TIME
STAFF: Editors- Lucy Ackers and Preston Gingerich Layout Director- Emily Cray Graphic Designer- Sam Terry-Castillo Advertisement- Griffin Whitehead
Table of Contents Letters to the editor's: Pages 3-4 Learn about other readers views on our past feature articles. Letter from the editor's: Page 5 Heebie-Jeebies in Society: Page 6 What America is battling with in society. A New Form of Entertainment: Page 7 Learn about today’s newest entertainment! Briefing: Page 8 Statistics and quotes from this month. Feature Article: Page 10-11 Why battling alcohol created crime, gangsters, and even more use of alcohol. 10 questions: Page 12 An interview with notorious gangster Al Capone. America is changing: Page 14 America is changing, learn all about it in this article. Whats Happening in the World: Page 16 What is happening after the Great War. Sports: Page 17 See what’s happening in the world of sports!
Letters to the Editors Dear Editor, I read your latest article on the debate of urban vs. rural lifestyles, and because I believe I have a good point to prove, I will take place in this controversy. I will be defending urban lifestyle, because it is the cat’s pajamas. No matter where you are in a city everything is accessible to you. There are more jobs in cities, and jobs in cities pay more than working on a farm. Also, jobs in cities can be much easier than jobs in agriculture, because there’s much less manual labor! I think another reason why lots of farmers should move to a city is because of all of the job opportunities, since crop sales have decreased, farms have been shutting down throughout the country; meanwhile lots of jobs are available in cities. Barley and wheat farmers are going out of business everywhere because of the laws creating prohibition. Lots of the farmers have had to move into the city and get jobs there, and they love it. My final reason why urban life is better than city life is because of the variety. There are a variety of freedoms in cities for everything, such as you can any kind of food you want. If you wanted to, you could go find some people you have not ever talked to and talk with them. In a city you do not know everyone and that is more fun than knowing everyone in a small town. In a small rural town you might not be able to do much, where as in a city everything is open much later and stores are open more often. In the city everyone has potential to be happier than they were on a farm. Cities are truly the frog’s eyebrows, so please come move into a city and leave the farm life for simpler folks. Sincerely, Griffin Whitehead
Dear Editor, I find last month’s article about the ‘ritzy burg’ youth of today degrading. The youth of this decade are simply about having fun and being free. Just because we would rather explore new opportunities rather than staying at home and drinking noodle juice does not make us reckless. The youth of today want to explore and drive new places. Today, we want to go to the movies and on other dates without fire extinguishers. We are not the problem, rather the rocks of ages and father times are. If we are blamed for ruining the present and future for ourselves then what do we call our parents. Last generation nearly destroyed themselves. Today, flappers should not be called tomatoes for wearing makeup or cutting our hair the way we want. This is our generation, and we know what we are doing and how to do it. Anyone who disagrees with us should re-adjust their thinking because times are changing and we are the ones changing it. Sincerely, Emily Cray
Dear Editor, I recently read your article on prohibition, and I have to say it was a total gimlet. I get it, everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but this article was crossing the line. You made prohibition sound like the frog's eyebrows, even though all it's doing is corrupting our lives. I completely understand why people support it, either they believe it would help the poor, increase workers productivity, or protect the youth, but the cons outweigh the pros. From what I've heard locals are drinking more than usual, and arrests for intoxication are skyrocketing. Many people are getting alcohol despite the law, some fancy bathtub gin, some are bootleggers, moonshiners, or rumrunners. Even though saloons have closed, speakeasies are up and booming on every street corner in the city. If alcohol weren't outlawed, people wouldn't have to risk their safety to have a lap. Most speakeasies sell booze contained with wood alcohol, which leads to blindness or even death. Not only is the eighteenth amendment failing, but it's developing professional gangs of criminals that will make seven figures by producing and providing booze. Even police and federal officials are getting rich by protecting bootleggers and making sure they can conduct business. It would be berries if the next article you wrote on prohibition acknowledged the wet's view too! Sincerely, Lucy Ackers
Dear Editor, Your article about youth culture was just blaah. In the article you said that it's good for youth to be wild. That they can drink and dance, they can protest, and kiss in public, which us old people don't usually do. Us old people work hard and go to church and we don't drink. Family is important, and we visit each other. And we also hate that the young can't get a job until they’re 14 years old. Us old people we don't hold hands and stuff like that. Sincerely, Sam Terry-Castillo
Dear Editor, I read your article on the Scopes trial, and I must say, I thought it was the duck’s quack. In 1925, John Scopes was accused of teaching evolution, which went against the Tennessee law. Evolution is the idea that man evolved from earlier forms of life. The trial forever changed the role of religion, science and education in the United States. The trial was also a national story. The trial ended up being more about the constitutionality of teaching or not teaching evolution, not about Scopes’ crime. George Rappleyea stated that, while the Butler Act prohibited the teaching of evolution, the state required teachers to use a textbook that explicitly described and endorsed the theory of evolution and that teachers were, therefore, effectively required to break the law. Scopes lost the case and was fined $100, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The monkey trial slowed the religious movement to stop the teaching of evolution until 1968 when in Epperson vs. Arkansas it was ruled that no one could stop the teaching of evolution. Thank you,
Letter from the Editors For this special issue of Time our staff has collaborated on the topic of this specifically important feature article. After months of deliberation we finally agreed on the topic, crime and prohibition. We chose the subject of crime and prohibition, because it is a key issue in all of our daily lives, and we wanted to get the truth out there to the Americans who aren't in the loop. In this feature article you will learn why prohibition is significant, the history behind it, and the positive and negative effects that result from prohibition. You will also learn more about the Volstead Act, who Al Capone is and his significance, what happened on St. Valentine's Day, who Eliot Ness is, and what we expect the future will be like because of crime and prohibition.
their individual articles. Us editors also put in our fair share of effort, we edited all individual articles, the feature article, and letters written to us about past articles. This issue just may be the hardest one to put together in the designated amount of time, but we're proud to get it out to the many subscribers of Time. All in all, the whole staff at Time has put in their blood, sweat, and tears, just to make this issue a success. Fans of this magazine mean the world to us, and we want them to know everything that is going on in this nation. Getting letters from the people who read this magazine and who truly care about what we write, make our jobs worth the work. We hope that you enjoy this feature article, because we enjoy supplying you with reliable, relevant, information. The editors,
The process of writing this article and finishing it before the deadline was strenuous. Our exceptional staff put in numerous hours of work for weeks on this feature article, and they sat in the office from dusk until dawn working on
Lucy Ackers and Preston Gingerich
Heebie-Jeebies in Society By Lucy Ackers From the way the twenties are going so far, I think the "roaring twenties" won't be the end of segregation in the states. Negros feel the sting of bigotry daily, plus there are still active laws that keep them in an inferior position in the southern states. Discrimination isn't only in the south like some assume, it also has a huge role in northern states as well. Integration and equality aren't approaching our modern day society as speedily as you wish. If you haven’t been living under a rock your whole life, you have most likely heard of a white supremacist, white nationalist, nativist, anticommunist, and christian terrorist cult called the Klu Klux Klan (KKK). The KKK is a very powerful organization founded in Georgia whose morals have spread like wildfire through the deep south and the lower west side of the mississippi. Today approximately four million people are members of the Klan. Although most klansmen are descendants of anti-Catholic Americans, not all are. Klansmen come primarily from small towns where little to no immigration, industrialization, and liberal thought of modern day America is recognized. In the past there have been many "incidents" in the klan that caused tension throughout the states. Attorney at law, Peter McMahon, was taken from a train at Trenton, South Carolina and brutally beaten by a gang of klansmen for no apparent reason. just after the attack on McMahon, a negro bellhop was taken from his workplace by a group of the white hooded men who branded him with acid on the forehead with the letters "K.K.K.".
In the past there have been many "incidents" in the klan that caused tension throughout the states. Attorney at law, Peter McMahon, was taken from a train at Trenton, South Carolina and brutally beaten by a gang of klansmen for no apparent reason. just after the attack on McMahon, a negro bellhop was taken from his workplace by a group of the white hooded men who branded him with acid on the forehead with the letters "K.K.K.". More recently a woman, believed to have been committing adultery, was seized, stripped, tarred, and feathered in the Klu Klux Klan fashion. Finally, a couple days ago on August 24th, two critics of the klan, Fillmore Watt Daniels and Thomas F. Richards, were murdered by klansmen. Based on fact I predict that the klan won't stop there. If more attention isn't brought to this issue the cult will take over the country! The Klu Klux Klan grows every single day, will it ever stop?
A New Form Of Entertainment By Emily Cray Movies and Broadway After the Great War a new generation of entertainment has been created. WIth the turn of the decade it is easier than ever to see a movie or go to a broadway show. Over 800 movie showings and 250 broadways shows are produced each year. Broadway has mainly consisted in New York but is taking place in new cities every year. Movie theaters are popping up in new places every month, now people from the cities and rural areas can watch showings of movies on a regular basis. The big 5’ companies that are producing movies are: Warner Bros, famous playerslasky corp, RKO, MGM, and Fox Film. Up and coming companies are Universal, United Artists, and Columbia Pictures are known as the little 3.. Another company known as Disney Bros has created a sensational movie called Steamboat Willie. Movies are not like before, some use color or sound, and sometimes even both. Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford are some of the biggest stars of this decade. With all of the success happening in the movie business the Academy Awards were created in 1927.
Music Music of the twenties has been redefined as well. Jazz has taken the country by storm. The youth are dancing wildly to it in speakeasies while at the same time jazz is slowly making its way into modern culture for everyone of all ages to enjoy. Another advancement of music in this decade is a new device called the radio. Radios are now being sold nearly everywhere. With a radio you and your family can listen to the news, talk shows, and music.
Writers If you don’t like the advancement in movies and music you may like the advancement in books and writers. New authors of the decade have created soon to be classics inspired by today's culture. At the same time books being created have created a difference in attitude of the youth. One of this decade's biggest authors is F. Scott Fitzgerald and his big hit the Great Gatsby.
Briefing
100 million radios were sold this year.
In 1920 the amount of homes with electricity was only 35%. Now 9 years later 68% of homes have electricity. New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia are the three biggest cities in the USA. They are the only cities with 1
Babe Ruth has hit his
million people or more in the
500th home run.
USA.
The unemployment rate is
3.2% 105.7 million people live in the USA There are 120,000 prisoners in the USA.
“The business of America is business.� -Calvin Coolidge
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Is Prohibition Really Needed? In the early years of this decade the need for prohibition was obvious. The poor spent all of their money at saloons rather than towards their families. The youth of today began to become influenced by drinking, gambling, and prostitution. Some people believe alcohol decreases workers productivity. With people wanting a change, Congress passed the 18th amendment changing today and the future to come. At the beginning of the decade the 18th Amendment started. The 18th Amendment states that transporting, selling, or consuming alcohol is illegal. Supporters of prohibition think it will improve society by making families happier and wealthier by not spending money on alcohol. Who knew that this would create crime, gangsters, bootlegging, and speakeasies.
With prohibition needing to be enforced, the Volstead Act was created. Congress overruled the president's veto on October 28, 1919. The Volstead Act lists the procedures if the 18th Amendment is broken. Supporters of Prohibition are called Drys, while the people who oppose it are nicknamed Wets. Al Capone is one of the most notorious gangsters. He is also an embalmer. Al Capone has control of over 700 men and he also has control of more than ten thousand speakeasies. He oversees bootlegging activities from Florida to Chicago. Al Capone is famous for brutally murdering many people. He also bootlegs and commits many different kinds of crime. Al Capone has finally been arrested, he has been arrested not for murder nor bootlegging, he has been arrested for tax fraud. On St. Valentine’s Day morning in 1929, a group of gangsters gathered in a liquor warehouse on Chicago’s northern side. They were disguised as police officers and driving vehicles similar to the ones used by police. The warehouse is the bootlegging headquarters of George “Bugs” Moran’s gang. Moran’s gang is Al Capone’s rival. So on St. Valentine’s Day 1929, Al Capone’s gang burst in, disguised as police officers and shot all of the seven men that were in the warehouse. They then escaped in a Cadillac and were soon gone.
Al Capone’s Mug shot (1929)
Eliot Ness is the man in charge of the team known as the Untouchables. They are called the Untouchables because they are believed to be untouchable by corruption. Eliot Ness was given credit for apprehending Al Capone and putting him in prison.
Some people think that prohibition is bad, but I think it is the cat's pajamas. One reason that it is good is because people have to get alcohol from doctors if they want it legally. Pharmacists can also give alcohol. It was harder for some of us to get alcohol, but it was also easier for some of us. Alcohol was dangerous enough and now prohibition is making it even worse. Other reasons people support prohibition is because they believe alcohol is ruining lives. Some also are thinking that eliminating alcohol will help the poor, because now the poor will not spend a ton of their money at saloons. Alcohol reduces productivity so lots of bosses do not want their workers to have it. The last reason is they think they are helping America’s youth by not letting them near the dangers of alcohol. Even though Prohibition has many positive effects on our modern day society, there are also many drawbacks. Throughout the U.S. there are many people who oppose Prohibition, these people are known as the wets. Opposition is targeted mainly in large cities and immigrant communities, but there is an essence of antiprohibition belief in small towns as well. To get around the law, most wets make their own bathtub gin or have a lap at their local speakeasy. Speakeasies are the booming establishments that sell illegal booze to consumers. Today there are approximately 32,000 speakeasies in New York alone. These establishments may seem like a great way to replace saloons, but in reality they're far worse than any saloon could ever be. Drinks sold in speakeasies are known to contain hazardous substances, such as wood alcohol. Consumers of wood alcohol have experienced blindness or even death. You may wonder where these toxic boozes came from, and there’s only one answer to that question, bootleggers.
People from around the country are making their way into the bootlegging scene in order to earn the big bucks, like racketeers and gangsters. Instead of local criminals gambling and turning tricks, they’re branching out into the bootleg liquor trade. Bootlegging is the illegal production, distribution, and/or transportation of liquor, and bootleggers are the key supplier of booze to our nation. Without our beloved miscreants this nation would be filled with law abiding citizens, thankfully they're here to stay. In conclusion, prohibition in the United States reduces drinking alcoholic beverages. The eighteenth Amendment takes away the license from businesses that sell alcohol. These businesses are banned by the eighteenth amendment from selling and making alcoholic beverages, but there are still people that make alcohol and sell it illegally. For example, there are gangs that are taking the alcohol, then selling it to people. In the near future I predict that prohibition will be relinquished from our society, because all it's causing is damage.
10 Questions with Al Capone By Sam Terry-Castillo
1.
Where were you born?
Brooklyn, New York. 2.
When you born?
January 17, 1899. 3.
How many years were you in federal prison?
7. What was your father’s name? Gabriel Capone 8. How tall are you? 5’ 10” 9. What religion do you believe in? My religion is Roman Catholic.
11 years recorded. 10. What was your mother’s name? 4.
How many years were you a crime boss?
7 years. 5.
How old were you when you ended being a crime boss?
I was only 27. 6.
When were you an American gangster?
1920- 1947.
Teresina Capone
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America Is Changing! By Griffin Whitehead The economy is very important now that we are in the 1920s. Lots of new things are happening, because of the technology that is now being discovered. It is an age of luxury, where things are getting easier for the average person. The economy in today's world is booming for America. America is growing in the economy, therefore a lot of new concepts are evolving. For example, buying things on credit is a new idea. The concept of credit is that you can buy something now and pay it off over time, but you have to pay a little extra. Credit is the bee’s knees because 65% of people's cars are owned on credit. Lots of people could have gone in debt if they had bought everything without credit. Advertisements are another new concept in today's world. Everyone sees
them wherever they go. Everything is advertised from cigarettes to cars. The standard of living has gone up a lot in America for the first time too. Average wages have increased for all Americans, which is the cat’s pajamas. The government is really helping businesses grow by providing them with help. The last reason the standard of living is going up, is because of the ability to buy things with credit. America is changing more than ever before, people can have almost anything they want. People are starting to drive cars instead of riding horses, which is the frog's eyebrows. For the first time Americans are able to live in luxury. Electrical appliances also make life much easier.
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What’s Happening in the World By Preston Gingerich
After WWI, our country turned its back on the world. Many of us turned our backs on Europe because of religious persecution or poverty, also, the big gap between Europe and the United States further reinforced our feelings that the new world separated in many ways from the old.
Us Americans also turned our backs on the war. We demonstrated turning our backs on the world by changing our attitudes on immigration. President Wilson supported the entry of the United States entry into the European war primarily with the idea of influencing the peace that followed. After the war, Wilson realized that he had to give up a few of his fourteen points.
In the red scare of 1919, attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer led a nationwide drive against “foreign-born subversives and agitators”. He rounded up more than 10,000 aliens (immigrants that weren’t official citizens).
Sports By Sam Terry-Castillo
Hockey touched the lives of North Americans in the 1920s. The National Hockey League (NHL) was founded in 1917. It started out as an allcanadian affair and then on December 19, 1917 people came to see the Wonders beat Fevery played a few weeks which was 10-9 and then the Fevery dropped out of the NHL because one of their team players got hurt and then the Fevery dropped out the championship.
Mike Goodman
Works Cited Lucy Ackers: Caudill, Edward, Edward J. Larson, and Jesse Fox. Mayshark. The Scopes Trial: A Photographic History. Knoxville: U of Tennessee, 2000. Print. Hanson, Erica. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. KKK Parade in Tulsa. Digital image. AP Images. N.p., 20 Aug. 1997. Web. 14 Oct. 2015. Pietrusza, David. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print. Wukovits, John F. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Print. Preston Gingerich: Baughman, Judith S. American Decades: 1920-1929. New York: Gale Research, 1996. Print. Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print. FBI. FBI, 21 May 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. The Germans In America. Digital image. Chronology : (European Reading Room, Library of Congress). N. p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. U.S.A. Twenties. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Griffin Whitehead: Doctors Endorse Tobacco. Digital image. Nytimes.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Ford Model T. Digital image. Classzone.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Knocking Down the Shine. Digital image. Moviestarmaker.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. U.S.A. Twenties. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Vintage Vacuum Ad. Digital image. Vintageadbrowser.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Al Capone. Digital image. History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Emily Cray: Blum, Daniel C., and John Willis. A Pictorial History of the American Theatre, 1860-1980. New York: Crown, 1981. Print. Broadway of 1920's. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 1 Apr. 2009. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Carloscappaticci. Babe Ruth. Digital image. Flickr. N.p., 10 Mar. 2006. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "Film History of the 1920s." Film History of the 1920s. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. This Fabulous Century: 1920-1930. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1991. Print. This Fabulous Century, Volume III: 1920-1930. New York: Time-Life, 1969. Print. Corrigan, Jim. The 1920s Decade in Photos: The Roaring Twenties. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2010. Print. "Mike Goodman." Mike Goodman. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.