Pyelos Perineo 1 by Stavros Papadakos

Mt.ro6rroio, TQoXAFtD

d6*utno' onie&to> r,cPlfd$zp(tc) eopeot |A*, ( \,or.,no,, ^E,r' wrenczlp,r @e (P.PE-a, KEOAAAIO

Ilvunol

KAr IIuprNEo "loOol406at

nleAog (trerovq) elvor

neproXrl onou evdrvovror

ro roro o-

roppd (Err. 3-1). To nepfueo, q neproXq Uero€u rov pnptitv (Etr. 3-54), e(vorrlXovoerdqg neproXrl rou ropprou roror ono Kpo U€ Tov

to \nrppaypo qg nueAou, ro ono(o Xop((er ro ono ro neplveo (pI. Err. 2-29).

nuetrrr1

roiloq-

6-{il \lr^hoY.b llQt(rruxrvt

vero oTrlv dltrl enrqovero rou ovrrtvupou oorou, pe rqv ono[ov op-

1 rerpotrl rou plprolou oorou (Err. 3-38 ror 3-4). To ovrirvupo ooro nepLyporpovror oT0 repotrolo rov roro orpov (Kerp. 5). To r6ooepo rg1goro rou oreLerou qg nuelou ouyrporouvror 0pdiveror

pero[f roug pe roXupo0g ouvDeopouq (Err 3-B ror 3-9) ror evdrvovror U6 reooeprg op0prrroeLg: Duo 6rop0ptiroerq, riq rcpoAa.ypvrcg dnplptioerg ror D0o ouyxovdprtoers ryn

ryB,"iffim$-

ap9puo1 (Err 3-1 ror 3-4) IrLq duo retreuro[eq, Uero(f Tov ouvroooopevov oorov nopeppotrtrovrol rvoXovdpL-

Tnv LtpoKOKKUyx4

H nteAog

vor 6(oror, evo-r evroXuovror xor ono ouvddogoug.

ro ror6repo olprelo rou rop;rou Kor I nuero ror6repo rpulroilroulg rodoqroq ror evronl(eror xoro ono ro enlnebo

H nUetroq onoretre(

H ovrivultty 4 rcilxrl ypappi

trtrr1 roLtr6qro, Xtovoerdoug oXrlporoq, onoreLe[

;ro

rou nuetrrxou Xeitrouq, nou opi(eL qreALxr.

r7 ovtivult4 ypappr1l (Etx.

3-1 xor 3-7, BI. Ex.2-29). H ovrilvu;ul ypopUn onoretrelro ovo opto rqq nuetrrxlg roLklqrog, q ono[o ouv6Xeror pe qv roilrorrl rotLorrlro. H nuetrrrrl roil,dqro otpopl(eror ono rortr.t ono ro dnrppoypa rqg nueAou, ro ono(o oxnpori(eL rc nueAu<o e\orpog ror nopeppoltreror gero[u nuetrou ror neplvtlou. To dvo ordpro r4g nuetrou

eioodog rqg nuetrou orpop[(eror oe rd0e ntreupd ono

11 ono(o e rr€lverol ono qv qBLxrl oultrpuo4 epnpoq, etoq rc oxpurqpLo rou repou ooroU n(oto (Err. 3-1A).

ovrirvupq ypogpn,

H oortrvry nteAog H oor6rvq nuetrog onore),e[

ro oretrero rrlg nuetrou. Ileprrtrel-

nuetrLrrl roilorrlro ror oXrlgori(er t1v nueAxry (itvry2

1te

onoio ouvroooovror T0 ooro rov rdror orpov. H oor6rvl nrietroq oXlgorf(eror ono epnpdg ror ono ro ntrdyto ono ro 6uo ovtivupa

ooro, to onofo evtilvovror Kor oxr]UoT((ouv rqv qBwq o1prpuo4, ev6 npog ro n(oo onri ro repor oorc xurov KlKKUya (Err. 3-1 6trlg 3-4). To tepov ooro rol o rdrruyog, nou onoretrouv ro xortlrepo rprlpo

onovdutrrrrlg orr1trr1g, nopegBotrtrovror pero{u rov on[rov drio ovtr.rvulurlv oortilv. To uvr0vu;ro oord elvor

o0ttov orpulv

nlorro ooro ovtrlpotrou oXrlporog. To xd0e ovtirvupo onoretrelror ond rp(o rgflporo: ro troyovro, ro roXroxo ror ro qprro oord. To ooro ouro ouvovr6vr0r ot7v xorAAq, plo otporpoerdrl roitr1 enrqo-

roro ono ro en(nedo nou opl(er 1 ovdrypopprl (Err.3-7, Btr. enioqg Ew.2-29). To enlnedo ourd eivulrog vor rertrrpevo ror oXrlporr(eL yo.rv(o neplnou 550 pe ro opL(ovrro en(ne6o. Iupn(nrel pe r4v ypopprl nou evtirver ro orporrlpro rou re H nuetroq euploreror

pou oorou pe

ovto enrqoveto

qq lprrrlg oulupuorlg. Aurrl orpr-

Fdrq n ypoUUn, ro0opi(er ror rrlv npoo0lon(o0Lo droperpo

rou ovrr,r oropiou t1 eroodou r4g nuetrou (Erx. 3-6A). H ovdrvupq ypopUl onoretreiror ono ro nopordrot poptptirporo (Err. 3-1 eolg 3-7 ror 315A): ro qprro qugo, rqv rrevro(o orpotrorp(o rou qprrou oorou, rqv

roloerdq ypoUpl rou troyov[ou oorou, ro npoo0ro dpro rov reptirv nrepuyfrr-rv ror ro orpotrrlpro Tou repou oorou. Me rqv ovtirvuprl ypopUn 1 nuetroq drorpelror oe duo ;toipeg: r4v ovo, pei(ovo nfetro (Qeudrlg nuetroq), 11 onolo or1v npoygoTrror4ro e[voL rpqgo qq roro rortrlog ror qv roro, eloooovo.nUetro (otr40Lvr1 nuetrog, "poreulr4 nuetroq"),

ono[o neprtroppover

rrlv nue),rrr1 roilorrlro (Err.3-4 ror 3-7, Ftr. enionq Err. 2-29). H pe((ov nIetrog errelveror gerolrj rov troyovur.rv poOptrtv, novo ono qv ovtirvugq ypoUUn. H etrooorrlv nuetrog pp(oreror rorol ono ro rerl,lpevo en(nedo 14q ovdrvuprlg ypoUUnq ror e(vor eloLpelro or1povrrr4 orrl poteurrrrl xot yuvorrotroy(0, oqorj onoretreI ovonoonooro rpqpo rqg yevv4lulq odorj.

Arogop6g pero[ri ovdprx{g Kor fuvor-;i'e} reiog nu6lou (Err. 3-1, llivorog 3-1). H ovdprrn Korrl yuvolre[o nuetrog droqepouv oe oprero orlpe(0, ro onoio elvoL oorprl ror ovoyvop((ovror eurotro. 0r drotpopeg our6q oqeilovror rup[og orrl pop[rep1 xorooreurl ror ro roXupo-

repo puiro ouorqpo rotv ovbprirv, otrtro roL orqv 1 H ovtivupog ypot4Jq

lxnt)ari(erat an6 To 1PLKO rpAlto, r1v rrevrqtu arpoAorpio rou 1ptxotj oorcA, r4v ro{ott64 yplpuq rlu Aayov[ou xot r4v ntepuya Ker r0 orput1pto rou Lepol ooroA (ELx. 3-1). z H nueALx4 (uv4 oy4pou(eTaL onl To 600 avdvupo 0oro. H xotA6r4ro nou nepLEyeru orqv nueAmq fuivn Ku orpopi(erut ono nloa ono ro rcp6v oorolv e[vat q nuelLr4 r<orA6qq 4 nieAoq.

npooop;royrlq

ovoyrrq

yuvorxefog nuetrou oe evdeXdpevl ru1-

oq. H yevrrq rorooreurl qq ovdprrqg nu6l,ou, Xoporqp((eror ono peyol0repo popog ror dyro ror ouvrl0urg no rUrpovrl oorLro UoprptirUoro. H yuvoLxe[o n/eAoq efuat nn

nAoren,nto pnxn, pe eupArepo avu

xoL

xoru oropto.ltrlv

288

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Etxtjvu 3-1. Ar0Lll ono epnpog rulv oorurv ovdprrrlg (A) r<or yuvotrerog (B) nuetrou. Irlpeurrore orL ro ovo oropro rrlg nu6trou (e(oodog) ervot eupurepo oq yuvotre[o nue],0 xot ort ri 1Bu<1 r<olropo (HK) elvot no],u eupurepl on'orL orlv ovdpLrrl nuetro. H 1BLrrl yutvio, oqv ropurp1 ouTnq qq

ropopog Bptorerot oro xorco or<po qg 1Brrflq ofprpuolq (I). Iqper6ore ro ptrpo noXog rou oorof oro troyovLo Bo0po 11poo0(o ogrg nu6trou oT1v KovovrKrl rqq 0eor1.

yuvorreiog nu6trou.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Erxrivo

3-.1

289

Aovavta 0Kponofn

npoooto ovo

iloVovrcl atKctveo

l'),lt'rt ActVovtoC E00pac

ActVavta

lA//.

npoooto Kdro)

^uDttoLlo

ActV0vt0 dKovo(l

QtostdtlC €ntOov€tcr

tol,to DXroKou ooTau noVovoKT€vrKo oyK(nflcl

AntaFn ovkt novovt0 0K0v0J OnloAto K0L0 noyat/tal 0Karv)[,

KL€vtot0 oKponoAtal np

Av(D nljtKoC Kno6oC 1,",1

6 t

t:e v

)

t, o u.)

c xo

K |

€ vI

loxr0Kn ctKclvoct En0aoev taxnKn:vtoL)t

teu0

tlDtKou ootoU

Apsnova€tdnC

Koto n'tKaC Kr'lo6oc

ot/o puf ...idL)r/a t n n t tot a c Etxtivo 3-2' Ano$r1

oro too rou Oeltou

vrotrrog. To ovorypo orou.

pan aeta

loxroKo KUprcdUct iJXtoKa)c'Knoda(

ovcuvupou 00r0u. IqpeLoore orL onore,\euor ono 3 rpq;ioro. Aoy0vr0, toXroro ror 4Brro ror eXer oX1po Be"Bevrotrtog" onoretrel 1 nrdpuyo rou ],oyrlvrou oorou, evdr n Qopdr0 IoBl rou oXrlporr(eror ono ro orlpo rou l$trou o-

290

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

).:::iKt) 0naQuatl

t(Dl-10

1l anov'unau

QrcsrciC

i€ pa

€nrQov€to

KUDTQLIO

npaoeto ovi novovto oKov0o

K€POC LOU KOKKUVO

EvKopato K€poC KjKKUVo HDtKn aupQuotl

Kapuqn tau

KApuqtl foLt I L)rkLtVO

Erxrivo 3-3.

^arK

Ae{ro ntroVro orlrt repou oorou ror rorruyo. B. lltroyro ogrl rou delrorj ovov0pou oorou rot rou rorruyo, nou 6e(yver orr oe ovoro ovr,l opLo rrlq 1Brr1g oulupuolg Bplorovrol oro ldro perornlo[o snirtsOo.

roptr<1 06oq 1 npooOro ovrrr troyovro orov0o rot

Erxtivo 3-4. llpoo0ronLo0[o orlvoyporp(o yuvorre[oq nue],0u. IrlgeLdlore qv eupelo qptrrl ropopo ror qpLr<1 yrrlvio roL r0 ysyovoq ort unopXeL opxerog orlpog oro opOo ror ro oLypoerddg r<6),ov nro novo, To BeIq de[Xvouv

qv lBtrn

ouptpuorl

(I), rrlv

Lepo-

Loyovto opOpoor1, rqv ovo enupovero qg ror[].49 (K) roL qv neprqdpero rou 0upoerdoug rp1porog (0). H retpoll rou p4prolou (M) op0prlveror Ue Tlv roru),1 qg ono(og brotpolverot ro ro[],0 o<porpLro oyqlro.

runrr4 ovdprrrl ror yuvorrelo nuetro nopor4podge on: 1) r1 ondorool pero[u ovcovulurrv oortilv elvor peyotr0repri oTq yuvoLxelo n[e],0, rorL nou oqel],eror oro peyotr0repo eupoq rou rep00 ooTou, yeyovoq nou e{1yei rr1 oXelro eupu-

repl

nuetro

rov

yuvorrdrv,

2) q onooroorl perol0

rorv

roXrordlv xupro;lororv eivar peyotrurepn oTrq yuvoixeg, troyur eupureplq rlprrrlg ropopog, 3) ro repov ooro oTrq yu-

voireg eivor potrlov enine6o, oupBdtrtrovroq 6ror orrlv ori[qoq rou ;reyriOoug rou ovul oroglou r4g nu6trou Kor r1q Dropdrpou rlg yevvrllrr;q od00 Kor 4) ro Oupoerd1 rpnUo-

e[vor orptlyyutro oroug ovdpeq ror ooerdq

olg

Keq. Ir0 neprooorepeg trenrogdpereg yro Trq oTqv KoTooKeurl Ellis (1983).

yuvoi-

drorpopdq

nuritrou pero[u rorv 6uo rputrorv

ptr.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

ANOPANOEIAHT

291

Erxrivu 3-5. 0r rdooepLg runor r4q oorelv1g nu6\ou. 0r A ror B elvoL r<orvoI oroug ovdpeg, evdr ouroI nou qolvovror oro I ror A onovrcirvror ouXvorepo orLq yuvokeg. A. AvOpornoerdlg nueLog (onovrorot oe peplrorjg ovdpeg roL

NAATYNYEAOEIAH'

oto 23ok neplnou rov yuvorr6v). lloporqpelore orr

npoooronlooro droperpog rou ovul oroplou rrlg nuetrou eivor peyoLureprl ono qv eyropoLo 0roperpo. B. ll}.orunuetroetdrlg n0etrog (oouvfi019 xor oro duo rputro). f. AvdpoeLOlg nueLog (onovroror oroug nsproooTspouq 0vdpeg ror oro

32o/o nspllt0u rov yuvorKdrv). Ilperdrore oro ovtrl oropto qg nudLou epcpovi(er ueyOtrn eyroporo dLoperpo, rlprrlg ro onlo0ro rplpo rou elvot orevo. A. Iu-

voLroeLdqg nuetrog (onovroror oro 43% nepinou Tov yu-

ANAPOEIAHE

voLr6v), Auro o runog nuetrou e[vor o nLo eupuXtrtpog ono poreurtrlg oflorllq. 0g er rourou yuvolreg pe rdroLo runo nu6Lou Dev ovlperoni.(ouv ouvrl0o.rq npoBtrrlporo roro rov rorero.

rYN AI KO EIAH'

A0,y'ovto

oKPOno()to

Alst<0v

lll€t:0v nustloC

Av0vuptl

taxtoKtl

vpotlt-rl

€ vtol-il1

Kar

u r)

a0)

po€tdna

At6otiKoC

npoa0tonioAto

t)ontlv0C n a0rlltvctC rau Alcock

6tot.rErpoc laxtoKa

loxto Kt1

KUpt

oKov0a

Av€dKu tpoC

QI-1O

EuAutoxtoKoa

nDeKtoc

fOU ND(I)KfOU

Eta cgtVKiltDoc tau npQKIOLI

r'irP/loa

Etrdvo 3-7. IXrlporrrrl UrTonroro 0roropl nuatrou, 0n0u Q0tvrTor Xtrlvoerdoug oX|porog drorppoylro Enoooev taxoKil svt

ol-il i

ro onolov oXrlporL(eror rov rorruyrro pu. l-loporlpeL.

nu6Lou,

ono rov ovetrrrflpo UU TOU npoKTou r<or ors 0Tr rl sloooov n0etroq (otrr1Or1q nuetrog) BpLoreror Koro ono ro snlnedo rqg ovrilvuprlg ypoppnq.To A unodrltrdver q trr1ru0o rou 0p000, q onoio oxoupno oro drotppoypo rqg nurltrou, oT0 on0r0 Kor oTlpr(eror.

llivoxog 3-1. K0preg drorpoprlg ;rerolu ovdprrlg xol yuvoLrelog nuel,ou, Avdprxq

Erxrivu 3-6. Xoporrqprolrdg runog yuvorrelog nue],ou onou olperdrvovTor rl npoo0ronlo0ro ror 1 eyroporo droperpog rou ovtrt orop[ou qg, 11

Iro B noporqpelore ol q eyxoporo DLoperpog nuetrou, elvor peyo],frepr1 ono rrlv npoooronioOto

eroodou rrlg nuetrou,

rou ovtrl oroplou dLouerpo rou.

fuvoneia

Ievlxrl rorooreurl

tloXLo xor popLo

AenTn Kor otrqppo

Koroquoerg ;rutirv

Eur<pLve[q

AooqeLg

Me[(ov nuetroq

Bo0Lo

E).oooov nueloq

Irevrl rot

Avo ordpLo nuetrou

IXrlgorog xopdrog

0oe106q

Koror oropLo nudtrou

IXenxoq prrpo

IXerLxo eupU

Ynonuetrurl ycov[o

Irevrl

Eupe[o

0upoet0dg rprlpo

ITpoyyutro

0oeLDdg

Kor0).11

lVeVoln

IVlrxpri

A0o0nS po0ero

EupeLo

ror oBo0rlg r1

orpoyyu),0

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

292

H eAfioouv nteAog pdq gero[u ovdpxrqg nct H otr4Orvrj nrietroq 6xet otq dvo 6pto ro ovtrl ordpto

eror q unap[r1 aver

nu6-

Lou xorqv ovrilvuprlypoUgn (ELx. 3-1, 3-4 rot3-7). To rorol rqg opro e(voL ro rorrrl oropto 11 e€odoq rrlq nudtrou, ro ono(o ono-

ffilv rtuelo oflorout oi(eror snl cuvohl*

rppoooerot

ord ro nueLtrd

bLotppoYUo,

nou onoretre(rot rupltrlg

ono rov ovetrrrrlpo UU TOU rpoKTou (Etr.3-7. BL rot Etx.2-29). To rdro rrlq dpto ovrtorotXe( odpd orn YpoUUrl nou ev6vet Trlv KOpuqn rou rdrruyo pe ro rortlrepo opto rrlg npLrrtq ofUtpuonq. H xoLA6t4ro nou nepfyerot oTnv eAaooovo nleAo efuu 4 nueAxtl

opoq xeia oa evdi

H pef(uv nieAog H tlteudnq n|,eAoq evronl(erot novto ono ro ovto oropto 1 e(oonu6trou Kot rrlv ovdrvuprlYpoUUn (Etx. 3-1, 3-4 roL 3-7). H roddrrlro rrlq onoretre( rUrlUo rnq xottrlog (BI. Etr. 2-29).

6o qg

xotAorqrc, q onofo nepteler ro nuetrtxo ontrulvo (n.X. qv oupoddXo rrjorrl). H nuetrrrrl xottrorrlro, XoUnI1 rot ruprrl, oXtlpori(et ro, retrrro, Xovoetd6g rpqpo rou r0roug u1g roLtrfog Kot oTlv ovoroptx4 0601 otp6qer0t rpoq ro eUnpoq rol xdro (Etr. 3-1 roL 3-4).

otYUoet-

To rorydrporo rrlq etrdooovog nu6trou (Etr. 3-1 6tr.tg

66q xotrov, Etx.3-4, ptr. enforlq Etr.2-26A). H Uei(trtvn[etrog otpo-

3-4). To on(oOto ro(Xtrlgo, oorpdrg porpfrepo ond ro npdoOto, oXrlgor((eror ono rrlv nuetrLrq, ro[trq, entrpoveto rou tepou ooto0 xot

H pe((trrv nrietroq nept6Xet xottrtoxd ontrdlvo (n.X.

pi(eror npoq ro epnpog onci ro npooOto rottrtoxd rofXogo, oro ntrdyro ono rouq troyovtouq Bo0pouq Kot rpoq ro n[otri ono rov 5o ooquiro (05) xot rov 1o tepo (ll) onovdutro.

rou rorruyo. To npoo0to ro[Xtrtlto oXqporf(erot ono qv lBtrrt oUUQuorl, TO otiruo rou rlBLxou ooro0 ro069 rot rouq rtrddouq rou. To

M€ooc vnouuciloc Ltuc

M€ilov toxtoKo Lpnlt0

Oupo€t6€C v€upo

l€ Don

ovavt oC auvO EoLta

n€pttovto rou

4Jatfu

OupostoDC nspuovto

MsilDv toxtotspac HBtKn

auv6€oLtoC

ouLt,uarl

#jd ir+:.i

,j?:

oaaov toxto Ko

ptoJ|lo

0upo€6tic uLr€voc Ko l-to pto

oC a u v6

TnC

a Lt o

tiBtlC

M€vonoc vnouuetoc Lruc lan0Ka KUpuap(l

Erxrivo 3-8. Avoropil oordv

rol

ouvOeopolv rou

o0to o(r1 ovrlororXo,rtrlv ouvdtloptrtv rrlq nu6trou.

rotltitporoq yuvolretog nue,\ou . A. Ae[Lo 0q]l rr1q sI0000voq nuetrou, B xot f. tlpoo0to rot on[-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

293

EVKopoto onoQuan O5 anav5unou

AoVAvto oKponoAto

OaOu orloyavtoC

ouvo€oltoc npoa0taC tspan0VavtaC auv6€aLtaC

npoo?n ove noyovtl oKovao

npoa]to Kor(') rl0vavto oKov00 M€taov tanoKo tptll-to n pooAt

oC ts poK oKKU

Kac

aLtv6€aLro(

M€ia,v Kat €noootv toxoitpoc ouv6€ot-toc KsOonh pnptoiau (o op)ptKoC 0unoKoC €xst oOotp€0€i)

^0yavopnprKoC au vds o l-toc HAaLil) ptKoC

ouv6€ottoc Oupost6nc uLt€voc

{-{?Ntt0,)

OaOu

rl0vavtoc au

v6€ a]

toc

EnoKov0toC

ouv6sattoc

Onta0toC

rsponoYavlo( auv6€auac

Onta1to ov0 n0Vavto

oKov00

Mataov taxnKa tpn Lto

Antoercc tspoKaKKUVtKoc

ouv6soltoc loxtol[tptKoC ouv6€ ol t oc

llr,,,r,-,,, I , -," ,.,. . r,!d. r,,.

Enoaaov

toxto Ko

Mstak)v

tpril-to

lOXtOi€ pOC

auv6soLtoc

r Errrivo 3-8. B-l-.

.',

294

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

nloyr0 rorxoU0r0 oxlUori(ovror 0no T0 nuetrrKo rpnU0 rou loyo(Err.

3-i, 3-4 eoq 3-7). H et-

oodog 14g nutAou epqovi(er norxltrq Uoprpotroyio, ro06q 6roqopdg tputrou tputrfq 6rorpoqlq, enqpeo(ouv ro oXrlpo rqg.'EXer oX11.ro

ropbroq oroug ovOpeq xor oe peprreg yuvo[reg. Zrq neptooorept,c yuvokeq rc ovotylto 0ur0 etvlt tupurepl ano xe(vo Tav 0vpe oloerdq 1 rurtrrrq neprpepero. H e ioo6oq qg nu5trou ptrpoiver ono qv npoBotrrl rou oxporrlpiou rou repou oorou. H neprpepero rou ovolyporog opi(eror ono qv ovrrrvupq q retrtr1 ypop-

dptiv

Urt H ypoUUrt ouq oxlUol(eror ono pio Ioll or<potrotpto oTlv e00) enrqovero rou ),oyovlou ooro0 (roloe16ls VpoUUl). q ono[o ouveX[(eror ror novo oro lpLro ooro (1prr1 ror rrevro[o oxpotrorpto). H retrr11 ypo1r1u1 rdtrog onoretre[ ro ror6repo opLo rou troyovLou Bo-

rlv Ueudrl ono qv otr10rv1 n0etro. To xdrtrl or6pro rqg nudAou (ELr. 3-1 doq 3-3,

0pou ror Xropi(eL

3-B roL

3-53). H elodoq rrlg nuetrou epqov[(eL ovtirpotrl nsprqep0r0, K0Orirg otpopi(ercr [poq ro n[oo.r ono ro repo ooro rol rov xdxruyo. rpog T0 epnpoq ono qv lprrq ouptpuol Kor oT0 ntroyro ono ro roXroro rupr6poro. To enlnedo ourou rou ovo[yporog oXqpori(er yov[o 100-150 Ue ro opr(ovrro enlnebo, irov 1 nuetrog BpLoreror oe ovoroprrrl 06oq. H pe[(o.rv r<or q e],ooorr-rv roXrorrl evropl perorpsnovTor oe pel(ov xor etroooov roXroro rplpo pe rov pe((ovo roL otroooovo toXroiepo ouvdeopo, ovrfororXo, or ono[or errslvovror perolu rou repou ooroI ror rou rorruyo ono q pio pepro K0r rov toXlor6v rupropororv (ror roXrortlv orov0rirv) ono 11v otrlq (Err.

3-8). 0r ouvDeopor ouroi b(vouv oqv 6(o6o rqg nu5trou nproUoTrKII UOpQrl l-loporlp[ore rrlv lprrq ropopo olg elrove g 3-1, 3-4 rot 3-B xor olpe16ore orr 1 1prr1 yov[o elvor prrpq oroug ovbpeg ror peyotrrl orLq yLVorKrq. 0r 6roorooerg rou dvro oropiou r4g nuetrou r1 eroonudtrou unotroy[(ovror ono rov poreuulpo roro rqv dropreLo yuvorxotroyLxrlq eleroorlg (Err. 3-6). H npoo1tonfu9n \ta1erpog rou oropiou noproro qv onoorooq per0{u rqg peooqrog rou dvtrr Xeitroug rqg 4BLrrlg oulrrpuonq Kor rrlg peoorqroq Tou oKpoTrlp(ou. H eyxapon dnDou

rov dlop6rptov tqg nu6trou gnope( vo yfver rot

orrtvoLoyrrd, onulg rpolveror orrlv errovo 3-4. Kotrq erro-

vtou K0. T0u .o^r0h0L 00TOU.

To dvtrr o16pro rqg nu6trou

troyropoq

perplq rou oropliou e[vor 1 Ueyolurepn ror ovrtorolXe( oqv ondorooq perol0 Tov rro onogorpuo;rdvrrlv perolu roug orlpe[tov rorv duo retrrxtilv ypoUUtirv. H Ao{4 6L61tt-

vo rou oXqporoq Kor rnq 06019 rou repou oorou pnopeI vo

6ooer

Unldtplon

rtriorlg rou repou ooro0, rord

rr1

6ropxero yuvoLr<otroytrrlg el6rooqq. 0L roXLor<69 orovOeg pnopo0v enfoqg vo qrntroQl0oriv, roro rr1 droprelo rotrnr-

rqq eleroorlg xot vo e rlprl0ei q npopotrrl roug

;.16oo

orqv

etroooovo nuetro. lro vo nepooet ro rlpppuo ono ro ovo oropro rqg nu6trou, rrlv etroooovo n0etro, rov rpoXqtro, rov xoLno xot rqv e[odo rqg nuetrou (Err. 3-34), npener vo xover orpogrl oXedov 90o. H yuvawoe64q yuvotxe[a nAeAoq (Err. 3-5A) epqov[(er eupu, orpoyyutrd ovril orogto, eupeio

qprul ropopo xor peydtr1 ondoroorl pero[u roXroxtirv 0K0v0rrlv. Aurog o yuvorre[og r0nog nu6trou e[vor o nro ouvrlOrop5vog, otrtro ror o ntr6ov eupuXtrlpog ond goreurLrrlg onoqrlg. H oorctv4 nleAog e[vot ov1exuxr1, oxolto Kor oe ne-

pmrboeq

oXETtKo ooBapol rpoupottopo1. Koroyporo

rqg oorSrvrlg nuetrou ougpo(vouv lrovo oe pLoLoug xoL pope[g rpoupologouq (n.X. oe rpoXofo oruxnUoro). H ntroyr0 l,roipo rorv ovovulrrrrv oordlv e[voL r'] LoXup6tepl. A6ve ouvrlSoq yro T0uq rltrrrrorpdvoug ovOp6noug orL "6neoe xr

tonooe rr1 trerovrl rou". Iuvq0og ro roroypo dev oqopo orrlv trerovr1, otrtro orov ouXevo rou gqproiou. Ao0evq o1peio

nu6trou elvor ro orotrou0o: 1) q Lepotroyovlo po(-

po, 2) oL nr6puyeg rou troyovtou ooro[ ror 3) o rtrodog rou qprxo0 oorou. To roroy;.roro qg nu5trou oqv lpoOupoeLdq neproXl elvor oXerrro ouXvo

r<or

nopouoro(0uv ou-

Xv6g enrntroreg, oov ouvenero rqg orev1g oX6orlg Trlg ne-

proXrlg pe

oupo6oXo ruorq. l-lpoo0ton(oOro oupn(eor1

rrlq nudtrou ouppo(ver roro ro "nreorrro oruXqgoro" (n.X. orov evo popu ovlreipevo n6qret novo oqv n0etro). Aurof rou eldoug ro oruXqpo odqyei oe xaroypa rou xAa\ou rou 4BwoA 0orc0.'}tou q nf etrog oupnreore( ono ro ntroyro, or rorftreq Kor r0 troydvro ooro ougnrd(ovror ro evo novo oro otrtr0, pe nr0ovrl rorotrq[q roroy;ro. Opropevo roroyporo rrlg nuetrou oEefiovror orrlv onoporpuvon rtJV oortlv, oov ouv6nero r4g dpdorlg rrrlv LoXuprrlv, pero(u nuel,ou

r<or

onovbutrrr4g

oqlqg,

ouvdeopolv roL po),roro

ere(vov nou evroXuouv rrg Lepotroyovreg op0prrloerq (Err. 3-8 ror 3-9).

onoorooq perolu troyovorrevrroI oyr<tirUotoq Kor rrlg ovrl0eqq repotroydvrog dp0ptooqg (Err. 31A xor 3-2). H eyxapoLo \Lo7erpoq rou ro0pou (peooo-

npoxoLeoer

rovOrrrl onooroorl gero{u rotv LoXror<rirv oxov0trtv) 6ev e(vot 6uvorov vo perpq0e(, pnope( dptrtg vo unotroyro0eI pre-

rtrodtrlv, 2) nL0ovo rpoUgo rorutrlg xor 3) perorivnon Keqotrrlq gr;pLoiou, 6ro peoou rrlg rorutrrlg peoo oqv stroooo-

ro $q),oqqoq rou el,oooovoq roxroiep00 ouvddopou, xord rrlv yuvorrotroyLx4 e{drooq (ELr. 3-68). To pflr<og ourof rou ouvdtloprou roouror pe ro pLoo nepinou rrlg drop6rpou

vo nuetro, dnou o

ourrlq.

0r rolrox6g rixuv8eg pnopouv vo onoretreoouv epnddro orrl d[o6o rou epppuou roro rov roxero, eov 1

rot ro oord ono ro ono(o npo6pXeror (Err. 5-3), 11 vo onooXtorofv ro opro qg" To roroyporo qg nudtrou ouXvo enrntr6rovror, ono rov rpouporLo;ro nuetrrrdlv ontroXvov (n.X.

onooroorl Uerotu rouq elvor urrporepl ono 9,5 ex. 0 uno-

pnEn

rpog noproro

H nr6oq novu oru nodn 4 orq Aexov4 pnopel vo

nopordrtr.r rpo[poro:

r<(vduvoq

ontroXvrrrv eivor peyotroq.

oupoddXou rforqg).

rlBrrdlv

rprionq rotv evdonueLlr6v

Ie oropo rdro

rorutr1 gnopeI vo onooer oe rp(o

1) rdroypo

17 er6v, roppolo (ELr. 5-3), 6oo rtr.rv

NYEAOE KAI NEPINEO

Ot orivdeopot trterc\i nuLAou xor onov6uArx4g or4A4g Ta rplporo

oorervrlg nuetrou ouvdeovror pero(u roug ge LoXupoug ouvdSopoug (ELr. 3-8, 3-g ror 3-1g) To troyovLo ooro

ouvdeerol pe rov 5o oorpuir<o onovduio, dro rou ootpuotroyovLou ouvdrlopou, evot ro repo ooro ouvd6er0r Us T0 LoXroxo pe rov pe[_ (ovo r<or rov etroooovo roXroiepo ouvdeopo. 0r per(ov ror etrooorov roXroiepoI ouvdeopor evrivouv

pnodr(ouv

ro roXroro pe ro repo ooro ror

no_

on[o0ro orporpq rou rort.r orpou rou retre uro[ou. Entoqg, pe rr1 ouyrpornorl TOU on[o0rou rprlporog rou repou oorou pe

vror orlv ovo pdorl pofpo rou toXrorou ruprolporog ror orq ouve_ Xero erre[vovror oe otrcl<trqpr1 rq peorl gorpo rou.

0 etr6ooov rolroiep6g orivdeopog (Err.

ono roro, onorpenouv rr1 oupnleoq ono ro oogorrro Bopog rou npoo0tou rplporog rou oorou, orrl 06o1 rov repotroyovrrrtv ouvbe_

0 ooguoAoy6vlog oriv6eopoq (ELr. 3-gB ror l-). O roXu_ pog ourog, rplyrrtvog ouvdeopog errelveror pero[u rou or<pou r4g eyxopong anorpuorlg rou 0S onovdtliou (r<onore Kor rou 04) rat rrlq Aoyovnq onlQuong nplq To niou. H roro poipo rou ouvde_ opou npooqueTor oTrlv ntroyro porpo rou repo0 oororj, oXqgol(o_ vTog roy nAoyto oorpuottpo o1vdeopo.0r oorpuotroyovtor ouvde_ opor e lvot orlpovrrrof, drorL neprop((ouv rr1 orpotpl rou 05 onovdurol evroXuouv rrg op0pLr<e g onoquoerg rou onovdutrou, epnodr(ovrog 6ror rrlv npoo0to Dtotrro0r1or1 rou 05 no_

trou novtr-r oro repo ooro vor

oro repo ooro.

0 pef(ov rolroiep6g orivdeopog (Err. 3-B ror 3_19). 0 o0vbeopog ourog erre[veror pero[u repou oorou ror roXrorou ruprorporog. Egrpovi(er eupeio npoorpuorl oT1 poXLoLo enrqovero rou Lepo0 oorou ror rou rorruyo Kor rrlq on(o0rog ovo troyovrog orov_ 0og. 0r lveg rou q6povror npoq r0 n),oyLo ror roro ror rorotpuo-

Mâ&#x201A;Źooarsu tspon1vowal

3_6 roL 3_B).

Aurog o trenrog rpiyrrtvog ouvdeopog errelverot ono ro n),oyro Xertrq rou repoI oorou Kor TOU KOKKUyo oq Tlv roXrorrl orovOo. llpog ro epnpog epXeror oe oXeorl Ue Tov roxroKOrruytro (q ror<_ ruyrro) 0r repotroy6vrol orlvdeopor (Err. 3-1, 3_4, 3_B rot 3_9).

pu.

To Lepo ooro Bplore ror "orplvrrtprlvo" perolu rov ovtilvuptrtv oororv x0t rporrerol orq 0eoq TOU Ue TOUq roXupoug peoooreoug ror re_ potroyovroug ouvDeopoug. 0r ouvdeopoL ouroi ovotruovror go(i pe

rrg Lepotroyovreg op0prrtoetg.

o1rov. l-lop'otro ouro or ouvbeogor ourol - pei(ov roL etroooov roXLoiepog - enrrpenouv ronorou po0pou xrv4rrrorrlro rou repou oorou, dror o-rore 1 neploXl vo eprpovi(eL oroOeporqro orov (orp_ vLxo oorl0ouv geyotreq nleoelg orrl onovdutrrrrl orqlrl (n.X. orov reqrouUs ono urfog novot oro nodro pog).

295

0r orlvdeopor perolu nudtrou ror onovdu),rrrig

orrl_

trqg Xotroprrlvouv roro dropr<ero qg ru4or1g, enupenovrog 6ror peyotrurepq etreu0epio rrvqoeov pero{u rqg ro_

rtirrepqg gorpog rqg onovdutru<r1g orqlrlg Kor Tlq etroooovog nuelou. EnLnleov n lprKn o0prpuoq lotropdrver e{or_ riog r4g oppovrlq petrolivrl, pe onor6treopo rq orlgovrLxrl oriElon rqg onooroorig peto{r1 rov qBLxdrv ooro:v. 0r otrtro_ y6g ourdg dreuxo),uvouv rq dio6o rou egBpuou ono rq yevvqrrrrl odo xoro rov rorero.

Ap0p6oers r4q nufAou 0r opOpr,toe Lq 11g nue),ou ne prtroppovouv rLg oorpuoiepeg op_ 0priroerg, Tt'lv rspoKoKKUyrrl opOpooq, rLg repotroyovreg op0pdrotrq

Kor

rrlv qprrq ou1lpuo1.

Or ooguolepig ap0pfoery Mero[u rou 5ou oorpuirou rot 1ou repou onovdutrou oXrl;rorf(ovror duo op0prrtoerg: 1) npog to epnpog perolu rtrrv onovdu),r_ rdlv otoporov (oprpLop0ptool) ge nopeppotrrl rou peooonovDu),rou dLorou (Err. 3-8) xoL 2) npog ro n[oo-r perolu ro.rv op0prrdrv rouq onotpIoeov (peooonovdutrreg DLop0pdroerg). 0 05/ll peooonovdutrrog diorog riler oXrlpo oqrlvoq, nou oqe[],eror 0Trlv n0XUreprl npoo0ro profpo rou. Irrg opOprreq onoq0oerg rov onov6ritrrov (ptr, Etx. 4-27) or op0priloerg oXlporr(ovroL pero[u rolv rorovrerg op_ 0plrdlv entqoverov rou 05 rol rov 0vovTerq op0prrdrv enrrpove ro.rv rou l1 onovd0trou.

rou ll orpeqovror npoq ro nloo ror e_ rov rpono vo onoqeuyeror q 6rotrLooqo1 rou 05 onovd0trou npoq r0 epnpoq. 0 05 onovdutrog ouvroooeror Ue ro troyovro ror ro repo ooro, pe rr1 Borl0ero rolv roXupdrv oorpuotroyo_ vurtv ouvdeopov (Err. 3-BB ror t). 0L opOprreq enrqovereg

otrr, rirore pe ourov

Etxtivu

3-9.

EyropoLo roprl rotv repo),oy6vulv opOpcloeov onou qorvo-

vrot or roXupoI peoooreor tepotroyovrot ouvdeopor. To repd ooro "oLtrlpe uot' perolu rov ovov0pov oor6v pe rrlv Borl0ero our6v rtrlv e[orpeuro LoXuprilv peoooreorv ouvdeopotv ro0otg roL rorv repotroyov[rrlv

Eupey60erq eyxoporeq onoqfoerg rou 05 onov0utrou onoreLouv ouXvo e0prlgo (Erx" 3-20) ror nr0ovororo evroXliouv, nopd eloo0evi(ouv rrlv oorpuoiepl op0prrlorl. H

ouvdeopotv (8tr. err<ovo 3-8).

onovdutrritruo4 e[vor noOotroytrl rorooroorl, 1 ono[o cno-

296

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

vror0r ouwlBr0q, mnv Kor6repl t0olpl]il![,u0,rp:0 rnq onoY: OuArxqg a-qlnq, oe nooooro nepmoq 5% rroy,Ieqrtitv :eyq-,',::: \[xrrlv BopeLoo;reptrovti:v.

optop6veg qutreg (n.X. Eoxt-

ro[ou orqv neproXrl pero[rj ovo xot roro op0ptx6v onoAprpolep-rlqleqpq €[I9iUgq,,0'u]vbldy.e'r0i.!,1qXt'lgf;,1 opo rou onovdul,ou oe 6uo roliporLo (ptr. Etx. 4-38). Erp ci-

oov ro duo roprl-rorro 0tt0X0JproTouv:

[000tr0YtKrl roro-

[i004o4.

mooq tlo0:t0r]U1oub$tiqair rovollg(eto1,.,ungvnu],g.

uqro;l{n1on,.!ori,'.[g{o0r.,out ,rxp,ggo.irgr6:;1tb,,u1,,:,50u gotlrllkou onovduhou eXei oov onoretreopo rqv etronoorl Trlq npo: oOronio0rog dLoperpou rou ovtrl oropiou

nuetrou ror

:,1,le1$*iq$v0i0\V'4,0UU'U,npftoa;{Fq,Pt.e0{ti,'ru1o ;,1,

19,i1

10K9;,

l.1.'lrcl..:liior$0..il.,ii0iruin0ciJ. .0iirdvXofqitihrf dngVnU l ol!o e t o n onorefei dorrgooro poulvoq roL yiverot ue qrrlloqn0n rtrv

--'''.

0 rolupoq op0prroq 00troroq, npoorpueror rovro orrg op0prr5g enrqovereg rou repou Kor rou troyovrou oorou. To repo ooro "oulpelror" pero[u rtrlv ],oyovrtrlv oorurv ror ro ooro 0uyKp0-

vrrrv 0ororv.

Uoor) n ouXvorqro rrlq e[vor peyotr0repr1. Irrlv onovdutrotruor1 ro npoptrqgo dV4e1rO1 i0e,,{trIr!UF,q: T:Qu::,on010,u,\grq61., gu oetrlv.

vereq ouTsq epqovi(ouv ovrirgotreg npooerpotreq ror eppoOuvoetg, ge onordtreopo ronorou poOpou orrvrlrono[1or1 rov ouvrooooptl-

v.1.,.rogq'yOultrtv H

t:.,l:O*av0----1t,$nOE,ll,o€o:I..,t,ltl1l' ',',,:ewg$ifi ti.4or$bint!n$iig{$syp{qe.ou.('.4n0r"'tgrlg:,iou05uno,

l fintdiql*1llii0$ytt.llltigtiyn$,!,l.logs, tg;tret1npdi,i Tou npd. :,00r!0!,'.r(0,pgoffQ,0 i!:uitr0iqlibnqv$Ioqr;,,(o0.1,{,s,'txtll qq onovbutrrrrlg orrltrr1q novol ono ourov (ptr. Em. 4-39). H enrBeBoiooq rnq droyvoronq, rogtirq xot n Uerpnon rnq flp0ogronro0toq drogerpou rou ovrrr nuetrtrou orop[ou. yiverot pe rr1 porl0ero oxlvoyporpuilv. H onovdutrotruorl Kot n onov-

6utrotrro0qoq ovoLuovror enloqg oro rerpotroro rnq poxnq

(BI. Keq. 4).

ro0vror pero[u roug pe rov preooorr0 Kor rov on[oOLo repo],oyovto o0vdeopo (Err. 3-B ror 3-9). AuroI elvor oL roXuporepor o0vdeopoL

rou ovOptinrvou orirporog (Err. 3-B r0r 30).

Or peo6oreor repotroy6vror oUv6eopor (Etr. 3-B rot oL oupnoye[q, e(orperLro roXupoI o0vbeopot, rorotroppovouv ro broorrlpro pero[0 repou rot troyovtou ruprtilporog. Anoretrouvror ono ppoXeieq, roXup5q Deopideq tv6v, ot ono[eg dtontr6-

3-9). Auror

KovTor Ur beogrdeq

Or onioOror (polroior) repotroy6vrot otivdeopot (Err. 3-8, ptr. enrolq Err. 4-21). 0L ouvdeopor ouroI onore].ouvror ono: 1 ) roXup6g, ppoleLeg, tro[5q deopideg, nou erre[vovror UtTolu troyovtou ooro0 rol nptlrou ror deurepou oyrdlporog rrlq ntroyroq repnq orpotrorplog ror 2) porpeq rororopuqeg deopldeg nou

errelvovrol pero[u rplrou Kor r0T0pT0u oyKoU0r0q rqg ntroytoq replq orpotrorploq ror rorv onloOrrrrv ],oyovurrv ornv0tilv. 0t ouvdeo1-ror

ouro[ brontrerovror Kor Ue rouq pei(oveq roXroLepoug ouvde-

ououq.

Or np6o0ror (xortrroxoi) repotroy6vror orivdeopor (Err. 3-8). IXlporr(ovroL ono evo trenro, nLoru orptirlro eyxopourrv rvrlv, pp(orovTor oTrlv npoo0ro ror roro potpo qg repotroyovrog

H repoxoxxuymrl 6p0 puo4

opOptr.rolq

ror ro),unrouv rrlv rortrLorl enrqovero

l-lotru ouXvo, pero

H repororruylrl op0ptrrorl evroXueror ono rvri6rl lovdpo rot ouvOeopoug roL oXlpor[(eror pero[u rqq roputptlg rou tepo0 oorou

ror

qg poolq rou rorruyo.

Avopeoo orrg ouvrooooUeveq oursq e-

nrqovereg nopeppotrtreror dvog trenrog rvoXovbprvog peooonovdutrroq

diorog (Err. 3-8A) U Lepoxoxr<uytxo[ ouvdtolLor

ovTroTOrxouv

orov npoo0ro ror onloOro enrprlrq ouvDeopo rorv unotrornov Ueooonovdu),urrv op0ptloeov (Etr. 3-BB, ptr. enrolq Err. 4-30). To 16p0T0 TOU roxruyo ouvdeovror eniolq pdoo ouvdeopulv pe ro repo

r6poro (ptr. Etx. 4-218). MeXpr rr1 gdoq 1trrrfo enLrpeneror plo erou rorruyo oro enlnedo Tlq repoKOKKUyLrlg op0pooqq npoq r0 nloor roro qv oqodeuol, ev6 olpovrLrl elvoL 1 peroronrol rou rorruyo roro q droprero rou rorerou. Ie geprro oropto, o rorruyog rrve[ror etre[Oepo ror 1 op0proorl nou oXlgori(eL pe ro Lepo ooro e[vor rou runou rqg 6rop0poolg (Williams et

trorppLo t<rvr1o1

al, 1 989).

Iro

rou on[o0rou repotroyovrou ouvbeopou, ouvde-

opoq noXuq ror oroOepoq, o ono[og evroXuer neprooorepo Tov Ueooorso orivdeopo.

qtrLrrorpevo 0TOU0, T0 0uvT000oUevo ooro Tnq repo-

rorruyrxlg opOptoolq ouvl0og ouvoore6vovr0r

K0r rl

op0pool e-

pepLr1 1 xor ntrqpqg ooreonolqoq

rov ouv6eopurv our6v.

0r ootpuotroyovror o0vdeopor, xoOtirg

r<oL

or pe[(oveg ror etroo-

ooveq roXLoiepoI or-rvdeopor (Err. 3-8), or ono[or dXouv tpOel,

op0poonq.

ro nevrrlxooro 6ro9 rqg 1trrnog nopoqpelror

onore],00v enrrouprro0g ouvddopoug

rov

11d1

nepryp0-

repotroyovttr-rv op-

0ptrroeov. 0r op0priroerg our6g rotrunrovror ono n[oo ono Trq UUireg po(eg Tou rrpovoTrolou xor rou geL(ovog ytrourLolou UuoS (BI.

Ew.4-421. To evruntirporo rou Depporog, roro ono ro ono(o evron[(ovror ot on[o0reg ovro troyovLeg orovOeg, ovlororXo0v orrl peoorrlT0 Ttrv repoLoyovurrv opOptloeov

(pI. Err. 2-86).

Ap6oq xor xrv{oerq rtov repotroy6vrov op0prioerov. 0r op8prloerg our6g efvor toyupeq dnp1po-olttpnp1p6oeLg, 0rovovroro en(nedeq. ALorp6pouv ono rrg runlreg dropOpriroerg roro ro orr dXouv notru nepropropdvl rrvlrrrorrpo. To yeyovog ouro rrq ro0roro oro0epdg ror oXer[(eror pre rq treuoupylo roug, 1 ono[o ouv[oroTor 0Trl geroqopo rou geyotrurepou pdpoug rou Bopouq TOU orirporog oro roXloxo ooro (ptr. Err. 4-3). Enerbl or ouvroooopeveg op0prreq enupovereg rou repou Kor TOU troyovrou ooro0 efvor ovrirpotreg, eqoppo(ouv oorpotrtlq q pto orqv otrtr1 roL dev e[op0prrlvovror e0rotro. Aurou rou e(6oug

rrlv rool rov ouvdeopurv nou evroXuouv

0r repotroyovreq op0ptrloerq e[vor roXup6g dLop0po-oUcltop0p6oerg ror oXrlporr(ovror perol0 rorv op0prr6v entqovtttrrv rou repou ror rou troyovrou oorou (Etr. 3-1 6oq 3-4 rot 4-B). 0t enLqo-

rov

Lepotroyovurrv op0priloeov neprop[(eror

6Loro[q etrorrtirver

op0prrrol H

r(v1or'1

oe evo onotro

ytr(-

oTplU0 ror etrotppo orpoqn, pe elorpeol rqv nep[nroroq roro rqv

onolo ooreiroL roxupr'l 6uvo1u1 orrlv neproXrl, onog oupBoLver roro

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

rnv nTd)orl 0n0 uqroq. Iqv neplnroorl ourl 1 duvoprl peroqeperor p6oo 11g onovdutrLrqg orrllqg oro ovto orpo rou repou ooro0, ro ono[o re[ver vo orpoqe( np0q r0 epnpog. H orporprl ourq ovrrpponeiror ono rLg otrtrltroouvdeopeveg opOpr169 enupovereg rr1q 0pOptoolq Kor Touq roXupoug ouvDeopoug nou rnv evroXuouv, r6(oq ono roug roXupouq gei(oveg ror el,ooooveg roXroiepoug ouvd6-

opoug (Erx. 3-B). Me ourdv rov rpono or duvoperg nou oorouvror peroqdpovror oro troydvro ooro ror oro roror orpo.

Apr4pieq rov repoAoy6vrrov op0pdroetov 0t opqp(eq or onoleg drovrlpovror orrg

(ELr. 3-24).

opOprrloetg our6g ervor

rtrodor rqq ovo yl,ourro[og, rrlg oorpuotroyovrog ror p4q opqpiog.

ntroyrog re-

Neripooq rorv repoAoy6vtrov op0priloeov (Err. 316). To veuplr<o ntrrlygoro rov op0pritoeolv our6v npoepXovror ono ro ovrrl ytrourtO[o veupo, ro repO ntr6y;ro Kor Touq On(ooroug rtrodoug rou 1ou xol 2ou repou veupou.

297

ror oulovouv rr1 droperpo qg nuetrrrrlg roilorqrog dreurotr0vorrl d(odo rou eppp0ou roro rov rorero (Err. 3-6). H opOprrq

vToq

enrqoveto ro0e 4pLro0 ooro0 qdpet ovdrpotreg eooX6g ror npoe[oXeg (Err. 3-2), nou olroq erpoppo(ouv onotruro oe ovriororXo goptprirgoro

r4g ovrlOerqg enrqoveLog, eror drore vo oXrlporr(eror pio

or6peq, LoXuprl op0poor1. 0r ouvbeopor, Us T0uq onoioug ouvdrlovror ro qpLxo ooro, epoqv ovrrr r<or roro po[po rouq noXuvoerg, or ono(eg oXqgorr(ouv tou ovu rlBLxo olvdeopo Kor roy xaru rlpxo r7 xapopuro

rpovi(ouv

olvdeolto Tn; nPnS, ovrlororXo (ELr. 3-8, 3-34 ror 3-55). 0 ovrlr tlprxog o0vdeopog ouvdeer lg dvrrr nrSpuyeg rou riprrou oorou, qepopevog roro prlrog rqg ovtrr enrqoveLog roug. Errerver0r npoq ro ntrdyro Udxpr ro lprro quporo. 0 xapapuroq, olvdeopoq r4g 11B4g onoretreL dvo noX[ rvdrbeq ro[0, ro ono(o (1 ) ouvdrler ro xorol Xe(tr1 rrlg op0prrtorlg, (2) orpoyyutreuer qv rlprrrl ytrtvro ror (3) oXqpori(er ro ovo opLo qq lprrqg ropopoq. 0L drontrerogevsq revovleg lveg rou opOou ror],rorou rol rou e[o tro[00 rodloxou puog, evroXuouv oropo neprooorepo rr;v op0poorl ono egnpog

(pL Err. 2-6).

To rorytitporo rng

nui[ou

To rorXtlporo rqq nuetrrrqg rortrdrrpog onorel,ouvror ono: 1) enrnotrrlg pueg, 2) ro ovtilvupo ooro, ro repo ooro ror rov r6rruy0, ro0drq Kor T0uq ouvodoug roug ouvdeoprouq Kor 3) ev rul Bo0et

p[eg,

orlLorpopo oyyeio, ve0po, treprpoyyelo ror nepuovoro. lto neprypoqrro0g troyouq or4v nuetro drorplvoupre npoo0ro, on(ogro ror

ntroyro rorXrirpoTo Kor ro 66oqog rrlg nuetrou.

To np6o0to nueNx6 rofyulto olqpori(eror oe roOe ntreupo, ono 1) ro otirpo rou lprrou oorou Kor Touq buo rtrodoug rou, ovo ror rorol, or ono[or erre[vovrol [poq T0 ntroyro 6oq ro otir;lo ror rov rtrodo rou LoXrorou oorou ror 2) rov eoor Oupoerd4 UU Kor Trlv nepuovio rou (ELr. 3-1, 3-2, 3-8 roL 3-10). H qgrrrl ouptpuorl onoTo npooOro ro[Xrrtlro rqg nu6trou

reLeI oqpovrtro rpqpo rou npoo0rou nuetrrrou rorXdrporog.

H 4Brx4 oiuquoq

Ta nAfiyro nuehKd rorytitporo rotrunrouv rq peyotrurepl enrqovero rorXtrtporov ourdrv (Err.3-7 xor 3-10 eulg 3-12). H ovrirrepr; po(po roug, rovro orqv ovrirvupo ypoUUl, rotrUnrerol ono qv nue0L eoto 0upoer6eig pUeg

H qprrq ou;rtpuorl pp(oreror oq peorl ypopUrl ror onoreLei dtop0po-oprprdp0poorl perolu rtrrv ovo rtrodtrlv rov drio qBrrulv

rov

oordrv (ELx.3-1, 3-2,3-4 ror3-BB). KoOe opOprrrl enLrpovero rotru-

trrr4 nepuovl0. llpog ro 6oo: ro0e 0upoer6oug puog ogrporepontreupo, nopeuovrol ro 0upoer6eg veupo, ro 0upoerdrl oyye(o ro0drg ror rtrodor rqq eoor troyovrog oprrlp(og. 0 6oo 0upoeLdnq UuS el6pXeror ono rqv nuetro p6oo ono ro etroooov roXLor<o tprlpo xot or lveg rou;leropo[vouv oe revovro, o ono(og roroquerol oro pe((ovo rpoXovrrlpo rou pqprolou oorou (Err. 3-B ror 3-12). H 6xrpuor1, q veupororl roL or ev6pyereg rou 6oo 0upoerdo0g Uuoq Qorvovror oTov ll(voro 3-2.

nreror ono trenro uotroet6l Xovdpo, evdr pero{0 roug nopeppotrtretor eupey60qq rvoXovdprvog dbxoc, (peoorlBxog dbxoq) (ELr. 314). 0 0ioxoq ourog ouvl0og efvor noXurepoq oTrq yuvoireg on'oTt oT0uq ovdpeg ror nepreXer oXLopoe Lbrl

ror),oqro, eniorlg peyotrurepl orrg yuvolreq, rrlg onolog ro peye0oq ou[overor roro r4v r0qoq. Aur6q ot dnqopeq ruv d1o EAAuv or4v KoTolKeun Tlu peoo4BxoA d[oxou ewpenouv ;leyo],urepr1 nvllroqro rorv oor6v

298

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Io 56ogoq r4g nuiAou

To onfo?to nueilx6 rofyutrta To ro[Xtrrlro ouro oxnUorr(eror ono to tepo ooro, ro rgtlgoro rou troyovrou oorou nou ouvddovror Ue ouro ror rtg tepotroyovteq opOptr-roerq Ue T0uq ouvd6o;roug roug. 0r onroer6eig pfeg enev60ouv lg nLoyreq Uo(peq rou on[o0tou rotXtirgorog (Etr. 3-10 roL 313 eog 3-15).0r onroeLdeig p[eg ror6Xouv orlpovrtril 06011 per0lu rov ytroulo(ov lrurirv. 0 onroerblg puq e[6pXerot ono rrlv nuetro ;16oo ono ro pe((ov Loytoxd rp4po (Etx.3-B). H 6xtpuo1, 11 rororpuoq, 11 veuptoorl ror or ev6pyeteq Tov 1-tutilv ourdrv tpo[vovrot orov ll[voro 3-2. llpoq ro 6otrt rov ontoetdtilv putitv pp[orerot ro Lepo

nAtypa rot 4 6,ou Aoydvto aprnpfu Ue rouq rtrodoug rnq. 0t 11 onoio unodeXetoL ro Lepo

pueg ourol oXrlpot((ouv Uuirn roirr1, ntrdypo (Eu<.3-14 ror 3-16).

To nuetrrro 6doqoq oXrlpor((eror xoro rupro troyo ono ro Xurvoerborig oXrlporog brorppoylru rqg nuetrou, ro ono[o onoretrelror

dlo aveAxr7peg rou npuxrol Kor TOUq dlo xoxxuyLpAeg (ELr. 3-7, 3-11 ror 3-14 eog 3-lB). To brotppoyl-ro ouxoAg ono roug

ro onoqpoooer ro xoro nuetrLro oropro (6lo6oq qg

nuetrou),

err6q ono 6vo rprlpo pero[u rtrrv npooOurrv orpov rov duo ovetrrrlpov putlv rou npo.rrrou. To Xoo;ro ouro yepi(er ono Xotroptl neprrovlo yupo ono rov npoororl (1 rov rotreo) xor onotppoooeror ono TO oupoysvv1rrro rp[yrrrvo ror rqv ovo neprrov[o rou (Etr. 3-17, 3-18 ror 3-5BB r<or t). Eniolg, ro Ororppoypo qg nudtrou nopeppotrtreror perolu rqg nuetrrrrlq rod,orrlrog rol rou neptveou (pI. Etr. 2-29).

Eoo novovto oprnpto

OaQuoispo or€n€xoc

0uao€t6€c vEUoo

l2 vsupo KOto €ntvoatpto oorti0ro Kot An€8o

Antost6nC

LtuC

KoKKUVtKoC LruC

Eou

MsVonoC VnouttoiaC

00vr Ko Ap€n ovo l, u v6€ apoC rou Hettle)

\ot

a I tol O<

ouv6:

ltuc

to.

HBoKoKKUVIKoc LIUc

Ouotl1Do nou 6tereuno

to ouoov€vvnuKo AnboovLto Poxtlto vsupo Kail optrl0to tou n[ouc nEprv€iKh optnpla xor

veipo

Kdta orLtoppoiArKn optnpio Kot v€jpo

Erxtivo 3-10. Avoroprl rtr.rv purirv ov6prrrqq etroooovuq rrurlou, l-loporrlpeiore rov 6otrr 0upoerdl pu, o onolog enevduer ro ntroyro rolXcolro xor eldpXeror p6oto rou etroooovog LoXlorou rprlporog (ptr. eniolq errovo 3-8). IlpeL6ore rov onroerDq pu, o ono(oq enevbuer ro on[o0to nuetrrro roi XtlU0 Kor eldpXeror p6otrl rou pei(ovog roXrorou rplporog. [loporqpe(ore ro lpoxorruyrro pu, r<upro xor LoXup6repo rprlpo rou ovetrrrrlpo ;ruog rou nporrou, nou erqueror ono ro otirpo rou 1Bu<orj oorou.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

299

AoyovtoC l.tuc

An€uAu6ir€va Eao ?upo€6uC ltu( KOt nSpttovto Av€nKthpoC LtuC Tou npeKTou At6otlKAC

Ave Kat K0t0 n€pttovio tou ov€nKtriPO LoU nPtKtOU

a0ntivoc

(rou Alcock)

Kot0 otl-toppoi6tKo ovvsio Kot

upo

Eie

Erxtivo

aOtVKTtipoC l.tuC

rau

np(1)KLotJ

ELt9utoxtatKoa [;o0DCC

3-11. l\4eronLo(o Droropq, onou ruplrrrg onerrovi(ovrot ro ntroyro rorXrilporo qg ovdpLrqg nuetrou. tloporrlperore ol or ev0onuetrrKtq tnF rov ;.rutirv rotrunrovror ono rqv rorXrrrpolrrl nuetrrrrq nepLrovlo rot npootpuovror oro0epo oro ooro, oro 0{rog rqg ovtirvupqq ypopUlq

poveLeq

Aovavto oara

@u'@'

yu o\

l€DO

ooto A/l

€ ra0

v tpo x0 vt ti pct C

tou l.iltptotou oofou

Mnpota ooto

Etxtlvo

3-12. 0nio0Lo

or]t1

rou 6e(rou ovdrvupou oorou, onou-QorvrTor

1 0dor1 ror or npootpuoerg rou 6otrr 0upoerdo0g puog.

To rvolrutlbeg nuetruo droqpoygo npooqeper orrlprypo oro on),0-

p1eg rou nueAtxoi edoqluq. llloo ono ouroug pp[orovror or ror-

XVo Trlq nu6trou (n.X. oLypoerdeg rotrov ror oneuOuogevo). Moro(eL pe xpepoopevq, oov Xov[ ouirpo ovopeoo oqv lprrr1 0uUQUq Unpo-

ruyrxo( pueg, or onoior oulrpersxouv oTo oXrlporrogo rou nuetrrrou edoqoug. 0 trenrog roL ntrorug ovetrrrlpog rou nporrrou rvolvrror

oro, ror orov rorruyo npoq r0 nioo (Err. 3-1 1 r<or 3-1 8). Iro ntroyro ouUQUeror pe noXuvorl rrlg 0upoeL6oug nepuov(og, q ono(o oXq;rol(u ro rev6vrto ro{o rou oveAxrrlpo rou npuxrol (Err. 3-14). To

ge rov ovrf0ero rou oXlpori(ovrog 6vov oroqoerdq pu, pero[0 rou rlprro0 ooro0 npoq T0 eUnpdq Kor rou rorruyo rpoq T0 niorr.l. Erre[veror UeToE[ Tov buo ntroyuov nuetrrxtirv rorXrrrgorov. 0L ovetr-

oneu0uogevo ror q ouprlOpo (ro069 ror o rotreoq

olg

yuvoireg) dro-

rupo[vouv ro nuetrrro dtorppoylLo, ro0og odeUouv ono rqv nuetro npoq Tlv e{oreprxrl enrqovero rou odrporog (ELr. 3-56).

Or ovetrxrf peg pUeg rou npoKrorj (Err. 3-7, 3-11 ror 3-14 eog 3-18). Auro( efvor or Ueyotrurepor Kor

ryililrr

Erxtivo 3-13. 0nio0ro 0qrl r0u 0e\Lou ovrilvup0u 0or0u, 0n0u Q0rvrr0r q 0601 ror ol npooguoerq rou onroeLdoug guoq.

[t0

on1ovrLxol

rrrlpeg p0eg rou nporrrou oxnUori(ouv ro peyotrurepo rpqpo rou nuetrtrou eDoqoug, ro ono(o Xtrrpr(er rrlv nuetrrr1 xofiorrpo ono TOUq oQrlvoerdo0q

oXlgoroc,, eu1uioytoxoAg Bo1pouq.

lro nepl-

ypoqLroug troyouq, ro0e ovetrrrrlpoq UUq Tou npolrro0 drorpelror oe reooeprq Uoipeq: rov nBoeu0uiro, rov ovetrrrnpo rou npooror1

300

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

( llfvoxog 3-2. 0r gueg

rcDv nuetrlKov rolXrrtporolv

Muc

'Eoo

EKeuon

0upoeL-i1g i xo),unrel ro

llueltxrl

pel otrurepo rprlpo rou nLol

Lou

Koroguoq

Neupaoq

enrqoveLo troyovLou K0t toxt0-

Ev6pyua

doo (05, 1

Neupo yLo rov

rou oorou' 0upoerdnq uudvoq

OupoeLd1

iorXrrtporoq)

xor

12)

'E[o

orpotprl Tou Unpou.oupBoltreL

oTn ouyKpoTnon Tnq xeqqlnq rou grlptoiou pdoo oqv rorulrl.

Mer(ov rpoXovrrlpoq

rou AnroeL0rlg (on[o0ro roLXrrtlro)

;rr'lpLolou

lluehxrl enLrpovero Lepou oorou ono ro

[lpoo0ror

-eL(orv rovrolronc

vreg rtrodor

orrvf,rorLoq

(oroug ovdpeq) ror qBoroleiKo (oTrq yuvorKsq), Tov nF0K0KKUyrKo 3-14 ror 3-35). 0 qpoeu0uixriq UUq (ErK. 3-19 eoq 3-23) erqueror 0n0 r0 rl0r-

KO 0oT0 K0r QepeTor npoq T0 nioo, onou evdlveror Ue rov 0vT(0sTO rou, oXlpor((ovroq !to ?r1ALo yupa ono qv 0p0onpoKTrKn ouUBoIq. H Oqlro ourrl droqpei r\v opelnpuKru<4 xapnrl. Muireq de-

rov epero,

op(deg rou rlpoeuOuirou pudg oXlpori(ouv rognutrrl yupo ono rov npoororq oroug ovdpeg ror yuprrl ono rr1 peoornTo Tou rotreof orrg yuvoireg, ror xoro),r1youv oro xevrpo T0u neptveou, plo rvopu6dq noXuvoq pnpooro ono rov npolrro (Err. 3-35, 3-55 ror 360). Aureg or guireg 6eop(deq onoTetrouv rcv aveAxqpo Tlu nplorurr1 xot ttp\K1\elK7 /Ju, ovTioT0rxo. 0 4poxoxxuyrxrlg pug (Eu<. 3-14, 3-15A, 3-208 3-22, 3-24,3-

35 roL 3-60) olrlport(et rqv x1pn po(a rou avilxr4po IJU Tlu npuxrol. Erqueror ono ro qprro ooro, qeperor npoq T0 nlool ror 6oor rol rororpuerol orov rorxuyo Kor Tov npoKTororruyrrd ouvdeop,o. 0 npaKToxoxxuyu<dq oAvdeopog oXrlpori(eroL ono rr1 Drooro0poo1, roro qv peoq ypopp4, Tov rvov rov duo qporoxruyrrurv lrutirv ror pp(oreror Ueroqu rou npoKrou Kor rrlq ropuqrlg rou

16rxuyo. Koro qv nope[0 T0u npoq T0 n(oo rol eotr.r, o 4pororruytroq puq orrg yuvolreg, neprpotrtrer r4v oupr10po, rov rotreo xot rov nprrlrro ror roroqreror oro r6vrpo rou neprveou. 0 troyovoxoxxuyrxdg pug (Err. 3-14 3-19 ror 3-34) onoretrei rrlv trenrr1 pro[po rou ovetrrr1po UU TOU [ptJKTo0 ror erqueror de-

[ro r<ot oprorepo ono ro rcvlvuo ro{o r4g 1upoetdolg nepnovfuq rot rrlv roXrorq orovOo (Err. 3-14). Ko0e evog ono roug gueg ou_ roug qeperor np0q r0 n(oor rol eool ror rorotpueror orov rorxuyo K0r oTov npolKToKOKKUyLro ouvdeopo.

rov ovetrxr{pov

putov rou npoxrod (Eu<. 3-14 315A ror 3-61). 0r orlpovrrror ouroi pueg veupdvovror ono ro veUpo rou neprveou, rtrodo rou o16orirou ntreyporog ror ono Tov ne-

prveiro rtroDo rou l4 veupou.

Apooq rov ovetrxr{porv ;tuov rou nptoxroU. 0r ovetrrrrlpeg nporrou po(i ge roug duo rorruytrouq gueg oXrlporL(ouv

pueg rou

qg nu5trou, ro onoio onoretreIro nuetrLro ddorpog. To tvolrutideg drorppoypo orrlpr(er ro nuetrtro ontroXvo r<or ovrrordxerot oe nr6oerg nou ooxo0vror npoq T0 roror ror ouvodeuouv rqv ouiq-

ro drorppoylro

qg evdorodrorrlq

FlXo)

nLeolg (onotg n.X. roro

H ono rorvou dpoorl

rov ovetrrqpov

prolo ernvoq ror ro

putirv

rou nporrrou

'E{o

orporprl rou ;u1pou. onoyoyrl rou prlpou. ouUpoltret orn

ouyKporrlon rnq r<egotrqg rou

Ulpr.rou Ueo. orrlv <orutrq.

Kor T0 troyovoKorruymo UU (ErK.

Nedporo4

npotreuo-

rotv ll xor 12 veLipirtv

2o eotg 4o repo rprlpo' ovo XeLlog trlq pei(ovoq toXLorqg evropr'1q roL

eXer

oov onoretreopo

ovurltoo1 rou nuetrrrou ed0q0uq roL enoprevo.tg

rnq dpoolq rov npoo0rov xottrlor<rirv lrutrlv, nou odqyei 0Trl oupn[eo1 rou nepreXopulvou rrlq ror],iog ror rrlg nuetrou. H evepyero ourq not(eL oqpovrLro potro orq proio ernvorl, oro pr1Xo, evloXuoq

qv oupqol

Kor oTnv roOr1trooq rou roppou roro rr1 droprero evrovtov rrvrloeov rov ovrr; orpolv (n.x. orov oqrtivoul.re popro ovrrxe[gevo). To rp1poro rolv ove],rrfpov lrurrtv rou nporrou, ro

onoio roroquovror oro xevrpo rou neprveou, unoorqpi(ouv rov UUq TOU npoororrl, Err. 3-1g). Ilg yuvoixeg polpeg or oureg evroXuouv ro on(o0ro roiXogo rou ro],eou (nBorotreiroq pug Err. 3-23). Koroquovrol oro rolXrrtporo rou npotrrrrou

npooror4 (ovetrrrrlpog

orotrrlvo ror oro revrpo rou neprveou, xol orov ouonotvror (1Boeu0u-

rrog pug) ovur!6vouv rov npolrrlro oortrrlvo pe rpopo ovr[Oerq ono ere[v1 rov ronpovrov, porlOdrvroq eror oqv oqodeuorl. Aurq 11 poipo rou ovetrrrrlpo rou nporxrou, ouyr<poreI r4v op0onpolrlrrl ouppotrrl npoq r0 epnpog (Eu<. 3-20), oulovovrog eror q yovro gero(u oneu_ r<or npotrnrou orrllrlvo. Me rov rpono ouro onotpeuyerot dio6oq rorv ronpovrrtv ono ro oneuOuogevo orov nporlro ootrr1-

0uogevou 11

vo, orov dev unopXer enL0upio q euXepero yro otpodeuoq. H opOodeXeror ro peyotrurepo pepog rou popou( Tov KO-

nporrrr1 yovlo

npovtov, onotrtroooovrog eror ono peyotreq nrdoetg rov 6[ro orpLyrrflpo rou npotrrou (Err. 3-21). Koro rov rorero or ovetrrr4peg pueg rou nporrou oqpi(ouv ro reqotrL rou epppuou, evot o rpoXltrog rqg g4rpog dLoor6trl,eror yro vo enuperl.re r rr1 dLodo TOU vsoyvou.

Or roxxuyrxoi prieg (Etr. 3-14 ror3-15).IXqpol(ouv lenro puiro rprytrrvrxo neroLo nou oxoupno orqv onro0ro po[po rou troyovororxuyrrou puog, pre rov ono[o ouveXeror. 0r rorxuyrr<oi gueg po(r Ue Touq ovetrrrrlpeg rou nptorrou oXrlpori(ouv ro dro-

rorruyrroi pueg onoretrouv ro on(oOro ror rpqpo rou nueLrrou edorpouq, ro ono[o oXlporr(eror lirr<porepo ono ro droqpoypo rr1q nuetrou. fltroyro exguo4 (Err. 3-14 rot 3-15). lluetrLrl enupovero rrlg Qp0yU0 14g nudtrou. 0r

orov0og ror etroootrlv LoXroiepog ouvdeopog. Meoq exquoq (ELr. 3-10 ror 3-19). l-ltroyro Xertrog rou roxruyo rot 15 onovdutrog. LoXroxrlg

NeUpoo4 (Ex. 3-14 eurq 3-16). Ktro6orrou t4 r<or t5 veupou.

Evepyelo. 0r rorruyrxo( gueg evtoXuouv rov ovetrrrrlp0 TOU nporrrou orrl orqprl4 rov nuetrrrdv on),oXvrrrv. Iuyrporouv en(o1g rov rorruyo npoq T0 epnpog ovu{.rovovrog ro nue},rro edorpoq.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

301

on Tlu ll(pulitpol oteLfylug Ue rouq npoo1toug npuTeuovTeg xAaiouq ruv l1 euq 14 veApuv. To rupto veuprro oretr6Xq rou ntreyporog pplorovror errog rrlg roLXt'tgorL14g nepuovLoq qg

rol otrol or rLobor rou e[epXovror ono rrlv nuetro nepvotp6oo vroq tno rc pe(ov toytoxo rp4pa, txtog ono rov rtrodo yro rov onroerbrlpu (12), ro drolrpofvovro deppolro veupo (12 rorl3) xor ro veOpo yto ro drorppoypo nlq nuetrou. 0r 6uo r<0pror rtrodor nueLou

rou repo0 ntreyporog elvor ro loXroro ror ro o16oriro veupo. To rolrox6 verjpo (Err.3-16 ror 3-18, ptr. eniorlg Err.573). To ve0po ouro, nou rorovegeTor 0T0 rorto orpo, oXlpori(eror ono roug npdoOroug npotreuovreg rtrodoug rov 05 etrrg l3 veupov, 0r ono[ol ouyrtrlvouv orrlv npoo0ro polpo rou onroeLdouq puoq. To roXroro veupo, ro onoio e[vor rc noyArepo veipo rou otitgoroq, efepXeror ono rqv nue),0 ono ro pe[(ov Loytox1 rp4po, nl oo ono rov onloerbrl pu ror roro),r1yer orrl ytrourroro Xdrpo. To or1povrrro ouro veupo ovoLueror oro rerpotroro rorv xoro orporv (ptr.

Keq.5).

To or6orixri verlpo (Erx.3-8, 3-16 ror3-18).

To veupo ou-

ro oXrlporr(eror ono ro repo ntr6ypo, ono drortroddroerg rorv npoo0rov r),odov rcov 12, l3 ror l4 ve0pov. Iuvode0er rqv eoor orbor'ixq opqp(o ror el6pXeror ono qv nuetro, pero[u rou onLoer6o0g

rorxuytroI puoq. Irq

ouveXeLo neprxognrer rov e],oooovo ror ero6pXerot oro nep(veo, p,tou rou eAoooovog toxtoKli rp4parog, onou xorovtlperor 0T0uq pueg rou neprveou, oupnepiloppovogevou rou e{o otpLyxrrlpo rou nporrou ror rorotrrlyeL trtg poXLoro veupo rou neoug 11 qg rtreuopidog. To otdoriro ve upo rp6peL enroqg oro0rlrLxoug rtrodoug yro ro 6[rrl yevvqK0r TOU

roXLoiepo ouvdeopo

Netpo rqg nufAou H nuetrog veuptlveror rup(og ono ro Lepo ror ro roxruyrro veupo, r<o0tirg ror ono nuetrrro0g r<trodoug rou ourovogou veuprr<00 ouor1porog (Err<. 3-16). 0oroi 0v0or0UolKoi rtrodor ono ro ou-

pnoO4lro ordtreXoq f1 ro yoyyho rou, ouvodefouv roOe repd veup0 Kor T0 rorruyrro veupo. 0 onLoerdrlg ;lug enevduer ro on(o0lo rolXtrr;ro rqg nudtrou ror oXqpot((er

rrro opyovo. To tivto ytrourroio vedpo (ELr. 3-1 6). To veupo ouro oXrlpori(e-

ror ono dLortrodrioeLg rov npooOuov rtrodov rurv 04,05 xor l1 vefpolv. El6pXeror ono rqv nuelo peoo rou pe((ovog roXrorou

ro ddorpoq yro ro repo K0r KoKruyrro veuplro ntrdy;ro.0 revrprrog rtrodog rou l2 rol l3 veupou ovoduovrol pero[u rov npooerpotrdrv rou onroe16ouq UU0q.

tp1gorog, novol ono rov onroeLdq pu. NeuptirveL duo ono roug y),ouloloug pueg, rov p6oo, ror rov ptrpo ro0trtg ror rov re(vovto qv ntrorelo nepuov[o pu. To ovtrl y],ourLolo veupo ror or pueq

To ooguoiep6 orfAeyog

ouro[, ovo],uovTor oT0 reqotroto r4g ytrourrorog Xropoq (pI. Kerp. 5 ror [(voreg 5-1 xor 5,3). AAAI rpqpora rou LepoA nAEyporog neptAoppavouv (Err. 3-

H rorrouoo poipo rou 04 veupou evtbveror pe rov

npooOlo

nporreuovro rtrodo rou 05 veupou yro vo oXlgorLoouv r0 oyrdrdeq, oXotvoerd6g, oorpuoiepo o16treXog (Err. 3-16). Auro nope0eror

npoq T0 roro, pnpooro ono ro repo nrepuyro, onou ovooroptitve-

drorppoylro

nu6trou (13

Unproio Uu (04, 05 roL pu (05, l1 rot 12).

ll)

(11

rorl4), (3)ro

ror t2), (2) rtrorvio yro ro ve0po yro

ror (4) ro veupo

yLo

TOV

Terp0y0rv0

rov 6orrr 0upoerdq

T0 Lepo nAeypa. KorepXeroL orq ouveXero trolo, ndvo ono repotroydvto op0pool ror ero6pXeror or4v nue),0 rorol ono qv nuetrrrq nepuov[o (pL Erx. 3-99). Telog, orpou Xtoorei pe ro ovu ToL

16): (1) xLrovlo yro rov onloerdrl pu

To 0upotr65g veipo

yAourrc[o oyyeio, rorotrflyeL orrlv ro(rq nou oXrlporr(er 0 onroerdlq Uuq, onou ovoorop6veror pe ro ll veupo.

o6&v;rA t\to{$$. \r

To rcp6

ilttyltd

To veupo ouro dev ovlret oro repo ntrdypo. IXlpori(eror ono oqv roLtr(o (02, 03 ror 04) Kor eroepxeTor

oorpuixo nAtylto

oqv

etroooovo nuetro (Err.3-10 ror 3-16, ptr. eniolg ELr.2-99).

llopeuerot oro n),oylo roiXtolro rrlg nuetrou, peoo oro e(onepLrovoixo trtnog, peXpr rov 0upoerdrl nopo, onou onooXi(eror oe npo-

To peyotro ouro veuprxo ntreypo ppforeror or4v etroooovo nuetro, oe orev1 oX6o1 pe rrlv npdo0ro enrrpovero rou ontoerdoug

o0lo xor on[o0lo rtrodo. ElepXeror ono rqv n[etro prloo ono ro 0upoedeg rp4po (Ew.3-4 roL 3-10) roL veuptirvet roug tloor p0eg rou

puog

Unpou

(Err<. 3-1

6). Io ep6 n),eypo oyr1par[(eru an6 uyv ovolTllru-

(FL Keq. 5 ror llLvoro 5-2).

302

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

IJXlC )KOKKUVIKOC

ttuc

Anto€t6uC ltuC

N€upl yttt rov KAKKUVTKO KAt

tAV

ov€nKtnpo Ltu tou

np0Ktau

f-ii

&d. f'pr" l;*€ J " utfu ':i,#: go .-'"s -:i{:11

*iw

n# E{{!:

'i \':

::ii. 1 r 1'

_- 11 .,'li.,

Q f

AupoEtdnC nspttovto

5"$: Y

.,;

Ntil-to nou EnK€rIa 0n€u0uaItEvo AoVov oK Ltuc

aK KU

jy'tKaC

HIJaKoKKUVIKOC

t-tUC

npaa1ta x€tnoC tou 0v€r)Ktnpo LOL|

np0Ktou

Av€rlKutp0C l.tuC rou npootorn (npoaAto Ltotpo Tou tllloKoKKUVtKou ttuo()

Oupt't0p0

Hl3tKt) tJUltOuot)

Etxtivo 3-14. Anor,l]rl ond novol, ovoroprlg rou eOoqoug ovbpLr<qq ruelou. To nue,\Lr<o ontrolvo eXouv orgorpegei roL r1 ooreivrl nueloq cporveror oe eyropoto 0toropr1. lloporrlpelore roug rtrodoug rotv 13 t<ot 14 veuptr-tv nou rorovepovTor orov ovetrrrlpo UU TOU npoKTgu Kqr T6v K6KKUyTKO UU, 0r onolor oXqporl(ouv ro nuetrrro 0ror0povuo.

Btropeq rou Lepo0 ntr6yporog ouvrl0og 6ev noporrlpo0vror. l1opotro ouro, ro vetlpo nou npo6pXovror ono outo elvor duvordv vo oupnteoro0v ond dyroug rqg nudtrou. H nieoq our4 ouvq0trrg nporotre[ ndvo rou roro orpou, o

onoiog, oe neprnr6oeLg rororl0orv nuetrrxtitv oyrov, pnopel vo elvor ovunrlgopog. l"l(eoq enL rov veupurv our6v pnopeL en(oqg vo oorrl0e( onrj

xegotrr

rou

epppriou,

nporotrtirvrog oTrlv syKUU0v0uoo novo rrrrv xoro orpov. To

0upoerddg vefpo veuptirveL rov 6{o 0upoerdrl Kor Touq npoooyrrryoug pueg rou pnpo0 (9I. Kerp. 5, llrvoro 5-2). Ko0tirq ouro ro veupo nopeferor oro ntroyLo roiXrllgo rrlg nu6trou eivor eunp6oBtrqro oe gIdBeS qg neproXrlg (n.X.

rord rrlv orpoipeol oerg).

treprpoddvtov

pe xoro1Oerg gerooro-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

303

I/ri l/uc qotLnC LtuC

KoKKUvIKOC

puc

l-/,r^u,^,t nnnue.,

Lou/)di/d/l( nrrr/Io HpoKoKKUVtKoC I-IUC

AntueuoLt€vo Oup06oxoc KUoul HStKti oupAuatl

iu0uotlfvo

Outt0dc)x0( Kt

KYETEOKHAH

B Etxtivo

3-15. A. Anorll ord ilovo,

@YttoAoflKH

0v0ToUrlq Tou eDdqouq yuvotKsloq nu6],0u. To neplooorepo nuetrrKo onIoXVo eXouv orpoLpe0er. Ilpreuirore rtg

oxdoerq oup060x0u KUorrlq, K0Ie00 Kor orsueuoUdvou. flopoqpelore rov qBororruyrKd, Tov KUpr0 UU T0u nus],rKou drorppoyporog Kor rov ovrlrrrlpo 1ru rou [poKTou. B. r<oL f. 0petrroro droroprl yuvorKsloq nue],0u. H ruoreorrl],q elvor onordtreopo eq0oe6vrolq rou nue],rrotj e00Q0uq,

vi!r

304

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Avi ovao oQu

AoV

n o prtlpt

vnouuoio oDuiDio

,upno0nuKo or€n€xoC KOr VOVVntO

Eo0 novovto olJttlpio Kot Qn€Bo

AvoafaLt0)ftKol Kno6ot

nrlovto t€pti opLnpn

Oapo€t6€C vEUpa

Av(D

N€upo Vn tav

vnourtoia vsupo

onroEt6t, Ltu

Eo0 otAotiKti opuipio

N€jpo

Vto

rov r€tpoyovo

Lttlptoto Ltu

laxnKo v€0po

Anto€t6riC IJUC

N€upo Vto tov

€a(D

eupo€t'n

Lru

Kor(r vr)outtoto or)Lnpn Ar6ottro vsul:o nu: rltKa onrlo (vr^

v.'

)

upo

HllrK0 oatA N€upct Vto rov ov€nKuipo rou npoKLoj

^ot

tov \ohhuvt^o ltu

K)KKUVtKo nn€vLto

Av:tl^Tnpoc trtuc tou

npdhTou MuiKot

hot

6apltotrot \r1o6ot

A5 vsupa

04 vsupo Oupo€tA€a vEupa)

AvI

Vnouttoio

oputpio

AoOuoisDo or€n€xoc

-) Etxtivo 3-16. A. To repo Kor r0 K0KKUyrKo ntreypo. lloporqpeLore rov Ktrobo Tou 04 nou ovooroUd)veror Ue T0 05 yro v0 oxlUoTioouv T0 ooQuoiepo oTetr0xoq. llopoqpeiore orL rtrobor 0n0 T0 l1

KOr 12

.:)

KouD Vnouuoio

oputpio

K0r0vs-

loxtoKo v€upo

[0vT0r oTov 0nrOerdl uu Kor oTr T0 13 KOr 14 veupo vsup6v0uv TOv K0KKUyrKo Kor ov€lKTrlpo UU TOU rpoKTou, fiopoqpeiore dTr r0 12, 13 roL ve0po ouveroqepouv Ue 6v0v KL06o orov oxnpoTroUo rou ilusLrKou ontroXvtrou veup0u. B. To repd ntreypo, Iqpreuirore orr our6 T0 vsuprKO 14

dlrruo bronrpolveroL onrl qv ovo ror roro ytroulolo opTrlpr0,

At'otiKo v€upa Kot €au or5otiKn opuipio KOKKUVIKOC LIUC

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

errelvovrol ono ro ntroyro

Xeltrr;

305

rou rpoXltrou rrlq prlrpog eog ro

onloOro ro[XtrrlLo rqg nu6trou, no[(ouv

olpovrrro potro orq orrlpLil

11g pqrpog.

H rorlroporrx{ neprrovio 14g nudAou (Err. 3-11,

Onto?onBtKo 6tooLntto nu€nrKt) Katn

ou)tt:r

ovv€t0 Kot v€upo Oupo6oxoC

:.) tt ovlo

KUOUI MUC

npaoroLtic :

SatiKaC

:i ) rltlvaC AtclQpatVl.t0 LnC nu€nou

loxtoKo / JptoLto

Eu0uioxtoKoc AoADoc

oupov€v v ttu Ko 6to

povpo

Yt.t€v66nC oUpti0tJo

Etxrivo 3-17. Merotnroro btoiopq rqq nuetrou, onou rpotverol T0 oK0qoerd69 dLorppoylro rrlg nue),0u, ro onoio oXrlpori(er ro nueLrKO riOorpog. lloporqpelore

ort pero[u rou eu0uioXroro[ Bo0pou xor

TOU uilonepirovoirou Xtrtpou, nopepBotrtreroL p6vo ro droqpoypo qg nuetrou (1 po(po nou oXlporr(eror ono rov oveLxrlpo pu rou nporrou).

17 3-18 ror 3-24).

rqro pdXpr ro uQog rov qporoXrortirv rtroDrov. IuveXeror Us r0 neprooreo rou troyovrou oorou orqv nepLoXrl xoro ono qv ovrirvupq ypoUUn

rol errelveror

2-B2rtt2-102)

nepuovro rrlg nu6trou.

npoorpuorl Tnq 0T0 neprooreo, rortrt ono r4v ovrrrvupl yp0UUIl (Err. 3-1 1 ).'Ontrrg ovotpdporlre nporlyoupevog, or ovetrrrrlpeg pueg rou npotrrou ouvonrovror pe g[o noXuvorl rrlg 0u-

poerdoug nepuov(oq, yvoorq ug revovuo 16{o rou oveAxr4pa puog rou npuxroA, q ono[o exrelveror pero{u rou otrtporog rou 1prrou oorour ror rqg toXrorrlg orovOog (Err. 3-1 4 ror 3-1 8). l-lovo ono ro revovlo ro{o r1 nepLrovio e[vor noXro xor oreperl, evdr 11 poLpo. T1q nou ppLoreror roro ono ro ro(o elvor trenrq. Aurrl 11 r<orol por-

11 ror 3-17). H nepuovio rou drorppoygoToq rrlq nuetrou ro),unrer ror rrg duo enrqovereg rov oveirqpo.rv purilv rou npotrrou Kor 0uUperdXer 0r0 oxlUoTroUo rou nuetrLrou edoqoug. Iuventirg ougpere-

oqprll rotv nueLrrrrtv ontroXvrov (ELr. 3-1 1 ror 3-17). H neprrovlo q onolo rotrunret qv ovtrt enrqoveto rotv lrutrtv ourrrtv, ono-

Xer

(ErK. 3-7, 3-11,

3-17, 3-18 ror 3-24). H nepuovfo ourrl ouvdeer ro nuetrrro on],oXvo perolu roug, ro0iirg Kor Ue rrlv roryrrlgortrrl nepuovfo rrlg nuetrou. H ontroXvrrrl nepuov[o epnepreXeL ror treLeg puir6g (veg, or onoieq oupBotrtrouv orqv ev(oXuoq rou nue),rxorj ed0Q0uq. Ilg yuvolreg 1 ontroXvrrrl nuetrrrrl neprrovlo noXuveror orrg ntroyreg gor-

r0r oX4pori(er rlv Lepolnrptx6 olvdeopo Kor roy eyKlpoto oivdeopo rou ryay1Aou rnq pnrpog. Auroi or ouvdeoprol, nou psq

rotxtrrporLrrlg nuetrLxrlq nepuovlog. H 0upoerorlq nepuovlo xop((ero novo ono rr1 .loyovoAoirLxi neprcovfu (Btr. eniolq Err.

po enevduer ro ntroyro ro(Xtolro rcu eu1uioytoxo1 B60pou Kor oxlporr(er ro eoo rolXtolro tou oLdotixol ouA7vo (rou Alcock) (ELr. 3-

To nuetrLro ontroXvo nepLpotrtrovror on6 Xolopo ouvderrro roro nou onoreLef r4v onAoyvtx4 neptov[o rqq nueAou. H nepuovio r1 ono[o enevduer ro roLXrlporo rrlg nuetrrr4g r<ortr6r4roq onore],er

H ontroyvlx{ neplrovio rqg nu6trou1

ovol enrqovero rou Droqpoyporog

ro nue),rro onloXvo ror ouvrlonLoXvtrl nuetrrrrl neprrovl0. H rorXrrlporLrrl ttsprT0v[o nou enevd0er ro rurog rqg xoLtrlog K0r Tlv nuetrrr<f1 ror],or1ro eivor ouveXqg ror, onoq ovoqep0lre, ouvonreror oro0epo pe ro ooro roro ono qv ovdrvupul ypogUl. Xrrlpi(eror ono ro rorXoporrro nepuovoro pe elotnepuovoiro trfnog. H rorXroporrrl nuetrrrrl nepuov[0, errog ono ro ol enevdueL rrlv nue],rrr1 roiloqro, ne prxLefer ror ro oyyeroro oretreXq qq neproXflq. tlpog ro navu r7 rotyupaux1 nueALxq neptov[o ouvEyeru pe rryv eyrapon neprovlo (pI. Erx.3-11) ror ouvonreroL oro0epo pe ro neptooreo rrlg on(o0rog enupoverog rou oritporog rou lpLxou ooro[. H rorXrrtporrrq nuetrLrl nepuov[o ro],unrer qv evdonue],rrr1 polpo rou 5oo 0upoerdoug, rou onroerdoug. rou rorruyrrou, rou oqLyrrrlpo rqg ouprl0pog rol rou oveLxrlpo lLuog tou nporrou (Err. 3-8, 3-1 1,3-17 r<ot 3-18). H neprrov[o nou ro],unre r rov eoo 0upoeLdrl pu (0upoe64q ntprcovio) onorstrei r4v noXureprl po(po qq

doug rou

Trlv r0rxotUoTrKr1

Xeror Us qv

Tot npoq

H nueMxry nepnovia

p6Xpr

11g nudtrou, onou ovoropnTsr llpoq

To xoxruyrxri ntreypo (Err.3-16A). To unoruniitdeg 0ur0 vrupixo ntreypo oX4por[(eror 0n0 T0uq npoo0roug npureuovreq xAo14 roL 15, ro0drg ror T0u KoKKUyTKOu veupou. Oeperor orrlv nueLrrrl polpo rou rorruyrxori pu6g, rov onoio veuptirver, onog veupdrver eniorlg rgqpo rou oveLrrrlpo guog rou nporrou, xoOrrtg K0i Trlv repororxuyLrq op0ptrlorl. Irrl ouveXero dlorrrpofver rov rorruyrxo ;lu ror roroveprTor 0e prr<pr1 neproXrl rou ddpporog rou roxruyo.

H nepuovio ourrl enevbuer rqv nueLrrrl rortro-

orrl

retrei r4u ovu nepLrovfu rou ne,puEou (ovo nepLrovio rou ovetrxrrlp0 guoq rou npolrrou). Irrg yuvo(reg q neprrovlo ouq npooquerol

oqv

onioOro enupovero rou otirporog rou rlptrou ooro0, orov nu0p6vo rrlq oupodoXou ruoqg, orov rotreo Kor or0 oneu0uopevo. Irouq ovdpeq, 1 ovrrt nepuovio rou neplveou npooqueror orov

npooroq ror oro oneu0uoprevo (Err. 3-17 eoq 3-19). H ovu neptovfu tou ruepLveou (ovo nepLrovro rou nue),rrou 6rorppoyporog) noXuveror ow[ororXo np0q Tov nu0gevo Tr]q 0upodoXou ruorqg ror oXrlpor[(er duo oXorvoerde[g rorvieg, or ono[eg

neprovfu aw4 ovopa(erat ano roug porcur1peg, evdonueAtx4 nepr

rovfu.

onoreLouv orrg yuvo[reg rouq 1poxuorxoAq ouvdEoltoug (Etr. 334), evtrr oroug ovdpeg rouq rlBonpoorouxoig ouvdEopouq (Ex.

306

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

ans ottovoi Koc

nnoVDC opQonoKUouKoC

nddn c at o(

ouv6€oLtochnoQpoxjsao oLtaorllKtl

Kofo €nrvoorolo ovvilo

An€u0uol.t€va

0)tnan)

M €o o C o

Q o

nsptrovoto 11

oKu

oL r K

oiv6€oLtoC @upoxoC) AoVovto nsolTovto

Mtlptoto v€upo LPoiLriC Kot

noVovtoC lruC 'E€d

novovro

otirnpio & on€Bo OupntnpctC

Avv€io vto to oupo. v€vwtuKo opvovo Oupo60xoc Kiottl Zn.€pl-tortKo<

nopoc

tn€pl roro6axot KUOT€

Ouposld/i(

,.f ,rrorr,o rtt:t ttv i^tth I ttuac rau nD|Kta] f tnoa:,9irovono. r,l1ru.

--.-_

n poaTof

I I

ptpoQt Koc)

toto otAoilKti oOLnotcl rctt ot6ottro vtuOo

lruouto*toxoc

Dooeoc

Aprnpio npoc tov BonBo 6tottLpoivauoA t nv n€ ptv€i Kti I,t€ l-t ppov

BonBoupn0aotor o6€v€( l-t€oo o€ po0€n

nruxi

tou n€ptv€ou

n€prv€iKoi Kno6ot tou ontoAau

Bon6aanpoVvodnc

pnpo6EpltotrKou v€upou

l-tuC.

nou Konuntst rov BanAo

l|ttc ouphepoC) Kot (o v€uDo toLl

Elxtivo 3-18. Avoropfl Usroiltoloq dtoropqg ovbptKrlq rus],0u oKpr0oq Unp00r0 0n0 r0 onsueuoUevo. Ervor uro orfrl rng npo0eroq U0Lpoq 0n0 nioo, InUstdloTs ort 0 U6o0q 0[Q0].0KUoTtKoq ouv0touog (unillerppo T0u 0upoXOU), KoO6q K0r I oupo00X0g Kuorl, BproKov{or orov unoreprrov0iK0 itnodl toTo. EqtTooTe Tov ovelKTrlp0 UU T0u npoKTotj r<ot r4v nsprTOV[o nou Tov Ko],unrer Kor noq 0uT0 nopsUpqtr],ovror pero(u npgKUoTrK00 X6p0u Kot tu0uioxtoKou Bo0pou (Btr. entolq etKdvo 3-1 7). tloporrlpelore on ro npooOro eleu0spo Xeiln rou oveIKT1p0 Tou npt,lKTorj 0nrx0uv Ueroqu Touq neplnou 1 er.

3-19). 0L o0vdeopor 0ur0i

Pp(oKovTor sKoTepoeev

rnq

vtr0 T0rv 0vsIKTrlpov UU6v rou npoKTOU Kor oxlU0Ti(er T0 {ioo T0(1 , 3-17 rot 3-1 B). H roror neprrov[o T0u nus],rKou drorppoyporoq ouveXerol pe rqv neprrovto

Ueolq Yp0uurlq Kot 1KrvnTonjtjav Tjv nuepevT Tnq 0up0d0x0u KajTnq nIvu 0T0 nPKd 0oT0.0r lporuorrroi orlvdeopor ouUquovT0r sri-

XoUo Tou eueuioxroKou poOpou (ELr. 3-1

orlq Kor Us ro To[Xo]Uo Tou Ko],eor.

Trlq 60trt enrQoveroq

roru neprrlv[d

(etot en[oqg

Tou nueALKlA dLorppayparog,

I ono[0 ovoUd-

Kor neprveiKli Uepppdvq, Ko},0nTer Trlv K0T0] enrQo-

Kor Us rrlv nepuovlo nporrou.

qg roro Uoipoq Tou 6orrl 0upoetdo0q guog qg rorul srrQoveroq rou 6lo orpryrqpo rou

t )

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

307

H[]tKtl outtQuon

SVrnpilysis HB

on pa oror t Kac ou v6€ au oc

1,. ]

q:a:

vo€no ot I Koc oe n tivo C t-t sto €0 €,o Kot €ai) oltvKuioo

A0Vav oKoK

1'lt

oC t-t u C

tun(i6nC ratoC ,

t . ,L'),

.lP "o.

t, i-to

rJ{/o/sroC duyd:olloa

KoKKUVIKoc ]IUC

KopUOt)

Etxtivo

3-19. Avoropl rou nuetrtxou edoqouq,

To oupoyevvqlro 0tocppoypo K0r 0r Trrprr0vrrq

TOU

EivoL o Xdrpoq

0i0 ro!

ove\xr1po l.lu r0u trpoKTgu

K0L TOV K0KKUyrK0 uu

sxouv orporpe0er (8tr. eLxovo 3-1 r i

(Erx. 3-17,

pero[u r1g rorXul-

porrxrlg nue trrxr1g ne puovfog ror rrlg npoo0rog enrrpoverog Tlq ou-

ruorrlg. l-'leprdXer e{orne ptrovoixo trrnog, Xotropo ouvderrxo roro, orlrorpopo oyye[o ror veupo. To llnog ror o Xotropog ouvDerrxog rorog enupenouv q drorool qg oupodoXou r0oqq orov ourrl ntrqpo0ei. p0doXOU

Aprr1pfeg r4S

KoKKtr i

ovbpLr<qg nueLou. TO onor0 onoreAerro.

To onro0oqBrx6 (npoxuorrx6) 6r6orqpo 3-18 3-33, 3-34, 3-35 ror 3-37).

tou

rou 05-11 peooonovd0),Lou d[or<ou, onou ror Xro(eroL Us rov oupl11po. XopL(eroL ono rqv repo),oyovro op0pool pe rqv eoo troyovro qtrepo xor ro oorpuoiepo oretreXog (Err. 3-16A). 0eperor flpoq T0 nioar ror r0o K0L eroepXeroL orlv e),oooovo nue),0, onou Bpfore-

ror onroOoneprrovolro, npoq T0 eoor rqg d[o troyovrog Qtrepoq roL rou 0upoerDoug veupou (Etr. 3-24). Korotr1yer oro ovo Xertrog rou peL(ovog roXrorou rpqporog, onou onooXi(eror oe npoo0ro ror onio0ro oretreXog. 0t rtrodoL rou npooOrou oretreXoug elvor oqv nleroQqtpro roug ontroXvLror (n X. yro Tlv oupodoXo r0orr1, ro oneu0uopevo rol ro opyovo ovonopoyoyrlg) 0r 6uo rotXoporrroI

nuf\ou

r),odor rou, xorovepovror oro y),ouro K0r 0r0v pr1po. 0r rtrodoL rrlg Teooeprg oprqpLeq eroepXovrol orrlv etroooovo nuetro: pio po-

vllpls (n peol repl oprrlpio) ror3

(euyr1 (oreotrt ioyovreg,

oror-

lroppoidrreq ror or oo0qxrreg oprqpLeq).

eoo troyovrog oprlproq nou nsprypoqovTor 0Tl ouveXelo. ovoypoqovTor Ue rq oerpo nou ouvrlOtrrg erquovror.

H oprpoArx{ oprqpio T0r npoq

H 6ou Aay5vto dprnpfd To geyotro ouro oyyeroxo or6treXoq onoreie( rov 6vov ono roug dtio rel,rroug rtrodoug rrlg rorvrlg troyovrog oprrlproq (Err. 324 rirog 3-28. BI. enioqg ELx. 2-95). H eoo troyovro opqpio nop6Xel tov rfpro oyro olporog oro nuetrrro onloXvo, ev6 orpororver en[o1g ro ooro rol roug gueg rqg nuetrou, roOdrg ror q ytrourroro X6po rou roro orpou" H eotrr troyovro oprlpro ertpueror oTo ur!oq

(ELr. 3-24). To oyyero ouro nope

ro epnpog ror roro, pero[u rqg

oupodoXou

r0oqg

rie -

roL

rou ntroytou nuetrlrou roLXrrrporog. lVleronlnrer orrg oua t<uouxEq apr4pbq, or onoleg onooX((ovror oe notruoprOpoug r],oDoug nou xorove povror

oqv

ovro enrrpove ro

rrlg oupodoXou KU0qq.

rrlv yevvrloq or olrrpotrrrec opqpieq UsroQepouv oipo npog tov nioxofvro yro vo o{uyovroOer xor ndtrr (Moore, '1988). Mero qv yewloq, ro neprqeprro rouq r;ulporo orpol'1prv

tpouv, peroninTouv

oe rvclderg rotv(eg xor onorel,ouv rouq

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

308

HPtKti

apeo

outtQuatl

KoKKUvoc

H0osuAuiKoC LtuC

Totxopo rou npoKtrKou oo)nnv0

Oupo6oxoq KUAtI)

HFjKUortKoC

1-tuC

OD0oKUartKoc LruC

HPoKaKKUVIKOC

Ltuc rtic oupnepoc

,AtvKtupoc

t0 6o0tt

HPo€u0uiKoC ttuC

sVKopatoC l-tuC

rou n€ptv€au

I.IUC

Erxrivo 3-20. A. 0 qBoeu0uirdg puq, rp1po rou ovetrrr1po lruog rou npolrrou, o onolog oXlpori(et pio "01tret0" yuptrl ond rov nporrtro otrltrtlvo. B. 0 lBor<uonroq ror o opOoruolroq pug, 0t onolot unoorrlpr(ouv rnv oupodoxo ruorrl.

og,l

onolo e[vor rtrodog iqg e[o troyovtog opqptog (pI. ELr. 2-7). e[onuetrrrrl rorovolul rrlg 0upoerdo0q opr1proq neptypoqerot oro reqotroro rov roro orpulv (Keq. 5 ). H xdro ruonx{ oprqpio (Erx. 3-24A roL B, ptr. enionq Err.2-19). H opqpio ouq onovroror povo oroug ovdpeq. llopeuH

0upoer6{g oprrlpio (Etr. 3-24, ptr. en(o1q Etx. 5-29). H nporltreuol qq opqpiog ourrlg notr[trtret. Iuvl0tog erquerot xovro oqv erquol qg oprpotrrrrlg opqpioq, onore XLo(erot Us rov oupl'lH

ouveXero nopeferot npoq r0 epnpoq rot rorot, novot orrl nepuov[0, oro ntroyto nuetrtro ro[Xopo rot rpeperot pero0upoeLdrl l0 rou OupoeLdoug veupou roL rt1q rptrdpog. Korontv e[6pXetot ono

rt1po.

rrlv nuetro pdoo ono ro OupoeLdrl nopo rot roroveperot oroug pueg rou p1po0. H evdonuetrrrq rqg po(po diver puiroug rtrodouq, rpoqLro rtrobo. 0 1pxoq xLadoq 6(o6o ono rrlv nuetro rrlq 0upoetbouq

rtrobo yro ro troyovto oord rot 6vov erqUeror etroXroro nptv

rlv

lptrd

oprrlpiog. 0 nBrrdq rtrodoq nopeferot rpoq T0 ovto, novto oTnv nuetrrrr1 enLtpovero rou l,oyovtou ooroU rot ovooropttlverot pte rov ovr(-

0ero rou, roOdrg xor ue rlptxo rtrodo

rorto enLyoorptoq

oprlpi

eror novo orov nuOgrlvo rqg oupoddXou

r0oqg rot otpor6vet

rtg

onepporo6oXoug ruorerg, rov npoororrl Kot Trlv npooOto-rorol enrqovero rqq ruorrlg. AfueL xAa6o yto r0 lneppouxo nopo, xa06q Kot rnv npoorauxrl oprnpia.

H xotreix{ oprqpio (Etr. 3-241- eorg 3-27). Ayyeio otzti,\oqg roro ruorrulg opqpiog rou ovdpo. llopeuerot rpoq r0 e-

pnpog ror orq ouvdXero xoro plrog rou roLeou, onou btortrodt(eror xor dlver notruopr0poug xtroOouq yLo rrlv npoo0to rot onlo0to enrqovero rou rol,eo0, rrlv roro ror n(out entqoveto rrlg oupodoXou rfoqg ror rrlv nuetrLrq Uo(po rnq ouptl0pog. H rotreirt1 oprnpio, notrtr5g rpopdg drntrr1 f1 rot rptntrt1, ouvl0tr.tg onoretre[ rtrodo qq

plrpro[oq optr1pioq, 0v Kor 0t 0ptopeveq neptnr6oetg exqferot ove[oprrlro ono rrlv dorrl troyovLo oprnpio.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

309

op0onpuKuKoc 6ctKfurltaC Kot

Ypol tl ill

np0KuKot

ofuflal n p(DKttK€ C

KuKnottphC l-tuiKti

0o110t6€C

orE06o

Enrpnxng puixri

ou6a6o AtLroppolArKoC

AvEnKrnpoC LruC tou npoKtou Kot nsDrtovto

Hpo€ u0uiKoC IIUC

6oKtuntac

Op0onp0Ktt KoC

doKtunroa ll poKT

LI pt

or u rlot np(dKtt K€ C Bo nAi6EC

fou no0KfoLl

! r 't*_ i \1 \'+dsPlro .'L--

lvo€ noauK0

6nApovLtoto

/ O'r oTt\ lTtll)o\ Tau npu^rou

npIKttKo l€aoputcr 6loQpoyporo

t-tua

AtLtaDooi,tKac

Elxtivo 3-21' 0Betrtoto rourl, K0T0 rnv usol ypouun, Tlq KoTdTspnq uoipoq TOU opeou Kor Tou npoKT6u. rro A, e{erdor' r.v ruusysgrl, rK.uor., otpLyrrrlpo rou rlpoKT0u, 0 0rl0[0q oxrlu0TL(tt uLo nIOTrO rotvlo oTtg drjo ntreupeg Tou npoKTrKou otrltr4vo. rro B, nopoqpe[oTe Touq rpoKTrroIg oru]'oug rot orlpetroore ort onore],otjv ro0ereg nrux6g rou ptrevvoyovou ror orr roro ro xordrrepo oxpo roug evdrvovror pero(u roug pe 1proetrlvoetoe[g nruxeg rou ptrevvoyovou, rtg nporrtreg BotrptDeq 0t gtr<peg rod,oqreg (goupeg) novo ono rLq BotrBrdeg ovopo(ovror nporr.ror rotrnot (rpfnreg) To rrevtoetoeg roro orpo T0u oiluortouou ouro0, oxrlporL(er qv r],tvrro o4povru<r1 *.ru,or,o'r1 ypolLprl

eio

(orgoppoLbrr<o 6orrutrro).

EonAoc anpor'Vo'auc ool-nrac tou nEauc

fr.

11- 31'111,, ddou, J JilOto\ tOu nSOUC

npaotouiC t-_ I

t,t s

pt va t^

r(tt(

t-ls I

tDpovtl

tr. Ptl Ovt( AUpO\ : Vttlrt^OU

L]/oOpoy/ /oroc HAaKoKKUVIKaC uUC

@vErlKUtpoC l.tuC Tou nDi)KLou)

tv to llo0st EntnorlDC

Eae aQtVKtDpoC

TOU

np0Kfou

YnaOspttottoC

AtoOpoVtro ona

l[t::r

xor)opo ouv6€uKo tota

M9iaIv tonotspaC

Aupo€ t6nC

auv6€otJaC

n€Dtfovtn

Ao VovoK

EuOLtioxto KoC Ao0Da(

K K

uV t Ko C l.tu C

tovsrlKutp0C l.tua tou nDoKLou)

Al \

: voa

y'.) aLrt

ta ta(. | ftj a

il '.]\

Etxoua 3-22' Avoropl rou

e{o orptyrrlpo uu TOu npoKT00. Aprorrpu r rirLrro,\r1g Kor Tulu0 rlq ev To pooet ortf3odog T0u gQryKTrlp0 rx.uv 0v0unoretp6vl ortBooo - onoretroupevrl onrl xotropo ouv0ertr<o roro, puireg iveg rou ove],xrr1po lruog rou nporrrou xor rrlv e{, entplorLBodo rou nporrtrou otl),r1vo - exeL rpqOei, nporetpevou vo onorol,uqoei 11 rloo rurtrorepls'uuiKrl

onoo0eI rot rr1 puit<4

ono[o noxuveror yro v0 Oxrlu0T[oer rov oxo00ro eoor orpLyr<r4po pu rou nporrou.

orrgo0o rou nporrrtrou o'JInv0,

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

310

H0tKn

oultluatl

Kn€ttoptC

tQtyKu)poc trlc oupnep0c

EiLo

MlKpa x€tr'laC

HAoKorlsiKoc ttuc

Aupo€16ttc ttuc

EEe)

aro|to

trortro

^or)sou xonso,

lTotrrtt,oro 'Ea0

ot6otiKo

oyysio rat vsupo Av€nKftlpoC l-tuc tou

laxoKo

NPQKTOU

OTOLIO

KoKKtJylKoC tlUC

M €VCIC

Vnoutn iac ltuC

n p0KLo

Eio a('t'/KLnl)oa

l-1ua

oKKU

VtK

oC o0v6€ apoC

Lau npoKLou

np0KtoC UU qq 0uprlepOq,nou sKQIeT0t oII0 TOv roro r].odo T0u lBtKOu 0oTou. 0t lveg rou QdpgvTql npgq r0 eoco rot 0propdveq Xr0(0vT0r Us ovT(esTdq T0uq, UeToqu llq ouplepoq Kot TOU oroplou T0u K0Ie00 Kot KoToQUovrot oT0 T0tX6U0T0 TOU Ko1r6u (errgvo 3-58t) Iloporqpe(ore r0 onUovrtKo KItvtKo, K6vTp0 rou ilsptv60u, nou 0v0po(erot nsptveiKd 06U0.

Erxdvo 3-23. Avoroun nsprvsou yuv0tK0q. I-loporqperore rov oQryKTrlp0

H pqrproio oprnpio (ELr. 3-24t eog 3-27). H opqpfo ourn Ouvle(liq eKQ0eTor oq 0uT0v0uo 0YYe[0 0il0 Tl']v doo troyovLo OpTIlpi0, nop'oTt dev onortrelerOt v0 eKqueT0t Kot 0II0 Tnv 0UQ0I[-

0prnpr0. tlope0eror oTO ntroYro rolxouo TIlq nuetr0u, uIIpOoTo 0il0 Trlv 6oo troydvLo, Q6peT0t ttpoq r0 KoTo Kot ercepxeTot oTn Baoq rou nAoTElq ouvd1,oltou rnq prypoq. O0ovet orrlv ntroyto Kl'l

rou Kotrs0u Kot n0peueTot npoq T0 ntroYLo Xeitrl pr\rptoio Iprnpfu n\pe1eTat pnpj1To Ku navu ono

U0[p0 TOU 0otrou

Tlq unrpoq.

Tlv lupnTnpo K0vT0 o[nv nLoYn Ul[po TOU 0tiiou. O0ovovToq 0TO urfoq rou Tp0xltrOu, n ulTpt0io opTnpio dtotpe(rot 0e evo ueY0truTep0 ovo Ktrodo, n0u otgordtvet ro ool,to rot rov nu0ptlvo qq pt1Tpoq, Kor 6vo prrporepo rotreiro rtrobo, nou otpor6vet Tov rpoxltro ror rov rotreo. H plrptolo oprrlpro oKotroueel etrtroeLdtl nopeto

gflrpoq Kot KoToIlYet U6 Tov ooenKrKo rrlg rtrodo, oqv oro01t<Lxrl oprqpto, Ue rlv 0ro[0 0v00Togtiveror pero[u rov nero],rrlv rou ntroreog ouvdtlo;tou.

roro Unroq rou ntroyrou

Xeitroug

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

yro Xâ&#x201A;Źitrogirou tpolqtrou (ELr<. 3-25). 0 oupnrnpq,q rrv0uve0er enio4q Vo rptrr0ei xord rqv onotrivooq rov oo0rlxr-

eKQUovTor pe xolvo or5treXog. Orlpovror npoq

rlv

311

peoq ypopprl ror

nopeuovror npoq r0 roror pnpooro on6 roug npoo0roug rtrodouq

rdrv oprrpr6vl(L.X, foro rr1 droprero ooOqrekropng) ro. Otilq dtreq uur{ig ot 6opr6g Bpioxovjsr notrf rovr6 n,U{g ornv otrtrri oro oqgeb dnou 6toox((ouv rrlv ovtirvugl ypoUpn.

rov repov

veupotv. A[vouv onovdutrrro0g rtrodoug or onotoL eroep-

rov npoo0rtrrv repdrv rp4portrrv, oro onovdutrrro oo-rorporovouv rq p4vryyeq, neprBotrtrovroq ro vorrrolo pueLo xot rrg pL(e g rrarz rcpdv veApuv. Ktrodor rotv oyye(ov ourtlv, eXovror,

pe oo.r

trr1vo r<or

(Err.3-28).

urrpil ourrl opqpio nopeuerol dintro ono ro oneu0uopevo. A[ver

[epxovroL ono rov vorrofo ootrqvo Ueoo Tov onro0lov Lepdrv rprlporolv ror K0T0vrUOVTor oroug ilop0Kerp6voug rou repou oorou pueg ror ro bepgo qg neproXrlg.

npooroq Kor rrq onspporoboXoug r0orerg oroug ovdpeg Kor yro rov roLeo orrg yuvoireg.

H p6oq rcp4 opr4pfa

H p6oq orpoppoi6lr{ opr4pio

(ELr.

3-24 ror 3-50).

<trodoug yro Tov

H 6oo or6orixri opr4pio (Err. 3-8, 3-11, 3-j6

errrq 3-18

x0r 3-24). To oyyeio ouro, peyotrurepo oTouq ovdpeg nopo olg yuvotreg, nopeusTor npoq ro ntroyto ror roro, pnpooro ono rov onroerdl pu xor ro tepo ntreypo. ElepXeror ono rrlv nuetro perolu rou ontoeLdoAq Kot Tlu xoxxuyLxou 1,tudq, USoo ono

qv roror po(po rou

ltti(ovoq rcynxoi Tpttparog. H eotrl orborirl oprrlpro neprxopnret 11v

toXtorl orov0o

rov etroooovo roXroiepo ouvbeopo ror ero6u-

0r oTOV eu0uioXroro Bo0po peoo rou etroooovog roXrorou rpqporog. H Sorrl ordorirrl oprrlpio po(i ge ng eoo orDoLireg tptrepeq ror xtrodouq rou ordolirou veupou, nopeuovror prloo orov orboLiro oo-

(rou Alcock), oro nloyro ro(Xrrtgo rou eu0uioXrorou Bo0pou. i1v rlprxrl ouptpuoq q 6oo_r ordorirrl oprnpro onooXr(eror oroug re),lrouq qg xtrodouq: Tlv rv ro poOe r rol rr1 poXro(o opr4trr-1vo

tlpLv ono

o[o rou neouq 4 rqq rAe-ropbog

(Eu<.

3-40, 3-59 ror 3-71 ).

H xdro ytrourroio opr4pio (Err. 3-16 xor 3-24). To oy-

UOVI'Iplq

rou retreuro[ou, 1 rotv d0o re],eurofov oorpuirutv onov6utrov, ro repo ooro Kol Tov xoxruyo ror roro),qyer oe pro oerpo ovoorogdr-

oeolv. llplv qv eloodo Tlq orqv etroooovo nuetro, pepLreq QOp6q 1 peoq Lepq opqpro drver deiro xor oprorepo rrTv 54 oorpuir4 aprqpia (g\ Erx. 2-39) 'Onog rorepXeror pnpooro ono ro repd ooro, U60l Lepq oprqpio biver grrpoug rorXtrrgorrroug rtrodouq, or

ono[or ovooropdrvovror pe rrg ntroyreg repe q aprrlpLeg, Aiver eniorlg lrLr<poug ontroXvrroug rtrodouq yro qv npoo0ro enrqovero TOU op0ou. 0r oprqpieq 0uTrq 0v00TOprilvovrol pe rrg ovto ror peoeg oLgoppoidrrdg opqpieg.

ye[o ouro nopeueror [poq ro nioot gero{u rtrlv rep6v veuporv (ouvr10og rou l2 ror l3) ror e[epXeror ono qv nuetro gdoo ono rrlv ro-

rolTepl po(po rou pei(ovog toyLoxoA rp1porcq rortrl ono Tov 0nr0eLbq pu. Argor6ver roug pueg ror ro deppo rou ytrourou ror rrlg on! o0rog enrqoveroq rou prlpori. 0r ryeq rAaloL tou onfultou oreAeXlug Tnq eou Aoylvrug oprrlpiog (ovo ytrourLoro, Loyovoorpuirq ror

ptrpl

ourrl oprrlp(o e rquerol ouvrl0og ono qv on[o0ro enrqovelo rrlg rortrrorrlq ooprqg, nprv ono ro drXoolro Tnq, 0v xor dev onor),sierol exquoq ono qv npoo0ro enttpoveLo TIS (gI. Err.2-95). To prrpo ouro oyye[o nopeueror epnpog ono ro odrpo H

H Ueon reprl oprlpto onoretre[ rc oupalo oxpo qq epBpuilx7q payn[aq oopr4g, ro ono(o oupprrvdrveror pero rrlv e[oqovrol rqg oupog rou epppuou (Moore, lggB).

H 6vu crtlroppoi\tKi dprnpfq

ntroyto repq) onoretrouv, roro rupLo troyo, puirouq rtroboug.

H 6vo ytrourroio oprqpio (Err. 3-16 r<oL3-24). Meyotro oyye[o nou erqfetor ono ro onioOro oretreXog rrlg 6otrt troyovrog 0pqprog, qeperor npoq T0 nfoo ror nopeueror pero[u rou 0oQU0repou oretreXouq K0r rou npoo0Lou npo-rreIovrog rtrobou rou iou Lepou veupou. E[epXeror ono rqv nuetro pdoo ono qv ovto gorpo tou pe(ovoq Loytoxol rpqpotog, novo ono rov onloerdrl

UU K0r

0r-

porover roug y),ourLo(ouq pueq.

H troyovooguir{ oprqpio (Err. 3-16 ror 3-248 roL t). ErpueroL ono ro onlo0lo or6treXog rrlg 6otrl troyovrog oprrlpiog ror nopeueror npoq T0 novo ror ntroyro npog rr1 troyovro neprrovlo.

H opqpio ourrl noptoro v1 ouvtyen Tnq Koru peoevrepLaq oprr1piog (Err. 3-50, Btr. en(or1q Err. 2-81). Xro(etot Ue r0 0prorepo rorvo troyovro oyye(o ror rp6peror peoo oro ;reoooLypoerd6g, orrlv e),oooovo nuetro. Iro ugog rou 3ou repo0 onovDu),ou onooXf(eror oe duo rtrodouq, or ono[or nopeIovror erorepoOev Tou onru0uopevou gdXprrov eoo orpryrqpo rou nporrou (Err. 3-21). H ovrrl orpoppoibrrq opqpio ovooroptirverot pe r<tro6oug rqg pdoqg or_ lroppoidu<r1g oprqpioq rtro6o qg doo troyovrog, K0r Us qv roro.r 0rlLoppoidrrl opqpio, xtrobo rqg 6otrr ordorirrlg oprrlp(og.

0dperor roronrv pnpooro ono qv repotroyovro opOptooq ror n(otrl ono ro pe((ovo r}oirn pru, onou napepBaAAnat pera{A rou \upo-

H uo9ryxrxry opr4pfo

eLdolq veipou Kot Tlu ootpuo[epol

H ooOqxrrl opqpio ertpueror ono rrlv rorLrorq ooprrl rorot q veqpLr4 opqpio, ov r<or oprero LfltroTepo ono rrlv roro geoevrepro (Err. 3-25, 3-26 xot 3-28 BI. eniorlg Err. 2-95). Ko0trrg roreu0fveror ttpoq r0 rorot, qeperor opdorrtg roror ono ro neprro-

orileyouq.Iqv

pLrov(o 1 Loyovooorpuir<r1 oprqpro onooXr(eror oe.

troyovro ne-

1) Aayovto

do,2) oorpuiro ricido nou orpor6ver rov pei(ovo rfoiTn rpoyovo oorpuixo

Kor

xAo-

rov Tr-

1ru.

Or nAdyreg rep6g oprrlpieg (Etr. 3-16 ror 3-24B ror t-). To oyye(o ouro, ouvrlOoq ovo ror roro oe roOe nleupo, erquovror ono ro onioOro or6tre1og rrlg eotrr trayovrog oprqpiog. IuXvo

ono

v0r0 Kor nopeueror eltnp6q oru6 rov oupqrr1pa, oro onfo0to roltrroro roiXrrtlLo. Ko0tirg eroepXsror 0Tlv etroooovo nuetro Xro(eror pe

rqv revrpLr1 golpo rov e[o troyovurtv oyyerov.

Irq

ouveXero rpe-

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

s12

Eoo n1vavto optupto KoivD novovt0 ilattlDt0

Ave Vnouuoio opulpto Koto vnouttoio oputpto E'Jt) 0t6alI 1t atllTllplo A7xtKo oVV€to

A0V ova

A a

tf t a

n € QtLov

nor,ro'r,' ror,u M:a:t ^uor,ru otitoPPotdl^tt oPTt)Pto

E[tn r]oVovto oPtttDio

nu€dtKo ann1xvlKo v€upo

EEe novavn Qn€6ct Av(n KUafIKti 0DulDto

,n€pttottKoc nopac Kalt

opLttDio

AltOoniKn oDTnpto Av a)lJo n

t) I n (

ou ptK ti

)

ALt

pos t 6t)

+)d€0o K01 JDTttDtl

0utoa t6: i, v::uDa K0t Qt)alitt Oup06oxoc KUa|)

Kotvt)

rl oV

ovto oDt tl 0to ooquor)aVovto opTnpio

Ea0 novovto oDtttPto

E,0 novovlo

oDTttPto

AuDoFtOttC 0PtttPta

Avl) I

A00€t n€Ptonoll€vt1 rl1vavtl oDUtpt0

Korl I

fnauucilsc oNnPiEC

Kote KUouKn oPulPt1 KIT(D

1.1

€n

tvo

ot Dto 0 pt

t tD

1.0 lJ.r'9',4. Ot tq 0tltt t t (At 1lA1. 1,ta\ atlCO.]ALwA|ra\ ALtvo, Jt-l -

Av(1)

K Lt

€C o

Dt n qts

M € an o

oppoi,t Kn

o Prt1 Ptct

"rr"ri:::"::i:,:) npoororrKoq Knd6oC Tnq Kdta KUouKnq oprnpioq

n0ps00Errovo 3-24. A. Avoropq dLo rou n\oyLou r0rxrdl,r0l0q 0vbptKlq IusI0u. tloporqpe(ore T0v 0upr]Trlp0 K0t TOv OnspuoTtKO n0p0, 0t 0n0[0t r] 0uouTO, rT0 rop0oKe00ou0 0YYt[0, Kor r0 eup0stdl vrq. {iqo 0r0 T0 reprT0v0r0 KqL xrq(ovTor us T0 6qo troyovLo 0yy0r0, Tlv 0uQohKl opl'lpi0 f. AoYovLeq oe ovdpo. Ktrddol TOuq Kot ot troyovteq opTrlpitq qouv1eq B. Ot qprlpiq opTrlpio. entyoorpt0 p6srdnq SKQUq 0n0 Trlv KoTo spQqvr(sr

0puprsq

KOr

0r K\000t touq

YUV0[K0.

NYEAOE. KAI NEPINEO

313

Kotvt) rloVovto opT n pto

OaOu onovovto otJT Eo(D

rl1vovto optDpto

Av(')

0upot tdtlC oDTDpto K

nno vto tsptl uputpto

Eae novovto oNnpto

ti p

0t0

I )

r,tor,n,,, optnptsc

PoAst n€prcnoLt€vtl

novovto opuipi0 Mntptoto 0ptnpto Kor(D

tVoortJto

o prn

pto

oLtAontKh

AVo

4,6o',no ,sr1to

LEoe obaiKn oprtlpto

no V t aC o LtQo aloK u o't t K 0C ouvOEol-toC (o n oQpo xeE too n

optnpn)

MEon otl.toppoi6tKti

opuipio

KUoTIK€C QDTI]DIEC

OupaAoxoc KUouj

Kon€iKti opttlpio

nAdytct 64rn

Erxtivo 3-24.

ptT0r npoq Tl,l ueol yp0uun Kor nopeljeTor ueo0 oTov KpeuooT7po l1vdeo1l Tnq ulenKng yro v0 KoTolrlleL orrlv ovor nloyro gorpo Tou nl0T60q ouvdrioUou rnq UrlTp0q Kor v0 0rU0T6oer Tnv (lloerlKn

opqp(og ourqq, pe eloipeorl v1u oltgoALxr1 rpAepa,1onoi0 ouvn-

oOyoyo. H rrro0lrrrl oplr|pio 0v0oT0u6vrT0r ue rn un-

outro, rorotrqyer orrlv nutroio rptrdpo (ptr. Err. 2-83). H Aoyovoogu-

KOr TOv

Tpro(o opTrlpto (Err. 3-26B).

AAeBtxrT

nopoxSreuon rng nut\ou

H nuetrog ilopoxsTsueTor rupitrrg 0n0 rrq eou Aoyoveq pAtrtro6oug roug (Etx. 3-24A, pI. eniolg Err. 2-105), ov

feq ror roug

xor ronorou poOpou onoyoyrl rou o(gorog enue),e(ror ror grloo rrlg

ovtrl orpoppoidrrrlg,

peorlg reprlg K0r Trlq oo04rKr1q qlepog. Mrrprl nooor4ro olporog onri rqv nue],0 roreuOuveror enroqg oro

eou EAeprco onovduAtxo nAeyporo (BL Err. 4-53).

qlepo our4 oupBotrtrer

Ue Tnv

dlo

troyovro rptr6po roL oxnU0-

u(etr4v xotvrl Aoy6vn qleBa, r, ono(o ev6veror Us Trlv ovriOer1 Tnq yro v0 oXrlpor[oouv r1v ovu xoiAr1 EAepo oro ut]log rou 05 onovdutrou (ptr. Err. 2-82,2-83 ror 2-105). H eoo troyovro rptrrlBo pproretoL nloor ror rorot ono rqv eoo troydvro opr4pio (Err. 3-16 r0r 3-24), ror or rtrodor rrlg e[voL nopolrotor Ue T0uq rtrodoug rqg

ro oryoyy1Ao olvdtolto (p\.

Ex.2-67). To oyyero ouro, ro ono(o peprr6g

rpop6g dXer ovorrro

ix4 rpAepo ouvrl0og erBotrtrer oqv rorv4 troyovro rptrepo (pI. Err. 2105). 0r ovto ylouloleq Qlepsq, or ouvobdg ptrepeq rorv ovrr_r yLourro[rov opqpuirv (Err. 3-24), e(vor or peyoAArepoL xAaloL qq

eou Aoy1vnq rpAepog, pe elo(peo1 14 droprero rr;g rur1o1g, onore or pqrpro[eq Qlepeg ro0forowor geyotrurepeg. 0r qlepeg rrlg nu6trou o1q;rol(ouv nueALxo rpAepu<o nAeypo-

ro (Err. 3-29). To ovooropoupevo ouro rptreprrd dirruo e(vor orlpovrtro oqv xtrrvrrrl npolrl. To rptrepLxo ouro nldyporo, (orpoppoibLro, ruorrro, npoorolro, prpproio ror rotreiro) evtirvovror Kor rKBotrtrouv rup(og orqv eoo: troyovro qtrdpo, ov ror peprro erpotrtrouv 96oo qg ovto orpoppoidrrrlg qtreBog orqv roro peoevr6pro qtr6po

(pI.

H 6ou Aoy6vro EA6BI H

0trrg onoqpoooeror Kor oXrl;rori(er

ELr. 2-83).

To nueArxd onAdyvo To nue),rro ontroXvo efvor ro opyovo ro ono[o dev e[vor duvorov vo onoporpuvOouv onri r4v nuetro, nopd povo pero ono erroUl rouq (n.X ro opOo). Atrtro nuetrrro opyovo e{vot 17 oupoloyoq xAorrT rura yevvquxa opyavo Kor Tov duo rputrtrrv.

314

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Ave unaVOotpto nn€V Lto

ot € p ti K otv i n ovovto Qn€Po Kor oTnpto

Apt

Pi(o tou t Ea€vt€piou

OupnTnpo C

Koun Lt€asvr€p0 ovv€io Kot v€Apo QpanKtKo oyyEio

T€ntKoC €nsaC

KOt V€U?O

AKpouipto tou t€poj ooLoi

Piao tou otvLtost6o0C

p€aoKanou oxiporaC

M€o€vt€pi6to

E€to

Etf,€otufntKi nruxti ,Ko

n n Kos

t6ti C

o n

i ctvovto ct pt n pt ct

Eao novjvto opttltJto Kps po

0Qu otl

ati

po C a0 vOs

ot-t

tna eo)hKnC OuptluipoC

Qo0tiKtj

Mirpo Qovovoc a€ ovlonoon

Mnqnoio optritJio

nnoL0c ouv6€ol-toC

ulc utltpoc

KorI) t ntvo otpt o o pu pto t

Ouotlrnooc

,Wavv0noc oivosoLtoC tnq ptirpog

Opeo

Kflo6oC uiC t tntpoKodsiKnC

oprnpioC yto uiv oup060xa KUOttl

KuouKo rpivL)vo

HBtKo

Etxtivo 3-25. llpoo0ro

0rirr.l

ooto

0v0r0plq yuv0rKaL0v r0L0 ysvvlrKov 0py0vov, n onor0 K0r0 KUpro Loyo beLlveL rqv r\Lvrro 0lUovrrKl nopsr0 rnq nur-

trrrr1g porpog Tou ouplrrlpo.

To 6pyovo rou ouponor4rrxot ouor4trtarog To ouponor4rrxd oforqpo (BI. Err. 2-84,2-87 ror 2-BB) ono-

retre[tot ono: (1) drio onerrpurro opyovo, roug veqpoUg ro ono(o nopoyouv to oupo, roL (2) duo pa oTnv oupodoxo

oupqqp4 nou rore uOuvouv ro ou-

xlorr1, ph de[opevrl yro Trlv npoooprvl

onoOr1-

Keuo1 Tov o0prov, geXpr rqv onopotrl roug ono rov opyovLopo, ge-

ou rnq oupq1pog.0L veqpoi

pp[orovroL

orlv rortr(o (BI. Keq. 2)

rot neprypdtpovror oT0 ovrlororXo xeqotroro. OL oup4rqpeg (Err. 3-244 eoq 3-28, PL en(o1g Err. 2-82 rot 2-87). H evdonuetrrrrl po(po rorv ouprlrqpov, or ono[or noprorovouv lrutlderg orrrtrqveq pqrouq 25 ex., neprypoqeror oro Keq. 2

go(( pe rouq veqpoug. Ko06q or oupqrrlpeq eyrorotre(nouv qv rod,lo ror eLo6pXovror orqv eloooovo nuetro, Xro(ovror pe rrlv ovrrlvuprl YpOuun pnpooro ono qv 6rquol rolv dltrl troyovulv oprqpuirv. H evdonuetrrrrl ;roipo rorv oupqrqpov nope0eror onro0onepLrovoir<0, oro nl,oyro ro(Xorlro rrlg nuetrou, npoq T0 nloor ror ro-

To, Kor pnpooro ono rrg Sotrr troyovreg oprlp(eq. IuveX((ouv rrlv nope(o roug Udxpr 1, 5 er., novor ono lg roXroxeg drov0eg. Kd0e ouplrnpoq oro oqpe(o ouro ovoxognTer rpoq ro epnpog ror 6orrt, novol ono rov ovelxrrlpo UU TOU npoKTou, onou 6pXeror oe orevrl ox6ol Ue ro nepuovoro.

Irov ovdpo, ro povo dpyovo ro onolo nopeppotrtrsror perolf ouplqpo rot neprrovolou elvol o oneppouxlq, ndpoq.0 ouplr1poq Bpioxeror npoq r0 elot rou nopou ror ero6pXeror oTlv 0up0doxo ruorl ono qv on(oOro enrqovero rrlq, oro opro pero[0 rou orirporoq ror rou nu0pevo rrlg xuoqg, orprptirg novol ono rn onWparo\oyo x}orq (Etx.3-24A,3-29 ror 3-30). Iq yuvoixo, o ouplrrlpog nopeferor flpoq r0 rorol, novo oro ntroyro rofXopo rqg etroqoovog nuetrou (Err. 3-25 doq 3-28), onou orpopr(er ond nlou.r

rov

of|xtro poOpo. Ko0drq rorepo[ver o ouplrrlqg plrpro(oq opqp(oq, p6XpL ro uQog

pog, nopeueror npoq T0 6oor

rqg

LoXrorr1q

oupnrnpo.

orovOog, onou 1 prlrprolo optlp(o nepvo novol ono rov

Irq

ouveXeLo o

ouplrrlpog rpdperor rovro oqv ntroyro lroi-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPNEO

€ t-toot

po C

315

oiv6 s opaC

ttl:

0OAiKnC

Qoen KtKti

oprnoio Qcr/o'/ ca

eoV0V0C

ttpoyvinoc

ouv6€otroC LtlC

LtitAoC

MsaoaatrlntVyto QoAnKn 41!.Jo0oAnKto

Mntptoto opttil)to

,r)o'/yunaC aJ t,6saltoC

"':

Mtltptoi(t

oputpio

l l0tpt

Cu-''r-'- -'-

nuOLt€v1C tnC LrntpoC

,rpovvAnoc ouvdsapoC tnc pnfpoc Kp€Ltoottip0c a0v6€oLnC tttC 0o?hK[]C QoenKtKti ctpUtplo

QoV0yoC

Qo0nKtKoC Kno6oC I-ruTproioc opttlproc

MnTptoio opulpio

Tp0xnnoC

Kot

nornro tau rpoxtirlou

TpoxnrloC KonEiKtl oprtlDict

iEv6oKontlKti t toipo)

KorlEoC

Elxtlvo 3-26' A' Auo opeLroieg rop6g rou nlordoq ouv0eopou pe orono r1v rorooer{r1 rou geoevreprou rrlg prppog. To peoevrepLo T0u o0yoy0.1, ileooootrnlYYLo) ruL rqc, ooe(<qq (geoooto0(rto\ e(vat en(cqc, epqarrrl. B. t\p6osru s\\ \$\ lurrorxelol eo$ )r,wlr\Krb\ 0p]qvrDv 0urru qno coipeorl rou ntroreog ouvoeopou Tplpo rou rotxtirporog prlrpog roL rotreou rlxer orporpe0ei. l-loporqpeLore ng ovooroptiroetg pero(u qg 6o0r1rr<t"19 xot r4g plrptoiog oprrlpiog xoOdrg roL pero[u rou rotreirou rtrobou rqg prlrproiog oprrlpiog rot rqg ro],eirfg opqp(og. '0],eg ourdg 0r 0v0or0.rrrloeLg yfvovror pero(0 rotv nero],rrtv rou n],or6og ouvdeopou qg plrpog.

rlv

r0 rou eo^ou

Tou Kotreou, KUp(oq ornv 0proTepn ntreup0 Kor sroepxr_

:0r ono rnv on(oero ovtrt yovio rrlg oupodoXou ruoqq peoo o'our4v. Apr4pieg xol rptrepeg rou ouprlrfpov (Eu<. 3-24 ror 3-25, ptr. an(oqg Err. 2-93). H nuetrrr4 po(po rou ouprlrqpo orpor6veror ono

1v elo ror eoo.r loydvro oprqpro, r<o0drg ror ono lg ruolr6g

op-

rqpreg. Irrg yuvoireg, or oprrlpleg n0u nro ouvrl0ropevo oLporcilv0uv rrlv nuetrrrrl po[po rtr_rv ouprlrqptrtv onore],ouv rtrodouq rurv gqrproLurv opqprdrv. Irouq ovdpeg, ovotroyor rtrobor npoepXovroL ono rLg rortl) ruolreg oprrlpreg. 0t cptrepeg oroiou0ouv Trq opTlpieg nou nepryporplrov ror eXouv ovrlororlo ovriporo.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

316

K Ds

tto ot

poc auvdsaLtoc tnc Lno1n^l)a

Qciv(,)Voq

QoV(1)VoC

,,,'in,

auv6.ot.to. TtlCt-ilifpoc

KotnnKo oLol-tto

uov0vou

nnotuc

Mntpt0t0 ofttlTt? =*;Kor'ls t^

auv6soLtac tr)c l.ilttpoc

n 0eutato rlai:.

aupntnpoc

MnTptoto oputpto

11...

AupnulpoC

(tt€ nt0o)

Kon€ iKti

oputpto

KuouKo tptVevo

0p0o

n€otrovto

nou aulPtl€! Lov Konso

Av€nKTupoC l.tuC

tou no0Ktou

tt€tn€oc nou

ono

't€pxEtot utv aupn0P0

MtKpo xEtnoc ot6oiou

Konsac

Msvono xstrlac 0t5atou

Erxdvo 3-27. tlpoo0to oQl

Urllp0q (01

Iov 0lllilil', ljr! irl

r'[1

trl L]rlril 'rl

1rr1f11,11. rL

Lrrrr

t(I0( 0ii0 T0 KUOITKO

I0ty(rlv0, sXOuv 0Q0tpe0e[.

Op9o

Aupt)rnpoC

QoeDKtKo ovvsto

Kos

ctoLti pct

Lt)C

uvds oLt oc 0a0nKnC QOVOVOC

Eu0ul lnrptKa K

ou vds a poc

oc au v6€ ol-toc

,tpovvinoc

ti T po

G'r,rir;t

o0h Ktlc

rr.uo.,rt'r r

I t,,,,,;,rc ["Y' '1"'

ouva€oLtoc

ulc

ann0 Lto

l,4titpo ,tpaWUnoC auv6€opaC ulc l-ilttpoc

1-lDrpoc

Kuot€o|.il)tptKa Konn0lrct EVKopoto KUouKn ntuxti

Ke[0 sntV0aTDto n s p tt

oVVFlo

nop0KXUartKaC Aa0poC

Enurpo€tODc 0noQuon Lou ( F 0 vol Kto ot ol-l to ) l-1

ovo t oLt

n r)aty iL

/i tr )lli/

tfo

rr j

(] o K

{(). /11,

ot )

Oup06o\a( t

KUoLtl

c ou v6s al lac

t1l1(1.i

t nJ)lJ

)

Erxdvo 3-28. Ano{q ono n0v0J rujv nurItKLdv 0pyLtvov !uvurKri\ iluprurrlpeLota lrl UIllp0, 0XIlU0t0q 0X^0Otou. Il 0llol0, onoq ouvn0oq, Bpiorerot oe 6KKsvTprl geon. e06 KNver 0prorep0, InUer6ore orL ro oo016rr<o oyyeto Xt0(0vT0t pe ro eqo \oyovto 0YYe(0 n0tr0 Kovrd orov ouplTrlp0.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

,nspl,tottKoC

nopac

317

,Totilo tau oupDrtipcl M€aaoupnutptKh nruxti

AuptlrnpoC

n€ottavoto I

KuauKo tpivovo oUp060xou

Eoo otolilo ulc oupi]poa

llpoorottxoc rorlnoc En€pltou^o no|,tDto

KLtoLnC

1 )

Oupn0poto oKponaT,io Yt-t€vo'nC t-toipo LnC oupti?poc

,DpoVVddtiC Ltoipo rnC oupri0octC

Etxtivo 3-29' To eootreptxo Trlq ov0ptKnq oupodoxou Kuorlq Kor rng npooroTrKlq ouprlOpog. To npoo0ro Turluo qq K[oTr]g, TOU np6gTqTrl Kor Tlq oupl0pog otpotpd0r|<ov. AroLou0loe ropl rou onloOtou rotxtitporog qg ruorrlg roro prlxog T0u ovo xeLtroug rou de[rou ouprlrlpo K1l Tlq peogouprlrqpLrtlg nruXrlg H nruXrl ourl ouvddet roug oupr[rlpeg rot onoretre[ ro ovtr-r opro rou ruorrrou rpryrrlvou. l-lopor4perore ro pLrpo e(oyropo oro nloo, ovo rot eool oropto rqg ouprl0pog, ro ono(o erpooov oull0ei onore],et rrlv rrovldo qg xuoqq. H pu<pr1 ourrl npooerpotrrl dlptoupyeiror ono ro peoo troBo rou npoororl.

OupnutDoa

,n€pltottKoC nopoc

n€pttovoto

.:Irr!

,td

f}efr

tnspLrottKta nhKUeoC

tn€pLroro6oxo< KUALI]

EKanspLtououKoC

Erxrjvo 3-30. 0nro0ro oQf

napoc

K0orlq, rou

0upo0oXOU

nopou, rlq

onspu0T000xou KUoTrlq Kor T0u npooT0tl.

llpoorotnc

YltEve6t)c ouen0D0

rlq

onspUoTLKou

H oproreprl ottspUoTOboXOq (u0Tl K0r rl O[rpuoTrKr] trr1xu0og rou 0plOrsp00 onspOp 0 o^ u

Dttov t tt

ponrou nopou rlxouv ropeI

KOr dr0v0txO0[.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

318

Miaoc ol,tQonoKUouKaC

KotnroKn ooprtl

o0vOtoLtoc

M€ooC aLrQonoKUouKoc a u v 6 € o t-t o C ( u n o n € t Lt t-t o Lou oupoxou)

OpAontKn optr)pio

oup06oxoC KUortl H0rKti ouLtOuot)

nDoorouKtl oupti0po OupuApcl

Kev11, oupodoXoq xuorq evqtrtrou, oe oUonooq B. Kevrl ruorrl norOrou. |oporrlpeiore ro orporroetbds oxt1go rnq oT0 oXlgo B q oupo0oXoq r0oq Bp(orerot oqv roLtr[0,

Erxrivo 3-31. A.

or€roLr€vn ou p060xoc

t<ot

ot tl

nnotuc ouv6€oLroc Qa0u.

noKn

Qo0tiKtl MtitDo

--\ qg

oupoOoXou ruorqg ovdpo (I1e0t0Elxrivu 3-32. A. kiroo nou 0eilveL iqv Xp1or1 r0u KUOTr00K0nr0u Ue qv RD: Anatomy by Dissection of the ono: Laurenson An lntroduction to Clinical oqre ono ro D.M. Hutchinson. Avodqprooreferot roronrv oderog yuyoirog. f. AroypolLlLo rou unepqXoyporpfuneplXoypoqrlporoq nu6trou Human Body. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1968) B. Eyroporo onerrovrorl porog nu6trou rou oXlporog B. (llpoorpopo Dr. A,M. Arenson, Enlroupou Ko0lVlq Arlvo],oy(oq, lloventor4plou rou Toronto. Toronto, Ontario,

orono rov etreyXo rou eoorepLrou

Canada).

NYEAOZ KAI NEPNEO

319

n€ArovoiKti Kornoulr1 Op?oC KotnnKoC LtuC

YnopoYvast6nc xdpoc

lstitKo vnltotto .!

EU J UK U

OntoeonBtKoC xdpoC

ap0a Eu0uKuottKn nsAt(cviJ

HprKn oiLreuon Onto0onBrKo ntnoc 1

JL r : r':r.r,-::rt/a

6on p oorot t KoC oAv6E oLroC

Av€nKtitJoC LtuC Tau npoKtou

Ev L0 poe€t poxroio Qn€po tou n€ouC HAoEU0ulKoc

npooLoutC

ro poAit t sntnorlnsl Motl):\ tau I F{d oQtvKTnpo Ynabspttorto ) tou n1,,:^rou

EvOaAontBtKoC EoepoC -

. , :cC anpovvd'ouC odt.totoc tuC OUPtl]PoC

'Eoe

Ouptiepo npoKt

nooAn

^ohn

Bctrlovoc tou n€auC

aQtVK-uipoC

tau npoKroi

ot or u not ouv€voj Lr€vot ar a o^po Iouc ono r rc npoKTth€c t

0on BiA€c

,Koeo€t6nc Bo00oc 0pxtC

Yn06€plt1ilo BonDoonpoVVe6nC t tuC ,QtVKrhpoC uuC mC oupti7poC Kor n€prv€iKti Lr€uBaovn

nrnontiC

Ev r(D goqsr

,o,o,r,o, €€Lu

o|tv^utpo

Tou npLdKTou

r.-l_ l) nopooopftKot @ ror. rr€a€vr€ptot 13 Kotvoi noyovrot ffi ,o, noYovtot il rr,, floyovtot ffi ,r,rora,i, BoupbvtKai @l ,u., plest poupo)vtKoi

ffi

rrpo,

WA nopoopo,xot Erxrivo 3-33' A' opetrtoio T0un, K0r0 {r}v ue0l yp0uurl 0voprKrq nuslou. tlopoiqpe(ore rlv npoor0rrKn oupngpo n ono,o 0o rou npoor0q B' AeuQtKn n0poxdTeuorl rov oupnrrlpov, Tlq oupoooxou KUoTrlq, T0u npooroTrl,

*rr,u,

T0u ottspuoTrKou nopou Kqr

,,,,,,,,,]))))))))ililltttl't'

nri rrlnLrpLrsl.l lJr-

rrlg 0upn0p0q.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

320

Oi oFov6ut'lJ,

QoVoVoC QoAnKn EKe n

KorI n noVtoC

€n

a0v6€ aLt oC

tvo

lJOo @n

Ko€ tO ti C 0n oQu

at oto oot t pio 1

oKU

otl :"r .]

orIKoc

[-^o-.r,no.,rrn, o u v o : a I n c I r,tc,uognn,tc

oQPo x0 €t acl

oLtoontKi opulpt0)

l:i

au v6. o t toc I lnf p 0 c

TpoxnnoC

f t p o VV u

c o u v 6 s oLto C LiliTtJ0C

Mt,tpo

Kuat€ol,illfptKo

Eu0ul-tnTptKt) nruxt1

KannoLto

Kot Kannel.to

oup060xoc K0arn HptKn a0LtQuon

npufiaKoKKUVtKoc auvdsal taC

Onroeon0tK0C xepac Kot ninoc

Av€rlKLtlpoc l.tuC tou np0 Ktou

OuPn0Po

KoLroptToc auv6toLtoc

NtKUAoc tou opqau

LttC tlAttC

MtKpoc xsinoc

npdittKoC odtlnvoc

M€Vo11o xstnoC

Kon€oC

Erxtivo 3-34. A. 0Petrtoto

ropl

ul.

K0r0

rrl us0f

Ypgu-

YUVorKs[oq nuslou tloporqpeiore TO onIoeto

rulu0 rou rpoxlltrou ro

noio BpioKsroL tunpog on0 ro su0uflrprKo Ko\norUo, B. AsUQrKl.l

ilopoxtrtu-

0n rulv 0uplrnp(')v rlq 0upo00x0u KUOrlq ou pt 000q

ilopooopuKat

rorro rso€vrspnt

KOt

Tlq

il ro,uo, novovtot ffi ro,, novovrot il Eg,, rlovovtot ffi pr,ron,i, pouBt,tvtxoi ffi Eu.,, r;oo€t AouAovtKai

ffi r.po, il nnrnnro,*o, l

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

321

v€upa

l3 vsupo KoKKUVtK0C l-tuc

tnnoxvtKo v€up0 u)C NU€NOU

to opqo N€upo Vt] tov ovsnKuipo IJU tau np(l)Krou KnoAat Wo

HDaKaKKUVtKoC LtuC

H6atuAuiKaa ]tuc fv l,,J pod. I ..1 . F,nottt.- rtatlJ \ LOU €€o AQIVKTIIIJO TOU NPOKIAU

YnoA€Dl

BanAocnpoVVdAnC tuC

tott0

tnoalt)C

MatpsC tou €€(,) oQtVKutpo

(AII NDQKLAU

t0l.t0 Iau nsptv€ou

Erxrivo 3-35. A. Mdol oBetrroro ropii, ovdpLrlg nu6lou. To op0o, o npotrrLrrlg oo.tr4vog r<or o BotrBog rou n6oug eXouv orporpe0ei yro v0 onorotrurp0ouv o elo otpryr<rrlpog rou nporrou rot o ovetr_

rrlpog

rou nporrou. Iqper6ore ol o 4Bororruyrxoq pug e_ onopourpo nporerp6vou vo otporpeOei o nporrrroq oortrrlvog, orov onolo o pug ervor roro dvo Uspoq npo_ or<oLtrqpdvog (ptr. enronq errovo 2-14). B. Atoypop;ro T0u nrpLro_ volou, ro onolo rotrunreL ro opyovo qg ovdpLxrlg nud),0u, oBetrtoLo ropq. llopoqpelore rqv nopelo rou nepuovolou: 1. ond ro npo_ o0ro roriroro rorXo1ro,2. novo ono rqv qBrrrl ouptpuor1,3. orqv ovo enlrpovero rrlg oupodoXou KioTrlg, 4. 2 ex. npog T0 K0T0l oTlv lLug

1eL dtoXtrtpro0er, yeyovog

l io0auBtKoC

xopoc

onlo0ro enrqovero qg oupodoXou xrjoqq, 5. oro ovrrt XerLoq rotv onepp0ro0oXrov ),ry<uOrov, 6. npog ro nlool yro vo op(oeL ro euOu_

np0KLtKoC

aupa6oxaC

otarltivoq

KUAUI

ruorLro rotrnopo, 7. vo r<otruqer ro op0o, 8. npog T0 nr00l yro v0 peroneoer oro oryuoerdeq usodK0I0.

B H 6on

Oaor or

oc ouv6s at rcc

Aeptpoyyefo rtov oupqr{ptov (ELx. 4-338 roL 4-34B). H treprpog

:;q droxereueTor oT0uq ooprLroug, rorvoug troyovLoug, 6oo ror :lo troyovroug leptpodeveg. Nefpcro4 rarv oup4r{ptov (Err. 4-36 xot 4-47, ptr. enroqq

:-64). To veIpo nou drovepovror orov ouprlrlpo

Erx.

npo6pXovror

ono nopore[pevo ourovolro nl6yporo (verpprro, eoo onepporrxo t1 too0lrrro xor roro unoyoorpro), ro ono(o rpdpouv oro0lrrreq (veg rou novou. Kevrpopotreg rveg ono rov ouplrqpo eroduouv oro vorrolo puetro bto rtov onlo0frr-rv pr(drv rotv 0 j l, O j 2 roL Oi VeUptr.tV.

322

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

0r ouplrnpeq eivot btorotol rvoputirdeLg otltrqveg, ot ono[or Oreupuvov{ot 0t nepinttoorl ondrppo[nq rouq (ELx. 3-27). 0€ero onorppoll toug npoxol,e(rot ono 0upnrnplxorig ti8oug. Av rot 1 6(obog gLxpdrv triOtr:v ouvtl0oq nporotret rlnio q xoL ro06trou ndvo, 6vrovog n6vog nporotrel-

ror ono peyotrouq tr(0ouq. To oupnrtirpoto Kot rl Bopuqrd rouq eloprc0vrot on6 qv evrontol, ro e(doq xoL to p6ye0og rtov trL0ov, otrtro rot on6 qv enLqdveto rouq, ov dqtrodr; e(vot oUotrn n ovtrlpotrrl. 0 novog nou nporotre(rot ono tri0o ovotp6peroL olq roLLr6q. 0 rotrtroq nporolelrot ond

rov unspttoptorotrrtopd rou tltqporoq tou ouprlrflpo nou ppioxetot ndvo ond rnv ondqpo|rl' Iuvrl0olq o roLtx6g ouvodeueror r1 orotrou0e(tot ono rlntorepo rot nto ouvexrl n6v0, rou otpeitrerot orqv dtdroorl rou ouprlrrlpo Kot Trlq verppLrrlq nudtrou. 0t oupqtrlptxo( tr(Oor e[vot nt0ovov v0 np0ro),rloouv fiInpn n dtotreinouoo dLoronl Tnq ponq rtlv o0pcov. H onoqpolrl pnopei vo otpopo oe onotodqnore orlpe[o

rou ouprlqpo (Err. 3-24A, 3-27 ror 3-28), oltro nto ouXvo evron[(erot (1) oro oqpeio nou o ouprlulpog XLo(erot pe rnv r1€ol troY6vto opqp(o Kot Trlv ovtilvuprl ypopprl, rot (2) orqv ruortxtl ltoipo rou, 6nou o ouprlrrlpog nopeferot trolo, 96oo oro ro(Xtrt1.to rrlq oupoboxou ruoqg. H nopouo(o oupqqptxtrlv triourv pnope( vo entpepoLtrtoei rpio roLtr(og n Ue ev6orptrepto nuetroypotpio

pte

orrtvoypo-

(pI. Etx 2-89).

0upqrqptxd ouyrp(poro 11 tri0ot eivot duvotov v0 0n0porpuvOoriv pe Tpetq rponoug: Xepoupytro, pe evdooxont169 oupotroytrrlq UeOobouq n trrOorptrilio. Xetpoupytx6g enep-

roBooetq Yto u1v otpoipeoq triOtlv bev erretro0vrot ouXvo, Otirq oL otrtreq Ouo p60o6or onorelouv peOodouq ertroyrlg'

Irqv evdooronrrfl

oupotroy(o, T0 KuoTeooKonto eLo6pXerot (ELx. 3-32). To

orqv oupo0oXo rriorrl peoo ond qv ouprlOpo

orrl pei(ovo nue\0, evtrl orov ntr1po0et roro ro geyotrurepo U6poq rrlg pnopei v0 ovspxerot ptlXpt rot ro en[nebo rou optpotrou. H oupodoXoq ruorq e[voL rottro opyovo, ge toXupo lLuiro ro[Xtoyapoxrr1ptorLx4. To oXt'lUo, U0, Tfq onoiog 4 ltarootpotqra efuot ro prdyeOoq, q 0eo1 rot ot oXeoeLg r1q, noLrftrouv ovotroyo pe rrlv nooorqro rov o0ptrtv nou nepteXet Kot rlv 1trtrfo rou oropou" 0 ptrevvoydvog rrlg ruorqq ouvdeerot Xotropo pe ro puixo ro[Xtl1-to, pe e[oipeorl pio rptyovLrrl neptoxrl orov nu0ptlvo Tlq, r0 KUlTIKl rpiyavo (Etr. 3-25, 3-27 rot 3-29). 0 ptrevvoyovog rrlq revlq r0oqq epqovi(et notruopt0peq nruX6g, errog ono rrlv nepLoXq rou ruorrxou rpLydrvou, onou e['oLrroq rrlq oroOeprlg ouvdeotlg rou pe rov unorelpevo putro Xtr6vo, o ptrevvoyovog elvot novro tre[og' llioo ono ro eoo oropto rrlq oupn0poq nopoqpe[rot Utxpo e[oyKoUo, 4 xtov(6a rrlq xior4q, nou nopoyerot ono ro p6oo troBo rou yep((eL, pteroront(erot

npoororrl. Iqv yuvoixo ro neplrovoto ovoroplnret ono rqv ovtl entqoveto rrlg ruorqq, rovro oro onto0Lo Xeitroq, npoq T0 npooOto rolXtrllto qq Urlrpoq, oro opto otirgoroq-rpoXntrou Urtrpoq (Etr. 3-34, 3-45).

ruorcop4tprco xoAnupa rou neptrovo(ou e rtefvetot perol0 qq xuoqg rot qg grlrpoq. To rotrnopo ouro elvot revo, pe e€otpeol rrlv ne p[nroorl nou 11 prlrpo 6Xet onlo0to r],[or1, onore efvot duvoTo

rov vo nepteXeL ronoto evrepLxrl

6trtt<0.

Irov tivbpo, ro neptrovoto ovoropnret ono rrlv ruoq rot qdperor novt,r ono r1v ovol entqoveto rov onspu0Ttrtilv nopolv roL onepporodoXov r0oreotv (Etr. 3-1 8,3-24,3-30 xot 3-35). H r0orr1 eprpovi(er oXertrl etreu0epio rtvloeov, ro0rirq ppiorerot Ue00 orov eloneptrovolxo trtntirdq toro, errog ono rov ouxsvo Tlq, 0 onolog ouyrpore[rot oro0epo ono roug lponpoorotxouq ouvdeogoug (Err.3-19). Ko0drq 1 rrtorq ntrrlpouroL, e0xoLo enertelverot npoq T0 novot ;t6oo orov e[otneptrovoiro trrndrbrl Loro rou npo-

xuoreooronto eivot e[ontrLog6vo ge rptr:tetvrl nr1yr1, onrtro

o0rou rottrtorou rotXdrporog (Etx. 3-18 rot 3-33 eolg 3-35). H pe-

ouoqpo roL norxfio e[optflporo (n.X. yLo o0IInQn li0tlv). 'Evo dtrtro opyovo, T0 oupnTnpooKonto, eivot buvorov vo etooX0ei priool Tou KuortooKoniou t<ot vo npoo0l0e[ orov 0u-

ror(v1oq ourrl rrlg ruoqg ovu{-rdrvet ro neptrovoto, onoU0Kpuvovrog ro ono rrlv eyropoto neptrovlo rou rottrloxo0 rotXtilporog. H nraparLxr1 xevrl oupodoXog rriorrl 6xet oxt'lUo rpiyovrlg nupopiboq (Etr. 3-31A), ev6 or4 drcpxeto rnq (atlq q r0oq nepLe-

pnrnp0, on'dnou

Bon0ero rou otpotpo0vroL ot tr(00t. Me-

yotrurepoL tri0ot duvorov v0 KoToKep[oTto0ouv

pte

rn 0on0et0

unepflXolv, nou npo6pXovrot ono nqyr1 nou etooyerot p6ool Tou ouprlTrlpooxoniou. H trtOorprrf(o Xpqorponote[ rpouorLrd

xuporo yro Tov KoToKepU0rtop6 rolv tr(0trtv. H oupo661og xrior4 (Etr. 3-1 8,3-24 r<ot 3-27 eotq 3-35). Elvor ro[],0 purirbeq opyovo, oro ono(o onoOrlreuovrot T0 0up0. Zrouq evr1Amouq, n xevrl ruorrl ppiorerot pdoo oqv eLoooovo n0etro, nfoor rot tr(yo novot ono ro rlptro ooro. Xtlpt(erot ono ro rlptro ooro pe rov onto0o4prxri 16po (Err. 3-35B). lro nadto rl oupoboXog r[or1 gprorerot oro rfrog rqg rottrtoq, oropo rot orov e[-

vor oOero (Etr. 3-31B). H ruorrl rorepXerot oqv e),oooovo nuetro, nepinou oro 6o 6roq rrlg r1trLrioq, otrtro dev nofpvet qv optoTtKrl '0rov e[vot odeto q rurnq 06on erei, nopo ltovo pero qv erprlBeto. orn, oTOV ev1trLro, pp(oreror e€'otrortrnpou peoo oqv etroooovo nuetro, oro nuetrtxo edoQoq n(otl ono

qBtrrl o0ptpuoq Ko0titg

xer novro ronoto nooorlro ouptrtv KOt 0xst oxrtuo, triyo q notru '0rov elvot orporprro. YeUorn n r<uorr] nepteXeL neplnou 500 r.er. o0pov. H nroportxrl revf nupopoetdrlq r0or1 nopouoto(et reooeprg enrrpoveLeg (ELx. 3-31A), p[a ovu entEaven, d1o ntoyrcq-xarar, ot onoleg oTpcQovTot npoq T0 rorol, 6lo roL epnpoq, xot p[a oniolto entEoven.0L ntroyLeq-roro entqoveteg epxowot oe oX6on Us rrl neptrov[o nou xotrfnret roug ovetrrrrlpeq Uueq rou np0J-

xrou (Erx. 3-17). H on[oOto-rorot enttpoveto ovoqeperot urg nuOgeuog rqg xAor4q: Irqv yuvoko o nuOpevoq epXerot oe orevq oxeorl Ue ro npoo0ro roiXtr-rpo rou ro),eou, orov ovdpo dpXerot oe oXdorl Ue TO 0p00. To npooOto orpo, yvtloro u\ xoputpi rnq xioqq (Etr' 3-31A)

orp6qerot rpoq r0 eUnpoq, rpoq r0 ovtl Xeitroq qq rlptrrlq o[Utpuo1q (Etr.3-18 roL 3-34). H rortirreprl Uoipo rnq ruorqq, onou o nu0gdvog roL ot ntroyteg rortrl enttpoveteg ouvtlXovrot, ovopo(erot auylvaq qg xlorrlq.Iroug ovDpeg, oro olpefo ouro o outrog rrlq

I|YEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

323

KU0rrlc eKpotrtrer ornv npooToTrKrl Uoip0 Tnq ouprlepuq (Err. 3-29 roL 3-31A). Irouq ovdpeq o ouXevog qg ruorrlg oroupno novo

orov npoororl (Err. 3-33). Ano rqv KOpuQl'l qg ruorrlq opli(eL q ueorl oprpotroruorrrrl nruXrl rou neprrovo[ou, 11 onoro qeperor npog

A€uKoi

ro novo og rov ogrpotro. To unoOego r4q nruXqg ouqg, onoretreL o p6oog oprpol,oruolrog ouvbeopog (Err. 3-18 ror 3-28), unotrerppo rou oupoXou rou epppuou (lVoore, 19BB).

ovootoLtauKoi

xofrq 14g oupodrilou xriorqg (Err. 3-17, 3-18, 3-24,2-27 ,329. 3-30, 3-33 ror 3-34). To oXrl;ro qq ruorqg unoyopeueror ono

Avco unoyaotpto nn€VLto

Kno6ot

rrg dopdq nou 6pXovror oe orevrl oXeoq pe ourrlv. 0trdrtrr1po ro opy0vo neprpotrtreror ono Xotropo ouvdelro roro, qv xuoux7 nept-

rovfu, 1t6oo or4v onolo ewoni(eror ro xuottxo EAeprc6 nAEylto. H xolrr1 rqg ruor4g oXqport(eror de(Lo roL opLorepo ono ro rlprro ooro ror roug eoo 0upoerde[g Uueq Uo(L Ue rouq ovetrrrrlpeg ;rueq rou nporrrou ror n(our ono ro opOo. Zr4 yuvaka, o nu0pevog u1g

t2 IJ t4

ruoqq Xtrrpr(eror ono ro opOo pe rov rpoXltro rrlg prlrpog Kor rlv ov6repl po[po rou xotreou. 0 ouX6vog rrlg pp(or<eror novo oqv nuetrrr4 nepuovio ror neprBotrtrer

nu €11!Ka

ann(uvtKa v€upa

;lrrpou Unxouq ouprl0po.

Zrov avdpo, o nu0pdvog qg ruor',1q Xorpi(eror ono ro opOo pe rr1 trqru0o Tou orcpUoTrKou nopou Kor Trq onepporoboXoug r<uorelg.

0 ouX6voq qg ouv6Xeror pe rov npoororrl. Korooxeu{ r4g oupodrilou xriorqg (Err. 3-27 eog 3-31). To ro[Xtolro qg oupodoXou ruorrlg ouvlororor el'otrortrr1pou ono treteg puireq (veg, nou onoretrouv rcv e{uor4pa gu rrlq ruor4q. 0r rpeLg olpodeg rou qepovror oe norritreg roreu0uvoelg. Avoyvtopr(ovror eoo ror dlrr.r enrprl<qq ororBodo roOtlg rot pro peol rurtrorep1q. Kovro orov ouXevo rrlg r0orrlq or puir<6g oureq beop(deg oXqpor((ouv rov orouoro eoo orpryrrrlpo. Meptre g puireg deop(beg rp6povrot orlvoerDdrg ror evroXuouv ro ovorylro rcu elu 0T0pbu rqq oup41pag.0r puir6g [veg oqv neproXq rou ouXevo oror avdpa ouvtyovTor Ur T0 rvoguodeg orpatpo rou npooroq, tuds orrl yuvo[xa pe lg puirdg lveg rou rorXritporog rrlg oup4Opog. 0 BAevvoydvoq rryg x1or7q enevdueror ono peroporrro enrOr1-

ro ono(o e;rqov((er oqpovrrrrl rrovoqro droroorlg. Ta oupr1rqpxa oropn raL ro eou orlprl Tqg oup7lpoq eivor rono0eqpevo orLg yovleg rou ruorrro0 rprytrlvou (Err.3-27 ror 3-2g).0r ouprltrto,

rlpeg nopeuovror tro(o, peoo oro roiXopo rr;q oupodoXou xuorrlg pe roreuOuvon npoq ro roro roL eoo, yeyovog nou epnobi(er rrlv nohvdpop4orl rolv ouprrlv npoq Tov oupqrflpo. H ou[r1or1 rrlg nieorlq 0T0 eoorreprro qg ruorqg, nporotref oupnrurol rotv rorXtopoTolv Tov oupqrrlprov, epnod((ovrog eroL ro oupo vo notrrvdpop4-

OupoAoxoC

Kiorrl

AbatiK0 v€u00

Ahouatoc

,O,ru,iOrr{ E KoAotoe

i- -

-:/'

,upoVV66nc oupi0po

BonovoC tou n€ouc

Erxtivs 3-36. Korovoprl rotv veupu.rv rou oupoysvvlrrKou 0u0TlU0T0g

rou ovOpo, oupnepd,opBovop€vou rou otpryxrrlpo rrlg oup10pog.

6roreroppsveg yp0UUeq unoolpolvouv revrpopol,eg lveg. l-lopooupno01nreg lveg qdpovrot pe ro nuetrrro ontroXvrro veupo (12, l3 xoL 14) ror elvor r<rvqlr6g yro rrlv ruorrl (ELr. 3-35). 0epouv en(o1g rol oro0rllreq rveg yro rqv r0orr1. 0r oupnoOqrrreg iveq rou ovo unoyoorpiou

ntreyporog (l'lpoiepo veupo.rororrepo Ooporrro 01,02 r<or 03) eivor rrvlrrr6q yto evo ouveXdg puir<6 orpdrpo nou oXrlporr(eL ro puiro rorXoUo rnq r0oqg, rov rplytrtvo UU Kor rov pu rqg ouprl0poiog or<potro-

Eniolg veupdlvouv r0 UU Tnq enrdrbuptdog, rov onepporrro nop0, Trq onepUorodoXoug ruorerq Kor TOV npooTuq. To ordorixo veupo elvor rrvrlrrro yLo ro orpryrr[p0 UU Trlq ouprl0pog r<or olo0qlxo yro rrl rprog.

Boi,ovo rou ndoug

r<oL

o4poyydrdq oupr1Opo.

oouv npoq rov ouplrflpo ror vo nporo),eoouv ptropr1 rorv veqpdrv. To prrpo, oXrogoetbrj, oropro rov ouprlrlporv ouv0rlovror pe p[o

)tewl peoooupqr4px4 nruy7 (Etx.3-29) rl onoio

otpopi(er

rpoq

novtrl ro xuorrxo rp(ytovo.

Aprqpruxrj nopolrj 14q oupobrilou xrjorqg (Err. 3-24 ror 325). 0r rupreg opr4p(eg, or ono[eg Drovepovror orrlv ruoq ono-

tetro0v rtrodoug rov eotrt troydvrrrtv oprqprtov. 0L avu xuorrxEq apqpieq, rtrodol rrrtv oprpolrrtitv oprrlprrrrv, op6euouv ro npo-

Iroug ovdpeg, ot xaru xuorLxeq, oprnpbq, xLodol rotv rloo Loyovulv opqprov rorovdpovror orov nu0pevo rqq ruorqg. Ing yuvolreg ot p4rpoxoAeixEq oprnpbq o0ro-ovrrr rp4po

r<uorqg.

ovrrro0torouv rrg roro ruonr6g opqp(eg rol or6),vouv prrpofg rtrodoug oro nioto-xoro igr;po qg r0oqg. 0r Oupoetde(g xor rorot

ytroulo(eg opr4p(eg nop6Xouv eniorlg

pLr<poug

rtrodouq yr0 Trlv

r u orr1.

0treprxrj nopo;1ereuo4 rrlg oupodriyou xUor4g (Erx. 3-24, 3-25

ror 3-29). 0r qtrepeg qg xuorrlg ovnororXouv oTrq opTlpreq Kor erpotrtrouv ong 6orrt troytlvreg rptrdpeq. Irov dv6po, ro rcuottxo EAepxo nAEylto, ro ono[o ovooropdlveror Ur T0 np00T0rrro ntrdy-

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

324

rpooroq' rtg ontpU0-

rnq ovritepnq Uoipoq rnq r6oqg ouXvo ouvenoYerot ptl€rt

rodoxouq xuororq, TOUq onepUortroug nopoug Kot rlv rordlrepl poipo rov oup1rlpo.rv. To xuortro tptreBLro ntrdygo expotrtreL ouvtlq' 00:q Usoo rov roro.l ruorrrdv qtrepdrv ortg eoo-t troyovteg qtrepe

Kot Tou neptrovoiou, pe onordtreopo dtoppotl otiptuv orrlv

U0.

ntptK\eist Tfv P0ol Tlq

KUOTIq K0t T0u

oro onovduLtxo rptrepLro ntreyporo (8tr Err.4-53).Irr1v yuvoixo, ro ruortro q)'epL' xo ntrdy;ro nepLBotr\et ro evdonuetrtro rprlpo rqg oupflOpoq r0t rov ouXevo rrlq morrlq. AeXerot orpo ono qv poXro[o tptrdpo rlg rtretropLdoq rot ovooropltirvsTot U0 ro rotretro qtrepLro ntr6YU0' Aeprprxr{ nopolereuo4 rqq oupodr5lou xforqg (Etr' 3-33B r0L

otrtro pnopeL vo erpotrtret Ueoo

rov

tepdrv tptrepdlv

3-348). AeUQoYYeio ono rrlv ovdlre pr1 potpo qq r0oqq roreu0uv0vT0t npoq rouq 5Eo troyovtouq \epqoD6veq, evdr ro trepqoyyefo ono qv rortirreprl poipo rrlq xoreu00vovrot rpoq r0uq doo troyovLoug treptpoddveg. Meptro trepqoyyeto rqq neptoXrlq r0u 0uxtvo, erpotrtrouv orouq Lepo0q

rtvrlrtro (euodurrrro) Yt0 rov e [otorr1po 'EroL, orov oureq ol Yt0 Tov 6out otptyrrlpo. o eoo 0Qtouonorot, qv ruorrl DLorool, ono rveq 6teyeLpovrot 0t ouplOpo pdouv rqv npoq yrrqpog Xotroptirvet ror ro oupo Efvot

oupnogrlrtreg iveq yto rrlv r0orr1 npoepXovrot ono ro 011 012' yto O1 xot 02 veupo. 0t iveg our6q e(vot ntOovororo ovooro\rtreq qv ruorrl. To veupo nou dtovepovrot oTlv r0oq oXlpor[(ouv ro KtlortKl veupLxo nAEypa, ro ono[o onoretrelrot rol ono oupno0llrdg rot ono nopooupnoOrlrtreg iveg. To nleypo ouro onoretre[ ouvexen rou rora unoyoorpiou n)t'yltoroq (Eu. 3-47, BA. tniorlq Err. 2-64) ALo0rlrLreg tve g ono rqv rrjorq e fvol on],oXvtrdg

1 ruorq 6teupLlverot, ptetoron((erot novol ono

rrlv n0etro, ptdoo oro e[toneptrovoit<o trinoq. Ie eroeorl;roou6vn btoroon, q ruoq ov6pXeroL oro eninedo Tou 0Uq0trou.

Irrlv neplnroorl ourq, ovoolxtilvtTot r0

rotXtrlportro

nepttovoto rou npooOtou xottrtoxoti toLXtlporog, novo ono rnv lgLrn ou;rquoq rord peptrd erotooro, 6rot tilore q ou-

poboloq

r0oq ppioretot

orptpdrq n[oo ono

ro(Xtrlgo, Xtop(g rrlv nopeUpotrrl rou neptrovolou.

n oupoboxoq r0orr1

86orl

ouq

rottrtoxd

Iuvendg,

e(vot buvorov v0 nopo-

(uneprlptrrl ruoreootop(o) 11 vo npoonetroo0e( Xerpoupytr6, n6vo ono rqv qptxtl otiUtpu0n, Ue rn XpnotUonoirlorl epyotreiorv, Xopiq rov x[vduvo rptilor]q rou fteptrovoiou q etoodou orrlv neptrovoixrl xoLtrdrqro. Netpptxo[ tri0oL, €6vo otirporo oxdpo rot;rtrpou pey60oug 6yrot eivot r<avrr10ei

qv unepqpLxq eIotneptrovoixq npoon6troon. El'oLrioq rnq ovtitepnq

Duvordv vo otloLpe0ofv ono rqv xrior4 pe

nou rototropBovet n unepntrnpnq oupodoxoq ruorn, qS e[vot neptooorepo nL0ovrl oe neplnrooq rpouportopou qq xot6reprlq poipoq rou npooOtou xotltorou

06or1q

n pnqn

rorxtrlporog t1 roroyporulv

nu6trou. H pn€n

o6pxerot orrlv r[orq p6oo ono rlv oupnOpo, ro0drg xot pe norritreg onetrovtortr6g ge0odoug, r.X' l-lt unf plxouq (ELx. 3-32). H ruorrl pnopei oropo vo etrey1Oei orrtvotroyt-

ro, orpoit nptiro ro0errlptooTe( xot yeg(oet ge ortoypotptxd ulrxo (ptr. Erx. 2-89). H ruoreoypotplo eivot oe 06011 vo onorotrur.fet 6Lopporl ouptov, ov noporrlpl0ei 6[odog tou orLoypotprroU utrtrof orrlv neptrovoirrl xoildqro fl tov ontTo veontrooporo

ruorqq ovonr0ooovrot oT0 Ko-

trunrtro rqg ent0r1trto rot ouvrlOog eivoL entgovetoro xot notrtrontro. Ie npoxtoprlU6veg roroorooetg, elvot Ouvorov vo dLrl0rloouv Kot Tnv puirrl orotpodo' 0 oupotroyog etreyro rusreooronto Xe L qv ruoq Yto Trlv nopouoio oYxtiv Ug rot p6oo ono ro onoio npoYUoTonots[rot n in$n ptot]ttitv' IuXvn reroLot dyrot pnopouv vo orpotpeOouv pe etOtro opy0v0, T0 ono(o eLooyetot oTnv ruorn 6LoupnOptro' 0t dyroL otporpouvror Ue rn Bon0eto rltrerrptxori peuporog uqrnlns

ouXvorqrog.

[to neptooorepeg trenropdpsteq Yto Tn X6t-

poupYrxn ovTtgercr.tnto4 rotv veontrooptdro-rv rrlg xdorrlg

rol

rrg etDtxdg leOddouq p\. Farrow (1989).

xoL pe-

ToQepouv rqv o(o01or1 rou novou (n.1. troytrl unepbtorootlloqroq).

'0nore

voiro npog ro neP[veo. To eoolreptxd rnq ouprl0poq rot ro tplo ordptd rou, pnoporiv vo etreyX0oriv ue T0 Ku0Te0ox6nto, ro ono[o et-

o0onepuovoixri XdlPo.

xotvo0q troyovtoug trepqoddveq'

Neripoo4 rqq oupodrilou xriorqg (Etr' 3-35 3-36 rot 3-47) 0t nopooupnoOqrtreg fveg Yto rrlv r0oq npo6pXovrot ono ro nue'lt-

xo on[oyvtxo uedpo. pu otrtro ovooroLrtro

nepLrovoirq roLLdrqro. PnEn qq onio0tog enLqovetoq rrlg ruoqg 6Xet oov onoretreopo rr1 6io6o ouptlv e[oneptro-

qq ruoqg

6uvorov vo nporotr6oer 6Loppon oIptov orov e[trlnepLrovoix6 Xtirpo ll ordUo Kot oTrlv nepttovoirtl rofiorrlro. H pntn

ovdprxri oupriOpo (Etr. 3-31 3-33, 3-35, 3-38

roL 3-

67). H ovdptrfl ouprlOpo eivot evoq Uorp0q putroq ototrtlvoq (ge plxog 15 dorq 20 er.), ono tov ono(o e[dpXovrot T0 oup0 nou ouyrevrptilvovrot orrlv oupoboXo ruor1, nepv6vrog ono rc e{u oto-

lt0 Tlu, orrlv roputprl rrlg

potrovou TOU neouq. Ano

nepva ento4g wotro oneppa. opro ror ro errptpo

TIDV

To onSppo nepLeXet

ouptl0po

ro onepgoro(o-

tntKOUptKtilv yevvqrtx6v odevov (n.X. rou

npoororrl). tto neptypotptro0q troYouq dnxp[voupe or1v oup41pa rpeLg poQeg, Tlv np0oToTtKr1, rqv ugevalOrl K0t Trl oqpoyytitDrl. H uUevcirdrlq ror 1 orlpoyydrblq Uo(po rqq ouptl0poq pp[orovrot oro nep(veo rot neptypotpovTot 0t otrtro xopporto ourou rou reqotrorou.

H npoorortx{ oupri0po

(Etr 3-29, 3-31 xoL 3-33A).

nptirl

ourrl poipo Uq oupll0poq, glroug nepinou 3 er., opxt(e t tno to e0a lTlltto rnq oupi1poq, orrlv ropuqq rou ruortrou rptytilvou ArepXerot ono rov npoororq, droypotpovrog gto onotr1 ropnutrrl pe ro rupro np0q T0 epnpog. Korotrrlyet orrlv upevdrdl potpo, 6Lorpu-

qv ovt-r.r neptrov[o T0u 0upoYevvrlrrxou dtotppoyporoq (Etr. 3-11 t<ot 3-17) 0 outroq 11q npoorortrtlq ouprl0poq epqov[(erot

ndlvroq

dteupupdvoq roro rq p6or1 potpo

TOU K0t

pp[orerot oe o0onoor1, e-

roro qv ono[o nepvo0v p6oo ono ourov o0po t1 onrlppo. H npoorortrq poipo rrlq oup1Opoq onoretref ro eup1repo Kat T0 neprc06repo \nrorc TpnPo Tnq oupi1paq' ov xoL pp(oreror ueoo orov ouunoYrl npooroq. To onfoOto rofXtr-tpo Tlq npooTor<roq ono rr1 rpooq

i",r'ffilli-

NYEAOE KAI NEPINEO

0upl0p0q eUQovi(er rdr0[Tep0 XopoKTlproTrKo (Err. 3-29). To nro olpovrrro ono ouro t(uottl oup41paio axpoAorp(o, nou 0n0Tr-

TrKllq

pn0p0 nope0eTor ilpoq ro

roro ror

325

epnpoq ono rqv oupoi:,

: . --

por0ev rrg nopaAoptdLeg

orr1, evd qdperor nloor ror orq ouveXero roro ono rrlv rTptxl ;_*quoq" Io e{u or1pto rqq oupr11paq ppioreror orov npodopo rou ro),eou. H ouprl0po Bp(oreroL pnpooro ono rov rotreo. To on[o0ro

poL ono

rofXrrrlro rqg ouvonrsror rooo orepeo pe

treL

enrplxl orpotrotp[o roro rq peoq ypolLprl ror epqov[(eL erore-

o/Aaxry, onou erBotrtrouv or neproooreroug prrpoug extpoplrLroug nopoug rou npoororrl (Err. 337) Meptroi ono roug exEop4uxouq nopouq rou npooror4 er$olt),ouv roro prlrog rotv 6uo ntreuptrtv qg orpotrorp[og. Irrl p6or1 poLourlq rqg orpotrorprog epqov[(eror noXuvol, ro onepparLxo Aorprdro, oqv ropugl rou onolou nopoqpelror oXropoerdeg oropro, po

ro ono[o odqyei oe pro prrpq unole rpgorrrrl ruqtr1 rortroqT0

Un-

xoug neplnou 5 er., nou ovopo(eroL npoorarLx6g rdAnoq (Err. 3-

33 ror 3-37). ErorepotOev rou oropfou ourou pp(orovror or erBotr59 raru oneppauxdv nopav. To oropro rov onrpUorrKrlv noptov sfvor

rooo

lLLr<po,

tiore duoxotro tpo[vovror. tlopotro ouro,

vorov vo roOeqproorouv dropeoou

elvoL du-

ouprlOpoq.

evrunororl

rov xo],e0, tiore dlver qv e[vor orprlvogevl geoo o'ourov. H ouprl0po po(i pe

rov ro),eo drepXovror dLoptloou rou

6rorppoypoTOq

Tlq nueLou, rou

oupoyevvlTrKo0 drogpoyporoq Kor Trlq nepLveir<qg UeUppovlq. To roror orpo rqg neprpotrtreror ono rov otpryrrrlpo r1g ouprl0poq

(Err 3-23

roL 3-58) rou onolou Ueprxdq puireg 6eopi6eq neprpotr-

Louv xor rov rotreo. 0L oup41potor odereg elvor nepLooorepor orrlv ovorrepq ;roLpo rqg oup10poq. Mio opodo odevov oe ro0e ntreupo

qq,0r rop00up4?potoL

odeueg, e[vor ovotroyor rou npo-

oddveg ourol eppovl(ouv rotvo erqoplrlro nopo, o ono[oq er$otrtret (evog oe ro0e ntreupo) rovro oro e[o oropro Trlq ou-

ororrl.

pnepoq To rorco

11-rLou

ouprlOpoq Bploreror p6oo oro nep[veo.

0 npoorarLx1q, r6Anog onorel,eI unotrerppolrq doprl (6qtr., 6ev 6Xer treuoupy(o). Arpopo unotrergpo rou pnrpo-

0g er rourou, ro elot oropro qg oupq0poq nepLyporperor po(ige ro neptveo oe ouro ro reqo),oro.

xoAe[xo1 nopou oro oppev epppuo (Moore 19BB). Ko0tog

Aprqpieg xor qAepeg r4g yuvorxelog ouprjOpog (Err.3-24t,3268 rot 3-2r-) H oprlproxq nopoXq npoepXeror ono rrg eou adoLtxfq xot rrc, xoAtixeg aprqpieq.0r qtreBeq ouvodeuouv Trq oprnplec xor eXouv ovotroyo ovopoTo.

plTpoq Kor rou rotreori orq yuvo(ro, 11 no),ordreprl Aolvrxq ovogoo(o rou rlrov "vagina masculina" q "uterus masculinus" (ovdpLxriq rotrnog r; ovdprrrl eivor ovotroyrl 6opr1

UrlTpo).

ovo H

oouvrl8erg neplnrtioerg geootputrou, orpoppoyei

veupo

1rr1vo.

yuvorxeio oupri0po (Err.3-23 3-27,3-34,3-64 roL3-

70). H yuvoLxeto oupq0po onore),eI ppoXrj puiro ootrrlvo (Unrouq nep[nou 4 er.), o ono[og enevdrieror ono ptrevvoyovo. H ovdrreprl poipo qq ovrrororXei Ue Tlv np00T0rru1 ouprl0po ev6 1 rortirre-

pq po(po rnq U€ qv upevdrdrl oupq0po rou ovbpo. H yuvorre[o ou-

rqg yuvorrefog ouprj0pog (Err. 3-16 r<oL 3-47). To yuvorrelog ouprl0poq npoepXovror ono ro aLdotix6

f pororl

nAeypo. 0L nepLooorepor revrpopoLoL rtroDor nope0ovrol ge ro on),oXvrro nue\rxo veupo.

Aepqrx{ nopo;lereuoq 14g yuvorxeiog ouprj8pog (ELr. 3-348). O peyotrurepoq oprOpog rorv treprpoyyerov rqg oupq0poq rorotr1ysr 0TOUq repodg roL eou Aoyovtouq AepEadEveq. Meptro treprpoyye(o erBotrtrouv oTOUq pouptovLrouq treUqod6veq.

tn€pLtottKtl nu KU0aC

pLroro6o xoC

Kuoill

Erxrivu 3-37. ALoroprl qg onioOrog golpog rou npoororrl.

I-loporlperore rov de(ro

Eu0uKU ouKt

)

nspttovio

r<oL

opr0rsp0

eronepporrorrno n6po, or onoior oXlgorl(ovroL oro olpelo onou o nopoq rotv onepporoDdXrrrv r<uorst,tv e-

vovtl0r us I0v

onspu0rrK0

nopo. lloporrlpelore rov unoLetpportro npoororrro xotrno pero(f rorv Ouo eroneppol-

orrrtlv

ndpotv.

to0oti ptKoC x{0poc

npoatouKoC KorlnoC Ytr€vuOuC

\vsn^tnpoa ltua tou npdhtou

oupti0po

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

326

'Eou yevv7nxd 6pyovo rou 6v6po

rot nopoui,(Fafrow; l9b9,,,iFiealy.andHodge rc90), !-(otq., qv ene;rBoo4, exretro0vror prrpdq ropdq or4v ovo poipo

Ta eou yevv7rLxo opyova rou ovbpo onoretro0vrot orto

TOUq

ro u o-0Xe0U;:r0l:d

o fi 6p,o

qV:r0n[(0vr0t Kot n€'p

0vt0 I

Iq ouveXeLo r0 TU1Uo pero[u rov nepLbeoe-

oneppnrLroug nopoug, rLg onepporodoXoug ruoretg Kot TOUq tK-

duo o4peto.

oilepUoTIoTrKOug nopouq. To eEo yevvqrtro opYovo onoretrouvrot

ro yeyovoq ol q nopoyoyn onepUoroq @nepporoyevaoq), ouiexi(erar, .ro;.ondp11o our6 6iv pnopei ntreov vo tp0ooer oTov tKonepgortorrro ndpo ror rqv ouprl0po Kor (0T0 ouv6nero, ro uypo rqg eronepporL-

ono ro neoq, rouq opXetq rot ro ooXeo. To neog neplypotperot oro

nep[veo xol or opXerg ror ro ooXeo oro reqotroto

rofiLog (ptr

Keq. 2).

O onepponx6g n6pog (Etr. 3-18,3-24, 3-30, 3-31 eoq 3-39). 0 onepportrog nopoq, erzag ouAivog Ue LIXUpo ltuixo ro[Xa;po, onoretreI ouveXeto rou nopou rrig ent6tbupidoq, evog etrtroe16o0g nopou nou oXrlpori(et rrlv enLdLdup[60. 0 onepportrog nopoq op1((eL ono qv oupo rrlq entdtbupidog rot xorotrtlyel orov

eKlftep1ortlTxo n6po, o onofoq oXlpor((erot ono

ouvevoloq

nopo Trlq onepUorodoXou ruoqg. TOU ottepUoTrKou nopou 0 onepporrroq nopoq, pqroug nepinou 45 er., nope[eroL plSoo Ue TOV

0To onepUoTrro rovo, nepvo p6oo ono ro BouBuvtxo nopo rot orpou XLooreI Ue ro e(ur troyovto oyyeto, eLoepXerot orqv etroooovo nuetro. EDd nopeuerot eloneptrovotro, oro ntroyto nuetrtro ro[Xo1ro, orprptirq rorto ono T0 TOtXoUoTtKo ndrotro TOU neplrovo(ou, npog ro eoo rotv oyyefov roL veupov. Koro rqv nope[o rou ourl de r napepBaLAerot aAAo avarcpx6 popQutto pera{u aurol

neprovo[ou (Err. 3-1 8). 0 onepportroq nopog Xto(erot pe rov ouprlrqpo, r<ovro oqv n[oo-ntroyto ytrtv[o rrlg oupodoXou ruorrlg ror qdperor pero{u rou 0upnr1p0 K0t r0u reptrovo[ou, pteXpr Tov nu0pevo rrlg xuorrlq. 0eperot opXtro novut ono rtg onepporo6oXoug r0oretg rot rorontv npoq T0 rorot, npog T0 too r0u ouprlrlpo K0r Tov onepporodoXov ruoreov. KoOtlg nope0erot nfoo ono 11v oupo6oXo ruoq, dreupuvtTor K0t oXlpori(et Tn onep-

sKT€UVrTor. l-lopo

oqg nou,flp,o6p,xerat;an:rj !$:qrg:ppo,T$gx.rj.0q,,fli,6r8lsi;,10!;1;,1.1; Kor T0uq BotrFoupnOpotouq uDeveq 6ev nepteXet

npoororrl

onep goro(odpro:,,Td,:n0poy6pevs;' 0trldi,uli lqnop0trhd1ieu0ii,:::;

onepporo(oripra;, eKQu i(ovrsi,orrtv'.enffuU,iOq roL oUv-

eyyuq U0ip0

.0,

l r

onrplror,rou ntipou. H onotrivtrtorl rou

onepUoTIKou nopou pnopet vo btop0o0eL pe

wriorpoqrl e-

ntppaor1 enrTuxoq, oe nooooro pdXpt rot 70%, eQ'doov ntrq p o u vrar o p rolt6V€q n p oiino Q eoe tg, (ltliris :x6ro tov,,r3,O, r,,,,,,

erdv rot trryorepo ono 7 Xpovto ono rrlv rpolYoup€vn tneppooq) (Farrow, 1989). Koro qv eneppooq ourrl, ono io yivero r pe'tq: Boq O,erdl,Ut{B 0o Ko..n,(qu' o dK.pe( i,ilrijq11i,.,t 11

t .:

onepUorrrdlv n6pov enovevtilvovtot. To onepporo(o0pt0 epqovr(ovroL oro onrlpgo ouvrlOorq 3 pe 4 g4veg pero qv en6;rpooq.

Kat Tou

0ronepporo66lor xforetg

(Etr. 3-18, 3-29, 3-30 3-33

ror 3-37 eoq 3-39).0t ruoretq oureg, eXouv trenro rotXtrtlto, oXtlUo oxtrodLo0 roL prlroq neplnou 5 er. Irrlv npoyportroqro npore t-

qg roior) xuorrrlg opqp[og rot xo-

ror yro orotrrlveq Unxouq 10 6orq 15 er., or ono(or neptetr(ooovrot yro v0 oxrlUoT[oouv prlo dogl pe popqq xuoqq, 1 onolo evronl(eror pero[u rou nu0pevo rqg oupodoXou ruoqq Kot TOU oneuOuopevou. 0L onepporodoXor ruorerq elvor rono0erlUdveq trolo novor ono rov npoororrl ror nopo ro ovolro roug der ano14xe}ouv oneppa. llopoyouv dvo noXuppeuoro, otrrotrtt<o uypo, ro ono[o ovol-lryvueror Ue r0 onepUoro(oropro roro q d[odo rov re'treuro[orv ono rov sKoltepUoTroTrro nopo ror qv oupr1Opo. Auro ro errptpo, ro ono(o onod[6eror orov or r[orerq ouonclvror roro rq dtopreto rou opyoolrou, onoreLeI rov rupro oyro rou ondpporog. H onep-

rotr1yer oe ovoorogo.ron Us rnv opytxq aptqpio nlout qno rov opXr. 0r gleBeg ouvodeuouv lq oprlp(eq ror 6Xouv ovotroyo ovo-

goro6oXog r<uorr1 ror 1 onepporLrq trqru0og epqovr(ouv nopogoto doUn, 6Xouv trenro rorXtirlror0 Kor 0r ptrevvoyovoL roug nolpvouv rrq

uoT0.

Uopqn Uetrrrlpu0poq. H ovo enrqovero Tov onepUolodoXov ruoretov, ro),unreror ono nepuovoro, pploreror nloo ono T0ug 0upl-

parx7 A4xu1o. Ir1 outro

ouveXero oreveuet rot oupBotrtrovToq Ue Tov

rrlq onepporodoXou xuoreolg oXqport(et

TOV eKonepUoTtoTt-

ro nopo. Apr4pieg xor rptripeg Tou onepp0TrKoU ndpou (Etr. 3-24A roL B, ptr. eniolq Err.2-19,2-93 xor 2-105). H apr4pnTlu lnepporLxoA

nopou 6Xer notru prxpo peye0og Kor Qepsror oqv entqoveto

rou. E(vor r<troDog

ovol (1

NeUpooq r0u onepU0TrKoU ndpou (Err. 3-244 t<ot B rot 3-36). To veupo yro Tov onepUorrro nopo npodpXovror ono

ro xorto uno-

yf orpro ntreypo. 0 nopog epqovi(er nl,ouoLo veupoorl pte ourclvopeg veupLr6g [veg, rol nou dreuxotr0ver qv roXe[o ouonoorl rou

roro qv eronepporroq. Aepqrxli nopolereuoq rou onepU0TrKoU ndpou (Etr. 3-338). To trepqoyyero TOU oneppoTrKou nopou, ontrrg t<ot ere(vo rou npo-

i{o

rqpeq, oro olpe[o onou ouroI Xrrrpi(ovror ono ro op0o Ue ro eu)uxuoux6 x6Anupo (ELr. 3-33A). To roro orpo rorv onepporodoXtov oX6or1 pe ro oneuOuogevo, ono ro ono[o Xopi(eroL pe r1u eu)unpoorouKn neproula (Err. 3-30 roL 3-33). 0

ruoreov dpXeror oe

outroq rr1q ro0e onepporodoXou ruorqg ouvevdrveTot Ut rov outro rou o0ororXou onepporrrou nopou, yro vo oXlgor[oer rov tKoilep-

anoAwuo4 Tou ofttpUonKlu nlpou. H Xerpoupytrrl ourrl e-

porrorrxd ndpo (Err 3-29) nou e rpotrtret oro onlo0to rolXtr.tpo rqg npoororrrrlq oupq0pog rovro oro oropto rou npoorortrou roLnou. Apr4pieg xor qtrepeg Tov onepp0T0drilrov trqxd0trlv (Etr. 324A,3-30 ror 3-50). 0L oprlpieq rpoepxovTot ono qv rorot ruort11 ror p6oq oLgoppoiDtrq opqpio. 0L qtre pe q ouvodeuouv rtq 0p-

ndppcoll ouviororot oo,onotrivool :q et(Toun,,ro u onsp

qpieg

oroq

ror rov onepU0r0doXtrlv ruoreov, erBotrtrouv oroug

,io-

yovtoug AepEadeveg.

H,,o:reip0lon,:,oTbuq,,,dv|gg.qriyiverurr,,qUV:fr0o!,Uer

rnv',

U0Tt-

r<or

eXouv ovotroyo ovoUoTo,

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

327

ntreypo veuprr6v rvriv ror peprro oupnoOrlirro yoyyho. 0r ilp0-

vero, 1 ono[o rlltr0q0T0r roro dorrutrrrrl elerool (ELx. 3-33 xoL 3-39). Iuvrl0og 1 onioOro enlqovero 6rorpelror Ue Uio oBo0rl ouloro roro r1 p6o1 ypoUpl oe d1o nAoyLoug AoBoAq. EneLdq opo.lg

yoyytrtoreg oupnoOlrrreg iveq, npodpXovror ono ru ovu ootputxo veupo ru 0r nopooupno0qrrreg lveg ono rc nueArco onAoyvxa

or ntroyror ouro[ troBoI ouXvo ouveXovror, ovocpepovror po(i ono roug r),lvxoug og on[o0roq tropog. Iqv ovrrt polpo qg on[o0tog

ve0po.

enrqoverog, noporrlpeiror Uio ogoOrtq outroro, onou or eKonepU0rtortrol nopot etod0ouv orov npoororq. Aurrl 1 outroxo unooql-ro[-

NeUpoo4 Tov onrpp0T0d6yrrrv trqxU0ov (Err. 3-24, 3-35 roL

3-36). To rotXtilporo

rov

onspporodoXrrrv tr1ruOorv nepr6Xouv

Aepqrx{ nupo;lereuoq rov ofiepU0T06ri;1tov xforeov (Err. 3338).

trepqo ono

onepgorodoXouq r0orerg unodeXovror or

)ayovtot )epEodeveq,. 0l exonepporrorrxoi n6por (Err. 3-29, 3-30,3-33 rot 3-

troyovror xor rupltrrg ot Eou

ver TOV 01Uovrrro rtrrvrro pEoo AoB6, ro grrpo rpqpo rou npoororq perol0 Tov eKontpgorrorLr6v nopov ror r1q oupllOpoq. 0 Ueooq troBoq pploreror nloo ono rqv xtov[6o rr1q oupod1you xAorr1g

nepfnou 2,5 er. ror evron[(eror xovro orov nu0prevo rqg oupodoXou ruorqg. llope[ovrol notru rovro o evoq orov otrtr0, r<o0drq tpepovror npoq ro epnpog xor roro dropeoou rrlg on[oOrog lLorpog

ror pploreroL oe enoprl npoq T0 novo pe rqv ror6reprl po[po rou ruorrrou rpryrirvou (ELr. 3-29). 0 npoorauxoq xoAnoq evronl(eror peoo oq po(o rou p6oou troBou (Err. 3-37). H npoo?ta enrpoven rou npoorar4 e(voL ruprrl ror erre[veror ono q Bootl eog qv xopuqq. 0 ntroyrcq-xaru enLEovercg rou npoorur4 ouvtXOVTor eUnpoq pe rqv ruprrl npoo0ro enrqovero ror

rou npoororrl, rovro orq p6o1 ypogpl xor roro prlrog rov nLeup6v rou npoororrrou r<oLnou. 0L duo trenroroprrrlpldvor eKonspU0-

rou nporrrof (ELr. 3-1 1).

ttottroI nopor drooXr(ouv ro

adtvuv (20 eoq 30) erpotrtrouv on'eu0e[og oug napoAogidrcq oA-

37). KoOe Svoq ono rouq nopoug ourouq onoretre[ 6vo ],enro trr1vo,

o ono[og oXqporl(eror ono q ouvevoorl qg

onepporodoXou

ruorlg

K0r T0u

onepgolroI nopou.

ou.r-

o0oroLXrlg

'EXeL prlroq

peyotrurepo rplpo rou npooroq ror

enrro0ovror orrlv nepuov[o nou neprBotrtret roug ove],rrqpeg pueq

exEop4ttxo[ nopot ruv npooranxdv

ouyrtrivovrog, erpotrtrouv pe oXrogoeLbrl ovofyproro oro onlo0ro

Aoreq, exorEpu0ev r4q oup40poioq oxpoAorplog, oro on(o0ro ro(-

Tlg npooTolKlg ouprl0pog, e xore poOev rou oroplou rou npoororrro0 rotrnou. To oneppo eroL nepvo p6oo orlv upev6drl xol roronrv oq olpoyytirdq porpo rqg ouprlOpoq. 0 npoo16111q (Erx.3-17 eorg 3-20,3-29 etog 3-31,3-33 ror 3-37 rllg 3-39)" Aurog e[vor o peyotrriTspoq errrKoupLroq oD5voq Tou ytvvlTrKou ouorlgorog rou ovdpo. 0 npooroqq onore),e[ror ono odevLro ror rvoputrldeg rp1po. 'EXer ro pdye0og roorovou ror neprpdtrtrer rnv rrpooToTrKi Uoipo rqg ouprj0poq. Enevd0eror ono trenrr1 roQo, 1 ono[o ouvfororol ono nurvo ouvderrro rcrc, rov [dto yndvo (oln0nq roQo) ror neprrtreferor p6oo oe gro 1otropr1, oretrq ro{;0, 11 ono[o npodpXeror ono rrlv nuetrLrrl neprrovfo, r4r KIao rcu npoororrl (ueudls roQo). H releuro[o ouvexeror npog ro roro pre rrlv ovto nepuovlo rou oupoyevvrlrLrou brorppoyporog.

X0lU0 Tqq npoororLxqg oup10poq

rolXrrrlro

llpog ro n(oo, 11 rogo rou npooroq onoretref rpqpo rqg eu1unpootattxr1q neptovfug, 11 ono[o Xrr.rpi(eL rrlv oupodoXo ruorrl, rLq

Io npoXtrotvo ror qq

onepporo6oXouq ruorerg Kor Tov npooroq ono ro opOo.

orortxd EAeBrc1 nltylto Bpioreror pero(u rou [dtou rotljog rou npooroq.

0 npoororqg eptpovi(er Bdo4, xoputp7 xot reooepLg cntgovercg (npoo0ro, on[o0ro ror duo ntroyteq-rortrl) . H Boon rou npoorarq (1 ruorrrrl rou enrpoveLo) epXeror oe orevl oxdol Ue rov ouXevo rqg oupodoXou r<0oqq (Err. 3-31A, 3-33A, 3-38 rot 3-39). H rpooT0lu1 ouprlOpo drorpuno p6o1 po(po rrlg Booqq rou rp00T0q,

(Err. 3-29 ror 2-37). Touro oulrpoiver, drorr 1 geyotr1 po(o rou o6evrrou rorou rou npooroq ouyrevrptirveror nloor xol oro ntroyLo rrlq npooTorrKlq ouprt0poq. Io

npoorotxo ExxpLlto, evo trenroppeuoro yotrorroerb6q uypo, onopotrtreror peoo

oqv npoororrrrl poLpo

11g ouprtOpog pe

rq o0ono-

o1 rolv Lelov purr6v Lvrirv rou npooroq, To npoororrro uypo ono-

rou oyrou TOU oileppoToq. Apr4pieg rou npoortirrl (Err. 3-24A ror B). 0r oprqpieg efvor xtrodor ruprrrrg rqg rrira xuorLx4g Kor Trlq peo4q oLpoppoi\x4q opr1pioq, rtrddtrrv qq 5oo troyovrog opqp(og. 0lipeq rou npoorfr4 (Err. 3-24A roL 3-29, ptr. eniolq Erx. 453). 0r tpleBeg rou npoororq oXqpori(ouv rc npoorauxd rpAeBxo 6[xruo, nou neprpotrtrer rq poorl ror rrg ntreupeg rou npoororq. Auro ro ntrdypo pproreror pero(u rou [drou Xu6vo ror rqg rorl.rog rou

re),e( nep[nou

20%

npooroq, erpotrtrer orrq soo

AoyovLeq EAEpeq, enrrorvr.ove I opurtg

Kor Ue To xuorLxo rpAeBxo nAeypo, roOtrtg ror ge EAeBLxa nAeyparo.

onovduAtxo

Aepqrx{ nopol6reuo4 rou npoordrq (Err. 3-33B). To trepqoyyeio xorotrflyouv on'eu0elog oroug eoo Aoydvtoug xot Lepo1q AepEodeveq. lVie prro lepqoyyeio ono rrlv on(oOro enrqovero nopeuovror po(i Ue treUQoyye(o 14g oupoDoXou ruorqg oroug

i{at iayo-

vLouq AepEodEveq.

rovro orrlv npooOro enrtpovero rcu. H ropurp4 rou npoorurr1 ppl OKeTOl npoq rO rortl rot epXerot oe oXeol ge qv ovtrt neptrovfo

NeUpoon rou npoordrq (Err. 3-24A, 3-36 ror 3-478).0l nopooupnoOlrtreg lveg npoepXovror ono ronueLxo onAaywxo veApa (12, 13 ror 14). 0L oupnoOrlrrreq rveg npoepXovror onoruxotu uno-

r0u 0upoysvvlrrrou drotppoyporog. H ropurprl 0KouUnorr oTov oQr-

yoorpn nAtyparo.

yrnlpo

1ru

rqq ouprl0pog ror neprpotrtreror ono ro

6orr.r Xeltrq rotv

ovetrrr1purv gutiv rou npotrrou (Eu<. 3-1 1, 3-17 ror 3-33).

H onfu1n eruEovua rou npooror7 e[vor

rplyrrrvrr<i1 r<or ono-

ntroruopevq ono epnpoq npoq T0 nioot. Irpeqeror rpoq ro nlour xor etroqpo npoq T0 roro npoq ro oupoyevvnlro brorppoylro. Aroupno orq tr1ruOo rou op0ou Kor oq rK ro0rou e[vor

enrqo-

0 npoordrrlg nopouoLd(er rdroirepo rtrrvLrrl evDrorp6pov, orpoti q rotror1Or1g odevrrrl unepntroo(o rou onoretrel pio notru ouvq0Lop6vq roroorooq oroug rltrrrroilrevoug ov6peq. Enerbn 6e q npoorotrxrl lroipo rqq oupq0pog dr6pXeror geoo ono ourdv (Erx. 3-33), oL noOqoerg rou npoororrl

328

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

ADtAT:0Ca OLtpDanDOC

Asttac aupt't[t10ec

.r/rioralro( onâ&#x201A;ŹpLlouKoc Aa

oc cns

*-i++.'ii

nof)oa

t1TtKac noDaa

d;.-/o Ll!-.r//oroLto\c( i uLlrll

Yl.tsv06na aL)DuAl)(l

,.,.o.n,',,.n,,,

ft":.'

'.i l

,1,)li(t

tor,,,.",', f,

f ,.t,,.

elvor 6uv0r0v v0 np0Koleoouv npoptrlU0r0 orrlv Kevoorl

0 npoororlg e[ero(erut 0[Te us borrutrtrrl er0 0pe0 (ELx. 3-39), e[Te Us To KuoTeooKonto ono [r1roor1 (Etr. 3-32A). 0L no0rloerg rou npooToTrl npoKotro[v otrtrore otrtrou BooUo0 0n0qp0En Tou ouxev0 rrlq oup060X0u KUrnq

";fi;';'

\ ttt'l J 6aIlo Kot atDttit!DC) llL//iil/il.

KUoTnq.

t/rtJaty,/{dOi( noltilauDttF)ta

:ll:,

Iilrl fi,1,'l

.:!:'

Erxtivo 3-38. Kordrrepo T0JV Ovopr(oJV

TUqUoTo

YSVVIilKoV 0pY0-

VOV.

ovopo(eror drouprl0prxtl npooroTtKToUt1. Ie oopoporepeq roroorooerg, orpoLpe[rot otrortrrlpoq o npoororrlg, ot er-

Iroug nepto-

oneppoTroTrKoI nopor xot 1 retrLr1 pto[po rou onepgorLxotj nopou, pe onor6treopo, o1ulg, qv oduvop(o eronepportonq. Mio reXvtrrl nou egoppo(eror pe orono rq Dtorqprlorl rorv ve0ptrlv Kur rorv oyyeiolv rou n6oug, ro ono[o tpepovrot oro ntroyro rou npoororrl, 6XeL ou[r1oet orlpovrtro rnv nt-

ro 500 6roq qq 1trtrtog, o npootorqg npoodeurrro uneptp6tperot. 'Onoq 6Xet ovotp6peL o Ellis (1983) "e[vor evo orlpodr yrlporoq, dntog ro yrpt(o

0ovoqro enovorrrlorlg qg oe[ouotrrrrlq treLroupyiog pero rr;v en6pBoorl, evdr 6XeL Betrtuioet roL rtg nt0ovdTnrsq rnq tpuorotroyuflg treuoupylog qg 16oqg orov 5treyXo rqq ou-

Uotrtrro".

pnonq (Farrow, 19Bg).

H xotroq8qg uneprpoq[o rou npootorrl (Etr. 3-1B) npoopotrtrer oe peyotro nooooro toug qtrtxLtrtpdvoug ov-

rll,rrrolp6vr.,lv ovd ptirv.

orlq. 0 np0or0Tnq dxer

prxpo u6Yee0q K0T0 rrl Yevvnon,

otrtro xoro Tnv eqnpeio Uey0tr6vet YpnYopo. 00Tep0uq ovdpeg pero

dpeg ror onoretrel ouvrl0q oLr[o onoqpo[nq rnq ouprl0p0q,

1 ono(o odrlysi oe vurrouplo (ovdyxq ouprloqg xord

vunoq), buooupio (duoXdpero ro/r1 novo roro rqv oup4o1) xor dnetlrl npoq oupqon ({orpvtrrl entOugio xdvoorlq irlq ruorqg). Iuvrl0orq, une00uvog yto rrlv ondQpoqrl rnq oupn0poq e[vor o p6oog lopdq. H gtrpoI poOpoI uneprpoq(o Xopiq oupnOptrn onoqpo[1 dqgtoupyeL pLxpo 6noppo, qv rrov[60 r4q ruoqg, oqv roputprl Tou KUOroprero rqq

olxoI

rprytirvou. '0oo peyotrurepl npoonoOeto roropotrtreL

6vo oropo, rooo ro oidqpo rou npootorrl, evepy6vrog oov potrpido, onoqpoooer rt1v ouprl0po.

H peprrrl n nlnpnq Xetpoupytrq oqoipeoq rou npooroq ovogo(eror [pooToTtKtogr1. Xdptq orn orevn ox6ot1 rou npoororq Ue rr1v npooTonrq oupr10po, n onoqpo[n rnq retreuroiog e(voL duvotov vo opOe[ ge q porlgeto evog eLdrxou evdooxonrxou epyotreiou (ntrerrporoUoq), to ono(o erooyeror

oqv

oupt1Opo. H Xetpoupytrtl ourtl en6ppootl

0 xopxivog rou npoordr4 onoretrei ouvn0rl dyxo rotv Neonldoporo oveu p foxovrot ;itxpo nepinou nooooro 30% rotv ovdptilv rltrLriog ooronrrd oe vo rov 75 errilv. 0r neproodrepoL 6ev ovltroprBdvovror qv nopouolo roug. 0 roprivog rou npooroq pe0iororor pe rrlv orporLrf (aryoroyevr]q \Loonopa) xor tq tregqtrrl o6d (AepEoyevr1q dLaonopa). H ovoroprxq Booq

rov peroord-

orov oTn onovdutrLrrl orr1trr1 roL rrlv ndetro ppioretot ortg ovooroprloerg rov Xtrrp(g polprdeg tptrep6v rou rp00T0Ttrou ntr6yporog ond q Uro Kor rov onovduAtxtiv rpAepxdtv nAeyparuv ono qv oIIn (FL Erx. 4-53), Ldro(repo tou 6oto onovdutrrxou ntr6yporoq. 0r r[preq ovooropdloerg nopoTr]-

perolf rov nuetrLrtr:v Kur rov rotvtov troyovttrtv qv ovtouoo ootpuirq qtrepo. 'EXet nporoOei ono oprog6voug ol 11 npoono0ero rord qv oupqoq nL0ovov vo pouvror

qlepdrv pe

npoxotre[ ow(orpoqrl nope[o rou o[gotog, nou nopoXere0-

npoorortxo rpAeBLxl nAeypo, to onoio p6et ntr5ov ttrrv oorpuixtitv qleB6v oro onovdutrtro qtreptro ntr6y;16oo

rT0r oro

uoT0.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Ano rov npoorur4 ro veon)oolnuxa x1rropa ilvat 1te ro Aepgoyyeio rqq nueAou

To eo.l yevvqrLro opyovo 11g yuvoirog neprtroppovouv rov xotreo

duvafiv va petaEep)o1v orouq

Aeprpodirueg yrjpor

ono

(1 rolno),

qv eoo troyovro Kor rrlv K0r-

Trlv opLorepq ropbro

Kor Trq oo0r1reg.

0 xotre6g (Err.3-15 3-34,3-41,3-43 rot 3-45). 0

rotreoq

rotrnog, ro opyovo qg ouvouolog yLo rq yuvoko, elvor rlvog rvoputirdlq ootrfivoq, prlrouq 7 5oq 9 er. IXqporL(er rqv roro po[po

vrl troyovto oprrlpro Kor rnv ooprrl (ELr. 3-338). Kopxrvrro r0rropo 0n0 Tov npooroq pnopouv snronq v0 UsToQepOouv ge lg nuetrrr6g qlepeg orrlv xoro; xoitrr1 qtrepo, q de-

[ro ropdro, roug nveupovcq,

q pqrpo, roug rooyrrlyorjq

yevvqlrrqq odou. Errelveror ono rov rpoXltro rqg prlipog p6Xpr Tov npddogo rou rotreou (i1 oXLogl pero[u rotv prrpdrv Xertr6olv rou ordoiou). Iqv ovoroprrl 0eor1 o rotreog rp5peroL npoq r0 epnpoq ror roro. To npooOro ror on[o0ro rorXrolLo rou quorotroyt-

ror ono

exe[ oe otro ro odrgo (aqJoroyevnq lLaonopo). levrxo ro veonLooporo rou npoororq sxouv Trlv rool vo 6ivouv preroordoerg oro oord, nopo oe otrlo opyovo, onou ouvr;Ooq nporotro0v ooreoptroolreg nopo ooreotrulx6q ptropeq. To yeyovrig drL q onro0ro enrrpovero rou npoororl

ro ovrrnoporlOevror, errog ono ro ovtr-r orpo rou, onou o rpoXltrog ttlg plrpoq etodue r oqv rortrorqro rou rotreou, To on[o0ro ro(Xrrt-

6pXerar oe enapfl pe ro op0o roveL erpLrrrl Tnv qrntroqnon

enoqtl ge ro t,{u oropto rnq prlTpog.0 rotrnog ilpoq T0 novo enl-

go e[vor nep(nou 1 er., porpurepo rou npoo0rou ror pp[orerol oe

dorrutrxq e[eroq rou npooror4, p6vo ro nou nopeppdtrtreror pero[u rou Oeixrq rou e[ercorrl ror rou npootorrl eivor ro roiXtirlro rou opOou ror ro euOuruolxd drorppoypo. H tlqlorprloq rou npoororq p6oo rou op0o0, d(veL nlqpoqop(eq yro ro pdyeOog ror rqv uqrl rou.0 tpuorotroyrrdg npoordrrlg eivsr etroorrxdg ror rou (Err. 3-39). Koro

"rpouorulrog", evdr ov npooptrq0ei on6 xoror10l e[epyqoro yiveror ortrrlpoq ror o(drdng. H npoorolrLdo iqtreypovrl rou npoororrl) XopoxrnpL(eror ono broyxogdvo, euoLo0q-

ro. "(eoro' npoororrl. Ie oprogeveg xoroorooerq (n.X.

rorvroveI pe rrlv roilorrlro rou rpoXrltrou, evdl npoq r0

roro

efvor

ovorrrog ror oXlpori(er rov npodolto rou xoAeo1. To oropro rou xotreou nepLypotperor Uo(r Ue ro nep[veo. 0 rotrnog pploreroL nloor ono rrlv oupoDoXo ruorq ror pnpo-

oro ono ro op0o, evti qeperor pero[u rotv eoo Xeileov rotv ovetri

rrrlporv purov rou npolxro0 (Err. 3-1 5, 3-34 roL 3-45). Arorpuno ro oupoyevvlrLro 6rotppoylro po([ pe rov ocpryrrqpo pu qq oup[0pog,

rou onolou or onloOLeg gurx6g Deoprdeg roroq0ovrol oro rolXopo rou rotreou (Err 3-23) 0 rpoXltroq r1q plrpoq npooerpotrtreL

ooOeverq U€ unorfro yovoppoLoq). exretrelror gotro[r1 rou np0or0Trl, pe orono Tn Inrln npo0T0TIK0u uypou yro gLrpooronrrrl ror porqprotroyrril e[rlroor1. H geoq rou npooro-

eloproror ono rqv ntrr;poqro qq oupo66Xou x0orr1g, 0rov elvot yegoq, q ruoq peroron[(er rov odevo npoq r0 roror ro0rortilvrog 6ror rnv qrntrdgnq Tou nro euxotrr1. 'Evog onerpoq e{erooqg elvor duvor6v vo droyvtiroer uneprpoqio rou npoororq, ere[ nou on],tr:q r1r1trorpo eurotro tlvov rpuorotroyrro oddvo, nou exer ropeKTorrore( ono

nsptLovoto

rr1

pro yepdr4 ruorrl.

0t BotrBoupq0poior o66veg (Etr. 3-18 ror 3-33, ptr. enrorlg Err. 2-21).0t d0o ouroi ruprvonoI oddveg, pey60ouq pnr(e-

OupttutpoC Oupo6oxoC KU Oft l En€pt t0t06oxaC KUAUI

,nspLtot.tKoC n opoc EKon€il tott att Kot nopot

Eu0uKUaftKa

6nOaovLto

nnovtaC noEoC

npoatoul

trtou (o6eveg rou Cowper, Kotne[pror od6veq), pplorovror oro ntro-

yto rot n[oo ono qv ugev6dq ouprlOpo novto ono rov potrpo rou n6oug rorpr6oo olg puireq rveg rou orpLyrrflpo rqg oupr10poq.0r oXertxo enrgqrerg exEop4rLro( nopot ruv poABoup41po[uv ode-

vuv (2,5 rltog 3 ex.) drorpuno0v rqv roro nepLrov(o T0u 0upoyevvqttro0 drorppoyporoq (neprveirrl pepppovl) po(r pe rrlv ouprl0po ror orq ouveXeLo, rpun6vrog ro potrpo rou oqpoyytrtdoug orirgorog 14g ouprl0poq (BoiBoS rou n6oug), erpotrtrouv pe prrpooronrro oropro oro eyyuq tUnUo qq olpoyydrdoug po(poq rrlg ouprl0poq. 0L potrpoupl0pofor o66veq otportitvovru ono lg oprrlp[eg rou polpou rou n6oug.

'Eou yew1rrxd 6pyovo r4S yuvofKog To yevvr1nxo 6pyava drorplvovror oe 5[o ror eoo (Ex. 3-344 rot 3-40). To e[trl yevvqrrro opyovo nepLyporpovroL pe ro nepfveo.

npeKuKoC

a0dnvoC

Erxrivo 3-39. t!qtrotp1or1 rou npoor0Tl xoro rr1 0orru),rxq e(erooq ono

ro op0o. lVlero{u rou Dorrutrou rou eleroorrl roL rqg onfo0roq enLrpovtroq Tou npoororrl nopepBoLtreror ;rdvo ro on[o0Lo rol1opo rou opOou ror ro op0oruolro dtorppoylro (Ile0roorqxe ono rrlv x0 D.M. Hutchinson. AvoDqgooreueror Ue Tlv o0elo rou: Laurenson RD. ,4n

lntrlductiln to Clinical Anatlmy by Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1968)

Dissection

of the Human

Body.

330

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Kctto Kornn Qntqo

MEilIv

AoirnC puc

A€€toC

ouputnpoc

QoAnKtK!t

oprtlpio

ttvLto€t6€c Korlov

,!Vl-to€t6EC

Eoe nov)vto opulpio

LEaoKono

f oov,uvoc looor*

E€0 dovAwo optnpio

ttoovvinoc a0vOsouoc ulc lJtltpoc

nnotuC ouv6€oLroC tnc Lrnfpoc

MtltDtoio oornoio

nu0LtEVoC u1C

LilitpoC

frcowinoc

Kon€iK€c ctoLt)Dr€(

o0v6€aLroc

ptitpoC

tnc

KuarrKo tpivTva oupoAoxou KUoulC HBtKa

ooro

E€o eupo€rot'tc :1f:ii:il

LIUC

!1: l::: .:

tK€nt1 rtiC Knsttapt6oc np06oLroC

Erxrivo 3-40. Avoropl qq Koro xortrroq xor rqq nuetrou yro v0 Qovouv, r<uploq. ro yevvlrrro 0py0v0 Trlq yuvorKoq. Tprlpo rorv 00rov Kor rl rp0o0ro polpo rqg oupoboXou ruorqq 6Xouv ocporpe0ei. de(Lo ntreupo, o ooyttyog, tt trlo0ttrl, o n],oruq ouvOeopog r<ot ro nepudvoro nou ro],u-

nreL

ro n\oyro roiXopo rlq nuetrou eXouv

otpoLpe0e[.

oqv

dvrrl po(po rou npoo0Lou rorXtirgorog

rou rol,eou, droXtrrpr(o-

vToq T0 rorXtirporo Tou, Ue onorel,eopro n Urlrpo vo oXrlgor[(er nep(nou op04 yrrrvio pe rov o[ovo rou rotreou 0e quorotroyrKr1 roro-

orooq. H yov[o ourrl ouloveror orov 1 oupodoXog ruoq yepi(er rot ovut!tirvet rov nu0gdvo qq prlrpog (Erx. 3-40 roL 3-41). H np6oQuorl Tou rotreou yupo ono rov rpoXqtro rnq Unrpoq oxlUor((eL rov 0titro rou xotreoU. Arorpfvoupe npoo0ro, on(o0ro ror duo ntrdyroug 0otrouq. 0 on(oOrog 0otrog rou roleof elvoro nro Bo011g r<or dpXeror oe oXeoq perc u1uprlrpLxo r1Anupa (Err. 3-34, 3-43 ror 3-45).

Iyeoerq rou xotreof (Etx. 3-25, 3-34 xor 3-45). To np6o0ro

Io0LtoC

rolXtrllro SpXeroL oe oXeol pe rov rpoXltro rqg pqrpog, rov nu0pri-

Tpoxnnoc

vo rrlq oupob6Xou r<[orqq, rqv retrrrq po(po rolv ouprlrtlpov rot rrlv

0onoc tou Kof,€ou Kon€oc

Erxdvo 3-41. lVerornroio 0toropq rrlq Ulrp0q, Toiv ooYoYov Kot T0u K0treou, onou tpo[vovrot ro rptlporo qq Urtrpoq rot q oX6o1 rou rpoxntrou pe

ro ovtrl oxpo rou rotreo[.

oupr1Opo. To ovrrr 6pro rou roLeou, n0u ovloTorxe[ oro 1 6o9 2 er. rou on[o0rou rorxtirporog rou flou rotrunrouv ro on[o0to tpflpo rou rpoXtltrou qq pqtpoq, rotrunrerot ouvq0otq ono neptr6voto. Iuve-

n6g, oe dtopnep6q rpouUo ourof rou rptlporoq rou rotreou e(vot nrOovrl 1 enerrooq rrlg rptreypovtlg orrlv reptrovoirtl rottrorqro. Kdrur ono

ro onio0ro ro[Xtrt;to rou rpoXrltrou, ltovo o Xotropoq ouv-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Serrxog iorog rou onroOorotreiro0 dtorppoylroroq nopeUBotrtreror

lero[u rou on[o0rou rorlrirgorog rou ro],e00

Otreprxrj nopo;16reuc4 rou xotreof (Err. 3-25). 0r tptrepeq rou rotreou oXrlgori(ouv ro xoAei.xo rpAefuxo ntrtypa, roro plroq rorv ntroyurlv rorXtrlporov rou, pSoo oro ptrevvoyovo. Erpotrtrouv orrlv

op0orj. Ervor rilopevoq eqrrrrl 1 dorrutrrrrl, ono ro op0o, el6rooq rou ro),eo[. 0 rotrnog epXeror oe oX6or1 ttpoq r0 rorto pe ro x6vrpo rou neprKor T0u

veou. To orevo ntroyro rorXtirl-roro rou rotreou

oqv

331

eou Aoy1vn qAeBa

enrxorvrrrvouv pe

ro ruorlro, prlrpro[o

roL

orlroppoidrrd QtreFrro nl6yporo.

neproXrl rou

Aepgrx{ nopol6reuoq rou xotreof (Err. 3-42).

rcoXqtrou (ntroyror Ootror), dpXovror oe oXdoq ge rov ntroru ouvde-

ALorp(voupe

qq ovtireprlg

0p0 Trlg UlTpoq, exei onou epnepreXovror or oupnr1peq Kor r0 Url.pro[o oyye[o (ELr. 3-25 etrlg 3-28). To ntrdyro Xeitr4 npog ro xotto,

rperg opobeg rotreirtirv trepqoyye[orv: (1) ere(vo

spxovTor oe oXeoq Ue Touq ovetrrqpeg pueg rou nptrlrrou, toug uer(oveq oddveg K0r rpuq 9oIBo0S rou npodogou (Err. 3-15A, 3-

oroug eoa xot E(u Aoyovrcuq AepEadeveq, (2) ere(vo qg p6oqg po(pog,ro ono[o ouvodeuouv rn UrlTpoKotreirq opqpio ror erBotr-

60 xor 3-71). H o0onooq rov ovetrrrlptrlv lrutirv rou nporrrou (r1ooxorruyrrl poipo) etrorrtlver rq drdperpo rou oulou rou rotreou,

trouv oroug eou Aay1vtoug iegpadeveq ror (3) ere[vo rou npo6o-

poi-

poq Tou, ro onolo ouvobeuouv rr1 pqrpro[o opr4p(o ror erpotrtrouv

ro ntroyro rorXtirlr0T0 Tou. 0r ogryxr{peg rou xotreof (Erx. 3-15A, 3-23, 3-60 ror 3-64).

Uou, T0 onoio erpotrtrouv, oulv ntreLoqqq(o rouq, orouq enmoAr1q BouBuvxolq Aeprpadeveq. Meprro treUqoyyeio rou npodogou, erBdtrtrouv oroug repodq Ku rluq xotvolg Aay1wouq Aeptpod6veg.

Tperq gueq eivor oe 06oq vo ouprnrdoouv rov rotreo ror vo bpooouv

NeUpalo4 rou xotreod (Erx. 3-47). To ve0po rou rotreou npo6p-

oov otpLyrrrlpeg: (1) o n|oxoAeix1q luq, n npoo0Lo go(po rou ovetrrrqpo rou nporrou, (2) ro oupoyevv4uxo \nrppaypo rot (3)

Xovror on6 rc p1rpoxoAelxo nAEypo, ro onolo Bp(oreror oq pdorl rou nl,oreog ouvbeopou, eror6po0ev rou uneprotreirou rpqporoq

o poApoo4payy664q puq.

rou rpoXrltrou. 0t rordrrepor rtrodor rou ntreyporog rorovdprovror orov rpoXrltro Kor rlv ov6repq po[po rou rotreo0. To veupo, ro

<o0rrrg ougntrlord(er

Aqtaruorl rou xoAeol (Err. 3-241- eorq 3-27).H plrporotreirrl oprqpro onoretreI ouvrl0og rtrodo qq glrpro(og oprqp(oq, otrtro pnope[ vo npo6pXeror xor ono qv e ooi troyovro opqpio. Ot dlo pr1rpoxoAeixEq opqpieg ovooropuirvovroL pero[u roug, ro06g roL pe rov rpoXrltrrxo rtrddo qq pqrpro(oq opr4piog. H eou oLdotlx4 aprr7pfu xot rotreixo( rtrodor r4q peoqg atpoppoildw1g oprr1pfuq

onolo drov6povr0r oTov rotreo, npodpXovror ono rc xoru unoya0ryrc nAtypa ror ro nue,lrra onAaywxo velpa.

qo-

po0oro0v enfor1g rov rotreo. To retreurolo ourd oyyeio e[voL rtrodor

qg 6oo troyovrog opqp(og.

)

I i

trI ,::r;r:) ffi

Kotvoi noV0vtot 'Eoo novovtot

E€e noyovtot

tffi

EnrnonltC PouBoJVtKoi

l-;1

Bo0€t PauPovtKor

Erxrivo 3-42. Aeptprrq no-

l€pot

poxereuo4

nopoop0tKot

rou roLeou, rotv rooyrrrytrrv rot rov too01r<rilv.

ulrpoq

332

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

n0p0uoi0 ruu toxtoKdv aKovedv, or 0n0[€q rtp0p0^Iouv npog r0 n[oo Kor eoto xor ono roug etrooooveg roXLoiepoug

rou o.rop(ou ono rrlv oo0r'y<r1. H telvrxrl ourrl ovoUq(etut ev5oneprovo|xn yovL7onoinon (Dellenback et al.,

ouvd6opoug (ELr. 3-1, 3-68 ror 3-B). To eooreprrd rou rotr-

nou, ro0org ror ro ev6oxotrnLxo rprllro rou rpoXrltrou rnq Ulrpog, pnopo0v vo etreyX0ouv pe rq poqOero xoAnodnorc-

ieo

(ELr<.

trLrq

el6rool

3-43). 0 rpoXqtroq enrntr6ov qrntroQoTot ge boxruluior-o

rou xotreou q rou opOou. 0r notrpol rorv

Tn Inqrn 98Bb).

0t XeLpoupytrfg

enegBooerq orov xotrno ouvrlOoig

np0yp0T0r0r00vror g6ou rou nepLv6ou

(Eu<.

3-23 xor 3-

70). 0r eneppooerg ourrlg elvor yevrxo drop0onr6g, oe nepLnr6oerg no0otroyrrrlq Xotroprooqq rov rorXtrrportlv r0u

gqrproirrrv opqprtirv ylvovror oto8rlroi oro ntroyro rorXtirporo

rotrnou, xon nou eivor onopporo

rou rpoXrltrou (Err.3-41). Io xoAnooxonto (ro ono(o tp6peL peye8uvlro qoro), eivur ro opyovo, nou erodyeror orov K0-

rppdVUoroq

treo yro rqv ntrr1p6orepr1 e{5rooq rou rotrnou rot rou rpoXrl-

oTnq oT0 npooOro ro[1topo rou xd],nou (ruoreorqtrq, Err. 3-

lou. Aoyo riov ovorogrxtirv oX6oetov rou, 11 erooyoyq opyovou orov rdlno pe roreu0uvorl xor'euOeiov npog ro n(-

nou (op1oxqAfl.

e[oo06vror1g rou dro-

rrlg nu6trou troyo rurloeoq. H xoroorooq ourq elvor duvordv vo odrlyfioer oe npopotrrl rqg oupodrlXou xu151-)

q npopotrq rou op0ou oro onio0ro rolXtrllro tou ro],-

oto, eveXeL rov x[v6uvo rpouporropou rou onlo0rou rotXtit-

porog rou ror 6[o6o rou opyovou, pSotrr rnq euOupqrpLrqg nruXflg, ornv nrprrovoirrl roLtrorqro (Err. 3-34 xoL 3-43). To onor6Leogo prnopef vo ttvot neprcov{ndo. T6rotou efdoug

pqrpo

(Err. 3-25 doq 3-28, 3-34 ror 3-40 eorg 3-a6). H Ul-

Tpo Uroq p1 eyruou yuvokoq onore),eI rortro putrrbeg opyovo pe noXro rorXrillroro ror oXlpo oXtrodrou, nou Bp[oreroL pero[u rrlq oupodoXou ruorlg ror rou op0ou.

'EXer

plroq 7 eorq

on[oOrou rorXcilgorog

B er., ntrorog 5 5og 7 er. ror noXog 2 eoq 3 ex. H tpuorotroyrrfl pflrpo qeperor npoq T0 novo ror epnpog novtrl ono rqv oupoboxo r0orr1. Irrl DropxeLo rrlq xuloqg, ro p6ye0og rrlg ou{overoL roro notr0 yro vo qAofevfloer ro epBpuo. H prlrpa onorel.e[ru ono duo xipn rpr1-

Xr1trou,

poro (Err. 3-41 xor 3-44). (1) ro oo1ro, nou onoretref ro 6loyro-

BIdFn

eXeL

ouppel oe ondnerpeg dxrptoorlg pe

Bon0eto

onog xopqlroeg xonetrtr;v Kor Kpspoorpeq. 'Eua AanapooxonLo 4 rcpuoveoox6nto, efvot duvordv vo eLooX0e[ ornv neprTovoir4 xoildqto, ptloo rou otXlrrlprirv ovrLrerp6vrrrv,

rou evdoxotrnrrou tpflporog rou rpope orono rov dtreyXo rov oo0rlr6v 11 rov trroyoryrirv

pqrpoq xoL(2)rov rpf14tro, ro roror

(n.X. enr urorf(oq ootrnryyrxrlg xuqoqq). H 6rodLr<oo[o ourrl

Uevo drjo ovor rpuqpopro

ovopo(eroL onfu9n xoAnorop4.

ru),rvdprrou oXr1porog rpLrrl;ropLo. Mro e troqporg ore vorepq po[po,

0orurropo e(vor duvorov vo trr1qOouv ond dreyepgdveg aro0qreq yn yovtpona[r107 in vitro, pre dLoro],nrrr1 no-

o ro0ptig, onore),eI ro opro perolu rou orilporog ror rou rpoXrltrou (Err 3-41 ). 0 nu1pevoq r4g prlrpog elvor ro onoorpoyyu],rrtpdvo ovo rplgo rou orirporog, ro onofo Bpfoxeror novot ono q ypoppl

poxevrqorl oo0utror(ou, roror ono un€pnxoypoqrro etreyXo (Dellenbach et al., 198Ba). H Betrov1 noporevrrloqg erooye-

tor ond ro onls0ro roiXtrrlro rou rpoXrltrou oro eu1up4rpwo xbAnupa, rovro orrlv aro0qrq (ELr. 3-43 ror 3-45). Me rq poqOeLo uneprlXov, eivoL 6uvordv vo evronloOoriv ro 6ptpro oro0utrorto (Err. 3-328) ror ro odpro r0uq v0 trnq0ouv yro in vitro yovrlronoiqorl. Me rov [6ro rpono, onepporo(oopro eivoL duvorov vo erooX0ouv oro eu8uplrprxo xotrnopo, on'onou 0o nopotrqg0o0v ond rov uroyoyo, ouylpovorq pe

nou evover rrg erooboug rorv rooytrryrirv. 0t nepLoXeg our6g rou otirporoq 11q glrpog onou erodpXovTor or ooyoyoI ovol-ro(ovror xeporo. Enerdrl o rpoXltroq rqq plrpog npopotrtrer npog rov xotreo, droxprvoupe, yro repryp0QLro0g troyouq Eva unepxoAnLxd xot eva ev1oxoAnxo rpqpo rou ryay4Aou. To orporprro evddrotrnrro rplpo enrrorvovei pe rov rotreo pdotrl rou e{u oroptou Tnq Unrpog. To oropro ouro oqopr(eror ono npoo1to xot onfu1to leriog, nou oXqporr(ovror ono rov rpoXlLo.

Erxtivo 3-43. E(erooq rpoXrltrou. A. H oo0evrlg Bptorerol oe yuvorr<otroytrr1 0eoq pe ro prirpoor<oTrr0 oT0v rotrno, ro ono[o

ELt0Ltl iltLptKO Kon no.) Lto

onoXopf(er fD0xr)r)oc

npooOro ror

onloOro

roiXtrrlro rou. B. KovrLvfl oQrl rou rpoXrl-

trou (IXedroorqre ono

qv ro D.M.

Hutchinson, Avodrlpooreueror Ur Tlv odero rou: Laurenson RD'. An lntroduction to Clinical Anatlny by Dissection of the Human Body. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, r 968)

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

333

AtiKU0aC koclV(t)Vou)

ttpovvun oc oiv6€ oLtoc

tn c Liltt tJoc

K660voC rou ooVDVou nou o6nv€t oro KornroKo or1Lilo

Kooaaor

'l6taC

o0vOsaLtoc

K p € Lt o

oui

a Av6 E

ilic 0o0nKt'tc

Qo)iKtlc

tLtc

l-t o C

M€oeo0tiKto Qo0nKtKo oVVsio

TpoxDnoc tnC LiliTpoC

saoaonntvvt o

nnor0c a0v6sottoc rnc LilitDoc E€o oroLtta tnc Lilttpoc

Erxrivo 3-44. 0nto0to oUrl

Uq plrp0q,

rcov ooOryti.rv,

rov trroyoyrilv

0 roOprlg rqg p{rpog, pqrouq nep(nou 1 er., elvot p[o orevq (tirv1, nou noprorover rq peronrtrloq rou otirporog rrlq Unrpoq orov rpoXltro (Err. 3-41 ). To pLrpo ouro or6vopro efvor nro egqoveg ortg aroxeq yuvo[xeq. To orirlro qq pqrpoq ouvl0og epqov((er npoo0ro roprprl oe oX6oq ge rov rpoXltro (Etx. 3-28 r<or 334A), evtir otrortrqpq n Ulrp0 epqovr(eL npoo0Lo rtrioq. Irrq qtrL-

rurpeveg yuvo[reg ouXvo noporqpelror on[o0to rtrio1 rqg gqTp0q. To ro(yu1Lo rr1q pr1rpog

onoreAe[ru ono rpeq orrBddeq (Err.

3,34):

1. 2.

Trlv e[orreprrrl opoyovo orrpo6o, ro nepLlt7rpto, ro ono[o onore),efror ono neprrovoro nou u[ooTrlp((eror ono p[o trenr1 orrpodo ouvderrrou roroU.

K0r

r0iv yupL0 0ogov. 0 n),orug ouv0eopoq opLorepo 6Xer oqorpe0ei

H pqrpo epqovt(er pfo npooOro-roru

44). 0 idtog o1vdeopog r4g uo14xqg roroqferol oro oogo rnq Unrpog, nloo.r xot roro ono rqv erBotrrl rotv rrtoyoyrirv (Etr.3-44), eua o orpoyyuAoq olvdeopoq rnq Unrpoq rororp0erol epnpog ror

roro ono ourrlv. Kor or duo ouroI ouvdeopor ouvexovror pe ro ro[Xopo TIq [qrpog, r<o06q npodpXovrar on6 rov'ooXeiro ouvdeopo rou opXeog oro epppuo (Moore, 1988). Ko0e mpoyyu)roq ofv6eopoq rpeperor pero[u rolv nerotrolv rou nloreoq ouv-

rupLot rtrodor rotv oyyeiu-rv ror veupov rqg pqrpog evronf(ovror

oe our1v oxpLptirq rq orrpodo. ple

oXeoq pe ro evrepo

(Err. 3-45). 0r 600 oureg rupreg enupoveLeg Xop[(ovror Ue TO 0pr-

oro0epo

orepo ror 6e{ro Xeitroq. Ko?e uoyuyog erpotrtrer oro ovo-r oxpo rolv ntroyur.tv Xettr6ov qq glipog. Aqlodrl, ro 6vo oxpo TIJV ooyoyrirv ovofyeL oqv nsprTovorrrl rortroqro, rovro orrg oro0rlreg ror ro otrtro orqv rortroqro qq plrpog (Etx. 3-27 , 3-40 3-41 ror 3-

ono orpopo treltr-rv purrdrv rvdrv noXoug 12 eorg 15 Xrtr. To puopflrpro ou[overor olgovrrro roro droprero rqg ruqoqq. 0r

orrpodo ro evdop4rpto, ro ono[o

xuortx1 enKplven,

vuqevrepx4 enryaveta, q ono[o 6pXeroL oe

Tq peorl purrl orrpoDo, ro puop7rpLo, ro ono(o onore),e(ror

3. Tqv eooreprrq

onofo epXeror oe oXeol pe rrlv oupoDoXo ruorrl ror p[o on[o0ro-o-

6do;rou, oro nl,oyro roiXtrrlro rrlg etroooovoq nudtrou, ;r6Xpr tv rci poOer pouBrrlvtro dorru),t0. llepvo prloo ono ro

Tov

ouveXeror

ro unore(prevo puoplrpro.

BoupurvLrd nopo roL xoroqueror orov uno6opto roro ydtrtrrvtrl€ttrd,trlv toU grdoiou (Bl. Err, rQ.,18).r ,

rov pe-

To oripo 11q gqrpoq neprrle(eror pero[u rov nerotrov rou ntroreog ouvbeopou

r<or

pnopel vo xrve(ror etreu0epo (Err. 3-27 3-

28 ror 3-44). Enopevtog, xoO6q q oupodoXoq ruoq yepr(eL 1 ;r1-

rpo ovurlltlveror, ror orov 11 ruorrl e lvor re].eitr-rg yeUoTf rl Uf Tp0 rL[ver npog ro nfuu ror eu0uypol-r1rl(eroL pe rov xo],e0. Ko0drq 1 xuorq odero(er, q prlrpo enovepXeror orodroro oq quorotroyrxl rnq 06ot, dntr. oe npoo0ro rtrrol (Err. 3-34A) 0 rpoxltroq rtq ut-

334

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

rp0q

eUQ0v((er neproprouevrl KrvrlTrK6Tnro,

K0g6q ouyKpors[T0r

ono opK8TOUq 0uvb6ou0uq, 0r Ono(0r 0n0TtL0uv n0xuvoerq Tnq iluslrKrlq neprTovloq, svroxuUdveq Ue trs(eq UUiKdq (vsq. 0 eyxoporcg rpay4Atxog oivdeopoq erre[veror ono rov rpo11tro Kor rouq ntroytoug 0otroug rou roLeou drrlg ro ntrdyro rorXtirgoro rr;g nuetrou. 0r rcpoprlrpLxo( oAvde,opoL, rp6povror ono ro ovtrr xol eLocpptitg

n(oo rgtlpo rov ntroy(rrlv Xeil6trrv rou rpoXltrou og ro p6oo

rou lepou oorou. Bp(orovror rortrl ono ro nepLrovoro Kot novtrl ono rov oveLrrrlpo UU Tou rrpoKTo0. 0r evdonuetrrro( ouroI ouvdeo;-tot elvor duvordv v0 rlltroqneouv ono ro op0o, roOdrq q6povror npog

ro n(oo oro 6uo nl,oyro rou. 0r repoplrprroI

ouvDeopoL ouyKp0-

rrlg 0eo1, evdr ouvrlOorg nepr6Xer gio evreprrfl dtrrro, orov n UnTpo pploxeror oe on[o0ro r<trro1. flpog ro rforo ro odrpo qg plrpog ror

ro unepxotrnrrd rplpo rou rpoXrltrou Xtopi(ovroL ono ro orygoerdig roAov pe evo n6ro),0 rou neprrovo[ou K0r

rlv

neprrovorrfl xortro-

rqro. H prlrpo Xtlrpi(eror ono ro opOo Ue ro eu1upryprco xlAnupa (rou Douglas). To ror6repo rprlgo ourou rou ro),ntlporog epXeror oe orevq oX6o1 ge rov onioOro Ootro rou rotreou. Ilpog ro ntrdyro elvor notru orlpovlr4 n oxdon rou oupqrrlpo pe rq pqrproio oprqp(0. 0 oupqqpog XLo(eror pe q p4rpto(o oprqpio, ro0tirg nopeueror roro ono ourlv or4v nloyLo enrqovero rou rpoXrltrou. Apr4pieg rqg pfirpoq (Eu.3-241 etlrq 3'28). 0r oprrlpieg rrlq

lg p4rpnbq

rouv rov rpdXqtro rqg pqrpog orrlv rovovrrrl rou 06o1 oe oX6o4 ge

prlrpoq npoepXovror roro rupro troyo ono

ro repd ooro.

Areroduouv orov ntroru ouvdeopo oT0 ulloq rorv ntroyrrrrv Ootrtrlv

Io xlpto oriprypo qq prypoq e(vot ro nueAwo edogoq

(nou

oXlpor((eroL ond ro dLoqpoyUo Tlq nudtrou). To nuel,rro ontroXvo xoL 11 prlrpo ouyrporofvror perolu roug, evto ort1 ornprll rouq oupBotrtrer oe

olpovlxo

poOpo

rot

nuetrrxrl nepuovlo (Err. 3-15

ror 3-34A). 0r buo ovetrrrrlpeq pueq rou npolrrou, or 6tjo rorruyrro( p0eq ror or g0eg r0u oupoyrvvlrrrou drorppoyUoToq, e[vor notru orlpovlrol yro q orqprlq rr;g prlrpoq (Err. 3-23 rot 3-344). Io

oprqpbq.

rou rotreo0, novo ono roug ouprlrlpeg. Avr(ororXo npog rov roOpo rqq p1rp0q 11 pqrpto(o opqp(o brXo(eror ror divel 6vov peyotro ovrovro rtrodo yLo ro o6po irlg plrpoq ror evov prrpo rorrovro rtrodo yro rov rpoXqtro ror rov rotreo. H prlrpo rporpodore(ror en(of q Kor ono rrq uo1qxxeq apr4pbq, nou efvol xtrodor qq ooprrlq

(Err. 3-25, ptr. en(o1q Err. 2-83). 0r pqrpto(eq oprqpieg q6povror pero[u rorv nerotrov rou ntroreog ouvddopou roro pqroq rov n],0-

q pqrpo an6 epnpoq xot novu, errog ono ro evdoroi,nud rgqpo rou rpoXrltrou (Erx. 3-45). Avoropnrer pnpo-

yulv

oro npog rr;v oupoddXo

ruoq ror nioo npog ro opOo, orpo0 rotrurov on[o0ro Ootro rou rotrnou. 0 nlurUg orivdeopog 14g pfirpog (ELx. 3-25 Srog 3-27, 3-28 ror 3-43). llopLoro nruXq rou nepuovofou, q ono[o ro],0nreror ono Ueoo0rltrro ror ond rrg drlo ntreupeg inq. 0 drntroq ourog u;r6vog, exre(veror ono ro ntroyto Xertrq qg UnTpoq g6Xpr ro ntroyro roLXrirU0T0 Tnq etroooovog nuetrou. 0 ntroruq ouvdeogog ouyrporel rrl

oprrlpreq.

qler

0treprxrj nopo;1ereuo4 14g p{rpog (Err. 3-25, ptr. en(o1q Err. 2-83). 0r p4rproleg qlepeq bteroduouv orov n],oru ouvdeopo po(( ge rrq gqrproleq oprqpreq. IXlpori(ouv ro p4rpLob qAeBxo 6i-

neptovato xoAlmu

Xettr6trlv

pqrpog,

clnou p6povror npoq

p6XpL

rrlv eloobo o'ourrlv rtrrv tlloyrrryrirv,

r0 elor xor ovooropuirvovror

rruo, de[Lo rol oprorepo rou

nq ooO4rrreg

rpoXrltrou ror erpotrtrouv orrg eoar

plrpo orq rpuorotroyrr1 rrlq 05o1. To duo nerotro rou ntroreog ouv6eopou ouveXovror oro ovrrr (etreuOepo) Xeftog rou, ro ono[o rpero epnpog ror novtrr ror nepr$otrtreL rov uroytoyo. llpog ro n),oyro ouveXf(eror, novor ono ro ioo0lrrrd oyyero, aq, Kpe1ooqpag oAvdeopog r4g uo04x4q.0r trroyoyo( pplorovror rtreLo96voL ptloo oro etre0Oepo orpo rov ntror6tr,rv ouvbeopurrv. 0 iDroq peTor ilpoq

ofvdeopog

qg olo0lrqq ppioreror

orpoyyAAoq oAvdeopoq,

rdro

qq p4rpoq

npoq T0 nfoo ror novo ror o pploreroL npog T0 epnpdq ror

gSoo orov ntroru ouvdeopo. 0 ntroruq orjvdeopoq neprdXer e-

[trlneprrovoiro roro (ouvberrro roro roL treieq guir6q [veg), o ono[og onotele[ rc nopaprlrprc. 0 ntrorug ouvdeopoq npootpdper orrlpt[r1rot orrlv too0rlrrlpe ro peooo0rlrro (Err. 3-264 r<or 3-44), nou

Antaeor)BrKoC

xdpaC

rl ono[o ouvd6er ro npooOto pe rr;g tr.roO1rr1q ro on(o0to nerotro rou ntrordog ouvdrlXefioq opou. To peooootrn(yyro elvor ro rpqpo rou ntror6og ouvdrlo;-rou orpopo ppoXe(o nepuovoirrl nruxn,

pero[f rou ldrou ouv66opou qg oo0rqrnq, Tnq olo0rlxqg Kor Tou

Cau

Erxtivo 3-45. To nepuovoto

tloytrlyOu. 0L ol6oerg 14g p{rpog (Err. 3-25, 3-28, 3-34, 3-40 r<oL 3-45). IIpog ro epnpdg ro otlpo qg grlrpoq Xopi(eror ono rrlv oupodoXo

ruoq pe ro KulTelpnrpxo xoAnupa. Ed6 ro nepuovoro ovoxopnrer ono rq prlrpo oqv onfo0ro enrqovero rqq oupoboXou ruoqg, ovr(ororXo npoq T0 on(o0ro opro

glrprrrl nruXq

HBo Ku

efvoL

enupoverog ourrlg. H KUoTro-

revf, orov I Unrpo pp[oxeroL oq quorotroytrrl

v 6 â&#x201A;Ź o l_t o C

ro onoio roLunreL ro yuvoLrelo

nue],u<o

opyovo tp6peror: 1. ono ro npooOlo r<orLtoro ro[Xo1ro,2. novo ono ro

qg oupodoXou rfor4g 4. on6 r4v ro),nolpo) 5. orov nu0p6vo r<or ro otirpo rrlg UlTp0q, rov on[o0ro 0rjtro ror ro ro(Xrrlpo rou rotreou, 6. pero[u rlq p1rpog ror rou opOou (eu0upqrprro rotrntopo), 7. or4v npoo0ro ror lg ntroyreq enLtpovereg rou oneu0uop6vou, 8. npoq ro nlou-r, onou peron(nrer oro orypoerd6g peoorotro. lBtr<o ooro,

3. oqv ovtrl enrqovero

r0oq oqv plrpo (ruoreopqrptro

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

33s

Aayoweg EAEBeq. To qtreprro ouro d(rruo ouvdeeror ge rqv ovrr.r otltoppoidtt<1 qtrepo oXrllrori(ovrog 6rot ovaoropuoq pera{A r7q

e(vor duvorov vo nopogeiver ou1 yuvolro

nuAo[ag Kot rnq ouorr1pouxrlq xuxAotpop[oq.

d6opou xoro prlrog rolv ntrol6v XeLtr6rov'rnq Uqrpoq r'l rou roLeo0. Ynol,er;.rporLro ororXe[o ro]v Ueooveqprrdv nopcrlv

Aepqrx{ nupolereuo4 rqg p{rpog (Err. 3-42). To trepqoyyeio

qq plrpog orotrou0ouv

rperg rupLeg o6o0q: (1) ro neprooorepo

trepqoyyeto ono rov nu0pevo

og nopog rou

Gartner. Bploxeror pero{u rolv nerotrolv rou ntroreog ouv-

e[vor 0uvorov vo odqyrloouv orq drlproupyio xuoreulv rou

pqrpog nopeuovror po(r pe ro o-

ncipou rou Gartner (Moore, 1988).

o0qrtro oyye[o ror erpotrtrouv 0r0uq 00pnK0uq iegpodeveq ov

ror opropevo treUpoyyeio exBotrtrouv orouq e{o Aoyovtoug AepEa-

0r rooytoyoi (Err. 3-26 eorq 3-28, 3-34, 3-40, 3-41,3-44

deveq n nopeuovror po(i pe ro orpoyyutro ouvdeo;ro rqq plrpog xor erpoLLouv oroug enmoArlq BouBuvtxolg Aeprpadtveg, (2) ro

toq 3-46). 0rooyrrryoi (oolnLyyeg) e(vor nopor pqroug 10 eolg 12

ouvbeopou oroug

rou otoporog Trlq UlTpoq QepovTor Usoo Tou ntror6og e{a Aoyowouq Aeprpadeveg, (3) ro treptpoyye(o rou rpoXrltrou r1g pilrpog, er$otrtrouv oTOUq €o&i Aoy6vLouq xot

xeparo rnq Unrpoq 0r ooyrrryoi peroq6pouv oorurropo ono rrg ooOrlreg Kor onepUoro(oopro ono 11 prlrpo oq Ar1t<u1o Touq, rl

roug rc,poiq AepEadeveq.

ono(o onoretrei ro orlpe [o onou enuetre[T0r rl yovrUonorlon. 0r rrroyrrlyoI en[o1g perotpdp0uv Tov drorpougevo (uy6rq orlv xoilorq-

tregtpoyyeLo

Nefpoo4 r4g p{rpog (Err. 3-47). To ve0po rqq plrpoq npoSp-

er. ror droperpou 1er., or onolol errelvovror npoq

qq g1rpog

6[o ono ro

KoOe o;oytoyoq eUQovi(er evo revrprxo oropro oro

qq plrpog ror sv0 rrprQeprKo oropro, ovorXro

Xovrot ono rc xoru unoyootpto nAeypo xoL potrroro ono qv npoo0ro rot U6on Uorpo ourou, yvrrlorl ac, pqrpoxoAeilxo nAEypo, ro

ovriororXo rdpoq

onolo pploreror pero[u rov nero],ov rou ntroreog ouvbeopou, exorepo0ev rou rpoXrltrou. 0t nopooupnoOqrtreq lveg npodpXovror

yoyoI enup5nouv TI]v enlrorvovlo gero[f rqg nepuovoixrlg ror],0Trlr0g Kor rou e(oreprro0 neprpotrtrovrog. lro neprypoqrro0g troy0uq, 0 uoyuyoq brorpelrol oe reooepo rprlporo: rov xtiduva, rq

ono ro nue.lrra onAoyvtxo velpo (12,13 ror l4), ev6

oupnoOrlrt-

ort1v neprrovoixrl rortrorrlro, xovro

oqv oo0qrq. Iuventlg, or rrro-

rdg iveg npo6pXovror ono ro noponovor ntreypo. To veupo rou

Ar1xu)o, rov Lo0p6 xot r4 prlrpLa(a poipa.

ipoXtltrou oXlpori(ouv ntr5ypo, oro ono(o onovrdvror prrpo nopo-

0 xddav (l Xoovn) elvor ro oXrlporog Xoovrlg, d[ro I nepupeprro orpo rou ooyrrlyou, ro onolo 6pxerot oe orevrl oxeol us Tlv (l)00111. Avoryer oTrlv neprrovoirq roiloqTo Ue r0 xoLAtoxo rou oropto (Etx,3-27 r,u 3-46). To 6lro ouro oropro rou ooyrr.ryou eXer

rpoXrltrLro yoyytrro, rlvo rcov onoltrrv, ouXvo peyotro, ovopo(eror yayyAto rou rpoy1Aou r4q pr1rpaq.0L ourovopeq fveg rou prlrpo-

rotreirou ntreygoroq, eivor ruplog oyyerorrvqrrr6g. 0r neprooorepeg ono rrg revrpopotreg rveg ovrlpXovror pe ro roro unoyoorpro ntr6ygo ror eroepXovror orov vorrrolo puetro dro rorv 010 eolq 012

ror 01 vorrolov

ve uporv.

H grlrpo xoro rqv noL6rrq qtrLr(o eivor

roilLoro rlpyo-

v0 Kor 0 rpoXl),og eivoi oXenro poxpuq. Kord rqv eqqpeio I UnTpo ovonruooeror roXuroro. 2rr1v e1ry4vonouo4 (46 e-

oq 52 ertlv), n Urlrpo ro0[ororor o6povrlg ror ro p6ye0dg rrlg el,orrtirverot (u E {oraro L ary oEio) . Aretrr1 g ouvrlvtoo4 Tov n0p0ptoovetppLr6v noporv roro qv egppuirrl (orr1, pnopel vo o61yr1oer oe norr[treg dropoprieg

otlv

6rontroor1

rolv eoo yevvlnrdlv opyovrrrv, n.X. 6rntr{ prirpo rot dtntroq rotredg (Moore,1988).

0 rpdXqtrog ror ro odr;ro rqg pqrpoq etreyXovror rtrrvrxo pe opEiXerpq eldrooq. To duo np6ro doxrutro rou delLou XepLou eroepXovror gqtro peoo orov rotrno, ev6 ro oltro X6pt nL6(eL npog

ro n[oo.r xor roro r4v qBrrfl nepLoXrl rou

ndvo ono rrlv qprrrl o0;upuor1. Me ourov rov rpono eldyXeror ro p6ye0og qg p4rpoq, otrtro r<or otrtro XopoxqprorLrd rqq (n.X. eov ppiorerot orrl quorotroyLxrl rqq 06oq qq npoo0rog xtrionq), npooOrou xorl,rorod rorXrilporog, oprioo:g

dtoperpo 2 Xrtr. t<ot pploreror orov nu0prlvo rou rdrdiovo. l-lepLpotr),eror ono 20 eoq 30 xpooooAq.0r dorru),roerdefg oureg npoosKpotreg e(ontrovovror oTrlv enrqovelo qq ooOr1xr1g, evti evog ono

ouroug, o porpurepog, o uo04xLx6q xpoooog npoorpueror orrlv oo01rq (Err. 3-44). Koro qv ooppl(io, or rpooooI noyldeuouv ro olorurropo ror ro npoto0o0v ono ro rod,roro oropro orrl trqru0o rou aroyoyori. H Atlxu1oq rou oroyoyou onoreLeI Trlv ttpoq ro eoto ouveXero rou rodo.lvo. I'ouro ro ropporr rou otoytr.ryou, pe qv etrrroerd1 no-

pe[0, enuetre[rot ouvrl0og

11 yovrponoiqol rou orop(ou ono ro onepporo(oropro. H tr1ru0og e[vor 1 nlo porpro ror eupe[o porpo rou oroyrrryoU, ouvrordlvrog nepinou ro prroo prlrog rou. 0 to01t6c,

rou ooyroyou onore),e( ro BpoXu (neprnou 2, 5 er), orevo ror pe noxro rorxtol.roro rpqgo rou ooyrr:you, ro onolo eloepxeror oTt'l ulrpo peoo rtrlv reporov r1g. H lultpnta poipa (evdororyaporLx4 1toip0) tou rr.loyroyou e ivor ro ppoXu rprlpo Tou, T0 ono[o drdpXeroL p6oo ono ro noX0 guoglrpLo ror erpotrtrer p,e ro prlrptob oroluo orrlv rorLorrlro rqq pqrpoq. To oroprro ouro efvor pLrporepo ono ro xoLAtoxo otoltto.

0t uoyuyoi pplorovroL oro ovu, eAeA1epo ye[trog rou nAorEoq ouvdeopou rrlq p4rpaq (Err. 3-26A, 3-27 ror 3-44). To rp1;ro

(ELr.

3-34). Irqv neplnrotol nou 0 Lo0pdq rqg ;ulrpog eivot Uotrordq (olpeio rou Hegar), o rpoXqtrog biveL rrlv evrfnrrlor1 dtr dXer onoXopLo0ei ond ro o69o rqg prppog. 0 gotro-

tou n),oreog ouvdeopou n0u npooQUtror 0r0v trroytrlyo ovopo(eror u0otvTepro rou oroytrryou tl ueooooAnUyro. 0r trtoyrrtyol qepovrol npoq T0 6[o ror roro npog ro ntroyro ro(Xroporrlg nuetrou. Iq ou-

r<og roOpog onore),el 6vo np6rpo orlpeio eyrugoouvlq. To rprlgo rou peoovetpprxou nopou, ono ro onoio npo6pXovroL

vdXero qdpovror npoq

o onepporLxdq Kor 0 eKon€pgorrorrrog nripog orov ovdpo,

vTOr

ooOqreq.

l\4e

(oLpeoq

ro novor, oXrlpor[(ovrog ro{o novot ono rrg rq glrprolo po[po roug, or trtoyrLryol gpLoxo-

ut00 0ro ntprrov0r0.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

336

Aprqpie q rov tooytoyov (ELr. 3-24t rot3-25 6tog 3-28). 0L op-

46). H onoAivaon ruv ayuytiv onorelei pio ono rLg peOo-

rov o-royoryrilv npoepXovrot ono rtg pqrpnbg rot rtg ato04xLxeg apr4pbg. 0r rtrodot yto T0uq llloyt'.tyouq nope uovrot npog ouro0g pero[0 rov nero],tov rou ntroreog ouvdeopou.

6ouq eldyxou rorv yevvfloeov. To oorurropo rov yuvolrtiv

rqpLeg

0treprxrj nopolereuoq

rov

tooytoytov (Etr. 3-25 rot 3-28).

tplepeq rolv rooyrrryiitv ouvobeuouv rtg ovrlorotXeq opTI]ptsg erBotrtrouv orLg prlrptoteg rot oto0lrtreg qlepeg.

K0t

rtov tooytoytitv (Etx. 3-42). To tregqoyye(o rov uroyoydrv orotrou0oLjv erelvo rou nu0ptlvo rt1q UI]Tp0q K0r Tov o-ro01rdrv, ovepXovrot po(i pe rLg oo0lrtreg QtrdBeq r0t erpotrtrouv or0uq 00prtKOuq trepqoddveq rqq ooqutxtlq Uotp0q. Ne riptooq rov tooytoytitv (Etr. 3-25 rot 3-47). To ve upo rtr-tv trloyorytirv npo6pXovrot ono ro oo0lrtro rot ro plrpto[o ntreygo. Kevrpopotreq rveg ono roug tooytr.ryoug tpdpovrot pe ro 011, 012 rot Aeprprxrj nopo;lereuoq

01 vorro(o veupo.

ourtrrv, ro onoio eleuoepdlvovror ono rtg trtooqxeg, rorotrrlyouv oT0uq ooyoyoug, ne0o[vouv ereI xol ouvtogo dLotruovror. M(o 0trtr1 reXvtxrl ouviorotot orrlv onotppo[4 rolv ooyoytirv pe ntroorLro puoporo, ro ono[o pnopouv v0 0Q0tpeOouv.

oyoryou. Ko0tirq o drotpoupevog (uytlrqq, nou npor0nret,

petoxtveirot opyo roro prlroq rou trtoytrtyoti perorp6nerot at popidLo, ro ono[o xot rorotrqyeL orrl grlrpo (Moore, 19BB). l-ovLponoiqorl orop[ou 6ev efvoL duvorov v0 entTeuX0ei orqv nepinroro4 nou eivot onotppoyp6vor roL ot duo tloytr.ryoi, otpou to oneppoto(oopto 6ev elvot duvorov vo ro rp8ooouv. Mfu ono uq xupLeq, o,:l.eg oretpotnroq otlg yu-

vokeg, e[vat r7 anorppa{q ruv uayuytitv, A6yu Aoitta€ng. H aneLxdvLorl rrlq pororqroq rou ooyttyoti entruyXdvetot Ue eyxuoq oxtoortxo0 utrtrou oq pfrpo. H oxrLvotroytrtl outr; U6Bo6oq ovopo(erot uorepoootrntyYoYpotpio (ELx. 3-

peyotrurepo ono 90% 0t XstpoupYtK€q

e(re oe tronopoorontxrl onotr[vtrlol rotv trloytr.tydrv (Hannah, 19Bg). H xortrroxli onotrfvt'roq

rov

tooytoytov y[verot ptlotrl

Urxpnq roUlq novo ono rrlv qptt<t1 ouUtpuon (Ftr. ELx. 214f). H lonopoorontx{ onotrfvttoq rtov ttoytoytitv y[verot pr6oo rou tronopooxon[ou. Auro poto(et Ue gtrpo rr1treor6nro, rp6per rptllreLvtl nrlyq rot e tooyerot U6oto Utrpnq roU[q, ouvr'1Ourq xovro orov oprpotro. Hptrtl roptl pnope( eniorlg vo

y(ver. Iuvq0orq ro oldpto yovtponote(roL orq tr1xuOo rou o-

Ie nooooro

enepBooetq yro orerponoinol otpopouv elre oe rottrtorq,

lro neprooorepeg ntrlpotpopieq nepi rtov reXvtrdrv

our6v, ptr. Hannah (1989). EneLdfl

yevvqrLrrq odoq

ogeorl enrroLvolv(o

pre qv

rnq yuvo(roq ppforerot oe

nepLrovoix4 roilotrlro peool rou

roilrorof oropiou rorv rooyuytilv (Etr. 3-46), oL lotptiletq rou xotrnou, rnq Ulrpoq Kot TIJV ooytoytilv e(vot duvorov vo rorotrrl(ouv oe neprrovfrr6o. Me ovotroyo rpono, 1 trotptr.t(r1 rov uloytoydtu (ooAnryyftrdo) pnopefvo e[vot onor6],e-

opo troLprir(eov rrlq reprTovoirnq xodornroq. Ie optolttiveg neptnrtloelg eivor Ouvotov vo noporqprl0ei outrtroyr1 nuou oroug ooyroyo0g (nuooaAnLyya) pe onorStreopo pepLxrl onotppolrl Touq, troytr-r ouprpuoeov.

Irtg

nepLnrtloetg

our6q o (uVdrnq nrOovov vo pr1 pnope( vo npoXtrlptloeL

Erxrivo 3-46. Arlvoyporp(o pr1rp0q K0r rooyrrrytirv (uorepoootrnryyoypoQro) Uero ono TIlv syXUoKTrvooKrtpou utrtrou oTrl Url-

ol LJs€ SUS

rpo Usottt rou oroplou

rlq

Ur]-

Lpoq. To oneLxovrortrd utrtxo ne-

pooe ond rrlv rpryovrrrl roLtrdqro

rlq

urlTp0q (0r T0uq (l)0Y(0Y0uq (reqotreg Betrtirv) r<ot X001re orrlv

nepuovolrq xoildqro (en( ro er<rr1q rorv xeqotrdlv rov Betrtrlv). To K ovrrorotXe[ orov roOerrlpo nou eXer erooX0e[ orov rpoXltro qg JnTpoq H o,<lvoypotp[o ourrl oreLrovr(eL rrlv opsol1 tnLK0tvoJvt0

qg Us

yuvorre(oq yevvrlrLrlg odou

rlv

noprr0v0ir<1 r<oAorrlro, ye-

yovog nou unoolpo[vet nt0ovo x[vduvo droonopoq oqv nepuoronoLoq holpto-

voir<r1 r<orLorqro

€lq rou roLnou.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

337

I k"h

AELrOo6€voC

".iF'.:i*tri\ :--!i-."! ]+ i Jlr:a'\.' l :|" 1i'-#"-i'i

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