National Heritage Network

A GUIDE TO A REDEVELOPED PARK SYSTEM FOR THE PEOPLE Create parks without borders Link systems and visitors Link parks - local to national.

Design for interconnectivity.

Enhance permeable boundaries.

Broaden understanding of resource connection Display Cultural Connectivness of the National Parks

BACKGROUND MASTER NETWORK

NATIONAL HERITAGE NETWORK

ALLIED STUDIO:: THEORY AND COMPETITION SPRING 2012

Chen, Donelko, Haenlein, Illes, Kazi, Lywood, Martinez, Rozier, Shareef, Wang,

Youyou Joseph Matthew Dustin Nilofar Philip Armando Randall Mamon Wei

political

specific events regional identity

Historic

industry

specific events regional identity

Cultural important Hopewell Furnace structure

influencial people

Cultural

Historic

cultural

specific events Historic

regional identity

important structure Cultural

Lowell important structure

regional identity

important structure

Cultural

Salem Maritime

Saugus Iron Works Geological natural beauty

Geological natural beauty

air

Historic

land

specific events regional identity Cultural

Historic

important structure

recreation Allegheny Portage Railroad Geological natural beauty

water

influencial people regional identity

influencial people

Historic

Cultural Thomas Edison

important structure

regional identity

specific events Historic important structure

Cultural recreation

San Francisco Maritime Geological natural beauty

POLITICAL REGIONAL IDENTITY

INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

INDUSTRIAL SETTLEMENT

LAND SOURCE OF RECREATION

WATER AIR POLITICAL

INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE

NATIONAL HERITAGE NETWORK

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL POLITICAL

SPECIFIC EVENTS

INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL POLITICAL

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES

INDUSTRIAL CULTURAL LAND

GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

WILDLIFE

WATER AIR LAND

GEOLOGICAL FORMS

WATER AIR LAND

NATURAL BEAUTY

WATER AIR

PRESERVATION

8.

4.

7.

1.

PRESERVATION DISTRICT

3.

5.

6.

2.

9.

INDUSTRY DISTRICT

1. Woodcutting area 2. Collier Area 3. Anthracite Forge Ruins 4. Cooling Shed 5. Furnace 6. Casting Room 7. Company Store 8. Iron Master Mansion 9. Blacksmith Hut

SETTLEMENT DISTRICT

Demonstrations and Explanations: Woodcutting

Furnace

Node

Diverted Kiosk

Store Mansion

Tree Harvest (Meeting area) Cutting, Chopping, Re-planting Collier Charcoal Burning (Regional Identity) Teamster transport Loading (Transition to Furnace) Ruins Past processes, importance of ruins (Regional Identity, Important Structures) Teamster Transport Unloading (Transition from Woodcutting) Fueling the Furnace Importance of charcoal (Regional Identity) Waterwheel Story of waterway (Important Structures) Forging Iron Process, interaction, relation to war (Regional Identity, Important Structures) Transactions and Trading Early arithmetic, interaction (Regional Identity) Mansion Living Food, housemaids (Regional Identity, Important Structures)

CAST HOUSE A THREE-PART, FRAME STRUCTURE WITH A CENTRAL SECTION WITH SAND FLOOR FOR CASTING OF PIG IRON, AND SITS BESIDE THE FURNACE. THE SIDE SECTIONS, NORTH AND SOUTH HAVE WOODEN FLOORS FOR FLASK-CASTING OPERATION. RECONSTRUCTED IN 1964.

Map to National Heritage Network

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

[ RELATED ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site

WOOD CUTTER

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Valley Forge National Historic Site

National Heritage Network

Springfield Armory National Historic Site

INDUSTRY ANTHRACITE FURNACE RUIN A TRUNCATED PYRAMID OF RED SANDSTONE COMPRISES HEARTH AND FURNACE CHIMNEY, WITH CIRCULAR CORE NOW EXPOSED AND SHOWING HEAT-GLAZED IN-WALLS, RUBBLE STONE FILL AND OUT-WALLS OF DRESSED BLOCKS WITH OCCASIONAL FILLER STONES.

Map to National Heritage Network

1.

5.

2.

3.

4.

11.

10.

Preservation is the primary reason for Hopewell’s existence today, through much research and site visits, there was the discovery of many ruins at the site. Most importantly, the schoolhouse holds many ideas that shaped this area. The PATH raises up and passes through the school ruins, it creates a node that allows the presentation of the space to the visitor and its importance of settlement on the site.

9.

6.

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

SCHOOL HOUSE RUIN RUINS OF SCHOOL HOUSE CONSISTING OF PARTIAL MASONRY FOUNDATION WALLS.FOUNDATION WALLS OF RUBBLE STONE, STANDING TO GRADE AND REACHING TO VARIOUS LEVELS ABOVE GRADE.BUILT IN 1837, BY FURNACE TO EDUCATE HOPEWELL COMMUNITY CHILDREN.

1. Hopewell Barn 2. Barn Ruins 3. Animal Corrals 4. Prairie One 5. Prairie Two 6. Farm Plots 7. Farm House 8. Farm Barn 9. Housing Ruins 10. Tenant Housing 11. School House Ruins

7.

8.

Feeding Requirements in Acres per Animal = 1Acre

Minimum

= 1Acre

Minimum

MAGGIE L. WALKER NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/mawa/index.htm

Sustainable

People enter the Barn node from the town on foot

mo per animal sheared twice r (Spring/Fall)

12

20 Min Demo Goats can be milked once per day

Farrier

Minor Kiosk linking animal husbantryto settlemant as a whole. Link to NPS Shearer Parental/ Supervisor Teacher Supervision

per during animalbusiness Duration 20 min Demo per animal20 Demo Open Horses re-shoed every 6 weeks

Sheep sheared hours twice per year (Spring/Fall)

Supervisor Instructor/ Guide

20$35/hr Min Demo Guided Rental Goats $50/hr canLessons be milked once per day

Farrier

20 min Demo per animal Horses re-shoed every 6 weeks

Parental/ Teacher Supervision

Open during business hours

Major Touch screen Kiosk. Gives of barn node, links to NPS. Also informs demo processes.

$35/hr Guided Rental $50/hr Lessons

Existing 8-12

4+

4-12

12+

12-18

Phase 1 4+

Stables

Animal demo area

Animal Phasing Phase 2

Existing

Phase 1

Seating area for Ranger Instruction of Barn node and intro to demo’s

Major Touch screen Kiosk. Gives of barn node, links to NPS. Also informs demo processes.

Animal demo area

Animal Phasing 12-18 Age Participation

Shelving and counter top for artifact display and information on barn as part of settlement node

Seating area for Ranger Instruction of Barn node and intro to demo’s

Minor Kiosk linking animal husbantryto settlemant as a whole. Link to NPS Stables

Instructor/ Guide

Group Size

4-12

People enter the Barn node from the town on foot

Shelving and counter top for artifact display and information on barn as part of settlement node

Required Staff Supervisor

Map to National Heritage Network

LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

Activity

Supervisor

BOSTON AFRICAN AMERICAN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/boaf/index.htm

http://www.nps.gov/chsc/index.htm

Feeding Requirements in Acres per Animal

Sustainable

http://www.nps.gov/tuin/index.htm

Horse cart entry point (exit barn node)

Phase 2

Horse cart entry point (exit barn node

12+ Horse area Farrier/Rental

Horse area Farrier/Rental

Sheap/goat area Milkinglshearing/

Open coral area used for extra demo space or petting/holding area

Sheap/goat area Milkinglshearing/

Minor Kiosk describing the logic of sizing grazing areas

Open coral area used for extra demo space or petting/holding area

Minor Kiosk describing the logic of sizing grazing areas

The PATH meanders throughout the park directing the visitors through the three major areas of the Park, Industry, Settlement and Preservation. At this vantage point the user is making their way through settlement.

The path connects to a kiosk/stopping point to give the visitors a place to sit, but also a place for Rangers to stop and discuss the meaning of the settlement in this area. The path crosses through the Horse Path in this area as it passes along the Prairie. The area allows for grazing animals on site to walk about and not be caged up in a coral. It allows visitors to see how crucial these flat lands were to the region, for animals as well as farming.

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

[ RELATED PARKS ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

Tumacácori National Historical Park

HOUSING

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site

National Heritage Network

Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site

SETTLEMENT

HOUSING THERE IS A VARIATION OF HOMES AT HOPEWELL, SOME USED AS TENANT HOUSES AND OTHERS AS BOARDING HOUSES. THE HOMES WERE SMALL TWO-STOREY STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTURED IN THE EARLY-MID 1940’S. THE HOMES WERE RETORED IN THE 1960’S.

CHRISTIANSTED NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/chri/index.htm TUMACACORI NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK http://www.nps.gov/tuma/index.htm

Map to National Heritage Network

NICODEMUS NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/nico/index.htm LOWER EAST-SIDE TENEMENT MUSEUM NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK http://www.nps.gov/loea/index.htm

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

[ RELATED PARKS ]

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

BARN

SETTLEMENT

Shelving/Display

Stables

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve

Boston African American National Historic Site

[ RELATED PARKS ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Hitoric Site

Hopewell Culture National Historical Park

National Heritage Network

FARM

SETTLEMENT

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Marsh - Billings Rockefeller National Historic Park Lower East Side Tenement Museum National Historic Site

National Heritage Network

3.

4.

2.

1.

1. Visitors Center 2. Apple Orchard 3. Barracks 4. CCC Camp Ruins

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

[ RELATED PARKS ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

Mesa Verde National Historic Site

VISTOR CENTER

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Manzanar National Historic Site

106' - 9"

National Heritage Network

Tuskgee Airmen National Historic Site 30' - 0"

PRESERVATION HOPEWELL FURNACE窶天ISITOR CENTER THE HOPEWELL VILLAGE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE IS A 848 ACRE UNIT OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM OPERATED AS A RESTORED IRON-MAKING COMMUNITY. THE SITE INCLUDES WOODLANDS, FARMLANDS, MEADOWS AND PASTURES DESIGNED TO PRESERVE.

CHIMNEY ROCK NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/pwr/404.htm HARPERES FERRY NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/hafe/index.htm THOMAS COLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/thco/index.htm STEAMTOWN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/stea/index.htm BERING LAND BRIDGE NATIONAL PRESERVE http://www.nps.gov/bela/index.htm

Map to National Heritage Network

Path Through Woods

Path Through Village The Master Plan reflects the integration of the PATH through the whole of the site. Its main focus is to discuss how a visitor would move through the park as directed by the National Heritage Network. The PATH, first, introducing industry as a primary subject to Hopewell, then to Settlement and Preservation as secondary subjects. It weaves in and out of the woods bringing visitors up close to many buildings and areas of the park. The Path raises and lowers through the steep terrain but allows all individuals to walk about it. Most importantly the PATH creates a direction to visitors of the park connecting nodes and kiosks. Six nodes are created through their importance to Hopewell. These nodes are at crucial spots that present information to the visitor. At these points, one connects to the digital application or through the kiosk on the grounds. The PATH and Horse path collide at the node as an intersection of streets. It marks the spot to take off from and explore both from the path and from the horse. The new master plan is designed to exhibit the park to a visitor through the means of the importance of the park, Industry, Settlement, and Preservation without the means of digital network. It exemplifies that the linkages of these spaces were crucial to life and existence of the Forge throughout the years it operated.

[ NODE KIOSK ]

[ PARK NETWORK ]

[ RELATED PARKS ]

[ ENTIRE NETWORK ]

Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Historic Camden Revolutionary War Site

National Heritage Network

Chimeny Rock National Historic Site

PRESERVATION BARRACKS THE INITIAL SPIRIT OF THE PARK SOUGHT TO PRESERVE THE HISTORIC IRON-MAKING VILLAGE. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (1930S) AND MISSION 66 (1960S) MOVEMENTS MADE MAJOR PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES THAT CREATED THE LANDSCAPE WE SEE TODAY.

23'-8"

C.C.C.

69'-8"

ANDERSONVILLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/ande/index.htm

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE http://www.nps.gov/tuai/index.htm

HISTORIC CAMDEN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SITE http://www.historic-camden.net/

MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE http://www.nps.gov/moja/index.htm

Map to National Heritage Network

MESA VERDE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE MANZANAR NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE TIMUCAN ECOLOGICAL & HISTORICAL PRESERVE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK ANDERSONVILLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

SETTLEMENT

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HISTORIC CAMDEN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SITE SALEM MARITIME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE SAN FRANCISCO MARITIME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE CHIMNEY ROCK NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HISTORIC SITE SAUGUS IRON WORKS NATIONAL HARPERS NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE VALLEYFERRY FORGE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

INDUSTRIAL

THOMAS COLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE SPRINGFIELD ARMORY NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE STEAMTOWN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE KEWEENAW NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK BERING LAND BRIDGE NATIOANL PRESERVE THOMAS EDISON NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK LOWELL NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK NEW BEDFORD WHALING NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK FORT UNION WHALING NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE PATERSON GREAT FALLS NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK

MESA VERDE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE MANZANAR NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE TIMUCAN ECOLOGICAL & HISTORICAL PRESERVE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK ANDERSONVILLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

SETTLEMENT

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HISTORIC CAMDEN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SITE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE CHIMNEY ROCK NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HARPERS FERRY NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE THOMAS COLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE STEAMTOWN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE BERING LAND BRIDGE NATIOANL PRESERVE

GRANT-KOHRS RANCH NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE TALLGRASS PRARIE NATIONAL PRESERVE MARSH-BILLINGS-ROCKFELLER NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK EBEY’S LANDING NATIONAL HISTORICAL PRESERVE HOPEWELL CULTURE NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK CHRISTIANSTED NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK

PRESERVATION

TUMACACORI NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK MESA NICODEMUS NATIONAL HISTORIC SITEVERDE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE LOWER EAST SIDE TENEMENT MUSEUM NATIONAL HISTORIC MANZANAR NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE PARK TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE HISTORIC SITE TIMUCANNATIONAL ECOLOGICAL & HISTORICAL PRESERVE

SETTLEMENT

BOSTON AFRICAN AMERICAN NATIONALHISTORICAL HISTORIC SITE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL PARK LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE ANDERSONVILLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE MAGGIE L WALKER NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE TUSKEGEE AIRMENJOHN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE MUIR NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HISTORIC CAMDEN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SITE MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE CHIMNEY ROCK NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE HARPERS FERRY NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE THOMAS COLE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE STEAMTOWN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE BERING LAND BRIDGE NATIOANL PRESERVE

Reverence

The Hopewell furnace historical site is located in Southeastern Pennsylvania. The surrounding states are New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.

The Hopewell furnace is surrounded by a natural landscape that consists of a State Games Land to the southeast, and French Creek State Park surrounding the remainder of the site.

The 848 acre site is home to a number of hiking and biking trails, and has two lakes on the reserved site preserving sanctuality of the site.

NY

PA

NEW YORK

NJ HOPEWELL FURNACE PHILADELPHIA WILMINGTON

DE

Products the funace produced ranged as time passed. Early products included cannons, and ammunition for the revolutionary war. Later products included general household goods such as wood stoves, pots, pans, irons, kettles, pig iron (iron bars to be worked by blacksmiths) and other cookware.

Reverence

The Hopewell Furnace is a national historic site established in 1938. The furnace was in operation from 1771-1883. Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is one of the finest examples of a rural American 19th century iron plantation. The buildings include a blast furnace, the ironmaster’s mansion, Bethesda Church, and other tenant houses. There also are other significant features on the property such as an Apple Orchard, Charcoal Mounds, and a Water Wheel. Primarily an area that is significant for its cultural resources, Hopewell Furnace consists of 14 restored structures in the core historic area, 52 features on the List of Classified Structures, and a total of 848 mostly wooded acres. Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is surrounded by French Creek State Park which preserves the lands the furnace utilized for its natural resources.

figure: hopewell furnace diagram

figure: hopewell stoves and cookware

In 1771 Hopewell Furnace went into blast for the first time.

By that same year America was well on the way to revolution. America’s iron industry was then producing some 15% of the world’s supply of iron, more than was being smelted in Great Britain. From 1775 to early 1778 (when France entered the war against Great Britain) the Americans had to look primarily to funaces like Hopewell for iron cannon, shot and shell. Yet none of these sites had ever before cast ordnance. In spite of the difficulties of “learning by doing,” the iron industry met the challenge. Hopewell alone produced 115 cannon for the Continental Navy, some of which were used aboard the frigate Randolph and gunboat Delaware. Even more importantly, Hopewell provided shot and shell to the Continental Army and Navy throughout the war, including 10-inch mortar shells used to help win the final major battle at Yorktown, Virginia.

figure: cannon produced at hopewell for revolutionay war

Reverence

During the most productive period of operations at Hopewell Furnace, Bethesda Church served as a meeting place for religious services of many of its residents. The church nestles in the southeast corner of Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, a little more than a mile east of the furnace. Its founder, Thomas Lloyd III, was born in 1742, the oldest of three children of Thomas Lloyd II and Elizabeth Rees. The religion of the elder Lloyd is not known, but we do know that his wife, Elizabeth, was a Welsh Quaker. The need for a structure where religious services could be held in the Hopewell Furnace area was filled by the construction of the Bethesda Church building by Thomas Lloyd III in 1781-82. The date of construction is confirmed by an inscription in charcoal on an attic timber, which reads, “Built 1782 by T. Lloyd.” Although never the center of a large congregation, Bethesda Church was an integral part of the lives of the people of the Hopewell area.

figure: bethesda church

The first owner of Hopewell Furnace was Colonel Marcus (Mark) Bird (January 2, 1738/9-1812), who was a successful ironmaster, politician, and farmer. Next Clement Brooke was Hopewell ironmaster from 1816-1848 and part owner from 1827-1861. He enlarged the Big House (the ironmaster’s mansion) to include room for 15 servants and for itinerant workers. He built more tenant houses; enlarged the company store, spring house, and barn; added a formal garden; and built a schoolhouse across the creek from the furnace. The ironmaster’s mansion was at once family home, business headquarters, boarding house, and social center.

The ironmaster and his family lived in the fashionable style of country gentry, wearing fine clothing and enjoying expensive furniture and other luxuries. A large staff of household servants, drawn largely from the wives and daughters of furnace workers, worked at the “Big House.” The house had several additions over the years, including adding an additional wing. Later the addition was given a second story to it. Lastly the house was “Victorianized” in 1875

figure: ironmasters mansion

figure: hopewell mine

The water wheel supplied the power for this air blast by pumping a pair of pistons inside two blowing tubs. Compressed air moved from the blowing tubs into a receiving box between the tubs, and then through a long pipe to enter the furnace through the tuyere, a cone-shaped nozzle attached to the end of the pipe. The Hopewell water wheel is a 22-foot diameter “breast” wheel which was made predominately of chestnut and oak wood. A breast wheel is commonly found in areas where the headwater is between 5 and 12 feet high. It gets its name from the fact that the water turns the wheel by flowing in halfway up the wheel instead of having the water come in at the top of the wheel, as is the case with an “overshot” wheel, or turning the wheel from underneath, as is the case with an “undershot” wheel. The wheel itself turns when water flows into the spaces in the wheel, called buckets, on one side of the wheel, which then makes that side heavier than the other.

Gravity then works on the heavier side of the wheel which causes it to turn.

The turning of the wheel can create 5-15 horsepower that can then be used to run the blast machinery of the furnace.

figure: hopewell water wheel

Reverence

There are three mines located near Hopewell Furnace that the furnace depended upon for its supply of iron ore. The mines are located on three different ore veins a few miles from the furnace.

In the beginning all of the mines were open pit processes. As mining technology advanced some of the mines developed shaft operations increasing their ingenuity. Without the mines and the miners to supply good quality iron ore, Hopewell Furnace would not have survived. Some of Hopewell’s mines contained ore that was 40% to 50% iron, though the grade of iron ore often decreased as mining progressed over the years. 848 mostly wooded acres. Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is surrounded by French Creek State Park which preserves the lands the furnace utilized for its natural resources.

Reverence

There are three mines located near Hopewell Furnace that the furnace depended upon for its supply of iron ore. The mines are located on three different ore veins a few miles from the furnace. In the beginning all of the mines were open pit processes. As mining technology advanced some of the mines developed shaft operations. Without the mines and the miners to supply good quality iron ore, Hopewell Furnace would not have survived. Some of Hopewell’s mines contained ore that was 40% to 50% iron, though the grade of iron ore often decreased as mining progressed over the years. The raw materials needed--iron ore, limestone, and hardwood forests for charcoal--were all available in the Hopewell area in Pennsylvania. Miners dug the ore from nearby openpit mines and washed it in the stream. Limestone was cut from local quarries.

Teamsters carried the ore away to the furnace itself.

An immense amount of charcoal was required to keep a furnace the size of Hopewell’s running. When it was “in blast,” the furnace would consume as much as 800 bushels of charcoal per day. By the 1770s, when Hopewell Furnace began making iron, charcoal was the only fuel available. Charcoal making was an exacting and dirty job. More than 100 part-time woodcutters spent the winter cutting and splitting the hardwood needed to fuel the furnace. The wood was hauled to the coaling areas and made into charcoal during the spring, summer, and fall by skilled colliers. Making charcoal required constant attention to the charcoal pits, or hearths, which averaged in size from 30-40 feet in diameter.

From May through October, a collier would live in a makeshift hut with one or two helpers who would tend up to 8 or 9 pits at one time. There could be no break in the vigilant watching of the pits from the moment they were lit until the moment the teamster drove away with the final load of coal.

With supplies of all the ingredients on hand, the founder, or furnace supervisor, directed the charging of the blast furnace--a tall, stone structure shaped like a flattened pyramid. An elevated walkway connected the furnace with storage areas on the furnace bank. Fillers rolled carts and wheelbarrows of charcoal, iron ore, and limestone over the walkway and dumped them into the top of the furnace. At approximately half-hour intervals, day and night, they repeated the process. A large wooden water wheel in a pit next to the furnace drove a pair of blowing tubs. These large wooden barrels fitted with pistons provided the blast of air that helped raise the temperature in the furnace to 2600-3000 degrees Fahrenheit, hot enough to convert iron ore into iron. In front of the furnace was the cast arch where the molten iron was periodically tapped. The furnace was allowed to cool down only when repairs were necessary or the supply of charcoal ran out.

figure: hopewell mine shaft

figure:charcoal mound

figure:fourge (funace) 1896

figure: 1856 african american community home

figure: woman washing clothes

Although the operation of the furnace was largely men’s work, the women of Hopewell Furnace performed many tasks essential to the community. These tasks included providing food and clothing. Women served as seasonal workers to bring in the crops and to supply the colliers with the wood needed to make charcoal. Many families depended on the extra money earned by women to survive economically. Some Hopewell women earned money by using their homemaking skills to prepare and sell a variety of food goods such as butter, pickles, and bread. Single men were willing to pay eight cents for a home cooked meal. Women would also wash and mend their clothes. Homes with spinning wheels provided women with an opportunity to increase the family income through the sale of thread or yarn. Outside their homes, women performed a variety of jobs in the furnace community. They served as maids and cooks at the and as teachers at the community school. Hopewell employed several women as teachers including Susan Brown and Catherine Rhoads. Most women were hired to harvest, but a number of chores were available all year, including whitewashing fences and buildings and milking cows. The average pay they received was 25 cents per day, enough to buy one yard of cloth or 12 pounds of flour. Although furnace work and mining were usually regarded as “men’s work,” women were not totally excluded from these trades.

Two widows, Margaret Painter and Elizabeth Mervine, were employed to clean castings and prepare the iron for market. This was a strenuous job, tipping stove plates and other iron items while removing sand from the pattern. They also filed the rough edges from individual pieces. They earned 75 cents per ton of castings cleaned.

Reverence

From 1771 - 1883 African-Americans played an important role in the active industry. Mark Bird, along with most ironmasters in the 18th century, were a slave owners. In 1780 Bird was listed as the largest slave owner in Berks County. He had 10 men, 4 women, 3 boys and 1 girl. These slaves worked at his forges in Birdsboro and are said to have dug Hopewell’s original headrace that turned the water wheel supplying air to fire the furnace. Although slavery in Berks County declined rapidly after 1780 when the state assembly passed an act ordering gradual emancipation, African-American’s continued to work at Hopewell. “Black Bill” Jacobs lived his entire life of about 100 years at Hopewell, working first as a teamster, then as a coachman and a gardener. Some of Hopewell’s African-American workers lived in the nearby woodlands. Beginning in 1835 this remote area around Hopewell figured prominently in the Underground Railroad movement. Runaway slaves from the south came across the Pennsylvania border and over the intervening hills to the home of Elizabeth Scarlet and her son Joseph, the Quaker owners of Scarlet’s Mill. Many former slaves earned their living supporting the iron industry working as woodcutters, colliers, and teamsters. Some, such as Isaac Cole, became landowners too.

SOCIETY

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The Outcome: Design can create opportunities to have a meaningful, transformative experience for all not just some.

It can enhance multicultural and multigenerational parks of all types.

There can be enhanced community inclusion and involvement.

The public needs to feel that they own the park and belong in the park.

Healthful, regenerating public spaces can be available and accessible to everyone.

LEA

Engagement

The goals for planning and designing a park: Connect people to community, nature and mankind.

Create healing places for individuals, communities, cultures.

Engage people of diverse cultures, ages and interests.

Empower youth to be bold leaders and influence design in parks.

Create stewards through active learning about a place and its meanings lead and inspire by example.

Accommodate, incorporate, and enhance emerging technologies to embrace visitor of all ages and backgrounds.

Express physical (tangible) space and social (intangible) space.

Create welcoming, accessible, and safe spaces.

Recognize the profoundly social dimension of enjoying parks.

Design for a broad experiential range while remaining responsive to a specific park’s purpose and mission.

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PEOPLE

Planning conceptual diagram.

Core design considerations: Planning and designing “with” not “for”.

Picking right designer.

Support, develop and include diverse design team.

Communicate in clear language. Engage in an authentic sincere process.

Convey honesty and transparency.

Provide flexible, dynamic programming and create partnerships that offer a variety of experiences.

Begin with civic engagement as a core part of the design process. Define audience clearly - know who’s there and who’s not there.

Engage in active outreach.

Start with core values. Find commonality. Values must be understood by all.

Embrace new technologies to accomplish goals.

Design with access and opportunity for all.

Engage in intergenerational mentorship and volunteer opportunities.

Yosemite, a very interesting and diverse national park.

NATURE

Engagement

FREEWAYS SECONDARY LINKAGES NATIONAL PARK

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park

Yosemite

Cuyahoga Valley

Harpers Ferry

Arbor Hills

Programs for Hiking Area restrooms trail

MAJOR WATER FLOWbike path

shuttle route / stop

(campground MAJOR HIKING TRAILS picnic area)

FREEWAY

MAJOR VEHICULAR

MAJOR HIKING AREA SECONDARY LINKAGE

Activities and Space

restrooms trail bike path shuttle route / stop (campground picnic area)

NATIONAL PARK

Yosemite perception of the whole area by optional paths

Activities and Space

Yosemite National Park

Cuyahoga Valley

Hiking and Hiking Area

CIRCULARITY

Harpers Ferry

Yosemite National Park Hiking and Hiking Area

PRIORITY OF WATER

Note: No bicycles are allowed on the Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

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Bio-Filter

Day Camp Trail North = 0.1 mi.

Playground & Shade Shelter

Little Creek Trail = 0.07 mi.

PO

DORBA Trail

Old Road Trail = 0.13 mi.

Open Field Trail = 0.25 mi.

RT YA

OO CR

RO

Outer Loop Trail = 1.7 mi.

Pond Trail = 0.1 mi.

KE

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Prairie Trail = 0.37 mi.

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Riparian Loop Trail = 0.37 mi.

N

0.1

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W PARKER RD

WINGED FOOT WAY

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Trestle Loop Trail = 0.17 mi Concrete Recreational Trail = 3.34 mi.

Fire Station #9

Restrooms

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Harpers Ferry National Historical Park

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Activities and Space

Arbor Hills Nature Preserve Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

Outer Loop Trail

Outer Loop Trail

Engagement

Programs for Hiking Area

0.05

0

0.1 Miles

Hiking and Hiking A

(grills)

picnic tables vault toilets garbage and recycling recptacles (grills)

Yosemite

major hiking trails major vehicular trails major picnic area

Engagement

Activities and Space

Activities and Space

Programs for Picnic Area

major water flow

Yosemite National Park Picnic and Picnic Area

Cuyahoga Valley

Harpers Ferry

Yosemite National Park Picnic and Picnic Area

Arbor Hills Nature Preserve Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

Outer Loop Trail

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Pavilions

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Bio-Filter

Legend

Fire Station #9

Restrooms

Day Camp Trail North = 0.1 mi.

Playground & Shade Shelter

Day Camp Trail South = 0.08 mi.

Little Creek Trail = 0.07 mi.

Open Field Trail = 0.25 mi.

PO

DORBA Trail

Old Road Trail = 0.13 mi.

RT

ED

L CT

Prairie Trail = 0.37 mi.

YA

O OK CR

RO

Outer Loop Trail = 1.7 mi.

Pond Trail = 0.1 mi.

Riparian Loop Trail = 0.37 mi.

N

0.1

DR

W PARKER RD

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Trestle Loop Trail = 0.17 mi

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ARBOR VISTA DR

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Outer Loop Trail

Note: No bicycles are allowed on the Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

0.05

0

0.1 Miles

picnic area site selection accessibility

water

Programs for Winter Trails ski trail structure restroom

major water flow

Crane Flat

winter trails

major winter/biking trails

Badger Pass

Programs for Winter Trails

Crane Flat

Badger Pass

major winter/biking area

pedestrain path

winter trails

vehicular path

Yosemite National Park Winter Sports and Winter Trails

Cuyahoga Valley

Activities and Space

Parks & Recreation Department City of Plano, Texas

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Arbor Hills - Mountain Bike Trail Map

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6701 W. Parker Rd., Plano TX, 75093

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Wooded Area

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Legend

Playground & Shade Shelter

Day Camp Trail South = 0.08 mi.

Little Creek Trail = 0.07 mi.

PO

DORBA Trail

Open Field Trail = 0.25 mi.

RT

KE

L CT

Prairie Trail = 0.37 mi.

YA

OO CR

Pond Trail = 0.1 mi.

RO

Outer Loop Trail = 1.7 mi.

D

Riparian Loop Trail = 0.37 mi.

WINGED FOOT WAY

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0.1

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W PARKER RD

Winter Sports and Winter Trails

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Yosemite National Park Wooded Area

Fire Station #9

Restrooms

Day Camp Trail North = 0.1 mi.

Old Road Trail = 0.13 mi.

Mountain Bike Trail

Parking

dT ra il

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Biofilter Restrooms

PLAN O PK Y

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Arbor Hills

Pra

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Observation Tower

biking trails

Wooded Area

Note: No bicycles are allowed on the Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

Little Creek Trail

Parking

Pavilion and Picnic Shelters

W PARKER RD

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Mountain Bike Trail = 2 MILES W. PARKER RD.

COMMUNICATIONS PKWY

biking trails Arbor Hills Nature Preserve Pedestrian Natural Surface Trail System

Outer Loop Trail

Wooded Area

MIDWAY RD

Recreational Trails

Outer Loop Trail

Engagement

Yosemite

major vehicular trails

Activities and Space

ski trail structure restroom

Mountain Bike Trail

discrete

major hiking trails major vehicular trails major social space cluster

Yosemite

5’ walk from center

Engagement

Cuyahoga Valley 5’ walk from center

pedestrian path Harpers Ferry vehicular path

Arbor Hills

social space clusters

Vehicular Trails

Hiking Trails

major hiking trails major vehicular trails horse trail picnic area historic site

Engagement

Hopewell Lake

Horse Trail

Picnic Area

Sustainability

Sustainability

Managing park resources to maximize resilience, optimize biodiversity, enhance habitat connectivity, makes healthy, vibrant ecosystems locally, regionally, nationally, globally. Sustainability embedded in all activities enhances community and stewardship.

Thoughtful planning, design and sustainable places are interrelated.

Implementing sustainable planning and design examples is the best public education.

Advance design as a larger community investment with the park as one component.

Emphasize people and relationships as core to sustainability.

Inspire stewardship and exercise leadership through demonstration of sustainable practices.

Allow parks to become classrooms of sustainable design.

Integrate responsible design and planning processes.

View stewardship holistically and embed conservation in all park philosophies and practices.

Include cultural, natural, and operational systems.

Core design considerations Understand what is really needed before a project starts Reuse wherever possible and practical.

Consider fiscal realities - do no economic harm. but also aspire to the best possible solutions - fund raise if needed, Inentify and respect the limits of acceptable change.

Use design to challenge partners and administrative operations to foster and develop innovative and green technologies.

Design and build for multiple uses.

Create flexible spaces Design for simplicity and ease of maintenance Aspire to a sustainable park system Always consider the spirit of place Be overt - green design should shine Build in climate change scenarios in each design

NYC Parks

Sustainable Parks’ Mission: Advance initiatives related to 21st century park design and construction, innovative natural resource management, and the strategic reduction of agency fuel, energy, and materials Goal One: consumption.

Provide sustainability Create awareness about employees’ and the training and education for public’s impact of their daily actions on the all Parks employees environment through training and education Quantify sustainable efforts at Parks to identify Goal Two: Create a network of Green Guru impacts Promote and share progress and best practices point people around sustainability across the agency to support sustainability Overview initiatives Parks’ workforce of approximately 10,000 fulltime and seasonal staff Goal Three: (at its peak in the summer) Launch Green Pledge encompasses a diversity of talents – we employ Campaign to strengthen the blacksmiths, plumbers, park maintenance workculture of sustainability at ers, horticulturists, mechanics, law enforcement Parks staff, and administrative analysts, to name a few.

While the majority of our workforce strives to employ environmentally friendly practices, within every job function there is room to raise the bar. In particular, we aim to open channels of communication to share sustainable best practices. By encouraging Parks employees to think critically about the impact of their daily actions on the environment, we aim to solidify our agency’s culture of sustainability. Parks’ diversity in human resources is matched by its variation in work environments. Employees work in both office and field settings, from sandy beaches and indoor ice rinks, to 18th century historical landmarks, WPA-era outdoor pools, and 21st century Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified buildings. Each setting presents a unique opportunity to minimize human impact on the environment. However, given the wide range of job functions and work environments at the Parks, there is no one-sizefits-all employee education and outreach strategy. Sustainable Parks is employing creative outreach strategies to broaden all employees’ understanding of sustainability and to reinforce how sustainability is central to Parks’ mission. Through education and outreach, we will strengthen our workforce’s commitment to sustainability so that we can carry out the agency’s mission of greening New York City.

Sustainable Sites Initiative Overview: Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks. This set of prerequisites and credits combines current research, technology, best practices and perfor- The mance goals for the design, construction and maintenance of sustainable sites. Released on November 5, 2009, the document has incorporated services public feedback from two interim reports released in 2007 and 2008.

A companion document, titled The Case for Sustainable Landscapes, provides a set of arguments—economic, environmental, and social—for the adoption of sustainable land practices; additional background on the science behind the performance criteria the guidelines and performance benchmarks; the purpose and principles of the Sustainable Sites Initiative; and a sampling of some of the case studies the Initiative has followed. Download both reports here.

Pilot Program: Beginning in June 2010, pilot projects will test various aspects of the Sustainable Sites Initiative rating system (Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks 2009) using a cross-section of project types, sizes and geographic locations. Feedback from the pilot projects will be incorporated into future versions of the SITES rating system. An updated Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks will be released in 2013, when the rating system will be open to public enrollment. Click here to learn more about the two-year Pilot Program.

Reference Guide: The SITES Refernce Guide will be a user guide describing how various pilot projects achieved sustainability goals. It will document the practices that worked in solving site problems as well as evaluating each project.

For example: Greenhouse gas emissions. Vegetation and soil help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere by capturing and storing it for use in producing roots, leaves and bark.

Urban climate. Use of vegetation, shade structures, and other techniques to cool the air can reduce costs associated with urban heat islands.

Control of invasives. Invasive species compete with and harm plant and animal communities.

Water waste. Irrigation of unsustainable landscapes accounts for more than a third of residential water use—more than 7 billion gallons per day ecosystems nationwide.

Water pollution. Around the country, polluted and contaminated stormwater runoff accounts for 70 percent of water pollution in urban areas and is the leading cause of poor water quality and the degradation of unobtrusive aquatic habitat. are the

foundation Yard waste. Retaining and recycling land-clearing materials on-site avoids the cost of waste disposal and reduces the need for new purchased materials and soil amendments such as compost and mulch. of daily life.

Health and well-being of site users. Research by social scientists and psychologists shows that, for both adults and children, encounters with everyday nature—a green view from an office window, a lunchtime stroll through a nearby park, well-tended landscapes around schools—restore the ability to concentrate, calm feelings of anxiety, and reduce aggression.

Energy consumption. When development results in an overall reduction in tree canopy cover, buildings are more exposed to both direct sunlight and wind. This exposure increases the demand for air conditioning in the summer and for heating in the winter. Studies conducted by American Forests found that tree canopy reduces residential home cooling costs, saving an average of between $11 per household per year in Portland, Oregon, and $28 per household per year in Atlanta, Georgia.

Sustainability

Included within the Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks 2009 is people the SITES rating system, which assesses specific site performance on a 250-point scale, with points awarded based on credits covering such arenjoy eas as site selection, the use of materials, restoration of soils and vegetation, and sustainable practices in construction and maintenance. Credits can apply to projects ranging from corporate campuses and transporta- from tion corridors to public parks and single-family residences. Click here to learn more about the Rating System. healthy

Why Sustainable Sites?

The services people enjoy from healthy ecosystems are the unobtrusive foundation of daily life. Landscapes have great potential for both environmental good and severe environmental damage.

Kresge Foundation Headquarters Size & Type of Project: 2.74 acre campus redevelopment; Greyfield Location: Troy, Michigan Budget: $1,116,000 Project Phase: Completed in June 2005 Project Overview

Sustainability

LEED

New Construction Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Regional Priority Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Regional Priority Retail Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Regional Priority Neighborhood Development Smart Location and Linkage Neighborhood Pattern and Design Green Infrastructure and Buildings Regional Priority Credit

Preservation Sustainable Preservation

Figure : advandages of preservation

Figure 1: Kregske LEED case study This case describes the ability to preserve and expand on an already existing site.

The techniques, methods, materials and opportunities are good examples to look at in considering sustainable design. Integrating and utilizing old structures in this particular case as a means to preserve them, are a factor to consider with the Hopewell Furnace site in relation to sustainability. These articles underline these factors the Kresge

Display Occupy

The Kresge Foundation headquarters exemplifies one of the foundation’s core values - environmental conservation - sustainable building practices, environmental stewardship and sound land-use planning, while inspiring grantees to incorporate sustainable building systems and healthy habitats into their own facilities. For the new headquarters (certified LEED Platinum), a compact building and parking footprint was designed to reduce negative environmental impacts. A historic farmhouse remains the cornerstone for the new building; other historic outbuildings were rearranged to maximize the site efficiency. The new building has green roofs that blend seamlessly with the adjacent landscape. Other portions of the building have white reflective roofs and harvest rainwater. The majority of site’s open space is restored to native prairie vegetation and great care was taken to design a majority of workspaces to have views to this natural landscape - rather than the parking lots or collector roads that form the perimeter of the site.

Fortunately, the Foundation had the opportunity to explore strategies like green roofs, rainwater collection, porous pavements, and native landscapes. The combination of new construction, historic preservation, and landscape restoration provided an unusual mix of challenges resulting in a sustainable redevelopment prototype.

The long-term potential for the Foundation headquarters goes beyond the restoration of ecological health on-site. It demonstrates the Foundation’s mission to help create a sustainable future, and will inspire other adaptive retrofit projects to be more sustainable.

Figure 2: Sustainable Connections concrete with a veneer of crushed granite.

Protect and Preserve Vegetative Cover/ Reduce Urban Heat Island Impact: This includes 3,200-square-feet of green roof on the new building, planted with a mid-range grass mix.

Achieving Water Balance/ Rainwater Harvesting & Reuse: All the water needed for the landscape is obtained through direct rainfall collected from the site and the second-story roof. species that require a fairly constant water level.

There are many other factors that the Foundation considered, such as human health quality, storm water control, and habitat renewal. All these ideas taken support and

Site Context The Kresge Foundation headquarters is located in Troy, Michigan, within the greater Detroit metropolitan area and the Clinton River Watershed. Troy is in the Southern Lower Peninsula, which is characterized by rolling moraines and flat lake plains. Historically, much of Southern Lower Michigan supported open oak savannas and prairies, which were maintained in a non-forested condition by frequent fires. Today, much of the region is dominated by agricultural and urban development. Troy is warm during the summer with an average temperature in the 70s (Fahrenheit) and very cold during the winter with average temperatures in the 20s (Fahrenheit). The Kresge Foundation facility incorporates a historic farmstead that is surrounded by a mixed-use suburban landscape. Historic aerial photography and other records clearly illustrate the area surrounding the site was used for industrial agriculture until the late 1970s. At that time the adjacent properties were developed with office/ commercial buildings and surface parking lots.

Integrated Design Team: Project decisions were approached as part of a whole, rather than piecemeal-beginning early in the planning stages and carrying through to completion. Design team members worked collaboratively, resisting formulaic isolated solutions. In doing so, they carefully considered the consequences of each aspect to achieve maximum efficiencies, especially in energy and water use. Team members and consultants included architects, landscape architects, contractors, Kresge staff, engineers, preservationists and etc.

Minimize impacts during construction: Care was taken throughout the construction process to avoid site compaction and to protect existing trees.

Historic Structure Reuse: Existing buildings were reused to preserve cultural heritage and reduce waste.

Material Reuse: Because large portions of the new office building are embedded in the earth, the site relies on many retaining walls to address grade change. These walls were formed with gabion baskets filled with recycled

Sustainability

Sustainable Practices Site Selection: For the Kresge Foundation, the first decision involved location-whether or not to remain on the present site or move to a new space. The Foundation explored a number of locations in the Detroit area, but chose to stay on its current property. reasons: 1) the Foundation treasured the historic farmhouse, and wanted to remain caretaker of this valuable cultural resource; 2) the site could accommodate the proposed expansion; 3) the site was well-located for the current staff.

Sustainability

This case describes the advantages of developing a new contruction focussing on Sustainability. Much like the article in relation to the kresge Foundation, this focuses on the implimentation of sustainable methods utilized in the design.

The new Eielson Visitor Center, located at Mile 66 of the Park Road, replaces a Mission 66 facility that opened in 1959.

With growing visitation, the older center gradually became obsolete. Denali’s harsh winters took a toll on the structure.

Replacement was warranted and the rebuilding began after the summer season of 2004.

Throughout the process of replacing this remote wilderness visitor center, there was a conscious effort to make choices that demonstrated the National Park Service’s commitment to sustainability.

The building, which opened to the public on June 8, 2008, is a candidate for platinum certification in the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) ratings by the U.S. Green Building Council.

When awarded, this will be the first building built by the NPS to that standard. The Denali Visitor Center at the park entrance received a silver LEED rating in 2005. At the time, it was one of only two LEED-accredited buildings within the NPS.

Figure: Eielson Visitor Significant sustainable features of the new Eielson Visitor Center include the following: A Low Profile: Set into a slope within the footprint of the previous structure, the new building blends into the landscape and provides unobstructed views of the tundra and mountains. Earth surrounding it acts as a blanket reducing heating and cooling needs.

Choice of Materials: • Floor tiles are made from 100 percent post-consumer tire rubber.

• The countertop of the information desk is made of wheat-straw, a rapidly renewable resource.

• More than 50 percent of forest-based building materials in the project came from certified, sustainable forests.

• Local and regional materials were used whenever possible to reduce energy required for shipping.

Resource Conservation: Water use is reduced with efficient fixtures, waterless urinals, low-flow faucets with sensors and low-flow shower heads in the residence area.

Porous gravel surfaces and tundra planted outside the building allow water to seep into the ground, minimizing runoff, erosion and disruption to natural water flow.

Eielson Visitor Center LEED Platinum 9,500 sf $5.5 million $650/sf

Kresge LEED Platinum 28,9000 sf $14.4 million $515/sf

Both of these cases describe similar principles that define the initiative of sustainability. From materiality to minimizing the impact of resources thrown away to landfills.

Even with so many money saving possibilities, the design of these structures come at a cost. The diagram at the left details the cost, comparing the two different types of building, one being new construction, the other being an expantion/restoration. Although it is not significantly cheeper, the pricing of renovating and preserving an existing structure has esthetic and environmental benifits rather then starting from scratch.

For Hopewell furnace this comparison is helpfull to see is it really worth the cost to preserve the current site, or is rebuilding the option.

Eielson Visitor Center

Kresge Foundation

New LEED Platinum Construction

Renovated LEED Platinum Construction

8,500 sq.ft.

28,000 sq.ft.

$ 5.5 million

$14.4 million

$650 per sq.ft.

$515 per sq.ft.

Eielson Visitor Center

Kresge Foundation

New LEED Platinum Construction

Renovated LEED Platinum Construction

8,500 sq.ft.

28,000 sq.ft.

$ 5.5 million

$14.4 million

$650 per sq.ft.

$515 per sq.ft.

Sustainability

Emphasis on Renewable Energy: The building is not connected to a utility grid. Powering this facility in an earth-friendly way required creative thinking. Building designers took a three-pronged approach that harnesses the Figure: windows allow for the sun to heat the interior power of water and the sun, and South-facing windows and a concrete floor in the viewing area capture heat from the sun, simple passive solar uses a minimal amount of prooperation that warms the structure. pane. A small turbine in a nearby stream produces electricity from hydropower. Solar panels capture sunlight when available. A cleanburning propane generator is used when necessary to augment Reduced Waste: More than 75 percent of demolition and con- the power from water and the struction waste was diverted from landfills. sun. Energy from these three Steel beams were salvaged and re-fabricated. sources feeds into batteries that Vertical wooden staves from an exterior rail- store power until needed. ing became finish material on interior walls.

Park planning and design will Openly communicate ideas and engage in community partnerships Build, design and promote dynamic linkeages and networks among parks, communities, natural systems.

Goals: Create parks without borders Link systems and visitors Link parks - local to national.

Design for interconnectivity.

Enhance permeable boundaries.

Broaden a visitor’s understanding of resource connections and cultural links Design for managing park resources

Expansion

This is important because Cognitive, physical and programmatic connections help create stronger park stewards.

Fostering partnerships and build advocacy is critical for parks to survive.

Parks should be catalysts for neighbor projects that promote healthy, interconnected landscape systems.

Creates healthy park systems Heightens the quality and range of outdoor experience Reaches and connects new audiences Raises awareness of interconnections of physical, cultural, ecological and administrative systems

Core design considerations Understand what is really needed before a project starts Must consider people who do not visit parks and actively reachout.

Design must look for opportunities to create gateways or portals among systems and parks.

Plan and design creatively and resourcefully to achieve multiple goals.

Seek design networks Communicate and promote human and nature relationships Strengthen physical connections (trails, transit) - experiental links Build intra-park relationships

Traditionally the boundaries of the National Parks are defined by the area each park makes up. These physical boundaries can expand large area, from 10 acres to many square miles. Additionally many parks can make up what looks like one park.

Considering the location of Hopewell Furnace and it adjacent parks, this happens to be true. The site is bounded by French creek state park from the west wrapping north to the east. The importances of these parks can easily extend to the amount of tourist that visit the park. By making connections and extending it’s advertisement small parks can form a network of parks to visit at one time. Tourist can save time, money and gas by knowing what is around the area. This idea of multiple sites can entice faculties of schools in the area to create trips and weekend retreats with student. The map below documents the available parks to visit throughout Pennsylvania, and defines the amount of parks relative to Hopewell Furnace. From that figure below shows parks such as Valley Forge, more well know but just as vital to American history, at most an hours drive from Hopewell. The Ability to connect with these Parks heightens the awareness of many of the sites, and

Expansion

In the interest of extending the boundaries of Hopewell Furnace through connections, we looked at the most popular parks throughout the National Parks Service. The Top ten most visited are mapped above.

This includes The Somkey Mountains National Park Grand Canyon National Park Yosemite National Park Yellowstone National Park Grand Tetons National Park Olympic National Park The Rocky Mountains National Park Arcadia National Park Cuyahoga National Park Zion National Park The grandeur and scenic views generate the popularity of each site. People throughout the world and the United States visit these sites because of there beauty, to hike, climb or just to see it. They are to say, self sufficient.

However, in experience, many people who visit National Parks do so by creating a journey to take. With many of the big National Parks located in the western U.S. two or three parks can be toured in one trip.

For Hopewell Furnace its size and location are some what obscure. Its not well known, however, using the history of the site and its connection to the revolutionary war a tour can be created for people to travel. Many small Revolutionary sites along the eastern sea board can be marketed and function together. Since many of these sites coincide with great importance to the war.

Tour Sites Castillo de San Marcos NM, Saint Augustine, FL Cowpens National Battlefield, Chesne , SC Fort Moultrie National Monument, Sullivan’s Island, SC Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, Greensboro, NC Colonial National Historical Park , Williamsburg , VA Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, PA Valley Forge National Historical Park, Valley Forge, PA: In December 1777 Independence National Historical Park , Philadelphia, PA Morristown National Historical Park, NJ Governor’s Island National Monument, New York , NY Saratoga National Historical Park, NY Minute Man National Historical Park, Concord , Lincoln, Lexington, MA

Expansion

Hopewell Furnace displays traditional activities for visitors to take part in, mainly centering around tours and hiking. From above the most common types of things to do at parks are take tours, see demonstrations, experience the outdoors and finally take in historic information. Hopewell offers these experiences in their simple form. Valley forge is a parks that extends these activities to multiple kinds of tours, demonstrations and providing bikes to ride. Although few, its shows the creativity Valley Forge has to allow a variety of guest to experience its sites.

Chester springs sourrounds is a a public orginazation focusing on linking attractions in chester county and surrounding counities in Southeastern, Pennsylvania. the orginaztion is dedicated to “collectively preserving the beauty and charm of the countryside” A Anselma Farmers and Artisans Market

H Marsh Creek State Park

B Chester Springs Creamery & Milky Way Farm I Conservation Center Going to an extreme Williamsburg Va. has completely changed the traditional boundaries that so many parks follow. Each activity offered connects with multiple traditions, allowing the visitor to take part in multiple experiences at once. The particular unique idea is how the park transformed to represent the historical times of the park, mimicking the life of Americans back in the 18th century. This case can show Hopewell how a large site made a more dramatic change. It shows that a drastic change can have positive affects not only for the people but throughout and overall area to.

By creating a connection of the sites there also would need to be a standard of activities each park would have to offer. By doing so this would bring people who want to experience the same activites at each park and see how they compare throughout their entire trip.

C Crow’s Nest Perserve

A The Mill at Anselma

D Frensh Creek State Parks

K Natural Lands Trust, Binky Lee Preserve

E Historic Yellow Springs F Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site G Ludwicg’s Corner Horse Show Association

L St. Peters Village M Warwick County Park N Welkinweir

Expansion

The Chesapeake Bay Gateways Network is a system of over 100 sites, including parks,refuges, museums, historic communities, and water trails, in the 64,000 square-mile, three state, Chesapeake Bay watershed. Managed by over 50 different partners these sites provide access to Chesapeake resources and tell a part of the Bay story. Linked as a Network—through maps, guides, a web site, collaborative projects and integrated interpretation—they provide a way for over 15 million watershed residents to experience and understand the Bay as a whole. NPS coordinates the Gateways Network and directly manages eight of the Gateway sites.

Informed

20% beauty of area 20% seeing animals

32% seeing restored historical building 28% molding demonstrations

89% keep it as is, do not change anything

35% unique historical information

17% set up concession stand/snack bar

82% more interpretive staff available to answer questions

71% not enough interpreters/staff to answer questions

Informed

71% no living history demonstrations on day we visited

23% unable to see some parts of big house

50% site is very clean 88% staff very friendly and knowledgeable

13% will come back 12% educational experience 10% good recreation

Expansion

All national parks in the United States of America are managed by a federal agency referred to as the National Park Service. The agency is also responsible administering conservation areas as well as national monuments.

Since, this is a federal agency the director is designated by the president and approved by the senate. Currently, Jonathon B. Jarvis is the director of the National Park Service with over 20,000 other seasonal, temporary and permanent professionals working. The Park Service’s National Leadership Council, is made up of the agency’s director, deputy directors, regional directors, associate directors and assistant directors. The Director is supported by senior executives who manage national programs, policy, and budget in the Washington, DC, headquarters and seven regional directors responsible for national park management and program implementation. Collectively, these executives make up our National Leadership Council.

Budget FY 2010 Enacted - $3.16 billion FY 2011 Request - $3.14 billion Hopewell Furnace Regional Office: Northeast Region Dennis Reidenbach, Regional Director National Park Service U.S. Custom House

Demographics

Races in Hopewell, PA (2009) White alone - 168 (95.5%) Two or more races - 8 (4.5%)

Black Other

Races in Pennsylvania (2009) White alone - 10,177,758 (80.7%) Black alone - 1,283,564 (10.2%) Hispanic - 646,047 (5.1%) Asian alone - 309,345 (2.5%) Two or more races - 152,342 (1.2%) White Other race alone - 21,032 (0.2%) Races Demographics American Indian alone - 12,317 (0.10%) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone - 2,362 (0.02%)

Females: Never married: 9.9% Now married: 46.5% Separated: 5.6% Widowed: 28.2% Divorced: 9.9%

Latino population 15 years and over: Males: Never married: 24.7% Now married: 41.1% Separated: 5.5% Widowed: 2.7% Divorced: 26.0% Females: Never married: 9.9% Now married: 46.5% Separated: 5.6% Widowed: 28.2% Divorced: 9.9%

Women who did not have a birth in the past 12 months Now married: 80.6% (29) Unmarried: 19.4% (7)

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Ancestries in Hopewell

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Hopewell Ancestry Breakdown

Iris

Gre

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Fre nch

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Demographics

White population 15 years and over: Males: Never married: 24.7% Now married: 41.1% Separated: 5.5% Widowed: 2.7% Divorced: 26.0%

German - 50 (22.5%) Other - 28 (12.6%) Irish - 26 (11.7%) English - 23 (10.4%) United States - 15 (6.8%) Arab - 6 (2.7%) Dutch - 5 (2.3%) French - 5 (2.3%) Greek - 2 (0.9%) Scottish - 2 (0.9%)

Pennsylvania Poulation Density

Name: Hopewell Village Region: Hershey/Gettysburg/Dutch Country Region Dedication Date: August 8, 1948 Iron was one principal commercial products.

The colony enjoyed a natural abundance of iron ore, limestone, and hardwood trees.

Iron-making was a rural industry.

Iron “plantations” required huge forest reserves of up to 10,000 acres to keep production going.

Village scene of Hopewell Village: Plantations were managed by special “iron masters,” who often rose from the ranks.

Slaves and journeymen specialists, provided skilled labor.

Hopewell Furnace remains.

One of the finest examples of a rural, eastern Pennsylvania iron plantation is Hopewell Forge.

Built by William Bird.

Bird also owned at least eighteen African slaves Blacks continued to work at Hopewell Furnace as paid employees.

Some black laborers lived in the nearby forest and served as conductors on the Underground Railroad.

Many former slaves worked at Hopewell Furnace as woodcutters, colliers, and teamsters.

Hopewell Furnace closed in 1883 but was reborn as a national historical site in the 1930s.

FRENCH CREEK STATE PARK

STATE GAME LAND

Fishing Mountain Biking Horseback Riding Camping Canoeing/Kayaking

Hunting Shooting Markmanship

Hiking Nature Viewing

Picnicking

Junior Ranger Program Nature Photography Nature Drawing Historic Research Viewing Living History Dog Walking

HOPEWELL FURNACE

Demographics

Human Demographic by Activity

Harvestable Fauna

Harvestable Flora trees

plants

Black cherry White ash Hickory Yellow poplar Northern red oak White oak Basswood Red maple Sugar maple American beech

Ginseng Azalea Blueberries Blackberries Cranberries Grapes Raspberries Elderberries Mint Roses

hunting

trapping

fishing

Whitetail Deer Red Fox Brown Trout Elk Gray Fox Rainbow Trout Black Bear Beaver Brook Trout Wild Turkey Muskrat Steelhead Woodcook Mink Small Mouth Bass Pheasant Raccoons Striped Bass Rabbit Opossums Largemouth Bass Ruffed Grouse Skunk Walleye Coyote Badgers Rock Bass Duck Fisher Yellow Perch Goose Weasels Sinfish

Black Crappie Carp Bluegill Flathead Catfish Channel Catfish Chain Pickeral Saugeye Saeger American Shad White Bass White Perch

.1

0.20

.3

.5

0.60

ennsylvania

Spain

.7

0.8

Japan

0.40

England

0.00

New Jersey

other

.0

Hong Kong

Maryland

visual

0.81

Delaware

mental

.6

Illinois

hearing

0.40

0.10

0.81

0.25

0.15

Ohio

mobility

.2

.6

0.20

Massachusetts

0.00

0.05

0.40

0.15

.0

0.30

friends

International visitors

.2

0.10

family and friends

US visitors

10 and younger 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 0.00 71 and older 0.00

0.05

family

0.00

some high school

high school graduate

some college

bachelor's degree

graduate degree

non-educational

educational

Demographics

alone West Virginia

0.20

other states

Michigan Virginia

Wisconsin

Indiana

Tennessee

Florida

other

Greece

Germany

1730

few whites start to settle with native Indians

1740

first house was built

1750 1760 1770

Factors Affecting Demographic infrastructure commerce industry people

first trading post was established a trail was cleared & Fort Bedford was built several public road were opened Indian raid, racial conflict

1780 1790 1800 1810 1820

first iron production at Hopewell Furnace first post office was established

20,248

first volunteer fire company Hopewell Coal and Iron Co. was laid out

Railroad built for commercial coal shipments.

1840

Bedford County Press was published first bank was founded

1850

1870 1880 1890

34,929 Bedford Electric Light Company was organized White Sulpher Springs Hotel opens first automobile built in the county

electricity was brought to rural areas.

1910

first county radio station

1930 1940

38,644

first motion picture theater first insurance company the Saxton Bottling Company was founded first hospital was opened Famous tourist landmark - “S.S. Grand View Ship� - opened

1900

1920

26,736 Demographics

1830

1860

29,335

23,052

40,000

42,451

ski resort was opened numerous of corporations were opened

42,353 Population Curve

45,058

Democracy

National Park Service by the Numbers

Headquarters Jon Jarvis Director Peggy O’Dell Deputy Director, Operations Mickey Fearn Deputy Director, Communications and Community Assistance Bruce Sheaffer Comptroller Stephanie Toothman Associate Director, Cultural Resources Julia Washburn Associate Director, Interpretation and Education Bert Frost Associate Director, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Steve Whitesell Associate Director, Park Planning, Facilities, and Lands Rich Weideman Acting Associate Director, Partnerships and Visitor Experience Steve Shackelton Associate Director, Visitor and Resource Protection Jo Pendry Acting Associate Director, Business Services Jerry Simpson Associate Director, Workforce Management Sue Hawkins Acting Assistant Director, Information Resources Teresa Chambers Chief, United States Park Police

$48,000,000,000 incentivized in private historic preservation investment 11,700,000,000 visitors $5,409,252,508 in preservation and outdoor recreation grants awarded $2,750,000,000 annual budget 121,603,193

objects in museum collections 97,417,260 volunteer hours 84,000,000 acres of land 4,502,644 acres of oceans, lakes, reservoirs 2,482,104 volunteers 218,000 jobs supported in gateway communities 85,049 miles of perennial rivers and streams 68,561 archeological sites 43,162 miles of shoreline 28,000 employees 27,000 historic structures 2,461 national historic landmarks 582 national natural landmarks 400 endangered species 397 national parks 40 national heritage areas

Address: National Park Service 1849 C Street NW Washington, DC 20240 Phone:

(202) 208-3818

Regional Office (Northeast Region) Dennis Reidenbach Regional Director Address: National Park Service U.S. Custom House 200 Chestnut Street, Fifth Floor Philadelphia, PA 19106

The National Park Service develops a budget each February for the next fiscal year which starts October 1. Our budget - published in what we call the Green Book - defines our goals and objectives and the funding necessary to accomplish them. The NPS budget is rolled up into the budget for the Department of the Interior and then with the rest of the Executive Branch and submitted to Congress for its review and approval.

Here’s our most recent funding and employee (Full Time Equivalent/FTE) levels:

FY 2011(request) $3.14 billon FY 2010 $3.16 billion FY 2009 $2.92 billion

21,501 employees 21,574 employees 20,876 employees

Beyond these appropriated funds, the National Park Service is also authorized to collect and retain revenue from specific sources: * Recreation Fees: approximately $190 million per year * Park Concessions Franchise Fees: approximately $60 million per year * Filming and Photography Fees: approximately $1.2 million per year

Democracy

Secretary of the Interior : Ken Salazar

THE NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT The National Historic Preservation Act is legislation intended to preserve historical and archaeological sites in the United States of America. The act created the National Register of Historic Places, the list of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.

Today’s motivations are boiled to four issues: 1. to retain diverse elements of past 2. to perpetuate the distinctive identities of places 3. to involve amateurs in landscape care 4. to practice a conservation approach to environmental change.

The National Historic Preservation Act has led to major changes in the employment trends in historic preservation fields. Archaeologists, historians, historic architects, and others have been employed in vast numbers in the field of cultural resource management (CRM).

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States government’s official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation.

The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966 established the National Register and the process for adding properties to it.

Democracy

Each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings.

For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service (NPS), it is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior.

For a property to be eligible for the National Register, it must meet at least one of the four National Register main criteria.

* Criterion A, “Event,” the property must make a contribution to the major pattern of American history. * Criterion B, “Person,” is associated with significant people of the American past. * Criterion C, “Design/Construction,” concerns the distinctive characteristics of the building by its architecture and construction, including having great artistic value or being the work of a master. * Criterion D, “Information potential,” is satisfied if the property has yielded or may be likely to yield information important to prehistory or history.[19] The criteria are applied differently for different types of properties; for instance, maritime properties have application guidelines different from those of buildings.

Sites are the locations of significant events, which can be prehistoric or historic in nature and represent activities or buildings (standing, ruined, or vanished). When sites are listed, it is the locations themselves that are of historical interest. They possesses cultural or archaeological value regardless of the value of any structures that currently exist at the locations. Examples of types of sites include shipwrecks, battlefields, campsites, natural features, and rock shelters.

Historic districts possess a concentration, association, or continuity of the other four types of properties. Objects, structures, buildings, and sites in a historic district are united historically or aesthetically, either by choice or by the nature of their development.

There are several other different types of historic preservation associated with the properties of the National Register of Historic Places that cannot be classified as either simple buildings and historic districts. Through the National Park Service, the National Register of Historic Places publishes a series of bulletins designed to aid in evaluating and applying the criteria for evaluation of different types of properties. Although the criteria are always the same, the manner they are applied may differ slightly, depending upon the type of property involved. The National Register bulletins describe application of the criteria for aids to navigation, historic battlefields, archaeological sites, aviation properties, cemeteries, and burial places, historic designed landscapes, mining sites, post offices, properties associated with significant persons, properties achieving significance within the last fifty years, rural historic landscapes, traditional cultural properties, and vessels and shipwrecks.

Demonstration

Advertise/Demonstrate/Sell These three ideas foster an understanding of the reasons people visit the site and the means to get them there.

Advertising, means to attract visitors Demonstrate, activities/tours of the activity of the site Sell, the combination of ways to gain visitors Representation of Demonstration Advertising Mediums Social Media and Technology Visitor centers, activities, hikin etc

Hopewell Furnace can be located on the nps.gov website. Its overall interface is a great for any users, its simple, its easy and provides visitor will all the information of Hopewell. The website is a great way for the park to demonstrate itself to anyone. Particularly it provides information across a broad span of topics,, but focusing in on the importance of the park. Tabs show Plan your Visit History and Culture For teachers

How does a park DEMOnstrate itself to the public?

For kids

Sustainabilty?

Connectons to outlying parks, cities?

Social media? are there advantages of using this,? foursquare facebook etc Advertising? are tradition methods working/ being used?

Programs, demonstration & tours? are these sufficient to the time?

Visitor amentities? are the current sheltors and non historic buildings fit with the Park?

Park Management Support

Core purpose Demonstration’s goal is to understand develope and generate the means to capture audiances Through using these questions, research will determine the means of which to generate a redevelopement of the overall park.

The website Demonstrates the possibilities the park has to offer. Visitors have the ability to plan and set up their day based off of this site.

From this Applications can be made such as historical tours or even mapping that can be used on Iphones or Ipods as one walks throughout the grounds of Hopewell furnace.

This application can be used to show what the site looked like historically with activity before it fell to ruins.

Advertisement trends through the history of the National Parks has been minor since the creation of the parks system. Since the beginning the primary means of knowledge of the parks has steamed from parents, friends, family etc. However, many books and journals inspired people to visit parks not well known to Americans. In the early 1900’s Theodore Roosevelt made his trip across the United State to find, see and most importantly advertise the National Parks. This trip inspired many Americans to see the beauty America had to offer. Meeting with park rangers and airing speeches throughout many parks grasped the attention of the people. Similar to the Posters displaying “See America” Visit the National Parks in the 1930’s. These poster along with billboards stood as primary means to gain tourist visitors. In the 1940’s Ansel Adams was contracted to photograph and display each and every National Park. This came at a time just before World War II, capturing the beauty and drama the national parks hold. The photos, placed in books and across America, for the first time depicted the reality of the parks, something of which only could be seen in person before. From this point documentaries, movies, picture as well as word of mouth all provided means to advertise and demonstrate what the Parks had to offer.

Through the invention of the web National Parks can be found on line through nps. gov. The web interface is user friendly offering great detail information on each and every park. To go even further applications for ipods, ipads, and iphones are able to give information to you where ever you may be. Making it easier to change plans as well as add a stop to your trip. The National parks have not had a significant campaign for advertisement or marketing in many years, due to the

creation of websites, and documentaries on the history channel the need is very small for a definite campaign. However Marketing campaigns for cites, states and even regions have created large growth of tourism in many of these areas. For example the Pure Michigan campaign started up a couple years ago to change the vision many Americans had of the state. Now drawing many people in to the state through out much of the year allows people to capture the beauty and “pureness” Michigan has to offer. Some cities such as New York and Las Vegas have created catch phrases that of I “Heart” NY and “What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas” to stick in people minds. People would travel to New York just to purchase a I “heart” NY shirt.

By using all these notions and ideas Hopewell can demonstrate the importance it has to the National parks system. Hopewell along with many other small national sites or even Revolutionary war sites can band together to create a campaign to visit. Pictures and applications can be taken to describe and depict the grandeur of such a small but interesting park.

Social media includes web-based and mobile technologies used to turn communication into interactive dialogue. Its media for social interaction as a superset beyond social communication. Enabled by ubiquitously accessible and scalable communication techniques, social media has substantially changed the way organizations, communities, and individuals communicate.

People are now linked to people they haven’t seen in several years. Reading and keeping up with these people life is as simple as a click of a button. This ability to upload photos to Facebook or Flicker, checking in to foursquare or tweeting. All of these interfaces share experiences of many places throughout the world. Connecting social media to Hopewell can be as simple as a Facebook page or e-mail lists. However, innovating or creating a different interaction for social media users will draw these people away from the computer and on to the site. Advertising users between 13-34 impact 72% of social media users. It is not so much to advertise for Hopewell on these site but rather it is interacting from users to park that will prove most useful from these sites.

DEMO nstration Advertising Programing Networking Educating

Publication

Routine Programing

Activities

Television Internal programing Film and Documentaries

Internal networking Acting/Tours

Radio

Internet

Sports Linkage among Park systems and programs

Communicate Ideas openly

Performances

Community partnership

Partnership with Schools and research institutes

Music

Borden visitors understanding of new systems, connections, links and activities

Build parks and programs that enhance social, cultural, and natural expressions

Art

Social media

Mobile media

Shared programming Interconnectivity among park resources

Demonstration

Publications

As popularity and users rise National Parks including Hopewell Furnace will have to connect to a number of sites. Blogging, videos and pictures can all demonstrate that there is a reality to all of these beyond the web.

Interactive devices such as Iphones, Ipods, Droids and Smart phones constantly keep our generation connected to the places we visit. Barcodes places on maps or plaques can be scanned to view historical data and pictures on devices. For Hopewell Furnace the site must react and implement these ideas to not only attract but allow users to interact with the attractions the furnaces already offers.

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Televation

Films

Radio

Demonstration is broken into five categories, each category in then broken into many individual methods and ideas.

There are the traditional ways of advertising, programing, networking, education and organizing activities. Then are new or relatively new ideas, trends, and techniques that could be utilized to make the parks system more cohesive set of networks. Some of the new ideas have been used like the use of the internet and the social networks, but the extent into which these channels have been utilized to make the parks more sustained and cohesive have not yet been fulfilled. As began to investigate new demonstration ideas, we began to cross check with “expanding beyond traditional boundaries�

Internet/ Social Media

Mobile Media/ Apps

Not to be confused with Hopewell Furnace, the Hopewell National Park located in Ohio does a better job at describing the activities that take place on site. Reading through this article we found a connection to schools/ student groups that make up a large amount of the Figure: Teacher turns park into Classroom parks guests. The Furnace can use these programs and initiatives that Students participated in programs at Hopewell Culture NHP and in the Hopewell parks has established to present history in a better way to Midwest Archeological Center student groups that come visit.

(MWAC).

The park offers self-guided interpretive trails to give the visitor a friendly sense of circulation throughout the park.

The trails go from the center of the park to the outer perimeter to give the visitor a broad range of paths.

Figure: Insterpretive Trails.

A self-guided interpretive trail of the mounds is located at Mound City Group. Another trail circles the outer perimeter of these earthworks.

A trail to the Central Mound at Seip Earthworks is maintained by the Ohio Historical Society. More trails are under construction at Hopewell Mound Group and Seip Earthworks.

Figure: Parks Visitor Center

The park’s Visitor Center features a 17-minute film and a museum containing artifacts excavated from Mound City Group. Guided tours and patio talks are available in the summer and by special arrangement.

Contact the Visitor Center for more information by phone at 740-7741126 or by email.

Figure: Bike Trail.

Demonstration

One mile of the Biking Trail runs through the park’s Hopewell Mound Group unit.

This bike trail connects the towns via a 14 mile paved section to give the visitors easy access between them. Parking and restrooms are also located adjacent to the trail at the park’s different facilities.

Hopewell National Historical Park offers a visitor center where the visitors can learn more about the park and the different paths and activities that the park has to offer. This visitor center also contains a film and artifacts that tell the history and present of the park.

Hopewell National Historical Park offers different types of activities to accomodate all type of visitors.

Kids participate on activities that are full of enjoyment while at the same time being educational.

With the park having partnership with schools, it gives the opportunity for students to take their learning experience out of the classroom.

This also helps educate their local residents about their parks and what are the most meaningful values of their local parks.

Figure: Teachers instructing students.

Figure: Kids participating on activities.

The park is a great place for kids to explore. Kids can learn about the cultural and natural resources of the park by attending special ranger-led programs for kids or by participating in the park’s Junior Ranger program.

Have your child become an “official” Junior Ranger by successfully completing a booklet filled with educational activities. This booklet is available at the Mound City Group Visitor Center.

Hopewell Culture National Historical Park provides a unique opportunity for your students to learn about Ohio’s cultural and natural resources.

Educational programs for K-12 students are available at the park or in your classroom. For more information, contact a Park Ranger by phone at 740-774-1126 or by email.

By creating volunteer programs, it gives the opportunity for visitors to have more hands on the park.

These programs are also very helpful in terms of giving the visitor the opportunity to learn while helping the park good maintnance time.

Demonstration

The park also offers educational tours to visitors to help educate more about the park and its history. This type of activities gives the visitor the option of enjoying the sites without missing important deatails about the zone that they are experiencing.

Figure: Park volunteer.

Figure: Park worker instructing visitors.

Hopewell Culture includes many Archeological digs/classes. Hopewell Discovery days a allow visitors to join in on the expiriance of the park. Visitors are invited to join in a variety of activities, including earthwork tours, flintknapping demonstrations, artifact and fossil identification, atlatl demonstrations, handson crafts, and nature displays.

Become part of the Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP) program by assisting park staff with interpretive, biological, archeology, or maintenance projects. Every year volunteers donate over 2,000 hours to Hopewell Culture! Individuals or groups can volunteer at any time of the year.

Hopewell Furnce can Demonstrate its self to a larger audiance by doing as the Park did. Creating Furnace days or even camp out to learn the process of making iron would be beneficial for groups interested in the site. Hands on kids activity would be a way to better demonstrate the life of a miner of many years ago.

Figure: View of Hopewell NHP.

Demonstration

Pennsylvania Natural Rescources

Shallow oil

Deep Natural Gas

Shallow Gas

Coal

Non- Forested Area

Hopwell Furnace Topography

0-15% Grade

15-25% Grade

25%-+ Grade

Low Point

High Point

0

50ft

100ft

SUMMER SEASON

schuylkill river

Wind Chill

500

Dew Points

600

Relative Humidity 400

Barometric Pressureh

1019

500 600

Temperature 80 F (summer)

700

o

800

60 0 700 80 0

400

90

300

creek French rk State pa

0

600 700 800 900

ut hill

chestn sc

ho

900

800

0

800

amp

pine sw

0

60 70 0

The south site is near the STATE GAME LAND which is flat, so the wram wind can effect our site and bring more humidity air to here.

900

600 700

800

creek French rk State pa

ke

ll la

e pew

70

70

0

ell hopew c site histori

800

60 0

ru ott n s la ke

800 900

600

1018

WINTER SEASON

schuylkill river

Wind Chill

500

Dew Points 600

Relative Humidity Barometric Pressureh

400

500

1017

600

Temperature 35 F (winter) o

700 800

60 0 700 80 0

400

90

creek French rk State pa

0

300 600 700 800 900

chestnut

hill

amp

0

60

0

800 900

800

60

900

The chestnut hill can be resist some old ind from north in winter.

700 800

pine sw

70

e

lak

600

800

creek French rk State pa

ell

ew

hop

900

70 0

l hopewel te si historic

800

0

ts e ot ak sc n l ru

0

70

600

1018

Wind Chill (F)

Relative Humidity

(100%)

38 Winter nter conditions can n become ic icy and snow s can accumulate up to severall inches. inc

38

44 44

41

58

51

48

Dew Points ( F)

Barometric Pressure

o

12 19

9

10 1016

12

1017

18

16

Precipitation averages from 3 to 5 inches of rainfall per month.

The greatest amount falling during the spring, summer, and autumn.

During winter conditions can be icy and snow can accumulate up to several inches.

winter

14

summer

winter

1018

16

19 21 83 60

These diagram shows the data that our site compare to the other place in the state.

WS

Wind Speed (mph)

9

WC

D

7

0

3

B

38

20

20

The temperature of Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site

Southeastern Pennsylvania's climate is temperate. Summers are generally humid.

Temperatures occasionally reach as low as the single digits.

7

3

38

R

Occasional high temperatures reach the mid-90s with showers and thunderstorms commonly occurring during spring and summer months. Winter conditions can become icy and snow can accumulate up to several inches.

Pottsville

Reading

Coatesville

Hopewell Furnace

Birdsboro Pottstown

Norristown

Philadelphia

Pottsville

Reading

Hopewell Furnace

Birdsboro Pottstown

Phoenixville

Norristown

Philadelphia

Pottsville

Reading

Hopewell Furnace

Birdsboro Pottstown

Phoenixville

Norristown

Philadelphia

Pottsville

Reading

Hopewell Furnace

Birdsboro Pottstown

Phoenixville

Norristown

Philadelphia

Pottsville

Reading

Elverson

Hopewell Furnace

Birdsboro Pottstown

Phoenixville

Royersford Spring City

Norristown

Philadelphia

utility lines

channel

secondary path

primary path

railroad

In Pennsylvania, the bald eagle is threatened and protected under the Game and Wildlife Code. Although not listed as endangered or threatened at the federal level, the bald eagle is pro-tected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Protection Treaty Act.

CANOPY

OVERSTORY

Pine

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is located in Berks and Chester counties in southeastern Pennsylvania within the French Creek drainage. The park is approximately 360 ha in size and is roughly 78% forested, 14% managed grasslands and cropland, and 8% developed land and infrastructure. The major forest cover in this region is the Mixed Oak Forest. This general forest type extends from northern Georgia to southern New England.

The Broadleaf Mixed Forest often occurs adjacent the Highbush Blueberry–Meadowsweet Wetland. Below 60% canopy cover the Red Maple–Mixed Hardwood Forest may more properly be referred to as a woodland. When the canopy cover falls to below 20% the dominant strata becomes the shrub layer, at which point the vegetation would be classified as Highbush Blueberry–Meadowsweet Wetland.

Spruce

Oak Maple

SUBCANOPY

UNDERSTORY SOIL Grasses and Perrenials

CONIFEROUS FOREST

Currently, elk in Pennsylvania are non-migratory but have a large home range compared to western states. Movements up to 11 miles in a single night have been recorded. Elk occasionally take long exploratory trips (up to 25 miles) outside of their home range but they usually return to previously occupied activity centers. Seasonal movements of elk are often in response to biological changes and changes in food availability.

BROADLEAF MIXED FOREST

SHRUBLAND

The wetland areas are dominated by shrubs, typically Southern arrow-wood, winterberry, smooth alder, maleberry, and highbush blueberry. Scattered trees of canopy and sub-canopy height can also be found throughout the swamp. Red maple, American elm, green ash, black gum, and pin oak are the most tree common species. The ground-story contains diverse herbaceous cover, including jewelweed, arrowleaf tearthumb, halberd-leaf tearthumb, climbing false buckwheat, and eastern marsh fern. Several grass and sedge species are also present.

Longleaf Pine

This vegetation type occurs within the several power line areas within the national historic site. Tree species appear to be cut or herbicided within the areas to prevent interference with electrical power transmission, resulting in a disturbed early succession mix of herbs, vines, shrubs, and tree saplings. Since this vegetation is strongly influenced by the adjacent vegetation type or land use as well as topographic position, plant species composition is extremely variable and identification of characteristic species not practicable. However, it should be noted that invasive native and exotic species are often abundant within power line areas, including fox grape, oriental bittersweet, Japanese honeysuckles, multiflora rose, and Japanese stilt grass.

Deer are a valuable natural resource, but they must be closely managed or they’ll quickly overpopulate the range they inhabit. When overpopulation occurs, deer strip their habitat of its life-supporting qualities, not just for deer, but for many woodland wildlife species.

Crop and other property damage problems also increase, as well as deer/vehicle collisions.

As recently as 1986, only one osprey nest could be found in Pennsylvania. Today, the government is aware of nesting pairs in more than 20 counties.

For many years following a very successful reintroduction program Pennsylvania conducted annual surveys of nest sites.

Black Bear numbers have increased substantially in Pennsylvania, from around 4,000 in the 1970’s to around 14,000 today. A dramatic growth has provided more opportunities for people to see bears, which is an experience many treasure, and bear hunting has greatly improved.

Emergant Water Plans Algae

DJI

WETLAND ND ND

L LONGLEAF PINE FOREST T