THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE the celebration of black traditions
politics It’s Illegal to Buy, Sell, or Drink Alcohol
Society Cities grow Dramatically
Sports Golden Age of Sport (baseball, tennis, golf, polo)
Economy Many companies grow & Many new jobs.
Edition 1920
Table of Contents Letter from the Editors……………………………………………..3 Letters to the Editor………………………………………………….4-6 Opinions from our readers
Politics……………………………………………………………………..8 Looks at our country’s presidents from this decade.
Social Tensions………………………………………………………….9 Looks at current tension between people.
Our Rapidly Changing Economy…………………………………11 An article about our country’s economy.
The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age…………………12-13 Describes the new movement and music that has emerged.
Entertainment………………………………………………………...15 How entertainment has grown recently
Sports……………………………………………………………………..16 Describes current sports.
10 Questions with Duke Ellington…………………………….17 Read the interview with Duke Ellington.
President Herbert Hoover, learn more about him on page 8
Letter From the Editors Dear Readers, Our feature article in this issue of TIME is The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age where we focus on all of the amazing things that are going on right now in Harlem that you might not know about, such as musicians and music, poetry and poets, and artwork and artists, as well as what it’s like to live in Harlem while all of this is going on. We take an indepth look at the cause of this movement and why this is something that is important for you to know about. We wanted to inform our readers (you!) about the newest people that you should be looking out for and watching and the newest things that these people are doing, and they are definitely doing some amazing things, such as spreading jazz music and writing meaningful poems about what life is like right now.
All of our writers, and both of us, extensively researched different aspects of the Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age so that we could bring you the best information and write the best article possible. We all put in a lot of time trying to bring you the highest quality article that we could. Thank you for reading and supporting TIME! We hope that you enjoy reading our feature article as well as all of the other articles in this issue, like the economy article and the entertainment article! And as always, don’t forget to write to us about your opinions on any of the articles in this issue, we love to read your position on the topic! Sincerely, The Editors Maddi Shinall and Avery Carneol
Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, I really enjoy the life in the urban
Dear Editor, I disagreed with your article about the
areas. Life in the city is just fabulous.
Scopes Trial. I have been trying to explain
No more jobs in the cotton industry is
what I know to be right to everyone I know,
the reason that pushed me to move into
but all of them seem to be thinking that
the city. I do really like the urban life,
evolution is right, like you do, but seriously,
for the first time I saw the cars and then
what does Darwin really know? The Bible
the traffic signals, and the street
says that man was created by God in a day,
lighting, and exceptional thing is
so that is how it is and that is how it really
electricity, I never saw the electricity
happened, but now these fancy science
before. The ideal urban plan is based on
people are trying to say that we evolved from
a grid which is amazing. I did wonder if
apes. What are you and everyone else trying
it would be easy for me to find a job in
to imply? That the Bible is wrong? What
the city,I found a good job and it was
baloney!
very easy. I have more time and money
Also, the law against teaching this
to spend by doing some fun stuff like
awful idea in school is totally constitutional!
going to the movies or museums or to
Schools are not allowed to teach religion, so
the library. I don’t like sports but
why should they get to teach evolution? The
sometimes I go watch the baseball
legislature is legally allowed to make laws
games with my friends. Last week I
and run the schools so they should be able to
used my hush money to attend a tennis
dictate what is acceptable and what is not
game with my sister. Life is so easy
acceptable to teach, and they should be able
here, with my car I can go anywhere as
to do their job without people trying to tell
fast I want, and it so easy to use. Every
them that they’re wrong. Some people keep
single day I love life more and more in
saying that it is a violation of the
the city. I wish I could stay here forever.
Constitution but I think that it is fine because evolution goes against the Bible.
Sincerely,
Everyone is all balled up!
Grace Tshibanda. Sincerely, Maddi Shinall
Letters to the Editor continued Dear Editor, I strongly agree that Scope should not
Dear Editor, I disagree with your statement for
have been charged for the “Monkey Trial.�
youth culture and women's rights. As well as
We have the right to freedom of speech. For
the clothing for women/flappers, new life,
him to fined $100 for this is wrong. I did
beauty, and independence. Clothing for
find it weird that he did not actually teach
women and flappers were supposed to be
evolution, Scopes was just convinced by the
classy simple high- waisted, long-sleeved
ACLU to say he did. ACLU wanted this trial
dresses. When cocktail parties were
to make the public think about these
introduced the cocktail dress was made; a
questions: should church beliefs dominate
black knee-length sleeve sheath. Flappers
education and freedom of speech? Could
tried to be rebellious with clothes, had their
state laws override federal laws? And what
own styles. New life for American women
should happen when science and religion
stated with the Nineteenth Amendment. This
disagree? I was surprised on how the streets
amendment was created for women to have
were flooded with people selling monkey
the right to vote and gain part of their rights.
cardboards and and stuffed monkeys. What
Women were then open to new opportunities
really surprised me though was how they
far as many more job then before then do not
had live chimpanzees come and perform!
involve the war. The beauty in women and
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings
flappers were a way to make money for
Bryan did not charge anything for this trial.
tourist attractions for a beauty pageant.
The results of this trial got the publicity that
Women should not be displayed as a piece of
they wanted. Thank you because now they
beauty they should be treated with respect
added evolution to biology. Now we will not
and honor. They should be allowed to
be behind on science compared to the rest of
express themselves in anyway they desire.
the world.
Independence for women was so small and then became much bigger than we ever
Sincerely,
imagined. After women started to rebel, they
Coleson Krupp
slowly but surely gained and learned than women deserve more respect. After women rebelled, got their independence, and their right to vote, women finally got what they all wanted. Sincerely, Avery Carneol
Letters to the Editor continued Dear Editor, Do you know who the wets and drys are? If you don’t read this letter and I’d gladly tell you who they both are because they both were very important to the prohibition. The wets believe that the prohibition led to an increase of illegal activity and did not stop what it was created to prevent, they also wanted the 18th amendment to be repealed. The drys believed that prohibition was good for america and benefited america greatly because men were bringing paychecks home and there was less abuse. Prohibition increased problems due to the fact they could no longer have alcohol legally such as more criminal organization. With the increase in violence and problems for alcohol, there was to much for police to enforce. This was from 1920-1933’s.The Wets were people who opposed Prohibition. They didn’t support it because they wanted alcohol. Drys were people who supported the ban of alcohol. They supported it because they thought it was a win in moral and health issues. Seventy-seven years after the end of prohibition the battle of the “wets” vs the “drys” is alive and well in those states considering ending their government monopolies over the sale of liquor. Sincerely, Kayla
Politics Harding was a Baptist religion. He had one child. He died in 1923. Calvin Coolidge was a Republican, as well. Coolidge’ s vice-president was Charles G Dawes. Coolidge served from 1923-1929. Calvin was born in Massachusetts.
Warren G Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover are the three presidents that served during our current decade, and in that order. Warren G Harding was a Republican president. Warren’s vicepresident was Calvin Coolidge. Warren was born in Ohio. He served from 1921 through 1923.
Herbert Hoover is also a Republican. Hoover’s vicepresident is Charles Curtis. Herbert Hoover has served from 1929 until now . Hoover was born in Iowa.
Social tensions Written by: grace tshibanda
After World War 1, our country was afraid to receive immigrants. the cities are the goals of many immigrant, they came looking for jobs and a good education for their child, they hoped they could have a good life in the United States. The issue is that Americans do not want to share the country with immigrants. In 1921, earlier this decade. Congress passed a law that limited immigration through a quote system. once this law is pass, immigration decreased by 50%.
The Alten radicals are believed to be the perpetrator of many crimes. The general palmer order a series of raids, they imprisoned the immigrant without any proof, but days after the prisoners are released for want of sufficient evidence. There are many social tensions between immigrants and American citiziens. The immigrants, blacks , and the minorities are really poor, and this reflects the intolerance because of the decade, it shows how most white Americans do not want new immigrants coming to the country and take jobs away from the public.
The police arrested Sacco and Vanzetti and they have been executed, And couple days after thee whites killed a black swimmer who strayed into the white section of Lake Michigan, and during the riot 38 people were killed and and some got grave injuries. The tensions are still there, between immigrants and Americans. Many laws have been established to maintain peace in the city.
Our Rapidly Changing Economy By: Maddi Shinall car now. Half of these cars have been bought using a new thing called credit. In case you have not heard of it yet, with credit you can buy now and pay later. In addition to car dealerships offering credit, many department stores have been offering large lines of credit to people who can pay it back. However, consumer debt has doubled due to the use of credit, so if you are going to use it, make sure that you will be able to pay it back. Police looking at a new Ford Model T
The economy is rapidly changing here in America. You could say that this is the decade of change. Earlier this decade, President Harding died of a heart attack, Calvin Coolidge took over as President and vowed to make the economy great again. “The business of America is business,” he said. During his presidency, he cut government and tried to discourage lawmakers from passing laws that would hurt business. He encouraged private business owners and tried not to hurt the economy. By staying out of business’ ways he helped to grow a booming auto industry. Ford dropped their prices for the Model T from $850 to $300 due to their use of the assembly line. Model T’s have been selling like crazy! Almost half of Americans own a
More recently, however, the economy seems to be getting worse. The Federal Reserve banks have relaxed their requirements for credit and printed $500 milion of new money. This was in hopes of stimulating the economy more, but it has actually made the economy worse. Many people hoped that the new election of Herbert Hoover might help stabilize the economy, but it did not. In fact, the economy is getting increasingly worse. It seems as though the economy is getting harder and harder to control. The stock market is certainly not doing too well, either. With the increasingly bad economy, stockholders have been quickly selling their stocks away for much lower than the real value and instead selling them for whatever they can get. It is too soon to know what effect this will have on the economy but we will find out soon.
The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age by: Maddi Shinall, Avery Carneol, Coleson Krupp, Grace Tshibanda, and Kayla Alexandar
Duke Ellington, one of the many influential musicians, playing piano. Beginning in World War I, African Americans moved from the South up to the North for jobs and greater opportunities. Originally, African Americans in New York lived in a part of New York called “Black Bohemia.� But more recently, they have been moving to Harlem to escape the overcrowded apartments in Black Bohemia. Harlem apartments were built originally with the white, upper-middle class in mind but landlords were having difficulty renting them out, so Philip Payton decided to make a deal with many of the landlords to have them be rented out by African Americans who had not been given the chance before. African Americans moved out of their rundown, overcrowded apartments and moved to Harlem, where the Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance are born. Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Duke Ellington, and George Gershwin all have one thing in common, they are all
amazing musicians. Their music is listened to by black and white! Louis Armstrong is a jazz trumpet and cornet player. He has a huge influence on the jazz music. Armstrong is shifting the music to more solo type of performances. Jelly Roll Morton has helped start up jazz. Morton is a pianist and composer that played jazz in New Orleans, Louisiana. Duke Ellington was also a jazz pianist and composer. Ellington was based in New York and has become very popular around the nation, making common appearances at the Cotton Club. Ellington has helped jazz spread around the world when he had a recent tour in Europe. George Gershwin was also pianist and composer. Unlike these others he was not about jazz. Gershwin was more of a classical music composer. Gershwin also was widely known across the globe for his music. These four musicians have had many influences in music during this decade The Jazz Age is in full swing but there are many people campaigning against the music. Sixty communities and towns throughout the country have banned the music. Some are saying that jazz will damage people, and it will especially hurt the younger generations. Many also believe that it is causing people to lose their morals. Poetry has started to become very popular, especially poetry from African American poets. Poems right now are a way to express one's feelings about how African Americans are being treated. People that
write poems are an inspiration for young minds to express how that felt about the Harlem Renaissance. Many poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, James Weldon Johnson, and Countee Cullen have emerged and risen to fame from their poetry. One very inspirational poem is called “Harlem Wine.” This poem talks about some of the hardships in the Harlem Renaissance and in Harlem right now. There are many other poems that express similar feelings, such as the poem, “The Negro Speaks Of Rivers.” The poems that many poets write could potentially be used in books or be turned into books, some could even be used as inspiration for paintings! Painting is also a big part of personal expression right now. Aaron Douglas, Lois Mailou Jones, and Jacob Lawrence have been gaining lots of popularity for their artwork. Some of the paintings speak to people about the wonders of the Harlem Renaissance. One is called “Street Life,” and this painting represents the hard times in the Harlem Renaissance. Another piece is titled “Treasures Of Harlem.” This piece represents how Harlem in a wondrous place and you should not be afraid of living there. Harlem is a very exciting place to live for Africans Americans, black people from all over the United States dream to move to Harlem because of its large Africans American population, because of its many jobs opportunities and its exciting nightlife. However, Harlem rent is very expensive, some Harlem residents are doctors, lawyers, and ministers and the high rent do not pose problem to them, but most of Harlem
residents work for small salaries. There are many jobs, but not all are paid well. Many women from Harlem work as laundresses or maids. Many men are porters, bellboys, bootblacks, or truck driver. To solve their problems, the people of Harlem recently invented the Rent Party, to get in, guests paid admission. In the party, the writers who live in Harlem describe what it’s like to live in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age are very important for our country and our people. Without what’s going on right now, African Americans would still be excluded from much of modern society, especially the arts and the entertainment industries. Without what’s going on, many extremely talented African Americans would go unrecognized at what they do best and their talents would go unshared. The Harlem Renaissance has also challenged many societal “rules” about what African Americans can do and what they are good at. Without the Harlem Renaissance, we would be making no progress towards a better, happier county and future.
How Entertainment has Evolved
By: Avery Carneol DancingThe charleston is a dance craze that
FilmFilm was taken over by comedies for
has become very popular, very fast. The
they were the thing people wanted to see.
dance was created by Frank Farnum he
Film was originally a silent picture. Over
thought that it would be a good idea to make
time the 1920s and the T.V. should progress
the dance a contest on T.V. It is performed
and become a thing you can hear and not
by a pose with an actress. The dance became
read. As the films were becoming more and
known all around the world when it was seen
mare productive with their sound quality.
in the movie A Little Bit of Broadway.
The Birth of T.V. Technology has started its development in the 1920s. On April 17, 1927 the first television broadcast took place. It was held in a studio in the town. The first T. V. is in black and white and hopefully will progress to color. After time the T.V became more and more popular at the years went on.
Sports By: Kayla Alexander Sports started becoming popular by the second, participating in watching sports became a part of americans second day life. Newspapers, magazines, and radio broadcast always, they helped advise all the big events and all the big games. Living in the 20’s, sports are very popular, professional sports have become big in business. People want sports. They even offer to pay large sums, including me. One of the first teams to come was the Chicago Bears. Time we spent watching and listening to the radio the more less people are actually engaging to the actual sport. Example: Watching Babe Ruth became more important than playing baseball itself. Listening to the radio everyday it made people more interested in sports than they ever have been. The 1920’s have been a golden age of national sports. Now Jim Crow laws have prevented most black athletes from participating in the American Sports of success that was a big part of the sports culture. Black athletes
have appeared in the nineteenth century, particularly as jockeys, but after the turn of the century African Americans, were not allowed to compete with whites. The 1920s sparked up the sports mania, sports society today has been greatly influenced by the everlasting impact of the decade. Even in today’s society sports are still very popular.
Interview
with
Duke Ellington
10 Questions with Duke Ellington a gentleman, elegant and a famous jazz singer. Q: How’d you get started in the music business? Duke: In my early years, I played piano. I just found out that I loved music and I loved playing. Later in my life I realized I loved conducting especially my own group, The Washingtonians and my, 'self title group'. I started playing professionally in 1917. Q: What kind of culture and musical style was when you entered the music profession? Duke: When I entered the music industry, Jazz was a budding genre of music; some people have considered me a pioneer of a certain style of Jazz.
Duke Ellington says during the interview mean a thing if it ain’t got that swing.”
“I don’t
Q: Do you do a lot of trying over on the piano?
hit the top of the charts, were great opportunities for me, for people to get to buy and hear my music, which enabled me to be awarded the Grammy Lifetime Award.
Duke: No, not much. Sometimes, if I feel like it. I mean sitting down at the piano and playing nothing, just rambling, it's good therapy.
Q: A lot of your themes, like Mood Indigo and Solitude, have a sort of nostalgic feel, not only about the title, but also about the melody itself. Is this a reflection of your personality?
Q: Do you compose at the piano, for instance?
Duke: I don't think you have to live what you play. I don't think I ever wrote myself into anything, anyway. I'm an observer, I think
Duke: Sometimes. I think on trains is one of the best places, and so many times in bed. Q: What kind of culture and musical style was when you entered the music profession? Duke: When I entered the music industry, Jazz was a budding genre of music; some people have considered me a pioneer of a certain style of Jazz. Q: What were some opportunities that made your talent have turning points in it? Duke: I think when any of my songs/albums
Q: What do you feel about critics? Duke: Critics? Oh, critics are wonderful. I think that they should enjoy freedom of expression as much as we do. Q: Have you any message from yourself that you’ d like to give now to the great audience viewing jazz. Duke: Oh yes, I'm sure all the kids in the band want all of our lovely listeners and viewers to know that we do love them madly!
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