ITU World Telecommunication Development Report Access Indicators for the Information Society Press Briefing UN, Geneva 4 December 2003
What the report is • A practical toolkit with • A 100page statistical dozens of definitions annex covering a range and examples of of data for 182 indicators & surveys countries in 20 used to measure statistical tables is also access to ICTs that included. These “World governments can use to Telecommunication improve their statistical Indicators” include data practices. such as the number of telephone subscribers, television households and Internet users.
Why measure access? “We, the representatives of the peoples of the world… declare our common desire and commitment to build a peoplecentered, inclusive … Information Society, where everyone can create, access, utilize and share information and knowledge, enabling individuals, communities and peoples to achieve their full potential … and improving their quality of life…” —World Summit on the Information Society, Declaration of Principles, Draft of 14 November 2003
Contents 1. Accessing the Information Society 2. Measuring Access to ICTs 3. ICTs in Business, School & Government 4. ICTs and the Millennium Development Goals 5. The Digital Access Index 6. Conclusions World Telecommunication Indicators
The digital divide & the statistical divide Low Income Upper Middle 100%
Lower Middle High Income
70%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
40% 5%
0% Population
Lower Middle High Income
100%
16%
80%
Low income Upper Middle
Internet users
23%
60%
33%
0% Countries
0% Internet survey
Oversurveyed
Internet user surveys in Europe 90
Spain
50 44
Den mark
80
42
70 60 EU
50
29 23
19
Spain
40 30
Greece
20 10 0 Nielsen SIBIS Gallup TNS
AUI
INE
NSO
Gallup
Internet users as % of 14/15/16+ population, 2002
The shrinking digital divide? Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Peru, 2000
3.9
2.0
Estimate Mexico, 2002
Survey
9.8
4.6
Estimate
Thailand, 2001 3.8
Estimate Jamaica, 2003
5.8
Survey
25.7
5.0 Survey
Estimate
Survey
Age and access device Internet users per 100 inhabitants, 2002 81
Iceland 12+
71
Sweden 16+
Iceland
64.9
Sweden
57.3
Denmark 16+
64
USA
55.2
Singapore 15+
64
Korea(Rep.)
55.2
Canada 15+
63
Japan
Finland 16+
62
Canada
51.3
Neth. 15+
62
Denmark
51.3
Norway 13+
61
Finland
50.8
USA 3+
59
Netherlands
50.6
Korea (Rep.) 6+
57
Singapore
50.4
44.9
Only from mobiles
Mexico: Internet subscription, possession, use and access, 2002 100 90 80 70
68.5
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
2.0
6.2
Subscribers per Availability in 100 inhabitants household (%)
9.9
Users per 100 inhabitants
Population covered (%)
Ethiopia: telephone penetration and use 1998 19.3
0.3 Telephone penetration
Use telephone
South Africa mobile
Percentage of population covered by mobile cellular service
90 70
73
75
92
96
80 Mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants
2.3
4.5
1997
1998
7.9
1999
12.0
2000
19.1
2001
24.3
2002
30.7
2003
Electricity
Percentage of households in Africa with electricity, radio, TV 60
Electricity Radio TV
2
R = 0.92
50 40 TV 30
20 10 0 0
20
40
60
Electricity
80
Ghana Senegal Namibia Mozam bique
Sector 85 37
93
89 44
• Business • School • Government
Small Medium Large European Chile Internet access in Union Chilean firms, '02, % Estonia 100 Switzerland 93 Chile 76 Mauritius 48 Turkey 41 34 Malaysia Cape Verde 33 Mongolia 26 Secondary schools with Internet access Ethiopia 2 % , 2002 Malawi 0.4
Finland Canada Slovenia Estonia HK, China Macao, China Peru Malawi
85 82 79 67 42 16 Gov't employees 13 with I nternet access, % , 2002 5
Information & Communication Technology & Millennium Development Goals
MDGs ICTs
MDG Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target 18 “In cooperation with the private sector make available the benefits of new technologies, specifically information and communications.”
A decade of ICT progress
Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, developing regions
2002 1992
52.6 44.1 35.4
27.4
9.8
18.0
14.1 7.1 1.2
Carib Europe & Latin East bean C. Asia Am erica Asia
4.5 MENA
5.3
4.7
4.5
1.0
2.3
0.7
Sub Pacific Saharan Africa
South Asia
Note: Developed countries are excluded. For definitions of regions, see: www.worldbank .org/data/countryclass/classgroups.htm.
Macroeconomic impact of ICTs: Japan
1995
1997
1999
2001
ICT annual growth 19952001: 9.3% (Overall economy only 1.2%) ICT jobs: 3.8 million (7.1% of all workers, 3rd largest employer)
ICT Overall 0.03%
0.31% Ret ail
0.06% Transport at ion
0.06% Iron & st eel
Const ruct ion
Wholesale 0.02%
Share of ICT sector in GDP
0.24%
Elect ric machinery
10.0% 9.3% 8.6%
0.66%
11.8% 10.9% 11.2%
0.83%
12.6%
Contribution to economic growth, 2001
1.5 million jobs created US$ 206 billion ICT investment US$ 335 billion production induced
Gender, pollution & telework in Ireland Telework: “persons who work from home & could not do so without PC with a telecom link.”
More teleworkers = more people working at home = less car pollution (MDG #7)
72%
41%
Teleworkers All workers 56%
44%
68% 49%
41%
33%
College Women
Have Married children
Work at home 9. 7% Home 8.9%
Public t ransport , walk, bicycle 36.2%
(Telework: 2.3%)
Car 54.1% Away Number of vehicles from increased by 68% home from 1990-2001. 91.1% Related CO2 emissions increased by 122% in Get t ing t o work Locat ion of work
More tertiary education = more women with small children teleworking (MDG #3)
Impact of ICTs on Millennium Development Goals 1. Eradicate extreme poverty
24
2. Achieve universa l primary educatio n
5.7
3.Promo te gender equality
4. Reduce child mortalit y
5.Impro ve materna l health
Increase in Increase in Increase in income of primary female tertiary Bangladesh school school village phone enrolment in enrolment in owners Nepal from Australia from teachers online
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
143
0.8
% change
6. Combat HIV/ AID S, malaria and other diseases
10
50
2
Decrease in Decrease in Increase in Decrease in infant health maternal condom CO2 car problems mortality imports in St. emissions among following ICT- Lucia after HIV from telework families using based program radio show in Ireland telemedicine in Uganda
WSIS Targets 1.
To connect villages with ICTs and establish community access points 2. To connect … schools 3. To connect research centres 4. To connect public libraries… 5. To connect health centres & hospitals 6. To connect all local and central government departments & establish websites and email addresses 7. To adapt … school curricula to meet challenges of the Information Society 8. To ensure that all of the world’s population has access to TV & radio 9. To encourage development of content & … facilitate the presence and use of all world languages on the Internet 10. To ensure that more than half the world’s inhabitants have access to ICTs within their reach
94 100 95
99 89
88
Radio
78
Developing Developed World
% population covered by terrestrial TV broadcasting
97
81
% population covered by telephone service
Developing Developed
World
Digital Access Index • ITU expertise: – Leading source of ICT data – Analysis and research strength
Broadband subscribers
• Inclusive: – 178 economies, most of any other ICT index
QUALITY
Fixed telephone subscribers
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Transparent:
International – 5 categories, 8 indicators, easy to Internet decode bandwidth
• Classifications:
– High, upper, medium, low
• Flexibility: – gender subindex – national indices – index over time
USAGE Internet users
Mobile cellular subscribers Internet access price
Literacy
KNOWLEDGE School enrolment
AFFORDABILITY
eITU indicators Universal service
Universal access
Sector use
1.% households with electricity 2. % households with a radio 3.% households with a television 4. % of households with a telephone 5. % of households with a computer 6. % of households with Internet
7. % of population covered by mobile 8. % of population that use a computer 9. % of population with access to the Internet
10. % businesses with computers 11. % businesses with Internet access 12. % businesses with a website 13. Student to computer ratio 14. % schools with Internet access 15. % gov’t offices with Internet access 16. % gov’t offices with a website 17.% gov’t employees with
Digital Access Index 18. Fixed subscribers per 100 inhabitants 19. Mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants 20. Internet tariff as % of per capita income 21. Internet bandwidth per inhabitant 22. Broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants 23. Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Conclusions • Follow model surveys to enhance international comparability. Where household or business surveys are already conducted by national statistical offices, include ICT access questions. • Developed nations and multilateral agencies should assist developing nations to compile ICT indicators • Government ICT agencies should collect administrative records on ICTs and liase with their national statistical offices. • Make available data more visible. Countries should identify a prominent website location for information society statistics. • At the international level, a portal for information society indicators could be created, containing links to national statistics as well as model questionnaires and methodological information. International agencies also devote more resources to this area. • Good statistical practice is important; transparency, clarity, timeliness and relevance are critical.
World Telecom Indicators 1. Basic indicators 2. Main telephone lines 3. Waiting list 4. Telephone network 5. Teleaccessibility 6. Telephone tariffs 7. Cellular subscribers 8. Cellular tariffs 9. ISDN 10. International traffic
11. Telecom staff 12. Telecom revenue 13. Telecom investment 14. Equipment trade 15. Information technology 16. Internet tariffs 17. Broadband 18. Broadcasting 19. Pay TV 20. Projections
181 economies, 2002 data
ITU 2003 World Telecommunication Development Report: Access Indicators for the Information Society
Thank you! Michael.Minges@itu.int