Lo res indonesia the untold stories

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MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF INFORMATION AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA


WORDS OF REMARKS

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology is proud to present this publication to the public containing various treasure the country has that perhaps many of us know little about. That is why we title this publication as Indonesia; The Untold Stories. Over many years of development and in pursuit of our own identity, we have come to realize that many information, history, geography, anthropology, culture, national treasure and many more nation’s belongings we learnt from the west. In fact, our existence as a nation which dated back to thousands of years ago had very little place in the world history. Only after foreign settlement in Indonesia, we then began our nation and all its vast diversity being told to the public. FREDDY H. TULUNG

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

i DIRECTOR GENERAL OF INFORMATION AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Naturally we have been grateful to all those explorer, historians, and many more foreign discoverers who have been passionate enough to write about our country. Nevertheless, to further give us a sense of unity or our own identity, the Ministry aims at publishing this book to seek wisdom from our own identity. It is with this purpose we hope to accomplish a clear path towards our destiny and help develope a direction for the future path towards prosperity. We hope this publication will bring about pride and joy to everyone who simply never ceases to be amazed about this country, what it stands for and what make it so special to all of us. Enjoy reading and God Bless Indonesia.


FOREWORD

Geography is destiny. This book called INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES is the premiere series of publication about the country’s best kept secrets information that astonishes not just every Indonesian, but the world alike. This coffee table style and format is designed to ease and entertain readers with picturesque and easy to digest content of all ages and walks of life.

DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND PROVISION

With so much to write about this country, we are confident that we will follow production of the next series and will welcome contributions, critics or even some photographic materials to enrich our library. We wish to acknowledge a special friend from Good News From Indonesia movement who relentlessly strive to spread the good news about this country. Please also join us in wishing all of Indonesian the very best and may this book brings the best of us; today, tomorrow and beyond.

ii INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

DEDET SURYA NANDIKA

Indonesia which spans over 5,000 kilometers from east to west or equivalent range of Vladivostok to Sweden is a country of endless wonders and diversity waiting to be discovered. Out of 17,500 islands less than 6% even have names. No wonder if Indonesia is called with many precious phrases; from the jewels of equator, the amazon of the sea, the most diverse rainforest, and most of all the custodian of coral reef triangle. Our oceans contribute over 30% of air all creatures breathe in this planet.


INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES EDITOR IN CHIEF Freddy H. Tulung REDACTOR Dedet Surya Nandika EDITOR Rosmiati

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

iii Directorate of Information Management and Provision Directorate General of Information and Public Communication Ministry of Communication and Information Technology Republic of Indonesia ditppi@mail.kominfo.go.id w w w. k o m i n f o.g o. i d

TRANSLATORS Ermiel Thabrani Muhammad Azhar Iskandar Zainal Septa Dewi Anggraeni Donum Theo Filmon Leonard Warouw Penni Patmawati Rusman Rina Alexandra Siti Chodijah Sugiarti Wilda Stiana

WRITERS Teguh Imawan Akhyari Hananto (GNFI) Dimas Aditya Nugraha Suminto Yuliarso Farida Dewi Maharani Riana Riskinandini Nuniek Aprianti Wibowo Renita Sukma Yusri Sinambela Titania Nurrahim Bayu Dwi Purnomo Dadang Sutrisna Agus Setia Budiawan SECRETARIAT Heryadi Naca Tri Murwanti Syafaat Rokayah Lucy Tri Amintasari Yudi Syahrial Hanrosboy Atikah Aida Susilowati GRAPHIC DESAINER Agus Kustiwa M Sabur Danang Firmansyah


i

WORDS OF REMARKS

47

INDONESIA’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS WORLD PEACE

ii

FOREWORD

49

THE ROLE OF INDONESIA IN INTERNATIONAL FORUM

1

46 YEARS TRAVELING AROUND INDONESIA

51

CHAMPION OF DEMOCRACY

3

INDONESIA IS AS LARGE AS EUROPE

52

INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)

5

THERE ARE 707 LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA

53

BENGAWAN SOLO, AND TO THE DISTANT THE RIVER FLOWS

7

5 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA

55

ECHOES OF GAMELAN UNDER THE FEET OF EIFFEL TOWER

9

INDONESIANS FOR MANKIND

56

INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

RUN ISLAND, MOLUCCAS,

57

PENCAK SILAT FOR THE WORLD

MORE VALUABLE THAN MANHATTAN, NEW YORK

59

CIMANDE VILLAGE, THE BIRTHPLACE OF FAMOUS PENCAK SILAT

15

SPICES TO SPICE UP LIVES

61

OLD TRADITIONS NEVER FADE AWAY

17

MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION

63

NELSON MANDELA PROMOTED BATIK IN UNITED NATIONS

iv

19

THE LAND OF WEDHUS GEMBEL

65

KOTEKA AND PAPUA

21

LIVING HARMONIOUSLY WITH CALAMITY

66

INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN

23

LAKE TOBA, ONE OF THE WORLD’S TOP TEN DEEPEST LAKE

67

QUAKEPROOF TRADITIONAL HOUSES

25

TROWULAN, TEMPLE OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTH EAST ASIA

69

TRI HITA KARANA, ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION TRADITION

27

PINISI, THE CONQUEROR OF SEVEN OCEANS

71

INDONESIA, A NATION OF 1000 TEMPLES

29

A GLIMPSE OF INDONESIAN OVERSEAS

75

STANDING THROUGH THE TEST OF TIME

31

HERBAL INDONESIA

77

TRIBUTES TO THE LATE AND ETERNAL SOULS

33

INDONESIAN APHRODISIAC BLEND

79

INDONESIA CYBER WAVESCAPE

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

TABLE OF CONTENT

35

LUWAK COFFEE, THE MOST EXPENSIVE COFFEE IN THE WORLD

80

ON-LINE CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY

37

THE GREEN GOLD OF INDONESIA

81

DINAMIKA MEDIA MASSA MUTAKHIR

39

GIGANTIC LEAVES

83

BANGKA AND BELITUNG’S TIN ON WORLD’S PHONES

40

BIODIVERSITY

85

INDONESIA: A TREASURE ISLAND

41

THE LAST JURASSIC ANIMAL ON EARTH

87

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION SOURCES

45

INDONESIA: THE WORLD’S GREATEST FAUNA HABITAT

13


46 YEARS

TRAVELING AROUND INDONESIA If we take one day trip on every island, it will take 46 years to end the trip across the archipelago.

THE WORLD LARGEST ARCHIPELAGO BETWEEN TWO CONTINENTS; ASIA AND AUSTRALA

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

1

92

The distance between the tip to the top of Indonesia

is longer than the continental US.

frontier small islands


INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO :

5.8 MILLION KM2 (75%) SEA AREA

COASTLINES

7.7 MILLION KM2

95,181 KM

17,480 Total number of islands

87.62% Uninhabited

12.38% Inhabited

13,466 islands registered at the United Nations

Sources: Ministry of Marines Affairs and Fisheries Affairs

2 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

1.9 MILLION KM2 (25%) LAND AREA


INDONESIA IS AS LARGE AS EUROPE

2

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

3

SUMATERA

443,066 KM2 10 PROVINCES 119 REGENCIES 34 CITIES

NAGARI SIKABUKABU TANJUANG HARO PADANG PANJANG, IN LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE, is THE LONGEST NAME FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AREA IN INDONESIA

The archipelago stretches farther than the the continental of US

1

BORNEO

539,460 KM2 5 PROVINCES 47 REGENCIES AND 9 CITIES

BANTEN, WEST PAPUA, EAST BORNEO, NORTH BORNEO AND NORTH MOLUCCAS are Indonesian provinces THAT DO NOT MAKE THEIR BIGGEST CITIES THEIR CAPITAL CITIES

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JAVA

138,794 KM2 6 PROVINCES 85 REGENCIES 34 CITIES


OF INDONESIA’S MAJOR ISLANDS ARE IN THE TOP TEN LARGEST ISLANDS IN THE WORLD

4

6

Greenland : 2,166,086 km² Papua Island (including New Guinea) : 890,000 km² Borneo Island (Including Malaysia & Brunei) : 743,330 km² Madagascar 587,041 km² Baffin Island 507,451 km²

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Sumatera : 443,065.8 km2 Honshu : 230,500 km² Great Britain : 218,595 km² Victoria Island: 217,291 km² Ellesmere Island: 196,235 km2

INDONESIA 34 PROVINCES 410 REGENCIES 98 CITIES

CELEBES

180,681 KM2 6 PROVINCES 65 REGENCIES 11 CITIES

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BALI & NUSA TENGGARA 3 PROVINCES 37 REGENCIES 4 CITIES

PAPUA

421,981 KM2 MOLUCCAS & PAPUA: 4 PROVINCES 57 REGENCIES 6 CITIES

MERAUKE DISTRICT is THE FAR EAST DISTRICT IN INDONESIA, AND ALSO THE BIGGEST (45,071 KM2), or more than 14 TIMES LARGER THAN YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL DISTRICT’S AREA (3,185,80 KM2)

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs

4 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.


THERE ARE 707 LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA The world speaks over 7,105 languages and 10% or 707 of them are spoken in Indonesia. One single island Papua New Guinea is home to 836 languages and dialects. All these come with vast cultural and ethnic diversity.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

5

284

707

languages in Europe

languages in Indonesia

7,105 languages in the world

2,304 languages in Asia


“Selamat malam hadirin sekalian, selamat berpisah dan sampai bertemu lagi di lain waktu (Good night

Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian

people, goodbye and until we meet again)” is the voice

Language is taught in

of ILYAS HARUN, speaking in Bahasa Indonesia,

LANGUAGE CENTERS

taped in a gold record in VOYAGER I spaceship. The ship was launched by NASA in 1977 and has

IN 48

now reached the outer border of our solar system.

COUNTRIES

The record was put in Voyager I spaceship as an anticipation of alien encounter, if the ship is accidently caught by extraterestrial beings.

SINCE DECEMBER 1997, BAHASA INDONESIA HAS BECOME THE

SECOND

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE It means that Bahasa Indonesia is equal to English, French, and Japanese, as prioritised second languages.

According to www.internetworldstat.com

BAHASA INDONESIA IS THE

8 MOST TH

SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

Bahasa Indonesia is the Right now, there are over than

93,000 VOCABULARIES

TH

in Bahasa Indonesia. IT WILL BE INCREASED BY 5,000 FROM NEW ADOPTED WORDS.

most popular language in cyberspace.

Sources : Summer Institute of Linguistics International; global.britanica.com

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM.


5 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA BORNEO

The number of dialects is

CELEBES

SUMATERA

The number of dialects is

The number of dialect is

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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In Sumatera, every 50 Km apart, a different language or dialect is spoken.

JAVA & BALI

The number of dialects is

In February 20013, Balinese language is added to Google translation feature in addition to the existing Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia


MOST SPOKEN DIALECTS

MOLUCCAS

JAVANESE LANGUAGE (75.5 MILLION)

154 The number of dialects is

SUNDANESE LANGUAGE (27 MILLION) MALAY LANGUAGE (20 MILLION)

MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE (6.5 MILLION)

PAPUA

The number of dialects is

ETHNIC DIALECTS SPOKEN BY LESS THAN 10 PEOPLE :

NUSA TENGGARA

The number of dialects is

• • • • • • • Source : Summer Institute of Linguistics International

Lengilu Hoti Piru Hukumina Hulung Bonerif and Woria

8 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

MADURANESE LANGUAGE (13.6 MILLION)


INDONESIANS

FOR MANKIND

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

9

Distinguished scholar, scientists and former President of Indonesia made remarkable contribution to mankind.

BACHRUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE Indonesia’s third President is also a renown aeronautic engineer who holds 46 global patents.


“HABIBIE THEOREM”

Aeronautics and Space Administration USA (NASA).

In the history of aircraft making, until Habibie’s theory of CRACK PROGRESSION was discovered and published,

WORLD-CLASS CEO

it was not exactly known that an aircraft overtime can

He was the only non German native who sat as

produce a metal fatigue which can be fatal if early detection

the second in command in the biggest aircraft

method was not in place. His theory has made air travel

manufacturer located in Hamburg, Germany.

safer, more efficient and easier to maintain. Habibie’s IQ is 200; far more superior than the world

an airline (longer distance), fuel efficiency and carrying

greatest intellects, Albert Einstein who scored 160,

capacity. All this is because his theory improve the aircraft

higher than Galleleo (165) or even Sir Isaac Newton

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weight factor. In other words, the weight of an aircraft is

(190).

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

A BRAIN BEYOND. His theory also further extend the cruising capacity of

reduced but the carrying capacity and distance coverage is increased. It makes a lot of economic sense, because less

STANDING BY FOR THE R80 TO FLY

is more.

Habibie who is now almost 80 never loses his passion and drive to invest a better aircraft product. Now, he is

VERTICAL PLANE

undertaking a project called R80. This aircraft is ideal

Habibie was entrusted to design a whole new aircraft alone.

to help Indonesia bridge its thousand islands because

One of his masterpiece is the PROTOTYPE DO-31, a first

it can take off and land at short runways and on short

propeller plane which is capable of taking off and landing

flights (hoppers). It is expected to begin its maiden

vertically. This project was developed by HFB and Dornier

flight in 2016.

industry. The design was later purchased by the National


SOSROBAHU, TJOKORDA RAKA SUKAWATI’S ROAD CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE Rotating fly over road construction is a technique invented by Tjokorda Raka Sukawati and it is called Sosrobahu method or tehnique. This technique allows traffic underneath to flow undisturbed thus easing up the road congestion which otherwise is caused by the construction. Patents have been registered worldwide.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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WIWEKO SOEPONO, THE INVENTOR OF TWO CREW COCKPIT DESIGN In the past, wide-body commercial aircraft was typically flown by 3—5 people in the cockpit. It was Wiweko Soepono who initiated the idea to fly a wide-body airplane with a crew of two in the cockpit. Mr. Soepono who was also the first Asian to fly over the Pacific using a single engine plane invented: Forward Facing Crew Cockpit (FFCC) on Airbus A300-B4. This allows a wide body aircraft flown by two people instead of commonly by 3-5 people.


THE GUERRILLA WAR STRATEGY OF ABDUL HARIS NASUTION Abdul Haris Nasution, a 5-star General with years of guerrilla combat experience against foreign colonialism wrote a fascinating text book on guerrilla warfare and used as a mandatory learning reference in many of the world’s elite military schools including the West Point, USA. This book is available in various world’s languages.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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KHOIRUL ANWAR’S 4G TECHNOLOGIES Dr. Eng. Khoirul Anwar is the inventor of and, at the same time, holds the patent of two FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) technologies used for high-speed satellite and 4G (Uplink). This method is able to solve the problem of the future wireless transmission that requires both low energy and high accuracy. This technology has become the world standard, namely the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) No. ITU-R S.1878 and ITU-R S.2173

Sources : indonesiasetara.org; runway-aviation.com


RUN ISLAND, MOLUCCAS,

MORE VALUABLE THAN MANHATTAN, NEW YORK In late 17th century, a far away little island called Run in Moluccas was heavily disputed by the Dutch and the British; all in the interest of dominating the world’s major spices. The two eventually ceased fighting and signed a treaty and agreed to exchange Manhattan Island in New York (formerly New Amsterdam) with Run Island, the world’s top nutmeg producer. Nutmeg was then more valuable and much more needed than gold.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

13

NAIRA ISLAND

AI ISLAND RUN ISLAND

BANDA ISLAND


R(H)UN ISLAND is one of the smallest islands of the Banda Islands,

LESS THAN TWO MILES LONG AND THREE QUARTER OF A MILE WIDE. Indonesia. Run Island is

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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Source : business.time.com


SPICES TO SPICE UP LIVES

M

uch of Indonesian history recorded on the global history is founded on the explorers’ pursuance of exotic

goods and trading materials. The European fleet of merchant ships went to Indonesia in the 16th century was primarily attracted because of the abundance of spices particularly in the

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

15

tip eastern part of Indonesia. No wonder this country is called the Spice Islands. These spices were not just in high demand in Europe, some of them were even more precious than gold. Exotic goods from far away islands were considered perfect gifts for their Majesties, Kings or Queens of these European Kingdoms. Famous explorer such as Columbus, Marco Polo, Magellan and Vasco de Gama were among thousand of others who journeyed a world and beyond and set foot on these islands


Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies (now Indonesia and beyond or Nusantara) which was his predetermined destination. He called the islanders as INDIOS which was later more popular as INDIAN.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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INDONESIA, PARTICULARLY THE NORTH CELEBES, MOLUCCAS AND NORTH MOLUCCAS SUPPLY OVER THREE QUARTER OF THE WORLD’S NUTMEGS NEEDS. Source: business.time.com


MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION

WAS RECORDED AS THE WORLD’S MOST CATASTROPHIC DISASTER IN MODERN HISTORY TAMBORA SPEWED OUT ASH, DUST, AND NO LESS TONS 40 0 MILLION

27 MILES

THAN 400

MILLION TONS OF SULPHURIC GASES MILES PERPENDICULAR TO

INTO THE AIR, UP TO 27

THE STRATOSPHERE, FAR ABOVE THE CLOUDS.

THE ERUPTION OF TAMBORA IS 10 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN THE ERUPTION OF KRAKATOA, AND

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

17

10.000 X

10,000 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN THE ERUPTION OF EYJAFJALLAJÖKULL IN ICELAND IN 2010.

THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CLASSIFIED THE ERUPTION OF MOUNT TAMBORA AS THE MOST POWERFUL VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN MODERN HISTORY.

AS THE RESULT OF TAMBORA ERUPTION, THE EARTH WAS COVERED BY DARKNESS,

WHICH INSPIRED THE BIRTH OF LEGENDARY MYSTERY NOVELS SUCH AS ‘DARKNESS’ BY LORD BYRON, ‘THE VAMPYRE’ BY DR. JOHN PALIDORI AND ‘FRANKENSTEIN’ BY MARY SHELLEY.


YEAR WITHOUT SUMMER, DATES BACK TO 1816—1818, TRIGGERED CROP FAILURES AND DEATHS IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD.

THOMAS JEFFERSON BECAME THE FIRST FORMER US PRESIDENT WHO WAS SENT INTO DEBT DUE TO CROP FAILURES IN VIRGINIA AS A RESULT OF BIZARRE WEATHER CAUSED BY MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION.

RESULTING IN NAPOLEON’S DEFEAT IN THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO DUE TO EXTREME WEATHER IN 1815.

A 34-YEAR-OLD GERMAN, KARL FREIHERR VON DRAIS, INVENTED DRAISINE, A TWO-WHEELED WOODEN TRANSPORTATION AS A SUBSTITUTE OF HORSE AT THE TIME OF TAMBORA ERUPTION.

Sources : nationalgeographic.co.id; Fresh Water Ecology

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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THE LAND OF WEDHUS GEMBEL

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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THE TWO LARGEST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EVER RECORDED IN THE WORLD HISTORY : MOUNT TAMBORA, West Nusa

MOUNT KRAKATOA in 1883. THE

Tenggara, in 1815, spewed out 1.7

ERUPTION WAS EQUIVALENT TO 13,000

MILLION TONS OF ASH that covered

TIMES THE HIROSHIMA ATOMIC BOMB.

the atmosphere as far as Europe for a long period of time.


WEDHUS GEMBEL

M

ount Merapi’s Wedhus Gembel is a hot cloud that could vaporize human body with the burning effect similar to that of high voltage electric shock or a lightning strike.

Mount Merapi which is still active now often burst its ashes high up in the sky forming a dense cloud resembling the shape of goat or lamb fur. This cloud differs from ordinary cloud. It is very dense and curly and can be seen from miles away. The Javanese believes that such a great natural power must be named wisely as not to reflect fear.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

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Sources : indonesia.travel; esdm.go.id


LIVING HARMONIOUSLY WITH CALAMITY

I

ndonesia is situated in The Ring of Fire where many active volcanoes are located. Its marine seabeds are home of the world’s most active tectonic plates and always on a constant collision. They are Euro-Australian, EuroAsian and Pacific plates.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

21

Indonesian must learnt to adapt, adopt and mitigate with its geographic nature which more often produce more wealth and goodness than disasters if we all know how to live in harmony with our environment.


Almost all earthquakes including the most catastrophic ones occur in the span of ring of fire.

INDONESIA HAS 129 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AND THREE MAJOR TECTONIC PLATES COLLISION THAT OCCURS FREQUENTLY. This creates a constant

phenomenon and trend of tectonic, and seismic earthquakes. Everyday, thousands of earthquakes take place in this archipelago. Fortunately, most of them scored low on Richter scale because most occur very deep under the oceans’ beds. Thus, the effect is less devastating. But when a major collision occurs in shallow water, a giant tsunami 22 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

and aftermath is felt thousands of miles away.

Sources : bappenas.go.id; nationalgeographic.com; indonesia.travel;


LAKE TOBA, Lake Toba, in which Samosir Island is located, is THE

DEEPEST AND THE BIGGEST VOLCANIC-FORMED LAKE IN THE WORLD.

This was actually a caldera from a Super Eruption of an extinct Mount Toba. The uplift magma surfacing from the deep is a volcanic activity that form Samosir island.

ONE OF THE WORLD’S TOP TEN DEEPEST LAKE TOTAL AREA OF LAKE TOBA:

1,130 KM²

SAMOSIR ISLAND ELEVATION:

1,000 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL LAKE TOBA DIMENSION:

100 KM LONG; 35 KM WIDE

23 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

SAMOSIR ISLAND SURFACE AREA:

630 KM²

DEPTH OF LAKE TOBA:

505 M (RANKED 9

IN THE WORLD’S DEEPEST LAKE)

OVER 1,500 LAKES IN INDONESIA with 840 LARGE ONES There are

AND THE REMAINING SMALL ONES.

TH

Lake Toba is located IN

SUMATERA, THE 5TH LARGEST ISLAND IN THE WORLD.


AT AN ALTITUDE OF

1,960 MASL.

IN 2007, LAKE

PANIAI,

PANIAI REGENCY, PAPUA,

WAS RECOGNIZED BY 157 COUNTRIES ATTENDED THE WORLD LAKE CONFERENCE HELD IN INDIA, FOR ITS BEAUTY. LAKE PANIAI IS AN ENDEMIC HABITAT OF PAPUA SHRIMP WHICH IS

KNOWN AS “UDANG

SELINGKUH” (OR LITERALLY TRANSLATES AS “CHEATING SHRIMP” OR CHERAX ALBERTISII) -A SHRIMP WITH BIG CLAWS/ FLOPS SIMILAR TO CRABTHE POPULATION OF THIS CREATURE IS NOW CONSIDERED ENDANGERED.

LAKE MATANO IN SOROWAKO (SOUTH CELEBES) WITH 600 METERS DEEP

LAKE KAKABAN IN DERAWAN ISLAND, EAST BORNEO, IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST JELLYFISH LAKE WHICH COVERS AN AREA OF 5KM2. THERE ONLY TWO

IS THE DEEPEST LAKE

COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD WHICH HAS

IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE 9TH DEEPEST LAKE IN THE WORLD.

LAKE KELIMUTU (FLORES ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA) CONSISTED OF THREE

COLORED CRATER LAKES NAMELY TIWU ATA POLO, TIWU NUAMURI KOO FAI, AND TIWU ATA MBUPU. EACH OF THE THREE LAKE HAS DIFFERENT COLOR NAMELY RED, BLUE, AND WHITE.

JELLYFISH LAKE, NAMELY

INDONESIA.

PALAU AND

THERE ARE 7JELLYFISH

LAKES IN INDONESIA, NAMELY: 1. LAKEKAKABAN, KAKABAN ISLAND OF THEDERAWAN ISLANDS, EAST BORNEO 2. LAKEHAJIBUANG, MARATUA ISLAND, EAST BORNEO 3. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN KARAWAPOP, MISOOL ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 4. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN SUMALELEN, MISOOL ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 5. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN BATANPALE, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 6. LAKE MARIONA, TOGEAN ISLAND, CENTRAL CELEBES 7. LAKELANDU, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

LAKE SENTANI, PAPUA, HAS ITS OWN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF FRESHWATER

SHARK WHICH

IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS SAW SHARK OR SENTANI SHARK. Sources : worldatlas.com; geology.com;

24 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

LAKE GUNUNG TUJUH IN JAMBI IS THE HIGHEST LAKE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, LOCATED


OVER

807 kingdoms REIGNED IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

25


MAJAPAHIT • While Italy has Pompeii, Peru has Machu Pichu, Jordan has Petra, Cambodia has AngkorWat, Greece has the Acropolis, INDONESIA HAS TROWULAN; THE RUINS OF THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, MAJAPAHIT. • Majapahit was the last Hindu-Buddhist Empire that ruled the archipelago and became the largest

TEMPLE OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

empire in the history of Indonesia. IT GAINED POWER OVER JAVA, SUMATRA, MALAY PENINSULA, BORNEO, TO EAST INDONESIA. • INDONESIA’S FLAG COLOR RESEMBLED TO MAJAPAHIT FLAG which is RED OVER WHITE. • KALI MAJAPAHIT, a newly emerged martial art popular in the Philippines was actually originated from Majapahit war troops. Kali Majapahit means the Kris (dagger-like weapon) of Majapahit. In the manuscript of Majapahit in Negarakertagama is called Sundang Majapahit which a form of martial art using Kris and swords as its lethal weapons.

Source : indonesia.travel

26 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

TROWULAN,


PINISI,

THE CONQUEROR OF SEVEN OCEANS PINISI IS A BUGINESE TRADITIONAL SHIP THAT WAS JOURNEYING THE WORLD’S GREATEST OCEANS SINCE 14TH CENTURY. Pinisi average Death Weight Tonnage or DWT is between 100 to 200 TONS and is hand built by master craft men and ship builders using the best available wooden INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

27

materials from the islands.

INDONESIA’S OCEAN VOYAGE LEGACY WAS MADE POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF PINISI. It is one among other prominent signs of a true marine nation.


Indonesia’s renown marine tribes, THE BUGINESE TRAVELED AS FAR AS AUSTRALIA IN 17TH CENTURY BEFORE EUROPEAN SET FOOD ON THIS CONTINENT. A proof of this journey was well recorded in THE ABORIGINES PAINTING. This painting must be a manifestation of an important historical event because Aborigines were land lock not marine tribe.

We can find Buginese villages almost in all Indonesian regions. THE

SPREADING OF BUGINESE OCEANIC VOYAGES HAD REACHED ASIA PACIFIC AND BEYOND.

CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA CALLED MACCASSAR (now called There is place in

Makassar, the capital city of South Celebes). This is a landmark and legacy of Buginese settlement and voyages.

Source : wikipedia

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

28


A GLIMPSE OF INDONESIAN OVERSEAS THE AVERAGE INCOME of Indonesian citizen in the The United States is HIGHER than an average The United States citizen.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

29

1 OUT OF 20 PEOPLE IN THE WORLD IS INDONESIAN AND THEY ARE EVERYWHERE. No less than 8 MILLION Indonesian Overseas spread all over the world. This number is equal to the population of Sweden and Austria or even twice of Singapore’s population. Indonesian overseas annually contributes to Indonesian foreign exchange up to US$ 7BILLION, OR NEARLY RP.70TRILLION. This amount is almost equal to the annual allocation for special autonomy fund in 2012 State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) which transferred by central government to local governments. There are currently 56 INDONESIAN OVERSEASNETWORK (IDN) BRANCHES IN 26 COUNTRIES.


Javanese people in

DURING 1890-1939 OVER 30 THOUSANDS FORCE LABORS WERE BROUGHT TO SURINAME FROM JAVA BY THE DUTCH to work on

Suriname are STILL

USING JAVANESE LANGUAGE for naming a person or a village.

KAWANUA is Minahasa

sugar cane plantation. They have since blended with local natives and form a mixed culture of Javanese and Surinamese.

people who do not live in the land of Minahasa. Kawanua in Minahasa language is often interpreted as inhabitants of the land or the united

TODAY, A CLEAR SIGNS AND LEGACY OF JAVANESE ARE EMBEDDED IN VARIOUS LANDMARKS OF THE COUNTRY. Many

Wanuas or “MINAESA”

30 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

places have been named in Javanese meanings and language. This is most eminent in the names of Surinamese people who are natively Javanese

(MINAHASA PEOPLE)

SURINAME

Sources : setkab.go.id; indonesiadiaspora.com.au;


INDONESIAN HERBS

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

31

INDONESIA HAS THE 2ND LARGEST BIODIVERSITY IN THE WORLD AFTER BRAZIL. 75% OF ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES CAN BE FOUND IN INDONESIA.

THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY OF UNIVERSITY OF GAJAH MADA IN YOGYAKARTA IS THE ONLY UNIVERSITY IN INDONESIA THAT TEACHES HERBAL PHARMACY


HERBAL MEDICINES MARKET

2012 US$ 1.1 BILLIONS 2015(DOMESTIC MARKET) US$ 1.8 BILLIONS 2015(FOREIGN MARKET) US$ 1.5 BILLIONS

90,000 plant species have been used as herbal medicine.

32

7,500 are medicine plants

940 species have been identified

1,845 species have been inventoried

283 species have been registered as jamu (traditional medicine) at Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM)

Indonesia has been voiced by APEC ECONOMIES as THE CENTER FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HERBAL DEVELOPMENT Sources : Research and Development Ministry of Agriculture; National Agency of Drug and Food Control; Ministry of Health.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

40,000 plant species


INDONESIAN APHRODISIAC BLEND Countless herbal plants and spices grow in these lush tropical islands. any are known to be aphrodisiac.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

33

PURWOCENG, JAVANESE APHRODISIAC Grows in high altitude of Dieng plateau. It warms the human body and helps blood circulation thus improving reproduction system and libido.

TANGKUR BUAYA, MAKES YOU AS STRONG AS A CROCODILE Tangkur Buaya or Croc’s genital is a rare commodity and must not be harvested from wild crocodile. This is men’s supplement for an increased love appetites.


INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

34

PASAK BUMI,

MADURESE HERBAL BLEND,

INDONESIAN FOREST APHRODISIAC

NEXT ROUND COMES AROUND

Pasak Bumi or loosely translated as earth pillar is an

Madura, an island off Surabaya coast is well known for its

earth Aphrodisiac growing over 30 feet underground. The herbal is best consumed with tea, ginger and a twist of lemon.

herbal aphrodisiac. A blend of ginger, tumeric, eggs, honey and fish oil is a natural way of maintaining healthy vitality and love scent. Sources : Research and Development Ministry of Agriculture; National Agency of Drug and Food Control; Ministry of Health.


LUWAK COFFEE, THE MOST EXPENSIVE COFFEE IN THE WORLD This coffee costs US$ 160/pound. You must be wondering how it tastes. Luwak coffee is natural coffee beans blended in the stomach of a Civet (mongoose family). These beans can only be found in the faeces of these animals. INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

35

It was told that during the early colonial plantation region of Indonesia, the plantation workers were only allowed to drink these Luwak coffee. Only recently, the world’s coffee connoisseur realized that this coffee is exotic and has a special taste found in no other coffee beans families.


750.000 tons

1,6 billions

is Indonesian coffee export value Indonesia is the

4

th

PRIVATE PLANTATIONS AND GOVERNMENT

2.000.000

coffee stakeholder

largest coffee producing country in the world.

36

PEOPLE’S PLANTATION

96%

of coffee plantation in Indonesia are individually owned by local farmers, the other belongs to private plantations and government (PTP Nusantara)

4%

1.300.000 hectares of coffee plantation

950 gr/capita local consumption

350,000 p/a Export is Indonesian coffee export volume.

robusta coffee (85%) and arabica (15%) 4th largest in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. 50 export destination countries of Indonesian coffee with USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom as the main destinations. Sources : therichest.com; aeki-aice.org

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

The amount of coffee production in Indonesia


THE GREEN GOLD OF INDONESIA RUBBER

COFFEE

PALM TREE COCONUT

CACAO

PEPPER

PATCHOULI

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

37

SUNAN PECAN

TEA

15 PRIMARY PLANTATIONS IN INDONESIA

JATROPHA CURCAS TOBACCO

COTTON SUGARCANE

CLOVE CASHEW


RUBBER Indonesia is the world’s

2ND

LARGEST PRODUCING

COUNTRY of natural rubber after Thailand

PALM TREE

CACAO

INDONESIA IS THE LARGEST PALM OIL PRODUCER IN THE WORLD. In Indonesia, the spreads are in the region

Indonesian natural rubber production in 2012 reached

3.27 MILLION TONS

of Aceh, the east coast of Sumatra, Java, and Celebes. STATE FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE EXPORT OF CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) IS 13.5 TRILLION RUPIAH

Indonesia is 18% cacao producer in the world which is number 3 after Ivory Coast and Ghana

95% of cacao plantation is owned and Indonesia controls ±27% - and

harvested by 1.7 MILLION local farmers.

Thailand ±30% - of the world’s

This resonates a significant livelihood for

demand of natural rubber.

smallholders.

Indonesian rubber production is almost 100% in the form of semi-finished upstream industry products: Ribbed Smoke Sheet, Standard Indonesian Rubber, Unsmoked Sheet, and Concentrated Latex. While for downstream production, Indonesia still has very limited number of producers, including PT Industri Karet Nusantara which is a subsidiary

A total of 95% cacao plantations owned by individual farmers covering about 1.7 MILLION FARMERS in Indonesia FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRIBUTED REACHED US$ 1.05 BILLION IN 2012 The total of national production of cacao beans in 2012 REACHED 712,000 TONS

of PT Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan, North Sumatra.

Source: Ministry of Agriculture

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

38


GIGANTIC LEAVES IN LANGKAT district of NORTH SUMATRA particularly in the mountain scape of LEUSER, you will find A PALM LEAF LIKE MEASURING UP TO 4 TIMES THE HEIGHTS OF AN ADULT HUMAN. The locals call it DAUN SANG OR JOEY PALM. This one is the DIAMOND OF JOEY PALM and endemic to this habitat. These leaves are a common BUILDING MATERIALS in these areas.

THE SANG LEAVES (JOHANNESTIJSMANIA ALTIFRONS) belongs to the the palm family

39 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

(Arecaceae). Indonesia’s diversity of palm ranks first in the world which reached 477

SPECIES, 225 SPECIES OF WHICH ARE ENDEMIC.

6M

1,7 M Sources : www.goodnewsfromindonesia.com www.pacsoa.org.au


BIODIVERSITY 350

Indonesia ranks 8th

60%

out of 10 countries with THE LARGEST NATURAL FOREST AREA IN THE WORLD

60% of the world’s rattan species can be found in Indonesia. 350 OF 600 SPECIES OF THE WORLD’S RATTAN grow in Indonesia’s tropical rain forest habitat.

SPECIES

RAFFLESIA,

Indonesia has the most diversed species of Meranti or shorea Dipterocarpus in the world,

THE WORLD’S LARGEST FLOWER

with more than 400 species.

From 32 species of Rafflesia in Southeast Asia, 17 can be found in Indonesia. RAFFLESIA ARNOLDI IS THE with ALMOST 1 METER IN DIAMETER AND WEIGHING UP TO 11 KG, endemic in Bengkulu, Indonesia.

INDONESIA HAS THE LARGEST RAINFOREST IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. The total area of tropical forest in Indonesia

INDONESIA IS A COUNTRY WITH THE SECOND LARGEST BIODIVERSITY IN THE WORLD, REACHING 20,000 SPECIES, 40%

REACHED 98.56 MILLION HECTARES or 52.4% of the

are endemic or native plants in

total land in Indonesia.

Indonesia.

40%

THE WORLD’S SMALLEST ORCHID •

Orchids (Orchidaceae) reached 6,000 SPECIES OF ORCHIDS

The Indonesian Scientific Institution (LIPI) duirng the period of 2009-2013 found 9 NEW ENDEMIC species of ORCHIDS.

Oberonia sp, THE SMALLEST ORCHID IN THE WORLD, native to Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra and SUGARCANE ORCHID (GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM) SPREAD across the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Celebes, Moluccas, and Papua.

Sources: Indonesia Forest Statistics 2011, Ministry of Forestry; lartas-kemendag.net; www.panda.org; ditjenbun.deptan.go.id; blog.sivitas.lipi.go.id; fwi.or.id; uplmps.unsoed.ac.id;

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

40

LARGEST FLOWER IN THE WORLD


THE LAST JURASSIC ANIMAL ON EARTH IT SURVIVE OVER 36 CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE LAST 200 MILLION YEARS. This giant monitor lizard is ONLY FOUND IN KOMODO ISLANDS is also known as the LARGEST CRAWLING DRAGON EVER KNOWN to mankind. Komodo is the last Jurassic animal on earth.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

41

Sumber : menlh.go.id nationalgeographic.com world.new7wonders.com


KOMODO, THIS LIZARD IS BELIEVED TO BE THE ONLY THE PRE-HISTORIC DINOSAUR THAT SURVIVED UP TO THIS MOMENT. Local people

KOMODO IS ONE OF THE WORLD NEW NATURAL SEVEN WONDERS.

ORA.

KOMODO ISLAND IS PART OF THE KOMODO NATIONAL PARK WHICH COVERS THE AREA OF 173 THOUSAND HECTARES.

Komodo has an average length of 2-3 meters. THE

The largest part of the Komodo National Park is marine. The sea

LARGEST KOMODO EVER EXISTED WAS 3.13 METERS LONG AND 166 KILOGRAMS WEIGH.

floor of Komodo National Park’s marine water is the best diving

living near Komodo Island, its habitat, called this giant animal as

sites in the world.

In 1986, KOMODO

NATIONAL PARK WAS AWARDED AS UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE SITE

KOMODO NATIONAL PARK

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

42


LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) •

The few last remaining marine creature from the time of dinosaur roamed the earth. This species spawn in Indonesian waters and journey around the world from Papua to African peninsula.

Leatherback Sea Turtle body weight can reach 900 kg with a body length of about one and a half to two meters.

Habitat: tropical waters to sub-polar regions and regularly spawn on beaches in tropical regions.

There are very few places in the world they choose to spawn. One of their spawning grounds is in the Jamursba Medi Beach and Warmon Beach located in the North of West papua Province’s Bird’s Head, Abun District, Tambarauw Regency.

TRENGGILING OR PANGOLIN

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

43 •

Has been existed since the Oligocene and Miocene era, about 33 million to 23 million years ago.

Habitat: tropical rainforest in the lowlands. Trenggiling can be found in Southeast Asia. The Trenggiling found Indonesia is known as Trenggiling Java (Manis javanica) and can be found in the mountainous regions of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali.

Sources : www.iucnredlist.org; www.bk.menlh.go.id; www.penyu.org; www.seaturtle.org


COELACANTH FISH (IKAN RAJA LAUT – NORTH CELEBES) •

Coelacanth fish is estimated to have existed since the Devonian era of about 380 million years ago.

This fish is believed to have gone extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, but was rediscovered in the waters of North Celebes in 2007. In Indonesia, ancient Coelacanth fish can be found in the waters of Talise, North Minahasa and Malalayang waters, the Bay of Manado, North Celebes.

AROWANA FISH

44

This fish has existed on earth

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

since 220 million years ago. This fish can be found in the Amazon, in some parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. Arowana Fish (Scleropagus sp.) can be found in the freshwater area in Indonesia, especially in upper Kapuas River and Lake Sentarum in West Borneo. This fish thrives in the peat primitive forest water ecosystem.

Sources : www.wwf.or.id; www.bk.menlh.go.id


INDONESIA: THE WORLD’S GREATEST FAUNA HABITAT

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

45

TARSIUS PRIMATE (TARSIUS PUMILUS OR PYGMY TARSIER) This is THE SMALLEST

PRIMATE IN THE WORLD and is only a PALM SIZE OF A MAN.

SUN BEAR (HELARCTOS MALAYANUS) This is THE SMALLEST BEAR

IN THE WORLD, endemic to Borneo. This bear is HALF THE SIZE of a grown adult.

Sources: www.indonesia.travel; www.bk.menlh.go.id


JAVAN RHINOCEROS (RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS) • TOTAL POPULATION OF NO MORE THAN 50 ANIMALS in Ujung Kulon National Park on the most western tip of Java.

• INCLUDED IN THE RED LIST OF THE IUCN WORLD CONSERVATION AGENCY, which is in the category of critically endangered.

IS THE FOURTH MOST POPULOUS IN THE WORLD. • From the 1,598 SPECIES OF BIRDS in INDONESIA, 381 SPECIES ARE ENDEMIC. • BIRD OF PARADISE (Paradisea

• INDONESIA is ranked first IN THE WORLD FOR THE LARGEST NUMBER OF SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES SPECIES. • A TOTAL OF 121 SPECIES FOUND IN INDONESIA and 44% OF THEM ARE ENDEMIC. • THE SECOND LARGEST BUTTERFLIES IN THE WORLD, THE GIANT BUTTERFLY (ORNITHOPTERA GOLIATH) which lives in the forests of Papua MEASURING ABOUT 13 TO 15 CENTIMETERS.

Bird species in Indonesia

46 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

Rubra, Paradigalla Carunculata, Dyphilodes Respublica) is the prettiest and most beautiful birds in the world

THE STRIKING FEATHER COLOR. because of •

Endemic in the Bird’s Head region

THE WEST JAYAWIJAYA MOUNTAINS (Arfak Mountains) and in Papua.

• THE SMALLEST COCKATOO is THE PYGMY PARROT with a length of ABOUT 8 CM and lives in Papua and surrounding islands.

Sources: menlh.go.id; nationalgeographics.com, world.new7wonders.com, Ministry of Forestry


INDONESIA’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS WORLD PEACE

SINCE 1957, a total of Indonesian United Nations troops participating in peace missions in a number of countries reached 24,284

PERSONNEL. Indonesia ranks 15

OUT OF 177 countries which are the most frequent to send world peacekeeping force.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

47

Indonesia peacekeeping forces named Garuda has been deployed on UN sanctioned war areas as many as 79

THE CURRENT PRESIDENT (2009-2014) SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO, was a Brigadier General commanding a UN Chief Military post (UNPF) during peace mission in Bosnia in 1995

TIMES.


ABDURRAHMAN WAHID

SOEKARNO The first President of Indonesia with the world’s developing countries led the formation of Asia Africa Non-Aligned Movement and its ten principles. The first congress took place in Bandung in 1955. This congregation led to the basic peaceful coexistence among all its members.

Under his reign, Soeharto promoted the most diligent national movement called P-4. This basically a translation and transformation of the nation’s character building to maintain peace and harmony among all Indonesian and inter-faith populations.

Indonesia’s fourth president, Abdurrahman Wahid, who was often called Gus Dur, received the World Peace Prize Award from a non-profit institution of World Peace Prize Awarding Council (WPPAC), which is based in the United States and South Korea. Gus Dur was assessed for always bringing a message of peace between religious communities, playing an active role in the campaign for pluralism, anti-terrorism and the protection of the rights of minority groups.

MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRI The fifth President of Indonesia, Megawati Soekarno Putri, has been named as The 8th Most Powerful Woman from 100 women leaders in the world by the International Business Magazine, Forbes, During his presidency, his cabinet secured a lasting peace with the country’s prolonged disputes with Aceh.

Sources: presidenri.go.id, un.org, dpd.go.id, republika; voi.co.id, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

48 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

SOEHARTO


THE ROLE OF INDONESIA IN INTERNATIONAL FORUM

Indonesia is highly respected by member Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. His speech during Asian-African Conference (AAC) in 1955: 49 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

BANDUNG WOULD ALWAYS BE THE CAPITAL OF ASIAN AFRICAN STATES

countries of OIC

(ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION). Indonesia is considered AS A ROLE MODEL, and bridge builder between the West and Islam world. In addition, Indonesia is also a good role model in REPRESENTING

HARMONY OF ISLAM, MODERNITY AND DEMOCRACY.

The AAC or Bandung Conference in 1955, was intended to inspire Asian and African nations to liberate the states from colonialism.

THE AAC WAS ATTENDED BY 29 ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES COUNTED FOR HALF THE WORLD POPULATION AT THAT TIME.

Indonesia participates in regional and international forum such as ASEAN,

UN, G-20, APEC, ASEM, OIC AS WELL AS WTO.


Indonesia is among the founding member states of ASEAN and is now cochairing the New African Strategic Partnership

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was first initiated in Blake Island, Seattle USA in 1993. It began a few years earlier as a forum of Economic Ministerial Meeting among the 12 initial APEC Economies. In 1994, in Bogor the leaders agreed to pursue what is then known as Bogor Goals aimed at Free Trade and Open Economy by 2010 for developed Economies and 2020 for developing Economies. Currently APEC has 21 Economies as its members spanning from Papua New Guinea to Peru on the other side of the planet. Sources: apec.org; Ministry of Home Affairs; General Election Comission; undp.or.id; menegpp.go.id.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

50


CHAMPION OF DEMOCRACY

THE AVERAGE OF ELECTION IN INDONESIA, is held in every

5

DAYS DURING THE WHOLE YEAR, including legislative and presidential elections, as well as regional and local elections for governors, mayor, and regents. In the early reformation era of 1999,( the milestone of Indonesian democracy) , the number of political party participated in the election was 48

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

51

IN 2011

IN 2012

48 PARTIES

IN 2013

148 87 75 local elections were held local elections were held

local elections were held


INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI) IDI REFERS TO NUMERICAL FIGURES INDICATING LEVEL OF DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT in all provinces in Indonesia BASED ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF DEMOCRACY, NAMELY CIVIL LIBERTY, POLITICAL RIGHTS, AND INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY. IDI is a joint cooperation between Indonesian National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), Coordinating Ministry of Politics, Law and Security (Kemenkopolhukam), Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Ministry of Home Affairs, UNDP, Australian AID, and also provincial stakeholders including Provincial Governments, Academicians, Media and NGOs A directive for gender congressional participation of 30% was established in 2004, giving women more opportunities and empowerment to lead the nation together with their fellow Indonesians. SINCE

52 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

30%

THEN THE ADMISSION OF WOMEN IN THE PARLIAMENT HAS DOUBLED IN THREE ELECTION PERIODS (2004-2009, 2009-2014 AND BEYOND)

DEMOCRACY INDEX 2012

According to the Economist Intelligence Unit

INDONESIA

6.76 THAILAND

6.55 MALAYSIA

6.41

Democratization process is also measured by the FREEDOM OF PRESS. Indonesian press enjoyed this freedom even more than their colleagues in many developed countries including the US, Europe including Scandinavian countries and Japan.


BENGAWAN SOLO, AND TO THE DISTANT THE RIVER FLOWS BENGAWAN SOLO WAS AND STILL IS A FAMOUS SONG CREATED BY GESANG MARTOHARTONO OF CENTRAL JAVA. THE JAPANESE AND THE POLLACK USED THESE SONGS TO AMPLIFY SENSES OF PATRIOTISM. EMPEROR HIROHITO AWARDED A SPECIAL RECOGNITION FOR THIS SONG AND ITS AUTHOR.

THE SONG OF BENGAWAN SOLO WAS WRITTEN IN 1940 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

53

BY GESANG MARTOHARTONO IN CENTRAL JAVA.

THIS SONG IS A MANIFESTATION OF A GREAT RIVER IN JAVA CALLED BENGAWAN SOLO STRETCHES OVER 540 KM THROUGH MAJOR PULSE OF JAVA.

THE SONG HAS BEEN TRANSLATED IN 13 LANGUAGES including English, Mandarin, Russian, Japanese and many more. It has been sung by many world renown singers.

SINGERS AROUND THE WORLD WHO MADE A COVER OF GESANG’S BENGAWAN SOLO ARE AS FOLLOWS: TOSHI MATSUDA (JAPAN), WALDJINAH (INDONESIA), ANNEKE GRONLOH (DUTCH-INDONESIAN), REBECCA PAN (PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA), FRANCES YIP (PRC), P. RAMLEEDAN SALOMA (MALAYSIA), MAYA GOLOVNYA (SOVIET UNION), VIOLETTA VILLAS (POLAND).


The river of Bengawan Solo, which inspired Gesang, is THE LONGEST RIVER ON JAVA ISLAND WITH 543,8 KM LENGTH with two headwaters from South Hills, Wonogiri and Ponorogo and ends as creek in Gresik. “BENGAWAN” IN JAVANESE MEANS “THE GREAT RIVER”. 54 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

The river and its water system was formed about 4 million years ago.

Sources : music.columbia.edu, wikipedia, tokohindonesia.com


ECHOES OF GAMELAN UNDER THE FEET OF EIFFEL TOWER

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

55

IN 1889, JAVANESE AND SUNDANESE GAMELANS WERE PART OF THE INAUGURATION OF THE EIFFEL TOWER IN PARIS and had influenced the work of a famous french composer, Claude Debussy (1862-1918), whose later made a breakthrough in western classical music

GAMELAN IS INCLUDED IN THE CURRICULUM AT SEVERAL SCHOOLS IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN. MOREOVER, IT HAS BECOME A FIXED CURRICULUM AT NEW ZEALAND SCHOOL OF MUSIC (NZSM).

MUSIC COMPOSER FOR BOX OFFICE MOVIE “LIFE OF PI”, MYCHAEL DANNA, INSERTED THE SOUNDS OF BALINESE GAMELAN AS ITS MOVIE SOUNDTRACK.

WORLD’S FIRST GAMELAN FESTIVAL WAS HELD IN 1986 IN CANADA.

Sources : guinessworldrecord.com muri.org


INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Kariding musical instrument IS MADE OF WOOD AND PALM FROND LEAF. IT IS A PEN SIZE INSTRUMENT PLAYED BY BLOWING ITS TUBE AND MOVEMENT OF FINGERS Karinding was initially USED BY SUNDANESE ANCESTORS TO DRIVE AWAY PEST AT PADDY FIELDS, OR IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUALS OR CULTURAL CEREMONIES. MURI RECORDED a national record of playing Karinding by 515 people in Sumedang.

ANGKLUNG – WEST JAVA Angklung has been registered as Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO since November 2010. GUINNESS BOOK OF RECORDS recorded THE LARGEST ANGKLUNG ENSEMBLE CONSISTED OF 5,182 PARTICIPANTS IN WASHINGTON DC. Participants were orchestrated by Indonesian angklung maestro, Mang Udjo. A.S.A.P. DRAGON FLY is a rock band that plays rockangklung (rocklung) and has been performing around the world, such as in Tong Tong Festival XII in Den Haag, The

SASANDO – EAST NUSA TENGGARA Sasando is a traditional musical instrument that combines THREE TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, NAMELY HARP, PIANO AND GUITAR; three MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN ONE RHYTHM SECTION YAKKUB BULLAN once played Sasando in Indonesian Cultural Night in Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes and Instituto Superior de Artes Havana, Cuba. SASANDO HAS BEEN REGISTERED TO THE UNESCO FOR INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE , pending the announcement.

KOLINTANG – MINAHASA The biggest Kolintang WAS RECORDED IN THE GUINNESS BOOK OF RECORDS IN OCTOBER 31ST 2009. It was made of a single compact car size wood of Cempaka tree. THIS INSTRUMENT ALONG WITH BAMBOO MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS also held a record of MASSIVE MUSICAL ORCHESTRA PARTICIPATED BY OVER 1200 PEOPLE IN TONDANO, NORTH CELEBES IN 2009.

Netherlands, Germany, Turkey, China, Shanghai, Egypt and Malaysia.

Sources : muri.org; guinessworldrecord.com

56 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

KARINDING – WEST JAVA


PENCAK SILAT FOR THE WORLD

A

genuine and native Indonesian martial art called Pencak Silat was first introduced by King Erlangga of Sidoarjo, East Java in the early years of the first millennium. This self defense system was initially used to exhibit power and defend territory from enemy invasion

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

57


D

uring the era of kingdoms on Java,

58 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

Sumatera, BORNEO, CELEBES up to Malay Peninsula, people created

various moves adapted from local animal behaviours in the environment. Those kingdoms were as follows: Kutai, Tarumanegara, Mataram, Kediri, Singasari, Sriwijaya, Majapahit During colonial era, Pencak Silat was instrumental in combating foreign forces in Indonesia. One remarkable incident was the heroic battle of Surabaya in November 1945 Today, Pencak Silat us taught in Indonesian Military Academy as well as many schools of Martial Arts in the world Source: wikipedia


CIMANDE VILLAGE,

THE BIRTHPLACE OF FAMOUS PENCAK SILAT

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

59

PENCAK SILAT CIMANDE IS ALSO KNOWN TO CURE BONE FRACTURES AND DEFORMATION.


Pencak Silat is NOW ORGANIZED WORLDWIDE under PENCAK SILAT FEDERATION, and at the moment it members 40 COUNTRIES. This federation is centered towards INDONESIA’S PENCAK SILAT LEARNING INSTITUTE in Indonesia Miniature Garden in Jakarta. THE FIRST PENCAK SILAT WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP WAS HELD IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA IN 1986. THE MOVIE “THE RAID” won various international film festivals and subsequently put Pencak Silat on the world stage. There are now at least 600 styles and moves of pencak silat in Indonesia alone. Influenced by local cultures, pencak silat is also dominant in Sources : tiff.net; Research and Development Ministry of Health

religious nuance.

60 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

CALLED PADEPOKAN located


OLD TRADITIONS NEVER FADE AWAY

Stone jumping tradition in Nias island, North Sumatera, popularly known as HOMBO BATU OR FAHOMBO, has existed for centuries amongst megalith cultures on an island with 700,000 population, of 5,625 KM2 and surrounded by Indian Ocean. Pile of rocks that must be jumped over is 2 METERS HIGH, 90 CM WIDE AND 60 CM LONG. The top rock may not be touched and perfect landing must be performed, otherwise the risk of broken bones or muscular injuries is unavoidable.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

61

NIAS ISLAND

OLYMPICS Man

On the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, Charles Austin from USA jumped as high as 2,39 meters

Woman

On the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Slesarenko Yelena from Russia jumped as high as 2,06 meters NATIONAL

Man

On the 2012 National Games (PON) in Pekanbaru, Riau, Andre Dermawan jumped as high as 2.15 meters

Woman

On the 2012 National Games (PON) in Pekanbaru, Riau, Andre Dermawan jumped as high as 2.15 meters


REOG is one of Indonesia’s numerous well-preserved traditional dances. It originates from PONOROGO, a city on northwest East Java. Thus the dance inherits its famous name; Reog Ponorogo. The dancer is believed to obtain power from mystical or supernatural realm.

Sources : indonesia.travel; olympic.org

The male dancer wears a crowned lion mask made from peacock feathers. HE HOLDS THIS 60 KG MASK WITH HIS TEETH. He gains this powerful strength from an in-depth spiritual exercises including fasting and meditation.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

62


NELSON MANDELA PROMOTED BATIK IN UNITED NATIONS A batik designer, NUSJIRWAN

TIRTAAMIDJAJA, or known as IWAN TIRTA introduced Indonesia’s batik to the world. His batik was first WORN BY THE WORLD LEADERS DURING APEC SUMMIT IN BOGOR, INDONESIA IN 1994. INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

63

Nelson Mandela ALWAYS

WORE BATIK IN MANY DIGNIFIED AND MAJESTIC FORA INCLUDING IN THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND DURING A VISIT TO THE BUCKINGHAM PALACE.


WOVEN FABRIC The world famous designer house Gucci used Indonesian woven fabric as material for their fashion line. International markets have acknowledged the quality of Indonesian woven fabric. The fabric is considered valuable due to its handcrafting process. Hence an international brand like Gucci agreed to collaborate with Indonesian weaver. The woven fabric were presented on international designer runways from Milan, Paris and now in London. In 2010 Fashion Week Spring, Frida Gianini from Gucci exhibited a cocktail fashion collection with tribal style theme using ikat; a traditional woven fabric pattern from Sumbawa, Indonesia.

WEAVING ORIGIN : • Troso Weaving from Jepara • Lombok Weaving from Lombok

• Sumbawa Weaving from Sumbawa

• East Nusa Tenggara Weaving from Timor

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

64


KOTEKA AND PAPUA KOTEKA is traditional male covering used in native Papua cultures. IT IS MADE FROM MARROW OUTER SKIN. Koteka is made by taking out marrow’s flesh and seed and drying the outer skin under sun. Literally, the word koteka means “clothes” and is derived from a language of one of the ethnics in Paniai. SOME

PAPUA HIGHLAND ETHNICITIES CALL IT HOLIM OR HORIM.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

65

PAPUA IS THE FOURTH HIGHEST TERRAIN AND THE LARGEST ISLAND IN THE WORLD. Its climate and topography provide diversities in ecosystem. THE

ISLAND HAS COMPLETE ECOSYSTEM

land, lake, river, sea grass and tropical coral

PUNCAK JAYAWIJAYA IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S SEVEN SUMMITS WITH THE HIGHEST PEAK OF AN ISLAND. It is also called by

reef, home to the most diversed sea species

many other names such as: Mount Carstensz, Carstensz Pyramide or

in the world.

Carstensz Topenz. The native has its own names like Nemangkawi according

such as snow, tundra, savannah, mountains, rain forest valley, mangrove, wet

to Amunkal Tribe, Ngga Pulu and Mount Sukarno. Puncak Jaya, which is located on equatorial region, has stable climate with the average 0.5 degree Celsius temperature fluctuation per year.


INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN

DANI is one of the tribes living in Papua Island. The community settles at Grand Baliem Valley in Wamena, Papua. THE

BAJOE TRIBE is also called SEA NOMADS

but unlike Balinese Hindus, the

who refuse to live on land. They

live in a traditional house called Honai

Tengger people do not worship

are nomadic and live on boats

and had a unique feast named Bakar

is world apart refuse to adopt

their Hindu religion in temples or

journeying from coast to coast.

Batu (Burning Stone) where meals

modern living. They both are

religious domes. They believe that

They originate in South East

are roasted within special burned

custodians of their pristine habitat.

they are the last pure descendants

Celebes and voyaged as far as the

stones. This feast can also be found

Much like the Amish in USA.

of Majapahit Empire.

Philippines.

throughout Papua.

TENGGER TRIBE is a native community who inhabits Mount Bromo plateau; an active volcanic mountain ridge in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java. TENGGER

THE BADUI AND ARABIC BADAWI which

Sources : indonesia.travel; Ministry of Home Affairs

66 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

PEOPLE ARE FAITHFUL HINDUS

VALLEY IS FAMOUS FOR ITS ANNUAL FESTIVAL, KNOWN AS THE BALIEM VALLEY FESTIVAL ON AUGUST. THE THREE-DAY FESTIVAL SHOWS THE RE-ENACTMENT OF WAR BETWEEN DANI, LANI AND YALI TRIBE SYMBOLLING FERTILITY AND PROSPERITY. The Danis


QUAKEPROOF TRADITIONAL HOUSES

T

raditional houses in Indonesia are not only beautifully designed but also quakeproof.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

67

GADANG TRADITIONAL HOUSE: MINANGKABAU, WEST SUMATERA The traditional Minangkabau house is proven to have the flexibility and sturdiness to withstand tremors beyond 8 Richter Scale. It uses no nails to bind each section but a carved joint to glue it together. During the horrific earthquake on 30 September 2009, these houses remained standing and intact. Sources : theinternationaljournal.org, parisada.org, indonesia.travel, Moluccas Cultural Foundation


OMO HADA TRADITIONAL HOUSE, NIAS, NORTH SUMATERA

LAHEIK TRADITIONAL HOUSE, KERINCI, RIAU

Based on its structure, Traditional Nias house construction consisted

Laheik or Larik in Bahasa Indonesia means lines. The house

of column (enomo) and beam (ndriwa). The columns are supported

is constructed from logs which are assembled using pegs.

by big rocks as the foundation against strong wind. Furthermore,

Moreover each part is assembled using roots fibre rope.

the diagonal column becomes the key to its steady and flexible

Laheik is commonly built in Lake Kerinci region which is

architecture when earthquake occurs.

situated on caesarean tectonic plates of Asia and Australia

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

68

WOLOAN TRADITIONAL STILTS HOUSE, TOMOHON, NORTH CELEBES

JOGLO TRADITIONAL HOUSE, YOGYAKARTA

The stilts house is constructed from selected woods like ironwood

The house has its own uniqueness on the solid arch roof

(Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Magnolia wood. The wood structure

construction. Each room has its own individual roof. It has

is well known for its durability during earthquake. Since 90’s

four main pillars to support the main structure and hold the

era, Woloan Stilts House is exported to overseas such as Latin

roof. Joglo structure is made from wood logs frame which is

America countries, Asia and even Europe.

assembled like a tent.


TRI HITA KARANA, ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION TRADITION Indonesia is blessed with diversed and abundant ethnics and cultures. Traditions born from Indonesian ethnic and cultural communities are still well preserved until today.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

69

One example of such tradition is TRI HITA KARANA. It is a Balinese local wisdom which highlights three main elements of harmony. The three elements are harmony between human and environment, harmony among humans and harmony between human and God. It becomes the

SUBAK is an irrigation system in Bali based on local wisdom reflecting Tri Hita Karana

APEC Economies sustainable tourism

concept. It is a comprehensive communal water management based on cultural

tagline because the purpose of

values, land use, water level and quality. The system based on the foundation of

development is not only to accelerate

Hindu rules and values is the integration of landscapes, cultural values in civil society

economic growth but also to preserve

and unique faith system. Subak is one of the oldest form of democracy in the world as

sustainable environment from which

applied on water management for crops, pura (temple), worship places and houses.

human gets the benefits.

Source : trihitakarana.info


TALLASA KAMASE-MASE is the principle of life for Kajang community. They were taught to live a humble, modest live and to avoid greed. Environment is seen as part of their living ecosystem, rather than lifeless

The community living in Bulukumba Regency, South CELEBES divides the forest into three zones. The first

IMPROVING VILLAGE ECONOMY

zone is Borong Karamaka (Forbidden Forest) where the forest potentials are prohibited to be exploited. The second is Borong Batasaya (Boundary Forest) where its wood can be used but based on traditional laws. The last is Borong Luarayya (Utilization Forest) where people may plant woods like bitti or crops like cocoa. These local wisdoms can effectively preserve the sustainable

Local wisdom through mutual PELA GADONG is a concept

cooperation is also reflected in

to establish brotherhood among

warteg (street restaurant). The

kampong (communities) in Moluccas

restaurant management is rotated

particularly the Ambon Island. The

amongst family or hometown friends

idea was born from the agreements

as the reflection of: cooperation in

of inter-communities’ ancestors.

social and economy order and for

That is still well preserved by their

working opportunity for family and

generations in upholding social law.

friends. This is one of much historical local wisdoms which is still practiced

environment.

by some communities. Source : palingindonesia.com

Sources : parisada.org, indonesia.travel

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

70

foreign objects.


INDONESIA, A NATION OF 1000 TEMPLES BOROBUDUR IS THE LARGEST TEMPLE IN THE WORLD • The temple is located in Borobudur Village, Magelang Regency, Central Java. • It is 42 metres high (10 storey) with more than 1 kilometre long reliefs. • It is estimated that Syailendra Dynasty from Ancient Mataram Kingdom (ca. 750-850 CE) took 40 years to construct.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

71


SUKUH TEMPLE, A HISTORICAL TRAPEZIUM ARCHITECTURE According to history books, the oldest civilization is characterized by its trapezium architecture for example Chichen Itza Pyramide in Yucatan, Mexico. Accordingly, Indonesia has Sukuh Temple with the similar architecture. 1. It is located at Sukuh Village, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. 2. The temple relief shows erotic depiction of naked figures and headless character (Gupala Statue). 3. Known as “The Last Temple” It is the last temple built before the fall of Majapahit Empire in Central Java.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

72

Source: www.indonesia.travel/id


MOUNT PADANG SITE •

The site is located AT MOUNT PADANG, KARYAMUKTI VILLAGE, CAMPAKA DISTRICT, CIANJUR REGENCY.

Its age is estimated 4500 YEARS OLD which means IT IS OLDER THAN MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION AND THE GIZA PYRAMID IN EGYPT. It is also believed as the oldest civilization in the world.

CETHO TEMPLE

It is not a simple site but an enormous monument. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IS

KARANGANYAR, CENTRAL JAVA

900 SQUARE METRES IN THREE HECTARES OF TOTAL SIZE. It is ten times wider than

It is built during Hindu Majapahit Kingdom golden age in 15TH CENTURY.

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

73

TOP LAYER IS ESTIMATED FROM 500 BC

MEANS CLEARLY VISIBLE. Furthermore it

while the BOTTOM IS FROM 7000 BC.

clearly the three surrounding mountains. THEY ARE MOUNT MERBABU, MOUNT MERAPI AND MOUNT LAWU. In addition, people can see the peaks of Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing. Cetho Temple reliefs are decorated with GIANT TURTLE, THE SUN (PROBABLY SYMBOL OF THE SUN OF MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM) and 2 metres long of PHALLUS SYMBOL (MALE GENITAL) with ampallang piercing. •

The age is different for each stone layer. THE

“CETHO” IN JAVANESE LANGUAGE means that from the village, people can observe

Borobudur in Central Java. •

A ROUGH CARVING OF TURTLE SHAPE symbolizes request or demands to God.


MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE COMPOUND •

It is located in MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE COMPOUND, MUARO SERBO DISTRICT, MUARO JAMBI REGENCY

The compound size COVERS AN AREA OF 12 SQUARE KILOMETRES WITH MORE THAN SEVEN KILOMETRES IN LENGTH, STRETCHING ALONG THE RIVER BANK. IT IS ESTIMATED TO BE 12 TIMES LARGER THAN BOROBUDUR COMPOUND, AND TWICE THAN ANGKOR WAT COMPOUND IN CAMBODIA.

The record shows that there are 11 MAIN TEMPLES FOUND IN THE COMPOUND, some

SAMBISARI TEMPLE

of which had been restored. THE RESTORED TEMPLES ARE GUMPUNG, TINGGI, TINGGI

The temple is situated at the north of Yogyakarta-

I, GEDONG, GEDONG I AND II, KEDATON,

Solo main road about 12 KILOMETRES EAST

KOTO MAHLIGAI, ASTANO, TELUK I AND

OF YOGYAKARTA CITY.

II, BUKIT SENGALO AND KEMBAR BATU.

It is estimated built on 812-838 CE when Hindu

IT IS BELIEVED THAT THERE ARE STILL 82

Mataram or Ancient Mataram Kingdom ruled by

UNEARTHED TEMPLES IN THE COMPOUND.

King Rakai Garung from Syailendra Dynasty. •

Sambisari is a unique temple because LOCATED ON 6.5 METRES BENEATH EARTH SURFACE. Thus it is also known as underground temple. However experts predict that it was initially above the earth level like many other temples. But the region was COVERED BY VOLCANIC MATERIALS DUE TO MOUNT MERAPI ERUPTION ON 1006 AD

Source : www.indonesia.travel/id

74 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES


STANDING THROUGH THE TEST OF TIME Indonesia has been known as a nation rich of spices, that many other nations had been attracted to come and explore its resources since the 16th century. For several reasons foreigners like Portuguese, Dutch, and English made their effort to defend their position and monopoly trade in the country by developing their territories and forts.

TROPICAL ART-DECO BANDUNG

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

75

U

ntil today, Bandung is still home to

FORTS

D

espite mentioned in the history that 459 forts were built in Indonesia, only 275 forts have been identified. Those historical buildings were scattered across Indonesia, from its large islands to the smallest ones, with various physical

conditions. Now the forts have been standing throughout Indonesian history. Some forts such as Fort Vredeburg in Yogyakarta, Fort Rotterdam in Makassar of South Celebes, and Fort Marlborough in Bengkulu are still standing tall in excellent physical condition, serving as important city landmark. The forts in Indonesia served not only as protection from enemy, but also as a place for trade activities. Therefore, the architecture combined military architecture with rooms for traders from office, warehouse, place of worship, hospital, to soldier barrack. The forts resemble a complex or a small town consisting of various facilities for the community living in the forts. Generally, the forts were situated along the coast near harbor, or along river banks.

several best examples of Tropical Art-deco architecture in the world.

These buildings in European architectural style were built in the 1920s, when the Dutch government was gradually moving its capital to Bandung. During that time, many wealthy Dutch people lived in Bandung, thus the city was named “Parijs van Java”—Paris of Java. The most famous building with deco architecture is Gedung Sate, the building which now become West Java Governor’s office. This glamorous building with antenna similar to satay combined a neo-classic style with indigenous elements, creating elegance and unique combination of West and East ambiance.


K

eraton or kraton in Javanese means palace. One of the famous keraton is Keraton Ngayogyakarta

Hadiningrat or Yogyakarta Palace. Until today the palace has well preserved physical building, function, tradition, and social system. Physically, the palace of Sultan Yogya consists of seven main complexes, namely Siti Hinggil Ler (North Hall), Kamandhungan Ler (North Kamandhungan) Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, kamandhungan Kidul (South Kamandhungan) and Siti Hinggil Kidul (South Hall).

76

LUBANG JEPANG, BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATERA

L

ubang Jepang (literally means Japanese Hole) is a tunnel (bunker) for shelter, built by

Japanese army for defense, during Japanese occupation of Indonesia, around the year 1942. There are 21

LAWANG SEWU

L

awang Sewu in Javanese means One Thousand Doors; while actually it only has 429. However, it has

1200 door leaves in either two hinges or two sliding door leaves.

tunnels in 1470 meters length, built by Romusha (forced laborers) who were sent from BORNEO and CELEBES. Some rooms in the tunnel were functioned as military room, torture chamber, ammunition storage room, and detention room.

Source : www.indonesia.travel/id

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

KERATON NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT


TRIBUTES TO THE LATE AND ETERNAL SOULS For some of us death is a sacred event that needs special ceremony to honor it. In Indonesia, some rituals of death are still preserved in its people’s culture up to this moment:

CEMETERY IN TRUNYAN VILLAGE,

T

KINTAMANI, BALI

runyan is the name of a village situated at the edge of Batur Lake, Kintamani, Bali. When a villager

died, the corpse would not be burried on the ground, instead, it would be laid to rest on a large stone which has 7 concaved surfaces. The dead body of the deceased will only be covered by rudimentary bamboo cages. Strangely,

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

77

despite the absence of embalmment, the corpse would not cause stench. The explanation on why the corpse which is only laid on the ground do not spread stench although it is naturally decomposing lies on a tree called Taru

When a Trunyan villager dies naturally,

Menyan. Taru Menyan trees produce

the corpse would be covered in white

scent that could neutralize the unpleasant

cloth. Moreover, a funeral ceremony

odor from the dead body. Taru means

would be held for the deceased, and

tree, and Menyan means pleasant smell,

the corpse would be laid on the ground,

“NGABEN”, BALINESE CREMATION

it only grows in this village. Therefore, the

under a big Taru Menyan tree in an area

CEREMONY

tree Taru Menyan, which is later more

named Sema Wayah.

popular as Trunyan, is believed as the

If someone died of unnatural causes

origin of the village’s name.

such as accident, suicide, or murder, the corpse would be laid in a different

N

Their tradition arranged that the area of

area named Sema Bantas. While

this ceremony is to send back the spirit

cemetery for the deceased villager would

for babies and children as well as

of the ancestors (deceased people) to

differ in accordance to the cause of death

unmarried adult, the deceased would be

its origin. The ritual is usually performed

or their marital status.

laid in Sema Muda.

festively without mourning.

gaben is a ceremony of incineration of corpse or cremation carried out by Hindu

people in Bali, Indonesia. The essence of


BATU LEMO, TANA TORAJA

L

ies in the village of Batu Lemo, Tana Toraja, is a graveyard on the face of a rock-cliff. The graves

have been there since the 16th century. There are 75 holes on the rock cliff, some of which with wooden statues called tau tau displayed on balconies carved into the cliffs. The statues are symbols of social nobles. On the side of the cliff is a hill with deep cave. Wooden coffins are arranged in groups based on family lines. ASMAT TRIBE MUMMIFICATION

CEMETARY OF DAYAK BENUAQ,

T

EAST BORNEO

he Benuaq or Bentian burry the

KAMBIRA TANA TORAJA BABY CEMETARY

body of a deceased person in a

As for deceased babies, the bodies are

carved wooden coffin-like container

embalmed and covered in cloth for later

A

smat tribe of Papua has a custom of body mummification, They usually perform the mummification

for the chief of tribe or war commander.

which is fixed on top of a wooden post or

be put in holes on big trees. The holes

Bodies are mummified using traditional

hung on ropes. After a few years they will

would then be covered by woven palm

ingredients to honor traditional heritage

open the grave and exhume the bones to

fiber. The Torajans consider the ritual as

and religion. Currently we can find three

eventually bless them and put them in a

similar with returning the babies back to

mummies in Papua; Aikima mummy in

container fixed on permanent posts.

their mothers wombs. The place of the

Aikima, Jiwika mummy in Jiwika, and

hole on the tree defines social strata of the

Purno Mummy in Asologaima. The three

family. The higher the hole, the higher the

mummies are in Wamena.

social status is.

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

78

status and role when they lived as local


INDONESIA CYBER WAVESCAPE 2,3%

Currently Indonesian 40% (24.2 MILLION PERSONS)

mobile internet consumers

of Indonesian internet users spend

reach

more than 3 HOURS ONLINE

58

MILLION PERSONS

PER DAY.

OF WORLD’S INTERNET USER IS INDONESIAN

An estimation by Indonesia Internet Service Provider Association (APJII), Indonesia internet user:

2012 = 63 MILLION USERS 2013 = 82 MILLION USERS

2014 = 107 MILLION USERS 2015 = 139 MILLION USERS

OR 50% OF INDONESIAN TOTAL POPULATION

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

79

3 OF 10 NETIZENS claimed to replace their mobile phones

1 OF 10 NETIZENS claimed to replace their laptops or netbooks

in the past year

in the past year

Majority of Indonesian internet users are youth of

15-35

YEARS OF AGE

63.95% OF 63 MILLION USERS have Facebook and Twitter accounts

INDONESIA INTERNET USER IS DOMINATED BY MIDDLE-CLASS SOCIETY. Majority of Indonesian internet users own motor vehicle. • 88.6% have motorcycles • 17.4% have cars • 16.8% have both

6 OF 10 INTERNET USERS visit social network every month


ON-LINE CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY

D

id you know that in Indonesia, communication and internet have become parts of people’s primary need? A study conducted by a magazine stated that phone credit and internet connection cost have become a spending more significant than food, beverages, transportation, body care, and health expenditure.

NETIZEN ARE

BARGAIN HUNTER

Majority of Indonesian netizen is BARGAIN HUNTER. When they are about to do a purchase, they tend to collect as many information as possible about the product in

80

order to avail themselves with the

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

56.4%

best product.

ONLINE SHOPPING • 3.7 MILLION NETIZENS buy/sell online using various exitsting platforms from Facebook, e-Commerce site, Classified Ads forum, BlackBerry Group, Blog, to Twitter. • BANK TRANSFER is the most favorite payment method in online shopping. • Only 3.9% online shopper pay with CREDIT CARDS. • Products bought online by netizens are dominated by FASHION, APPAREL, and ACCESSORIES. • Average Budget for netizens’ online shopping is around US$ 14. • Women: APPAREL, ACCESSORIES, BAGS. • MEN: TICKETS, BOOKS, ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS SUCH AS HANDPHONE, COMPUTER, OR LAPTOP.

Sources: Mark Plus Insight Netizen Survey 2012, Nielsen, Markplus, APJII, Renstra Ditjen IKP 2011-2014 Kominfo


THE DYNAMICS OF INDONESIA’S CURRENT MASS MEDIA Irrespective of a lower income per capita of average Indonesian, each citizen has at least one cellular phone toppled with the growing number of social and modern media, the country has a wealth of media spanning from big cities to rural villages

MAGAZINES INTERNET

24%

13%

NEWSPAPERS

INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA

81

CELLULAR PHONE

104%

25%

RADIO

47%

SMARTPHONE

67%

MEDIA PENETRATION IN INDONESIA

TELEVISION

95%


NUMBER OF PRINT MEDIA PUBLIC TV

1

NUMBER OF TV STATIONS

PRIVATE TV STATION

10

DAILY NEWSPAPER

LOCAL TV STATION

415

300++

MAGAZINE

495

TABLOID

257

IF HUMAN EYES COULD SEE THE FREQ UENCY WAVES, COULD YOU IMAGINE HOW INDONESIAN SK Y WOULD LOOK LIKE? RADIO

1465 PRINT MEDIA

737

TELEVISION

218

ONLINE MEDIA

69

INDONESIA INDONESIA, THE UNTOLD PELANGI STORIES DUNIA

82


BANGKA AND BELITUNG’S TIN ON WORLD’S PHONES INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

83

T

he world’s top electronic cellular brands will not exist without Bangka and Belitung’s tins. These are islands located in the western Indonesia and contributes to one third of the world’s tin supplies.


Indonesian Tin Exchange specialized in transaction of export tin ingots defines the world’s tin price. Tin ingots trade through exchange mechanism could prevent practice of “under invoice”, increase reception of royalty, prevent illegal tin trade, and increase Indonesia’s competitiveness. The principle of exchange trade is free and fair trade where seller and buyer are free to carry out any transaction without any restrictions.

WORLD’S LARGEST TIN EXPORT,

100,876 TONS in 2012.

WORLD’S TIN PRODUCER (2012)

INDONESIA 52,300 METRIC TONS 26% of world production

800 kilo tons of

TIN RESERVES, or

16.6%

of the world’s reserves of

4.8 MILLION TONS

MALAYSIA 37,800 METRIC TONS PERU 25,400 METRIC TONS

is the world’s

3rd

largest TIN company.

THAILAND 22,900 METRIC TONS Sources: US Geological Survey, PT Timah Tbk.

84 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

CHINA 152,000 METRIC TONS


INDONESIA: A TREASURE ISLAND INDONESIA HOLDS HUGE UNDER GROUND MINERALS AND PRECIOUS COMMODITIES DEPOSITS. GOLD, COPPER, COALS, OILS, GAS, DIAMONDS, AND PRECIOUS MINERALS ARE FOUND ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

COAL

INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

85

Indonesia is the world’s

Indonesia’s coal reserves is only

0.5 %

of world’s reserves yet it

6th largest producer with 246

is the world’s

million tons production.

2nd largest exporter with 203 million tons of export. On the first position is Australia (252 million tons). China, as the world’s largest coal producer only sits on the 7th position of world’s coal exporter (47 million tons).


13th

8th

World’s country with largest natural gas

2

nd

World’s largest natural gas producer country

reserves of as much as

92.9

World’s largest LNG exporter country of as much as

with

TCF

7.2 TCF

production.

18th

World’s natural gas consumer with

3.8

BCF/day of consumption.

29.6 BCF

Indonesia is the

is Grasberg Mine (Freeport) in Papua.

with

2nd

largest copper producer

COPPER

10.4% of

world production and

Indonesia has the world’s

8th largest nickel reserves with 2.9% of world’s nickel reserves.

the world’s

NICKEL

It is the It has

7

th

the world’s largest gold potential.

world’s

6th

largest gold producer with

6.7%

of world production

7th largest contribution to the world’s copper reserves with

4.1%

4th nickel producer with 8.6% of It is also the world’s world production.

86 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES

GOLD

The world’s largest gold mine


LIST OF ILLUSTRATION SOURCES PAGE

PHOTO/ PICTURE

DATE & DOWNLOAD TIME

AUTHOR

LINK

6

INDONESIAN MAP ILLUSTRATION

20140507 10.44

Wikipedia: Indigo

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:EnsiklopediaIndonesia.jpg

9

BACHRUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE

20140507 13.30

Office of the Vice President The Republic of Indonesia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacharuddin_ Jusuf_Habibie_official_portrait.jpg

11

SOSROBAHU TECHNIQUE

20140507 13.45

Jafkhairi

http://download.antarafoto.com/search-result/ dom-1398239101

11

TWO CREW COCKPIT DESIGN

20140507 14.00

Ministry of Transportation

http://m.dephub.go.id/read/berita/direktoratjenderal-perhubungan-udara/persyaratan-pilotasing-oleh-maspakai-penerbangan-nasionaldiperketat-15880

12

THE GUERRILLA WAR TECHNIQUE

20140507 14.30

Punt / Anefo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abdul_Harris_ Nasution.jpg

14

PULAU R(H)UN

20140507 14.45

Lencer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banda_Islands_ en.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_ Columbus.PNG http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/ collection_database/european_paintings/portrait_ of_a_man_said_to_be_christopher_columbus_ sebastiano_del_piombo_sebastiano_luciani/ objectview.aspx?page=1&sort=6&sortdir=asc&key word=Piombo&fp=1&dd1=11&dd2=0&vw=0&collID =11&OID=110002098&vT=1&hi=0&ov=0

16

COLOMBUS

20140507 15.00

Sebastiono del Piombo

16

NUTMEG

20140507 15.30

Brocken Inaglory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nutmeg_Zanz41. JPG

20140507 16.05

A promotional photo of Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster, using Jack Pierce's makeup design, Universal Studios

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frankenstein%27s_ monster_%28Boris_Karloff%29.jpg

17

FRANKENSTEIN


17

TAMBORA MOUNTAIN

20140508 17.03

Jialiang Gao (peaceon-earth.org)

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Caldera_Mt_ Tambora_Sumbawa_Indonesia.jpg

18

THOMAS JEFFERSON

20140508 12.14

Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_ Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale_1805_cropped.jpg

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:JacquesLouis_David_017.jpg

18

NAPOLEON

20140508 12.14

The York Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVDROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH

18

DRAISINE

20140508 11.34

Wilhelm Siegrist (1797-1843)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Draisine1817.jpg

18

SUMBAWA THOPOGRAPY

20140508 11.59

Sadalmelik

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sumbawa_ Topography.png http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Krakatoa_ eruption_lithograph.jpg

19

GUNUNG KRAKATAU

20140509 14.27

Lithograph: Parker & Coward, Britain; Original uploader was Twinsday at en.wikipedia

20

WEDHUS GEMBEL

20140508, 11.22

A. Lesto P. Kusumo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merapi_ pyroclastic_flows.jpg

23

DANAU TOBA

Barry Kusuma

http://indonesia.travel/en/destination/48/theincredible-lake-toba/article/27/lake-toba-history-ofa-volcanic-mega-explosion-and-its-legend

25

TROWULAN TEMPLE

20140507 17.05

Gunawan Kartapranata

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bajang_Ratu_ Gate_Trowulan.jpg

28

AUSTRALIA CONTINENT ILLUSTRATION

20140508 16.50

Hans Braxmeier

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Reliefmap_of_ Australia.png

31

INDONESIAN HERBS

20140509 17:50

heydrienne

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/0/03/Spices_22078028.jpg

33

PURWACENG

20140508 16.30

http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/wp-content/ Ministry of Agriculture uploads/2013/12/perkebunan_PurwocengPipru-05. jpg

34

PASAK BUMI

20140508 17.29

Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain

http://sungaiwain.org/wp-content/ uploads/2012/10/pasak-bumi.jpg

34

MADURESE CONCOCTION

20140508 11.03

Miansari66

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Garam_Masala. JPG


35

A GLASS OF COFFEE

20140508 12.46

Indonesia.travel

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/IMG_1293%20Kopi%20O,%20 Warung%20Kopi%20Legendaris%20Tung%20Tau. JPG

35

LUWAK

20140508 08.58

Leendertz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luwak-Katze_in_ Kepahiang.jpg?setlang=id

35

LUWAK COFFEE

20140508 12.55

HaztechGuy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indonesian_ farmer_shows_coffee_beans_already_digested_ by_Asian_Palm_Civet,_but_before_cleaning_and_ roasting.jpg

37

PEPPER

20131014 15.52

http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/tanregar/berita226-meningkatkan-kemitraan-dan-penguatankelembagaan-untuk-mensejahterakanpetani--lada. html

37

TEA

20131014 13.11

http://balittri.litbang.deptan.go.id/eng/index.php/ component/content/article/26-news/42-the-fourdifferent-types-of-tea

37

JATROPHA CURCAS

20131014 12.11

http://cybex.deptan.go.id/category/bidang/ perkebunan/tanaman-tahunan/jarak-pagar

37

CLOVE

20131014 18.45

deptan.go.id

37

CASHEW

20131014 14.25

http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/?p=4360

37

SUGAR-CANE

20131014 04.31

http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/?page_ id=3755

37

COTTON

20131014 18.55

http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/perlindungan/berita189-musim-hujan-datang--penyakit-antraknosadan-bercak-daun-kapasmengancam.html

37

TOBACCO

20130514 05.59

http://cybex.deptan.go.id/lokalita/pelatihanbudidaya-tembakau-ram-0

37

SUNAN PECAN

20130514 15.41

http://cybex.deptan.go.id/penyuluhan/pembukaanlahan-dan-penanaman-kemiri-sunan

37

PATCHOULI

20131014 19.55

http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/perlindungan/berita194-layu-bakteri-yang-merugikan-tanaman-nilam. html

39

RAFFLESIA ARNOLDI

Kemparekraf

39

ORCHID

Kemparekraf

41

KOMODO

Kemparekraf

43

LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE

Fiqman Sunandar

ANTARA FOTO


LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE

ANTARA FOTO

44

COELACANTH

20140508 12.08

Qwertzy2

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ ff/Latimeria_menadoensis.jpg --- http://opencage. info/pics/Latimeria_menadoensis.asp disclaimer: to share & to remix per 07052014

44

AROWANA

201405 09.13

Marcel Burkhard alias cele4

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ b4/Arowana.jpg

45

TARSIUS PRIMATE

20131014 19.55

45

SUNBEAR

20140508 18.21

46

BUTTERFLY

46

JAVAN RHINOCERUS

20140508 13.15

46

JAVAN RHINOCERUS

20140508 17.14

46

BIRD OF PARADISE

20140508 18.12

47

43

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tarsius_tarsier_ Tandurusa_zoo.JPG Ryan Poplin

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ a0/Sun_Bear_7.jpg wikimedia commons. Disclaimer: to share and to remix

Yusran Uccang

ANTARA FOTO

http://www. rhinoconservation.org

http://indonesia.travel/en/news/detail/778/ sumatran-baby-rhino-expected-to-be-born-in-theway-kambas-national-park http://ppid.dephut.go.id/photos/news/ratubadak1. jpg

Herry Wijayanto

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/cendrawasih%20by%20herry%20 wijanto.jpg

GARUDA CONTINGENT

Istimewa

Penerangan Konga XXIII-H dan G/UNIFIL

47

SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO UN

Istimewa

Ani Yudhoyono

48

SOEKARNO

Setkab

48

SOEHARTO

Setkab

48

ABDURAHMAN WAHID

Setkab

48

MEGAWATI

Setkab

49

JAVAHARLAL NEHRU

53

BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER

54

BENGAWAN SOLO PAINTING

Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-61849-0001 / CC-BY-SA

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bengawan_ Solo_in_Solo.JPG

20131014 19.55

20101014 19.55

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/d/d7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-618490001%2C_Indien%2C_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_ Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg

Abraham Salm (Schilder)

Nederlands: Litho. Litho naar een oorspronkelijk schilderij van A. Salm.. De rivier de Solo Link: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ c1/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_rivier_de_ Solo_TMnr_3728-417.jpg


EIFFEL TOWER

20140508 16.10

55

CANADIAN FLAG

20131014 19.55

55

GAMELAN

Tony

Kemparekraf

56

KARINDING

Agus Bebeng

ANTARA FOTO

56

ANGKLUNG

Marshal

Kemparekraf

56

SASANDO

Bambang Widjanarko

Kemparekraf

56

KOLINTANG

Jessica Helena Wuysang

ANTARA FOTO

57

PENCAK SILAT

Maril Gafur

http://download.antarafoto.com/search-result/ dom-1399265701

59

CIMANDE VILLAGE

60

PADEPOKAN PENCAK SILAT

60

PENCAK SILAT COMPETITION

60

POSTER THE RAID

20140507 16.15

61

STONE JUMPING NIAS

20140508 14.12

Fanny Octavianus

http://www.antarafoto.com/peristiwa/ v1252159004/lompat-batu

62

REOG

20140508 12.56

Sapto Budiarso

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/news/detail/723/ tall-ship-dewaruci-reaches-miami-harbor-u-s-arendezvous-with-indonesian-community

63

ANI YUDHOYONO

20140508 13.30

Anung

http://www.presidenri.go.id/ibunegara/index.php/ galeri/album/thumb/detail/129/602/

63

NELSON MANDELA

20140508 12.41

South Africa the Good News

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/1/14/Nelson_Mandela2008_%28edit%29.jpg

64

WOVEN FABRIC

20140508 08.39

Kemparekraf

65

KOTEKA

20140508 19.56

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koteka#mediaviewer/ Plik:Koteka.jpg

65

PUNCAK JAYA ( PIRAMID CARTENZ)

20140508 12.26

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/501/ carstensz-pyramid

66

BADUI TRIBE

20140507 10.31

20140506 16.05

Brian Bibbets

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/ da/MG_8998.jpg Free License

55

http://www.pch.gc.ca/ eng/1363356053583/1363342021822

http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/ fimages/Kampung_Pulo.JPG 20140508 12.05

Gunawan Kartapranata

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ be/Padepokan_Pencak_Silat_Gate.jpg www.kemlu.go.id/brussels/picture/pencak.jpg http://www.indonesia.travel/id/news/detail/681/ memajukan-film-indonesia

Hafidzh Mubarak

http://www.antaranews.com/berita/409154/wargabaduy-inspirasikan-praktik-kearifan-lokal


66

TENGGER TRIBE

20140508 12.51

Musyawir

http://www.antarafoto.com/spektrum/ v1307689826/suku-tengger

66

BAJOE TRIBE

20140508 14.52

Sahrul Manda Tikupadang

http://www.antarafoto.com/peristiwa/ v1321101007/suku-bajo

66

DANI TRIBE

20140508 15.27

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/427/ baliem-valley-festival

67

GADANG TRADITIONAL HOUSE

20140507 15.29

http://www.indonesia.travel/id/news/detail/766/ menggapai-finish-di-rumah-gadang-termegah-disumatera-barat

68

OMO HADA TRADITIONAL HOUSE

20140508 15.43

Monica Renata

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Omo_Sebua,_ South_Nias,_Indonesia.jpg

68

LAHEIK TRADITIONAL HOUSE

20140509 15.59

Tropenmuseum of the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_ TROPENMUSEUM_De_controleurswoning_ van_H.H._Morison_en_P.A._Morison-Noordermeer_ in_Kerintji_TMnr_60048866.jpg

68

WOLOAN TRADITIONAL HOUSE

Ismar Patrizki

ANTARA FOTO

68

JOGLO TRADITIONAL HOUSE

Directorate General of Indonesian Culture

http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/1016/ rumah-adat-joglo http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Paddy%20Fields,%20Pupuan,%20 BALI,%20PHOTO%20BY%20EFENDY%20BONG. jpg

69

TRI HITA KARANA

20140508 10.22

70

TALLASA KAMASE MASE

70

PELA GADONG

20140508 08.37

Lencer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MOLUCCAS_ Islands_en.png

70

WARTEG

20140507 08.42

Veriyanta Kusuma

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Food_at_ Warung_Tegal.jpg

71

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

72

SUKUH TEMPLE

73

MOUNT PADANG SITE

http://v-images2.antarafoto.com/g-pr/1247116603/ tenun-kajang-03.jpg

Kemparekraf 20140507 10.38

Merbabu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candi_ Sukuh_2007.JPG (By: Merbabu) http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/destinasi/ userfiles/image/buat%20artikel%20copy.jpg


20140507 11.44

Kembangraps

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/8/8c/Ceto_tampak_depan.jpg (By: Kembangraps)

73

CETHO TEMPLE

73

MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE

74

SAMBISARI TEMPLE

74

ROTTERDAM FORT

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/fort%20rotterdam3.jpg

75

GEDUNG SATE

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/1_bandung_gedungsate.jpg

75

KRATON NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Keraton%20Yogya%202.jpg

76

LUBANG JEPANG

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Lampu%20menerangi%20Lobang%20 Jepang%20Bukittinggi.jpg

76

LAWANG SEWU

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/lawangsewu2.jpg

76

NGABEN

77

CEMETERY IN TRUNYAN

77

CEMETARY OF DAYAK BENUAQ

20140508 19.47

78

BATU LEMO, TANA TORAJA

20140508 15.33

http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Toraja-07.jpg

78

ASMAT TRIBE MUMMIFICATION

20140508 12.41

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/471/thewamena-highlands

78

Batu Lemo-Tana Toraja

20140508 15.33

http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Toraja-07.jpg

78

Mumi Suku Asmat

20140508 12.41

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/471/thewamena-highlands

http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/_MG_2201%20Candi%20Gedong%20 II.jpg 20140507 10.27

Crisco 1492

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/5/53/Sambisari_Panorama_%2829_ December_2013%29.jpg (By: Crisco 1492)

Agus Kustiwa 20140508 18.43

Yusuf IJsseldijk

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/7/71/Human_skulls%2C_Trunyan%2C_ Lake_Batur%2C_Bali.jpg

Tropenmuseum

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/4/41/COLLECTIE_ TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Benua_Dajak_ kamponghoofd_%28petinggi%29_van_Tanjongjan_ Borneo_TMnr_10001683.jpg



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