3. Bardsley G, Daley-Yates P, Baines A, Kempsford R, Williams M, Mallon T, Braithwaite I, Riddell K, Joshi S, Bareille P, Beasley R, Fingleton J. Anti-inflammatory duration of action of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol trifenatate in asthma: a cross-over randomised controlled trial. Respir Res 2018;19: 133.

4. Bardsley G, Pilcher J, McKinstry S, Shirtcliffe P, Berry J, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Oxygen versus air-driven nebulisers for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med 2018;18: 157.

5. Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Fingleton J, Weatherall M. The inhaled corticosteroid/ long-acting ß-agonist maintenance and reliever therapy regimen: where to from here? [Editorial]. Eur Respir J 2018; 51: 1702338.

6. Braithwaite I, Semprini R, Beasley R. The clinical relevance of periostin in asthma. BRN Rev 2018; 4: 258-73.

7. Braithwaite I, Shirtcliffe P, Jurevics R, Beasley R. Gaming: a 21st century variant of seated immobility thromboembolism. NZMJ 2018; 131(1469): 66-8.

8. Braithwaite I, Shortt N, Mallon A, Burmeister A, Jeans M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A non-randomised feasibility study of the Legflow device for sedentary adults in an office environment. Journal of Health, Safety, Environment. 2018; 34(1).

9. Carr A, Wohlrab C, Young P, Bellomo R. Stability of intravenous vitamin C solutions: a technical report. Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20: 1801.

10. Chan L, McNaughton H, Weatherall M. Are physical activity levels of health care professionals consistent with activity guidelines? A prospective cohort study in New Zealand. JRSM Cardiovascular Disease 2018; 7: 1-4.

11. Chapman M, Peake SL, Bellomo R, Davies A, Deane A, Horowitz M, Hurford S, Lange K, Little L, Mackle D, O’Connor S, Presneill J, Ridley E, Williams P, Young P. Energy-Dense versus Routine Enteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill. N Engl J Med 2018; 379(19): 182334.

12. Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, Zamiri N, Almenawer SA, Jaeschke R, Szczeklik W, Schunemann HJ, Neary JD, Alhazzani W. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet 2018;391: 1693-705.

13. Cutuli SL, Osawa EA, Glassford NJ, Marshall D, Eyeington CT, Eastwood GM, Young PJ, Bellomo R. Body temperature measurement methods and targets in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Crit Care Resusc 2018;20: 241-44.

14. Dallimore J, Ebmeier S, Thayabaran D, Bellomo R, Bernard G, Schortgen F, Saxena M, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Young P. Effect of active temperature management on mortality in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Resusc. 2018; 20(2):150-163. PubMed PMID: 29852854.

15. Ebmeier SJ, Barker M, Bacon M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Knee Chong C, Eastwood GM, Gilchrist J, Hidetoshi K, Pilcher J, Reddy S, Ridgeon E, Sarma N, Sprogis S, Tanaka A, Tweedie M, Weatherall M, and Young PJ. A Two Centre Observational Study of Simultaneous SpO2 and SaO2 Recordings in ICU Patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2018; 46: 297-303.

16. Fingleton J, Hardy J, Beasley R. Treatable traits of chronic airways disease. Curr Opin Pulmon Med 2018; 24: 24-31.

17. Frei DR, Young PJ. Oxygen therapy in acute resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care 2018; 24(6): 506-11.

18. Fuggle NR, Singer J, Clynes MA, Curtis B, Wyawahare P, Denison HJ, Gilmour M, Robinson G, Dennison EM. Risk factors for fracture in alcohol-dependent, pre-menopausal females. IJADR 2018; 7: 2-7.

19. Hills T, Semprini A, Beasley R. Pragmatic randomised clinical trials using electronic health records: general practitioner views on a model of a priori consent. Trials 2018; 19: 278.

20. Mackle DM, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Bellomo R, Bennett VL, Deane AM, Eastwood GM, Finfer S, Freebairn RC, Litton E, Linke NJ, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Panwar R, Young PJ; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Protocol summary and statistical analysis plan for the intensive care unit randomised trial comparing two approaches to oxygen therapy (ICU-ROX). Crit Care Resusc. 2018 Mar; 20(1): 22-32. PubMed PMID: 29458318.

21. Mane S, Singer J, Corin A, Semprini A. Successful Treatment of Actinic Keratosis with Kanuka Honey. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2018; 2018: 4628971.

22. Mazer CD, Whitlock RP, Fergusson DA, Belley-Cote E, Connolly K, Khanykin B, Gregory AJ, de Medicis E, Carrier FM, McGuinness S, Young PJ, Byrne K, Villar JC, Royse A, Grocott HP, Seeberger MD, Mehta C, Lellouche F, Hare GMT, Painter TW, Fremes S, Syed S, Bagshaw SM, Hwang NC, Royse C, Hall J, Dai D, Mistry N, Thorpe K, Verma S, Juni P, Shehata N. SixMonth Outcomes after Restrictive or Liberal Transfusion for Cardiac Surgery. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 1224-33.

23. McKinstry S, Pilcher J, Bardsley G, Berry J, Van de Hei S, Braithwaite I, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Nasal high flow therapy and PtCO2 in stable COPD: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Respirology 2018; 23: 378-84.

24. McNaughton H, Singh A, Khan SA. An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in a nonendemic region of north-east India. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48: 25-9.

25. Mitchell EA, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Murphy R, Hancox RJ, Wall C, Beasley R. Factors associated with body mass index in children and adolescents: An international crosssectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0196221.

26. Murphy R, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Wall CR, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Mitchell EA. Obesity, underweight and BMI distribution characteristics of children by gross national income and income inequality: results from an international survey. Obesity Science & Practice 2018; 4: 216-28.

27. Myles PS, Bellomo R, Corcoran T, Forbes A, Peyton P, Story D, Christophi C, Leslie K, McGuinness S, Parke R, Serpell J, Chan MTV, Painter T, McCluskey S, Minto G, Wallace S. Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 2263-74.

28. Parke R, Bihari S, Dixon DL, Gilder E, Cavallaro E, McGuinness S, Bersten AD. Fluid resuscitation associated with elevated angiopoietin-2 and length of mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20: 198-208.

29. Parke R, Gilder E, Gillham M, Walker L, Bailey M, McGuinness S. Design and statistical analysis plan for a trial comparing a conservative fluid management strategy with usual care in patients after cardiac surgery: the FAB study. Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20: 190-7.

30. Pavord ID, Beasley R, Agusti A, Anderson GP, Bel E, Brusselle G, Cullinan P, Custovic A, Ducharme FM, Fahy JV, Frey U, Gibson P, Heaney LG, Holt PG, Humbert M, Lloyd CM, Marks G, Martinez FD, Sly PD, von Mutius E, Wenzel S, Zar HJ, Bush A. After asthma: redefining airways diseases. Lancet 2018; 391: 350-400.

31. Ridley EJ, Davies AR, Parke R, Bailey M, McArthur C, Gillanders L, Cooper DJ, McGuinness S. Supplemental parenteral nutrition versus usual care in critically ill adults: a pilot randomized controlled study. Crit Care 2018;22: 12.

32. Sabbagh DK, Barmayehvar B, Nguyen T, Edgar RG, Turner AM. Managing panniculitis in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: systematic review of evidence behind treatment. World J Dermatology 2018; 7(1): 1-8.

33. Salter R, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Eastwood G, Goodwin A, Nielsen N, Pilcher D, Nichol

A, Saxena M, Shehabi Y, Young P. Changes in temperature management of cardiac arrest patients following publication of the Target Temperature Management Trial. Crit Care Med 2018: 46(11): 1722-1730.

34. Semprini R, Williams M, Semprini A, McDouall A, Fingleton J, Holweg C, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Type 2 biomarkers and prediction of future exacerbations and lung function decline in adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6: 1982-8.

35. Shehata N, Whitlock R, Fergusson DA, Thorpe KE, MacAdams C, Grocott HP, Rubens

F, Fremes S, Lellouche F, Bagshaw S, Royse

A, Rosseel PM, Hare G, Medicis E, Hudson C, Belley-Cote E, Bainbridge D, Kent B, Shaw A, Byrne K, Syed S, Royse CF, McGuinness S, Hall

J, Mazer CD. Transfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery III (TRICS III): Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018;32: 121-129.

36. Shortt N, Poyntz H, Young W, Jones

A, Gestin A, Mooney A, Thayabaran D, Sparks J, Ostapowicz T, Tay A, Poppitt S, Elliott S, Wakefield G, Parry-Strong A, Ralston J, Gasser O, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Braithwaite I, ForbesBlom E. A feasibility study: association between gut microbiota enterotype and antibody response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in adults. Clin Transl Immunology 2018: 7(3): e1013.

37. Tan E, Varughese R, Semprini R, Montgomery B, Holweg C, Olsson J, CaswellSmith R, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Serum periostin levels in adults of Chinese descent: an observational study. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14: 87.

38. TARGET investigators on behalf of the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Study protocol for The Augmented versus Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET). Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20: 6-14.

39. TARGET investigators on behalf of the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Statistical plan for The Augmented versus Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET). Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20: 15-21.

40. Truman P, Gilmour M, Robinson G. Acceptability of electronic cigarettes as an option to replace tobacco smoking for alcoholics admitted to hospital for detoxification. NZMJ 2018; 131: 22-8.

41. Van de Hei S, McKinstry S, Bardsley G, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Fingleton J. Randomised controlled trial of rhinothermy for treatment of the common cold: a feasibility study. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e019350.

42. Varughese R, Semprini R, Munro C, Fingleton J, Holweg C, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Serum periostin levels following small bone fractures, long bone fractures and joint replacements: an observational study. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018: 14: 30.

43. Vincent JL, Nielsen ND, Shapiro NI, Gerbasi ME, Grossman A, Doroff R, Zeng F, Young PJ, Russell JA. Mean arterial pressure and mortality in patients with distributive shock: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-III database. Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Nov 8;8(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0448-9.

44. Venkatesh B, Finfer S, Cohen J, Rajbhandari D, Arabi Y, Bellomo R, Billot L, Correa M, Glass P, Harward M, Joyce C, Li Q, McArthur C, Perner A, Rhodes A, Thompson K, Webb S, Myburgh J. Adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 797-808.

45. Wall C, Stewart A, Hancox R, Murphy R, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Mitchell E. Association between frequency of consumption of fruit, vegetables, nuts and pulses and BMI: analyses of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Nutrients 2018; 10: 316. Doi:10.3390/nu10030316.

46. Young P. Intensive care unit randomised trial comparing two approaches to oxygen therapy (ICU-ROX): results of the pilot phase. Crit Care Resusc 2018;20: 246-247.

47. Young PJ. Learning healthcare systems will protect patients from unscientific practice variation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15: 131-3.

48. Young PJ, Bagshaw SM, Forbes A, Nichol A, Wright SE, Bellomo R, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Eastwood GM, Festa M, Gattas D, van Haren F, Litton E, Mouncey PR, Navarra L, Pilcher D, Mackle DM, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Saxena MK, Webb S, Rowan KM. A cluster randomised, crossover, registry-embedded clinical trial of proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for ulcer prophylaxis therapy in the intensive care unit (PEPTIC study): study protocol. Crit Care Resusc 2018;20: 182-189.

49. Young PJ, Nielsen N, Saxena M. Fever control. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44: 227-230.

1. Agusti A, Bafadhel M, Beasley R, Bel EH, Faner R, Gibson PG, Louis R, McDonald VM, Sterk PJ, Thomas M, Vogelmeier C, Pavord ID. Precision medicine in airway diseases: moving to clinical practice. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1701655.

2. Beasley R, Chien J, Douglas J, Eastlake, Farah C, King G, Moore R, Pilcher J, Richards M, Smith S, Walters EH. Target oxygen saturation range 92-96% versus 94-98%. Respirology 2017; 22: 200-2.

3. Beasley R, Hancox RJ. New Zealand asthma guidelines updated [Editorial]. NZMJ 2017; 130: 7-9.

4. Beasley R, Hardy J, Hancox R. Asthma prescribing: Where are we headed? Respirology 2017; 22: 1487-8.

5. Beasley R, Thayabaran D, Hancox RJ. Adult asthma quick reference guides: TransTasman differences in opinion. Respirology 2017; 22: 9-11.

6. Beasley R, Weatherall M. Vitamin D and asthma: a case to answer. Lancet Respir Med 2017; 5: 839-40.

7. Billot L, Venkatesh B, Myburgh J, Finfer S, Cohen J, Webb S, McArthur C, Joyce C, Bellomo R, Rhodes A, Perner A, Arabi Y, Rajbhandari D, Glass P, Thompson K, Correa M, Harward M. Statistical analysis plan for the Adjunctive Corticosteroid Treatment in Critically Ill Patients with Septic Shock (ADRENAL) trial. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19: 18391.

8. Braithwaite I, Healy B, Cameron L, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Lower limb immobilisation and venous thromboembolism risk: combined case-control studies. Postgrad Med J 2017; 93: 354-9.

9. Braithwaite I, Mackintosh S, Buchanan S, Schwarzenlander K, De Ruyter B on behalf of the JIT Study Group. Venous haemodynamics of Jet Impulse Technology within a lower limb fibreglass cast: a randomized controlled trial. JRSM Open 2017; 8: doi: 10.1177/2054270416681746.

10. Braithwaite IE, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Murphy R, Wall CR, Beasley R, Mitchell EA and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Body Mass Index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study. Acta Paediatrica 2017; 106: 1323-30.

11. Caswell-Smith R, Cripps T, Charles T, Hosking A, Handigol M, Holweg C, Matthews J, Holliday M, Maillot C, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Day-time variation of serum periostin in asthmatic adults treated with ICS/LABA and adults without asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13: 8. doi: 10.1186/s13223-017-0182-0.

12. Chang CL, Wong C, Beckert L, Shafuddin E, Beasley R, Young R, Hancox RJ. ß-blockers in exacerbations of COPD: feasibility of a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J Open Res 2017; 3: 00090-2016.

13. Cheung W, Myburgh J, McGuinness S, Chalmers D, Parke R, Blyth F, Seppelt I, Parr M, Hooker C, Blackwell N, DeMonte S, Gandhi K, Kol M, Kerridge I, Nair P, Saunders NM, Saxena MK, Thanakrishnan G, Naganathan V. The Influenza Pandemic ICU Triage study investigators, The ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. A cross-sectional survey of Australian and New Zealand public opinion on methods to triage intensive care patients in an influenza pandemic. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19: 254-65.

14. Cooper DJ, McQuliten Z, Nicol A, Ady, B, Aubron, C, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Gantner D, Irving D, Kaukonen KM, McArthur C, Murray L, Pettila V, French C, for the TRANSFUSE Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Age of red cells for transfusion and outcomes in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 1858-67.

15. Deane AM, Hodgson CL, Young P, Little L, Singh V, Poole A, Young M, Mackle D, Lange K, Williams P, Peake SL, Chapman MJ, Iwashyna TJ. The rapid and accurate categorisation of critically ill patients (RACE) to identify outcomes of interest for longitudinal studies: a feasibility study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2017; 45: 476-84.

16. Ebmeier S, Thayabaran D, Braithwaite I, Bénamara C, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Trends in international asthma mortality: analysis of data from the WHO Mortality Database from 46 countries (1993-2012). Lancet 2017; 390: 935-45.

17. Fingleton J, Hardy J, Baggott C, Pilcher J, Corin A, Hancox RJ, Harwood M, Holliday M, Reddel HK, Shirtcliffe P, Snively S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Description of the protocol for the PRACTICAL study: a randomised controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of ICS/LABA reliever therapy in asthma. BMJ Open Resp Res 2017; 4: e000217. doi:10.1136/ bmjresp-2017-000217.

18. Fingleton J, Huang K, Weatherall M, Guo Y, Ivanov S, Bruijnzeel P, Zhang H, Wang W, Beasley R, Wang C for the NZRHS Study Group. Phenotypes of obstructive airways disease in China and New Zealand. Eur Respir J 2017; 10.1183/13993003.00957-2017.

19. Fu VWY, Weatherall M, McNaughton H. The Taking Charge After Stroke (TaCAS) study protocol: a multicentre, investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of a single Take Charge session, two Take Charge sessions and control intervention on health-related quality of life 12 months after stroke for non-Māori, non-Pacific adult New Zealanders discharged to community living. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016512. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-016512.

20. Hammond NE, Bellomo R, Gallagher M, Gattas D, Glass P, Mackle D, Micallef S, Myburgh J, Saxena M, Taylor C, Young P, Finfer

S. The Plasma-Lyte 148 vs. Saline (PLUS) study protocol: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of the effect of intensive care fluid therapy on mortality. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19: 239-46.

21. Hammond NE, Taylor C, Finfer S, Machado FR, An Y, Billot L, Bloos F, Bozza F, Cavalcanti AB, Correa M, Du B, Hjortrup PB, Li Y, McIntryre L, Saxena M, Schortgen F, Watts NR, Myburgh J, The Fluid Trips Investigators, The George Institute for Global Health TACTG, BRICNet, the RrN. Patterns of intravenous fluid resuscitation use in adult intensive care patients between 2007 and 2014: An international cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0176292.

22. Khanna A, English SW, Wang XS, Ham K, Tumlin J, Szerlip H, Busse LW, Altaweel L, Albertson TE, Mackey C, McCurdy MT, Boldt DW, Chock S, Young PJ, Krell K, Wunderink RG, Ostermann M, Murugan R, Gong MN, Panwar R, Hastbacka J, Favory R, Venkatesh B, Thompson BT, Bellomo R, Jensen J, Kroll S, Chawla LS, Tidmarsh GF, Deane AM. Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 419-30.

23. Mazer CD, Whitlock RP, Fergusson DA, Hall J, Belley-Cote E, Connolly K, Khanykin B, Gregory AJ, de Medicis E, McGuinness S, Royse A, Carrier FM, Young PJ, Villar JC, Grocott HP, Seeberger MD, Fremes S, Lellouche F, Syed S, Byrne K, Bagshaw SM, Hwang NC, Mehta C, Painter TW, Royse C, Verma S, Hare GMT, Cohen A, Thorpe KE, Juni P, Shehata N. Restrictive or liberal red-cell transfusion for cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 2133-44.

24. McArthur C. Glycaemic control in diabetic ketoacidosis: Too much of a good thing? [Editorial]. Crit Care Resus 2017; 19: 195-6.

25. McNaughton A, Weatherall M, Williams M, McNaughton H, Aldington S, Williams G, Beasley R. Sing Your Lungs Out — A community singing group for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a one-year pilot study. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e014151.

26. Mitchell EA, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Hancox RJ, Murphy R, Wall C, Beasley R. Birth weight and subsequent body mass index in children: an international cross-sectional study. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12: 280-5.

27. Myles P, Bellomo R, Corcoran T, Forbes A, Wallace S, Peyton P, Christophi C, Story D, Leslie K, Serpell J, McGuinness S, Parke R, The ANZCA Clinical Trials Network, The ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy in major abdominal surgery (RELIEF): rationale and design for a multicentre randomised trial. BMJ open 2017; 7: e015358.

28. Myles PS, Smith JA, Forbes A, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, Cooper DJ, Marasco S, McNeil J, Bussieres JS, McGuinness S, Byrne K, Chan MT, Landoni G, Wallace S, The ATACAS Investigators of the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network. Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Coronary-Artery Surgery. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 136-48.

29. O’Brien Z, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M, McArthur C, McGuiness S, Myburgh J, Bellomo R, Mårtensson J, on behalf of the RENAL Study Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Clinical Trials Group. Higher versus lower continuous renal replacement therapy intensity in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction. Blood Purification 2017; 45: 36-43.

30. O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, Mak V, on behalf of the British Thoracic Society

Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings: Summary. BMJ Open Respir Res 2017; 4: e000170. doi:10.1136/ bmjresp-2016-000170.

31. O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, Mak V, on behalf of the British Thoracic Society

Emergency Oxygen Guideline Development Group. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax 2017; 72(Suppl 1): i1-i90.

32. Parke RL, McGuinness S, Eastwood GM, Nichol A, Nielsen N, Dankiewicz J, Bellomo R. Co-enrolment for the TAME and TTM-2 trials: the cerebral option. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19: 99-100.

33. Perner A, Prowle J, Joannidis M, Young P, Hjortrup P, Pettilä V. Fluid management in acute kidney injury. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 807-15.

34. Pilcher J, Eastlake L, Richards M, Power S, Cripps T, Bibby S, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Physiological effects of titrated oxygen via nasal high flow cannulae in COPD exacerbations: a randomised controlled crossover trial. Respirology 2017; 22: 1149-55.

35. Pilcher J, Patel M, Pritchard A, Thayabaran D, Ebmeier S, Shaw D, Black P, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Betaagonist overuse and delay in obtaining medical review in high risk asthma: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2017; 27: 33. doi:10.1038/ s41533-017-0032-z.

36. Pilcher J, Richards M, Eastlake L, McKinstry SJ, Bardsley G, Jefferies S, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. High flow or titrated oxygen for obese medical inpatients: a randomised crossover trial. Med J Aust 2017; 207: 430-4.

37. Power S, Williams M, Semprini A, Munro C, Caswell-Smith R, Pilcher J, Holliday M, Fingleton J, Harper J, Hurst R, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. RCT of the effect of berryfruit polyphenolic cultivar extract in mild steroid-naïve asthma: a cross-over, placebocontrolled study. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e013850.

38. Reddy SK, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Bellomo R, Mackle DM, Psirides AJ, Young PJ. Effect of 0.9% saline or Plasma-Lyte 148 as crystalloid fluid therapy in the Intensive Care Unit on blood product use and postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesthesia 2017; 31: 1630-8.

39. Ridgeon EE, Bellomo R, Aberegg SK, Mac Sweeney R, Varughese RS, Landoni G, Young PJ. Effect sizes in ongoing randomized controlled critical care trials. Crit Care 2017; 21: 132. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1726-x.

40. Semprini A, Hills T, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A priori consent within pragmatic randomised controlled trials: a webbased survey of statin use in primary care. BMJ Innov 2017; 3: 206-11.

41. Semprini A, Singer J, Shortt N, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Pharmacy Research Network. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of 90% kanuka honey versus 5% aciclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis in the community setting. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e017766.

42. Semprini R, Caswell-Smith R, Fingleton J, Holweg C, Matthews J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I on behalf of the Periostin Study Team. Longitudinal variation of serum periostin levels in adults with stable asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139: 1687-8.

43. Skrifvars MB, Bailey M, French C, Presneill J, Nichol A, Little L, Duranteau J, Huet O, Haddad S, Arabi Y, McArthur C, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R; EPO-TBI investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Erythropoietin in patients with traumatic brain injury and extracranial injury-A post hoc analysis of the erythropoietin traumatic brain injury trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83: 449-56.

44. Skrifvars MB, Bailey M, Presneill J, French C, Nichol A, Little L, Durantea J, Huet O, Haddad S, Arabi Y, McArthur C, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R; EPO-TBI investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Venous thromboembolic events in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 419-28.

45. Skrifvars MB, French C, Bailey M, Presneill J, Nichol A, Little L, Durantea J, Huet O, Haddad S, Arabi Y, McArthur C, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R. Cause and timing of death and subgroup differential effects of erythropoietin in the EPO-TBI study. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35: 33340.

46. Thomas R, Fysh ETH, Smith NA, Lee P, Kwan BCH, Yap E, Horwood FC, Piccolo F, Lam DCL, Garske LA, Shrestha R, Kosky C, Read CA, Murray K, Lee YCG. Effect of an indwelling pleural catheter vs talc pleurodesis on hospitalization days in patients with malignant pleural effusion: The AMPLE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017; 318: 1903-12.

47. Thorne K, McNaughton H, Weatherall M. An audit of coagulation screening in patients presenting to the emergency department for potential stoke thrombolysis. Int Med J 2017; 47: 189-93.

48. Udy AA, Dulhunty JM, Roberts JA, Davis JS, Webb SAR, Bellomo R, Gomersall C, Shirwadkar C, Eastwood GM, Myburgh J, Paterson DL, Starr T, Paul SK, Lipman J, The BLING II Investigators, The ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Association between augmented renal clearance and clinical outcomes in patients receiving beta-lactam antibiotic therapy by continuous or intermittent infusion: a nested cohort study of the BLING-II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. International journal of antimicrobial agents 2017; 49: 624-30.

49. Young PJ, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Freebairn RC, Hammond NE, Haren FM, Harward ML, Henderson SJ, Mackle DM, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Myburgh JA, Saxena MK, Turner A, Webb SA, Bellomo R; The ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Randomised Evaluation of Active Control of Temperature versus Ordinary Temperature Management (REACTOR) trial. Crit Car Resus 2017; 19: 81-7.

50. Young PJ, Mackle DM, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Bennett VL, Deane AM, Eastwood GM, Finfer S, Freebairn RC, Litton E, Linke NJ, McArthur CJ, McGuinness SP, Panwar R, Bellomo R, ICU-ROX pilot investigators, and the ANZICS CTG. Intensive Care Unit Randomized trial comparing two approaches to OXygen therapy (ICU-ROX): results of the pilot phase. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19: 344-54.

51. Young P, Ritzema J. Admitting elderly patients to ICU: is it just about survival? NZMJ 2017; 130: 1453.

52. Young PJ, Saxena M, Nielsen N. Fever control. Intensive Care Med 2017; Epub 22 October, DOI:10.1007/s00134-017-4969-8.

2016

1. Agusti A, Bel E, Thomas M, Vogelmeier C, Brusselle G, Holgate S, Humbert M, Jones P, Gibson PG, Vestbo J, Beasley R, Pavord ID. Treatable traits: toward precision medicine of chronic airway diseases. Eur Respir J 2016; 47: 410-9.

2. Beasley R, Hancox R, Harwood M, Perrin K, Poot B, Pilcher J, Reid J, Talemaitoga A, Thayabaran D. Asthma and Respiratory Foundation NZ Adult Asthma Guidelines: a Quick Reference Guide. NZ Med J 2016; 129: 83102.

3. Beasley R, Pavord I, Papi A, Reddel HK, Harrison T, Marks GB, Hancox RJ, Weatherall M. Description of a randomised controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroid/fast-onset LABA reliever therapy in mild asthma. Eur Respir J 2016; 47: 981-4.

4. Bellomo R, Landoni G, Young P. Improved survival in critically ill patients: are large RCTs more useful than personalized medicine? Yes. Intensive Care Med 2016; Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]

5. Bibby S, Reddy S, Cripps T, McKinstry S, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Pilcher J. Tolerability of nasal delivery of humidified and warmed air at different temperatures: a randomised double-blind pilot study. Pulm Med 2016: 2016: 7951272.

6. Braithwaite I, De Ruyter B, Semprini A, Ebmeier S, Kiddle G, Willis N, Carter J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Cohort feasibility study of an intermittent pneumatic compression device within a below-knee cast for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e012764.

7. Braithwaite I, Dunbar L, Eathorne A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Venous thromboembolism rates in lower limb immobilization after Achilles tendon injury unchanged after introduction of prophylactic aspirin: audit. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14: 3315.

8. Braithwaite I, Healy B, Cameron L, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Venous thromboembolism risk associated with protracted work- and computer-related seated immobility: a case-control study. JRSM Open 2016; 7(8): 1-8.

9. Braithwaite I, Mackintosh S, Mallon A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Legflow® increases lower-limb venous haemodynamics when seated: a randomised controlled trial. Occupational Ergonomics 2016; 12: 131-40.

10. Braithwaite I, Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Anti-androgen contraceptive pills and higher risk of venous thromboembolism. NZ Med J 2016; 129; 102-4.

11. Braithwaite I, Williams M, Power S, Pilcher J, Weatherall M, Baines A, Moynihan J, Kempsford R, Beasley R on behalf of FF/ VI Study Team. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over single dose study of the bronchodilator duration of action of combination fluticasone furoate/vilanterol inhaler in adult asthma. Respir Med 2016; 119: 115-21.

12. Brown SGA, Ball EL, Perrin K, Read CA, Asha SE, Beasley R, Egerton-Warbuton D, Jones PG, Keijzers G, Kinnear FB, Kwan BCH, Lee YCG, Smith JA, Summers QA, Simpson G, the PSP Study Group. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of invasive versus conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e011826.

13. Casamento A, Minson A, Radford S, Martensson J, Ridgeon E, Young P, Bellomo R. A comparison of therapeutic hypothermia and strict therapeutic normothermia after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 106: 83-8.

14. Caswell-Smith R, Hosking A, Cripps T, Holweg C, Matthews J, Holliday M, Maillot C, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Reference ranges for serum periostin in a population without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46: 1303-14.

15. Easther S, Langdana F, Maharaj D, Abels P, Beasley R, Entwisle J. The diagnostic role of ventilation/ perfusion scans versus computed tomography pulmonary angiography in obstetric patients investigated for pulmonary embolism at Wellington Hospital from 2010 to 2012. NZMJ 2016; 129: 62-8.

16. Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, Peck L, Young H, Tanaka A, Martensson J, Warrillow S, McGuinness S, Parke R, Gilder E, McCarthy L, Galt P, Taori G, Eliott S, Lamac T, Bailey M, Harley N, Barge D, Hodgson CL, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Pebay A, Conquest A, Archer JS, Bernard S, Stub D, Hart GK, Bellomo R. Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: A phase II multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the CCC trial). Resuscitation 2016;104: 83-90.

17. Fanning N, Galvin S, Parke R, Gilroy J, Bellomo R, McGuinness S. A Prospective Study of the Timing and Accuracy of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016;30: 76-81.

18. Fingleton J, Braithwaite I, Travers J, Bowles D, Strik R, Siebers R, Holweg C, Matthews J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Serum periostin in obstructive airways disease. Eur Respir J 2016; 47: 1383-91.

19. Hodgson C, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Berney S, Denehy L, Gabbe B, Harrold M, Higgins A, Iwashyna T, Papworth R, Parke R, Patman S, Presneill J, Saxena M, Skinner E, Tipping C, Young P, Webb S, The Trial of Early Activity and Mobilization (TEAM) investigators, and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. A bi-national, multi-center, pilot, feasibility RCT of early goaldirected mobilization in ICU. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: 1145-52.

20. ICU DECLARE investigators (Young P, corresponding author). Validation of a classification system for causes of death in critical care: an assessment of inter-rater reliability. Crit Care Resusc 2016; 18: 50-4.

21. Jefferies S, Braithwaite I, Walker S, Weatherall M, Jennings L, Luck M, Barrett K, Siebers R, Blackmore T, Beasley R, Perrin K, Pi Study Group. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of regular paracetamol on influenza infection. Respirology 2016; 21: 370-7.

22. Kansal A, Chatterjee S, Rana MH, Lee Y, Freebairn R. Is my patient really brain dead? Crit Care Shock 2016; 19: 83-5.

23. McGuinness SP, Parke RL, Drummond K, Willcox T, Bailey M, Kruger C, Baker M, Cowdrey KA, Gilder E, McCarthy L, Painter T. A multicenter, randomized, controlled phase IIb trial of avoidance of hyperoxemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2016; 125: 465-73.

24. McNaughton A, Aldington S, Williams G, Levack WMM. Sing Your Lungs Out: a qualitative study of a community singing group for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BMJ Open 2016; 6: e012521.

25. McNaughton A, Blackmore T, McNaughton H. Comprehensive cost of treating one patient with MDR/pre-XDR-TB in Wellington, New Zealand. Eur Respir J 2016; 48: 1256-9.

26. McNaughton AA, Weatherall M, Williams G, Delacey D, George C, Beasley R. An audit of pulmonary rehabilitation program. Clin Audit 2016; 8: 7-12.

27. O’Connor P, Judson G, Loan RA, Robinson G. Prevalence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users attending clinics. NZMJ 2016; 129: 44-8.

28. Pacheco-Gonzalez R, Ellwood E, Exeter D, Stewart AW, Asher I. Does urban extent from satellite images relate to symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children? A cross-sectional study from ISAAC Phase Three. J Asthma 2016; 53: 854-61.

29. Panwar R, Hardie M, Bellomo R, Barrot L, Eastwood GM, Young PJ, Capellier G, Harrigan PW, Bailey M, for the CLOSE Study investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets for mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 43-51.

30. Pilcher J, Holliday M, Ebmeier S, McKinstry S, Messaoudi F, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Validation of a metered dose inhaler electronic monitoring device: implications for asthma clinical trial use. BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2016; 3(1) e000128.

31. Pilcher J, Patel M, Reddel H, Pritchard A, Black P, Shaw D, Holt S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of smoking status on the efficacy of the SMART regimen in high risk asthma. Respirology 2016; 21: 858-66.

32. Reade MC, Eastwood GM, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Bersten A, Cheung B, Davies A, Delaney A, Ghosh A, van Haren F, Harley N, Knight D, McGuiness S, Mulder J, O’Donoghue S, Simpson N, Young P. Effect of dexmedetomidine added to standard care on ventilator-free time in patients with agitated delirium: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 1460-8.

33. Reddy S, Bailey M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Mackle D, Psirides A, Young P. Effect of saline 0.9% or Plasma-Lyte 148 therapy on feeding intolerance in patients receiving nasogastric enteral nutrition. Crit Care Resusc 2016;18(3):198-204.

34. Reddy S, McGuinness S, Parke R, Young P. Choice of fluid therapy and bleeding risk after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016;30: 1094-103.Ridgeon EE, Young PJ, Bellomo R, Mucchetti M, Lembo R, Landoni G. The Fragility Index in Multicenter Randomized Controlled Critical Care Trials. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: 1278-84.

35. Reddy S, Weinberg L, Young P. Crystalloid fluid therapy. Crit Care 2016;20: 59.

36. Ridgeon EE, Young PJ, Bellomo R, Mucchetti M, Lembo R, Landoni G. The authors reply. Crit Care Med 2016;44: e1143.

37. Ridgeon EE, Young PJ, Bellomo R, Mucchetti M, Lembo R, Landoni G. The Fragility Index in multicenter randomized controlled critical care trials. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: 12784.

38. Riley J, Hunt A, McDouall A, Waqanivavalagi S, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Stanley T, Beasley R, Mitchell EA, Dalziel SR. Pilot study of feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of asthma risk with paracetamol versus ibuprofen use in infancy. NZ Med J 2015; 129: 30-42.

39. Semprini A, Braithwaite I, Corin A, Sheahan D, Tofield C, Montgomery B, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of acne. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e009448.

40. Tipping CJ, Bailey MJ, Bellomo R, Berney S, Buhr H, Denehy L, Harrold M, Holland A, Higgins AM, Iwashyna TJ, Needham D, Presneill J, Saxena M, Skinner EH, Webb S, Young P, Zanni J, Hodgson CL. The ICU mobility scale has construct and predictive validity and is responsive. a multicenter observational study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016;13: 887-93.

41. Van Der Meeren O, Peterson JT, Dionne M, Beasley R, Ebeling PR, Ferguson M, Nissen MD, Rheault P, Simpson RW, De Ridder M, Crasta PD, Miller JM, Trofa AF. Prospective clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccination in adults with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12: 2197-203.

42. Venkatesh B, Corke C, Raper R, Pinder M, Stephens D, Joynt G, Morley P, Bellomo R, Bevan R, Freebairn R, Varghese B, Ashbolt M, Hawker F, Jacobe S, Yong S. Findings of the bullying, discrimination and sexual harassment survey: Response of the College of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care Resusc 2016; 18: 228-9.

43. Venkatesh B, Corke C, Raper R, Pinder M, Stephens D, Joynt G, Morley P, Bellomo R, Bevan R, Freebairn R, Varghese B, Ashbolt M, Hawker F, Jacobe S, Yong S. Prevalence of bullying, discrimination and sexual harassment among trainees and fellows of the College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc 2016; 18: 230-4.

44. Young P, Bailey M, Bellomo R. Acute kidney injury with buffered crystalloids vs saline among ICU patients — Reply. JAMA 2016; 315: 1521.

45. Young P, Bellomo R, Landoni G. Timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury [Correspondence]. JAMA 2016; 316(11): 12131214.

46. Young P, Machado F, Finfer S. What’s new on balanced crystalloid solutions? Intensive Care Med. 2016. Online first. DOI 10.1007/s00134-016-4498-x.

47. Young P, Saxena M, Beasley R. Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected infection. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1292-1293.

48. Young P. Acetaminophen to treat fever in ICU patients with likely infection. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: E631-2.

49. Young P. Saline Is the solution for crystalloid resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: 1538-1540.

1. Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Evans R. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in a TV cameraman. Occupat Med 2015; 65: 337-9.

2. Beasley R, Chien J, Douglas J, Eastlake L, Farah C, King, G, Moore R, Pilcher J, Richards M, Smith S, Walters H. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand oxygen guidelines for acute oxygen use in adults: ‘Swimming between the flags’. Respirol 2015; 20: 1182-91.

3. Beasley RW, Donohue JF, Mehta R, Nelson HS, Clay M, Moton A, Kim H-J, Hederer BM. Effect of once-daily indacaterol maleate/ mometasone furoate on exacerbation risk in adolescent and adult asthma: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e006131.

4. Beasley R, Semprini A, Mitchell EA. Risk factors for asthma: is prevention possible? Lancet 2015; 386: 1075-85.

5. Bibby S, Milne R, Beasley R. Hospital admissions for non-cystic bronchiectasis in New Zealand. NZMJ 2015; 128: 30-8.

6. Braithwaite I, Hunt A, Riley J, Fingleton J, Kocks J, Corin A, Helm C, Sheahan D, Tofield C, Montgomery B, Holliday M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of rosacea. BMJ Open 2015; 5(6): e007651.

7. Braithwaite I, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Beasley R, Murphy R, Mitchell EA, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Maternal post-natal tobacco use and current parental tobacco use is associated with higher body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics 2015; 15: 220.

8. Chapman M, Young PJ, Peake S. Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critical Illness [Correspondence]. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1173-1176. September 17, 2015; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1509259.

9. Dulhunty JM, Roberts JA, Davis JS, Webb SA, Bellomo R, Gomersall C, Shirwadkar C, Eastwood GM, Myburgh J, Paterson DL, Starr T, Paul SK, Lipman J for the BLING II Investigators for the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Continuous versus Intermittent beta-Lactam Infusion in Severe Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: 1298-305.

10. Fingleton J, Travers J, Williams M, Charles T, Bowles D, Strik R, Shirtcliffe

P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Treatment responsiveness of phenotypes of symptomatic airways obstruction in adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015: 136: 601-9.

11. Hancox RJ, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Murphy R, Mitchell EA and ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Association between breastfeeding and body mass index at age 6-7 years in an international survey. Pediatr Obesity 2015; 10: 283-7.

12. Hodgson CL, Bellomo R, Berney S, Baiey M, Buhr H, Denehy L, Harrold M, Higgins M, Higgins A, Presneill J, Saxena M, Skinner E, Webb S, Young P. Early mobilization and recovery in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Crit Care 2015; 19: 81.

13. Holt S, Patel M, Montgomery B, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Cohort study of a simple ‘Step-Up’ regimen with the Asthma Control Test. Respirology 2015; 20: 504-6.

14. Ioannides SJ, Siebers R, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Crane J, Travers J, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. The effect of 1g of acetaminophen twice daily for 12 weeks on alanine transaminase levels — A randomized placebocontrolled trial. Clin Biochem 2015; 48: 713-5.

15. Krag M, Perner A, Wetterslev J, Wise MP, Borthwick M, Bendel S, McArthur C, Cook D, Nielsen N, Pelosi P, Keus F, Guttormsen AB, Moller AD, Møller MH; SUP-ICU Collaborators. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: an international survey of 97 units in 11 countries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015;59(5):576-85.

16. Krag M, Perner A, Wetterslev J, Wise MP, Borthwick M, Bendel S, McArthur C, Cook D, Nielsen N, Pelosi P, Keus F, Guttormsen AB, Moller AD, Møller MH; SUP-ICU co-authors. Prevalence and outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med. 2015; 41: 833-45.

17. McGuinness S, Parke R. Using cardiac output monitoring to guide perioperative haemodynamic therapy. Curr Opin Crit Care 2015; 21: 364-8.

18. Milne RJ, Beasley R. Hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New Zealand. NZMJ 2015; 128: 23-35.

19. Murphy R, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Hancox RJ, Mitchell EA, and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Association between paracetamol use in infancy or childhood with body mass index. Obesity 2015; 23: 1030-8.

20. Parke RL, Bloch A, McGuinness SP. Effect of Very-High-Flow Nasal Therapy on Airway Pressure and End-Expiratory Lung Impedance in Healthy Volunteers. Respir Care 2015; 60: 1397-403.

21. Parke RL, McGuinness SP, Gilder E, McCarthy LW, Cowdrey KA. A randomised feasibility study to assess a novel strategy to rationalise fluid in patients after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115: 45-52.

22. Patel M, Pilcher J, Hancox RJ, Sheahan D, Pritchard A, Braithwaite I, Shaw D, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The use of ß2-agonist therapy before hospital attendance for severe asthma exacerbations: a post-hoc analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir J 2015; 25: 14099.

23. Peake SL, Young PJ, Chapman M, TARGET investigators. Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critical illness. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 1173-4.

24. Pilcher J, Beasley R. Acute use of oxygen therapy. Aust Prescr 2015; 38: 98-100.

25. Pilcher J, Cameron L, Braithwaite I, Bowles D, Swain A, Bailey M, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Perrin K. Comparative audit of oxygen use in the prehospital setting, in acute COPD exacerbation, over 5 years. Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 234-8.

26. Pilcher J, Shirtcliffe P, Patel M, McKinstry S, Cripps T, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Three-month validation of a turbuhaler electronic monitoring device: implications for asthma clinical trial use. BMJ Open Resp Res 2015; 2: e000097 doi:10.1136/ bmjresp-2015-000097.

27. Pilcher J, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9: 287-93.

28. Reddy S, Beasley R, Mackle D, McGuinness S, McArthur C, Henderson S, Weinberg L, French C, Orford N, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Young P, the SPLIT investigators, and the ANZICS CTG investigators. An overview of the study protocols and statistical analysis plan for the Saline vs. Plasma-Lyte 148® for Intravenous Fluid Therapy (SPLIT) research program. Crit Care Resusc. 2015 Mar; 17: 29-36.

29. Reddy SK, Young PJ, Beasley RW, Mackle DM, McGuinness SP, McArthur CJ, Henderson SJ, Weinberg L, French CJ, Orford NR, Bailey MJ, Bellomo R, the SPLIT investigators, and the ANZICS CTG investigators. Overview of the study protocols and statistical analysis

plan for the Saline versus Plasma-Lyte 148® for Intravenous Fluid Therapy (SPLIT) research program. Crit Care Resusc 2015; 17: 29-36.

30. Ridley EJ, Davies AR, Parke R, Bailey M, McArthur C, Gillanders L, Cooper DJ, McGuinness S, and the Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition Clinical Investigators. Supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015; 16: 587. Published online 2015 Dec 24. doi: 10.1186/s13063-0151118-y.

31. Riley J, Braithwaite I, Shirtcliffe P, Caswell-Smith R, Hunt A, Bowden V, Power S, Stanley T, Crane J, Ingham T, Weatherall M, Mitchell EA, Beasley R. Randomized controlled trial of asthma risk with paracetamol in infancy – a feasibility study. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45: 448-56.

32. Saxena M, Young P, Pilcher D, Bailey M, Harrison D, Bellomo R, Finfer S, Beasley R, Hyam J, Menon D, Rowan K, Myburgh J. Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41: 823-32.

33. Saxena MK, Taylor C, Hammond N, Young P, Mysore J, Billot L, Myburgh A, Myburgh J. A multi-centre audit of temperature patterns after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Resusc 2015 Jun; 17: 129-134.

34. Semprini A, Fingleton J, Hunt A, Riley J, Corin A, Tofield C. A single-blind randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of nappy rash. FACT 2015; 20: 187-8.

35. Strachan DP, Aït-Khaled N, Foliaki S, Mallol J, Odhiambo J, Pearce N, Williams HC, the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Siblings, asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema: a worldwide perspective from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Clin Exper Allergy 2015; 45: 126-36.

36. Walker L, Young P. Fluid administration, vasopressor use and patient outcomes in a group of high-risk cardiac surgical patients receiving postoperative goal directed haemodynamic therapy: a pilot study. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2015; 2015 Sep;43(5):617-27.

37. Weatherall M, Ioannides S, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. The association between paracetamol use and asthma: causation or coincidence? Clin Exper Allergy 2015; 45: 108-13.

38. Weinkove R, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Saxena MK, Tam CS, Pilcher DV, Beasley R, Young PJ. Association between early peak temperature and mortality in neutropenic sepsis. Ann Hematology 2015; 94: 857-64.

39. Young P. The illusion of physiological gain and the rise of less is more. Intensive Care Monitor. 2015; 22(3): 42.

40. Young PJ, Bailey M, Beasley R, Henderson S, Mackle D, McArthur C, Mehrtens J, Myburgh J, McGuinness S, Psirides A, Reddy S, Bellomo R and for the SPLIT investigators and the ANZICS CTG. Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs. saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the Intensive Care Unit: the SPLIT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 170110.

41. Young PJ, Beasley RW, Capellier G, Eastwood GM, Webb SAR. Oxygenation targets and monitoring in the critically ill: a point prevalence study of clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc 2015; 17 202-7.

42. Young PJ, Saxena M, Bellomo R, Freebairn R, Hammond N, van Haren F, Holliday M, Henderson S, Mackle D, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Myburgh J, Weatherall M, Webb S, Beasley R for the HEAT investigators and the ANZICS CTG. Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected infection. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2215-24.

2014

1. Beasley R, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Hancox R, Reddel HK. Combination corticosteroid/ beta-agonist inhaler as reliever therapy: a solution for intermittent and mild asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133: 39-41.

2. Beasley R. Cannabis and the lung. New Zealand Centre for Political Research, November 9, 2014.

3. Braithwaite I, Maxwell G, Sparks S, Beasley R, Shirtcliffe P. A man who collapsed after using the internet. JRSM Open 2014;5: 2054270414543397.

4. Braithwaite I, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Beasley R, Murphy R, Mitchell EA, the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international crosssectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e005813.

5. Eastwood GM, Litton E, Bellomo R, Bailey MJ, Festa M, Beasley RW, Young PJ. Opinions and practice of stress ulcer prophylaxis in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Crit Care Resusc 2014; 16: 170-4.

6. Eastwood GM, Young PJ, Bellomo R. The impact of oxygen and carbon dioxide management on outcome after cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Crit Care 2014; 20: 266-72.

7. Fingleton J, Corin A, Sheahan D, Cave N, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of cold sores. Adv Integrat Med 2014; 1: 119-23.

8. Fingleton J, Helm C, Tofield C, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A randomised controlled trial of topical Kanuka honey for the treatment of eczema. JRSM Open 2014; 5(1): 2042533313509263.

9. Fingleton J, Sheahan D, Corin A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A randomised controlled trial of topical Kanuka honey for the treatment of psoriasis. JRSM Open 2014; 5(3): 2042533313518913.

10. Fingleton J, Tofield C, Helm C, Corin A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Topical kanuka honey for the treatment of nappy rash. FACT 2014; DOI 10.1111/fct.12078.

11. Fysh ETH, Thomas R, Read CA, Lam BCH, Yap E, Horwood FC, Lee P, Piccolo F, Shrestha R, Garske LA, Lam DCL, Rosenstengel A, Bint M, Murray K, Smith NA, Lee YCG. Protocol of the Australasian Malignant Pleural Effusion (AMPLE) trial: a multicentre randomised study comparing indwelling pleural catheter versus talc pleurodesis. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e006757.

12. Hansell A, Ghosh RE, Poole S, Zock JP, Weatherall M, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Travers J, Beasley R. Occupational risk factors for chronic obstructive respiratory disease in a New Zealand population using lifetime occupational history. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56: 270-80.

13. Hodgson C, Needham D, Haines K, Bailey M, Ward A, Harrold M, Young P, Zanni J, Buhr H, Higgins A, Presneill J, Berney S. Feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the ICU Mobility Scale. Heart & Lung 2014; 43: 19-24.

14. Hodgson CL, Stiller K, Needham DM, Tipping CJ, Harrold M, Baldwin CE, Bradley S, Berney S, Caruana LR, Elliott D, Green M, Haines K, Higgins AM, Kaukonen KM, Leditschke I, Nickels MR, Paratz J, Patman S, Skinner EH,

Young PJ, Zanni JM, Denehy L, Webb SA. Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Crit Care 2014; 18: 658.

15. Holt S, Sheahan D, Helm C, Tofield C, Corin A, Kocks JWH. Little agreement in GOLD category using CAT and mMRC in 450 primary care COPD patients in New Zealand. Prim Care Respir Med 2014; 24: 14025 doi:10.1038/ npjpcrm.2014.25.

16. Ioannides SJ, Williams M, Jefferies S, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Siebers R, Crane J, Patel M, Travers J, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Randomised placebo-controlled study of the effect of paracetamol on asthma severity in adults. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e004324.

17. Levack WMM, Poot B, Weatherall M, Travers J. Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; (Issue 12) CD011442. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011442.

18. Litton E, Bellomo R, Beasley R, Bailey MJ, Forbes AB, Gattas DJ, Pilcher DV, Webb SAR, McGuinness SP, Saxena MK, McArthur CJ, Young PJ, on behalf of the PEPTIC investigators. A multicentre feasibility study evaluating stress ulcer prophylaxis using hospital-based registry data. Crit Care Resus 2014; 16: 158-63.

19. Litton E, Eastwood GM, Bellomo R, Beasley R, Bailey MJ, Forbes AB, Gattas DJ, Pilcher DV, Webb SA, McGuinness SP, Saxena MK, McArthur CJ, Young PJ. A multicentre feasibility study evaluating stress ulcer prophylaxis using hospital-based registry data. Crit Care Resusc 2014; 16: 158-63.

20. Manning S, Gilmour M, Weatherall M, Robinson GM. Refeeding syndrome is uncommon in alcoholics admitted to a hospital detoxification unit. Intern Med J 2014; 44: 512-4.

21. McNaughton H, McRae A, Green G, Abernethy G, Gommans J. Stroke rehabilitation services in New Zealand: a survey of service configuration, capacity and guideline adherence. NZ Med J 2014; 127: 9-10.

22. McNaughton H, Thompson S, Stinear C, Harwood M, McPherson KM. Optimizing the content and dose of rehabilitation in the first 12 months following stroke. Crit Rev Physical Rehab Med 2014; 26: 27-50.

23. Mitchell EA, Clayton T, Garcia-Marcos L, Pearce N, Foliaki S, Wong G. Birthweight and the risk of atopic diseases: the ISAAC Phase III study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014;25: 264-70.

24. Murphy R, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Beasley R, Hancox RJ, Mitchell EA, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Antibiotic treatment during infancy and increased body mass index in boys: an international cross-sectional study. Int J Obesity 2014; 38: 1115-9.

25. Nazmi A, Weatherall M, Wilkins B, Robinson GM. Thiamin concentration in geriatric hospitalized patients using frusemide. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 33: 47-54.

26. Newberry J, Wodak A, Sellman D, Robinson G. New Zealand’s regulation of new psychoactive substances: a response to the futility of trying to ban such substances as they appear. BMJ 2014; 348: g1534.

27. Patel M, Pilcher J, Reddel HK, Qi V, Mackey B, Tranquilino T, Shaw D, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R for the SMART Study Group. Predictors of severe exacerbations, poor asthma control, and ß-agonist overuse in asthma for patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Pract 2014; 2: 751-8.

28. Piccolo F, Pitman N, Bhatnagar R, Popowicz N, Smith NA, Brockway B, Nickels R, Burke AJ, Wong CA, McCartney R, Choo-Kang B, Blyth KG, Maskell NA, Lee YC. Intrapleural tPA and DNase for Pleural Infection: an effective and safe alternative to surgery. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11: 1419-25.

29. Pilcher J, Patel M, Smith A, Davies C, Pritchard A, Travers J, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Harwood M. Combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as maintenance and reliever therapy in Māori with asthma. Respirol 2014; 19: 842-51.

30. Reddy SK, Bailey MJ, Beasley RW, Bellomo R, Henderson SJ, Mackle DM, McArthur CJ, Mehrtens JE, Myburgh JA, McGuinness SP, Psirides AJ, Young PJ, and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. A protocol for the 0.9% saline versus Plasma-Lyte 148 for intensive care fluid therapy (SPLIT) study. Crit Care Resus 2014; 16: 274-9.

31. Reddy S, Wang N, Weatherall M, Mahon B, Young P. A pre-printed medication chart in the ICU for patients admitted after coronary artery bypass graft surgery improves prescribing of secondary prevention at hospital discharge. Crit Care & Shock 2014; 3: 61-5.

32. Tan PC, Robinson G, Jayathissa S, Weatherall M. Coming to work sick: a survey of hospital doctors in New Zealand. NZ Med J 2014; 127: 23-35.

33. Tan PC, Robinson G, Jayathissa S, Weatherall M. Coming to work sick: a survey of hospital doctors in New Zealand. NZMJ Digest 2014; 46: 31-5.

34. Walker S, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Limited generalisability of UPLIFT findings to clinical practice (letter in response to Tashkin). Thorax 2014; 69: 385-6.

35. Walker S, Smith N. Should patients be advised not to fly post-thoracentesis? Respir Med Case Reports 2014; doi: 10.1016/j. rmcr.2014.06.002.

36. Young P, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Bernard S, Dicker B, Freebairn R, Henderson S, Mackle D, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Smith T, Swain A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. HyperOxic Therapy OR NormOxic Therapy after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (HOT OR NOT): a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Resusc 2014; 85: 1686-91.

37. Young P, Bellomo R. Fever in sepsis: is it cool to be hot? Crit Care 2014; 18: 109.

38. Young P, Saxena M. Fever Management in Intensive Care Patients with Infections. Crit Care 2014; 18: 206.

39. Young PJ, Delaney AP, Dulhunty JM, Venkatesh B. Critical care statistical analysis plans. In reply. Crit Care Resusc 2014; 16: 76-7.

40. Young PJ, Joannidis M. Crystalloid fluid therapy: is the balance tipping towards balanced solutions? Intens Care Med 2014; 40: 1966-8.

2013

1. Beasley R. Tiotropium Respimat increases the risk of mortality: pro. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 584-9 (Editorial).

2. Beasley R, Fingleton J, Weatherall M. Restriction of LABA use to combination ICS/ LABA inhaler therapy in asthma. Thorax 2013; 68: 119-20.

3. Braithwaite I, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Beasley R, Murphy R, Mitchell EA, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. The worldwide association between television viewing and obesity in children and adolescents: cross sectional study. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e74263.

4. Charles T, Mackintosh S, Fingleton J, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Efficacy of micromobile foot compression device in increasing lower limb venous blood flow. Int J Vasc Med 2013; http://dx.doi. org/10.1155/2013/948769.

5. Edwards L, Shirtcliffe P, Wadsworth K, Healy B, Jefferies S, Weatherall M, Beasley R on behalf of the Magnesium COPD Study Team. Use of nebulised magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD in adults: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Thorax 2013; 68: 338-43.

6. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Garcia-Marcos L, Williams H, Keil U, Robertson C, Nagal G, the ISAAC Phase II Study Group. Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three. Thorax 2013; 68: 351-60.

7. Fernando J, Ikeda T, Psirides A, Young P. Admission source predicts delay to antimicrobial therapy in septic shock - a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care & Shock 2013; 16:37-44.

8. Fingleton J, Sheahan D, Cave N, Brinded A, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Topical kanuka honey for the treatment of rosacea. FACT 2013; 18: 221-2.

9. Hammond NE, Saxena MK, Taylor C, Young P, Seppelt I, Glass P, Myburgh J; George Institute for Global Health; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Temperature management of non-elective intensive care patients without neurological abnormalities: a point prevalence study of practice in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc 2013; 15: 228-33.

10. Healy B, Bibby S, Steele R, Weatherall M, Nelson H, Beasley R. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and myeloperoxidase autoantibodies in clinical expression of Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131: 571-6.

11. Jenkins CR, Beasley R. Tiotropium Respimat increases the risk of mortality. Thorax 2013; 68: 5-7 (Editorial).

12. Manchanda A, Cameron C, Robinson G. Beware of paracetamol use in alcohol abusers: a potential cause of acute liver injury. NZMJ 2013; 126(1383): 80-4.

13. Mitchell E, Beasley R, Björkstén B, Crane J, Garcia-Marcos L, Keil U. The association between BMI, vigorous physical activity and television viewing and the risk of symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children and adolescents: ISAAC Phase Three. Clin Exper Allergy 2013; 43: 73-84.

14. Patel M, Perrin K, Pritchard A, Williams M, Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Accuracy of patient self-report as a measure of inhaled asthma medication use. Respirology 2013; 18: 546-52.

15. Patel M, Pilcher J, Beasley R. Combination ICS/fast-onset LABA inhaler as maintenance and reliever therapy: the future for uncontrolled adult asthma? Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 7: 451-4.

16. Patel M, Pilcher J, Munro C, Hosking A, Pritchard A, Shaw D, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Short-acting ß-agonist use as a marker of current asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Practice 2013; 1: 370-7.

17. Patel M, Pilcher J, Pritchard A, Perrin K, Travers J, Shaw D, Holt S, Harwood M, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R for the SMART Study Group. Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 32-42.

18. Patel M, Pilcher J, Reddel HK, Pritchard A, Corin A, Helm C, Tofield C, Shaw D, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R and for the SMART Study Group. Metrics of salbutamol use as predictors of future adverse outcomes in asthma. Clin Exper Allergy 2013; 43: 1144-51.0.3

19. Patel M, Pilcher J, Travers J, Perrin K, Shaw D, Black P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Use of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Practice 2013; 1: 83-91.

20. Patel M, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. The ß-2 agonist debate: is there still a problem? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13: 58-62.

21. Pilcher J, Perrin K, Beasley R. The effect of high concentration oxygen therapy on PaCO2 in acute and chronic respiratory disorders. Translational Resp Med 2013; 1: 8-10.

22. Saxena MK, Taylor CB, Hammond NE, Young PJ, Seppelt IM, Glass P, Myburgh JA; George Institute for Global Health; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Temperature management in patients with acute neurological lesions: an Australian and New Zealand point prevalence study. Crit Care Resusc 2013; 15: 110-8.

23. Schneider AG, Eastwood GM, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Lipcsey M, Pilcher D, Young P, Stow P, Santamaria J, Stachowski E, Suzuki S, Woinarski NC, Pilcher J. Arterial carbon dioxide tension and outcome in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2013; 84: 927-34.

24. Weatherall M, Fingleton J, Eyers S, Beasley R. A half doubling dose change in bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a population represents an important difference. Trans Resp Med 2013; 1: 4-6.

25. Wong GWK, Brunekreef B, Ellwood P, Anderson HR, Asher MI, Crane J, Lai CKW for the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Cooking fuels and prevalence of asthma: a global analysis of phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 386-94.

26. Young P, Pilcher J, Patel M, Cameron L, Braithwaite I, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Delivery of titrated oxygen via a self-inflating resuscitation bag. Resuscitation 2013; 84: 391-4.

27. Young P, Weatherall M, Saxena M, Bellomo R, Freebairn R, Hammond N, van Haren F, Henderson S, McArthur C, McGuiness S, Mackle D, Myburgh J, Webb S, Beasley R and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Statistical analysis plan for the HEAT trial: a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous paracetamol in intensive care unit patients with fever and infection. Crit Care Resusc 2013; 15: 279-86.

28. Young PJ, Baker S, Cavazzoni E, Erickson SJ, Krishnan A, Kruger PS, Rashid AH, Wibrow BA. A case series of critically ill patients with anti- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Crit Care Resusc 2013; 15: 8-14.

29. Young PJ, Ganter DC, Nickson CP. Can Social Media Bridge the Gap between Research and Practice? Crit Care Resusc 2013; 15: 257-8.

2012

1. Brunekreef B, Von Mutius E, Wong G, Odhiambo J, Garcia-Marcos L, Foliaki S and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Exposure to cats and dogs, and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema. Epidemiol 2012; 23: 742-50.

2. Brunekreef B, Von Mutius E, Wong GK, Odhiambo JA, Clayton TO and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Early life exposure to farm animals and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema: an ISAAC Phase Three Study. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41: 753-61.

3. Cameron L, Pilcher J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Perrin K. The risk of serious adverse outcomes associated with hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia in acute exacerbations of COPD. Postgrad Med J 2012; doi: 10.1136/ postgradmedj-2012-130809.

4. Eastwood G, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Taori G, Pilcher D, Young P, Beasley R. Arterial oxygen tension and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Int Care Med 2012; 38: 91-8.

5. Eastwood PR, Naughton MT, Calverley P, Zeng G, Beasley R, Robinson B, Lee YC. APSR Postgraduate Session: How to write research papers and grants. Respirology 2012; 17: 792801.

6. Edwards L, Perrin K, Williams M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled cross-over trial of the effect on PtCO2 of oxygen versus air-driven nebulisers in severe COPD. Emerg Med J 2012; 29: 894-8.

7. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Stewart AW, Ait-Khaled N, Mallol J, Strachan D and the ISAAC Phase III Time Trends Study Group. The challenges of replicating the methodology between Phases I and III of the ISAAC Programme. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16: 68793.

8. Eyers S J, Fingleton J, Perrin K, Beasley R. Proposed MHRA changes to UK children’s paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. J R Soc Med 2012; 105: 263-9.

9. Eyers S, Fingleton J, Eastwood A, Perrin K, Beasley R. British National Formulary for Children: the risk of inappropriate paracetamol prescribing. Arch Dis Child 2012; 97: 279-82.

10. Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Bronchodilator responsiveness: interpret with caution. Thorax 2012; 67: 667-8.

11. Hall G, Thompson BR, Stanojevic S, Abramson MJ, Beasley R, Coates A, Dent A, Eckert B, James A, Filsell S, Musk AW, Nolan G, Dixon B, O’Dea C, Savage J, Stocks J, Swanney MP. The global lung initiative 2012 reference values reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry. Respirology 2012; 17: 1150-1.

12. Harwood M, Weatherall M, Talemaitoga A, Barber PA, Gommans J, Taylor W, McPherson K, McNaughton H. Taking charge after stroke: promoting self-directed rehabilitation to improve quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2012;26: 493-501.

13. Jefferies S, Weatherall M, Young P, Eyers S, Beasley R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antipyretic medications on mortality in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Postgrad Med J 2012; 88: 21-7.

14. Mitchell EA, Beasley R, Keil U, Montefort S, Odhiambo J and the ISAAC

Phase Three Study Group. The association between tobacco and the risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children and adolescents: analyses from Phase Three of the ISAAC programme. Thorax 2012; 67: 941-9.

15. Patel M, Pilcher J, Chan A, Perrin K, Black P, Beasley R. Six-month in vitro validation of a metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring device: Implications for asthma clinical trial use. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; Doi: 10.1016/j. jaci.2012.06.037.

16. Pilcher JM, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Bellomo R, Young P, Beasley R. The effect of hyperoxia following cardiac arrest — a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal trials. Resuscitation 2012; 83: 417-22.

17. Ranchord AM, Argyle R, Beynon R, Perrin K, Sharma V, Weatherall M, Simmonds M, Heatlie G, Brooks N, Beasley R on behalf of the OPTIMISE Study Group. High concentration vs titrated oxygen therapy in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2012; 163: 168-75.

18. Ranchord AM, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Simmonds M. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of high concentration oxygen on myocardial ischaemia during exercise. Int J Cardiol 2012; 160: 201-5.

19. Raymond NJ, Berry N, Blackmore TK, Jefferies S, Norton K, Perrin K, Beasley R. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 in hospital healthcare workers in New Zealand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33: 196-9.

20. Salvi S, Manap R, Beasley R. Understanding the true burden of COPD: the epidemiological challenges. Prim Care Resp J 2012; 21: 249-51.

21. Shirtcliffe P, Marsh S, Travers J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Childhood asthma and GOLD-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Med J 2012; 42: 83-8.

22. Travers J, Weatherall M, Fingleton J, Beasley R. Towards individualised medicine for airways disease: identifying clinical phenotype groups. Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 1033-4 (letter).

23. Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Healy B, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomized controlled trial of high concentration in suspected community-acquired pneumonia. J Roy Soc Med 2012; 105: 208-16.

24. Williams JM, Young P, Pilcher J, Weatherall M, Miller JH, Beasley R, La Flamme AC. Remote ischemic preconditioning does not

alter perioperative cytokine production in highrisk cardiac surgery. Heart Asia 2012; 4: 97-101.

25. Young P, Beasley R, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Eastwood GM, Nichol A, Pilcher D, Yunos NM, Egi M, Hart GK, Reade MC, Cooper DJ for the Study of Oxygen in Critical Care (SOCC) Group. The association between early arterial oxygenation and mortality in ventilated patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Crit Care Resusc 2012; 14: 14-9.

26. Young PJ, Dalley P, Garden A, Horrocks C, La Flamme A, Mahon B, Miller J, Pilcher J, Weatherall M, Williams J, Young W, Beasley R. A pilot study investigating the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in high-risk cardiac surgery using a randomised controlled doubleblind protocol. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107: 25665.

27. Young PJ, Saxena M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Finfer S, Harrison D, Myburgh J, Rowan K. Early peak temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with or without infection. Int Care Med 2012; 38: 437-44.

2011

1. Aldington S, Shirtcliffe P, Nowitz M, Kingzett-Taylor, Tweed M, Weatherall M, Soriano J, Beasley R. Incidental findings from lung CT scans: implications for research. J Med Imaging Radiation Oncol 2011; 55; 20-5.

2. Beasley R, Patel M, Perrin K, O’Driscoll BR. High concentration oxygen therapy in COPD. Lancet 2011; 378: 969-70.

3. Beasley RW, Clayton TO, Crane J, Lai CKW, Montefort SR, von Mutius E, Stewart AW and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Acetaminophen use and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in adolescents: ISAAC Phase Three. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 171-8.

4. Charles T, Mackintosh D, Healy B, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Merino wool graduated compression stocking increases lower limb venous blood flow: a randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther 2011; 28: 227-37.

5. Edwards L, Jefferies S, Healy B, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Shirtcliffe P. What risk do consumers face when seeking medical advice from health food stores? NZMJ 2011; 124(1334): 81-8.

6. Edwards L, Perrin K, Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Travers J. The value of the CRB65 score to predict mortality in

exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission. Respirol 2011; 16; 625-9.

7. Eyers S, Jefferies S, Shirtcliffe P, Perrin K, Beasley R. Antipyretic therapy for influenza infection — benefit or harm? NZ Med J 2011; 124: 126-8.

8. Eyers S, Weatherall M, Jefferies S, Beasley R. Paracetamol in pregnancy and the risk of wheezing in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exper Allergy 2011; 41: 482-9.

9. Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Towards individualised treatment in COPD. Thorax 2011; 66: 363-4.

10. Iscoe S, Beasley R, Fisher JA. Supplementary oxygen for non-hypoxemic patients: O2 much of a good thing? Crit Care 2011; 15: 305-7.

11. Jefferies S, Earl D, Berry N, Blackmore T, Rooker S, Raymond N, Pritchard A, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Perrin K. Effectiveness of the 2009 seasonal influenza vaccine against pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 in healthcare workers in New Zealand, June-August 2009. Euro Surveill 2011 Jan 13;16(2).

12. Jefferies S, Weatherall M, Young P, Beasley R. A systematic review of the accuracy of peripheral thermometry in estimating core temperatures among febrile critically ill patients. Crit Care Resus 2011; 13: 194-9.

13. Jefferies S, Weatherall M, Young P, Eyers S, Perrin KG, Beasley CRW. The effect of antipyretic medications on mortality in critically ill patients with infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Resusc 2011; 13: 125-31.

14. Knott C, Psirides A, Young PJ, Sim D. A retrospective cohort study of the effect of medical emergency teams on documentation of advance care directives. Crit Care Resus. 2011; 13(3): 167-74.

15. MacDonald M, Beasley RW, Irving L, Bardin PG. A hypothesis to phenotype COPD exacerbations by aetiology. Respirol 2011; 16: 264-8.

16. Maher L, Young PJ. Cardiac arrest complicating neostigmine use for bowel opening in a critically ill patient. Crit Care Resus. 2011; 13(3): 192-93.

17. Patel M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Beta agonist use during asthma exacerbations: how much is too much? NZMJ 2011; 124(1332): 77-80.

18. Perrin K, Wijesinghe M, Healy B, Wadsworth K, Bowditch R, Bibby S, Baker T, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of high concentration versus titrated oxygen therapy in severe exacerbations of asthma. Thorax 2011; 66: 937-41.

19. Perrin K, Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Assessing PaCO2 in acute respiratory disease: accuracy of a transcutaneous carbon dioxide device. Int Med J 2011; 41: 630-3.

20. Robinson GM, Judson G, Loan R., Bevin T, O’Connor P. Patterns of prescription drug misuse presenting to provincial drug clinics. NZ Medical J 2011;124.

21. Saxena M, Hammond N, Taylor C, Young PJ, Reade M, Bellomo R, Myburgh J. A survey of fever management in febrile intensive care patients without neurological injury. Criti Care Resusc 2011; 13: 238-43.

22. Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Travers J, Beasley R. The multiple dimensions of airways disease: targeting treatment to clinical phenotypes. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2011; 17: 72-8.

23. Thompson BR, Stanojevic S, Abramson MJ, Beasley R, Coates A, Dent A, Eckert B, James A, Filsell S, Musk AW, Nolan G, Dixon B, O’Dea C, Savage J, Stocks J, Swanney MP, Hall GL on behalf of the ANZSRS Reference Ranges Working Party. The all-age spirometry reference ranges reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry. Respirol 2011; 16: 912-7.

24. Wickens K, Beasley R, Town I, Epton M, Pattemore P, Ingham T, Crane J. New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group. The effects of early and late paracetamol exposure on asthma and atopy: a birth cohort. Clin Exper Allergy 2011; 41: 399-406.

25. Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Healy B, Hart K, Clay J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Pre-hospital oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Med J 2011; 41: 618-22.

26. Wijesinghe M, Williams M, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of supplemental oxygen on hypercapnia in patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation: a randomized cross-over clinical study. Chest 2011; 139: 1018-24.

27. Young P, Saxena M, Eastwood GM, Bellomo R, Beasley R. Fever and fever management among intensive care patients with known or suspected infection: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Crit Care Resusc 2011; 13: 97-102.

28. Young PJ, Saxena MK, Beasley RW. Fever and antipyresis in infection. MJA 2011; 195: 458-9.

2010

1. Anderson HR, Ruggles R, Pandey KD, Kapetanakis V, Brunekreef B, Lai CKW, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Ambient particulate pollution and the worldwide prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children: Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Occup Environ Med; 2010; 67:293-300.

2. Asher MI, Stewart AW, Mallol J, Montefort S, Lai CKW, Aït-Khaled N, Odhiambo J, The ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Which population level environmental factors are associated with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Review of the ecological analyses of ISAAC Phase One. Respir Res 2010; 11: 8.

3. Bandaranayake D, Huang S, Bissielo A, Wood T, Mackereth G, Baker MG, Beasley R, Reid S, Roberts S, Hope V on behalf of the 2009 H1N1 serosurvey investigation team. Risk factors and immunity in a nationally representative population following the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. PLoS One 2010; 5: e13211.

4. Beasley R, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M. Call for withdrawal of LABA single inhaler therapy in asthma. Lancet 2010; 376: 750-1.

5. Beasley R, Perrin K, Wijesinghe M. Routine oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction —primum non nocere. BMJ 2010; (9 July).

6. Bibby S, Healy B, Steele R, Kumareswaran K, Nelson H, Beasley R. Association between leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: an analysis of the FDA AERS database. Thorax 2010; 65: 132-8.

7. Büchele G, Genuneit J, Weinmayr G, Björkstén B, Gehring U, von Mutius E, Priftanji A, Stein RT, Addo-Yobo EO, Priftis KN, Shah JR, Forastiere F, Svabe V, Crane J, Nystad W, GarciaMarcos L, Saraçlar Y, El-Sharif N, Strachan DP, ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. International variations in bronchial responsiveness in children: findings from ISAAC Phase Two. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45: 796-806.

8. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Stewart AW and the ISAAC Phase III Study Group. The impact of consent on response rates in the ISAAC time trends study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14: 1059-65.

9. Eyers S, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Perrin K, Beasley R. The effect on mortality of antipyretics in the treatment of influenza infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. J R Soc Med 2010; 103: 403-11.

10. Farquhar H, Stewart A, Mitchell E, Crane J, Eyers S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The role of paracetamol in the pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exper Allergy 2010; 40: 32-41.

11. Hancox RJ, Beasley R. Programming in asthma: the dice are loaded but not cast [Editorial]. Clin Exper Allergy 2010; 40: 1717-8.

12. Hancox RJ, Le Souëf PN, Anderson GP, Reddel HK, Chang AB, Beasley R. Asthma: Time to confront some inconvenient truths. Respirol 2010; 15: 194-201.

13. Healy B, Beasley R, Weatherall M. Venous thromboembolism following prolonged cast immobilisation for injury to the tendo Achillis. J Bone Joint Surg — British Volume 2010; 92: 646-50.

14. Healy B, Levin E, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Prolonged work — and computerrelated seated immobility and risk of venous thromboembolism. J R Soc Med 2010; 103: 44754.

15. Holt S. Asthma control test scores obtained from an asthma NZ educational activity. NZMJ 2010; 123: 109-10.

16. Holt S, Holt A, Erasmus P, Watson M, Farrell T, Blackshaw G, Poppe M, Williams M, Gilbey A. A survey of use and knowledge of vitamins and supplements in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. NZMJ 2010; 123: 114-6.

17. Iscoe S, Beasley R, Fisher JA. Arterial hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. JAMA 2010; 304: 1440-1.

18. Murray CS, Custovic A, Lowe LA, Aldington S, Williams M, Beasley R, Woodcock A. Effect of addition of salmeterol versus doubling the dose of fluticasone propionate on specific airway resistance in children with asthma. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings 2010; 31: 415-21.

19. Nagel G, Weinmayr G, Kleiner A, GarciaMarcos L, Strachan DP. Effect of diet on asthma and allergic sensitisation in the International Study on Allergies and Asthma in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two. Thorax 2010; 65: 516-22

20. O’Driscoll BR, Beasley R. Avoidance of high concentration oxygen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMJ 2010; 341: c5549.

21. Perrin K, Williams M, Wijesinghe M, James K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomized controlled trial of adherence with single or combination inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting ß-agonist inhaler therapy in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 505-10.

22. Robinson GM, Robinson S, McCarthy P, Cameron C. Misuse of over-the-counter codeinecontaining analgesics: dependence and other adverse effects. NZMJ 2010; 123(1317).

23. Thompson I, Williams G, Caldwell B, Aldington S, Dickson S, Lucas N, McDowall J, Weatherall M, Robinson G, Beasley R. Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of the “party pills” BZP/ TFMPP alone and in combination with alcohol. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24: 1299-308.

24. Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Travers J, Beasley R. Use of cluster analysis to define COPD phenotypes [Editorial]. Eur Respir J 2010; 36: 472-4.

25. Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Long-acting beta-agonists and asthma death: how useful are different study designs to evaluate the potential association? J Asthma 2010; 47: 434-8.

26. Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Harwood M, Beasley R. Meta-analysis of the risk of mortality with salmeterol and the effect of concomitant inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Thorax 2010; 65: 39-43.

27. Weinmayr G, Genuneit J, Nagel G, Bjorksten B, van Hage M, Priftanji A, Cooper P, Rijkjarv MA, von Mutius E, Tsanakas J, Forastiere F, Doekes G, Garrido JB, Suarez-Varela MM, Braback L, Strachan DP. ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. International variations in associations of allergic markers and diseases in children: ISAAC Phase Two. Allergy 2010; 65:766-75.

28. Wijesinghe M, Shirtcliffe P, Perrin K, Healy B, James K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. An audit of the effect of oxygen prescription charts on clinical practice. Postgrad Med J 2010; 86: 89-93.

2009

1. Aït-Khaled N, Pearce N, Anderson HR, Ellwood P, Montefort S, Shah J and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global map of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three. Allergy 2009; 64: 123-48.

2. Beasley R, Clayton T, Crane J, von Mutius E, Lai CKW. Paracetamol as a risk factor for allergic disorders. Lancet 2009; 373: 120-1 (letter).

3. Beasley R, Martinez F, Hackshaw A, Rabe KF, Sterk PJ, Djukanovic R. Safety of longacting beta agonists: urgent need to clear the air remains. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 3-5.

4. Beasley R, Weatherall M, Travers J, Shirtcliffe P. Time to define the disorders that make up the syndrome of COPD. Lancet 2009; 374: 670-2.

5. Beasley R, Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M. Potential risks of using LABAs with ICS therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 581 (letter).

6. Brunekreef B, Stewart AW, Anderson HR, Lai CKW, Pearce NE and the Phase Three Study Group. Self-reported truck traffic on the street of residence and symptoms of asthma and allergic disease: a global relationship in ISAAC Phase Three. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117: 1791-8.

7. Ellwood P, Williams H, Aït-Khaled N, Björkstén B, Robertson C and the ISAAC Phase III Study Group. Translation of questions: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) experience. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13: 1174-82.

8. Farquhar H, Crane J, Mitchell EA, Eyers S, Beasley R. The acetaminophen and asthma hypothesis 10 years on: a case to answer. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 649-51.

9. Farquhar H, Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A, Simmonds M, Beasley R. Systematic review of studies of the effect of hyperoxia on coronary blood flow. Am Heart J 2009; 158: 371-7.

10. Flohr C, Weinmayr G, Weiland SK, AddoYobo E, Annesi-Maesano I, Björkstén B, Bråbäck L, Büchele G, Chico M, Cooper P, Clausen M, El Sharif N, Martinez Gimeno A, Mathur RS, von Mutius E, Morales Suarez-Varela M, Pearce N, Svabe V, Wong GWK, Yu M, Zhong NS, Williams HC and the ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. How well do questionnaires perform compared with physical examination in detecting flexural eczema? Findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 846-53.

11. Foliaki S, Pearce N, Björkstén B, Mallol J, Montefort S, von Mutius E and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III Study Group. Antibiotic

use in infancy and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in children 6 and 7 years old: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 982-9.

12. Genuneit J, Cantelmo JL, Weinmayr G, Wong GWK, Cooper PJ, Riikjärv M-A, Gotua M, Kabesch M, von Mutius E, Forastiere F, Crane J, Nystad W, El-Sharif N, Batlles-Garrido J, GarciaMarcos L, Garcia-Hernández G, Morales-SuarezVarela M, Nilsson L, Bråbäck L, Saraçlar Y, Weiland SK, Cookson WOC, Strachan D, Moffatt MF and the ISAAC Phase 2 Study Group. A multicentre study of candidate genes for wheeze and allergy: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase 2. Clin Exper Allergy 2009; 39: 1875-88.

13. Hart K, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Frequency of dosing and comparative doses of mometasone furoate: a meta-analysis. Respirol 2009; 14: 1166-72.

14. Holt S, Gilbey A. A survey of New Zealand patients’ preferred characteristics of their general practitioners. NZMJ 2009; 122(1307): 127-8.

5. Holt S, Gilbey A. Beliefs about homeopathy among patients presenting at GP surgeries. NZMJ 2009; 122: 94-95.

16. Holt S, Gilbey A. Response to letter from the NZ council of homeopaths. NZMJ 2009; 122: 87-88.

17. Holt S, Gilbey A. Use of placebos by New Zealand doctors. NZMJ 2009; 122: 84-86.

18. Holt S, Helm C, Corin A, Tofield C, Williams M, Weatherall M. A pilot study of the efficacy of a vitamin C-containing showerhead on symptoms of eczema. NZMJ 2009; 122: 91-92.

19. Holt S. New Zealand general practitioners’ opinions of the polypill concept. NZMJ 2009; 122: 116-117.

20. Holt S. Time to implement the polypill approach. NZMJ 2009;1 22: 88-89.

21. Judson G, Bird R, O’Connor P, Bevin T, Loan R, Schroder M, McGrath R, Weatherall M, Moriarty H, Robinson G. Drug injecting in patients in New Zealand methadone maintenance treatment programs: an anonymous survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010; 29: 41-6.

22. Lai CKW, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S, the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and

severity of asthma symptoms: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2009; 64: 476-83.

23. Levin E, Macintosh D, Baker T, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Effect of sitting in ergonomic chairs on lower limb venous blood flow. Occupational Ergonomics 2008/2009; 8: 125-32.

24. McPherson K, Kayes N, Weatherall M on behalf of all members of the Goal-SR Research Group. A pilot study of self-regulation informed goal setting in people with traumatic brain injury. Clin Rehab 2009; 23: 296-309.

25. Nagel G, Büchele G, Weinmayr G, Björkstén B, Chen Y-Z, Wang H, Nystad W, Saraclar Y, Bråbäck L, Batlles-Garrido J, GarciaHernandez G, Weilland SK and the ISAAC Phase II Study Group. Effect of breastfeeding on asthma, lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity in ISAAC Phase II. Eur Respir J 2009: 33: 993-1002.

26. Odhiambo J, Williams H, Clayton T, Robertson C, Asher MI and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 1251-8.

27. Sellman JD, Robinson GM, Beasley R. Should ethanol be scheduled as a drug of high risk to public health? J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23: 94-100.

28. Siebers R, Holt S, Healy B, Beasley R, Burgess C. High blood pressure advice given by natural health food stores. NZMJ 2009; 122(1293): 11-15.

29. Weatherall M, Clay J, James K, Perrin K, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Dose-response relationship of inhaled corticosteroids and cataracts: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Respirology 2009; 14: 983-90.

30. Weatherall M, Marsh S, Shirtcliffe P, Williams M, Travers J, Beasley R. Quality of life measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and spirometry. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 1025-30.

31. Weatherall M, Travers J, Shirtcliffe PM, Marsh SE, Williams MV, Nowitz MR, Aldington S, Beasley R. Distinct clinical phenotypes of airways disease defined by cluster analysis. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 812-8.

32. Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A, Simmonds M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Routine use of oxygen in the treatment of myocardial infarction: systematic review. Heart 2009; 95: 198-202.

33. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Beasley R. Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy. NZMJ 2009; 122: 19-23.

34. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Crane J, Beasley R. International trends in asthma mortality rates in the 5-to 34-year age group: a call for closer surveillance. Chest 2009; 135: 1045-9.

35. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Harwood M, Beasley R. Risk of mortality associated with formoterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 80311.

2008

1. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, Weatherall M, Beckert L, Hansell A, Pritchard A, Robinson G, Beasley R. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 280-6.

2. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, Weatherall M, Beckert L, Hansell A, Pritchard A, Robinson G, Beasley R. Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: case-control study. Otolaryngol — Head & Neck Cancer 2008; 138: 374-80.

3. Aldington S, Pritchard A, Perrin K, James K, Wijesinghe M, Beasley R. Prolonged seated immobility at work is a common risk factor for venous thromboembolism leading to hospital admission. Int Med J 2008; 38: 133-5.

4. Anderson HR, Gupta R, Kapetanakis V, Asher MI, Clayton T, Robertson CF, Strachan DP and the ISAAC Steering Committee. International correlations between indicators of prevalence, hospital admissions and mortality for asthma in children. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37: 573-82.

5. Beasley R, Bibby S, Weatherall M. Leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy and Churg-Strauss Syndrome — culprit or innocent bystander? Thorax 2008; 63: 847-9.

6. Beasley R, Clayton T, Crane J, von Mutius E, Lai CKW, Montefort S, Stewart A and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Association between paracetamol use in infancy and childhood, and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in children aged 6-7 years: analysis from Phase Three of the ISAAC programme. Lancet 2008; 372: 1039-48.

7. Björkstén B, Clayton T, Ellwood P, Stewart A, Strachan D and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global time trends for

symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19: 110-24.

8. Flohr C, Weiland SK, Weinmayr G, Björkstén B, Bråbäck L, Brunekreef B, Büchele G, Clausen M, Cookson WOC, von Mutius E, Strachan DP, Williams HC and the ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. The role of atopic sensitization in flexural eczema: findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Two. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121: 141-7.

9. Gehring U, Strikwold M, Schram-Bijkerk D, Weinmayr G, Genuneit J, Nagel G, Wickens K, Siebers R, Crane J, Doekes G, Di Domenicantonio R, Nilsson L, Priftanji A, Sandin A, El-Sharif N, Strachan D, van Hage M, von Mutius E, Brunekreef B, ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. Asthma and allergic symptoms in relation to house dust endotoxin: Phase Two of the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC II). Clin Exper Allergy 2008; 38: 1911-20.

10. Holt S. The responses of alternative practitioners when approached about common childhood illnesses. NZMJ 2008; 114-6.

11. Holt S, Walker P. Much room for improvement — Asthma Survey reveals high levels of inadequately controlled asthma. New Zealand Pharmacy August 2008; 24-5.

12. Loh LC, Hui DS, Beasley R. Introduction: Avian influenza: from basic biology to pandemic planning. Respirology 2008; 13 Suppl 1: S1.

13. Ly Q, Ashgar M, Young J, Robinson G, Weatherall M. Medication histories — can pharmacist training of junior medical staff improve accuracy? NZ Pharmacy J 2008; 11: 203.

14. Marsh SE, Travers J, Weatherall M, Williams MV, Aldington S, Shirtcliffe PM, Hansell AL, Nowitz MR, McNaughton AA, Soriano JB, Beasley RW. Proportional classifications of COPD phenotypes. Thorax 2008; 761-7.

15. Ministry of Health. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Quality Improvement Programme. Wellington, Ministry of Health 2008.

16. Robinson G. Doctors’ poor health – still an issue? Medical Council News 2008; 46: 7-8.

17. Robinson G, McCann K, Freeman P, Beasley R. The New Zealand national junior doctors’ strike: implications for the provision of

acute hospital medical services. Clin Med 2008; 8: 272-5.

18. Weatherall M, James K, Clay J, Perrin K, Masoli M, Wijesinghe M, Beasley R. Doseresponse relationship for risk of non-vertebral fracture with inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38: 1451-8.

19. Weinmayr G, Forastiere F, Weiland SK, Rzehak P, Abramidze T, Annesi-Maesano I, Björkstén B, Brunekreef B, Büchele G, Cookson WOC, von Mutius E, Pistelli R, Strachan DP and the ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. International variation in prevalence of rhinitis and its relationship with sensitisation to perennial and seasonal allergens. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 125061.

20. West J, Perrin K, Aldington S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. A case-control study of seated immobility at work as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. J R Soc Med 2008; 101: 237-43.

21. Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Harwood M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The risk of asthma mortality with inhaled long acting ß-agonists. Postgrad Med J 2008; 84: 467-72.

22. Williams H, Stewart A, von Mutius E, Cookson B, Anderson HR and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One and Three Study Groups. Is eczema really on the increase worldwide? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121: 947-54.

2007

1. Aldington S, Beasley R. The assessment and management of severe asthma in adults in hospital. Thorax 2007; 62: 447-58.

2. Aldington S, Thompson I, Robinson G, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: information technology in medicine – a prerequisite for clinical competency. StudentBMJ 2007; 14: 194-6.

3. Aldington S, Williams M, Nowitz M, Weatherall M, Pritchard A, McNaughton A, Robinson G, Beasley R. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax 2007; 62: 1058-63.

4. Beasley R, Aldington S, Robinson G. Is it time to change the approach to oxygen therapy in the breathless patient? Thorax 2007; 62: 840-1.

5. Beasley R, Aldington S, Weatherall M, Robinson G, McHaffie D. Oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction: an historical perspective. J R Soc Med 2007; 100: 130-3.

6. Beasley R, Aldington S. Magnesium in the treatment of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7: 107-10.

7. Braye K, Harwood TJS, Inder R, Beasley R, Robinson GM. Poppy seed tea: an increasing opiate abuse phenomenon in New Zealand. Drug & Alcohol Review 2007; 26: 215-9.

8. Caldwell B, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Metcalfe S. Balancing the risks and benefits of celecoxib. Am J Med 2007; 120: e17.

9. Charles T, Quinn D, Weatherall M, Aldington S, Beasley R, Holt S. An audiovisual reminder function improves adherence with inhaled corticosteroid therapy in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119: 811-6.

10. Lee YC, Beasley R. Respirology year-inreview 2006: clinical science. Respirology 2007; 12: 6-15.

11. Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams M, Weatherall M, Robiony-Rogers D, Jones D, Beasley R. Plumonary function testing in New Zealand: the use and importance of reference ranges. Respirology 2007; 12: 367-74.

12. Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams MV, Nowitz MR, Kingzett-Taylor A, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe PM, McNaughton AA, Pritchard A, Beasley R. Utility of lung density measurements in the diagnosis of emphysema. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1512-20.

13. Pearce N, Aït-Khaled N, Beasley R, Mallol J, Keil U, Mitchell E, Robertson C and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2007; 62: 758-66.

14. Robinson G, Morreau J, Leighton M, Beasley R. New hospital consultant: surviving a difficult period. NZ Med J 2007; 120(1259): U2662.

15. Robinson G, Narasimhan S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Hemochromatosis gene mutations, liver function tests and iron status in alcohol-dependent patients admitted for detoxification. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 852-61.

16. Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Marsh S, Travers J, Hansell A, McNaughton A, Aldington S, Muellerova H, Beasley R. COPD prevalence

in a random population survey: a matter of definition. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 232-9.

17. Travers J, Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams M, Shirtcliffe P, Pritchard A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Reference ranges for exhaled nitric oxide derived from a random community survey of adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 238-42.

18. Travers J, Marsh S, Caldwell B, Williams M, Aldington S, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. External validity of randomized controlled trials in COPD. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1313-20.

19. Travers J, Marsh S, Williams M, Weatherall M, Caldwell B, Shirtcliffe P, Aldington S, Beasley R. External validity of randomised controlled trials in asthma: to whom do the results of the trials apply? Thorax 2007; 62: 21923.

20. Weinmayr G, Weiland SK, Björkstén B, Brunekreef B, Büchele G, Cookson WOC, Garcia-Marcos L, Gotua M, Gratziou C, van Hage M, von Mutius E, Riikjärv M-A, Rzehak P, Stein RT, Strachan DP, Tsanakas J, Wickens K, Wong GW, ISAAC Phase Two Study Group. Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 565-74.

2006

1. Aldington S, Beasley R, Robinson G. From medical student to junior doctor: working outside the box. StudentBMJ (June) 2006; 14: 238-9.

2. Aldington S, Robinson G, Beasley R. Improving the use and interpretation of diagnostic tests in pulmonary embolism. NZMJ 2006; 119(1237): U2057.

3. Aldington S, Robinson GM, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: care of the deceased patient. StudentBMJ (February) 2006;1 4: 60-1.

4. Aldington S, Williams M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Duration of action of the salmeterol/ fluticasone combination inhaler administered in the evening: a randomized controlled trial in childhood asthma. Respirology 2006; 11: 638-42.

5. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CKW, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, Williams H, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet 2006; 368: 733-43.

6. Balm MN, Truong HT, Choudhary AS, Robinson GM, Blackmore TK. Streptococcus gallinaceus bacteraemia in an abattoir worker presenting with a febrile illness. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55(Pt 7): 957-9.

7. Barnes ML, Lipworth BJ, Weatherall M, Masoli M, Beasley R. Clinical importance of the Step 3 choice in asthma. Thorax 2006; 61(2):1801.

8. Beasley R. A historical perspective of the New Zealand asthma mortality epidemics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 225-8.

9. Beasley R, McNaughton A, Robinson G. New look at the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Lancet 2006; 367: 1124-6.

10. Beasley R, Robinson G, Aldington S. From medical student to junior doctor: accepting the responsibility of informed consent. StudentBMJ (March) 2006; 14: 94-6.

11. Bernau S, Aldington S, Robinson G, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: the medical handover — a good habit to cultivate. StudentBMJ (May) 2006; 14: 188-9.

12. Burgess C, Blaikie A, Ingham T, Robinson G, Narasimhan S. Monitoring the use of amiodarone: compliance with guidelines. Int Med J 2006; 36: 289-93.

13. Caldwell B, Aldington S, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Risk of cardiovascular events and celecoxib: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J R Soc Med 2006; 99: 132-40.

14. Chapman KR, Mannino DM, Soriano JB, Vermeire PA, Buist AS, Thun MJ, Connell C, Jemal A, Lee TA, Miravitiles M, Aldington S, Beasley R. Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006; 27: 188-207.

15. Feigin V, Carter K, Hackett M, Barber PA, McNaughton H, Dyall L, Chen MH, Anderson C. Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study Group. Ethnic disparities in incidence of stroke subtypes: Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study, 2002-2003. Lancet Neurology 2006; 5: 130-9.

16. Hughes R, Heuser T, Hill S, RyderLewis S, Weatherall M, Hopkins R, Beasley R. Recent air travel and venous thromboembolism resulting in hospital admission. Respirology 2006; 11: 75-9.

17. Lee YC, Beasley R. A year in review: Respirology 2005 - clinical science. Respirology 2006; 11: 124-30.

18. Lord SE, Rochester L, Weatherall M, McPherson KM, McNaughton HK. The effect of environment and task on gait parameters after stroke: A randomized comparison of measurement conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2006; 87:967-73.

19. Marsh S, Aldington S, Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Smoking and COPD: what really are the risks? Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 883-4.

20. Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams M, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, McNaughton A, Pritchard A, Beasley R. Complete reference ranges for pulmonary function tests from a single New Zealand population. NZMJ 2006; 119(1244): U2281.

21. Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams MV, Nowitz M, Kingzett-Taylor A, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Pritchard A, Beasley R. Physiological associations of computerized tomography lung density: a factor analysis. Int J COPD 2006; 1: 181-7.

22. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Inhaled fluticasone propionate and adrenal effects in adult asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 960-7.

23. Masoli M, Williams, M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The 24h duration of bronchodilator action of the budesonide/formoterol combination inhaler. Respir Med 2006; 100: 20-5.

24. McCormick R, Sellman D, Robinson G. Where to next with tobacco smokers? NZMJ 2006; 119(1238): U2084.

25. McNaughton H, Kayes N, McPherson K. Interferon beta, PHARMAC, and political directives: in the best interests of people with multiple sclerosis? NZMJ 2006; 119(1232): U1939.

26. Robinson G, Aldington S, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: clinical pharmacology to prescribing responsibility. StudentBMJ (January) 2006; 14: 8-9.

27. Robinson G, Aldington S, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: rules of confidentiality. StudentBMJ (October) 2006; 14: 377-9.

28. Robinson G, Beasley R, Aldington S. From medical student to junior doctor: the “difficult patient”. StudentBMJ (July) 2006; 14: 278-9.

29. Robinson G, Bernau S, Aldington S, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: maintaining good health during the “baptism of fire”. StudentBMJ (April) 2006; 14: 138-9.

30. Robinson G, Bernau S, Aldington S, Beasley R. From medical student to junior doctor: the night shift. StudentBMJ (November) 2006; 14: 422-4.

31. Taylor WJ, Wong A, Siegert RJ, McNaughton HK. Effectiveness of a clinical pathway for acute stroke care in a district general hospital: an audit. BMC Health Services Research 2006; 6: 16.

32. Weatherall M, Aldington S, Caldwell B, Beasley R. Inconsistencies in cardiovascular data from COX-2 inhibitor trials – is it a class effect? J R Soc Med 2006; 99: 275-6.

33. Walker P, Holt S, Timu-Parata C, Beasley R. Use of bupropion for smoking cessation. New Zealand Pharmacy 2006; 26: 32-

magnesium sulphate for acute asthma: a systematic review. Chest 2005; 128: 337-44.

8. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Beasley R, Clayton TO, Stewart AW, ISAAC Steering Committee. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): Phase three rationale and methods. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9(1): 10-6.

9. Harwood M, Aldington S, Beasley R. Lung cancer in Māori: a neglected priority. NZMJ 2005; 118(1213): U1410.

10. Holt S, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma. New Zealand Pharmacy 2005; 25: 29-31.

11. Holt S, Harwood M, Aldington S, Beasley R. PHARMAC and tobacco control in New Zealand: Government policy “up in smoke”. NZMJ 2005; 118(1216): U1502.

12. Holt S, Holt A, Weatherall M, Masoli M, Beasley R. Metered dose inhalers – a need for dose-counters. Respirology 2005; 10: 105-6.

2005

1. Aldington S, Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Increased risk of cardiovascular events with parecoxib/valdecoxib: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NZMJ 2005; 118(1226): U1755.

2. Aldington S, Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of major cardiovascular events with etoricoxib therapy. NZ Med J 2005; 118(1223): U1684.

3. Baker N, Holt S, Caldwell B, Beasley R. Vioxx and the COX-2 controversy. New Zealand Pharmacy 2005.

4. Beasley R, Aldington S, Robinson GM. The transition from medical student to junior doctor: how to approach the interpretation of investigations. StudentBMJ 2005; 13: 446-8.

5. Beasley R, Heuser P, Raymond N. SIT (seated immobility thromboembolism) syndrome: a 21st century lifestyle hazard. NZMJ 2005; 118(1212): U1376.

6. Beasley R, Robinson GM, Aldington S. From medical student to junior doctor: the “scripted” guide to patient clerking. StudentBMJ (November) 2005; 13: 412-3.

7. Blitz M, Blitz S, Hughes R, Diner B, Beasley R, Knopp J, Rowe BH. Aerosolized

13. Holt S, Ryder-Lewis S, Masoli M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Fixed and adjustable dose asthma action plans based on combination therapy: a pilot study. Respirology 2005; 10: 497-503.

14. Holt S, Timu-Parata C, Ryder-Lewis S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Efficacy of bupropion in the indigenous Māori population in New Zealand. Thorax 2005; 60: 120-3.

15. Hughes R, Thomson K, Hopkins R, Weatherall M, Wiltshire C, Wilsher M, Beasley R. Determinants of plasma D-dimer levels in a travelling population. J Thromb Haemostas 2005; 3(11): 2445-8.

16. Humbert M, Beasley R, Ayres J, Slavin R, Hébert J, Bousquet J, Beeh K-M, Ramos S, Canonica GW, Hedgecock S, Fox H, Blogg M, Surrey K. Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE. Allergy 2005; 60: 30916.

17. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Ayling J, Williams M, Beasley R. The 24 h duration of bronchodilator action of the salmeterol/ fluticasone combination inhaler. Respir Med 2005; 99: 545-52.

18. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Fluticasone given once versus twice a day: meta-analysis. Respirology 2005; 10: 183-8.

3.

19. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Optimal starting dose of inhaled corticosteroids in adult asthma: why has it taken so long? Thorax 2005; 60: 93-4 (editorial).

20. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, Beasley R. Moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids plus salmeterol versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids in symptomatic asthma. Thorax 2005; 60: 730-4.

21. McNaughton H, Barber PA, Gommans J, Nowitz M. Management problems of spontaneous ICH. Hosp Med 2005; 66(4): 22934.

22. McNaughton HK, deJong G, Smout RJ, Melvin JL, Brandstater M. A comparison of stroke rehabilitation practice and outcomes between New Zealand and United States facilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86(12 Suppl 2): S115-S120.

23. McNaughton HK, Weatherall M, McPherson KM. Functional measures across neurologic disease states: analysis of factors in common. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86(11): 2184-8.

24. McNaughton HK. Traumatic Brain Injury. Evidence-Based Healthcare Bullet in 2005; (February).

25. McPherson KM, McNaughton HK. When is a stroke unit not a stroke unit? Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14(1): 6.

26. Pendergraft TB, Stanford RH, Beasley R, Stempel DA, McLaughlin T. Seasonal variation in asthma-related hospital and intensive care unit admissions. J Asthma 2005; 42: 265-71.

27. Perrin K, Prasad S, Robinson G. Survey of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians examination candidates: preparation and impact on lifestyle. Intern Med J 2005; 35: 680-2.

28. Perrin K, Robinson P, Beasley R. Venous thromboembolism in medical inpatients — the silent epidemic of neglect [Editorial]. J R Soc Med 2005; 98: 484-5.

29. Robinson G, Narasimhan S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Raised plasma homocysteine levels in alcoholism: increasing the risk of heart disease and dementia? NZ Med J 2005; 118(1216): U1490.

30. Weatherall M, Aldington S, Shirtcliffe P, Caldwell B, Beasley R. COX-2 inhibitors —first, do no harm. NZ Med J 2005; 118(1211): U1359.

2004

1. Beasley R, Robinson G, McNaughton A. The transition from medical student to junior doctor: an A to Z guide. BMJ Careers 2004 (31 July); 45-6 and StudentBMJ 2004 (September): 323.

2. Bramley D, Riddell T, Crengle S, Curtis E, Harwood M, Nehua D, Reid P. A call to action on Māori cardiovascular health. NZMJ 2004; 117.

3. DuMouchel W, Smith ET, Beasley R, Nelson H, Yang X, Fram D, Almenoff JS. Association of asthma therapy and ChurgStrauss syndrome: an analysis of postmarketing surveillance data. Clin Ther 2004; 26: 1092-104.

4. Foliaki S, Kildegaard Nielsen S, Björkstén B, von Mutius E, Cheng S, Pearce N, ISAAC Phase 1 Study Group. Antibiotic sales and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33: 558-63.

5. Goldkorn A, Diotto P, Burgess C, Weatherall M, Holt S, Beasley R, Siebers R. The pulmonary and extra-pulmonary effects of highdose formoterol in COPD: A comparison with salbutamol. Respirology 2004; 9(1): 102-8.

6. Heuser P, Tonga K, Hopkins R, Henderson M, Weatherall M, Metcalfe S, Beasley R. Specific oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism resulting in hospital admission. NZ Med J 2004; 117(1206): U1176.

7. Holt S, Masoli M, Beasley R. Increasing compliance with inhaled corticosteroids through the use of combination therapy. [Editorial]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113(2): 219-20.

8. Holt S, Masoli M, Beasley R. The use of the self-management plan system of care in adult asthma. Prim Care Resp J 2004; 13: 19-27.

9. Levack W, McPherson K, McNaughton H. Success in the workplace following traumatic brain injury: are we evaluating what is most important? Disabil Rehabil 2004; 26(5): 290-8.

10. Lord SE, McPherson K, McNaughton HK, Rochester L, Weatherall M. Community ambulation after stroke: how important and obtainable is it and what measures appear predictive? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85(2): 234-9.

11. Masoli M, Beasley R. Asthma exacerbations and inhaled corticosteroids. Lancet 2004; 363: 1236.

12. Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004; 59: 469-78.

13. Masoli M, Holt S, Weatherall M, Beasley

R. Dose-response relationship of inhaled budesonide in adult asthma: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 552-8.

14. Masoli M, Holt S, Weatherall M, Beasley

R. The dose-response relationship of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Current Allergy & Asthma Reports 2004; 4(2): 144-8.

15. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Beasley

R. Budesonide once versus twice daily administration: meta-analysis. Respirology 2004; 9: 528-34.

16. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, Beasley

R. Clinical dose-response relationship of fluticasone propionate in adults with asthma. Thorax 2004; 59: 16-20.

17. Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, Beasley

R. Systematic review of the dose-response relation of inhaled fluticasone propionate. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89: 902-7.

18. McNaughton H. Doctors playing at politics. BMJ 2004; 329(7471): 925.

19. McNaughton HK. Organised stroke services. NZ Pharmacy 2004; (May): 24-7.

20. McPherson K, Myers J, Taylor WJ, McNaughton HK, Weatherall M. Self-valuation and societal valuations of health state differ with disease severity in chronic and disabling conditions. Med Care 2004; 42(11): 1143-51.

21. McPherson KM, Brander P, Taylor WJ, McNaughton HK. Consequences of stroke, arthritis and chronic pain – are there important similarities? Disabil Rehabil 2004; 26(16): 98899.

22. Narasimhan S, Robinson GM. Wellens syndrome: a combined variant. J Postgrad Med 2004; 50: 73-4.

23. Pendergraft TB, Stanford RH, Beasley R, Stempel DA, Roberts C, McLaughlin T. Rates and characteristics of intensive care unit admissions and intubations among asthmarelated hospitalizations. Ann Allergy, Asthma Immunol 2004; 93: 29-35.

24. Shirtcliffe PM, Easthope SE, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Effect of repeated intradermal

injections of heat-inactivated Mycobacteirum bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin in adult asthma. Clin Exper Allergy 2004; 34: 207-12.

25. Weiland SK, Björkstén B, Brunekreef B, Cookson WOC, von Mutius E, Strachan DP and the ISAAC Phase II Study Group. Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 406-12.

26. Weiland SK, Hüsing A, Strachan DP, Rzehak P, Pearce N and the ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61: 609-15.

2003

1. Beasley R, Ellwood P, Asher I. International patterns of the prevalence of pediatric asthma: The ISAAC program. Pediatr Clin N Am 2003; 50: 539-53.

2. Beasley R, Heuser P, Masoli M. One name to rule them all: one name to find them – Lord of the Rings and the “seated immobility thromboembolism” (SIT) syndrome. NZMJ J 2003; 116(1177): U498.

3. Beasley R, Masoli M. Asthma in New Zealand – time to get control. NZMJ 2003; 116(1174): U434.

4. Beasley R, Raymond N, Hill S, Nowitz M, Hughes R. eThrombosis: the 21st century variant of thrombosis associated with immobility. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 374-6.

5. Burr ML, Emberlin JC, Treu R, Cheng S, Pearce NE, ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Pollen counts in relation to the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33: 1675-80.

6. Crane J, Mallol J, Beasley R, Stewart A, Asher MI on behalf of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase 1 study group. Agreement between written and video questionnaires for comparing asthma symptoms on ISAAC. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 455-61.

7. Gommans J, Barber A, McNaughton H, Hanger C, Bennett P, Spriggs D, Baskett J. Stroke rehabilitation services in New Zealand. NZMJ 2003; 116(1174): U435.

8. Greenslade E, Beasley R, Jennings L, Woodward A, Weinstein P. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) has been introduced into New Zealand. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003; 9: 138-40.

9. Hughes R, Goldkorn A, Masoli M, Weatherall M, Burgess C, Beasley R. The use of isotonic nebulised magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to salbutamol in the treatment of severe asthma in adults. Lancet 2003; 361: 2114-

7.

10. Hughes R, Hopkins RJ, Hill S, Weatherall M, Van de Water N, Nowitz M, Milne D, Wilsher M, Ayling J, Beasley R. Frequency of venous thromboembolism in low to moderate risk long distance air travellers: the New Zealand Air Traveller’s Thrombosis (NZATT) Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 2039-44.

11. Masoli M, Beasley R. Diagnosis and management of adult asthma. Medicine 2003; 31: 63-8.

12. Masoli M, Holt S, Beasley R. What to do at step 3 of the asthma guidelines – increase the dose of inhaled corticosteroids or add a longacting ß-agonist drug? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112: 10-2 (Editorial).

13. Masoli M, Holt S, Hughes G, Beasley R. An adult asthma assessment and management protocol for use in the emergency department. NZMJ 2003; 116: 1-7.

14. McNaughton H, McPherson K, Taylor W, Weatherall M. Relationship Between Process and Outcome in Stroke Care. Stroke 2003; 34(3): 713-7.

15. McNaughton H, McPherson K. Problems occurring late after poliomyelitis: a rehabilitation approach. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med 2003; 15: 295-308.

16. McPherson KM, Harwood M, McNaughton HK. Ethnicity, equity and quality: lessons from New Zealand (Nga matawaka, nga ahua tika me nga painga: nga akoranga no Aotearoa). Qual Saf Health Care 2003; 12(4): 237-

8.

17. McPherson KM, Harwood M, McNaughton HK. Ethnicity, equity, and quality: lessons from New Zealand. BMJ 2003; 327(7412): 443-4.

18. Myers JA, McPherson KM, Taylor WJ, Weatherall M, McNaughton HK. Duration of condition is unrelated to health-state valuation on the EuroQoL. Clin Rehabil 2003; 17(2): 209-15.

19. Neill AM, Wai HS, Bannan SPT, Beasley CR, Weatherall M, Campbell AJ. Humidified nasal continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 258-62.

20. Shirtcliffe PM, Goldkorn A, Weatherall M, Tan PLJ, Beasley R. Pilot study of the safety and effect of intranasal delipidated and acidtreated Mycobacterium vaccae in adult asthma. Respirology 2003; 8: 497-503.

21. Watson MW, Beasley R, Holgate ST, Bardin PG. Rhinovirus is not detectable in peripheral lung tissue after asthma death. Respirology 2003; 8: 234-8.

2002

1. Beasley R, Masoli M. Evidence that current therapeutic goals have not been met in asthma. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2002; 11(Suppl 1): S3-S6.

2. Beasley R, Page C, Lichtenstein L. Airway remodelling in asthma. Clin Exp All Rev 2002; 109-16.

3. Beasley R, Shirtcliffe P, Harper JL, Holt S, Le Gros G. Mycobacterium-based vaccines for the prevention of allergic disease – a progress report. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32: 1128-30 (editorial).

4. Beasley R. Management approaches to reduce asthma mortality. Proceedings of the 12th Spring Meeting of the Japanese Society of Allergology 2002; 21-9.

5. Beasley R. The burden of asthma with specific reference to the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109: S482-S489.

6. Cape G S, Ivory S-J, Sellman D, Robinson G, Adams P. Evaluation of alcohol & drug education and training in NZ medical students. Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2002; 4(3): 61-74.

7. Chambers G K, Day D J, Marshall S J, Robinson G M. Alcohol Dependence: Advances in understanding, diagnosis and treatment. NZ Sci Rev 2002; 59: 35-41.

8. Chambers G K, Marshall S J, Robinson G M, Maguire S, Newton-Howes J, Chong N L. The genetics of alcoholism in Polynesians: alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes in young men. Alcoholism: Clin & Exper Res 2002; 26: 949–55.

9. Crane J, Wickens K, Beasley R, Fitzharris P. Asthma and allergy: a worldwide problem of meanings and management? Allergy 2002; 57: 663-72.

10. Healy B, Burgess C, Siebers R, Beasley R, Weatherall M, Holt S. Do natural health food stores require regulation? NZ Med J 2002; 115: U165.

11. Hill S, Hughes R, Crutch E, Phillips J, Carter J, Beasley R. D-dimer testing in the investigation of venous thromboembolism. NZ Med Lab Sci 2002; 56: 57-62.

12. Llewellin P, Sawyer G, Lewis S, Cheng S, Weatherall M, Fitzharris P, Beasley R. The relationship between FEV1 and PEF in the assessment of the severity of airways obstruction. Respirology 2002; 7: 333-7.

13. Masoli M, Hughes R, Hughes G, Beasley R. Assessment and management of acute severe asthma in adults: protocols for the emergency department. The Asthma Journal 2002; 7: 144-7.

14. McNaughton H, Harwood M. Traumatic brain injury: assessment and management. Hosp Med 2002; 63(1): 8-11.

15. McNaughton H, Weatherall M, McPherson K, Taylor W, Harwood M. The comparability of community outcomes for European and non-European survivors of stroke in New Zealand. NZMJ 2002; 115(1149): 98-100.

16. McNaughton H, Weatherall M, McPherson K, Taylor W, Harwood M. The comparability of resource utilisation for Europeans and non-Europeans following stroke in New Zealand. NZMJ 2002; 115(1149): 101-3.

17. McNaughton H. Lowering lipids after a stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Hosp Med 2002; 63: 88-91.

18. Mitchell EA, Stewart AW on behalf of the ISAAC Phase One Study Group. The ecological relationship of tobacco smoking to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and other atopic diseases in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Eur J Epidemiol 2002; 17: 667-73.

19. Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Beasley R on behalf of the ISAAC Phase One Study Group. An inverse correlation between estimated tuberculosis notification rates and asthma symptoms. Respirology 2002; 7: 153-5.

20. Tobias M, Cheung J, McNaughton H. Modelling the impact of stroke in New Zealand. Public Health Intelligence Bulletin. Wellington, 2002.

21. Yee B, Campbell A, Beasley R, Neill A. Sleep disorders: a potential role in New Zealand motor vehicle accidents. Int Med J 2002; 32: 297-304.

BOOKS, CHAPTERS & REPORTS

1. Aldington S, Beasley R. The definition and diagnosis of asthma. In: Asthma: An Atlas of Investigation and Management. Reid P (ed). Clinical Publishing: London 2006.

2. Baskett JJ, McNaughton H (eds). New Zealand Stroke Guideline 2003. Ministry of Health, Wellington.

3. Beasley R, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K. Epidemiology of asthma mortality. In: Allergy Frontiers: Epigenetics, Allergens and Risk Factors. Pawankar R, Holgate ST, Rosenwasser LJ (Eds). Tokyo: Springer 2009. pp 107-122.

4. Beasley R, Douwes J, Pekkanen J, Pearce NE. How much asthma can be attributed to atopic sensitization? In: Asthma: Critical Debates. Johnston SL, Holgate ST (eds). London: Blackwell Science 2002; 35-45.

5. Beasley R, Town I, Fitzharris P. Diagnosis and assessment of asthma. In: Respiratory Medicine 3rd Edition, Volume 2, Gibson GJ, Geddes DM, Costabel U, Sterk PJ, Corrin B (eds). Elsevier Science Limited 2003; pp 1306-22.

6. Chancellor AW, McNaughton H. Motor Neurone disease, spinal cord and back problems. In Lancet Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Ed CPW Warlow. Lancet Publications 2005.

7. Fingleton J, Beasley R. Individualised treatment for asthma. In: Advances in Asthma Management. 2012 Future Medicine Ltd; 156-166.

8. Holgate S, Beasley R (eds). The Royal Society of Medicine - Your Guide to Asthma. Hodder Arnold 2005; 125p.

9. Holt S, Beasley R. The Burden of Asthma in New Zealand. Asthma & Respiratory Foundation of New Zealand Inc and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Auckland: Adis International Ltd 2002; p 48.

10. Holt S. Miracle Pill. Will You Take the PolyPill? Published by Random House New Zealand, 2009 (ISBN 978-1-877408-15-1).

11. Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. NHLBI/WHO Workshop Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2004. P119.

12. Masoli M, Holt S, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the management of asthma in adults. In: Li JT (ed). The Pharmacotherapy of Asthma. New York: Taylor & Francis Group 2006; Volume 212: 83-115.

13. McNaughton H, Gommans J (eds). Preventing Stroke. Stroke Foundation of New Zealand, 2nd ed 2004.

14. McNaughton H, Gommans J (eds). Stress and Stroke. Stroke Foundation of New Zealand, 2nd ed 2004.

15. McNaughton H, Gommans J (eds). Understanding Stroke. Stroke Foundation of New Zealand, 2nd ed 2004.

16. McNaughton H, Gommans J (eds). Understanding Transient Ischaemic Attacks. Stroke Foundation of New Zealand, Wellington 2003.

17. McNaughton H. Management of Back pain. In: Evidence-based Neurology. Eds Candelisa, Warlow. Blackwell 2005.

18. Roberts PR. Snakes and Ladders: the pursuit of a safety culture in New Zealand public hospitals. Institute of Policy Studies and Health Services Research Centre, June 2003, 185pp.

19 Robinson GM. Contribution to Chapters 6 (Opioids), 7 (Alcohol) and 11 (Sedative–Hypnotics). In: Management of Alcohol and Drug Problems. Hulse G, White J, Cape G (eds). Oxford University Press 2002. ISBN 0 19 551331 2.

20. Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma. In: Public Health in the 21st Century. Vol 2: Disease Management. Ed. Madelon L. Finkel. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishing 2011. 99-116.

21. Travers J, Marsh S, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. External validity of pharmaceutical trials in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Treating Individuals: from randomised trials to personalised medicine in routine practice Rothwell PM (ed). Elsevier Ltd 2007, pp 131-5.

Awards

2001

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Matire Harwood

World Lung Health Award, American Thoracic Society, Richard Beasley

2002

European Respiratory Society Research Fellowship, Rodney Hughes

2006

John McLeod Award, Hauora Māori Scholarship, Ministry of Health, Matire Harwood

Excellence in Postgraduate Study Hauora Māori Scholarship, Ministry Health, Matire Harwood

2007

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Kyle Perrin

2008

Ministry of Health Hauora Māori Fellowship, Matire Harwood

Companion, New Zealand Order of Merit, Richard Beasley

2009

Health Research Council of New Zealand

Clinical Training Fellowship, Sally Eyers

2010

Asia Pacific Society of Respirology Woolcock Research Medal, Richard Beasley

Royal College of Physicians of Ireland James Smiley Lecture Medal, Richard Beasley

2011

Royal Australasian College of Physicians

John Sands Medal, Geoffrey Robinson

2012

Health Research Council of New Zealand

Clinical Training Fellowship, Janine Pilcher

2013

Asthma Australia National Award, Richard Beasley

Victoria University Wellington Miller Prize for Clinical Research, Janine Pilcher

2014

Royal Australasian College of Physicians 75th Anniversary Award, Geoffrey Robinson

Health Research Council of New Zealand

Clinical Training Fellowship, Irene Braithwaite

2015

Thoracic Society of Australia & New Zealand Research Medal, Richard Beasley

2016

Medicines New Zealand, Value of Medicines Research Award, Paul Young

Health Research Council of New Zealand

Liley Medal, Paul Young

Overall Winner New Zealand Ministry of Health Volunteer Award, Amanda McNaughton

Ministry of Health Community or NGO Health Service Team Award, Amanda McNaughton

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Vivian Fu

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Steven McKinstry

Star Research Achievement Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Rachael Parke

Senior Fellowship, Green Lane Research and Educational Fund Board, Rachael Parke

Finalist UoA/HRC 25th Anniversary Emerging Researcher Award, Matire Harwood

Sir Charles Hercus Medal, Royal Society of New Zealand, Richard Beasley

GINA Ambassador Award, Richard Beasley

2017

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Paul Young

Marire Goodall Award, Te Ohu Rata a Aotearoa Māori Medical Practitioners, Matire Harwood

Te Tohu Hautoa – Courageous Leadership Award, National Hauora Coalition, Matire Harwood

L’Oréal UNESCO New Zealand For Women In Science Fellowship, Matire Harwood

Officer, New Zealand Order of Merit, Geoffrey Robinson

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Diane Mackle

2018

The Beaven Medal, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Colin McArthur

100 Māori Leaders, Te Rau Matatini, Matire Harwood

Matariki Award, Tūhono for Improving Māori Health, Mana Tū, Auckland District Health Board, Matire Harwood

2019

The Beaven Medal, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Richard Beasley

The Asia Pacific Society of Respirology Medal, Richard Beasley

The University of Auckland Early Career Research Excellence Award, Rachael Parke

Te Tohu Rapuora, Leadership and contribution to Māori health research, Health Research Council and Royal Society of New Zealand, Matire Harwood

Excellence in Equity, Health Excellence Awards, Waitematā District Health Board, Matire Harwood

Health Research Council of New Zealand Clinical Training Fellowship, Karen Oldfield

Auckland District Health Board Peter Black Prize for medical research, Tom Hills

2020

Australian Clinical Trials Alliance Finalist for the Trial of the Year Award, MRINZ

Health Research Council of New Zealand Liley Medal, Mark Weatherall and Mark Holliday

New England Journal of Medicine most notable article award, Diane Mackle and Paul Young

2021

Australian Clinical Trials Alliance statistics award and runner up for the ACTA Trial of the Year award, MRINZ

Australian Clinical Trials Alliance Co-winner of the Trial of the Year, MRINZ

Australian Clinical Trials Alliance Trial of the Year Commendation, and the Excellence in Statistics Commendation, MRINZ

2022

Australian Clinical Trials Alliance Trial of the Year Award, MRINZ

2022 / 2023 SUMMER INTERNS

Bridget Ireland, Bianca Ricardos, Tanira Kingi and Neakiry Kivi

HIGHER EDUCATION

We provide practical clinical research experience and training opportunities which can contribute to, or form the entirety of higher education study including PhD, MD, Masters, and Diploma postgraduate degrees. This is made possible by close ties with our collaborative partners.

MRINZ MEDICAL DOCTORATE (MD) DEGREE

We are proud to be authorised by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) to award our own Medical Doctorate (MD) degree.

INTERNSHIPS

We lead a ten-week internship programme where students work alongside one or more of our clinical research teams, and are integrally involved in completing, presenting and publishing research projects.

MRINZ has trained numerous clinician scientists, many of whom are now establishing independent research programmes. This greatly enhances New Zealand’s clinical research capacity and the ability of the health sector to provide evidence-based care.

— PROFESSOR BOB HANCOX, DUNEDIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO

The mentorship and opportunities provided by the MRINZ have no doubt propelled me on the exciting path of incorporating clinical research into my future medical career.

— NEAKIRY KIVI, MRINZ SUMMER INTERN 2021, RESEARCH ASSISTANT 2022

MD DEGREES AWARDED TO MRINZ STAFF

George Bardsley. RCT of air vs oxygen-driven nebuliser use in exacerbations of COPD.

[University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne]

Irene Braithwaite. Risk factors for obesity in children and adolescents – post-hoc analysis of data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). Phase Three data. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Llifon Edwards. Three aspects in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of nebulised magnesium, the risks of oxygen and the utility of the CRB-65 score.

[University of Cardiff]

Rodney Hughes. Venous thromboembolism associated with long distance air travel.

[University of Auckland]

Ciléin Kearns. Can comics support healthcare and research? [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Nethmi Kearns. The role of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of acute asthma. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Amanda McNaughton. Interventions to extend the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic lung disease. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Janine Pilcher. Smart vs standard asthma therapy regimens assessed by electronic monitoring. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Philippa Shirtcliffe. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a matter of definition. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Justin Travers. The heterogeneity of airways disease. [Medical Research Institute of New Zealand]

Meme Wijesinghe. Oxygen therapy in respiratory disorders. [University of London]

I am grateful that my years spent at the MRINZ taught me valuable skills, made me lifelong friends, and realised the dream. MRINZ is an outstanding independent research organisation and an asset to the health research landscape of Aotearoa.

— DR VIVIAN FU, MRINZ ALUMNI, CURRENT CLINICAL AND RESEARCH FELLOW, CALGARY STROKE PROGRAM

PHD

DEGREES AWARDED TO MRINZ STAFF

Sarah Aldington. The pulmonary effects of cannabis. [University of Nottingham]

Christina Baggott. Inhaled corticosteroid use in mild asthma the difference between two regimens. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Irene Braithwaite. Lower limb immobility and venous thromboembolism risk: investigating preventive measures. [Te Herenga Waka— Victoria University of Wellington]

Sally Eyers. The effect of regular paracetamol on bronchial responsiveness and asthma control in mild to moderate asthma. [University of Otago]

James Fingleton. Phenotyping of obstructive airways disease. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Vivian Fu. Taking charge: a person-centred intervention for improving community outcomes after stroke. [Victoria University of Wellington]

Jo Hardy. ICS/LABA reliever therapy in mild asthma. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

James Harper. Closed-loop oxygen control. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Matire Harwood. Barriers to stroke recovery for Māori. [University of Otago]

Diane Mackle. Knowledge translation in the management of oxygen therapy in Intensive Care. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Steven McKinstry. Nasal high flow therapy in COPD. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Karen Oldfield. Framing the use of cannabis as a medicine in New Zealand: Regulatory, Clinician and Patient contexts [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Mitesh Patel. Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide/formoterol therapy in asthma patients at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. [University of Nottingham]

Kyle Perrin. High concentration oxygen therapy in acute respiratory disease. [University of Canterbury]

Janine Pilcher. High concentration oxygen and hypercapnia in respiratory disease. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Sumeet Reddy. 0.9% saline versus PlasmaLyte 148 as intravenous fluid therapy. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Alex Semprini. Acyclovir vs Honevo for the treatment of cold sores. [Te Herenga Waka— Victoria University of Wellington]

Ruth Semprini. Periostin: a biomarker in asthma. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

Paul Young. Permissive hyperthermia through avoidance of paracetamol in known or suspected infection in ICU. [Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington]

POSTGRADUATE

DIPLOMA IN CLINICAL RESEARCH, TE HERENGA WAKA—VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON

Kathryn Fernando

Anna Hunt

Sally Hurford

Kyley Kerse

Tony Mallon

Janine Pilcher

Judith Riley

Clinical Trial Participation

The opportunity to contribute to applied research with such a dedicated, warm and enthusiastic team of professionals is its own reward. Even though I was just one participant in a single research cohort, I felt connected to a much wider endeavour that ultimately could transform treatment and reduce the burden of disease.

Without our valued study participants our research is simply not possible.

People have many different reasons for wanting to participate in clinical trials: some engage out of a desire to contribute to the advancement of medical science and global public health; many feel a connection to past, present, or future generations; others wish to better understand their own health and medical conditions. All make the MRINZ’s mission to improve health outcomes, reduce inequities and improve the lives of future generations possible.

The

— LANCE GUNDERSON, VOLUNTEER

MRINZ offers more than a sterile environment or clinical dialogue; rather, a welcoming friendly introduction to how together we could resolve global issues influencing millions of lives throughout humanity. Over several clinical trials I have observed how important this organisation is to myself and to others.

— TIMOTHY ROBERT BISH, NGATI POROU, VOLUNTEER

Clinical trials provide the highest level of scientific evidence on which to base clinical practice, and are at the heart of the MRINZ’s mission.

ASTHMA PROGRAMME STUDY VOLUNTEER JENNIFER ROSE

Current Collaborations

Collaborative partnerships of many kinds, on a local, national, and international scale, are essential to our medical research. The MRINZ connects with partners close to home and around the world to support and advance our collective research endeavours.

Aotearoa New Zealand

KIRIKIRIROA / HAMILTON

Lakeland Clinical Trials (Waikato), Waikato Hospital; Waikato University

ŌTAUTAHI / CHRISTCHURCH

Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust; Christchurch Hospital; Southern Clinical Trials (Christchurch); University of Otago, Christchurch

ŌTEPOTI / DUNEDIN

Dunedin Hospital; P3 Research Dunedin; University of Otago

ROTORUA

Lakeland Clinical Trials (Rotorua); Rotorua Hospital

TĀMAKI MAKAURAU / AUCKLAND

Allcare Family Medical Centre (Northcote), Auckland City Hospital, Auckland University, Birkenhead Medical Centre, Browns Bay Medical Centre, Green Bay Medical Centre, Greenwood Medical Centre, Henderson Medical Centre, Kumeu Medical Centre, MedPlus Family Medical Centre, Middlemore Hospital, North Shore Hospital, OneHealth Remuera, Stoddart Road Medical Centre, Waitakere Hospital, Westview Medical Centre

TARANAKI

Taranaki Base Hospital

TAURANGA

Clinical Horizons; Papamoa Pines Medical Centre; Tauranga Hospital; TRG Natural Pharmaceuticals

TE MATAU-A-MĀUI / HAWKE’S BAY

Hawke’s Bay Hospital; Taradale Medical Centre

TE PAPAIOEA / PALMERSTON NORTH

Caduceus Medical Development; P3 Research Palmerston North

TE WHANGANUI-A-TARA / WELLINGTON

Asthma and Respiratory Foundation of New Zealand; Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Hutt Hospital; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Ministry of Health; New Zealand Blood Service; P3 Research; Regional Public Health; Spiral; University of Otago, Wellington; Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington Free Ambulance; Wellington Regional Hospital

WHAKATŪ / NELSON

Greenwood Health; Nelson Hospital; Southern Clinical Trials (Tasman)

WHANGĀREI

Whangārei Hospital

International AUSTRALIA

ANZIC-Research Centre, Melbourne; Austin Hospital, Heidelberg; Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong; Bendigo Hospital, Bendigo; Caboolture Hospital, QLD; Casey Hospital, VIC; Dubbo Base Hospital, NSW; Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth; Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide; Footscray Hospital, Footscray; Gold Coast University Hospital; Gosford Hospital, NSW; Grampians Health, VIC; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle; John Hunter Hospital, NSW; Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide; Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Qld; Mercy Health, Weribee; Monash Medical Centre, Clayton; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University; Nambour General Hospital, QLD; Nepean Hospital, Penrith; Northern Beaches Hospital, NSW; Orange Health Service, NSW; Princess Alexandra Hospital, QLD; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, SA; Rockingham Hospital, WA; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide; Royal Darwin Hospital, NT; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW; Royal Perth Hospital, Perth; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; St George Hospital, Sydney; St Vincent’s Hospital (Sydney); Sunshine Coast University Hospital; The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne; The Australian National University; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney; The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; The Wollongong Hospital, NSW; Thoracic Society of Australia & New Zealand; Toowoomba Hospital, Qld; University of New South Wales; University of Newcastle; University of Queensland; University of Western Australia, Perth; Westmead Hospital; Wollongong Hospital Woolcock Institute of Medical Research

BRAZIL

HCor, Sao Paulo

CANADA

Alberta Health Services, Alberta; Foothills Medical Centre, Vancouver; Grey Nuns Hospital, Edmonton; University of British Colombia, Calgary, Edmonton

INDIA

Apollo Main Hospital, Chennai; Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai; Dr Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Chennai

IRELAND

Beaumont, Dublin; St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin; University College Dublin, Dublin

ITALY

IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University of Ferrara, Ferrara

JAPAN

Fukuyama City Hospital, Hiroshima; Jikei University and Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo; Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata; Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh

KUWAIT

Al-Amiri Hospital, Kuwait; Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Kuwait

MALAYSIA

International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur; University Sains Malaysia, Penang

NEPAL

B & B Hospital, Lalitpur; Birat Nursing Home, Biratnagar; Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu; Hospital for Advanced Medicine & Surgery, Kathmandu; Karuna Hospital, Budhanilkantha; Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Karyabinayak; OM Hospital and Research Centre, Kathmandu

NETHERLANDS

University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrech

OMAN

Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat

PAKISTAN

Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi; Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar; National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi; Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar; Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore; Patel Hospital, Karachi; Sheikh Zayed Medical College & Hospital, Lahore; South City Hospital, Karachi; Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton Campus, Karachi; Ziauddin University Hospital, North Nazimabad Campus, Karachi

SINGAPORE

National University of Singapore

SPAIN

University of Barcelona, Barcelona

SRI LANKA

Nat-Intensive Care Surveillance-M.O.R.U

UNITED KINGDOM

Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke; County Durham and Darlington NHS (National Health Service) Foundation Trust, Spennym; Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne; Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull; Imperial College, London; Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London; Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich; James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough; Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham; Mid-Essex Hospitals NHS Trust, Chelmsford; North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carlisle; Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole; Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn; Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth; Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester; Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne; Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley; Salford Royal University Hospital, Salford; South Tees

NHS Trust, Middlesbrough; Southampton University; St Helens and Knowlsey Teaching Hospitals

NHS Trust, Liverpool; University College London; University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tee; University of Oxford, Oxford

UNITED STATES

Berry Consultants LLC, Austin; Johns Hopkins University

Our Supporters

Our generous funders come from many sectors and give in numerous ways. Our heartfelt appreciation goes to all those who have supported the MRINZ over the last 21 years. We are very grateful to our community of funders and donors for their ongoing commitment to our mission.

Accident Compensation Corporation

Alcohol & Liquor Advisory Council

ANZCA Research Foundation

Asthma & Respiratory Foundation New Zealand

AstraZeneca Ltd

Aventis

Avex LLC

Baxter Healthcare

Bayer New Zealand Ltd

Bayer Pharma AG

Bowen Hospital Trust

Cancer Society of New Zealand, Wellington Branch

Capital & Coast DHB

Cephalon Inc

Chiesi Farmaceutica S.p.A.

Community donations

Comvita New Zealand

Ergo-Industrial Seating Systems Inc, Canada

Fisher & Paykel Healthcare

Ganzoni & CIE – Sigvaris

GE Healthcare

Genentech Inc

GlaxoSmithKline Ltd

Guardian Trust

Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation

Health Research Council of New Zealand

Helius Therapeutics

HoneyLab Ltd Industry New Zealand

INC Research New Zealand Limited

Intensive Care Foundation

InterMune

J Campbell Barrett Wellington Anaesthesia Trust

Leap Frogg

Levana Textiles

Lifeblood

Lottery Health Research

Malaghan Institute of Medical Research

Margaret & Peter Shirtcliffe Foundation

Massey University

Ministry of Health

NICM Health Research Institute

Nexus6 Ltd

New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Ltd

New Zealand Trade & Enterprise

Novartis

Otsuka Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical Solutions Ltd

Pharmaxis

Philanthropic Donations — M & S Penfold, R & K Sandhu, J & C Bisley

Research For Life

Roche Products

Rocket Medical

Royal Australian College of Physicians

Rua Bioscience Limited

Sanofi Aventis

Sonosite Australasia

Southern European Health Marketing Ltd

Sutherland Self-Help Trust

Syneos Health

Te Ohu Rata o Aotearoa

Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington

The George Institute for Global Health

The Merino Company

Thoracic Society of Australia & New Zealand

University of Auckland

University of Otago

USL Medical

Waikato Medical Research Foundation

Wellington Hospitals & Health Foundation

Wellington Medical Research Foundation

Whakaora Pharmaceuticals Limited

WHO/National Heart Lung & Blood Institute

Zealand Health Manufacturing Limited

There are many ways to support MRINZ philanthropic activities. Please contact us to discuss further — support@mrinz.ac.nz

Simply put, the MRINZ is one of the leading academic research organisations in the field of respiratory medicine and intensive care medicine globally. It has led and published many of the landmark clinical trials that have changed clinical practice worldwide, across a wide range of important conditions in these fields.

The research is novel, challenges current practice, and is based on large clinical trials undertaken within networks of researchers internationally.

— PROFESSOR ALVAR AGUSTI, UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA

mrinz.ac.nz

info@mrinz.ac.nz

Telephone — +64 4 805 0147

PHYSICAL ADDRESS

Level 7, CSB (Clinical Services Block) Building

Wellington Hospital

Riddiford St, Newtown

Wellington 6021

Aotearoa New Zealand

POSTAL ADDRESS

Private Bag 7902, Wellington 6242

Charity Registration: ID CC22439

mrinz.ac.nz

ClinResearchNZ

the-mrinz

Published May 2023

Copies of the Research Report can be obtained by contacting info@mrinz.ac.nz