Measuring Business Access to Information & Communication Technology Michael.Minges@itu.int
UNCTAD Expert Meeting on Measuring Electronic Commerce as an Instrument for the Development of the Digital Economy Geneva, 8-10 September 2003
ITU
UN specialized agency for telecommunications Has been collecting statistics for 30 years With fusion of telecommunications, computers and broadcasting has expanded coverage to Information and Communication Technology indicators (ICT) Has expanded sources from administrative records to include surveys Focus on accessibility and e-readiness hence interest in ICT in business sector See www.itu.int/ti 2
Importance Contribution of ICT to output growth, 1995-99, Percent
Percent of Internet users who only access from work, 2002 Ireland
Japan Germany
Belgium
US
Estonia
Italy
Latvia
Australia
Lithuania
UK Canada
Finland Czech Rep. UK
Finland
Austria
France
0%
20%
40%
Source: ITU adapted from OECD, SIBIS.
0
20 3
40
What to measure Access
Use
PCs
Type
Internet
access
Uses Web
E-commerce
of connection site
Benefits & Barriers
Purchases Sales
4
Methods
Sample survey
OECD, Model Questionnaire on ICT Usage and Electronic Commerce in Enterprises Eurostat, Pilot Survey National
Universe
Size (by employees)
Micro (< 5) Often excluded Small (5 – 9) Medium (20-99) Large (100+)
Industry type
Primary Manufacturing Services
5
Often excluded
Size, Example from New Zealand Business indicators by employment size 100% 90% Large
80% 70%
Businesses with Internet Percent, June 2001 New Zealand Large
79
> 50 employees
95
60% 50%
Medium
40%
Medium
89
Small
30% 20% 10%
20-49 employees
Small
6-19 employees
Micro
<6 employees Data not available
75
Micro
0% Firms
Staff
Output
Source: ITU adapted from Ministry of Economic Development (New Zealand), 6 Statistics New Zealand.
Good coverage of developed economies for access indicators
Have Internet access
Have own Web site
Note: All businesses with 10 or more employees except Canada. 7 Source: ITU adapted from OECD (beginning 2001).
Greece
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Spain
Canada
Italy
Portugal
Netherlands
Norway
Austria
New Zealand
Australia
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Asian Tigers and some Economies in Transition also have data Businesses with ICTs, Percent
100 90 80
PC Internet Web site
70
PC Internet Web site
100 90 80 70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0 HK, China Korea, Taiwan, Singapore Rep. China
0 Estonia Latvia
Lith. Poland Russia
Source: ITU adapted from FIND 2002 (Taiwan, China), IDA 2002 (Singapore), C&SD 2002 8 (Hong Kong China), NCA 2001 (Korea, Rep.) & Baltic Information Society Statistics (right chart).
Scarce data for developing nations & comparability questionable 100 90 80
PC Internet Web site
90 80
70 60
70 60
50
50
40 30
40 30
20 10
20 10
0
0 Mexico
Mauritius
100
Peru
PC
Internet Web site
Source: ITU adapted from OECD, INEGI (Mexico, 1999, all firm sizes) and INEI (Peru, 9 2000, 5+ employees) & NCB (Mauritius, 2001, 10+ employees).
Some studies particularly for SMEs Africa, 2000
Asia, 2001- 2002 Phone Fax PC
100 90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0 Tanzania
Kenya
PC Internet Web site
100
Sri Lanka Thailand
Phil.
Indonesia
Source: ITU adapted from ZEF, “The Role of ICT for the Performance of SMEs in East 10 Africa” & The Asia Foundation, “Regional Survey of SMEs’ use of eCommerce.”
Proxies
Domain registrations in the .com.cc domain Business Internet subscriptions
11
Business Digital Divide Internet access in Chilean micro, small and medium sized firms, 2001, percent 100 90 80
68
70 60
60
50 40 30 20 10
32 22 11
0 Micro
Small
Medium
Source: ITU adapted from INE Chile and Eurostat.
Chile
EU average 12
Conclusions
Need to enhance visibility of existing surveys Disseminate model questionnaire Reinforce statistical capacity Focus on access indicators as first step
Businesses with PCs Businesses with Internet access Businesses with web page
Target of at least 100 countries with data by 2005 13