The REAL 1400s
Martina Austin Gabriela Gomez Patrick Hanna Logan Hoselton
Group B
Introduction In the 1400’s developments occurred in Western Europe. In the early 1400’s, Europeans communities were still recovering from the disasters and diseases that killed thousands of people. Over 25 million people died of diseases, it eventually overcame
that disaster. Most Natives and Africans lived in small villages. The land in which the Natives and Africans’ lived on had many ancient traditions. The Columbian exchange is the global transfer of living things from the eastern hemisphere to the western hemisphere. Not only did crops and animals were exchanged, but also many diseases were exchanged also.
Section 1: Europeans
Main Idea
During the 1400’s Europe became one of the most powerful countries in the world.
Why it Matters
European’s Columbian Exchange brought together foreign merchandise and changed the way some European’s lived.
Key Terms:
innovations
plague
social hierarchy
Personal Accounts: Christopher ordered either to bring all of the slaves to keep them hold or to Castile them. With about fifty men they controlled and subjugated the slaves. They made them do whatever they wanted, or they had to do anything they were told to do. The people are so simple in deeds of arms. -The Great Adventures of Christopher Columbus Slaves were included in this voyage
European Innovations The Columbian exchange had positive and negative impacts on innovations around the world. The exchange explained why Europeans quickly became the wealthiest and most powerful country in the world. New plants and animals were
transferred to Europe and Africa for the voyages of Columbus. The term is describe the wide spread of goods getting traded around the world. Monarchs and merchants saw the opportunity to increase their own wealth and influence. Merchants moved up in the 1400s due to the increase in trades. Spaniards forced Native Americans to work in mines and lose the land to Europe. Europe colonization of the Americas led to conflict. To conclude, the Columbian exchange had many negative issues but also positive happenings.
European Society In the early 1400’s European communities were still recovering from the disasters and diseases that killed thousands of people and impacted the society in a big way. Many crops and animals died from the rain. Along with the crops and animals, thousands of peasants died from starvation. In addition to that, in the mid 1340’s over 25 million people died from having
the plague. The plague is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria named Yesinia pestis. Even so, after the epidemic of plagues was over, Europeans started to develop growth and change. The decline and growth in Europe’s population impacted the society in many ways. It impacted the society because it gave it room to make new developments and make changes to their land and society. Although Europe was beginning to experience some minor setbacks they still have managed to overcome it and keep growing.
European Government In the late 1400’s European communities were based on social hierarchy, and organized to rank. Monarchs and nobles were at the top of the hierarchy. Monarchs were at the top because they were the king and queen, but some people referred to them as their “lord”. The nobles were on top because they were tied together by oath of loyalty and by family connections. The church was also at the top of the hierarchy. The church was at the top because they had a lot of money and they also owned armies. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the merchants and peasants. In the 1400’s, due to the increase in trade, the merchants moved up. Very few individuals moved beyond which they were born within the social structure. In conclusion, the social hierarchy of the European community organized their ranking.
European Timeline & Definitions
Innovation - Introduction of new things or methods Plague – A disease Social Hierarchy – Where you stand socially in society.
Critical Thinking Questions 1) Examine the Columbian Exchange. How did it bring foreign cultures to other countries? 2) Evaluate on what the European Communities were based on and assess how they worked. 3) Compare the power of the church before the crusades and after.
Section 2: Native Americans
Main Idea
The Native Americans had an advanced life style that was simple but related to European Society.
Why It Matters
Our observation of how Native American’s lived has changed the way we live now.
Key Terms
Qualities, allegedly, long houses
Personal Account: The Native Americans didn’t harm the nature of trees. They dug little holes when trying to dig roots up. They didn’t chop down the trees; they just shook down acorns and pine nuts down. But the white people chop down all the trees and mess up the grounds.
-Wintu Woman explaining the Native American belief in Nature of land Quoted of culture
Native American Innovations The tradition and customs of the social organization was passed along from elders to the young. In some tribes, the women possessed the household items, while in others men possessed everything. The Iroquois and Hopi tribe believed that everything was traced back from mother to great grandmother, while in other native cultures they believed it was the men. The social order was formed based on gender, age, and status. Slaves did all the work while the nobles made sure the law was obeyed. Most Native American families lived together while others lived as nomads. When the family lived together, they usually live in bark-covered long houses. The nomads went off on their own and hunted.
Native American Society Many Native Americans shared certain qualities, even though no Native American tribe was alike. Native Americans mostly come into contact with each other while trading. Native groups such as the Nootka along the coastline trade with the Ojibwa tribe for rice. The Taos tribe made pottery, and they all came into contact with each other while trading. Some traders had to
travel hundreds of thousands of miles. An English sailor by the name of David Ingram allegedly walked from Mexico to the Atlantic coast. Some tribes traded with each other without making any direct contact. They traded from foreign places.
Native American Government There were various kinds of land in North America, and that inspired Native American cultures. In the early 1240s, California
was considered to be many lands. Since California had a long coastline, a northern rainforest, and a southern desert, the Kashaya Pomo and other natives thought of it as multiple lands. Since the waterways in northwestern was so important, it maintained many communities all year-round. Some groups of natives hunted along the coastline for things such as shellfish, whales, otters, and seals. Meanwhile, down in southwestern California, the prima and pueblo tribes lived in grim conditions. Over time, the Pueblos make new arrangements near waterways. Near the waterways, they produce farms. To conclude, since the natives were from different lands, different cultures developed.
Native American Timeline & Definitions
Qualities – A distinctive characteristic, property, or attribute
Allegedly - Represented as existing or as being as described but not so proved Long houses – houses consisting of a wooden, bark-covered framework often as much as 100 feet in length.
Critical Thinking Questions 1) Explain how important it is to Native Americans to track their lineage? 2) Write how the Native Americans let the Europeans come and take advantage of them. 3) Compare Christianity to that of Native American belief.
Section 3: West Africa
Main Idea
Major Kingdoms in Africa depended much on trade from North Africa and through them Europe.
Why It Matters
The lives of Africans greatly affected today’s society, for both good and bad.
Key Terms
Profitable, exported, and rituals
Personal Account: Chief Egharevba took rulers and caused people to tribute him. Roads that were done well were done in Benin City. The town gained its name by the reign and it then became important.
- A short history reading of Benin City Rulers, Chief Jacob
West African Innovations West African society gained wealth and power through innovation. In the 15th century, a major change began to take place in western society. A profitable trade had developed by which West Africans exported goods. The Middle Niger region and Western Sudan took control of the trans-Saharan trade. Iron Ore production in Africa was dominated by Southern Africa.
They produce ore for use within the country. Countries pass Iron Ore that are yet un-mined. Most of Africa’s Iron Ore producers are controlled by the state. Often their aspects for their beliefs and behaviors become the reason of their theories. To conclude, they gained their religious terms trading routes and producers by all their help by Europe.
West African Society The family was the center of West African Society along with traditions and the surrounding communities. In the African Society, the age and gender determined their rank. The oldest male was usually the leader of the community. One of the many traditions passed from generation to generation is called the oral tradition. The oral tradition is when the culture and
history is told from one generation to another. It is often told by a storyteller in narrative form. The Songhai Kingdom became the largest African society ever. They gained wealth and power through trade. Even though the society of Africa is not the same, the past traditions and rituals are still carried through some cultures today.
West African Government The three major kingdoms of West Africa play a large role in the government. The first kingdom is called Songhai. This
kingdom’s leader is called Manikango the Kango Kingdom was made up of a series of small kingdoms. In the 1470’s there were about 4 million people in the empire. The third kingdom was called Benin. This kingdom was ran by the Niger Delta. Also, it was a forest kingdom, meaning that the kingdom was located in the forest, away from the Savanna. This kingdom exchanged ambassadors with Portugal. To conclude, The West African kingdoms have a lot to do with how their government works.
West African trade routes
West African Timeline & Definitions Songhai Kingdom gained wealth and power through trade.
Kango Kingdom was made up into small kingdoms.
In the 15th century, change began to take place in western society.
Profitable – Something that yields a profit. Exported - To send or transmit to another place, especially to another country. Ritual - An established or prescribed procedure for a religious or other rite.
Critical Thinking Questions
1) Compare how African Culture is similar to that of the Europeans culture? 2) Examine how Africans arrange tasks by social status. How did this work? 3) Assess how it was that African’s supported themselves?