Pyelos Perineo 2 by Stavros Papadakos

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

338

(Ulrproio) orpo

Tetreuro(o dexoerio e[ourog rnq ou€nonq rtov oelouotrtrd peroOrdopdvcov trotgdrletrlv. Etpooov dev

po (2 dorg 3 epDopodeg Uerd rn oulln$n) n e[otpnrpto ue enorotrou0n oruoppoy(o orrlv roilto xot rrlv nuetro, roro dLopreLo rotv 8 nptirov eBdopodov rqg xuqorlq (Moore,

voirrl nopolrovq rou elvor ppoXetog dtopretoq, ro0tlg noytdeuerot ono roug xpoooo0g rou rdlbtrlvo rou otoytrlyou Kot UsroqtpeTot 0Trl trr1ru0o (Ett<. 3-44). H entrpoveto rqg oo0rlrqq rotv veoptitv yuvotr6v roL[nreror ono ruBrro enr0r1trro, ro onolo ouveXerol pe ro n],0r6-

enordtrou0rl oqpovrLrrl

orpoppoy[o 06touv oe x[v6uvo rn @n 6youv oav anoftAeopa rc 1ovoro rou epBp1ou. Ie geprr6q neptnrtloetg, ro geooool,n(yyto peto[0

r4g pr1repag xaL

deq Ueoo0rltrro rou nepuovo[ou nou oXqptor((et ro geotrloOtlrLo. Apr4pfeq rorv roo0qxtitv (Etr. 3-24t xot 3-26 eoq 3-28). 0t a-

rou ooyoyori Kot rrlq olo0tlxqq neptrtre[eL epBpuiro unotreipporo. To enuo14xLo Kot To nopouoOfrto onoretrouv unol,etpplolrd ototXe[o rou rpovtoxou rol oupolou Utoove-

o11rcrcEg oprqpieq npo6pXovrot ono

tpprxou n6pou rou epppuiro0 veqpou, Dqtr. tou peo6veqpou

o0ro r<ortrroro ro[1opo.

(Moore, 19BB). Mnope( en(oqg vo noporrlpl0e[ rot nopog

etu

vTor

oneppottrog nopoq. Mio xuorxq on6rpuory onowotot oe peprx6g neprnrdoetg npoorotrtrnUSvrl orov r66ov0 Tou 0Joyolyorl. lloptoto unotrelppoto tou xpovtorou orpou rou peooveqpxori nopou, o onolog oq 06011 ourtl orov ovdpo, trerppolxriq dop6g 6Xouv evbLorp6pov p6vo oe oX6oq pe rrlv epppuotroyio Kor rrlv ovorop[0, peptxtlg t]op6q ntrlpouvrot ond uypri xor perorp6novrot oe ruoretg, ouXvd eupey60etg. o-

roreg yuvokeg or ooOtlreg efvot duo odSveg otoeLde[9, oX1poroq opuydotrou XptirUoroq treuropddtvou, ptlroug 3 er., ntroroug 1,5 er. ror noXoug 1er. llprv rrlv etplpeio 1 enrqoveto roug e(vot optoIr1. Ano rrlv eqlpero ror prero y(veroL otro rot nto ovtitl-totrr1, pe outr69 nou oqeltrovror olg enovotroppovopeveq oloppl€ieq, pe e[ot-

peon rrg rrlo0flreq yuvorrtilv nou noipvouv ovuouAA1mrco n ono(o ovooreLtrouv qv ooppq[io. 0t too0lreq pp[oxovrot, pto oe roOe ntreupo, oro ntroyro rorXtirporo

el,oooovog nu6trou, oe e-

Bo1poq.0 Bo0poq ouroq oqop[(eror epnpog ono ro geoo ogrpotroruorlro ouvdeogo rot n(oor ono rov ouprlr1po ror rqv eoo troyovro oprrlpio. To npooOto XeLtrog qg ooXrl nou ovopo(eror uo11xLxog

oo0rlrqg npooqueror oqv on(oOro enlqovero rou nloreoq ouv6e opou Ue pio nruXl rou neprrovolou nou ovopo(e:rcl peouo9qxto. H trr1ru0og rou ooytoyou oXlporr(er ro{o novur ono ro npoo0to 6[trt drpo rqq ooOqrqg ror o rtidovog

0ro urlloq rou 02 onovd0trou rot ror6pXovrot novtrt oro on(-

Iro

ovtr.t

orogto

nu6],ou yta(ovrat pe ro

rooyoyo. Avooroptlverot Us Tn UnTpto(o oprrlpio. Otreprxrj nopolireuo4 rov oo0qxov (Etr. 3-25 roL 3-28). 0t

oxnUor((er rcv n6po rng enLdLdultidoq. Av xot our6g ot uno-

oo0rixeg (Etr.3-25,3-26,3-34A,3-40 rot3-44). Irtg

rrlv rottrtorq ooprq, erquo-

Aoy1vto oyyeio xor bteroduouv oTouq KpeUoortlpeq ouvdeolroug. Iro 0Qoq qq oto0t.1rqg, 1 too0lxLr1 opqpio 6(vet rtrodoug peoo rou peooo0rlr(ou oqv ooOflrq xot ouveX[(et r4v nopelo rrlg lpoq r0 Soor p6oo orov nLoru ouvdeopto yto vo rpoqoborrloet rov

rou entoo0lrlou, o ono[og onore],e[ undtreLppo Tou Ueooverpprrori ndpou, ono rov ono(o oXrlpori(etot orov ovdpo o

rng uo1nxng dev

xaAlmeru an6 nepLr1vato xot 6rot xoro qv otoppq[io ro oopto errrvoooeror pdoo oqv neptrovoirq roddqro. '0Uoq n evdoneplro-

olo0qrlq pe rrlv ntroyto ytov[o rrlg glrpoq. 0

egBpuLrou opXeoq (Moore, 19BB). H eruupaven

ootrnryytxrl xrjrlon, unopxet r(vduvog pnqlq rnq ootrnLyy0g

19BB). H pnqn Tou trroytoyou xot

ouvdeogog ourog onoretre( unotretppo rou ooXeirou ouvdeogou rou

dtoyvtlorei 6yrot-

tiore vo noyrde0er ro trropro, nou onopotrtrovror xoro rnv oopptllto. To ovrrr (ootrnryyrro) orpo qq oo0lrlq ouvonterot ge ro ntroyro nuetrrro ro(Xtrrlro Ue Tov Kpsloor1pa oAvdeopo rqq uo04x4q (ELr. 3-27 roL 3-44). 0 o0vdeopog ourog noptoro nruXrl rou on[o0rou neroLou rou nl,or6og ouvdtlopou. 0 xpegoorlpog ouvbeopoq nope0eror po(i pe n uo11xLxo oyyefu xu veupo, ro onolo tpdpovror roronrv oro peotoo0rlrro Kor oTtq nA.eqtqg ao04x4g (Etr. 3-28 ror 3-44). Ko0e uro0lrq ouvdnrerot pe qv plrpo pte plo rotv(o ouv-

uo1rlxweq rpAeBeq el6pXovrot ono rtg nutreg rqq trloOrlxlg rot oxlUori(ouv 6vo qtreBrro d[xruo nou ovopo(erot etrtxoeLd6g dixruo, troyrr.r rou oXrlporog rou, peoo orov ntroru ofvbeopo rovro oqv oro0r1rr1 Kor rov ooy[Dyo. Auro ro qtreptxo dlrruo entxotvove( pe ro pqrprolo qtrepLro ntrdyUo. KoOe oto0rlrLxl qleB0 npo6pXerot ono ro etrrxoerd6q dixruo ror e[6pXetot qq etroooovog nu6trou, po(r pe qv oo01rrrrl opqp(0. H belto oo0qxtrrl tptr5po erpotrtreL orrlv xoro roitrq rptrepo, evtir

oprorepn rorotrnyer

oqv

optorepq

qg oorpuirrlq poipoq. NeUpooq rov oo0qxtirv (Err. 3-47). To veupo rov

treUqod6veq

oro0rlxtitv

rorepXovrot po(i pe ro o.ro0rlrrro oyyelo nou npoepXovror ono ro

rrro0lrrro ntr6ypo. Auro oXrlgori(eror ono ro ooprrro, veqptro ror ovto ror rorto unoyoorpro ntreypo. Neupo ono ro oloOqrtro

ntr6y;ro rorovepovror orLg oroOflreg, rov ntroru o0v6eopo Kot r0uq ooyrrryoug. 0r nopoouprnoolrrrSq fveg rou oro0rlrtrou ntr6Yuoroq npo6pXovror ono ro nveupovoyoorprro veupo. Koro rrlv ooppn{io, opLop6veq yuvo(xeg noponovou-

neprpotrtret 6rot

6erLro0 roro0, rov 6Lo ojvdeouo rnq uo1ixnq, o onolog nope0erot ueoo oro ueotrroonrLo rou ntroreog ouvd6opou. Iuvd6et ro rorot

veqprrl qtr6po. Aepqlxti nopo;1ereuo4 rov oo0qxtirv (Err. 3-42). To trepqoyyeio orotrouOouv ro aloOqr<rr<o orlrorpdpo oyyefo roL go(i pe ro trepQoyyeio rou nuOgevo r1g prlrpog rorotrqyouv oroug ooprtroug

vror yro novo or4v optpotrLrrl Xdrpo. Ko0tirg revrpop6tro epe0(oporo ono rqv olo0qxrl tpOovouv oro revrprrd veuptro ouorrlgo pe qv onioOro p((o rou 010 ve0pou, o n6vog ovrovortrd oro Deppordpro ourod rou vefpou orqv optpotrtrr1 Xtirpo

riier

(pI. Erx. 1-24 xu 2-13) . H 06on ruv uo9r1xdv nor

eup6trrg

olg

notr0roreg yuvo(xeg. Koro rq dtdpxeLo

rrlg x6r;oqg, ot ntroreig ouv0eopot xot ot tooOrlreq UeroToni(ovroL npoq T0 ndvo on6 rr1 ou{ovdpevq oe Udye0oq Unrpo. Mero rov roxerd, or oo0qreg xotdpXovroL ro0olg 11

unrpo oupprxvrilveror, otrtro Unopei vo 94 entotpe(;ouv

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

orr1v opxrKn r0uq e{i01.

Itq

de{ro ntreupo,

unoorrlpi(ouv r4 A4xu0o rou op1oA orrlv ono(o o0por(ovror ro ronpovo. 0r duo ouroI orlpovrrroI pue g rou nue],rr<ou edorpoug ouveXovror npoq ro nioo, oXqpori(ovrog Tov npoKToKorruyrro ouvde-

oxtrrtrrlxoerdrlg

ondquoq ouXvo ppLoxeror notrrj rowo orqv oo0rlrn K0r Tov rrloyroyo (Err. 3-25). Auro e[qyeiyror(l pri{4 e{oprirprog ootrnryyrx{q xtiqo4q pnope( trov0oogevo vo dLoyvolo0ei og o{efu oxuAqxoedftLda. Merd rrlv epprlvonouoq 0 oxnuoTt-

o1ro, rvopurirdl Dop[

3-14 3-33, 3-34, 347,3-48 ror 3-50) ilpog ro nloot ro oneu0uopevo oroupno novo.r 0r0uq rprrq retreuroloug repoug onovdu),oug, rov rorruyo, rov

l-evrxri neprypogri (Err. 3-21. 3-33

etoq 3-35, 3-45 roL 348). To oneu0uoprlvo, eu00 11 op0o ovTrpo. onoretreI ro ro0r1trotpevo rpqpo rou noXdog evrepou. IuveXopevo ttpog T0 r0v0] Ue T0

ro aneu1uolLEvo opyi(eL ono r0 Atloq rou 3ou

onovdAAou.Io op0o (pqrouq 12-15 ex.) oro),ou0er Trlv K0gnutr4 rou Lepof oorou Kor TOU roxruyo ror xorotrlyer 3 pe 4 er.

LepoA

roror ror epnpog ono qv ropuql rou rorxuyo. Iro oqpeio ouro ropnteror npoq T0 nioto ror rorot ror peron[nrer orov npotxrrro

oolrlvo. 0 rlBoeu?uixdq luq oxnUoTr(er pro Oqtrro yupo ono rr1 ougpotrq oneu0uoprlvou ror npotxrrro0 ootrflvo. 6lproupytirvrog 6yav[o. H

1Boeu1ulxo1 pudg dLoqpe L ourlv

ayr<AA4

eno1evuq Tlu

qv yovro H retrLr1

porpo rou

ro epnpog oveupuopo, rilv xonpo6rilo trrjono[o eXer geyotro nepr0tirpro droroorlq, Irqv ronpodoXo trqruOo o0po((ovroL ro xonpovo nprv ono :r1v ogodeuoq. llpog ro roro.l ro op06 ppioreror orprpotq niou ano rov npoorarrl orcuc, ovdpeg (Err. 3-334) ror ono rov x6Ano orLg yuvolreg (Err. 3-34 opOou epqovi(er npoq

xu0o,

rot 3-45). To roro opro rou oneu0uopevou pp(oreroL nloot ono ro xevtpo rou nepueou Kor oT0 duo rputro, ev6 oroug ovdpeq ppioreror ror n(oo.l ono tqv ropurprl rou npooroq.

Il6oerg neprrovoiou-oneuOuopSvou

(ELr.

3-14

28, 3-33A 3-344, 3-45 ror 3-48). To nepuovoro rolunrer rrlv

lg ntroyreg enrrpovere g rou ovro rpurlpopiou T0u op0ou. To geoo rprrrlpopro rotrunreror ono neprrovoro govo ovr[orornpoo0ro ror

rrlv npoo0ro enupovero rou, evor ro roro rpLqpopto dev ro),0nreror ono nepuovolo.lroug ovdpeq, ro nepuovoro ovoropnrer ono rrlv npoo0ro enrqovelo rou op0ou npoq rlv on(o0ro enrqovero rqg oupodoXou r0oqg, oXlporL(ovroq ro ddorpog Tou ru0uxuorrxori xotrnopurog. Iro pLrpo oyopro, orrl droprero nou X0 npoq

xuorq ppfoxeror peoo

oqv roLtr[0, ro nepuovoro errefveror npog pooq rou npoororq. Ko0drg 1 oupoboXog ruorrl perorrve[ror npoq Trlv n0etro, roro rqv etprlpero, dropoprprirvovror

ro roro

peXpr

Kot 0r oproTrKeq Oeoerq ror oXeoerg rou nepuovolou oro orlpe(o ouro. Ing yuvo[xeq, ro neprrovoro ovoropnrer ono ro op0o orov on[oOro 0olo rou rotreou, onou oXqpol(er ro edoqog rou euOup4rprxorl xotrntiporog (rou Douglas) (onLo0roq Xtrrpog rou Douglas, Aouytrooroq X6poq). Kot oro dAo rplAo, ro nepuovoro ovoropnrer ono rrg ntroyreg enrqovereg rou oneu0uog6vou oX4porr(ovToq eror6po0ev rou ovrrr rpLqpop[ou T0u, T0uq nopoop1txoiq polpouq

3-48). 0r Xtirpor ouroI enupenouv q drorool rou op0ou roro ntr1poor1 rou pe ronpovo. 0t oveAxrr1peq pleq rcu npuxroA

(Ett<.

r;v

(ELr.

ro peoo repo oyys(0, roug rtrodoug rrlg ovo orlroppoidrrqg oprrlproq ror rrlv re),ix1 po[po rou ouUnoOqrLrou oretreXoug r<or rou repou ntreyporog. To oneuOuopevo nepLpotrtrerot ono rvrrtdl roQo ror ouvdeerol Xotropo pe rrlv npoo0Lo enrqovero rou repou oorou. npoKToK0KKUyLro ouvdeopo,

To sneu1uolrivo (op06)

Tot Trlv 90 poLptirv op1onpurtLx7

q peorl ypoUpn 4 ono[o exrelveror oro

Onio0reg ol6oerg rou opgori

npoodeulxo orpoqofv. ltvovror gLrp6q ror

(opopdveq, dno:g orptpdrq eprpovr(ovror or ntogolriig.

otypoeLdeg rotrov,

roro

ro[tr0 rqg op0onpotxlx1q rognrlg (ELr. 3-34A).

opdq oo0utror<it.lv, oXpdrv roL Leuxdrv otrlpor(ov oroporo xor or rrlo0rlreg

339

IIp6o0reg ol6oerg rou op0orl (Err. 3-12 3-334 3-34A, 3-39,3-40 ror 3-48). Zrov avdpo, ro opOo 6pXeror oe 0xe0l Us rov nuOprlvo qg oupodoXou ruoqg, rrlv retrrrrl polpo rotv oupqrrlpov K0r rov onepUoTrKtiv nopotv, rrg onepporodoXouq xuorerq ror rov npooroq. To duo n6rotro tqc, eu1unpoororKnq neptov[ag ronoOetouvror oto prloo enfnebo, pero[u oupodoXou ruoqg ror op0ou ror epXovror oe orevrl oX6o4 ;re rrg oneppotodoXoug r<0orerq Kor rov npoororl. H euOunpoorolrrl neprrovfo ovlrrpoooneuer evo buvqrrro en(nedo droXtrlpLopou perolu rou op0ou ror rou npooror4. 2r4 yuvako, ro opOo 6pXeroL oe oX6or1 npoq T0 spnpoq pe rov xotreo ror Xrop[(eror ono rov on[o0ro 0otro rou rotreo0 ror rov rpoXltro perc eu7uprppLxo x6Anupa. Koror ono ro rotr-

nopo ouro, q ooOevqg eu1up4rptrr1 nru14 nopepBotrtreror perolu xotreou ror oneu0uopevou.

IXitro xor

xoprn6q rou op0o0 (Err. 3-20, 3-33, 3-34 ror 3-48 eoq 3-50). To oneuOuopevo, opOo 11 eu0u evrepo, nopo ro ovopo rou bev efvol e u0u4 Iuvrl0rrrq eptpovi(er rpeLq xapneq, xo069 orotrou0e( qv rognutrq rou repo0 oorou rot rou xorruyo. H retrrrrl rou poipo ropnrerol onoropo npoq T0 nloo.r r<or geronlnrer orov npotrrrro ootr1vo. H KoUqrn ourq ovopo(erot oplonpurix4 xopntl . Au

r<or

1 droperpog rou e[voL opXtro pLrporeprl ereivrlg rou

oLypoerdoug, ou(over npoodeurrro. H retrrrq

6oXoq trqruOoq, ornv onoio o0por(ovroL

rou porpo, rl Konp0-

ro ronpovo,

eXer Ueyotrrt

rrovorqro dtorooqg. To op1o tprpovi(eL ro oyrlpo rou reAuo1 ypoltparoq oiylto (q) orc peruruo[o m[ne6o.Ilg rperg our6g rognutreg rou opOou oXq;rorL(ovror, orrlv

eoorsprrrl enupovero rou e-

vrepou, nruXdg rou plevvoyovou, r0u unoptrevvoyovrou Xrrdrvo ror U6pouq qg xur),orepouq puirrlg ororpodoq, nou ovopo(ovror eyxoporeg nruleg rou op0orj. 0L nruXeg our6g onoqpoooouv Uepr-

rog rov outro rou oneu0uopevou. H peyotrrjreprl ono rrg Tperq 0ur6q nru16g oneXer nep[nou B er. ono rov nptorro (Err. 3-4gA). To oXrlpo roug droqpe(ror pe rrlv unoorqpr[r1 rotv xoAtxtiv rouLtbv (enrgrlrerg puireg roLvfe g) oro npoo0ro r<or onfoOro rorXtrtlLo rou op0ou.

aneulultEvo, ovolLooqre iroL apyLro orouq nL)4xouq r-(ouq oftoL

oug e[vaL npayparuo eu1A (McMinn, 1990)

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

340

KOLI

^otdn

Qrl€60

,tVLto€6€C

Konov

Avo unovoaroto nn€vLto

Eao novovto opulpio OupnrhpoC

At6otolilltJtKo v€0po MEooKono

lT€pttovio tou 4Jotut l-tuaC no pon

€u

po0pac 0pxtKo oVV€to Lt€ n€pi1nnLto I

€

oLt

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lJov€vvtit Kh ntu xti t

te 6ae€t nEptonbLt€vtl

novovto oprnpio Kot OnE 6o

EueuKUottKo KannoLto

En€pLtouKaC nopoC KOI OpUlpto nopoKUortKoC Bo0poc E

€ Dt

tctf Kn n € Dtf avrcl t

nnoVt oC ou Qo n oKU ort K0C au v6t apoC (o n oAoo x0€ ioo ouOo n K opt n Dta ) r

0upo6oxoc KUaul

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Aa,uiKo onnoxvtKo vs0po @otot ovooTopauKot

Kno6ot

Av(D

unovoorpn nntvLto

Ynovootpro v€upo l€po onnoxvtKo v€0po

Erxtivo 3-48. A.

flpoo0ro -

0v0J

,r"r"l,

oqrq ovoropqg

o Oeltog

n o

xvrKo

nerve

ouplrlpog npooro),troror

oro nepuovoro, Xro(eror pe ro 6lo troyovLo oyyelo ror rorepXeror epnpog ono

opqpro. B. IXlportrl ropooTool rou oneu0uop6vou,

Ko on

A6otiKo v€upo

orpro n),eypo oro 6rXoopo rqg rofiLorqg ooprlq.

Iqpeuirore

Koto unovoatpto n u € nt

ro ovo unoyo-

ovdpLrrlg nuetrou. [loporrlpelore

' '-

AYTANOMH

6orrl ].nyovLo

veupooqc

Koun

o tu

ooooi'tKo

v€ i

,OMATIKH NEYPO'H

iir(

NEYPO'H fupnoAnrrKu nopoou lno0nrrKti

nnEVLto v€ i

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Apr4pieg rou qneu0uop6vou

(Err. 3-24 ror 3-50). 0r oprr;preg rou opOou Xoporqpi(ovror ono e rrcropeveg ovooroputoeLq. H xoru peoevrepn apr4pfu ouveX((eror og rivo otltoppoi6t-

341

Xro(ovror Ue r0 oproTspo rorvo troyovro oyyero ror rorepXovror oqv e),oooovo nue),0 peoo oro orypoedeg peooxoAo (Err. 3-48, ptr. enroqg

2-81). 0r 600 pdoeq orpoppoi6rxeq oprrlpfeg, rtro6or rorv eoa Aay1vtuv oprr1puitv, rpoqodorouv ro prloo Kor K0ELr<.

x4 apr4pio, q ono(o xorovd;leror orrlv retrLrq po(po rou oryUoerboug roL rrlv ovdrreprl go(po rou op0ou. lliotrt ono ro ovrrt orpo rou opoou, oro uqroq Tou l3 onovdutrou, q ovo orlLopporbrrrl oprrlp(o

r6repo rprlpo rou opOou. 0r Ouo xoro orpoppoidrxeg oprqpieg, eivor rl,odor Tov ro&i adoLixtiv oprqpttiv xor opX((ouv ono roug eu-

dlorpe[ror oe duo rtrodoug, or ono[or rorepXovrol xoio gqrog rtrrv ntroyurlv enupoveuirv rou opOou. 0 de[roq xor o oprorepdg rtrodog

0uioXroroug Bo0pouq. Arpordrvouv ro rortilrepo rprlpo rou op0o0. To opOo deXeror ouvrl0olq orqv on(o0ro porpo rou ror prrpouq rtroLeprT opr4p[o (pI. Err. 2-95). 0leprxrj nopolereuo4 rou oneu0uopevou (Err. 3-24, 3-28, 3-29 ror 3-51). To ofgo ono ro opOo nopoXereueror dro rov ovtrr, peoov rot roro orgoppoidrrdrv qtreptirv. llopor4pouvror notr-

doug ono lr11tEor1

,tVt-to€t6€C Korlov

tr69 ovooroptrtoerg pero[u rolv oyye[ov ourdrv. To orpoppo16rxri

qtreprxri 6ixruo ppioxeror orov unoptrevvoyovro Xu6vo TOU rvTrpLrou roLXrirporog, neprBotrler ro op0d Kor rrrrKorvovei pe ro ruouxo gAeBmo nleypa orov ovdpo Kor U€ T0 lt4tpoxoAeiro gAeBxo nAEylto orlv yuvoiro. To oLlroppoidrro qtreprro ntr6ypo onoretre(ror ono duo pepl: (1) ro Eou atpoppol'dLr<o rpAepLxo nAty90, n0u ppioreror po0ro roro ono ro enrOr1trto rou op0ou xor (2)

ro e{al otltoppoidtxl EAeBrco nAeypa, ro ono[o evron[(erol orrl puirrl ororBodo rou rvToprKou rorXtirporog. To eoo orgoppoi6rro

,/ t,

/r,

Op0onp0KLrKti out r6onh

Kora Ltoipo

ntr6ypo erpotrtrer orrlv ovro orpoppoidtrrl qtrepo, otrtro errrKorvoJve[ eup6rog Kor Ue TO roro orlroppoiDrr<o rptreprro ntr6ypo. To

ovtirepo rgrlpo rou rl{ot orpoppoidLrou ntrdygorog erpotrtrer eniorlq oTnv ovrrr orlioppolbrrl qtrepo, 0pxl Tlq roro peoevrep[ou qlepog. To ror6repo rp1po rou 6ltrl orpoppoidrxori ntreyporog erBotrtrer orrlv 6orr.r ordorirrl qtrripo, evdr ro;leoo rprlpo rou rllo 0rlroppoidrxou ntrdyporog erpotrtrer orrl p6or1 orpoppoidLrrl tptrdpo Kor 0Trl ouvdXero orrlv dorr-r troyovro rptrepo. 0r ovo otgoppoidrrdg

np0KuKo0

oonnvo, npaKtAc

qtr6peq erBotrtrouv oro nutrofo qtrepmo orjoqgo (pL Em. 2-40),

L-J nnoVtot ooprtKoi

ffi

Kotto l.tsosvtsptot Kotvor noVovtot

ffi

Eau nayovtor

'E€o

noVovtot

EntnorluC BouBovrKot

$ ru.,,

ffi &

Boett poupevrKoi

rspor

nopooporxoi

Erxrivo 3-49. A. Meronrolo droropq rou oneu0uop6vou Kor Tou npotKTr, r<00 ootrrqvo. lloporqpelore rqv onoropq ropQl rou evrdpou rord rrlv opOoolygoerdtrrl ou;.rBotrq. 0 orlroppoidrrog dorrutrLog onors),el rLrvu<o oqpovrrro opto ono rqv oroqUrl orportrloqq,

treprprxlg no-

poldreuoqg ror qg veupotoqq B. Aepcprrq nopoXereuol op0ou ror nporrrrou otrltrrlvo.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

342

evd or KoTo 0tUOppoidtKdq AIeBsq orrlv ou0Trlu0rtKl QtrePtKl

KU-

K\oQOpto,

Aepqrxri nupoyereuoq rou oneu0uopevou (Err' 3-498) To treprpoyyeLo on6 ro avu n11.toprc rou op0ou nope0ovrot npoq r0 novo po(i pte ro ovtrt otltoppotdtro oyyeto oroug napaop1Lxo}q AettqadEveg, nepvotjv xorontv orouq treprpobeveg rou rortlr6pou rprlporoq

TOU UeoootYpoetdoug

rot ono ere( oroug roro peoevt6'-

ptouq MltEadsvsq Kot oTOUq 00pTlKorjg treprpobeveg' To treppoyyero ono ro roro lptpopto rou op0ou tp6povrot npog ro novtrt erpotrtrouv oroug eUo(i Ue rLg p6oeq otgoppoiOtr6g oprnpieq xot oo troyovtouq treUQo66veq. Nerjpoorl rou oneu0uopevou (Etr. 3-16, 3-24A, 3-35, 3-47 rot

3-48). To ve0po yto ro op0o npoepXovrot ono ro oupno0rlrLxo rot

nopoouptno0lrtro ouoqgo. Io peoo aLpoppoidtxo nieypo eivot noportrobr rou xorto unoyuorpiou ntreyporog. Tdooepo Stog orrdt ve0po nepvo0v oneuOeioq ono ro ntr6ypo ouro oro op1o To napatpeoupna}4rLxa vedpo npo6pXovrot ono ro 11, l3 roL 14 ve0po roL pe rortl ro povTot Ue ra nue),Lxa onLoyvtxo velpo yto vo evo-t0otjv

unoyoorpto ntreypo. 0t otoOrlttreg veuptx6q [veq orotrou0o[v ro nopooupno0rlrtro ver-rpo roL 6teyelpovrot Ue Trl dtoroorl rou opOo0'

eu\unpoorotLxrT neprcovfu (neptrovio T0u Denonvilliers) s(vot notru orlpovlrrl oTq XetpoupYtrq (Etr' 3-19, 3-30 r<or 3-33). Kord rr1 XeLpoupYtrn oqoipeorl rou opOot1 (oe xoron0l veontrooio) evronl(erot ro enlnebo ouTnq Tnq neptrov(og, nporetp6vou o npoordrrlg Kot rl ouprl-

Opo vo dtoltrtptorouv ono onotpeuyetot n rprirol rolv

ro op0o. Me rov tpono

opydvtr-tv ourtitv

ourd

roro rqv e rropq

rou opOou. 0t ovooropdtottq rov opqpLdrv rou rotXtrtporoq

rou op0o[ s(vot r0oo â&#x201A;ŹKTtToptveq, drore

p6oq rot

ro-

rtrl otltoppoLdtrrl opqpio pnopouv vo rporpodorrloouv otrdxtrr1po ro oneu0uoptevo, oe nepinrtooq onotrfvtloqg tr1q xoro geoevr6pLoq oprqpiog (rot ouventiq rot rqq ovtr.r otgoppoidrrrlg), n.X. roro rq btdpreto XetpoupYtrnq 0eponeurtrrlg eneppooeolg yto xopxivo rou nu;1eog evrdpou' Enetdrl q ovto oLpoppoibLrn qtr690 expotrtret orqv nuAa[a xuxAotpo-

pro

(pi

Etr. 2-83) ror 1 p6o1 xoL rortl otpoppoidtxrl qtr680

oTrl ou0TrlUuTtrrl ruxtrorpopio,

nepLoXn 6Xet peydtrq oqp0-

oio yLo rtq ovooroptiroetg pero(rj rrlq nutroioq rot rqq rorol r<oitrr1g rptrePoq (Keq. 2). Mero on6 xerpoupytrrl endpBoorl orrlv op0onptrixrtrtl qv[rovot neproxrl, ot ovdpeg e[voL nL0ovov vo roroorouv npoq eKonepporLorl, eov tpu1o1v ra nuefuxa onAayvmo

velpa (Ev.3-24A, 3-35, 3-36 xot 3-478) To veripo ouro Oivouv xtroDouq, or ono[ot nepvouv pnpoord on6 ro op0o yLo vo 6Love;rr10o0v oroug potrpooqpoyydrderq pueq (ELr' 3-

33A). H exoneppfrloq onotetreirot ono 6fo tpdoeLq: erpopdoo oqv our1 xot exoneppdrtoq. H erporl rou onepporoq rou neptorotrrtop6 prlOpo orotrou0e( rov ovrovoxtroortxd onepptortrof ndpou xot rov onepUorod6Xov trqxuOotv, r006q xor rq ofonooq rolv ],e(ov pludrv rou npooroq 0t 6tepYooieq ourdq Fpioxovrot rortr'l ono rov 6treYxo T0u 0u-

pno0rlrtxou. H exoneppottorl orotrou0e( rq 6L6yepoq rou nopooupno0rlrrxo0 rot ouvodeuerot ono rtrovtxrl ouonoorl rolv BotrBoorlPoYYodtitv Uutitv l'lotrtro ono ro ovoropLro poptpdrporo nou oXerl(ovrot qrntropre ro on[oOro ror roro rgflpo rou op0ou Unopo0v v0 qq0orlv g6otrl rotv totXtrll-lottlv rou (n.X o npoorotrlg roL ot onepporodoloL rrloretg otouq ovbpeg (Etr. 3-39) rot o rpdXltroq qg pflrpoq ortq yuvo(req (Etx. 3-45)' Kat ota

6Ao qiAo, q nuetrtxq entqoveto rou tepo0 0oT00 Kot {0u xdrxuyo eivoL rpr1troqqr6g. 0t toXLor6g orovOeg rot r0 toXroro ruprdptoro pnoporiv en[oqq vo r!1troqr10otjv (Etr' 3-1 rot 3-6). Eivor en[or1g Ouvorov vo Dtontotttl0otiv dtoyroprlvot 6oto troydvLoL treUqoddveq, noOotroyLrfl ndluvorl rtrlv oupqrrlpov, oi6luo rolv eu0uioxtordrv po0ptlv (n'1' eu0uioXtoxo onooqpo, ELr' 3-52) t<oL pr1 rpuoLotroytr6 nepreXdpevo

0T0uq ovbpeq rcu eu1u1nrpLxol xoAntitl-roroq orLq yuvo(-

rcu eu1uxuorrco1 xoAntiparoq

(Err. 3-33A)

req (Etx. 3-45). Me doxtutrtrtl e[6roon ono ro op0o

e(vot

or6gq duvorov vo onorotruq0e( q euotoOrlo(o qq oxoltrrlxoetdoug ondtpuonq nou tptreypo(vet, erp6oov rp6perot ptl00 or1v n0etro (8tr. Etr. 2-79). To op0o pnope( vo etreYx0ei Ue to ono[o e[vot duvordv vo trr1qOo[v rou. Kord rq d(o6o otypoet6ooroond otrtrottiroetq Pror|;ieq ro0dlg rot 11 ondtopq rou oneu0uoptdvou nlou, ot roprn6q pre

nporrooroilto,

yrrrvio rrlg op0ootypoetdtxrlq ouppolqq (Etx. 3-49A rot 350) nprinet vo troppovovroL undrln, etot tilore o eqer0(OUevog v0 Un rotrornope[tot Xtlpiq trdyo. 0 torpdq Bo np6net

yvtlpi(et ort ot eyropoteg nruX6g rou opOou e[vor duvorov vo nopepnod(oouv rpoooptvd rr1 6(o6o rov en(or1g vo

npoovoqep0dvrov evdoorontrdrv opydvov'

Aepgrxr1

fiopoxfreuon rq9 nuf\ou

H treUQtrll nopoXdreuorl

rrlg nu6trou 6Xet neptypotpe( oro ent-

prlpoug xeqotroto rcov opyovtov qq (Etr. 3-338, 3-348' 3-43B r0t 3-48B, BI eniolg Etr. 2-60 xor 2-92)'lze yev116g ypoUUeq, I treU0T0uq 6lal roL Qoq Tov nuetrtrdtv opyovtov nopolere0erot yovLoug treptpod6veq Kot 0TOUq repouq trepqobeveg. Erroq

ro0q, prrpoL treptpob6veq ppiorovroL

dotl troono ou-

perol0 rov nerotrov rou ntro-

16oq ouv66op0u oTtq yuvo[req ro0dlq xot ortq neptrov[eq Tlq 0upoboXou ruorlq xot rou op0oti Kot 010 6uo rputro. H trdpqoq ono otroug ouro0g roug trepqod6veq rorotrrlyet 0TOUq xolvotlg troyti-

vl0uq Kot oroug oorpuixorjg ooprrxorig trepqodeveq' 0t t(u AoyovLoL ).eprpadeveq (8 etlg 1 0 orov optOpo) nopeuoono ro

roro orpo, ro

6ltl

\oyovLo oyye(o rot 66Xovrot trepqo rotLLoro ro(Xtogo, rrlv oupoboXo r0orr1 xot

vror novio oro ovr[orotXo

rov npooroq (r1 rr1 prlrpo xot rov rotrno). 0t eou AaydvtoL AeltEodeveq neptpotrtrouv ro eool troyovto oyye[o rot rouq rtrobouq rouq. AeXovrot rrlv tr6ptpo ono otro T0 nuttrrro ontroXvo, Ttq ev To poOeL neptoX6g rou neptvtlou Kot Tlv neproxl Tov Ytrourolv Kot Tov Ulpov.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

343

A€€toC Kno60(

AptotEpoc xno6oC

M€on otLtoppoi6tKti

M€ot1

opTrltJto

'Eao

otPoPPoi6rKti

oputpio

o!6oriKti

Ea(')

optnpio

ctt6oriKti

Erxrivo 3-50. l'lpoo0Lo 0rlrl

optnpio

rrlrou ool,r1vo. Iro nopoore0oopo ouro unopXouv Drjo de€Leq

Av€nKrnpoC rou

rov opqpL6v rou op0ou

K0r T0u

rrpo-

I4peLtiore orL oL roro oLlroppoidrreg oprqpreg, rtrodot rorv eoot ordoltrulv opqprorv. rpogo0orouv ruprog rqv rortlreprl polpo rou nporrLxou oo.r],qvo. l-lopoqpetore orpoppordu<rlg oprrlpieg.

NDOKTOU

rrq rperq o[ereg ntroyreg ropn6g rou op0orl, oL onoreg nopoyouv rrg eyrdporeg nruXeg rou op0ou oqv toorsptKrl enrqoveLo rou,

Koto otLtoppoi6tKti

o pLtlpto

nou qolvovror oqv errovo 3-49. 0L r<opndg roL 0r rrTUXoq ouUBotrtrouv oqv ouyr<porqol rou Bopoug rtrlv ronpovrrtv,

E€o oftvKuiooc tou no(t)Ktoi

Eatu nov1wo 0n€po

An€uAuoLt€vo M €on o tLropp oi6

'EaT

tliopp ai6 Ko

tKi

On€

n n

evLto

Al.troxoc nonAn06oC

MtoxotoC nonAn060g. Eoo o60tiKn 0n€Bo 'Eoe)

otLtoppoi6tKo

Yns pt )oEr

nn€VLto

xti n pe Kt tK ti

On n

Eoot€prKti otpoppoi60

Koto otLtoppoi6tKti Qn€po

'E€a At

Ltoppol6r

aC 6oKt

€0

ot Ltoppoi 6t

aQrVKuipoC tou

npoKto0

Ko nn€VLt o

E€ot€pr Kti

Lropp oi6o

Etxtivo 3'51. Merolntoio dtoropq rou op0ou Kot r0u npulKru<ou oro),qvo, onou onetrovi(ovror rptreBrrrl nopoXereuorl rogurg roL norxrtro npoBtr11 U0r0 Tlq nepLo11g. 0t no)'unodeg elvot npopo],],ovreg xotrol0eLg oyt<ot nou eloppouv ond rov Btrevvoy6vo. 0r eoolreprreg orpoppoibeg rotrunrovrot ono Btrevvoyovo, ev6 ot e[olreptreg oL;roppoiDeg rotrunrovrot ond rpononorlgevo d6ppo rou nporrou (AvodlpooLeuerqr Ue qv o6ero rou Healey JE, Jr, Hodger J: A synopsis of clinicat Anatomy, ed 2. philadelphia BC Decker, 1990).

0 rcpoi Aeprpadeveg pp(oxovror xord prlrog rrlg 96o119 ror rov nloyuov reptirv opr4puirv. AeXovror trrigrpo ond ro on[o0ro nuelrro ro(Xro1ro, ro op0d, rov ouXrlvo rrlg oupoboXou xrjoqg Kor rov np0ordr4 (q rov rpoXqtro qq prlpog). Anoytrryo trepqoyyeio ono roug legrpodeveg ouroug rorotrrlyouv orrl pdol o;.rodo rtov rorvtirv troyovrtov trepqodevtrrv.

0t xowo[ Aay1vtoL Aeppodlveg 64luoupyo1v duo opodeq: (1) rqv nldyto ogodo roro prlrog rov rorvr0v ioyovrorv oyyeiov xor (2)

rrlv p6or1 opodo, 4 onolo evron[(eror 0Trl

ytr_rv[o

nou oX4gori(ouv

ro 0yye(o ouro (ELx. 3-42 ror 3-49). H nAayn opado ruv xotvtiv AaylvLuv AeppodEvuv deXeror trepqo ono ro roro orpo ror qv nuetro peotrl rov dlo roL eoor troyovrov trepqod6vov, evdr q peoq opoda ruv xowtlv AoyovLuv AeprpadEvuv d6Xeror tr6;rqo roreuOe(ov ono ro nue),rxo ontroXvo rot 6pgeoo ono roug 6oo troyovroug Kor T0uq Lepoug tregrpodrlveg. 0t oorpulxoi oopru<o( Aepgadeveg pptorovror roro prlroq rqg

roilrorrlg ooprrlg Kor Tnq rorol r<oitr1g qlepog roL DdXovroL tr6prpo ono roug rorvoug troyrlvtoug trepqodeveg. To onoytrtyo leUtpoyyeio

344

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

K1T(D

sVKopoto nLUXn

tou op0oi Av€nKruplc

UUC

tOU NPQKTOU

Ea0 eupo€t'tic ltuC npoKttKoc atunoc At6otiKoc oonhvoc

npoKttKn ennh npaKuKoc KonnoC

Anaofrlltct fou €u0uioxnKai Bo0pau

Povo5o tou npaKtoj Ev6ooQtVKrnptctKo

oupiyyto E€o oQtVKtnpoC tou tou npIKto.A

, uo,rr,

Etxtivo 3-52 MerornLo[o Droropq Tou 0p00u Kor T0u npoKTIKou

rofX7',1;'!!,'lou

Korlnou

0ollv0,

topt)ot

o tKoc

yn o6

5ctKtunrca

opn

ou uivv to

onou rpolveroL onoorrlpo oro Oe(ro eu0uioXror<d BoOpo (AvodqpoorrurT0r

pe rqv oOeto rou Healey JE, Jr, Hodger J:,4 Synopsis of Clinical Anatomy, ed 2. Philadelphia, BC Decker, 1990).

ond roug oorpuiro0g treprpod6veg oXlporl(ouv 6vo De{ro ror evo oprorepo oorpuiro trepprro or6treXoq, ro ono(o rorotrqyouv oTrl XUAorpopo de€o4evn (Bi. Err. 1-70) 6vov treptptro 0utroro, plroug neplnou 5 er. ror ntroroug 6 Xrtr., o ono[og evron((eror novo oroug duo nptiroug oorpuiroug onovbril,oug. Ano erei q trepqoq qSperor pe rov pe((ovo ?upoxtxo nopo lttoo oro 0trrporo ;.r6Xpr qv poo4 rou rpoXrltrou, dnou rorotrqyer oro qtreprro ouoqpo (pI. Err. 1 -39).

To unoy6orpn nAfypara

fvo

unoyoorpro ntrdypo rorepXeror p6oo orrlv nuelo rol Bploxeror orprp6q rdro ono ro drXoolro qg ooprrlg (Err. 3-36 roL 3-47). Io dvrrl unoyoorpro ntr6ypo onoretre( Tnv npoq ro xorrrt ouTo

veXero

rou dnpeoevreprcu nAtyparoq (pI. Erx. 2-64), ror ev6veonl,olvrro veupo. Ktrodor rou ovrrr unoyoorp[ou

T0r Us T0 03 roL 04

ntrdyporog ero6pXovror orrlv nuel,o xol xorepXovror pnpooro ono ro repo ooro, urg de[ro ror oprorepo unoyoorpLo vedpo. To verlpo

Ta ourdvopo vetpq rqg nuL\ou

ouro ror6pXovror roro prlxog rorv ntroyurrv rorXtogortov r4q nu6trou, onou ouvovrouv

H repl poipo rou oupnoOqlro0 oreieXoug e[vor ouv6Xero r4q

ooquir1g po(pog rou, n(oo ono ro rorvd troyovro oyyero (Ex. 3-16, Btr. enrolg Etx. 2-82 roL 2-99). H repq po(po rou oupno0qlro0 otetr6Xoug e(voL prrporeprl ond qv oorpuirl polpo ror onoprl(eroL

ono drntro olXo reoodptrlv yoyytr(ov. 0r drjo or(Xor yoyytriorv ror6pXovrot novo: oqv nuetrLxrl entqovero rou repou ooroU enl ro evrog rov reptiv rpqgorov xor retrrro ouyrL(vouv yLo vo oXrlpor[oouv T0 ;ttxpo ltov1peq yoyyLLo orov rdrruyo xoro rr1 p6oq ypopg4 (ELx. 2-99). To oupnoOllro ordtreXog tp6peroL onro0onepuovo-

iro, oqv

KA66or

npoie pr1 nepuov[o (Erx" 3-47 ror 3-48).

nueAma onAoyvLxo velpo yto v0 oxrlU0-

r[oouv po([ ro 6e[ro Kor r0 0pr0Trp6 xfro unoyforpro ntriypo (Err. 3-24A, 3-35 rot 3-47). Ta nueAx1 onAoywra ve1pa e(uot nopoougno0qnrd rol npo5pXovrot ono ro 12, l3 ror l4 veupo (Err. 3-24A, 3-36 ror 3-47) xor

erot ro xoro unoyoorpro ntreygoro nspLtroppovouv rooo oupno04trrdg ooo Kor n0p0ouUno0q';r,<eg iveg. Ko0e rorot unoyoorpro

qv ovr[ororXrl 6oro troyovro opqp(0. Iro ntrriy",\et ,re'.dvTor prrpo ydyytrro, ev6 xoOe ntr6ypo d6Xeror Ll [0T0 rtroiouq on6 ro ovrrt epo yayyAn rou ou;lno0rSrrou orelrLxpoug tr6Xouq. 0r ougno0llr6g ror nopooupnoOrlnxrlg iveg nou rpdpo-

ntrdypo neprpt 0u

',-

vror Ue roug rtrodoug ouroug rotv uttoyooTp(ov ntreyporov, K0T0vepovror oro nuetrrro ontroXvo go(i pe roug rtroDoug rrlg eoar ioy1vtog lprqpiog (Err. 3-24). To ontrolvrrd ntr6yporo onoretrouv

rou oupno|4nxoi ore[txoug

Ano ro oupno0lrrro or6treXoq [errvo0v rporo( ovooroporlroi t<tro6oL yLo otroug roug npoo0roug npore0ovreg rlddoug Tov rr-

npoerrooetg rorv roro unoyoorplrrrv ntreyporov oro ro[Xulpo rtov

ptirv r<or rorruyrrrov veuptrlv (Err.3-16,3-36 roL 3-47). Axopo, ro

To lteoo otyoppotdtxo nAeypa npodpXeroL on6 ro ovtirepo rprlpo rou rorto unoyoorp(ou ntr6ygorog xol errelveror rpoq T0 xoro pdXpL rov eoo orpLyrqpo rou nporxrou. Ktrodor rou prloou or-

oupno0rprro or6treXog d(veL prrpoug xtrodoug yro

qpio,

roOtirg Kor yro T0

rdro unoyoorpto

ntr6yporo.

96o11

repl op-

nuetrrrdlv ontroyvuiv.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Uoppor0rKou rtreyUoToq Qepovror oneuee(oq oT0 0pe0

vroL roro

nopeuo-

plroq rrlq p6oqq orpoppoiDrr4q oprqpiog. Ano ro

(dto

ntr6ypo npoepXovrot Kor ttopoouUtto0qlr6g lveg nou dLoveprovrot

oro orypoeLd6q

Kor oe

rp1poro rou xolovrog xotrou.

345

i,clver rov "Xrirpo perolu nptorro0 ror ooX6ou". To nep(veo elvor notru orllLovrrro yro opropdveg rorprxeg erdrrorrlreg: yro T0uq porcurrl-

peq

Kor

yuvauoAoyoug, or ono(or nopor<ol,ou0ouv

yuvo(reg roro

qq rfqoqg ror rotrouvror vo 0epone0oouv noOloerq yuvorrelog yevvrlrLxrlg odoti, yLo Touq yoorpsyrepoAoyouq, ot

rr1 Dropxero

ono ro npooOro rprlpo rou roro unoyoorp(ou ntr6yporoq xot rtrd6or rou rorovepovror oTIV 0upodoxo xuorrl po(( pe lg xuolr6g oprrlp(eg (Err. 3-24). Ktrodot To xuorLxo nAeypo npo6pXeror

rou rorovdpovror en(o1g o\\ oftepUoroddyouq i4rlOouq, rouq oneppaut<olq ftlpouq Kor r0v npoororq (Err. 3-36).

npoorarLxo nAeypo npo6pXeror ono ro rortirepo rprlpo rou unoyoorp[ou ntr6yporoq ror onoretreiror ond gdtrtrov peyotro ve6To

po, ro ono(o eLodrjouv orn Boon Kor oTrq ntrdyLeq enLqoveteg rou npoororrl. To veupo ouro drovrlprovror en(o1g orrg onepporodo-

oro(or ooXo),orlwoL pe rrlv op0onporrrrxrl neproXrl ror rrg noOloerg nou epqovr(ovroL o'ouq Kor yro Touq oupoAoyoug, or ono(ot ooXoLo0vrol pe noOrloerg T0u oupoyevvrprrou ouor1l.rorog.

Opto rou fieprvfou

Xoug ruorerg, T0uq sKonepUolorrroug nopouq, r4v ouptl0po, toug potrpouprlOpo(oug o66veg ror ro n6og (Err. 3-36). To veupo, ro ono[o rorov6p0vT0r 0T0 orlpoyyrird4 orir;loro rou n6oug, ovopo(o-

To opro rou neprveou. ro onolo onerrovi(ovror orrq erroveg 353 etog 3-55 efvot: (1) n n|Ktl ollttpuoq, (2) ot xoru 4Btxo(xLador, (3) ot tlXtoKO[ xAaloL. (4) ro rcytoro rupttipora, (5) ot pei(oveq rcKlitpol o0v6eopot roL (6) o x1xxuyog. l-ro nepLypoqrroIg

war o4payy(td4 velpa, npo6pXovror ond ro npoo0ro rprlpo rou npoorolro0 ntreyporog xor nepr6Xouv rtrodoug ono ro orDoLixd

trdyouq, ro ne pfve o 6rorpeiror oe 6uo ovrool-rey60n rp[yrovo, Ue Uio tpovroorLrrl eyroporo ypoUUn nou evdrver ro np6o0Lo drpo rorv

ve0po (Err. 3-36 ror 3-61 ). To veupo ouro nopeuovror rord Unroq qq upev66oug oup1Opoq npog ro neog.

ruproplorov rErr. 3-53 rot 3-54). To peoo rnq ypoUUlq ourrlg onoretreI xor ro rewprro oqpe [o rou neprvSou, to ono(o pp(oreror novor ono ro odlpo rou neprveou (revrprrog revowog rou neprv6ou). To npuxnxo rp[yuvo nou nepreXet rov nporro ppioreror n(oo ono ouqv rq yp0UUrl rvo r0 oupoyevvqtLxd rp[yuvo, nou nepLtrogpoveL q pL(o rou ooXeou ror rou n6ouq (1 ro elo yev-

p4rporoAeilxo nAeypo npo6pXeror ruploq ond ro rprlpo rou

xortrl unoyoorp(ou ntreyporog, ro ono[o pp(oreror oq pool rou ntror6og ouvdeopou (ELx. 3-47). Meprro veupo ono ro prlrporotreixo ntrdypo q6povror rpoq r0 roror orov rotreo rot tov rpoXqtro, po(( ge lg rotreixeg opqp(eq, otrtro veupo rpdpovror oneu0e[oq r1 nopeuovror rp0q r0 novor po(( Ue lq Unrproieq opvo roroveprlOouv oro otlgo rqq grlrpoq (Err. 3-241-). 0propevo on6 ro veupo ouro rorove;lovror enloqg orq p6oq poipo

orov rpoXrltro

qpreg

yLo

rorv trroytr.tytirv. To p4rpoxoAelt<o nAEypa e[vot ro ovaAoyo tou npootauxo1 nAeyparog. Kotreiro veupo on6 ro g1rpoxotreixd ntreypo xorov6povror enloqg oqv ouprtOpo, roug BotrBotlg rou npobdpou, roug pe((oveq od6veg rou npodd;rou Kor rrlv rtreLropido (Err. 3-40 roL 3-60).

roXLororv

vrllro

yuvoixoq). pproreror pnpooro ono ourrlv. To x6ro o-ttipto rrlg nuetrou 11 e[odoq qg nu6lou (Etr. 3-53 etrrg 3-56) e(vot r),etmo. Ue eâ&#x201A;Źorpeol ro orlpre[o onou ovoiyeL r; oupf10po xor o npolrrrrog otrrtrrlvoq, ev6 olg yuvo(reg e[6pXerot eopyovo

n[oqg ror o xotreoq. H npoo0ro polpo rou rdro oro;.r[ou rqq nu6trou onoqpoooeror ono rc ouplyevvnux6 \toppaypo (nou oXqgo-

rf(eror ond roug ovetrrqpeg pueq rou nptorroU Kor rouq KoKKUyrroUg pUeg [Err.3-14 eog 3-18]). 0r 6rio ouroI pueg oX4gori(ouv xot ro geyoi0repo U5poq rcu nuefuxo1 edagoug.

To nueArx6 6r6gpoytrd

To nepiveo

0r duo ovetrxqpeq Ufeq rou npotrrou roL or 6rjo rorruyxo( gueg, ro nuetrxo drdrppoylro (ELx. 3-58A), rtrelvouv ro

or onolor oXrlpor((ouv To neplveo e[voL 4 nepLoy4 rou xopltoi xoru an6 ro dLorppoypo r49 nueAou (Erx. 3-1 7, ptr. enronq ELr. 2-29), nou onl,drveror no-

vo on6 ro roro or6pto

e[odo r4q nu6trou (Erx. 3-53A). H on(oOro

po[po rou, nou ovopd(eror

npoxlxd rpiytovo

npotrlrq

roro orogro r1 e[o6o rrlg nu6trou

pe rov rp6no nou 0o

6rtrerve e-

vo peyotro Xtr:v(, eov e[Xe rono0erqOel orrlv nuetrrrrl rofioqro (Err. 37 ror 3-17). To nuetrrro drotppoy;to Xtopi(er qv nuetrrr4 roiloqro oe

neproXr;,

duo rprlporo: (1) 6vo ovtlrepo rprlpo nou neprfXer :u-nueMxo onAo-

nepiloppover rov nporrnro ootrrlvo xor erotepoOev ourou touq Duo eu0uioXroroug Bd0pouq. H npdoOro po[po rou, ro oupoyew4rrxd

Xvo Kor (2) 6vo xor6repo rprl;.r0, nou nepr6Xer xup(oq tr(nog ror ouv[-

rpiytovo

neproXrl, neprtroppover

ror ro retrrrd rprlporo

ro 6[o yevvrlnxo dpyovo ro06q

qq oupoyevvqlrrlg

odou (n.X. rqv ouprlOpo).

ororor ond roug euOuiblroxolq B60pouq. To nuetrtxo oXqpori(er ro 66otpog

drorppoy;ro

nuetrrrqg roLtrorqrog nou 6XeL oXrlgo V, ror

rq oX4porog A oporpfl rou roOe eu0uioXroxou Bo0pou

(ELr. 3-17). To

ovoropLrrt 060n, ro nep(veo elvor p[o orevrl neproXrl pero[f rotv gtlptirv, oe onoyolyrl opog rov gqptlv, ro neplveo onoretre[ p[o

Irrlv

qv 1prrfl ouprpuorl rrlv xopuqrl rou x6rruyo5 (Err. 3-53 ror 3-54). 0 opoq zeprreo npo6pXeror on6 qv opxoio etrtrnvrrf )rt\nnepfueog nou unodq-

nepLoXrl, oXrlporog ptjUpou, nou erre[verol ond p6XpL

patewr1peq pe

rlv

6po neptueo xolop[(ouv pia apxerc ptxp6rep4

nepLlxn. exefun Uerctu xdAnou

xu npaxrol.

346

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Erxdvu 3-53. To rorot ordpro

nueLou (elodoq) oTrlv ov0prrrq xor or1 yuvorre[o nue-

tr0, l-lopoqperore rrg drorpoptlg ovopeoo oro Dtio rputro

nou otpopouv oro rou roro oroplou

pr6ye0og

nue],ou

H oUl qq yuvorrelog nudtrou oro B elvor erelv1 nou evog goreurqpog "Btr6ner" pe rr1 qovroo[o rou orov 11 ooOe-

(K:n)

v1q Bpioreror oro e{eroolro rpone(r. Irtq yorv(eg rou KIll

Pplorovror lprKn o0prpuol (HI), o rorruyog (K) r<or ro r-

oXrord ruproporo (lK) huerdore cirr 1 0Loreroppevq ypoUUl Uero(u Oelrou ror oprorepo0 LoXloxou r<uprdlporoq (lK) bropeiro popBoerd6q ne-

plveo oe dfo rp(ytrlvo, ro oupoyevvlrrrd rplyrrlvo (0T) r<or ro npolrrrro rplyrrlvo (nT). To BeLl delXvouv lq roxroKsq or.ov0eg. Ilperilore oTr To Lrpo ooro (10) elvor "oqrlvopevo"

pero[u rotv troyovrrrlv oor6v.

tvopud)bsq edoqog

nudtrou ror or pueg rou drorppoypoToq T1q

nu6trou neprypoq4rov nporlyorlpevo.

fiotrordrepo, o nporlrdg ootrrlvog Oeope(ro orr onorel,ouoe rprlpo tou oneu0uopdvou. lro ro trtlyo ouro, or orpqvoer0efg Xrirpor sxordpoOev rou opOori ovopooqrov

eu0uioXroxoI B60por. Ir;pepo

npoxtrxdg

ototr4vog

ovoyvopi(eror og (eXorprord rprlpo rou noXrlog evr6pou, enogdvtr;g e(vor nro ooor6 or Xdrpor ouro( vo ovorpepovroL u9 npaxro[oytaxoi B60poL orpof rlXouv olrioq pe rov npoxrLrd otrltrrlvo. Aurd e(voL onpepo ro enLoqgo dvopo onog qo(veror orqv Nomina Anatomica (Warwick, 1989).

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

t 1-

Eoo v€vw)ftKo opvovo PoQti

H0rKt1 oul-tQuotl

OOX€OU

HPtKn ouLtQuot)

Oupov€vvuuKa

tptv0vo

'E€e

oQtyKilipoc

Errdvo 3-56. I\4eoq opetrLoro

tprvuvo

p110po

vo vo DtooXi(et ro np0JKrtK0 rptYovo

np(,)KroC

TOU NOQKTOU

Erxtlvo 3-54. To poppoetOeq nepiveo, ro onoio tKrtlvtrot ono qv qBtrq ouptpuoq pteXpt rov rdrruyo. Irlpetdrore ol pt(o eyropoto ypopprl nou evulvet ro npoo0to orpo rcov toXtortlv ruprolpdrtrlv XtopL(et ro neplveo oe D0o ovtoopey60etq rptyovtreg neptoXtlg,

ro[l ov0pLxrlq nuetrou nou 0etXveL rlv ou vo OLonepvo r0 0up0YtvvnTlIo Tp Yo\0 ro rov npor<rLro ootrt.1

npeKuKo

0upoYswrlrlro rp(yttvo

eunpoq ror ro nptorrtro rpiyttvo n(oot. To pdoo rqg eyropotog Ypopulq

(ev ra Ba1eL tyxapoLog UUq Tlu nepueou) Qepovrot sYK0p0t0, svrir oL puixeq deoU(6sq tlq Udolq Uotpoq (orptyrrnpae, UUq Tng 0u-

pn1poS) neptpotrtrouv

upevoDrl ouprl0po

(Etr 3-58f , 3-60

xot

3-63)

ovloroLXel orrl 0eor1 rou otirporog rou neptveou (revrptrog Ttvov Tou Avexo0ev Beopeito orl ro nue,ltro tdaqog onorele[

neprveou).

m \nppaypa q9 nutAou , ro onoio oXIUnr((erot ond toug duo ovetrxr.ltpeq pueq rou nptr;xrou, roug duo KoKKUYIKouq pueg xor rtq neptrovieg rouq. 0pLopdvot ovordpot, poteurlH0tKtiJ0ll('t)iJt) p0T oc o u v6sc I laa rnC t)DnC n s p t vs t K n l-t s l-t B p0 v r, Ko t-to

AupnApo

t0t-lo

n€ptv€au

Kn06or

loxroKo KUpfoLta

Oun0KoC

npoKToc

u0uioxtoKoC

Boepoc

M€i(ov toxtoi€poc

psq Kor YuvorKotroYot Be0po0v eniorlq 6rt r0 0up0Yevvrlrtxo broqpaypo onorelei rprlpo rou nuel,trof e0oQouq, enerdrl, egooov rpoOei roto rov rorero, ro nuetrtro ddoqoq e{oo8evr(er rot e(voL duvordv vo 6rlgtoupyrlOouv 6totp6ptlv runov rqtreg (n.X. ruoreoxr1trr1, Err. 3-15f). lto vo oupptBoooups rLq dtorpoperLr6q our6q on6rlerq, irnoporipe vo Oeopnooupe ro nuetrtrd 0rotppoYpo rog ro xripto ddorpoq

nuetrou Kot r0 oupoYevvrlrtxd Dtotppoylio oq entKoupt-

ro ddogoq, rdro on6 ro npoqyofpevo.

O ogtyxr4pos r4q oupnepos

auv6€apaC E€o aQIVKTI]poC M€V1C VrlouttotoC LtuC KOPUQIl tOU KOKKUVO

Erxtivo 3-55. To opLo I0u rtptvtou. IoporqpeLore ort or yolvieq rrlq pouBoerdouq ourrlq nepioXrlg Bp[orovrot orov ropoporo ouvOeopo qg nBlq, Uv r<opuqrl rou rorruyo roL ro toXLot<o ruprdlporo.

0 puq ouroq erq0erot ono rrlv eoto entqdveto rou roro xtrodou rou lprrou oorou rot ot (veq rou q6povrot npoq T0 eoo pe roreu0uvo1 npog qv oupr10po, onou ouvonrovrot Us rLg lveg rou ovr[0erou uuoq (Err. 3-23, 3-33 xot 3-5Bt) MeptrSq deopldeg rov putirv ourdrv rp5povtot yupor ono rrlv upev66r1 ouprl0po orov ovdpo

To ou poyewnrtKS 6r6E poylto

roL oXrlport(ouv 6vov otrr10r1 exoioto otpLyxripa, o ono[09 oupnrc(et rqv oupi1po. Entntr6ov, erre[vetot UdXpt tr1 pool qq oupo6oXou xuoqg rot enevduet rov npoordq ono epnpdg rot npooOtontroyro (0elrich, 1980). 2rr7 yuvo[xa, ro xoro lpttou rou oqtYKT1p0

To droqpoypo ouro eivot pio trenrr1 oroLpodo ono ypoppordq purr6q tveg, nou ppforerot perolu rulv d0o ntreuptirv rqg qptrrlq

oupnrd(er rnv oupnOpo rot rov rotreo (0elrich, 1980).

roUopoq (Etr. 3-17,3-57 ror 3-5Bl-). Kotr0nret

npoo0Lo polpo

rou rdro orop[ou rt eEobou qg nuetrou.0L Uuir5q doopideq qq npoo0roq rot on[oOtog go[poq rou 0upoYevvlTtKou dtotlpoYU0roq

pu6q rqq ouprl0pog ouveXerot pe ro npoo0tontroyto ro(Xtlpo rou rotreou, oxnUori(ovroq 6uov pqrpooup71pLxd otpryxtfpo, o ono(og Nerjporoq (Erx. 3-61 ror 3-74A). NeApo tou nepueou, ro onoto ervor rloboq rou otdoLtrou ve0pou (12, l3 rot l4).

Apuoq.

0 erouotog otptyrrrlpoq rr'lq ouprl0poq ouotp[yyet qv

348

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

uUevd)bl ouplep0 0TOV ovdp0 Kor ouUnr{i(er Trlv oupn0p0 Kor

TOv

orrl yuvo[Ko.

KOtrso

ru B60u eyxdporog

trtug

rou nepuSou

H orevrl ourq puixrl trorp(do ou;.upferor pe qv 6orrl enrqovero rou xAadou rou toytoxol oorcA (Ew.3-5Bl-, 3-59A rot 3-60), qeperor eyroporo ror eloduer oro x6,vrpo rcu nepuEou (revrprrog

revovrog rou neprveou). Irrl yuvoixo opLopSveg [veg rou erodrjouv oro ro(1rrt1ro rou rotreou. NeUptrorl (ELr. 3-61 xor 3-744). Nelpo rou ruepueou, ro onoio efvor xtroOog rou o16orir<ori veupou (12, l3 ror 14).

Apoo4. 0 puq ourog oroOeponore[ ro r6vrpo rou neprveou, oupgereXovrog orov yevrro unoorrlprxrlrd potro rou oupoyevvrlrtxou dLorppoypoTog yro ro nue),rr<o 6dorpog ror ro nueLrro ontrdXVO.

To otitlto rou nepwfou H nepnovfo rou nepwfou rcvovuo revtpo rcu nepLveou

neprveiro odrgo eivor pio grrprl rvtidqq gd(o oXrlgorog oqrlvoq, 11 onolo evron((eror oro 16vTpo rou nepLveou (Erx. 3-23, 3-35, 3-55 ror 3-5BZ). To r6vrpo rou neprvrlou elvor ro X0puKTqptoTtKri yvtilpropo rou neprveou, ro o1peio onou ouyrtrivouv notrtroi prieq (eyroporog UUq Tou neprveou, 11

potrpoo4poyytrtdqg, ovetrrr1poq UUq r0u nporrou xor peprxeg 6eop(deg rou d[o orpryrrrlpo gu6g rou npoxrou).

To oupoyevv4rLro dtorppoygo, onog ror dtrtroL pueg, neprgotrro po0er nepuovio (Err. 3-58 dolq 3-60, 3-63 ror 3-64). H nepuov[o rou neprvrlou onore],e[rol ono duo nero],0, r4r Leror ono glo ev

xoru xot qv avu nepLrov[o Tlu 0uplyevvnrLroA dngpoyporog.

H rortrl nepuov(o rou oupoyevvrlrrrou drorppoyUoToq, 11 onoio og neprveix{ pepppov4, ouv6Xeror U€ Tnv ev

ouv40org ovorp6peror

Oup060xoc KioLn Ev

n poae

Boe€t

Kot n to

Ko roixot tct

oupo60 ulc €nrnonic KornnKiC

HBrKti o0LtOuotl

n€ptTovtoc

0upoy€vvnuKa KoLtoporcC aivA€ouo( ulC ttBtlc n€oC

or1

C n € p t v si

o C xci p o C

n € p tv€i

EntnodhC neprvtixti

n€ptLovio

Kti Ltt Lr B Dov tl

EntnonnC n€ilv€iKoC XQPOC

Etxtivo 3-57. Mdol opetrtoio roprl ovDpLr<1g nu6iou nou 6e[Xvet ro oupoyevvr;rrrr1 drorppoypo Kor Touq neptveirouq Xrirpoug. Irlperdrore orr notr1g neptveixrl neptrovfo onore],ei ouvdXero rlq sv ro Bo0er olBodoq qg enrno],1g xortrrorflg nepuovloq.

ent-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

349

T0r

Boett 0rorp0b0 qg nsprTovl0q npoq T0 s$npoq KOr npoq T0 n[0o, sv6 npoq r0 ntroyro 0uUQUsTor Uâ&#x201A;Ź rnv rlBrKn K0U0p0 (Err. 3-

58l- ror 3-59A) To dIo nerotro rqg nepuovfog npoorpuovroL npog ro nLoyio orlv qBrxq ropopo ror oul.upuovror perolu TOUq npoq T0

59A). H entnoLqq neprov[o rou neprut,ou (Erx 3-57, 3-58 ror363), bttl q upevor6lq ororgo6o rou uno6oprou ouvderlrou rorou rou nepLvtlou (neprrovlo rou Colle), ouv6Xeror pe r1v upevtirdrl

epnpog orrlv xopurpl K0r npoq ro nloo orq pool r0u 0upoyevvrlTrro0 dLorppoyl.roro-q. H ev ror Bo0er poXro[o qtrepo rou ndoug eroepXeror

ororpo6o rou unodoprou ouvDerrrou rorou rou rororepou

olvdeopoq rou nepLvEou) Kottlu Ka1opuroA ouvdeopou rnq rt\nq

Toq Tou npoo0rou roilroxou rorXrrlgorog.

rpr11-ro-

enmoAqq nepnov[o

rou neptveou oupqleru ge: (1) rr1v nLore[o nepnov[o, q ono[o neptpotrtreL roug pueg rou plpou (Err. 3-64 ror 3-71) (2) r4v qBtxr1 xoltopo xot (3) q poorl r4g neptveir4q pepBpov4g. llpog ro eUnpoq I enLnotrlg neprrovto TOU neprveou errelveror npog ro n60q K0t TO ooXeo, (ELr. 3-63), oxlUol(ovrog eror evo upevdbeg nepiBlqpo yro T0uq opXerg xor TOUq onepgoTrroug rclvoug. Zrrl yuvol ro, 11 nepuov[o our1 erre(veTor np0g qv r],euop(do ror ro geyotro Xertrl

rou orbo[ou (Err. 3-72).

orlv nuetro pero(u rov

3-55 3-5- ro.3-59). IlepreX6prevo rou ev

npooOrrrtv Xertreov

@yxopotog

(ELx.

poroq

(Erx.

B60er neprveixori 6roorri-

3-18 3-5Bl- ror 3-61). Zrov ovdpo, ro

po0er

neprveiro 0Loorlgo nsprexer rrlv upev66q oupqOpo, ro oqryrrqpo UU

Tlq ouptl0poq rouq $otrpoupl0porouq o66veg, Touq rv

po0er pIeg rou ntorvrou xor ro ovrloroLXo oyye[o ror veupo (n.X.

rou ndoug). Ir1v yuvo[xo, ro rv T0] poOer neprveiro bLoorqp0 nrcr0I0L 11v ouprl0po, ro oqryrrflpo pu r1g oupq0pog, rov ev ro: 3c3sL syK0p0ro pu rou neprveou K0r r0 ovriororXo oyye[o ror veupc ir ,r ro p0Xr0[o ve0po rqg rtreuopiboq).

poXro[o veupo

To enrnoArTg neptveixd 6t6orr7trto Aurog e[vor o Xtlpoq perolu

enrnotrrlg nepuov[og Tou nr-

To npuxrtK6 rpfy@vo

prveou ror rqg neprveirrlg pepppovlq (Err. 3-57 roL 3-52). H enrno-

rool 0T0 ovo opr0

),1q nepuovro rou nrprvrou npooQurTor ttpoq T0

lBrxqg oulupuolq Kor 0T0 ntroyro oro otirpo rou qprro0 ooro0.

neproXl 0uTn

.cJ .rirlr0u ppioreror

Qeror rpoq ro roro K0i iri00J tELr 3-l

np0q r0 n[oo-r xor orpe-

7 3-19, 3-53 6trlg 3-57A, 3-

58, 3-63 roL 3-641 Ta aoLa rou npar<rtroA rpLytitvou e[vor ro e[r1g:

fleprel6pevo rou enrnoAriq neprveixori drocr{porog (Err. 3-57 roL 3-58). froiz ovdpa , ro Droorrlpo ouro nepreXer rq

npog To n[ou 4 xapuEr] rau KaKKUyo Klt nplq Td e1nplq n vlnTn ypa11n, nou evdveL T0 rpol1rl at<po ruv rcyLoxtiv KUpTaUoTuv.

rou neoug ror roug pueg nou oXerl(ovrol pe ouro, ro nepreXoUevo r0u ooXeou, ro eyyug rplpo qg olpoyydrdouq oupl0poq, rouq

Ipog ro epnpog spxsTor silr0lq os oxs0l

oupoysvvrlTrKou brorppoyporoq [0r npoq T0 nro[D K0r 0T0 ntroyro pe

entnotr1g p0eg rou tteprveou, rtrodouq rov

rouq peL(oveq

pL(o

ror ro orDoriro veupo. nepteXer

oo; oldorixrrtv oyye(o-rv

Iulv yuvo[xa, o enrnoAqg

ro elqg: i1v p((o rrlq

rtreLropldoq Kor Touq potrporiq rou

npodopou, roug enrnotrqg pueg rou neplveou,

ror veupo

Kor Toug

ne pLverxog Xrilpog

ro o[orolXo

oyyelo

pe((oveq od6veg rou npodopou.

ro on[oOro opro rou

LoXLorepou-c ouvDeopoug. Kotrunreror npog ro novut ono roug Ueyotrouq yLourro[oug pueq. To nporrrrro rplyurvo nepLeXer rov npuxuxo ouA4vo. rov e{a otpryxr1po pu rou npuxrou xat

roug eu)uioytoxo1g B60poug. 0 npotrrrrog orotrrlvog bLorpuno ro eboqoq rqg nuetrou ror xorotrqyer oqv enrqovelo rou neprveou pre ovorylLo, nou ovopo(eroL npcrrrog. To depUo Tnq fteptnpuKTrKnq

Ie nepinrooq piqrlq nrnotrrlg neprveixo Xtirpo,

TnS uvdprxrig ouprj0pog

oqpe(o npoorpuolq

orov r-

rlg repr-

veirqg neprroviog xoOopi(ouv rrlv xoretrOuvorl rrlg porlg

tov

orlptov nou nepreXovror o'ourrlv. 'Eror e(vor buvorov vo

rou Xotropo0 ouvdertroti rorof npog ro ooxeo, yuptrr on6 ro n6og Kot rpoq ro novot oro npoo0ro xodtord rolXtrrgo (Erx. 3-57). To oupo dev pnopouv vo tprooouv 0T0uq Unpofq, drorr 1 enrnoLqg nepLrovlo rou nrptdL5trOouv peoot

v6ou oulupderor Ue rrlv nAorcfo neptov[a, nou neprpotrtre ,ouq gfeg rou prlpou (ELx. 3-71A), opdorrlg pero ro FouBtovtro o0vDeogo. En(oqq ro oripo 6ev eivor buvordv vo nepo-

larpag nepreXer eupeye0erg o;ulyporoyovoug roL Ldporronorouq g ror elvor reXpoto;rrlvo (Err. 3-58H). To oroupoXpopo ouro ddppo oX1porl(er oxrrvoerdeiq nruX6g, n0u TOU 6[vouv rrlv XoporrqpLorrxrl (oprrlp6vl eprpovrol ror or ono(eg oXrlporl(ovror ono oD6ve

rqv etr[q nou oorel oro 6eppo ro unorefpevo rvoetroorrro brotppoypo (Erx. 3-21A).

O npuxrtx6g ouAr1vog

oouv ltpoq ro nloto oro nporrlxo rp(ynvo, xo0dl or duo oroLBodeg r4g neprveirrlq nepuov[og ouvrlXovror 11 pro ge

0 ootrrlvog ouroq, pqrouq nepinou 4 er. orov ev1trrxo, onoretre[ qv re],rrq ror rororoq pofpo rou noXdog evrepou (ELr. 3-7, 3-20,3-21, 3-33 3-34, 3-49 roL 3-63) ApXi(er ono ro olpelo onou q trqru0og rou op0o0 oreveuer onoropo, oTO urloq r1q el-

rrlv otrtrq yfpo ond roug enrnotr1g pdeg rou neprveou.

trLog" nou oXlporl(eroL ono rov

To ev

ru B60u neptveix6

6t6ort71to

Eivot o Xtrlpoq nou neprr),eleror perolLi rqg ovrrl ror qg roro neprrovfog rou 0upoysvvrlrLrou drorppoyporoq (Err. 3-1 B, 3-57, 3-

lpoeu0uiro pu ror rorotr1yor oTOV npoxrd, ro e[orreptro ovoryl-ro r0u yooTpevreprrou ootrrlvo (Erx. 3-60 roL 3-64). 0 npotrrog pploreror oe ouonoorl. oy1;rori(ovroq pfo npoo0ron[o0ro o1Lopr1, nou e(opovL(eror orq bropret0 Tlq 0QO6euo1g. 0 nporrrrrog ootrrlvoq nou nepLBotrtreror ono TOV r0o Kor 6{rrl orpryrrqpo rou npotrrou, qeperor npoq T0 xoro xoL 0Unpoq,

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

350

Oupn0po

Oupnepo

)

\ tQrVKulpoc

BonBouptl0poiol

mc ouptiopoc

o6€vEC Ev

Poe€t

€vKopaDc Lruc rcu n€ptv€ou

Poxtoio v€jpo Kor ovv€io tou niouc

Ponoio v€ipo KOt OVV€.O U1C

KnArcpi6oc

n€ptv€iKo oVy€io KOnULT€VO

on)

Ttlv

n€av€iKi LteuBoovn

Etxtjvs 3-58. 0t orLBodeq T0u ntptvtou, ono rtg ev ro Bo0eL ttpoq Ttq enrno],r1q. Iro A, 11 yorvio pero{u rotv 0uo rlBoLoXroro-rv rtroOrov yepr(eL o1edov reLelog ono rouq pueg rou nuetrtrou dtorppoyporog. H ouptlOpo (ror o rotreclg) drepXovror epnpog, ro opOo n[oo. H ovrrl (B) xor 11 roror (A) neptrov(o rou oupoY€vvlrtrou dtotppoyltorog neplrLelouv 6v0v ev ro Booer neptveird Xdrpo (f) nou neprdXer roug 6uo pueg rou oupoyevvlrrrou dLotppoyporog Kot oTov ovdpo roug potrBooupttOpoioug oddveg. 0 entnotr1g neprveirog Xtirpog nepreXer lg doprlg nou qolvovror oro oXlporo E evtir oro Z xol H 6[verot Uto onoqrrl rou oupoyevv1rrrou drorppoyl-roToq Kor rov oXerr(opevov pe ouro Doprirv.

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

ANAPAz

351

TYNAIKA

Ouptl0po

ttlpoyvu6€C oolto fou ntouc tt1pow66€C oeLto ulc ouoti1poc

M€t<0v o6€voC tou npo60uou

MUC

utc €nnonnc

orr po60c

IonoonpoVVdOtiC

LtuC

BonBootipowadnC puC

AvotVl-1o u1C

ouot)eaoc AvotVLto tou KOn€OU

EntnoniC €vKopotoc IJUC tOU

n€prv€ou

Kavtpo rou

ntptvtou no0Kr0c

E€u oQryKrnpoC

tau npoKrca

Erxrivo3-58.E-H

352

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Bo?st

poxtoio Qn€po P0xnio oPttlPio

tou N€OUC

Poxtoio v€uPa

EVK0patoC n€Ptv€tKoC

auv6EOLtac

Poxtoio oPrnPICt fou nEouc EntKouptKtl oPtttPto

YLt€vd)Anc ouon0Pct

vto rov ponpo

Ap'utpio Vto tov Bonqo

Antaelo

oo\(]Ktl -*%. -* oDttlDl1 )c

tiOt'J nrPtfovn n€pttovto n€plvsiKti I,t€lJBpovtttl (Kot(D \! t 6nQpovLtoLoc) toTocl tou oupov€vvtlttKOa 'tnthnovt

Erxdvo 3-59. A. AvoroPq rou ev ror poOet nePlveiro0 XtitPou ov0pu<f1g

nuetrou. To or6trr1 rou

neoug tlXouv otPorPeoet.

pro{epl n},euPo q

Irrlv o-

nePLveirl

pepPpovq oQoQeelKo fePtrulq

ffi $ ffi ffi !-

--j

Wl WJ

nnavto, ooptxoi

ylo vo onoKotruq0ouv ot boPeg

ro,, r.tsa€vr€ptoi

rou tv Tto PoOer nePtveirou Xtilpou, l'loporrlPelore rtg beoPt[-

Kotvoi novovtor

deq r1q nepLveirrlq UeUpPovlq or onofeq ouyr],ivouv oTo PotrBo

ror., novovtot tAtu rlovovtot

rntnonnq PouPovtKUt Lntnontlc Bou\ovtKot

€l rur,,

poeet poupt,:vtxoill

ffi tspoi I V noooooe'roi

Kot Tou od\aT1q rju Uer0qtj Tou npuKToKoKKUytKoA ouv66ottou neputlu (ELr. 3-23). A16;ro neptpoLLerot xot ono roug ovelrrrl-

peq Uueq rou npolrrou, ot ono(ot oXrl;rot((ouv Kot r0 onpovTtKoTspo rUnUo rou neptveiro0 dtotppoyporog'

e106pxsTot o'0uT6v (n.X. Xer K0Ts0euvon

rp0q

r0u ntouq Kot TOV OUYKpOTOUV 1Ptr1 roPoPo B. AePqtrrl

oqv

nopoX6reuorl

oX6ou i

TOU

rot rrlq

n6ouq, Tou ooqPoYYtildouq

ouprl0p0q.

to otYUOet600K0Iit0), npdnet v0 6-

TOv 0UQ0tr0 (Erx.

3-21 Kot 3-39)'

To eooreptK6 rou TrpoKrlKoli otoA{vo (ELr' 3-21' 333A, 3-34A, 3-49A rot 3-52)' 0 ptrevvoyovoq T0u ovo nUtUopiou T0u rrpoKTIKOU o0ltrrlv0 xopoKTnp((eT0t 0n0 nopotrtrnLeg

xororopu-

qeq nrux6q, n0u OvoU0(0vrotnpuKTt'Ko( oTAAu' 0t nruXdg ourdg

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

353

HPtKn auLtOuatl

Entna)(lt1C

poxtoto AnE Do

P0xt1t0 0pu)pto Kot v€upo f 11c Kri€ttapt60a Kn€

trapt6a] tK€noC Kn€tTopi60C

Bon Boo

povvod tlc

,toLilo

ouDnAData

EonDoc tou npo6ol-lou

tLol.ilo Kon€ou

Kno6ot tov €oo ctt6otiKuv oVV€iov

fatx0llo

OupoVEVVtittKo 6toApoVLto

M€Eov 06€voC tou npo6attou

BonpoanpoVV66nC

Kan€ou

Avsr)KtupatC l-tuC tou nDQKtou

LtuC

Av€nKTUpoC Lt0C TOU NOOKTOU

Etxtivo 3-60. Aroroprl yuvoLrelou neptv6ou. 0 BotrBoorlpoyytrtdrlg puq p6pog rou, orporpe0eL orqv opLoreprl nLeupo.

eXeL

0Loropei rot ovoonoo0er orrl 6elLo nleupo, evrrl eXer, oro peyo],urepo

neprsxouv T0uq TetrrK0[q Ktr06ouq rov 0v0] 0ruoppOidrKov OpTrlpt6v Kor qtrep6v. Iro olpe(o ouro or ovtrt orpoppoibLreg qtrepeg

oXrlp0rr(ouv lrio ovtirpotrq rrevroerdrl ypoUUn, otpoppoLdrro dorrutrro (rrevroerdrlg ypoUUn).

rou nutro(ou ouorflporog, ovooro;.tirvovror Ue Trq pdoeg ror xoro; oLlroppoibrreg qlepeq rou ouoqporoq rolv rortrov qtreBdrv (ptr.

0 atpoppoldLx6g daxrlAnq (Etr. 3-49) (rrevroerdrlg ypoUpl) ovrrorolXe[ orq oupBotr1 rou ovorepou rgrlporoq rou npatrrrxou oortrrlvo (nou npo6pXeror ono ro epppuiro onLoOro evrepo) pe ro rororepo rpqpo rou (nou npoepXerol ono ro epppuiro npotrrrro evrunopo). 0 orpoppoi6rrog dorrutrroq (rrevroerdrlg ypoppq, ptrevvoyovo-bepgorrrq ypolrpl) onoretre( enrorlg ro oqpero, onou ro

Erx. 2-83).

H op1onpuxrKn ypo1pn 4 oupBoAn, q onoLo ovlororXeI oro rov nporrrrriv oru),rrrv (ELr. 3-218, 3-33A ror 349A), noptoro rqv neproXrl onou ro oneu0uopevo peroninrer orov ovdrrepo orpo

nporrlro

ootrr1vo. To roro orpo rorv orul,ov ourotv ouvdsovror peto[u roug pe r.\ npaKTtKeg BaABidtg, or onoleg eivor 11ptoetr4voerde[g nruXeg rou enr0r1],(ou. llovo ono oureg rrg nruXeg pproKovror prrpeg eooXrig, oL npuxuxoi xdAnot (Erx.3-52). '0rov or rolnot ouroi, or ono[or nepreXouv ptrevvo, oupnreo0ouv ono ronp0vo, onodldouv Tlv ptrdvvo ourr1, Bol0drvroq drot orrlv Kevooq rou nptrlrrrrOu orotr4vo. TO roro orpO rulv nptorrlrtirv potrpidtrrv

onoio onoreLei rov

rul,rvDprro ent0r1trro T0u ovotTepou rprlprorog rou nporrLrou oo.rtr1-

vo, geron[nreL oro notruorrBo ntroxritdeg enr0qtrro TOU KoToJTrpou

rplporog ourou. Irov nporro, o uypoq orprXog ptrevvoyovog rou nporrrrou ootrrlvo peroninrer oe oreyvo rprXoro deppo (Err. 321B). 0r duo

UoLpe q T0u

npoKrrKou

oo-rtrr.1vo

orlLoppordrro doxrul,ro 6rotpepouv oq np0q

novo rot rorot ono rov qv orportooq, rq ve u-

poorl Kor q qtreBrrl ror trepcprrq nopoXereuol. 0r drorpopeg ourdg

354

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

sfvor 0n0pp0r0 rng 6roQopsTrKrlq eUppuotroytK1q rp06treuqq Tov d0o ourolv rpqpororv rou nporrtro0 ootrr1vo.

onog ror ro oneuOuogrlvo (Moore, 1 9BB), evdr o nporrlr6g oortrflvoq roror ono rov orlroppoidrro doxrutrro npoepXeror

Aprqpieg rou npoKrrrori ootr{vo (Etr. 3-10, 3-24 rot 3-50 9I. enlo1g Err. 2-81). H avu aLpoppoidxq aprrlpio otpor6-

ono ro nptrrrlro evrunorpo (e{6deppo).0 oLuoppoibrroq

ver ro r;rrlpo rou nporrrrou otrrtrnvo novor ono rov otltoppoidLrd dorrutrLo. H opqpio ourtl onoretre( rq ouveXeto 14g roro peoevr6-

rov nporrlrdlv

prog oprrlpiog orrlv nuetro. 0t retrrro( xtrobot

ovtrt otltoppoidL-

rrlq opqpioq nopeuovrot rp0q T0 rdrol oroug nptrlrrtro0q orutroug xor oXlpori(ouv ovooroptotrtr6q oyr0treg, ovTtoTotxo npoq Touq npoKTrKouq rotrnouq. U dlo xoru aryoppoidmtq aprnpbg orportitvouv ro rordlrepo rprlpo rou npuixrtrou otrttrtlvo (rortl ono rov orlroppoi6rro dorrutrro), xo0tlg rot roug pueg nou rov ileptpotrtrouv r<ot ro ddppo Tlq neptnpoKrtrnq neptoxng. 0t geoeq ot-

poppo[dxtq opqpbq

ouprprer6Xouv

oqv

oortrrlvo oxrlpori(ovroq ovoorop6oetq pte

(Etr.

oryoppoi\xeg EAeBeq, ovrlorotXo

ilpoq ro Xeitrog rou 5[o otpLyxrrlpo rou nporrrou. 0r UEoeq u1oppoilLxlq qAepeq, rLodot ttrlv 5otr.t troyovLtov qtreptitv, Q6pouv K0T0 e

rou npoxrlxoti

ootrqvo

(Err. 3-498). tlavu and rov aLpoppoi\Lx1 \axr1Ato, ro treUQoyye(o

erpdtrtrouv oroug ioo Aay1vrcuq, Aepqadeveq rot gdoo our6v oroug rorvoug troyovrouq ror oorpuirofg trepqod6veg. Koru on6 rov otltoppo|dtx6 1axrlArc, ro trepqoyye(o erpotrtrouv 0rouq erunotr1g pouptovrrouq trepqo66veq.

Nerjpoo4 rou nptrlKrrrori ootr{vo (Ex.

3-24A, 3-47,

3-48 ror 3-61). To veupo, nou rorovegovror oro rprlpo Tou nporrrrou ootrrlvo novor ono rov atpoppo[.Itx6 doxfuAto, npodpXovror tn6 ro xoru unoyootpto nAeypo (oupno0qrrro) ror ono ro nuetrtxo ontroXvrro veupo (nopoougnoOlrrro). To oupnoOlrrro veupo nopeuovror po(i pe rrg rdro peoevrdpreg ror rrq ovol oLlroppoidrrdq opqpreq, evtl ro nopoouprno0qlro ve0po (ono ro ll 6oq ro 14) tprlpovror ple

ro nuetrrro ontroXvrro veupo, yro vo evot0ouv ge ro

xatu unoyoorpto nLeypo. To ovtilrepo rp1po rou nporrrrrou

orrr-

trrlvo onovro povo oe epe0roporo roo1q. To veupo rou npolrrtrou

ootrqvo xdrol on6 rov orlroppoi6rxrj 6urrUtrro npo6pXovror. onp ro xaru aLpoppoidxa veApo, rtrodouq rou ot\otixoA veApou . Auto ro rprlgo rou nporrrro0 ootrnvo onovro oe epe0loploro novou, oQrlq roL 0epporpoo[oq.

oprrlproq (opr1pia rcu on[o?Lou evrtpou), evtl q ror6repq poipo rou nporrlro0 ootrr1vo, nou npo6pXerot ono ro npolrrrxo evr0nopro, orpor6veror ono rrg xotu atpoppoidt' xEg oprnpieg, rtrddouq rrlg eoo otdoulx4q opr\ptuq. H

rov

potptirv ourtirv ro-

ouv6nero rqg drorpopelr4q epppuotroytulg npodtreuoqq rrlq ovdrepqg roL xor6replg go[pog rou npotrrtrou ootrrlvo. H preronrool rou rul,rvdprrou 1 rupLxou ent01triou qg ovorreplg polpoq rou nporrrrou ootrrlvo oro notrfortpo ntrordlbeq enr01trro qg ror6repqg lroipog npoylroronote[ror oro enfne6o TOU 0rU0ppoidrrou dorrutrrou r1 notrf rowo o'ourov. To roprLvdrptoro nou elopgouv ond roug buo runoug enrO1tr(rov 6rorp6pouv perolu roug. Kor ouro pepotoq oXerl(eror Us rnv

K0T0y0Jyr1

roug ono duo drotpoperrxoug

runoug ptroolro0 ddpporoq (evdoDeppo orrlv ovtireprl polpo ror enrqoveLoro eltideppo orqv xortlrepl po[po).

(orreprrrl puirq ortpddo rou Tot-

Xdporog rqg ronpodoXou tr1ru0ou rou oneu0uoprlvou. IXrlport(ouv ovooropdroerq pre rLg ovtrl ror xoro orUoppoiOrKdq qlepeq.

Aep<prr{ nopol6reuon

idxq apr4pia. orporetreurro rtrodo qg rorto peoevrdptog

069 en(oqg ror q veupolol rouq 6rorp6pouv en[019, oov

oro en[nedo rou orpoppoidtrou dorrutrlou. floval ond Tov 0lU0pp0i6rxd 6oxrrjtrro, ro 6orrr ot;roppoidrxo ntr6ypo erpotrtret roreu0e(ov oqv dva atpoppoldtx7 rpieFo, rtrodo qg ovtrl peoevr6ptog rptrdpog. Kurto und rov orpoppoidrxri 6oxrftrto, ro eoo-r oLgoppoidtro

oro oqpe[o

rou npuxnxol upevo oto epppuo. E[ouiog qg epppuirtlq npo6treuorlg qq ono ro onlo0ro evrepo, q ov6repl potpo rou nporrrrro0 otrltrrlvo otpordtverot ono rqv ovu atpoppo-

tptreprrrl ror treptprrrl nopoX6reuoq

ot1-top-

OIeBrx{ nopo;16reuon rou nptoKrrxorl ooAtjvo

r0pro troyo qtreprro oipo ono

opro

rtg ovto rot xorot

3-24,3-49 ror 3-51, ptr. enionq Ex. 2-81). Io tou otltoppoildLxo rpAeBxo nAfypo nopoXereferot Kot rpoq rtg b0o roreuOuvoetg,

olg rcira

ro rorrirepo

potrp(dorv, evron[(eror neplnou

otporoloq rou npotxrtroI

poidrreg opqpieq.

ntr6ypo expotrtrer

dorr0trLog, o ono[oq unoDqtrtlveror ono

0r eooreprxeg orlroppriibeg ("(oXodeS") e[vor rrpooI

rov xtrodov rtrrv

ovro orlroppoidLrtiv qtreptirv xot xaA1movrot on6 pAevvoydvo (Err. 3-51 ). 0t e{urepmEg aryoppoideg (or onoieg orlroppoyouv notr0 ouXvo) elvor rrpool rorv rtrodtrlv rov r0ro orlroppoiDrrtiv qtre$dv xo, <oAlnrovtot

ano 6eppo. Ko0tiq unoplouv noluop-. -oq 0v00T0U6osrq pero[u rov QtreBLr6v ntreyportov rolv oLlroppoidrxtirv qtrepdtv, e[vor duvorov vo oveup[oxovror droreropevor Kor 0uroI ot ovooroporrro( qtreprro( rtrodor. 0L orlroppoldeg nou

npoonlnrouv ono rov e[o orpryrrqpo rou nporrou ouXvo ouprnLd(ovror, pe enorotrou0o rqv nopegnodrorl Knq ponq roug.

Iov

onoretreopo ourou eXouv

qg oLgorrqv rooq vo

e[etrr6vovror Kor v0 oTpoyyotrr(ovroL. 0 oxnpouott6g 1polLBuv e(vor nro ouXvog

olg e(orepLr6g nopo oTrq r0o-

reprr6q orUoppoideq. 0r ovooroptrloerg pero[0 rtov ovto, prlotrlv ror roro olltoppoibrrrilv qtrep6v, oXlpol(ouv oqpovrtr6g oqv rtrrvtrrl npo\l enxotvuvieq pero{A q9 nuAo[ag Kot rnq luorn7lTr-

xuil,oEog0g (BI Err. 2-83).

ovo orlroppoi6Lrrl qtrepo ev6 or p6oeg ror roqtrepeg pSoor rol orlroppoidrreg erpotrtrouv rrlg ouorqpoTrr1q rurtroqop(oq orrlv roror xo[tr1 tptrepo. Ko0e no0otroyrrrl oulqol qg nteorlg p6oo oro nutroio ouoqpo, ro onofo 6ev x49

erpotrtrer orrlv

roro peoevrepto

rptr6po,

dLo06rer polprdeg, elvor duvorov vo npoxotreoer 6roroorl

rov

ovrrr oLl.roppoidLr<rirv Qtreptirv, pre onordtreopo

or1

eourepxdtv otltoppoi1uu.

Ilg

rrlv epqovr-

neprnrdroeLg nuioioq

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

JrrcpTao\l Koedlq Kor Kippoong rju nnoTog,0r ovooTouoTrKtq QtreFeq 0Trlv neproxn Tou npoKTtKoU ootrlv0, otrtrd ror

otrtrsq 06oerg, Koe[oTovror Krpo60srq Kor elvor buvorov

vo unoorofv pr1[ri (Eu<. 3-51. BI. eniorlq ELr. 2-83).

oropa nlu ftaoxouv ano ypowa duoxoLAtou1ro, ot xotrnor ror o ptrevvoyclvoq elvor duvorrjv vo oxrmouv on6 ortrrlpo xonpovo. H oXro;roerdqg Btrdpq, yvoorrt aq np u xr m4 oytoprl ffrx. 3-52). ouvrl 0o-rg evronl(eror roror

nporlxoi

0n0 Trq npoKTrKeq polprbeq xor eivor notru enurduvrl, orpou

neproXrl ourr; veup6veror ono oro0rlnx6g iveq rtov rorot ot-

poppoidrrulv veupov (ELx. 2-61 ). IonepLnpuKTLKo onolTn-

goro (nuorderg outrtroyeq) onore),ouv ro nrOovci enoroLou0o lig ;-rotruvoqg rov nptoxlxdlv ourolv oXtoptilv, xor 1 qtreygo-

355

0 6[to ogryxr{poq rou TrpoKro0 (Etr. 3-19, 3.21A

22,3-33A 6oq 3-35 3-582 ror 3-63). 0 peyotroq ourog erouoLog oqryrqpog gproxeror oro neplveo, onou ne prpotrtrrr T0 K0T0j rprTrlpopro rou npornrou ootrr1vo. IXlpori(eL pro n),orto rorvro (ntroroug 2-3 er.) oe ro0e ntreupo rou nporrlrou ootrr1vo, 1 ono[o onorel,e(ror ono unod1pn, enmotr4q Kot. tv ru po1tL ltoipo.l-lotruopr0por rtrodor

rov roro orpoppoidrrdrv

veupurv ror oyyerolv dr6pXovror

gerolu rov enrnotrrlg Kor ev ro po0er onpodov rou puog. Muirdg deogLdeq rou e[o otptyrrlpo rou nporrou qepovroL ono ro revrpo rou neptveou npoq Tov rorruyo Kor Tov npoKToKoKKUyLro ouvde-

rllo ror rov e or duo npene r vo Xolopdroouv nprv ono qv oqodeuorl. To duo ovtrl rptqpdpLo rou neprpotrtrovrol ono rcv oxoAon 6ou oEtopo. 0 npuxrtxog ouA4voq tyer duo orpryxrrlpe g rov

otr-r. Kor

vrl efvor duvorov vo enexroOei oroug eu0uioXroxorlq Bd0poug 11 xor oqv nuetro, pe onor6treopo ro oXrlpolopd eu1u[cyta-

yru1pa rou npurroA ror evroXuovror ono roug ovetrr<rrlpeq pueg rou nporrou (Err. 3-49 ror3-50). To duo roro rprqpopro ne prpotr-

xdv xu op1onueALxtitv anoorr1paruv, ovr(ororXo (ELx. 3-52). fo nput<ru<6 oupiyyto pnope[ vo 6qgLoupyq0e( oov onordtreopo rqg enerroorlg qg pdtruvorlg. To 6vo oxpo evog re-

l,ovror ono rcu exojoto

rorou no0otroyLrorj dLoutrou enrxorvovel Aqvo

rotro

9pou

otrtro

orpo

]ercu npaKTKo 0u-

ro ondorqpo rcu eu1uiloyLoxo1 Bo-

t{u Orpryxrrlpa rOu npuxrO1, o onolog ouvexeror npog T0 novo pe rov 4poeuOuiro pu rplpo rou ovetrxrrlpo UU rou rpoKTOrj (Err. 3-20B,3-21A,3-23 ror3-33).0 6lo-r oqLyrrflpoq UUq entxo),unrer peprrtirq ro rortttrepo rgrlpo rou dorrt orpLyrrrlpo tou npoxrou.

enrqovero rou nspurpoKTtxo[ bepporog.

Ko0rlg orov npotrrrrd oortrqvo novol ono rov orpoprou ourlvol]ou ouoTqgaroq, 6ev nporotrelror oioOqpo novou drov yiveror xdnoro

Av ror o e{to orpryrrrlpoq rou npolxro0 0etrrpe(rcr tirL onoreLe(roL ono rperg poipeg, our6g 6ev cqopi(ovroL oo-, qoq. l-ro rov troyo ouro oprogdvot ovordpor rov Oeopotiv

eLoodoq Betrdvoq oqv neproX4 ourrl. Avr(0ero, 4 poipo rou nptllrrrrou ootrqvo roro ono rov orlroppoidrrd dorrul,Lo eivor nolu euoio0qrq (n. X. oro rpunqpo uno6o-

olq g(o puirq po(o (Ayoub, 1979), evtir otrtror neprypdrpouv govo enLnotrrlq Kor 6v rto po0er poipo (Woodburn and

poi6rr<o doxrftrLo drovripovror ve1pa

roptl

ptog petrdvoq) ener64 veupdrveror on6 n xdru oqtopplidrxa ve1po, ro ono[o neprexouv oro0nrtreq lveq.

Burkel, 1988). 'EXer onotpooroOe( oro Brpl[o ouro vo oro, trou0elror 1 ouvr104g neprypoqrj, p6Xprg orou unop{ei 1r(o

yevrrrl oulrrprrrv[o (l)g npog ro oripe [o ouro.

0rpofpeg rou 6{to ogryxr{po rou npoKrorl

(Err. 3-19

etog 3-21A, 3-33, 3-35 ror 3-63). H uno66pLa poipo onoretrei

ro ro-

rorrepo rprlpo rou, efvor trenr1 ror neprpotrtrer rov nporrd. 0l dorlutrroerde[g qg deopideq, or onoieg Xro(ovror epnpoq ror nfoo ono

rov nporro, dev epqovi(ouv npoorpuorl oe ooro. H

enLnoAr1q

potpo

dXer etrtrer{oerdeq

11 trroetdeg oXrlpo. 0r rveg rrlg qepovror npoq To epnpoq, ono rrlv ropurpl rou rorruyo K0r TOV np0lKror<oxruyrro ouv-

At6otiKo

Poxtota

vsupa

v€upa

Kot0 otl-toppoi6tKa

tau n€ouc

vsupo

N:upo tou nsptvEou EtxtivO

3-61. i0 0rou,,n, ,. prr. t 1[pLlJltq Ttq nsptoxsq 0n0U K0T0ro Oeppo ro opy0v0 Kor T0ug pueq rou neprveou. Iup-

vdperoL, dr1tr., potrtre r

ong ieuoupyLeg r1q oupr1o1g, rr19 orpoOeuorlg, Trlq oTUolq,rnq Kor oTrg yuvokeg ror rou rorero[. Av xrr ;dtrl 0rrrrKo-

eroneppolorlg vr(eroL

orlv

rorovoprl rou otdorirou veupou orov ovbpo,

rorovoprl rou

yuvolr<o e[vot nopdporo, 0Q0u T0 TUlp0T0 rou yuvorrelou neprvrl-

ou elvor 0v0l0y0 ere[volv rou ovDplxou.

deogo yuprrt ono rov nporro npoq T0 revrpo rou neprveou, oqp[(ovrog rov nporro roro ro peoo oBetrLoro en[nedo. H ev ra Bo1eL

gorpo, eniolg OorrutrLoeLbrlg, neprpotrtrer rov nporrrro oottrqvo oov nepilofpro. lVleprreq iveg rrlq rpepovroL or4v ovl0eq ntreupo. onou ouveXovrol pe rov enlnotrlg eyropoLo pu rou neplveou. H ev roi poOer golpo opX((er ono

ro revrpo rou neplveou Kot luvtxt"tor lE Tav rplUo rou ovetrrqpo puog rou rprDKTou. 1Boeu)uixo tru NeUporo4 (Erx. 3-10 ror 3-63). Ano ro roro orlroppoLDrro veupo Kor TOV neprveiro rtrodo rou 14, Apoo4. 0 e (o orpryrrrlp0q rou nptrlrrou evloXuer rr1 ouyxtreLoi.l rou nptorlrou ootrrlvo Kor T0u npotxrou. 'El,ret rov ttp0JKTLKO 00Jtr1vo npog ro epnpog, ou[ovovrog eror

H ev

qv op0onporrlrl

yotvLo.

Fo0er Uorpo rou ocpryrqpo evloXferor o'ourrlv Tlq rlv bpooq ono rov rlBoeu0uiro gu, rpqpo rou ovetrrrqpo TOU np0jKTou

(Err. 3-20B)

356

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

EEo arcLtn f tlc oupiepoc

Xonrvoc prKpav

xsnE0v M€on !-___n€prvtoroun

Maon - nnovro nrprv€orou li

( +--'-

npoKroc

x,,i Etxtlvo 3-62. Tunor nepLveoropqg.

ia-

Meo1, B. Meol

- lltroyro.

EntnonnC n€prrovio rou nsptv€ou

Onio)n oa\s!Ao v€upo On

aAn

oox€iK

ti o prnpio n€ptv€iKoC Kno6oC tou io? r ou Lt ti p oO € p Lt ot t Koi

BonBoanpoyV'6tlC

V€UPOU

LluC

KoTa n€pttovto tau aupoY€vvnu Kou 6!oQpoVLrotoC

laxoonpovV66nC Lruc

Entnonnc svKooaloc uuc

tau nEptv€ou

'r,'::i{lt:,

M€Voc

vnouttoioc

LtuC

Kota

Ltoppal't K n optn p to Av€nKmpoc Lruc tou nooKtoi

At6otiKoc oonnvo( KoTe

nsgv€iKoC Kno'oc Lou

o t l-rop

poi

v a Lt

Etxtivo 3-63. Atoropl ovbptro0 nepLvdou. lloporrlpeLore r0v npoJKro,0 0n0rog nepLpotr),eroL orro rov 9rj0pouq ero16po0ev.

elo

oQryKrlpo Tou

pr rouq

euOuroXLoxouq

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

0 6oo ogryxr{pog puq rou npoxrof (Err. 3-i9,

3A, 3-24,3-33 ror 3-47). 0 oxo1otoq our6q otpryxr4pog, o oro(oq neprpotrtrer ro duo ovtrt rpuqpopro rou nporlrof oortrrlvo, oXrl21

gor[(eror ono glo noXuvorl qg rur],orepoug olBobog rou rorXcilU0T0q r0u evr6pou. Neupdrveror ono ro nue,irra onAoyvtxo veipa (nopooupnoOqlro). 0 orpryrrrlpog ourog ovrtdpo orqv n[eoq nou oorouv ro ronpovo orqv ronpodoXo lrlruOo rou op0ou.

peoo ono rov eu0uioXroro po0po. To re),euro[o ro0forovror enrnotrqg, ro0drg roreu0uvovror npoq rrlv enrqovero yro v0 KorovrUl0ouv orov d{ro otpryrr4po rou nporrou ror ro beppo rr1q repurpolrrLrlg Xtirpog. A0o oro;r1 depporLro ve 0po, o dLolrpo(vrr.rv rtrodog

rou l2 rot l3 veupou, xo0trrg xor o neprveirog rtrodoq rou

0r eu0uioXroroi pri0por rpleypoivouv rdnoteq

veu-

Qopdq,

yeyovdq nou gnopei vo odrlyrloer orq 04proupyio eu0uioXLc-

ruv (noponpuxnxdw) onooq;lorcrrv. Aureg

nporlrou

pou, drooXr(ouv enioqg roug eu0uioXroroug Bo0poug.

Or eu9unpuxrrxof - eu1uioyroxof B60por Irrlv ro0e

357

or nuoderg outr-

orrrtrflvo ppioreror dvoq orpn-

troy6g eivor evoXtrqnxrlg ror enrrtduveq (Err. 3-52). 0r qtrey-

voerDqq Xtirpog, o onolog enevdueror ono nepLrovlo xor ovogo(eror

pov6g eivor duvorov vo enexroOo0v 0T0uq eu0uioXroroug

eu0uioXLorog depgorog

ntreupo rou

euOunporrrlr6g poOpoq. Evron((eroL pero[u rou

nporrrLxrlg Xrilpog

r<oL

Bo0poug Ue rouq orotrou0oug rpdnoug

rou drorppoyporoq Trlq nudiou

) gero ano xpunrt

ado, dqtr. rptreygovfl rov nptrlrnxdrv xriLnolv, (2) ond endrroor; evdg eulunueAuoi onloTn4orlq, (3) oov enordtrou0o pnils rou ptrevvoyovou rou npoKTof r<or (4) gerd'ono 6ropnepdq rpof po qq nporrLrrlg neproXqg. Io \nyvumLxd

(Ex. 3-17, 3-18, 3-55 3-63, 3-64 ror 3-71). H ropuqrl roOe eu0uioXroro0 poOpou ppioreroL npoq r0 novor, oro orlpeio erquorlg rou ovetrrrfpo rou nptrlrro0 ono rq 0upoerbrl nepLrovio. EneLbrl or ovetr-

rrrlpeq pueq rou nporrou dqproupyo0v dogll oXqgorog XulvLoti, or

oqpefu evdq eu1uloyLaxol onoorqparog e[vor ro oioO4po ntrrlpoqrog ror 11 euoro0qoio oqv neproXn Uero{u nparrrou

eu0uioXroroi poOpor eppovi(ouv n),orero poorl npog ro roro ror oreveuouv ilpoq T0 novor. H ropuQrl xo0e eu0uioXror<ou poOpou, ppC oreror nepfnou 6 er. novo ono ro tolloro xriprorpo. H pool roOe

ror roXroxtirv xupropdrtov. To on6oqpo qg neproXrlg ourrlq e[vor duvorov vo unoorel ouroporl pn[n npoq rov nporrrxd

Bo0pou oXrlporl(erot ono rrlv ev rol Bo0er nepuov[o roL ro 66ppo Tnq neprnpoKlrrlg neproX1g. Epnpog ol eu0uioXroroi poOpor ouveXovror fipoq ro novut Us T0 oupoyevvrlrrro drorppoypo onou Kor oxr]por[(ovror or npooOreg roLtroqreg roug. 0L XrrrpoL ourot ntrrlpouvror

oortr4vo, ro op06 rl r0 nâ&#x201A;ŹprrpoKlrd depgo. Fner6rl or d0o eu0uioXroxoI B60por enrrorvtrtvouv pero[U roug, ondorqpo orov rivo ono ourofg e(voL duvordv vo enexroOe( Kot orov

ono Xotropo ouvdelr6 roro. YndpXouv eniolg xor drjo onro0reg rortrorqreg, onou or geyotror y),oulo(or p0eq npoeleXouv novo ono

rog yriptrl ond rrlv onioOro poipo rou npcoxrou.

roug eu0uioXroro0g poOpoug. 0L dtlo eu1uioyLaxoi polpot enxotvuvo1v pero(A rouq novor ono rov npoKToKoKKUytro o0vdeogo (Err. 3-23 xor 3-34A). llpog ro nfoo ro0e B60poq enrKorvoJvel eniorlg xor pe

ro etroooov roXroro rprlpo, novtrr ono rov pet(ovo toyLoiepo oAv-

deopo (Err. 3-8A ror 3-55).

Oplo ralv eu0uio;lroxdrv B60pr,lv

elnplg

3-19, 3-55 ror

ono rq poorl Tou oupoysvvlrrrou drorppoyUoToq Kor Trq

nepuov(eq rou.

Ileprel6pevo rov eu0uio;lroxtilv B<i0pr.lv (Erx.

ond notruopr0peq roXupeg rvtirderg rorv(e g ror drorppoyporo. 0r rvotrrn6derg oureq po(eg unoorrlp((ouv rov nporlro ootrrlvo, euro-

tro oprrlg noperron((ovror yro v0 enLrpeq.rouv rq breupuvol rou orrrtr4vo, orov unoplouv rdnpovo o'ourov. 0 eu0uioXro-

rog ptlOpog nepreXer enloqg r4r eou oL6otlrr1 aprr1pio xot rptreBa xot ro adoilt<o veApo. To ororXe(o ouro nopeuovror oro ntroyro ro[Xtrrlro rou po0pou pdoo oe Lvdrdq otrtlrlvo, nou ovopo(eror ordorilx6g ouArlvog. llpog ro n(oo ro oyyeto ouro ror ro ordoriro veupo

d[vouv ro

roro

H Lvtirdqg ourq drodog olqporr(etor pre rov dloXrrlptopo qg 0upoerdoug neprrovlog ror evron[(eror oro n],oyro rorXol,ro rou eu0u-

orpoppoi6Lro oyyeio rot veupo, ro ono(o nepvouv

opqpio

roL qtr6po

ro069 ror ro ol6ot-

ixo veupo eLoepXovror orov ool,1vo ourov ono ro ei,oooov roXroro rpqpo, roro ono rqv roXrorq orov0o (ELr. 3-17, 3-61 ror 3-63). 0 ordotixog orrrtrrlvog opX((er roro ro on(o0ro opro rou eu0uioXrorou 960pou xor nopeueror ono ro el,oooov roXroro rp1po rovro oqv roXrorrl orovOo, ttp0q r0 onfoOro orpo rou oupoyevvrlrlrou drorppoyporog. Tperg dogeg oveup[orowot oro on[o0Lo orpo rou ordoLirou ototrrlvo: 4 eou otdotixq aprqpia, n 6ou oLlotlxn QAEBI xoL

3-17,

3-21, 3-61 ror 3-63). 0roq4voerdeig ouroiXtrtpor, orono[oL eivor yeporor ono potrord tr(nog, ro Loytonpuxttxo irnog, drooXi(ovror

npulrlroI

O ordorixSg ouA4vog

ioXLorou poOpou. H oLdoLirrl (ELx.

3-63). KoOe po0pog otpop((eror: ora nAoyn ono ro roXroro oo16 Kor rnv rortireprl ;.ro(po rou doo Oupoetdouq pu6q, npog Ta eou ono rov nporrrro oortrrlvo, onou npoorpuovror o ovetrxrrtpoq Uuq rou nprlrrrou ror o e[o orpryrr1pog rou nporrou, npoq ru nbu ono rov pe((ovo roltoiepo ouvdeopo Kor Tov peyotro yl,ourrolo pu KoI

titrtrov, pe onordtreopo 14 6r;ptoupyio rlprxurtrrxoti onooull.ro-

ro odotixo veApo (Erx.

3-1

0 roL 3-61).

adoilx1 ve1po e[vot oyedov onoxAttottxo une11uvo velpuo4 rou nepueou. Kovro oro 6[o orpo rou o16oriro0 To

yLa 14 orrl],r1-

v0, ro ordoriro veupo dtortrob[(eror ror dlvel ro poytoio veApo rou neouq (r1qg rtreLropfdog) ror ro veipo rou nepueou (Erx. 3-59 erog 3-61). To veupo ouro nopeuovror npog ro epnpog oe ro0e ntreupo qg 6oro ordorirrlg oprrlpiog. To vefpo rou neprveou dfve r r<trobouq yro ro doXeo (1 ro Xertr4 rou ordorou) xor ouveXl(et yro vo veupdroer roug pfeg rou oupoyevvrlrrrou 0rorppoyUoroq (ELr. 310). To poynio vilpo rou neoug g qg rtre rroprdog), ro onoro er-

vor oroOrllrd, nopeueror 0T0v ev

ro poOet neprveLro ldrpo (Err. 3578 xor 3-61) yro vo rpOooer oqv nepLoXrl onou rorovege:rl. H xoru oLpoppoidtx7 EAeBa nepvo ono ro roro orpo rou nporrrxou

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

358

EQiEota (OpoC rtiC AQpoOiutc)

Fnl

o*.s

F rr

h';.;iil

ttpoVVUnoC ouv6€aLna

:.: :

utc l.illtDac

AoKTUn o€btiC nooa€K6on€c rlinouc Kp€ t-t o at

po C au vd € aU oC

Tna Kn€ttaDi6oc BaNOvoC LI)C K11€tTopt60C

noaAti f tlc Kd€tLop60 C XctntvoC tnC Kns

trolila

nno[€n nspttovt(l

ttoQi6oC

aupn0pctc

EodAoonDovvoOnc I Iua Eral.tta Karlsau

oxt aait

Dovv0a

t I

EntnarlDC sVKopotoC t-tuc

n€DtvstKu tt€tIDclvtl

tou n€prv€ou

EUOUJoX]OKaC

0aepaC

n p(iKraC

Erxtivo 3-64. Arorogrl yuvorrelou neprvdou. llopoqpelore ro noXog rou enrQovaoKou trtntldoug lorou oro sQl9010 Kor rrq syKuoropeveg dorrutroerdeLg npooerpoLrlg tr(noug o'ouro.

llopoqpelore enloqg roug eu0uroXroroug Bo0pouq, eror6po0ev rou nporlrou

or.otrrlvo.

oqv eoa atdotilxrl rpAeBl ptoo orov o16orrro ootr1vo. H qlepo ourl ovooropdlvrror Ue rrlv ovtrl orlroppoi6rrq qlepo nou ov1xer oro nuAa[o EAeBrco oloqpo (pI. ELr. 2-83).

H upevdr6qg oup{0po (Err. 3-10, 3-17, 3-29, 3-30, 3-33, 3-37 ror 3-38). H npoororlr1 Uoipo rrlq oupn0poq, 1 npdrrq po(po,

To ov6prx6 nepfveo

oortrqvo yro vo e rpotrtrer

To ovdprrd nep[veo neprtroppovet rov nporrtro ootrrqvo, uUevtildn Kor Trlv oripoyyrir61 po(po

ooxeou ror rou neoug.

ouptt0poq rol

p[(o rou

oro roppol rrlg nu5trou. H pepppovtirbqq Uoipo rnq oupl0poq,4 deurepl po(po, elvor ro nro BpoXu (1-2 er. UrlKoq), Lenro ror (pe e{orpeol ro 6[o oropro qq oupll0poq) orevo rptllro nepLypotperor

ouprl0poq. Errefveror ono rrlv ropurprl rou npoororq p6Xpt rov

BotrBo rou neoug, onou peronfnrer orr] onpoyytirdl oupi1Opo. H upevtldqq ouprlOpo btooX((er Tov ev To poOer neprveiro Xdtpo,

onou neprpotrLeror ono rov orpryrr1po Uu qq oupt1Opoq Kot Tlv neprveirl pepBpovq (dqtr. qv xoro nepuov[0 T0u 0upoYevvrlrtrou

NYEAOZ KAI NEPNEO

dtotppoyporog) l'1too K0t oT0 nloyLo rrlg upevtldoug ouprl0pog, oleBrxri nopol6reuon rou 6o;1eou (Err. 3-66). or xot oe rooe nleupo qg, oveup(ot<ovTot ot pLxpot potrpoupqOpo(ot ooxeireg qleBeq ouvobe0ouv rrg oprrlpieg ror rorotrrlyouv eodeveg xor ol trenro[ errpoprlrLroi roug nopor. (Err. 3-r 'Trq {trr ordorireg qtrepeq.

B).

H orevoqro

NeUpoorl rou 6oyeou (Eu 3_18,3_61 r<or3_63). To npo_ o0ro rpqgo rou ooXeou veupotveror ono ro ,{ayoro BouBuvu<o ve|_ p0 K0r TO on[o0ro ono rov peoo ror ntroyLo ooXeiro rtrodo rou ve|_

upevtirdoug ouplOpog eivor onorrl_ treopro rou rovou rou orpryrrrlpo pu rqg oupqOpog. To r<uxtrorepSg ouro puird nepiptrrlpo rrlg ro0roro rrlv upevtirdrl po[po

plu rlu

neptveou, ro0tog xot ond rov neprveiro rLodo rou oni_

trryorepo drororo rprlgo rrlg ouprlOpoq. E{orrLog rou trenrou rrlg roLXrrtporoq, T0 eo&jTeprKo rpqpo qg ouprl_

o0 to u pr1 podep UarrKOU ve u pou.

0pog efvor euo],o.rro ror dlorp6ler rov x[v6uvo 0rorpqorlg

73. ptr. enLorlg

roro rq 0Lo6o ouprl0pu<ou

r<oOerqpo

Aepglxli nopo;1dreuo4 rou 6o1eou

n plinC or4 dLopxero

mou g enmo

otuXilporog.

To nepLeXopevo rou ooXeou, or opXeLg. xor ro neprBtrqporo roug (Err. 3-33) neprypoQovTor oTO reqotroro rrlg xortriog (gI. Kep. 2) '0notg ovoqeperor ere[, ro ooXeo ovonruooeror ono pro erptro_ orrlol rou depporoq rou npoo0rou roLtrrorou roLXrrtporog (ptr. ELr<. 2-12 ru 2-15. llrv. 2-Z) Io ooXeo etvor evoq dcpgorr_ 1o,\oprig,

xrig, rvo;tuodqg ooxog nou Bproxeror nioo ror roror ono ro neog xol roro ono rrlv rlpLxq ou;upuorl (Erx. 3_33 3_54, 3_56 ror 3_65). 0 oXlporropog rou ono duo roropotreg yLveror rpoveprl ono rrlvpo_ p4 rou ooyeou roro rriv peorl ypopgr.l (ELr. 3_54). q ono[o ouveXi_ (eror, orrlv rortrlorr; enrtpovero rou neoug, ac, po2n rou nEoug xar nloot roro prlrog rqg peorig ypopprlq TOU nsprveou rpoq TOV npo]_

rro, og porpq rou nepruEou. To ooXeo ouviororor ono deppo ror

rov dopro pu (ptr. ELr. 2-12).0 doprogpug, o onoLog npoorpueror oroOepo oro deppo, onoreLelror roro xupro troyo ono le(eg puireg tveg, oL onoleg ouonutvror rorut ono

qv enidpooq r.].ruXoug, orrtlLo_ rLr4g oor4o4g r<or oe(ouotrrrou epe0topou. Koror ono oureg rrg ouv0rlreg ro rolXropo rou ooleou eLvot ortrrlpo ror pproreror oe

ouonoo4, evdr ro deppo rou elvor purrDo.rpevo. H ouonoorl rou doprorj Kor rou Kpepnor4po puog

rlv

ovu{rotoq

rou rioXeou npog rov xoplro.

Odpgorog

YrO rriv onopotrrl r4g oeppdrrlrog. To ovrovoxtroonro ouro rou ooXeou Borl0ouv orq OLorrlp4or1 oroOepqg 0epporpooL_

og, treuoupy[o nou e(vor no],u or1;.rovtrrr1, ro0tirg n onepUoToyevsor1 (oXrlpolop6g onepporog) ovooretrLeror oe orpo! eg 0eppoxpooLeg. Iroug rlhxrotgrlvoug ovDpeg o doprog ver rov rovo rou Kor

Xo_

ro ooXeo

dXer rrlv

roorl vo elvor nto

To neog eivol ro opyovo ouvouolog rou ovdpo ro0tig xor rorvrl e(odog oupov ror onepporog (Err. 3_33, 3-38, 3_5g ror

po_

troxo ror vo KprUâ&#x201A;ŹTor nro Xo;u1tro.

Arp6roo4 rou do;1eou

(Err. 3_244, 3_594, 3_63 roL 3_ otdotixeq opr1pbg rporpoborouv rrlv npooOro enrqo_

vtr0 T0u ooXeou ror or eoo ordoLir<eg opr4preq rrlv onioOro entrpo_ vero. To ooXeo d6Xeror enLorlg rtroboug roL ono qv opXrxq rot rrlv rpegooqpro oprnp[0.

65 eotg 3-70). Iuvrororol ono rpio xu),rvdpLro ootporo oqpoyyo.r_ 6oug orurrrou rorou, ro onoro neprpotr),ovror ono nuxvo rvrrtdrl Xr_ rtlvo, roy Aeut<o yLrdva. Eloreptro rou treurou pp(oreror Xrrcirvo n ev Tu Ba1et nepnov[a rou neouq, 11 onoro oX4porL(er rlvo ror_

vo neptptrqpo yupor ono ro duo orlpoyyrrtdrl otirporo rou neoug roL ro oqpoyyrrrdeg oot;Lo 11g ouprlopog. To Drlpgo rou ne oug efvot notru trenro, oroupoXptrtlLo xor Xotropo. To duo ono ro rp[o orurr_ r<o orr.rporo,

ro o4poyyti6rl o6paro rou neouq, ppforovror rono-

ro 6vo dintro oro oltro orrl poXroio enrqovero r0u neoug. Io or1poyy66eq oupo r4g oup4Ipag, ro ono[o pp(oreroL Oerqpevo

orr;v roltrror<1 enlqovero rou neoug, nepreXe L r4 oqpayy66rl lLoi_ Tng ouprl0pag. To buo oqpoyyrrtdri oo.rporo rou ne oug evdrvo_ vr0L ovr[ororXo npog rrlv peori ypoUUl, errog ono rrlv on[o0ro potpo roug onou onoXatp[(ovror yro vo oXqporioouv ro d0o ox6_

,{4. To

orrlll

npoorpuovror, de(Lo xot oprorepo, oroug ouorotXoug

rorto qBoioXroxoug xtroOoug, xor orqpr(ouv ro orlpoyytrtDeg odrpq 14g ouprl0pog, ro onoio Bprorerot peroIu ror roro ono roug qpo_

ioXtoroug r<troboug. To neog onoretrefrot ono r4v

eXeL

o rotpog eivol notru (eorog, ro ooXeo loloprrrver ror e_ nupener oroug opXerg vo xpripovror etreuOepo poxpro ono ro otirlro. Eror e{oogotri(eror peyotrurepq enrrpovero

66) 0r i{a

Ar.,q

To n6og

To 6oyeo

oov 0noretreopo '0rov

(ELx. 3_598 roL 3_

2-22). To treprpoyyero rou ooXeou rorotrqyouv B o u B av x o Aq,\e1rpodeyec.

Etr<,.

p(o

xotro oti-

pa. H poXro(o (on(o0ro) enLtpove ro rou neoug, oTpeQeTor np0q nfoor, orov T0 nroq pprorerot oe oruoq Kor npoq ro epnpog xotroprl tpoorl. H poxq rou neoug ouvexeror

!s ro npoo0Lo ro rolXopo. H atrtrr1 rou enrqovero ovorp6peror og rottrrorrl 0prrfi) enrqovero.

r<ortrro(oupr1_

H pi(a rou neouq, 11 poLpo rou nou npooqueror orov roppo (Etr. 3-38 3-528, 3-63, 3-65 r<or 3_66), pptor<eror oTOV entnoArlg

neprveiro Xtirpo, perolu rqg neprveirrlq pepppov4g npog ro novct Kor Trlq enrnotrqg nepLrov[og rou neprv6ou rpoq r0 rorro H pr(o 0noreLe[ror ono ro oretrri, rov Botrpo (rou orlpoyyrrtdoug odrporoq qg ouprl0pog), ror roug gueg nou oXel(ovror pe ouro (polpooq_ poyyrrrdeLg). 0 poAB69 rou otlpoyyudouq o'porog rr19 oup4lpoq pp[oreror pero(u rotv oretrutv, orov entnotrrlg nepLveiro Xatpo To dreupuopevo on[o0Lo TUriU0 lou poipou. drorupotveror rTpoq T0 novot ono rr1 orlpoyyo.rDrl po(po rrlg oupq0pog. To oripo rou neoug (ELr. 3-33, 3_65 rot 3-66) ervoL 11 etreu0e_ .Errog pq po(po rou, 1 ono[o olope[ror orov pp(oreroL oe Xotroo1. ono triyeg puireg deopideg rou Botrpooqpoyyo-rdoug puog xovro

MINIKH ANATOMIA

360

0Tl pi(0 ta

lula

r0u n€aug 6ev EyeL grieg. Anorelelrot ono ro duo olpoyyrL-rd1 orLrporo rou n6ouq Kot r0 0rlpoYYtldeg odtpo qg oupq0poc roL rotrunreroL ono drippo. Iro nepLqeptro orpo rou n6ou -t ppioreror q paAavoq rou ntouq (re qoll). Anore),e I rpqpo rou olpoyyrLrboug odrporoq rrtq ouplopog. H onpoyYtidnq UoQa

aupnlpag pprorerot Ueoo or0 olpoYYtodeq odrpo rrlq rot roro rrlv nopeio rqg dtooxi(er rr1 pt(o rot ro otitl,to rou n6ouq. Enop6vtr-tg onoreLeI ro Uorprjrepo rprlpo rrlq ouptl0poq. [leptqe ptxo, ro o1poyyrrrbeq otirpo rrlq ouprl0poq dteup0verot Yt0 v0 OxrlU0T[oet 14u xuvLxrl BoAavo rcu n6oug, ro roltr0 rrlg onotog rotr0nret ro etre uoug (Etr. 3-38

0epo ruqtro orpo rov or'lpoYYtr.ldtov otlportlv rou ne ror 3-69). H Botrovog eUQovt(eL peyotr0reprl ouYKsvTpool oto0qrt-

rdrv onotrr1[eov ono ro unotrotno odtplo rou n6ouq rot 0Jq tK TOUrou e[vor e[otpertro euo[001q oe rpuotro epeOloporo (Masters ei al., 1 9BB). To oorp6q opro

rlg

Fotrovou rou neoug, nou ovopo(eroL

oreEav4 rnq BoAovou, npo5Xet ono ro opto rov orlpoyytldtiv otr.tporov rou n5oug. llpo$otrtreL novot ono p(o tro[t1 o0troro n0u ovo-

TOU reouq. To oXtopoet66g ovotygo rnq onp0YY0douq oupll0pog, nou ovopo(erot e{a; ouprl0pLx6 lTlpto, pp[orerot

po(eroL ouXevog

rovro orrlv ropuqq rrlg potrovou (Etr. 3-65, 3-67 rot 3-68).

66ppo roL ot nepuovleq T0u ileouq rorotrrlyouv oe Uto etreu0epr] dtn6rotr1 nruXq rou ddpporog, rqv axponoo1to, 11 onoio rotrunrel q po\ovo oe otrtrore otrtrr1 6xrooq (Etr. 3-33 3-35 3-67 rot 3-68). Mio nruxrl roro

qg roro enttpove[og, o yaLtvog qv ev rol Bo0et ortpodo rrlg noono

peorl ypopprl

r4g oxponoo7lag q6perot olpeio orptp6q rorot ono ro e[io oropto rt1q ouptt-

oOqq peXpr 6vo opoq

H pr(o,

otrlgo xot

potrovoq Tou neouq dlvouv pte

oqq

onoyydrbrl evr0nooq, enetdq onore),ouvrot ono o4payy(td7 oruuxo rcr6, o onofoq ouv(otorot ono btontreropevouq 16poug nou enxorvovouv perol0 roug (Etr. 3-698 rot t) Kot oro rp[o onpoYYtit61 otirporo rou n6oug, ot Xtirpot ourof Xutp((ovrot ono Lvtirdl Dtorppoygoro ror yepi(ouv pe oipo roro rq orriol. To popoq rou otituoToq

TOU

n6oug ouyrpore[rot ono buo ouv65opoug, ot ono[ot ou-

O€an rou an€pLtctuKou

rovou oto ooxto

(0n

tt€Qovn

TtlC

EtK.

664)

Ponovou

TOti ntaLJc

Bonovoc Lou n€auC

Erxdvo 3-65.

n6og r<ot ro 6oXeo O€oti oprotEpoj opx€oC

oto oax€o

ovdpo 27 er6v. H gotrovog elvor yupvf1, 6rorr Il oKponooO(o eXer oqorpeOei pe nepuoprl.

To B6trog de(Xvet ro 6[to oropLo qg ouprl0poq.

NYEAOZ. KAI NEPINEO

361

EntnonnC (€€etEprKoC) liouBovtKoC 60Kt0ntoC 'E€(d

apxrKti ootnaio

Kp€ltoorup0C

ansppouKti

nspttovio

A0Vavo0ouB0wKa v€upo

LtuC

MripoV€vvnttKo vsupo

K ps

l-t o

ot t1 po

tou n€auc

C a u v6 €o

l-t

,n€ppouKoC nopoC

Poxtoio On€po tou n€ouc En

tKost6€c Qns BtKo

n€vLto Poxtoto oprnpto Kot v€ilJo tou n€ouC

Ent66Lttlt6o

EE(D

on€pLtouKti

ntpttovio

Eonovoc rou n€ouc

np6oets oUrtl

Ev to 6o0sl plxnio Qn€po

Poxtoio vsupo

tau n€ouc

Poxtoto opulpto

fnpow(D'sc aopo rou nseuc

,npoVV66tlC ouptiepo

&ri

,ttpov/ddsC adlto rtlC oupn1po\

BonPoC

EK€noC

tou n€oua

Etxtlvo 3-66. A. Avorop4 T0u nsouq, T0u ontppoTrKOU T0v0u Kor T0u 0oxr0u n ortor0 0n0K0I0ttTrr T0 oyysr0 Kor ro veup0 T0uq, B. Eyropoto dtouqroq Tlq pt(oq rou n60uq. T0 dtlppo roL o tvtirdlq Lorog nou ouyrporouv ro olpoyytirdrl odr;loro pero[u roug rlXouv orpolpe0ei. l-lopoq-

rop| oro

pelore orL 1 olpoyytitdlq porpo

ouprtopoq eivor Drorerop6vrl ovrlororXo npog r0 potrBo roL oXlpor((er rov evdoBotrpLxo Boopo.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

362

vdxovror Us Tnv neprTovlo

TOU

neouq.

0 o(pevdlvltdng l1vde-

treur1g ypoUUlq (pI. Erx. 2-9) rot XopL(eror oe 6uo Udpl, evo yro ro0e ntreupo TOU neouq. 0 xpepaor1pog oAvdeopoq (Err. 3-66) noproro noXuvorl Tlq enr-

ogog exqferor ono

rorol po[po

voBouBuvtxo veApo, tov neprveixo r),060 rou on[o1tou lt4podepltotrcoA veApou K0r T0uq onioOroug ooXeiroug rtrodouq rou ve[pou r0u neprveou.

notrqg neprrovioq pe rq popqq pLoq noXroq, rpryovrrrlg rvoe),oorr-

rrlq troprdog. ErqueroL ono

npooOro enrrpovero

qBrrlq

orjUQuolq K0r QrpsTor np0q r0 roro. ALXo(eror yr0 v0 oXlporloer 0qtrto, q ono[o oulLtpIeTor Ue qv ev ror po0er nepuov[o rou neouq

oro orlgelo onou evtrlveror ro orlvlro pe ro etrefOepo rpflpo rou opyovou (6qtr. erei onou rpegerot oq Xotroprl rou roroorooq, Err, 3-65

r<or

3-66).

Arp6rtoorl rou n6oug (Err. 3-10, 3-18, 3-63, 3-66 xot 367). 0L opqpreq rou neoug e[vor: (1) ot poynieq apr4pbg, ot ono[eg nopeuovroL gero(f rov orlpoyyodrirv orrrporov rou n6oug,

erorepoOev rrlg ev To po0eL poXroloq qtrepog, (2) ot ev ru Bo0eL lpr4pbg, or ono(eg 6rorupo[vouv ro or5trr1 roL nope0ovror prloo oro olpoyyrirdrl odrgoro ror (3) 4 BoABLxtt apr1pio, nou eroepxeTor

exoneppdnoq e pqovr(er 6uo rpooerq. ApXrro enrre-

4 exporl rou onepporog KoL Tov errpioeov rolv oneppolrdv nopov oqv npoororrrl rot upevtirdq poipo rqg ouprl0poq. Touro orpe[],eror orov neproro],rropo rov eKonspu0Tr0rr<rrrv nopov KOr 0nspuoTrKtirv tr1r00ov, roOtitg xor orq o0onool rov Botrpoupq0po(ov odevorv Kor Tov tre(ror

tre[ov liurirv rou npooror4 . H erpo4 rou onepparcg eAeyyuot ano ro oupna14ttxo. H exonepporLo4, yttoa Tlq oqpoyyrirdouq ouprl0poq, etrdyXeroL ono ro nopoouprnoOqn-

xo. H exonepporrorl ouvodeferor ono xtrtrrvLr<i1 ouonooq Botrpoolpoyyrirdouq Kor rou roXroorlpoyyrirdouq puoq

rou

(Woodburne and Burkel, 19BB). H

ovoroprrti Fdoq rqg orrioqg

(Eu<.

3-63, 3-

nut-

66 ror 3-69). '0rov evog ovdpog epe0rore( oe[ouotrLxo, or treie g puir6q iveg rov Lvrrldtilv doridov Kor rov etrrroerdtrlv

opqpuirv. 0r ev ro Bo0eL opqpreq onoreLouv ro rupro rpotpodorrro oyye (o yro roug orlpoyyrirdeLg Xropoug (orurrrog rorog) ror rov rpr6v olpoyyodrlv ooUoTov K0r K0-

oprrlprrov Xotroptirvouv, Aoyu rye?Lo1to0 rou nopaoupno1qnxoA.Iov onor6Le ogo, or opqp(eg eu0ero(ovror, 0 0utrog rouq 6reupuveror ror dreurotruveror q poq rou olprorog

ro ouvenero eplntrerovror orrl oruol rou neouq. Ano ro oyyelo ouro npoepXovror notruopr0por r),odor, or onoiol erBotr),ouv roreuOefov oroug orlpoyy6derq Xopoug. 'Orov ro neog pproreroL 0s Xotrooq, or opqptoxoI ouroI r<],oDor etvoL nepre],Lyl.lrvor K0r yro ro tro-

p6oo oroug oqpoyytldeLg lrirpouq. To oilro ntrr;ppupi(er toug Xtitpoug ouroug Kor r0uq 6rore[ver. 0 potrpooripoyyrir6qg roL 0 roxroorlpoyytirbqg gug ougnLe(ouv ro tptrepLro

oe ro0e ntreupo. 0r poXroleg Kor or rv dot rotv

mu adotixuv oprnpruv.

tro og xtrodor

rov 6oo

Bo0e r

opqpieg elvor r],0-

or onoreq srorpXOVror 0Trlv

troyovru.rv

yo ouro ovogo(ovror etrrroerde[g oprrlpieq Otreprxrj nopo;1ereuo4 rou neoug (Err. 3-29, 3-55 3-66 ror 367). To ofpo ono roug orlpoyyrirde Lq Xulpouq nopoXereueror peoo.r

rcu rpAeBxo1 nleyporog nou xoro),1yer oTrlv ey ru po?u paytofu pieBa, nou Bpioreror oTlv ev rot Bo0er neprrov[0. H tptr6po ourl

ro poOer npoq TOV ropoporo ofvdeogo rqg flp1q ror ovooropurveror Us r0 npoorouxo EA;Brco nAEypa. To olgo ono ro neptBlqporo rou neoug nopoXereueror ono rqv entnoA4q poytoio

nopeueror ev

rpiipo

r<or

xorotrrlyer orqv enrno,l4g 6€u oLdoLlxi rpAela.

Aep<prrri nopo;16reuon

rou n6oug

ntreyporo orqv nepLqepero Tov onpoyytodtirv otoporolv r<or nopegno6((ouv qv nopoX5Tsuorl Tou tptrepLrou oLporog, pe ouvenero ro rp(o onpoyyrirdrt odrporo vo peye00vovroL

xor vo ro0lorowor ovetroorrrd, ev6 ro neog epqovi(er oruoq. Mero ono rr;v eronepprorrorl Kor Tov opyoopo (xop0rptrrorl qg epolrrlg npoqlq r1 eptrtlxdrv oregeov), ro neog enovdpXeror orobrord oe roroorooq Xotroor1g. Auro oqefteror oe epe8rogo rou ougno0qrrroU, nou npoxotref ouonoorl rolv trefov puir6v rvrirv rov e],Lroerddrv opqpLov. 0 potrpoorlpoyyrir6qg ror o r0xr00npoyydrdqq pug Xotropdr-

(ELr. 3-598). To

vouv, enrrp6n0vT0q rrlv porl nepLooordpou olporoq npog

trepqoyyero ono otrortrqpo oXedov ro neog rorotrlyouv oTOUq €rt-

rLq Qtrepeq. To o(po nopoXereueroL opyo ono T0uq onp0y-

Boupuvxo1q MpEodereg. To treprpoyyeio ond rq Botrovo rou neoug rorotrlyouv oTOUq ey ru Ba1eL poupuwxo1g Aegpade-

ytldeLg Xtirpouq orrlv

noLr1q

rv rtrl Bo0er

poXrolo rptrdpo rou

ndoug.

veq

Nerlpooq rou n6oug (Eu<. 3-10, 3-36 3-61, 3-63, 3-66 xot 3-67). To poytob ve1po rou nioug onoretrel rov 6vov er rotv 6uo relrrdlv rtrobtov rcu aLdotixoi velpou, ro qtrtro elvor ro veupo T0u ntprveou. To poXtoio ve0po opXL(eL

orov oldoliro otrrtrrlvo xor

nopeueror rpog r0 egnpoq p6oo orov ev ro po0eL neprveiro Xdlpo. llopeueror orrl ouveXero orqv poXrl rou neoug, onou qeperor

oro ntroyro rov oprrlpriirv. Koroveperor rooo oro 6dppo, ooo r<or orrlv potrovo rou n6oug. To ndog elvor n),o0oro oe veuprreg ono-

lq[etg ro0e eldoug, tdro(repo 1 potrovog, ror eror elvol no],u euo[oOqro. Io orlpayydd4 velpo ano ro rorol unoyoorpLo nleypo tpdpovror ptlorr.r rou oupoyevvlrrrou dtotppoyporog p6Xpr ro neog. To 6eppo nou ro),unrer rqv p((o rou neoug veupdrverol ono ro,\oyo-

H o4poyyrir6qg ouprl0po (Err. 3-33 3-35 ror 3-66 eorq 3-69). Anoretrei rr1 porp0repq porpo qg oup[0pog (pe plrog 15 doq 16 er.). llope0eror Ueoo orov potrpo rol ro odrpo r0u 0lp0yqg oupl0poq xor roro),qye I oro e{a 0T0lJto Tqg

ytir6oug oroporog

oupq1paq,

orevorepl

poLpo

rqg. 0 outroq rrlq oqpoyydrdouq

ouprl0pog eXer 6Loperpo nep[nou 5 Xr],., ou[overor rov potrpo yrO v0 oxlUOTloe r rov u6oBoABtxo Bo1po Kot rnv BoAavo yro v0 oXqUoTbttto oxoEoeLd4 pogpo. Erordpo0ev qq Ueolq ypoUUnq, oTO KrvTprKo rplgo Tlq olliorpog

oprrrg ovr[ororxo npoq

poyytrrdoug oupn0poq oe onoorool neplnou 3 er. ono Tnv nspr-

veixq pepBpovl, erBotrtrouv or Lenroi nopor rov BoABoup71patuv odEvav, ro oropro rov onofotv e[vor notru urrpo. Irlv oupnOpo

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

Poxroto v€upa Kot

opillpn

AvooratLoon

363

OrltCiv

Enrnonic ooxtoio An€0o tr,.CJV,r 6itnovou

*.,*:j:lr;1 ..J

Bonovoc

E€o aropto ouphepoc a1i3;,q--.tt,.

1,:-..

+++iff i{E:*,F}rlii+-., ..,,!

XontvoC oKponoo0toC

A€pLto

,Lpol-tct x0rl0pou ouvA€TtKou tatou

0oA€t n€pttovto

tou n€auc

tup1vvodtc o()lto (s ltn€ pt€ xa t tn anp0'/ y'04,'

..,

.;n

1vvsto Kol vsupo

l.toipo utc oup[]aooc

Erxtlvo 3-67. Avoropq r0u 0ou0r0q r0u [ri0uq. To rp(o

ruri.orspl K0lupu0T0 r0u n60uq 6xouv ovoonooOe[.

E{0 atotlto utc ouDnAD0c

a ::

i [;t6(i

oKCt

Qo€ r6ou C p

o)pau

l.lsv0rlo llo0Oto Atnc 6oApD K1t ara|10 011€t/vo60v ct6€vov ,J€ JTIXAUC

Erxdvo 3-68. Tp1po rou 06UoToq rou neouq oT0 0roi0 eooreprK6

6XeL y(ver

snrUrlKlq dtoroprl oTlv K0ttrroKrl (ouptt0ptrn) entqov€t0. Enopdvtrtg Btr6noupe ro llopoqpetore ro eupu evTunopo (Ueyotro Bo0pio), To ono[0 6XeL rtrt-

poXroloq enupovelog Tlq 0r]p0yy6d0ug porpog rnq oupnOpoq

vrrrl olpooio, Dr6n elvoL duvordv vo nopepnodloet rr1 6ro6o Tou K00erlpo,

364

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

ttsQ0vn

TnC

0onovou

tou n€ouc

AtlQpoVl_to tou n€ouc

,npoVViOEC

tTUilK0c totoC Lt)c 0onovou tau nSauc

a6to

tou n€ouc

tKoQo€tdnC

0o0poc

tDpoVy66nC Ltoipo il)c ouptl0poc

t^.

r-1,

,n,,

,ror,

@upn0po)

,t)powu6€C a0Lto tou n€ouc

Aptot€ pa

AsFto

YttsvuOnC l-toiDo tt)C auPnAPoC

ttsQovn ttiC lict rl o

l-w

Eon0oC rou n€ouC

vou

'llti

Bonovoc tau n€ouc

,tipoVV06EC 06t_to tnC oupti]poC

Etxtlvo 3-69. A. To enine6o rov eyropottrtv T0Fov Tlq Botrovou r0u ntouq rou oxrlporog B r<or l-. To rpqporo rou neouq urrq 0,.0 0v0r0ur.l Q0(v0vr0t oT0 A. lloporqpeLore Otl ro oqpoyydrdeg odrpo rqg ouprt0poq eprneprdxet rr1 oqpoyytirdrl poipo rr1g. H Botrovog rou n6ouq eqoppo(er oov roluppro oro rurpLo orpo rorv oqpoyyoOdlv orrrporulv rou n6oug, onog deixveL ror q errovo 3-3g.

oveupr0K0vT0r sltronq T0 urKpoT0T0 oTour0 TOV noporv rotv ptrev-

va66v lupnepLK(i)v odevuv. 0r odeveg ouTol e(vor notruoprepor oTn poxr0(0 KUptoq snrqovsr0 rrlq

olp0yy60ouq U0ipoq Trlq oupn-

opoq.

Aprqpfeg xor rptrepeg r4g ovdprxrig oup{0pog (ELr. 3-18, 324A,3-59A ror 3-66).0r oprrlpieq 14g elvor rtrodor oprrlpr6v nou dtovtlpovror oro opyovo, ond ro ono[o brepXeror 1 oupr10po. Eror, xtrodor rtov npoorolrtirv opqpuirv orporrrlvouv ro rpqpo qq ouprl0pog nou dt6pXeror ono rov npoordrrl, evtir q Botrprrrl opqpro ror q oupq0prr4 opqpio rorov6govror oT0 neprqeprKo rprlpo Trlq 0u-

xoi veApou.0r neprooorepeq npoooyoyriq rveg ono qv ouprlgpo nopeuovror gt rc nueAxo onAayvxa rzeupa. Neupo ono ro npoorolro ntr6y;r0, ro ono(o npoepXeror ono ro roro unoyoorpto ntrdypo, drovrlpovrot oe otreg rLg poipeg rqq ouprl0pog.

Av ror ro peyeOog rou ndoug, drov our6

eLvoL Xotro-

pd, norxfttrer xord nolu oe drorpopelro[g ovdpeq (Ue U6o4 lpq 9,5 ex.), 4 drorUpovorl ourrl eivoL notrri gxprirep4 6rov ro n6og pp(oreror oe oruorl. EroL, or ovdpeq Ue oxelrd grrpd n6og oe Xotrooq, nopouord(ouv peyotruteprl oulq-

pfep0q. 0l duo reLeuro[eg onoretrouv rtrodoug rr;g eoo otdotix4g aprr1pfug.0r qtrepeq ouvoDeuouv lq oprrlp(eg ror 6Xouv ovotroyo

on'dl or ovdpeq Ue UeyotrUrepo Xotropd nriog (Masters et al., i 988). Inovro yevvrou-

ovoporo.

vror oyripto penoAu gxpo neog (pxporepo on6 2 er.), evcir geprx6q Q0peq n xordoroorl ourl oqefteror oe roorgrl ove-

Nedpoo4 rrlg ovdprxrjg ouprjOpog (ELx. 3-24A, 3-36 ror 3-61). To ve0po qg ovdprr4g ouprlOpoq onoreLorjv rtroDoug rou ordori-

or1

rou dyxou rou roro 14 oliorl,

ndprero reoroorepov4 g,

NYEAOZ KAI NEPNEO

H oqpoyyridqq oupr10po, 6rop6rpou nep(nou 5 Xrtr., pnope( vo drore(veror opxero dlore vo enrrptinel 14 Dio6o e-

H oxponoo0(o e[vor ouvr"lOtog opxero e],oolrr1 roore vo pnopei vo rpoprdror n(oor ono rr1 potrovo, ev rofrorg oe

vog epyotre(ou dLoperpou nepinou 8 Xrtr. To 6lto oropro rrlq ouprl0pog onoretrel ro orevorepo, otrtro ror trrydrepo 6roro-

rpoBr6ror euxotro,

16 or;peio rr1q. Enoprlvog rivo ripyovo,

(eror qipoo4.

opLopevoug ovdpeg eqoppd(er orprXro

ro ono[o nepvd ontl ro oropro ouro, 0o np6neL vo pnopei vo nepooer ono olo ro otrtro rpqporo rqg oupr1Opog . H orcvuo4 rqg oup4lpog pnope[ vo e(vor onordtreopo e{toreprxou rpofporog rou ne-

nlyn

Iqv

or4 Fdtrovo xqr

dev

ror ro8otrou. H rorooroo4 our4 ovopro_ orponooOio unopXouv 0rogoponoulp6-

ouooopeurei p5oo oro 0utroro rqg orponoo0[og ror vo npo_ roLeoeL epe0ropo. 0 0utrorog qg orponoo0ioq gpioxeror

ouprl0pog XprloLgonororlvror erdrro epyotrero, tlore vo dror00ei q oupq0po (n.X. yro rr1 6iodo xuoreooxon[ou, ELr. 332). To eooreprxo rrlg ouprl0pog eivor buvor6v vo etreyX0e(

q po4Oero epyotreiou, ro onoio rpoll(eror

v0t oUnypoToyrivor oddveg, ro trrnopd 6xxprgo rov onoiolv, nou eXeL ruptiOrl o0oroorl xor ovopd(eroL opnypo, pnopeL vo

oug ri qtreypovrlg rr;g ouprl0pog.Koro rov roOerlploopo rr;g

365

Uero[u

potrovou Kor

orponoo0rog (ELr. 3-67).

opLopdvn orogo, ro oropto rr1g oxponoo1iag efvor rooo ore-

vd, rfore orov

on6 qtrerrpr-

oxponooOio rpoprllOer niotrl ono rr1 potrovo,

oupnte(eL rov ouXrlvo rou n6oug oe reroro Bo0pri, drore vo

roL ovogo(erot oup40poox6nLo.

nopepnodi(erar ri nopoX6reuorl rou olporog rot tou uypou

6roup40plxriq xo0er4proopdq exretreLror ge oron6 rrlv onoporpuvo4 rtov oriptrlv oe oo0eveig nou dev pnopouv

rov Lorov ano

vo oupqoouv. llpoyporonorelroL, en(or1g, orov enrpotrtreror 4 trr1Qr; oreipou Oeiyporog oupov ono r4v oupodoXo r0orr1. Koro qv eLooyo.ryn roOer4pov ror oreil,e6v npdner vo trog-

vou efvor buvotov vo ou(r10er 16oo, r0ore 11 orponooOio vo pn Lrnoper vo enovetrOer orrl 06011 rrlg. Ie rdroreg neprnrtl_

povovroL unoQrl or ropnrlg

vr104 prrpq XeLpoupyrxq en6ppoorl

petog AgepLxqg. p0trtreroL ono

qq oupq0pog (ELr. 3-33 roL 3-668), 6ptog 6vo gLrpo qg ugevrrrdoug oup4opog nopolr6ver onpoordreuro.

vor oro np6o0ro xorl,toxrj ro[Xtrtpo,

tetref o unoonodiog.

Irrlv

nro ontrr1 rou ;ropqr1, rou potrovrr1[or orogro r4g ouprl0pog ppLoretor orqv xortrrorrl enrgovero qg potrovou rou n6oug (Behrman

rou unoono6(0, ro

and Vaughan, 1992). Ie otrtro prxpo oyopro, 11 Btropr1 evron((eror oro drippo roL ro r<ortrror6 rorlrolro rqg oqpoyytirdoug lroipoq rrlg ouprl0poq. 'Eror, ro rl[o ordgLo rqg ouprl0pog ppioxeror orqv roilrox4 enrqovelo rou n6oug. 0 unoonodiog e[voL onore],eogo onoruXiog rr;g ouvevotorlg rov

oupoyevv4lr6v nruXtov nptirrpo rord rrlv e[etrr{r1 Tou pprlou (Moore, 1988).

eU-

potro_

oro pLrpd oydpro rrlg Bonepuog4 errel,efror ou_

noporp(pooqg. Av roL enr-

enrnoAriq FJeq rou neprvdou

(ELr. 3-18,5-22,

582 ror 3-63). AuroL e[vor rpetg: (1) o ennoA4g eyxopotoq puq rou neptvfou, (2) o BoABoottpayydt\qg ror (3) o toyLoo4payydt_ d4g.0r buo re),eurolor e(vot pueq rou neoug.0r enrnotrrlg pueg rou neprveou pp[orowot oro enrnotr4g neprveiro droorqpo, ro ono[o

orpopL(eror npoq T0 roro ono qv enrnotrqg neprrov(o .0, nep,veou xor rpoq r0 novol ono qv nepLveirrl pepppovq. Kor or rperg

ouro( pueg rrlg enrnotrrlg orrpodog veupdrvovror ono ro veUpo rou neprveou.

0r enrnotrrlg eyxoporor pfeg rou neprveou. 0t trenr6g K0r oTe_ v6g oureg puix6g rorv(eg, QepovTor eyroporo pnpooro ono rov npolrro. Ko0e 6voq ond ouroug errelveror ono ro ouorotxo roxro_

ro ruprotpo

Iuv40rop6vr1 ouyyevqg Oropopr[o orrl drdntroorl rou neoug roL rqg ouprl0pog (1 oe xd0e 500 veoyrivv4ro) ono-

qv roro-

lologrxrl Kor Trlv loudoix4 0p4oxeio, otrl BopeLo Apepuq exreleuor nolu ouXvo yLo 1rq 0prloreunroug troyoug (oXel(opevoug rupicog ge n1v uyrervrl).

polpo0

orov nroore( pero[u evdg oxtrrlporj ovlrerpdvou (n.X. rlvo ordepevro 6oropr 11 rov o{ovo evdg nodrltrorou) roL ro e{ ioou ortrqpo rlprro ro{o rou orogou (Err. 3-1). To oupo dLoqeuyouv r6re npog rov enrruoifq nepueix6 latpo (Err. 357) ror qdpovror npoq ro rdrto oro tioXeo ror npog ro no-

Itoug evrltrrxoug,

vrlOorg oe nepLrn6oerg rgiprooqq

ond rqv neprveirrl ;repppovrl, 11 oripoyytirdrlg oupqOpo nepLpotrtreror npoq r0 xoro xor n(oot ono rov orulro ro16 rou

rpoup0nopoug roro r4v etooyoyri opyuvrrtv o'ourr1v. H pri{q rqg o4puyytildoug oupri0poq or0 urloq rou potrBou (Erx. 3-668) e(vor oprerd ou1vr1 oe rpougologoug oropov oe "06o4 rnnoori". H oup4Opo unoreuor oe prlqn,

opprrloroug pe ourrlv

oerg exreLeftol nepuoprl. Ileprrop{ e(vor 11 Xerpoupyrxq 0goipeol nlq oKponooeiog (Err. 3-65). Anotetref rqv nLo ou-

ouprl0pog. H upevdr0rlg poL-

Ko0rlg ro rorltrl;ro rrlg oupriOpog oro o4pe(o ouro efvor trenrd ror drororo, efvor eunptlop],r1ro ror xrvDuveuer on6

or0ol nou ovopo(eror naparplpuoq, ro peye0og qg

po qdperoL npoq T0 xoro xor epnpriq, ro0drq dLrlpXerot gdoo r0u luplyewnrLKo} dngpayporog (ELx. 3-17, 3-33 xor 3-38). H npooronrrl poipo xopnreroL etroppd pe ro xofio npog egnpog, ro0og drorprlXer rov npoororrl. Apdooq roral

rpr;po

pdtrovo.

peXpr

ro oopo rou neprveou rot nrOovororo ouppotr_

oro0epono[r;ol rou o9t1vosrdoLlg ourou revovro. 3-33A ror 3-63). 0r pueg ou_ roi rou Botrpou rou orlpoyyrrr6oug odrporog rrlg oup10pog, (gol0oS rou neoug) Bp[orovror oro p6oo enfnedo rou neprv6ou, gnpooro ono rov nporro. To duo oupperpLro rp4poro evi0vovror oro geoo trer

0L potrpoo4poyytiderq prieg (Eu<.

revovlo porpq rorot ono rov potrpo. Or pueg ouroi erq0ovror ond rqv revovrro our4 porp4 rot ono ro otrrpo rou neprv6ou.0r pe

potrpoorlpoyyroderg pueg oXrlpori(ouv evav oEryrr4po, o onorog oupnr6(er rov potrpo xor ro orlpoyyrirdeg oopo rqg ouprlOpog, npo-

roLrlvrog qv r6vororl qg orlpoyyrrtdoug ouprl0poq ono unotre Lpgo oupov r1lror on6pporog. 0r npooOreg deopideg ruv poABoorlpayyudtitv ltutitv oultBoAAouv en[o4q xu otrTv orAoq, oulovovrog qv

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

366

n(eon n0v0l oTOV oTUTtKo t0T0. AK0U0, oupnte(ouv rnv 0v To Boget poXroio rptr6po rou n6ouq, 1 ono(o epnod((et rrlv QtreBLrn nopoX6Tsu0rl rotv orlpoyytoddrv Xdrpotv roL oupperdXet orrlv oulrlorl rou

To egrlBoro (6poq

Kor

rqg Agpodir4g)

(ELr' 3-64 roL 3-

70A). To etpqpoto e[vot evo trtntirbeq, onoorpoyyutrtilp6vo dnop;to rou ddpporog, ro onolo ppioxerot gnpooro ono qv npLrn o0Utpuon

eoo entqoveto rou ouorotXou toytaxoA xupttiparoq

orrlv ror6reprl lptrf 1drpo, Anoretre(tot rord r0pto troyo ond trtntitdq ouvdertro roro roro ono ro deppo. To tr(nog ouro onoretre( evo erdxo xogporr rt1q trtndrOouq ortpoboq rou unodoptou ouvbertrou roro0 rou 6epporoq rou npooOtou rod,toxoti rotXdrpotog' H nooorrl-

dtoyroorl rou n6oug. p0eq 0L roltoo4poyytirberg prieq (Etr. 3-582, 3-63 ror 3-69) 0t ourot neptpotrtrouv ro or6trr1 orrlv pi(o tou neouq KoOe puq erqu-

yevvnrtKd 6pyavo rng Vuvo[Kcts

pey60ouq rot

eror ono

6\u

rou x[olou tou toyLaxol ooto| xu

q6peroL rp0q T0 eUnpoq

oto or6trog rou ndouq, onou etoduet ortg ntroyteq rot rqv rotLtorq enLqoveLo rou ox6l,oug. 0r toXroorlpoyYtirbeLq Uueq nporolouv rrlv poq o(poroq ono rouq oqpoyytirdeLq Xdrpoug rtrlv oretrdv npoq ro neprqeprro rprlgoro rtrlv olpoyyootitv otlgorotv, Y8YOVOq ilou oulovet rn dtdYruron rou n6oug" H ouonoorl Tov toxtoonpoYYtldtiv pu6v oupnL6(er eniorlq Tnv ev To Bo0er poxtoio rptrepo rou n6ouq' oro onue(o onou our4 e[rlpXeror ond ro or6trog rou n6oug, onoronrovrog qv odo rnq rptreptrnq nopoX6reuoqq ono ro neog rot ouppdtrtrovroq 6rol orqv btorrlprlorl rt1q oruonq'

To yuvorKefo neq(veo

ror ono rpixu4a,ro ono[o eniorlq etrorrdrverot gero rrlv eppqvonounopouotd(et or1, H xtroootrrl xorovoprl rou rptXtilporoq rou etpqpoiou 6vo opt(ovrto ovtrt opto xord gqrog qq n$trrtq X6p0q' To pey6tro 1eitrr1 (Etx. 3-27 ,3-34 rot 3-70 etlq 3-72) To Xei1,1 onoretroriv duo oupperptrdq nrux6q rou b6pporog, ot onoleg nopeXouv npooroo[o oro oroplto Uq ouprlOpoq rot rou ro]'e00, ro onoio ppioxovTot orov npodolto tou xoAtoA Ko0e UeYotro Xefioq onoretrelror rupitlg ono unodopto trlnog xoL qeperoL npog ro nfoo ono ro erprlporo trlg nep[nou 2,5

ex pnpooro

ono rov

npolrto

Bpi-

oyyefo rou yuvotreiou neptv6ou e[vot

rcu arloti.xol oyloptarog, ro pio oXtogrl pero[u rurv UeYotrtlv Xertr6trlv orrlv ono(o ovo[yet ro oropro rou npodoUou T0u rdtrnou. To peyotro Xeitrq evtirvovrot pnpooro

ro [6to opyeyova opYavo

pe rcv npoolrc olvdeopo ruv peyoAuv yeLAeuv (npooOto Xeiltro otrvdeopo). To on(oOLo orpo roug 6ev evtilvovrot, evdr p[o eyropoto bepportrrl Vdrpupo, o onfulLoq olvdeopoq ruv peyaAuv yeAeuv

roOdrq e[etr(ooovrot ond

ono[o onoretrei

oKovTot exor6po0ev

0t Urjeq, ro veupo ror ro oXedov idto pe ereivo rou ovdptrou (Etr. 3-23, 3-40, 3-58 roL 370). To 5[o yevvrlttro opyovo nopouoto(ouv opotorrlreg pe ouro

rou dvdpo,

ro rou tr(nouq ouloverot roro rrlv eqnpe(o rol eLorrdlverot pero rrlv epprlvonouol. To etprlBoto roro rr1 dtopreLo rnq eQnpeioq xotrunre-

(Moore, 1988). 0t rupteg dLotpopeg rou yuvotre(ou neplveou e(vot : (1) o rotreoq dLorpuno r0 oupoYevvlTtro dtotppoYUo' (2) tt oupnOpo pp(orerot oro npoo0to roiXcopo rou rotreou, (3) 11 rtretropt6o

(on(o0roq Xertrtxoq ouv6eopog), rp6perot pero(0 roug'

dev nepreXet rUrlUo rr1q oupn0poq xot (4) ot eUBputreq ooxsoxettrLreg xot oupoyevvrlrtreq nruXdq dev ouvevtitvovrot, oXqgor[(o-

vrog erot ro geyotro ror ro ptrpo Xeilr1 rou otbolou, ovr[oroLXo' To 6[o yevvrlrtro opyovo rrlq yuvoiroq ovol-to(ovrot otro po(i otdoio (ELr.3-40,3-60,3-64 xor 3-70 eorq 3-72). To ot6o(o onoretrefrot ono: ro eQnpoto, ro peyotro Xeitrq, ro ULxpo Xeiln, rov npodopto rou rol,eou,

rtrerrop[60, rouq potrpo0q Kot T0uq ;re((oveq od6veq

rou npo6ogou.

H enrnotr{g neplrovio rou neplv6ou (Etr. 3-71 rot

eniolq Etr. 2-18).'0ntrlq KotoTov ovbpo, noporqpelrotp(o trrndrdqq olpodo enLnotrrlg neptroviog xor pfo Lvtildrlg ortBodo uno72, ptr.

yeilq

doprou ouvbertrou torot. 0t ortpodeg our6q ouveXovrot novol ono ro peyotro Xe(trr1. H tvdrdlg neprrovio npooquerot roro rnv U6otl ypoppn ornv nptxn ouptpuol Kot npoq ro ntroyto oro odrpto rou rlpt-

(Err. 3-23,3'27 ,3-34A, 3-40, 3-62, 3-64 roL 370 eoc 3-72). To prrpo Xettrq onoretrouv trenr6g depportxdq nrux6g, nou orepo0vrot rptXtitv roL trlnoug rot ot ono(eq pp(orovroL perolu

ro0 ooro0. 0t enrnoA{q Prjeq

ro.rv peyotro.rv

rou neptv6ou

(Err. 3-5BZ xot 3-64)

trenroq Uuq, tpepe0 UUq, rcu nepueou' 6vog neptveixoti Tot oTllv Bdol rou entnotrrlq ltilpou xot erre(verot ono rov toXroro rhodo g6Xpt ro odlpo tou neptvtlou. 0 Loytoo4poyyti'

ennoArlq eyxaporcq

d4q, trenrdq UUq Kot ouroq, npootpuerot en[oqg orov toXLoxo xtro60, otrtro etod0eL oro or6trog qg rtretrop(60c, 0 BoABooqpoyYfd4q, o ono(oq e[vot evog trenrog ntrorug Uuq, Xorpi(erot ono rov ovr(Oero Tou Ue Tov rotreo. Ertpuerot ono ro rdvrpo rou neptveou' rp6perot Yupur ono

rov rol,eo roL

etodUe t

oqv

rl,etrop(60.

To prxp6

o Xeil6otv. llept6Xouv 6vov nuprlvo onoyytildoug toro[,

onoloq efvot ntro0otog oe gtxpo otltotpopo oyyeio, otrtro dev 6XeL roOotrou trinoq.

Av xoL

eotoreptrl

entrpoveLo

rolv

1-ttxptitv

Xeileolv

ptrevonoretre(rot ono trenrd 66pgo, eXet ro runtr6 podtvo Xpdrpo rtlv voyovtrlv rot q6pet notruopr0Ueq oto0rlrtx6g veupLr6g onotrtl[e Lq IrLq

v6eq yuvo(reg ro gtrpo Xeitrl xotrunrowot ouvtlOoq ono to peyotro ptrpo Xeitrn Unopei vo npo6Xouv ond Xeitrr1, optrtg org nol,uroreg ro

ro oLdotiro oXto;to. Kot ortg drlo entqovet6q rouq oveup(orovrot oUl1Yporoyovor rot tdptltonoto( obeveq. To ptrpo Xeitrn neptrtreiouv rov npodopo rou rotreou rot rono0erouvrot exorepoOev rolv oroplov qg

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

('tiPoto

npao1n lJsaox€into OU

NoKO

nao1n ntC BOdoVaC

ttopt6oc X0rltvoc utC Knttrcpt6oC

Krl€rrop16oC

KrlE

l\,1tKDo

MtV1na x€tnoC

xsinoC

npo6oLtoC tou Kontou nopeEvrKoC ul-t€voC

(l-tsn ono phAt) lltupro n0p0€vtKou ut t€vo )

O€oti tou KSV'tptKou

rcvavto tou oouotac tou n€ptv€ou

E:(D otol-tto tDC oupn0p(tc

tfolila tou

Kon€ou

Xontvoc l-ilKpIv On

DAto

x€ trlEov

aoxs in

o 0 n o Ko

npoKtaC

B Elxtlvo 3-70. A.'E{o yevvrlrLxo opyovo rrlg yuvoiroq. B. Elerooq e{o yevvqru<drv opyovo-rv. tlo rrlv ovoyvtrlprorl Tov 0oprilv B\ene A.

367

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

368

noaqu ulc Kn€trcp60c ntlolata Fsptlovto nou ^otlunt!: tov npoaovovo pu Lou l-tttpou

,KEnoC utC

Kn€tropt6oc BanPoC Tou npo6oLtou

(€ntQovsto

tol-1nC)

Poxtoio vsupo Kot opruPtct Itl< rtlstToptdoc OupoV€vwluKo AnQpctVltcl

M€tatv 06€voC tou npo6oLtou Kol

sKQopnttKoC nopoC

EugutoxtoKoa Aoeooc

i'!ifi+,..

HPtKn aupQuon

0 np6dopog rou xotreorl (Etr. 3-34A, 3-40, 3-60,

3-64

xor 3-70 eorq 3-72).0 npo6opoq rou rotreoI e[vot o Xtitpog pero[u rov Urrpdrv XeLtretov. E6tit ppiorovrot ro orogto r4q oup40p09,

rou rotreou

Kor

Tov noporv rorv get(ovov odevotv rou npodopou, To

rorto rlpLltopLo rqq ouprl0poq SXeL Unroq nep[nou 2 er..'0nog rot nuruopLo, rlpxeror oe orev1 oxSon Ue ro npoo0to roiXtrtpo

ro ovo

rou rotrnou. To e{o ordpro rqg oupi0poq (Etr. 3-23, 3-244, 3-64 roL 370A). Anoretre(ovorylto rord qv geoq ypo1t1t1 xot pp[oxerot 2 dorg 3 er. n[oo ono rrlv rtreuop[do xot orptBa;q pnpooro on6 to

Erxdvo 3-71. A. Avoropq yuvolKslou neptvdou. B. Avoropfl 11q rtreLro-

xoOe ntreupo

npoororq orov ovdpo. To ordpro rou xotreoU (ELx. 3-23, 3-40, 3-64 roL 3-70A). To eupu ouro oropro pp[orerot r0ro rot nloo.t ond ro notru gtrporepo e-

prdoq.

ouprlep0q Kot TOu Kotreou. To drjo Xeftrn ouvevdvovrot novot ond rrlv rtreuop(do yro v0 oxrlUoT[oouv p(o depporLrfl nruXtl nou ovopo(erot

noolr1

xdco1.Iqv

rou oroptlou ourou oveup[oKovTor ro oropro rov eKqoplTtKtlv noputv rau nopaoupn9pofuv o66luv (odrlveg rou Skene). 0t od6veq ouroi efvot ovotroyot rou

orlltLo tou

u1g

t<Atropidaq,.Irtg v6eg yuvoireq ro ptrpo

XeLtrr1

ouvl0urq

evrovovror xoto ro n(oot oxpo TOUq Ue U(o Utrpn nruXrl tou ddpgoroq, rov yaAuo ruv ptxptiv yetAiuv.0 Xotrtvdq pnopei ouXvo vo unoore( prl[r1 roro rov roxero n dLoiopn roro rrlv neptveoroprl.

ordpro rqq ouprl0pog. To gdye0og roL q epqovtol rou xotreirou orop(ou noLril.tret ovotr6ytog qg roroordosoq rou nop1ewxoA

u/-rivo, U(oq trenrrlg ptrevvoyov[ou ortpodoq 1 ono(o nepLpotrtret ro oropro rou rotreou. 0L pei(oveg o66veg rou npo66pou (Etr. 3-60 rot 371A).0r o65veg ouro[, pe dto;rerpo nep(nou 0.5 er., pp[orovrot e-

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

369

paVVU n oC au vd s ol.toC

UlC Lilttpoc

E€(D

ot6otiKo oVVsio

A0Vavo llou 0ov

v€upo

Ei.d otOatiKo oVVsto AoKrurlo€tAsiC nPaotKBan€C ninouC n€ptvsiKaC Kno6oC tou o n r a0t au pn po6€ p Ltor K ou t

v€upou

M€Vono x€inoC (€nrOovsto rol-iliC)

0nia1o x€tntKo oyvElo Kor vsupo E',/Kat

po t0

n€UvsiKo oVVsto Eu0uiaxoKo( Do0poc

3-72' Avoroprl rtlv peyo),rov XeLtretov, 11 onoto onoroLunret ro oyyeio r<or veupo roug. Irrl OelLo n),eupo or tropoerOeLg dorru),rreg npo: -'.ae rou Llnoug eXouv dLovotX0eI yto vo tpovouv ro ovooroporrrro oyyero nou ouvbrlouv ro e{o xoL eoco orDoiixo oyyeto. Irrlv opLorepl ntreu::'lllloeLdeiq npooexBol69 rou Ltnoug tlXouv oqv ntretorflcpro roug orporpe0ei yro vo rpovouv ro on[o0ro XeL],rro oyyero K0r vsup0 (12 K0r , .:.1 ovooropdtvovrot Ut TOv reptveiro rtroDo rou ontoOiou plpodepgorLroI veupou (li, l2 xor l3)

Etxovo

:: : :

.r.:*i3',

tou npod0u0u

TOu KoLeou,

nfoo

Kor oT0 n^oyr0

TOu

r r, r- rou Kotrsou, Elvor orporpLroi uroeLdeig ror ro npog ro n[_ - * . .Lxo),unrovroL pepLr6g ono roug poABoig rou npodol"tou. Ano 11

: ioo0ro TUt"U0 roiv obevov lerrvouv trenrot errpopqrrro[ nopor, , : .or0r nopruovT0t po0ro peoo oroug Botrpoug rou npodopou ror .: lrilyouv orov npodogo rou roLeou ortg duo ntreup6q T0u oT0*

iou xotreou. 0L odeveg ouroI errplvouv

prr<pr1 nooorqro uypo..:-c ptrevvog xoro rov oeiouotrLro epeOropo. 0r pe((oveg odeveg :, npodogou (BopOotriveLor odeveg) elvot ovotroyotrcv BoABou-

:-jco[av

adevav rou ovdpo (Err.3-18).

eA6oooveg o66veg rou npo66pou. Auro( elvor prodsvsq orrg buo ntreupeg rou npodopou rou rotreou, rtrrv

.--:

:.{rlv T0 oropro pproxovroL pero[u rov orop(trlv rqg ouprl0poq .ou rotrnou. Erxplvouv rol ouro[ ptrrlvvo 1 ono[o uypo(ver ro

;1 ror rov np6dopo.

xAerropi6o (Err 3-40, 3-60, 3-64, 3-67 ror 3-70 eog

-l rtreLropldo, pqrouq 2 eotg 3 er., efvor doprl ovotroyl rou nerot. onog ouro, e(vor 1pyovo rqg orAo4g. Ie ovri0eoq pe ro

: :c

xtreuop(60 dev drooX((eror ono rrlv oupq0po rol enoprevtrtg

dev nepreler orlpoyyobeq odrpo rrig oupq0poq. H rtrerropibo ppr-

orerol n(oo ono rov npoo0ro ouvdeopro rov XeLtreov, onou ro

pr-

rpo Xertrq ouvevovovror. Iuv10tog, oe Xotroo1, roiunreror ono ro Xertrq rou ot6olou. H rtreuopldo onoretre[ror ono rrlv pr(o xoL ro odpa, rc onolo onore],elror ono 600 oxrltrr1, ro duo olpoyyrrtDrl 0oU0T0 ror plo BaAovo.'0nog ror ro neog, rpeperor ono evov rpepoot4po olvdeopo. To npoo0ro rglpo ro0e pLxpou Xertroug nou qeperor gnpooro ono rqv rtreuop(do, oXrlporr(er, ouppoitro_ vToq Ue ro ovri0ero rcu, Tnv noo1r1 rryg xAenoptdoq (ovotroVn Ue rr;v noo0r1 rou n6oug). To on[o0ro orpo ro.rv prrpriv XeL],eov xo0rirg qepovror nioo ono rrlv rtrerrop(60, oXrlpor((ouv rov yoArvo

rrlq xAetopidog, o onofog elvor ovotroyoc, rou yoALvoA r7q axponoo?fuq,. H rAetopido e[vot evo ptxp6 ot{ouoALro opyavo. ro ono[o onoretrelror ono orurrro Loro. '0norg K0L TO nroq. broyxr,rveror Ue onrrro epeOloporo, Xorpiq ogutg vo ou{oveL 0lUovTtK0 pqrog qg. Efvor rdrorrepo euaio1r1r4 xor notru ol!ovTiKl yr0

oe{ouotrrrrl DLeyeporl

Trl

yuvo(xog. EIouroq rotv no],uopL0;ro,rv veuptrdv onotr1{eov nou pp[orovror erer (Err. 3-60) n xtreLropldo e[vor e[orperrro euo[o0qq oqv oqq rrlv n[eo1 ror 11 Oep;iorqro,

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

370

rou npo66pou

(Etr. 3-58E, 3-60 rot 3-71). 0L duo oursq oyrcodeLg, entplretg po(eg orurtro0 torou 6Xouv ptlroq nep[nou 3 er.. Bp[orovTot oTtq 600 ntreupdq rou orop[ou r0u KO-

0t BoIBoi

treou poOro orouq potrBoolpoyydrdetg pueq roL efvot ovotroyol ro.lv po\pov TOU nrouq, 0v Kot 0e ovr[Oeoq pe ourouq, ot potrpo( rou npobo;rou rou rotreou Xop[(ovrot ono qv rtretrop[bo pe rov npobopo rou rotreou.

Aprrlproxrj nopoxrl rorv e{to ycvvrlrtxtitv opyovtov rqg yuvoixuq (Err. 3-60, 3-71 rot 3-72). H n),ouoto otporotorl rou otdo[ou npoepxsTor ono rtg duo i{ar odoLirfg aprqpbq rot p[o e oa; otdot-

ix4 apr4pio oe ro0e ntreupo. H eotrt ot6oliril oprqpio rpotpoDoret ro ddppo, ro oe[ouotrtro opyovo Kot TOUq pueg rou neptveou. 0t Xerirneg opr1pbq elvoL rtrodot11g dotrt otdoiirflq oprrlpioq onolq roL 1 poXrolo Kot 0t ev rur poOet oprnpLeq

rtretrop[Dog.

xoA vt,upou, rov neprvelro rtrodo rou p4podt,pparLxo} ve}pou rot

ro veApo rou neptveou.

ovoroprxri B6oq rqg olioqg. IuXvo ovotp6ol 11 rtreuop[do eivoL pLrpoypotpfo rou ndoug. Aurtl

peror

e[vor 6Xr govo trov0oop6vq, o],tro rot oeltortxrl 0tttroon (Masters et al., 19BB). Av ror otlpovrtxo oe[ouotrtro opyovo, 11 xtrerropiDo dev no[pvet Uepoq orrlv ovonopoytr.lytxrl

lerroupy[o oure oXer((eror Ue tt1v ouporpdpo o6o. Enetdtl eivor notrf euo(o0qrq, 5vo rpoXu oYYtyUo ptnopef vo e(vot epe0rolxo 11 ror en66uvo. H or0on rqg xtreLrop(Ooq - 0v Kot 6sv ouvode[erot ond Otoyxooq - endpXerot pe rov iOto pr1Xovrolui nou nepryporpOlre orov dvdpo ro0tlq 11 6opr1 qq elvor idro pe rou neoug. Irqv yuvoiro, n Dt6Yepoq rou n0-

0treprxrj nopo;1ireuor1 rurv e{to yevvqrlxtitv opyovttv rnq YUvoirog (Err 3-60, 3-71 ror 3-72). 0t Xettrtrdq qle0eS erpotrtrouv

pooupno0lrtroLi odlyei oe o[[qor1 rrlq 6rxptorlg Tuv ftopo' oup7Apafuv odtvuv (ovotroytov rou npoororq) KoLTuv pst-

orrg eoo atdotilxeq EAeBq rot ouvodeuouv rtg e otrt ot6otix6q op-

(ovuv adevav rou npodopou (ovotrdytov ttrtv

rrlpreq

0poitrlv oddvtov). H 6r6yepoq ourrl npoxotrei enioqg oruorl

Aepqrxrj nopo;1ere uoq rov yuvotxe iov e{to yevvqrtxdtv opYovr,lv (Err. 3-73). To ordofo roreXet evo ntrouotororo dlrruo ],eprpoyyeuov. To nepLooorepo erBotrtrouv oroug entno,ltiq Kot Toug sv

rrlg rtrerropi6oq, xo0tirg roL Dr6yxootl tov potrBdrv T0u npo-

6oUou. H yuvorre(o oupqOpo enrprol,0verot euxotro,

Bo0eL BouBuwxoAq AeUrpodEveq.

Neriporoq

rov yuvutxeitov e(or yevvqrtx6v opytivtov (Etr. 3-

61, 3-71 ,3-72 ru 3-74). To veupo rou otdo[ou npoepXovroL ono ro ),ayovoBouBuvtxl vtlpo, rov yevvlrtro rtrodo rou ot6otop4pt-

3-64 ror 3-70). H oup40pitr6o (qtreVUovrt qq oupn0poq) pnope( vo npoxtrq0e( ond noOoyovouq UtKpoopyovtoltotig,

\ /)

\ \

I FI

4-73. AagqLrq n0poXsrsu0f

ro069 ro

ri[o oropui r4g ovo(yet pdoo orov npd0opo rou rotreo0 (Etx.

_------\

Erxdvo

FotrFoupn-

)

ndoytot

ffi l]

rar,,

n I 1 f i =

oolxrot

r,tEo€vr€ptat

Kotvoi noyovrot LOL) TJOVOVIO: FtLu doyovtot

Entnonnc PILJAdvtKot

ffi

fv r,., loo:t

ffi ffi

t*oi nopoopor<or

rcov e(o-t yevvqrtxov opyovtlv r1q yuvotroq

6ou10vtKol

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

371

A0yavL)13ou 0k)vtKo Vâ&#x201A;ŹUOO

Etxtivu 3-74. Korovoprl rov oldoltt<tilv xot LoyovoBouptrtvtt<trtv veuptrtv oro yuvorrelo neplveo. B. To otdotu<o veupo elvor duvorov vo onox],eLogouv pe ovotoOlrtro. H Betrov1 roreu0uveroL npoq T0 toXtord ruprotpo, onou ovod0erot ro o16oltro vefpo r<ogcirq elepXeror ono rov otdoirxo o6),r1vo. H Belovtl xoOodqyelrot on6 ro Dorru],0 rou e[eroorrl orov rotrno 6ro9 orou 11 orprl rqg Bpeoei nroor ror roro ono rqv roXto6q orovgo, 0r0u n0pe0erot ro otdotird veupo. H eveorl pe qv ovtrt peLovrl ovotoOqro[otel T0 troyovoBoupovtr<o veupo Kor rguq rou rtrodouq, ot 0r0L0t K0rov6povror oro o16olo (BI. Etr. 3-72).

Xeilrrofg

,ll r$pgNeio

yuvcrKrto ou-

'oinv KalooKturl TEq 0crxdv xor ie iov gurxov 8t61terps

6$q 1 ex. Xolpiq

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

372

q orporo.roq rtov prxptirv rot peyotrtrtv Xettr6ov elvor no],u n],orjolo (Etr. 3-72), ruXov rpoupoloprog orqv neproXfl ourrl gnopeI vo nporotr6oeL orlpovlrrq orltoppoylo" Koro rov rorero q e[dr0qor1 e(vor duvorov vo e(vor e{otpe-

Tpouuonouo Tnq, 0uvsn6q n dt0d0q K00erqporv q ruoreooron(ou elvol notru eurotrorepn ortq YU-

EneLdrl

0uTO v0 npOK0tre0er

vofreg on orr oroug ovdpeg. H onoporpuvol rotv ouptov ono 11v nhqprl yuvorre[o oupodoXo t<uorr1 pnope( vo entreuX0e[

ro0errlpo, o onoioq dLdplerot USoo rnq ouplOpog ror rorotrlyer orqv rfoq.

lro

0 nop0evtx6q upevoq onorotrei ro rordrepo rletoro pLrlrpoxoAnLxo1 ouA4vo oro 6pppuo (Moore, 1988). Koro rq Bpeqrxtl rotnptirq noLdtrrl qtrLr(o, ro xotrnLro orouro ouvn0oq rtre(verot ono rov nap1evxo upevo, o

ro 6pyovo, onore ro tetreuro(o nl6(ovrot rol dtote(vovrot unepBohxo. Iro qv ovoxourptorl ttov novtrlv rou rorero0, 11

onoioq opog rpuototroyLro dXet ttdtt poyeInptv ono rqv eqq$eio yLo vo enrrponel q diodoq rotv epprlvolv Irtq nop0dveg

oroug torouq nou nepLBdtrtrouv ro otdotixti veUpo. H 6veor1 pnope( vo y(vsr oro oqpeio dnou to otdotiro veupo dLo-

orouptlveror pe

en66uvr;, evtir ouvrlOog q duor<ol6repq olyptl eivot orov ro retpdLr rou eUBpuou dt6pXeroL ono ro d[trt ysvvrlTt-

pe rr1 porl8ero

oxpo rou

pnopei vo exretreoOe ( ouvotrtxl oLlotlt<i ovoto1qronofio1,

oropro rou rotreou pnopei vo 6XeL dtoperpo triYtrtv Uovo Xilroor6v. Iuvrl0urq ro ovoLylto enup6net rqv eioodo rqg o-

npoq ro ntrdyLo xor nloo,r, pe onoretreopo v0

ntroyLo po[po

rou etroooovog toXtoie-

ror erooyoyrl porproq Betrovnq oro to(Xtr,t1to rou rol,eou rot roreu0fverot ge 6vo ddrrulo p6oo otov rotreo Udxpt rnv roXLor[ orovOo (Ellis, 1983). lro q 6reuxotruvorl Tou T0Ksrou, otrtro Kor Trlv oroQuyn pnqns rou neptvdou, ertetrelrot ouyud nepLveoroprl (Etx.3-62). 0L drjo ouvqOropevot runot neprveoroHrlq neprypqglrsv gro nepov KeQdtrers.

orop(ou, o up6vog e(voL duvorov vo oXtorel, ouvtl0otq npoq

tilo-

prrpl

oLpoppoyio. Meto ono rorero nopopdvouv unotref;.r;,r0T0 Tou updvo peptro oopr66n oxpo,r0 UAprotrou0r;oeL

pou ouvb6opou (Eu<.3-BA, 3-72xot 3-74), xovro orrlv npooquo[ rou orrlv roXrorq oxovOo. 0proUdveq qopeg erretrei-

rprlq evog dorrulou. Ie opLop6veg neptnr6oetg 1 dtorooq rou rotrnrrou otoplou ptnope[ vo elvot onopofqrn, npoKttgevou vo npotrrltp0ei 11 entirOuvtl pnqrl rou ugtlvo roro rrlv ouvouo[o. Aropo ror gero ono rr1 Dtorool rou rotrntrou ro n[oo

onoio enuuyXovetoL pe eveoq rontrou ovoto0lrtrou

(ELr<. 3-23). Ie etroXroreg neptnrdoetg o nop0evtx6g ugevog dev unorerror oe pnql nptv ond qv eqqpeio, ono-

re ovogo(eror orp4rog ult|vag. Irtq neptnrtioeLg oureg ro olpo rov epprlvtrlv dreupuveL rov ro],n0, plo roroorool nou

NATNAZTIKA NPOBAHMATA

flepfnruo4

ovopo(eror aLpotoxoAnoq. 0 nop0evLroq uU6voq tore 16-

3-1

Uvtror, ttpoKsrprevou vo entrpone [ 1 diodoq rov eppqvtr.tv.

luvofro 23 er6v,

loroprro, 6Xer 0etopr10e[ olgrovnro yto rtg yuvo[reg

K0T0 TOV TOKTTo TOU npoToU

rqg

noLdtou,

vo 6Xouv "o0rxro nop0evrrd uprevo" oto yopo roug oov

6Xer ordrveg yro oXedov 24 rrlpeq. H roputprl 11q reqotrqq

onoder[1 oyvdrrlroq. Ev rouroLg eivot yuvo[ro v0 excr evov onotrurog oOtrto nopOevtro uptlvo. Iuvrl0orq rtre[ver p6pog xor oXr otrortr1po ro oropro rou

Bpuou tpo[veror peoo ono ro oropro rou ro],nou. 0 Uoreurlpoq, tpoBo0Uevoq pnql rou neprveou, onoqoo[(er Udorl-ntroyro ntprvtoT0-

1.totrtrov onovto plo

rotrnou. Koro ono quorotroyLr6g ouvOrlreg nopouoto(ovrot prlylroro ri61 ono pLxpq 1trrrro eloLriog dLorpopov dpoorqprorflrov (n.X. yulrvoolxrl). Mepr16g qop6g erretre irot xAenopdtx4 nepLrop1

(Xe

LpoupyLul orpo[peoq

nooOqg

1u1

yro vo dreupuver ro

roro

rou

oropro rou yevvlrrro0 orrrtrl1v0.

flpoBIrlporo. Koro Trlv Xerp0upyrxl

endppoorl,

noro ovoroprro UoprpriUoro 0o oq pnopouoov nr0ovororo vo dLorpl0o0v; Irqv neprnrool nou ro neplveo 0o orplvorov vo poye( Xurprg 6treyXo, nor6g do-

yvororrl

neprveoTOprl,

rtrerrop[6oq), 6tol unoriOeror ol ou{over rov oe(ouotrrr6 epeOro;ro (Masters et al., 1988). Ie opropeveq qutrdq

peg 0o pnopouoov v0 Tpouporrorouv;

qg Aqprulg Kor rnq Nolog Apeprrrlg errele(ror

poyouv; To npoBtr1poro ouro ou(llouvror orrl ouvcxsr0.

yLxrl orpo(peon trerr1 purloqq

Xerpoup-

sU-

KoroKepU0Tr0Uo,

Ie oqpovrrxl prl[1 ror rou neprveou, noroI p0eg elvor nr0ovov vo

rrlq rtrerrop[Doq (xAeroptdtxroprfi oav rc-

oqv eqqpeio. H 6repyoo[o ourrl dev

enqped-

(er oqpovlro ro oe[ouotrrro epe0ropo, ro069 unopXouv ror dtrtreq neproxdq (n.X. ro gLrpo Xeitr1 ror ro roLXtirl-roro

flepinruoq 3-2 Orrodopog 31 er6v evtl nepnorouoe novur oe pfo ordepevLo do-

ro, eneoe eqLnne0ovrog

qv.

rou npodo;rou) nou e[voL e{[oou euo(o0r1reg oelouotrtro. 0r pe((oveg oddveg rou npodopou bev efvot ouvrl0rrlq

veneLo rou

qrntroQnToi. KoO[orovror qrntroQnToi lrovo orov entpo],uv0ouv.

poqpqoe

H pop1oAtvirL\o, qtreyUovn rtllv pet(ovtrrv odevo:v T0u npo6opou, (Bop0otr[veLoL od6veg), pnopei vo nportrr10e[ ord

pl0e v0 ouploer, ro onoretreopo lrov

0Ldtpopoug noOoyovoug UrKpoopyovtopoug roL oL entpotru-

rpog orpou rov elerooe rov nopenepQe orov oupo),oyo, o onorog

op6vot o66veg e(vor duvorov vo peye0uv0otjv UdXpt 6LoU6rpou 4 6toq 5 er. ror vo npo9otrtrouv oro rolXtopo rou opOot1.

qoe orlvotroyrro

ilopouofooe evrovororo otryoq oov ou-

rpougolopo0 rov opXeov ror rou neprveou. Apyorepo no-

o[611po

ror onoxpoUoloUo rou ooXeou rou ror orov enrXefgep1169 oroyoveg otUoTnpoiv

oupov. llpoorltr0e oro e{o-rreprro rorpelo rou vooorope[ou, onou o ro6treyXo

Axrrvotroyrxli ex0eoq.

oupqOpog ror rqg oupodoXou

(r1-

rfoqq.

orrvotroyrroq dtreyXoq onorotruqe

NYEAOZ KAI NEPNEO

plil

orlv

o4poyydrdrl ouprl0po, orprptrtg

roro

ono

qv roro

nepr_

rovio rou oupoyevvlTrKou drorppoyporog. H oupq0poyporpLo eder[e 0iobo rou or<roypoqrrou utrrr<ou e {o ono rqv ouprl0po npoq TOUq

yuprrl roroug

oro nepfveo.

Aroyvroo4. Pr1(r1 rou revrprrou rprlporog rqg orlpoyytirDouq 0u_ pn0p0q pe Drorpuyrl oupov oroug yupo roroug.

flpoBAriporo. '0rov

o oo0evrlg npoono0qoe vo ou_ pqoeL, nporrrro bev unrlp{e e{odog ouprov ono ro e[or oro_ gto rqq ouprl0pog. ilou nrlyov; E[r1yr1ore yrorl ro oupo nou

flpoBA{poro. l"lou nqyorvouv ro oupo nou 6rorpeu_ qv oupodoXo ruorrl; TL rotrunrer rrlv ovo enrqo_

Ileplnruorl

Dov, une0eoe ol nl0ovov ro oupnrtrtporo rou orpeftrovrov ot u[0_ rponl qg no0qoqg our1g. Mero rqv trqQr1 rou roroprrou, o rorpog

rou npo6p1 orr;v rtrrvrr<r1 e{eroorl rou op0o0 Kor rou npotKTrro0 or,.r_ \r1vo.'Orov (4rrioe ono rov ooOev1, vo orptXrei onog roro rrlv orpo_ uoq, noporrlprloe nponroorl eoolreprr6v orgoppoidtrrv. H npooe_ <rLxr1 boxrutrrrq eidrooq rou nporrrrrou otrrtrlvo ror rou opOou ono_ 5e

.rctruQe e{oidr1or1

rou delLou eu0uoXroxou Bo0pou. l-lieorl rrlq ordqorov oo0evr1. Arriyvroo4. Anooq po ro u eu0uioXroxo rj pd0pou.

Lrorotdoug neproXrlg nporotrouoe evrovo otryog

0eponefo. To onoor1po nopoXereuqre pdorrt 6roDepprrrlg ro_ .tl]c perolu npolrrou ror roXrorou rupr6porog.

flpoBA{poro.

E{rlyeiore

drorpoponoLrlorl pero_

3-S

onoorrl;ro rou e u0uioXror<ou Bo0pou; Ioto veIpo elvor

roplreg dop6g elvot nr0ovov vo onoveupur0ouv pepLrutg;

Ilep[nruo4 3-4 luvo[ro 40 erorv odrlyeLroL ovoroOrlr4 oT0 v00oKOUeio pe notr_ r.rntro rpoupoTo, oov onoretreopo rpoXoiou oruXrlporog. ApXrro loBevqg droorrltrlvdrOrlre . 'Erol e{oorpoNorrlre o oepLolrog ge rov 11

:,'DorpoXeroxo orr.rtrr1vo. Koronrv or npo.rre g poq0ereg eorrooOrlrov --.rv ovrrperutnrol rrlq orpoppoyrog Kor rou shock. .Orov q roro_ Triq oo0evoug oroOeponoLrl0rlre, trr1rpOr1rov orrrvoyporpreg -

iol

Enerdrl

erXe ouprioer ono

rrlv drpo 14q erooyoy4q, rono0err10lre xo_ ::.rpog orrlv oupodoXo rr.roq. H nopouo[o oiporog oro oupo (ar_ oupodoXou ruorrlg. l-ro oxroyporprxou utrtrou

:, ),oyo ourov orotrou0rloe eveo4 orelpou

rrlv porl0ero ro0errlpo ror roronrv InqOn_ nue),ou ror qg xor),Loq.

'..v oupodoXo r0orr1 pe

'Orov ntreov overpepe oro',, ioioo rqq ol oL ,,novor,' tqg (ouonooeq r4g ltqrpoq) opXOVTov ro0e I0 ),enro, e re(vog rqg (qqoe v0 npooetr0er oro gole ur4pro. l,1ero i1v e tooyr,tyl. o lLoreurlpog npoeBrl oe qrltroqlon rou rpoXr1trou ror eLdonorqoe rov eprlpepeuovro rorpo

ol ro oropro rrlg prlrpoc epcpovi(e dLooro,\r1 evog boxrutrou rot drr q 0o0ev1g Bprororov oro nptiro 0-t06t0 TOU roxeroA (nepiodoq droorotrqg rou oroplou 11g grlrpoo Apyorepo e(o0q0r1xe Uto Ueyotrn

nooorqro uypou (pq(q rov eggpurxotv ugdvov). .0rov q yuvo[ro oqtr0e oro

dilrepo ora6n rou roxeroA (neprodog

er_

e{trr0qor1g,

'0rov ot odfveg, or ouonooerg r4q grlrpog, ripXovrov roOe 2 trenro rol droprouoov 40 pe 60 deurepo),enro, r1 yuvolxo peroqep0qre orqv o[0ouoo rorerou rot ronoOer4OlKe oTl poreulr4 rpo_

To npoBtrrlporo ouro 0o ou(r1rr10ouv or4 ouv6Xero.

-:.cupio) ouvrlyopouoe urep prlqnq rrlg

onooeLg Trlq Ulrp0a oq 0roprero qg vuXroq, or ono[eg unoXdrpq_ oov ro npo.r[ (r!€udua adueq).'Orov ro oveqepe orov 0eponovro rorpo r1g, ereivoc rnQ alrr orL ovrrperolni(eL enrreipevo rorero. Ie l(yeg pepe g n0p0Tlpnos 3,\oyvoDsrq onerrploerg go(i pe trryo oilLo

roXupeg Av ror 11 enL0ugro rqg qrov vo eyetguoLoLoyrxo roxero yul p[g ovotoOqoro, bev pnopeoe vo ovre{et rov novo. Trlg XoprlyrlOrire ovotryrlrtro pero ono evrotr1 rou Lorpou qg.

nr_

0ovov vo rpoupolore[ roro rq Xerpoupyrr4 Oeponero evog rcrorou onoorrlporog; Av ouro ro veupo rone (, noreg ovo-

:,Lc neproxeg rou orrrgorog Trlq nou e[xov rpoupolorei.

llporeuoL ,iLo l,uvoixo 28 erotv orrlv npdrq qg eyrupoouvrl (npotrororogl. [lpoc ro retroq rrlg rurlorlg ovoqepeL endrbuveg ou_

ono(o opX[(er ge rrlv ntrr1pq Droorotr4 rou rpoXrltrou xor retreuirver pe qv e(o6o rou veoyvou). or obLveg opXLoov vo y[vovror otro ror nro

Eu eootreptrov ror e[oreprrurv orlLoppoidrov. Tr elvor ro

.r,,/ 0KTrv0yp0qLeg

3-3

Avbpog 49 er6v npooepXeror noponovoupevog yro euotoOqoio ror otryog orrl de{Lo ntreupo rou nptorrou. To otryog XeLporepeue ro_ ro rqv oqodeuorl ror orov r<o0orov. Enerd1 etXe Loroprro orpoppoi_

Arrlyvoorl. Koroyporo rqg nuetrou rot pn€l rrlg oupodoXou ru-

0rl

ver0 Tr.lc oupoboXou ruorrlg; Me poorl rqv ovoroplo, norov dpopo vopr(ere orr 0o oro),ou0ouoe o lerpoupyog oe pLo dLop0orrxrl e ne;rpoorl or4v ruorq; To npoptrrlporo ouro ou_ (qrtouvroL nopororo.

(1rq0ouv oTl ouvexsro.

::,

AxrrvoAoyrx{ ex0eoq. Koroyporo Kor Tttv duo rlprxdrv rtrodov, H xuoreoyporpio dder[e drorpuyrl Tou oKroypoQrro0 utrLr<ou ono r1v ovot enrtpove lo 11g oupodoXou r<rioqg.

y0uv 0no

drequyov dev pnopouv vo nepooouv npoq T0 nroot, oro ntro_ yro 1 npog rqv etroooovo nuetro. To npoptrrlporo ouro 0o ou-

llepinruo1

373

ne(0.'0rov 11 reqotrrl rou epppuou opXtoe vo drooretrtreL rov yrv_ vqrrxo ootr4vo, eylve govepd ort 11 yuvofro novouoe notru. 0 goreurrlpog onoqooloe vo erre),eoer peo4 nepueorclq, otov qovrlxe orL rpov nrOovov vo enetr0er pr1{r1 rou nepLveou. ApXrxo Xoprlyloe ovoto0rlrLro unodopro oro neplve o qg yuvoirog. Av ror ro ronLro ovoro0rlrrxo enerpe(re rqv ovriduvq roprl rou nrprvrou. dev etrorrooe qv 6vroo1 rov or6(vrr-rv rou rorerou. O poLe urqpog onocpooroe oprporepontreupl ovoro04ronoulorl

pou. Agrlorrtg pero

yuvorr<o otrortrqpooe

rou otdoirxou

ve0_

ro beurepo orodro

xor

oro rp[ro orodto rou roxerol (nou opXi(er pero rqv yevv4orl rou propou rol retrertr-rver pe qv e(dr01or1 rou ntrorouvro npoXrrrpqoe

Kor rrrlv epppuLxrirv pepBpovurv).

IIpopl{poro. I-lore g ovoroprre g bopeg re pvovrot ouvq0rog roro qv Uson rsprveoToUll, Avoqepore rig 6o_ pdg nou ve upotvovror ono ro orboiLxo veupo, Me Booil rLq

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

374

6nq orrpodo rqg entnotrrlg ne ptrov(og rou npooOtou roilLorou rolXdrUoroq ouptq0erot pe rrlv n,troreio nepnovfu, opeoolg rorot ono rov poupovtro o0vdeopo. H ntrore[o neptrov(o e[voL q toXuprl ne-

puov[o nou neptBotrtreL roug pueg rou grlpou (Etx. 3-71).

Ilepfnrwoq 3-3 atpoppoileq e[vot rLpool rov qtrepdrv, ot ono(eg opbeuouv rov nporrrro ootrrqvo. 0t eoutepru|q aryoppoi\eq efvot rtpoo( ro.rv rtrodov rqg d'rra; otltoppol6rcr19 tpAe|aq. H rplepo ouq erpotrLer orlv rorot pteoevrdpto rp\r1po rot ovrlret oro nu),olo o0oqpo. 0r rtrodor rrlg ovul otpoppoidtrrlq qlepoq (ertvouv ono ro eoa; ot-

ZYZHTHZH TAN AIATNAZT|KAN NPOBAHMATAN

Ilepinraoq

3-1

Koro rr1 dLopreLo rrlq pdorlg-ntroytog neptveoropqq ouvlOtlg repvovror or oroLouOeg dog69: ro depgo rou neptvtlou, ro onlo0to roiXogo rou xotreo0 ror o potrpoorlpoyytirdlq puq. H neptveoroprl erretrefrot yto rq dteuro],uv0ll TOU rorerou rol orov enlxetrot pfl[q

ilpoKrtl.toppo|dLx6 EAeBLxo nAEylto, ro ono[o Bplorerot 0r0uq ro0q orutrouq. Eddr ouXvo yfvovrot rtpotirderg (dtoreropeveg rot

ro neplveo orpe0eI vo oXtoreI povo rou ttp0q ruro odtXo[o xoreu0uvoq, o revrptrog revovroq r0u n0ptvtou d1tr. rot ro ro[XtlUo rou reptvtou o 5{tl otptyrrrlpoq UUq TOU npolrrou po rou oneu0uopevou rtvduve0ouv vo poyouv. Iuven6g, pe rrlv

oo.rtrf1vo,

T0u

ntptvtou.

Eov

etrrroetdeiq). 0L eootreptreg otgoppoideq roL0nrovrot ono ptrevvoyovo. Irqv opXrl neptopi(ovrot ptloo oro ro[Xtolio T0u npoKTIKOU

ro0drq opurg peyotrdrvouv e[vot Duvorov vo npopotrtrouv orov nporrtro ootrrlvo roro qv rontdrdrl orpodeuorl. AtUoppoYio rov eooteptxtilv oLltoppotdtov e[vot ouvr101g. 0t e(urepxeq oLpoppoileg e(vot rtpooI rtrlv rtrodtrlv rrlg roro

neprveoroptrl entruyxoverol ootprtq roun, porpto ono orlptovrtro ovoroprrro poptpdrporo. Eov ro nep(veo otpe0eI vo oXLoreI ove(e-

orgoppoidtrnq rptrepoq, nou opXr(ouv ono ro 6Eu aL1oppoildtxo npoKTtEAeBmo nAeypa, ro onolo opbeuet ro rordlrepo rptlpo rou

treyrro, e(vot ntOovov vo poyouv rot ot ovetrrrqpeq U0eq Tou npoxro0, oL onotot oXlpori(ouv ro ridotpoq rqg nu6trou. Auro 0o dXeL

rou ootrr1vo.

oov onoretreogo

etrorrtool rrlq txovorrlToq

TOU

ntptvtou

oqpt(et ro nuetrtro ontroXvo, pe ntOovfl ouvdneto ro

Xotroptrtlto

rou nuetrrrou edoqoug oe geyo\ureprl r1trLr(0. To retreurolo pnopel vo nporo),eoet DtoropoXeg rou etrdyXou qg oupo6oXou ruorrlg, otrtro rot vo onoretreoel rrlv otr(o pltoq enoro),ou0r1q xuoreoxrltrlq.

ITepfnruo4 3-2 rpouportrq plql TIIS olpoYYtirdouq oupn0poq rou ovdpo oro polBorj r0u rtouq, elXe rolv onor6treopo nl \Larpuyn oArou uQog puv uno\opto orrlv npoonoOeto rou vo ouploet. 0upo ono rn poyeioo oupnOpo 0o ptnopo0oov vo nepooouv oro neplveo, entnotrflg H

e(olreptrdg otpoppoideq ro),unrovrot ono b6ppo

roL ouvrl0oq Dev efvot enotduveg.

Ta ncpLnpaxrLxa anoorr1poro ouXvo e[vot onoretreoUo rpouporropou rou evreptro0 Btrevvoyovou ono ortrqpo ronpovo. H enorotrou0r1 nLOov1 qtreypovfl rotv npolrrtrdtv rotrnolv, dnULoupYei Uio

roroorool yvoorrl ag xpumftda.

H rptreypovrl ourq efvot 6uvor6v peool ronotog Utrpnq puryUrtq n plopnS rou ptrevvovo enerro0e( yovou oro rotXopo rou evrdpou t<ot reLtro orcu u?uioytaxo B61po, pe onoretre opo onooqpo orrlv nepLoXrl ourn. 0 eu0uioXtorog

9o0poq elvot evoq oQnvoeLdrlq Xdrpog oro ntroyto rou npotrro0 rot rou ovetrrrrlpo puog rou. To rripto ouorortro rov eu0uloXtordlv goOprrrv e(voL trinoq. 0t xtrodot rov veupolv Kot rov oyye[olv (ot6ot-

ixo ve0po, 6oor otdoiiro oyyeio rot ro veupo rou eoo 0upoet6o0g puoq) etodpXovTot orov eu0uioXtoro po0po peotl rou etroooovog

rqg roror neptroviog T0u 0upoYevvrlrrxou dtorppoyporoq otrtro rortrl ono rqv enLnoArlg nepnov[o rou nepueou (Etr. 3-57). To dtotpu-

roXroro0 rprlporoq. To otdotiro veupo t<ot ro eotr.l oLdotiro oyyeto nopeuovrol peoo orov otdoirro ocotrr1vo, nou Bpforerot oro ntroyto

yovro orov entnotrrlg neptveiro Xtilpo oupo QspovTot npog ro roro-t oro Xotropo ouvdertxo toro rou ooXeou, npoq r0 eUnpoq 0T0 lteoq

rolXtrrlto

KOr

npoq ro novtr.t oro npoooto rottrtoro rolxtrt1to.

H roro neptrovlo

TOU

oupoYevvlrtro0 dLotppoYUoTOq Kol r] e-

nrnotrrlq neptvetrrq nepLrov[o npooqrlovrot oro0epo orouq qBotoXroro0g rtroDoug.'Erot, ro oupo 6ev pnopo0v vo dtotp0youv npoq

ro n[ool, roOtig ot duo oureq ortpodeq ouvtXOVTot n Uio Ue rqv otrtrn yrjpo ono roug entnotrilg eyropotoug prleg rou neptvtlou. To orlpo dev pnopo0v vo dtotpuyouv oure npoq ro ntroyto, ro0titg ot nepuovleg our6g npootpuovTot oT0uq rtro6ouq rou toXtorou rot rou rlprxou ooro0. Aev pnopouv vo btotpuyouv rpoq rnv etroooovo nuetro, 6tort ro oropto rqg roiloqroq ourqg onorppoooerot ono rrlv roro nepuov[o TOU 0upoYsvvqrtro0 dtotppoYUoToq 00po dev pnopotiv enloqg vo dtoq0youv npoq r0ug Ulp0uq, dtort 1 upevo-

rou eu0uloXtoro0 Bo0pou.

xoru

atpoppol'dtxo uedpo eyrorotre [nel rov otdotiro ototrrlvo qeperoL epnpog rpoq rt1 peol ypopprl rot entnoLrlg bLooxt(oxor vToq rov eu0uioXtoro po0po. tlope0erot npoq rov 6[ut otpLyxrlpo To

rou npotrrou, rov ono[o rol veup6vet rol onoretre[ euo].tlro o1peto roro Ttq XstpoupYtK6g eneppooerg orov eu0uioxLoro Bo0po. Btropq rou roro otpoppotdtro0 ve0pou odlyeI oe ovenopxl tretroupyro rou e rouolou ourou otptyrrrlpo.

ITepfnruo4 3-4 To o0po nou dterpuyov ono rr1 ptl[q rrlq oupo6oXou xuorrlg rqg ooOevoug 0o pnopotioov vo nepooouv ort1v neptTovoixl rottrorlro. Av rot ro roroyporo rrlg nu6trou ouXvo entntrdrovrot ono pn[l

NYEAOZ KAI NEPINEO

rlq

oupodoXOU KU0Trlq,

0KTLVO),oyrK6g

etrryxog 6der[e orr orrlv

I pl[n dev rlrov nrOovov vo eXer nportr10et ono ronoLo o[0 oolro rpqpo. llrOovororo r1 p1[1 rqq ruorqq nportrq0lre ono ro (dro ouplnreorrro rrunlpo orqv neptoXrl rrlg npoKetpevrl neplnrooq

qpLrqg o[prpuoqg nou nporo],eoe ror

yeporq

r0oq

pl[n orlv

H petrovo

0n0ue[ror

ntrlplq ovoro0lrono[q0l r0u

neprveou, npsnrr !0

ovor rqg

o0tou prlpodepporLroI veupou, rorr nou enuuyXoverol Us evs0l

enupovero gero ono p1 dLopnep6g rr0nlpo. H ovul enrqoveLo

tot.

oupodoXou ruorrlg rotr0nreror oXedov e-

iotrortrlpou ono nepuovoro. Irqv yuvo[ro ro nepuovoro ovoropnrtr npoq q prlrpo ovrfororlo npoq rn ouppotrfi rou orirporog xor rou rpoXrltrou qg, oXrlporr(ovToq r0 KulrclpnTpxo t<oAnupo. Ao0eve [q pe evdonepuovoirq pr1i1 qg ruorlg e[vor notru nr0ovov vo epqov(oouv oqpelo r<or oupnrdrporo epeOropou TOU nrprro-

nopouolo naOoyovrrrv UrKpoopyovroUrirv oro oupo eivor buvorov vo ovonruX0e( oqnnxrl neprov[rLda. Ko0dlq ro oupo o0pol(ovror 0rrlv ttsprrovoirl rortrorqro, e(vor duvorov roro qv en[rpouorl qg rortr(og vo dronroro0ei opBtrurqro orqv neprrotrrrrl vo(ou.

neptoXrl. H opBtrurlro ourq e(orpovi(eror ono

oprorepl ntreu-

po, eov o ooOevrlg orpoqel npoq r0 6e{ro ror ro ovri0ero. To e0plpo ouro elvor evderrrrxo unoplqg etreu0epou uypou ono pllrl ontroXvou oTnv reprrovoirl xoilorqro (orqv nporetp6vq neplnroroq ono rrlv oupodoXo ruorl). H npoondtrooq rqq oupoboXou

ruoqg yro qv

unepqprrq odo. lVlerol0

XerpoupyLrrl

oupo6oXou xuoqg roL rqg qBr-

rqq ouprpuoqq nopeppotrtreror ),enro orpdrpo Xotropo0 ouvDerrrou rorou nou onore),efror rup(otq ono trlnog. '0rov 1 x0oq elvor yeUorq, n npoo0Lo-roro enrqovero rrlg 6pXeror oe enorpfl pe ro npoo0Lo rorLroro ro(Xopo Xoprq vo nopepBotrtrerot ne prrovolo.

flepinruoq

BIBNOTPAAIA Ayoub SF: Anatomy of the external anal sphincter in man, Acta Anat

105:25,1979. Behrman RE, lVe/son Textbook of Pediatrics, ed 14. Philadelphia, WB

Saunders,1992. Dellenbach P, et al.: The transvaginal method for oocyte retrieval. An update on our experience

984-1

987) ln Jones HW, Jr, Schrader

C (Eds): ln Vitro Fertilization and 0ther lssisled

Reproduction.

New York, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 541,

p.111 ,19BBo Dellenbach P, Forrler A. lVoreau L, Rouard lVl, Badoc E: Direct intraper-

itoneal insemination. New treatrnent for cervical and unexplained

onororoorool rnS pnqnq 11g ovro enLpove [og 11q ouvn0oq yfveror ge

npo!;. l

np0q T0 novor ror eoo nep(nou 2,5 er. npLv ylver 1 eveoq. Eqloc:, ovoro0qronorlOouv en[or1q ror rtrodoL TOU Ulpoysvvnrrrou xol troyovoBouBovrrou ve0pou, xoOtrrg ror o nepLveiroq rtrodoq rou on[-

ro roroyporo rqg nudtrou.

elvor rdlolrepo eurotro vo unooreI

ro ootrrlvo yt0 v0 KoTovs1r10ei oro nepiveo.

375

infefiility n Jones HW, Jr, Schrader C (Eds): ln Vitro Fertilization and )ther, ssrsfed Reproduction. New York, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 541 , p. 761 , 1 9BBb. Dilts PV, Jr, Greene JW,

Roddick JW, Jr: Core Studies in obstetncs

and Gynecology, ed 3. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins 1981. Ellis H'. Clinical Anatomy. A Revision and Applied Anatomy for Clinical

Students, ed 7. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1983. Farrow GA: Urology. ln Gross A, Gross P, Langer B (Eds): Surgery. A

3-5

Cjmplete Guide for Patrents and their Families, Toronto, Harper & Collins, 1989.

Koro rqv droprero rqg peorlq neprveorop1q q roprl opli(er ono rov XotrLvo rolv prrpdrv Xeileotv (Err. 3-62A) rol errelveror oro ddpUo ro ptrevvoyovo rou rotrnou, ro revrpo Tou tteprvrou Kor

Healey JE, Jr, Hodge J. SurgicalAnatlmy, ed 2. Toronto, BC Declrer,

roug enrnotr1g gueg rou neplveou. To oL6otlxd reupo, npoepXogevo ono ro repo ntrdypo (12 l3 ror l4) ervor ro r0plo veupo rou nepLveou. 0eper rrvlrrreg ror oro0rlrrrdq rveg orqv nepLoXl, ro0tirg

(Eds): Surgery. A Complete Guide for Patients and their Families,

Kot oproUeveq peroyoyytrro169 oupnoOlrrreg lveg yro

Iqv

990.

WH, Masters VE, Kolodny RC Human Sexuality, ed

Glenview lllinois, Scott, Foresman, 1988.

yuvolro ro orboriro veupo blver ro veupo rou neptvrlou ror ro

lVloore KL: The Developing Human: Clinically

rrlg rtreLrop[dog. To veupo rou neplveou rorotrrlyer

oe duo onfoOroug XertrLr<oug r],odoug,nou onooX[(ovror oe prrpoug retrLroug puiro0q rtrodoug. 0r rel,euro[or rpdpovroL oro enrno],19 K0r ro tv ror po0er neprverro drooqpo ror veuprilvouv roug pueg neproXqq K0TTOV potrpo rou npodopou. To poXro[o veripo rrlg

rtreuopldog rorovdgeror oqv nooOr1 Kor Touq o65veg

r],euo-

prdog r<o0rirg ror ro bdppo rrlg neproXrlq.

Toronto, Harper & Collins 1989. lVlasters

ro nep[veo.

poXto[o veupo

Hannah WJ: Obstetrics and Gynecology, ln Gross A, Gross P, Langer

)riented Embryology, ed

Philadelphia WB Saunders 1988 Oelrich TlVl. The urethral sphincter muscle in the male Am

Anat

158:2,1980. 0elrich TlVl The striated urogenital sphincter muscle in the fema

Rec 205:223,1983.

Warwick

R (Ed): Nomina Anatomica, ed 6.

Livingstone,

Edinburgh. Church

989.

nr-

Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH: Gray's Anatony,37.

prveixlq odou, ro odlyo oqpero elvor ro Loytox1 riprapo (Err. 374). ltlle rrlv oo0ev1 oe yuvotroLoyrrl 06oq, ro loXloro rupropo eivot qqtroq1ro. E66, ro o16oriro veupo ovoduerol ono rov ordor'r-

Woodburne RT, Burkel WE: Essenfr,a/s of Human Anatany. ed 8. New

Koro rqv ovoro04ronolqo1 rou oLdoirrou ve[pou Ueoo Trlq

New York, Churchill Livingstone 1989. York, Oxford University Press 1988.