1920’s BuzzFeed Giving you yesterday’s today...
Where has elegance gone?
Table of Contents Letters from the Editor………………………… 2 Letters to the Editor…………………………. 4-6 Briefing…………………………………………..7 Politics Article.................................................9 World Article...................................................10 Society Article................................................12 Economy Article.............................................13 Feature Article “Generation Differences”...15-16 Entertainment Article………………………….18 Sports Article…………………………………..19 10 Questions…………………………………..21 Bibliography…………………………...…...22-25
Letter from the Editor By: Luke Woodburn and Maria Osman Letter from the Editor Dear readers, We chose to feature the article about generations because of how much the youth has changed! Mostly women have been the ones changing, they cut their hair short, dresses and clothing have all been shortened, some have even started smoking in public, there are flappers and vamps, flappers are women who pushed the limits but were too afraid to go too far, and vamps were the women who went the farthest and were not afraid to go farther. Most of the youth in this economy has been changed. Adults mostly women changed they started cutting their hair and smoking wearing flappers. How the generation does not work in this economy and that they changed drastically .
Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, I really liked your article on urban vs. rural. I enjoy urban life because of how modern everything is and the better technologies that have been developed such as the band aid, electricity, the traffic signal, and the mechanical television. All of those things have helped us in our everyday lives. I believe that people living in the rural should move to urban cities because families there are living in poverty and most families there are living in one or two room dwellers. But the problem is that people living in the rural market are traditionalists, which are people who think that urban life is wrong, mostly because women in urban cities have changed drastically, they have cut their hair short into a bob, some have started smoking in public, they have also started wearing shorter dresses that bare more skin, and there is no courting between the men and women anymore, the youth in urban cities have gained more freedom, urban life is good. And thank you for your time Sincerely, Maria Osman
I really liked the page you did on youth culture I also think that women can wear what they want to, cut their hair as short as they please, and smoke as often as they would like. For years men got to do what they want to and smoke when they want to and no one would care, but as soon as women do the same everyone wants say how it's not right. The freedom of women was usually showed by the length of her dress and hair. Girls defied their mothers by wearing makeup, they smoked cigarettes, danced closely, and displayed their jewelry, Even divorce rates went up from 8.9 per 100 marriages in 1910 to 13.3 in 1920. Flappers changed the way society viewed women by being independent and making behavior such as drinking and PDA(public display of affection). Women have the right to do anything they please or want to. It doesn't really matter what people say. If women want to do anything that I listed above then they should, and if they feel like they shouldn't then they shouldn't it's up to the women to decide. Sincerely, Esraa Mohamed
Continued... Dear Editor, I really enjoyed your article on the prohibition of alcohol in our country. Taking away the people of the United States’s idea of freedom is not fair. They believe the consumption of alcohol is not the government's beeswax. People come to America to be able to make choices for themselves. The residents of the United States have a lot of beef. They have started having secret saloons with alcohol called speakeasies. They are called that because you do not speak of it around authorities. Bimbo’s have been harming those that get in the way of the sale of illegal alcohol. People have been making their own alcohol at homes and selling it. Americans do not break the law but by doing this, crime rate is going up like crazy and it is not worth the loss that we are having. Bootleggers hide canteens full of alcohol in their boots, Illegal activity behind closed doors, What’s next?
Dear Editor Wets v.s. drys is a great argument but in this argument i’m going to have to agree with the drys. Alcohol should be banned, for the past 50 years states have employed a patchwork of laws including abolishing businesses. Act passed on october 1920, tried finding ways to get alcohol back. Suppliers for most of the illegal drinking. Freeman collins was a bootlegger during 1920s and it’s sold for $2 a pint. easy to get it, despite the laws. Anyone can get alcohol, and it’s also really easy to get. Some areas are “dry” totally banning alcohol and some are “wet” permitting alcohol sales, some are moist which they are restricting. Such as only permitting alcohol sales on qualifying golf courses or banning sales on election day. National mood when america entered the war in 1917. Anti alcohol drinking alcohol caused damage in american society.
Sincerely,
reduced drinking by allowing contries and minicuplanties to regulate the sale of alcohol.
Lauren Upchurch
-Luke woodburn
Even More! Dear Editor,
Dear Editor,
I am sorry to say but I did not enjoy your I read your article on the Scopes trial,
article on the changing youth. In fact, I am especially displeased with your view on the
and I must say, I highly disagree with it. Just a
change of women All of these young women are
few things. First of all, I never found a point to
getting all dolled up and trying to look swanky.
the trial at all. It was more like a debate of
As a parent, I am horrified to hear my children’s
Creation vs. Evolution that really anything else.
stories about college parties and dates! Women
Secondly, if Evolution was allowed to be taught
are supposed to wear corsets with long skirts
to children, all that would do is force them to
and layers upon layers! Instead they are acting
make a choice on which was better (so to
out by wearing these loose fitting dresses that
speak). And due to the fact that Creation is not a
are above their knees and cutting their hair
difficult concept to wrap your mind around and
short! On top of it all they are starting to drink
has been taught to these kids since their birth, I
alcohol and smoke in public! These children are
bet you any amount of money that they would
getting all of these ideas from newspapers and
choose Creation. Secondly, I never thought that
magazine articles like yours. All of these
Mr. Darrow made any real point in the trial. Mr.
flappers are not setting a good example for the
Darrow never really stated his reason for why
new youth. As a parent I would much rather see
the Darwinian theory of Evolution should be
my child wearing long skirts and not showing as
taught in the American public school system. All
much as a sliver of skin. I would also like to
that he did was try and ridicule Bryan publicly
make a comment on the colleges. Many of
and insult Christendom in a trail, rather than
these colleges that you write about in your
make a point and stand behind it. It’s almost like
magazines sound horrible! I would much rather
he didn’t even try to defend the accused, and
see articles on the more strict colleges that have
that he did break the law by teaching Evolution.
rules on what these children can and can not
Another problem I found was that Darrow
wear. I demand that you stop writing about all of
doesn’t get a few things about the Bible. It ONLY
this nonsense at once! These children do not
tells the parts of the stories that are necessary
need to get any more rebellious ideas inside
for salvation. If he knew that, many of his
their heads. I would advise you to set these
questions to Mr. Bryan would be answered with
children’s minds strait and to stop all of this
that.
baloney. You should be urging the children to do good and to not act out against their parents.
Sincerely,
Please take my opinion into consideration for it is the right thing to do for this country. Sincerely, Morgan Ellerman
James W. C. Mons
Briefing By: Morgan Ellerman
“Isn’t it nice that Calvin is President? You know we really never h room before for a dog.” - Mrs. Coolidge
60% of American families purchased radios between 1923 and 1930
“I invented the modern age.”
Henry Ford said this. He was at the center of these changes and he was not modest about his position.
1 Saloon for every 200 Americans 600
Radio Stations
“Midnight was like day,”
consumption of beverage alcohol is about 30% of the preprohibition level
Langston Hughes wrote this talking about the cities music-filled nightlife.
The Good, The Grump, and The Gremlin In this decade there have been three presidents, all republican, and all different, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Each president has it’s strengths and it’s weaknesses. As changes happened in the United States these men all remained focused on this beautiful country that we call America. Warren G. Harding, a republican from Ohio, was elected to be our president in 1921 as our 29th president of the United States. Before elected he was a senator and successfully ran for Lt. Governor. As president Harding built a large and successful newspaper. Though his term in office was fraught with scandal, including Teapot Dome, Harding embraced technology and was sensitive to the plights of minorities and women. He then died tragically of a cerebral hemorrhage caused by heart disease in the year of 1923 as many of us know.
Calvin Coolidge, a republican from Massachusetts, was the vice president of Warren G. Harding until Harding passed away and Coolidge stepped in as president in 1923. Coolidge was both the most negative and remote president ever elected. Though he was the most accessible. Because of the negativity and remoteness, Coolidge had the nickname “Silent Cal”. Coolidge served two terms from the years 1923 through 1929.
Herbert Hoover, a republican born in Iowa, grew up in Oregon, was elected to be our president in 1929 as our 31st president of the United States. Before being elected Hoover was an engineer for China in a private corporation. After that Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge. In 1928 Hoover became the Republican Presidential nominee. Within months of winning the election and becoming our president, our stock market crashed and our nation has spiraled into this depression we are in. Does Hoover mean well? Is he what can help us at this point?
The World in the 1920’s By: Maria Osman
Treaty of sevres The treaty of sevres dissolved the ottoman empire which obliged Turky to renounce all rights over Asia, Arab, and North Africa. The treaty of sevres was signed on August 10, 1920, it was a pact between the victorious Allied Powers. The Eastern Mediterranean land was to be divide amongst the British mandate of Persia and the French mandate of Syria.
Collective Security Nations must still together to combat evil. The isolationist disposition of the u.s called for collective security. Americans sought to secure their nation after WWI collective security was the first mentioned in the inaugural speech that was made by president Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Our Crumbling Society By: Morgan Ellerman The society is evolving in many different ways. Immigration and segregation are both changing. There are also groups that are being reborn and trials that are ongoing. Immigration is causing a lot of social tensions. The amount of people immigrating from other countries has skyrocketed since 1890. These immigrants usually join others of their background in large cities. Although they are not necessarily bothering Americans directly, just the fact of them coming into their country and taking over some places is what bothers Americans. In result of this tension between Americans and Immigrants, congress passed a law in 1921 that limited immigration. This law decreased immigration by 50% in the United States.
(KKK in white robes and hats)
In addition to Immigration, the Klu Klux Klan is also a problem that is occurring in America. The Klu Klux Klan (also known as the KKK) is one of the most powerful organizations dedicated to bigotry. This klan targets African Americans, Catholics, Jews, radicals, and foreigners. Throughout the 48 states, there are four million members. The members of this klan wear white robes with white hoods. They are also represented by a flaming cross. Very often you may hear about the brutal attacks and violence caused by the KKK. Blacks are whipped, beaten, flogged, and lynched. The KKK causes social tension between the Americans and people of other races. Segregation also takes its toll on the society. African Americans felt the sting of bigotry daily. Many organizations are forming to keep the whites and blacks separated. For example, The Water Works Improvement Association was created to “keep the area free of blacks.� This discrimination of blacks is tearing our country apart and is creating unnecessary social tensions.
Economy By: Luke Woodburn Living standards: Degree of wealth and material goods that is available to a person's life
Evolution advanced by the english naturalist Charles Danuhn, the modernist argued that
without electricity. Distribute goods on a larger scale, Henry Ford. High wartime taxes and cumbersome. Wartime regulation further solved
the account of creation in the book. Christians could accept the prevailing theory
recovery, americans rejected the party of outgoing
of evolution. Baptist pastor and editor curtis
two term democrats. the nations started pulling out
lee coined the term “fundamentalist�. Jews
of hard times.
served in both the union and confederate
Aggressive program to reduce inflammation, eliminate wartime regulation. Lower taxes and
armies during the civil war. But were often accused of trying the conflict. Profit from the
government exponentials harding nationally over there were us but he responded to it. The culture debates at the core of the fundamental a list modernist. Controversy also played out in the farm of bigotry. Although in the tolerance was not even phenomenon in the 1920s. Witness an increased in religious ethnic.
war instead of trying to make meaningful contribution. wealthy jews were prohibited from joining health resorts.
Generation Differences (Youth vs Adults) Featuring: Esraa Mohamed, James Mons, Lauren Upchurch,Luke Woodburn, Maria Osman, Morgan Ellerman Flappers are considered a “new breed”, because they wear short skirts, bob their hair, listen to jazz, and show off their scorn for what they consider acceptable behavior. Flappers are often seen as a heavy blow for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, and driving automobiles. Flappers are changing the way society views women by being independent. Flappers are a result of the women's equality movement, when women were given the the right to vote. This movement also marked the beginning of women maintaining jobs instead of usually just getting married and having kids. The adults want tradition to carry on, and the views of the olden ways reestablished after the war. They want everything to go right back to normal as soon as possible. Before the war the woman’s place was in the home, men were the head of the household, and women had very little freedom. Everyone had their place and it was all very proper and well-mannered. Now, the youth think much differently. The “new woman” wears her hair much shorter, she brakes social protocol by drinking and smoking in public. She became more independent and would lead her own life by going to college and having a job. Instead of going to dances, the young men and women go to nightclubs and listen to the new music - jazz! This new upbeat music draws these youths together. There is also a new ideal of family life. The new family is much more compassionate and closer together as well. Parents and children are now “pals” and husbands and wives are referred to as “friends and lovers”. Dancing, clothes, music, and media all clash over the new youth culture. The youth are starting to embrace upbeat jazz which was created and performed by african american musicians. Charleston and Black Bottom danced at jazz clubs, these dances soon became known as the Lindy Hop. Clothes and fashion are also having a huge impact on the youth, the discovery of king Tut’s tomb is inspiring fashion! Feathered headbands are also becoming a very popular thing to wear. Snake bracelets are also worn on upper arms. Kimonos are also inspiring styles. Dresses are reaching their shortest lengths, shirts and skirts are being covered in beads, bright colors, and fringes. Makeup is also becoming popular. Eyebrows are being thinned to make faces look young and beautiful, lips are painted to look thinner, and eyes look much larger due to eye makeup. Tanning is also becoming a very popular thing. Ankle-strap cuban heeled shoes are the most popular type of shoes to wear. Large “peter pan” collared shirts are being worn, along with corsets to make breasts look smaller. Now, women's main goal is to look younger.
Adults do not like the new way of the 1920’s. The adults of this decade believe that the actions that youth are involved in, are improper. Women are becoming flappers, people are listening to African Americans make music, women are granted the right to vote, middle class members are associating with working and immigrant classes, money spent on leisure activities has risen by 300 percent, and the crime rate is rising. All of these things are impacting those of older age than the young people that are changing society’s view of what is acceptable. Throughout the years our generations have been changing. As a nation, we are conservative people, yet this new generation has gone wild. Adults can not do anything to contain the youth behavior.
As the youth culture is changing, adults are becoming more and more upset. In fact they are so upset that they are trying to do things to stop the youth’s behavior. One way they are trying to stop this destructive behavior is through legislation. Many people are proposing bills to change the way young women can dress. For example, in Virginia there is a bill that would raise the low-cut neckline of a dress. It also states that no skirts can be higher than four inches above the ground. In addition there is also a bill that is arising in Ohio. This bill prohibits necklines from being more than two inches in depth and that no garment composed of any transparent material shall be sold. Similar legislation has also been offered in New Jersey, South Carolina, Kansas, Iowa, Pennsylvania, and a full dozen other states. Adults also relied on hope to change the ways of the youth. They are hoping and praying that their children will stop acting out. Hope is a way for the adults to have faith that things will go back to what they believe is normal. The clash between the youth and the adults is very significant because it changed the way that women are being viewed in society and it is forcing adults to create new laws to prohibit the new ways. Although men are still considered the head of the household women did receive more rights and they are no longer being stepped all over. When men, brothers, and cousins went to war, more jobs became available for women. Flappers changed the way society viewed women by being independent and doing what they wanted. The adults want tradition to carry on, but sadly they are not getting what they wish. As the youth culture is changing, adults are becoming more and more upset but there is nothing that they can do to change how society is evolving.
Take a break and enjoy a Coke! Only $1! Best dollar ever used!
Entertainment By: James Mons
Oh, what you can do now in the 1920s! Many new things are coming into play like the new music and radio. But also new books and new movies are coming out as well! Jazz music is now becoming popular at nightclubs and all over with a new swing feel that just makes you want to dance! It’s just the bee's-knees! You can hear performers like Duke Ellington on the piano and Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong on the trumpet playing tunes like “Ain’t She Sweet,” “St. James Infirmary,” and “Anything Goes”. This new upbeat music is just berries! It helps bring different people, rich and poor, young and old together.
becoming popular. Authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway are really just the bee’sknees. Books like The Great Gatsby are on the rise nowadays. The films now here in this era are also quite nice! Like The Hunchback of Notre Dame and The Phantom of the Opera. These films are really revolutionizing the film and movie industry with the new content they have. Also the actors and actresses like Jean Harlow and Clara Bow are just incredible with how they do in movies.
The radio is now something you can buy at the nearest shop. This device now allows you to listen to whatever music you like. You can choose what to listen to from over 600 stations of radio full of not only great music, but news as well. New books and authors are also Louis Armstrong
Sports Update
Babe Ruth Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs in one season. Ruth's contact for Boston was for three years at $10,000 a year. Babe Ruth’s record (experts) believed would stand for all time Harold “red” Grange Harold, Illinois phenomenon, AllAmerican halfback who attained gridiron honors of the nation last season, was the dynamo, that furnished the thrill. Bobby Jones Amateur golf was big in Britain like it was in the homeland. He won the British open championship cup. HIs name will be engraved on its silver sides along with other famous players. Gertrude Ederle The first swimmer that beat any of the previous men conquered the dangerous waters of the English channel .
Baby Ruth! Only 5 cents a bar! A home-run candy bar!
Interviewing Coco Chanel Coco Chanel graciously sat down with 1920's BuzzFeed for an interview on October 23rd, 1921. 1.When did you first get the idea for pants for women? “Growing up i would see my dearest father wearing pants, but mother never wore any. I always thought it was odd that men could wear them and women could not.” 2.Why do you think women will want to start wearing pants? “Women should be just as comfortable as a man while doing what a lady does. A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous.” 3.What do you think as you see women walking down the streets with pants on? “I’m proud of my fellow ladies. They can look classy and dolled up in a pair of pants.” 4.What do you have to say to women reading this? “Women must tell men they are the strong ones. They are the big, the strong, the wonderful. In truth, women are the strong ones. It is just my opinion, I am not a professor.” 5.Can elder ladies wear pants like the younger dolls? “Elegance is not the prerogative of those who have just escaped adolescence but those who have already taken possession of their future. I am not young, but i feel young. The day I feel old, i will go to bed and stay there. J’aime la vie! I feel to live is a wonderful thing. 6.Many country folk ask what exactly do you think you can accomplish by women wearing pants? “The possibilities are endless. Women possibilities are endless. 7.Are you trying for everyone's’ approval on pants for women? “It’s not for everyone. Don’t spend time beating on a wall, hoping to transform into a door” 8.Will this fashion stay for a while? “Pants for women isn’t fashion.It’s style. Fashion fades, only style remains the same.” 9.Many would argue dresses are the right thing a women should wear, being that women should always be classy. “Elegance does not consist in putting on a new dress.” 10.What is the next Cat’s Pajamas you are going to conjur up? “A magician never reveals his secret, i shall not reveal my ideas.”
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Bibliography 2 James Mons Carr, Ian, Digby Fairweather, and Brian Priestley. Jazz: The Essential Companion. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. Print. Caudill, Edward, Edward J. Larson, and Jesse Fox. Mayshark. The Scopes Trial: A Photographic History. Knoxville: U of Tennessee, 2000. Print. Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print. Coca Cola Bottle. Digital image. Duetsblog.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "Film History of the 1920s." Film History of the 1920s. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Louis Armstrong Photographed in 1953. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Phonograph. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. "Radio In The 1920s." Xroads.virginia.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Rodgers, Richard. 100 Best Songs of the 20's and 30's. New York: Gramercy, 1995. Print. Wrigleys Gum. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015.
Esraa Mohamed "The Complete Maus." The Roaring Twenties : Tom Streissguth : 9780816040230. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2002. Print.
Bibliography 3 Lauren Upchurch Coco Chanel. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Events That Shaped the Century. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1998. Print. Flappers. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. Jazz. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. This Fabulous Century, Volume III: 1920-1930. New York: Time-Life, 1969. Print. "The White House." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print.
Maria Osman Works Cited "AddALL.com - American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242." AddALL.com American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242. Gale Research, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. Gordon, Lois G., and Alan Gordon. American Chronicle: Six Decades in American Life, 1920-1980. New York: Atheneum, 1987. Print. "Robot Check." Robot Check. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.