MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF INFORMATION AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
WORDS OF REMARKS
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology is proud to present this publication to the public containing various treasure the country has that perhaps many of us know little about. That is why we title this publication as Indonesia; The Untold Stories. Over many years of development and in pursuit of our own identity, we have come to realize that many information, history, geography, anthropology, culture, national treasure and many more nation’s belongings we learnt from the west. In fact, our existence as a nation which dated back to thousands of years ago had very little place in the world history. Only after foreign settlement in Indonesia, we then began our nation and all its vast diversity being told to the public. FREDDY H. TULUNG
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
i DIRECTOR GENERAL OF INFORMATION AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Naturally we have been grateful to all those explorer, historians, and many more foreign discoverers who have been passionate enough to write about our country. Nevertheless, to further give us a sense of unity or our own identity, the Ministry aims at publishing this book to seek wisdom from our own identity. It is with this purpose we hope to accomplish a clear path towards our destiny and help develope a direction for the future path towards prosperity. We hope this publication will bring about pride and joy to everyone who simply never ceases to be amazed about this country, what it stands for and what make it so special to all of us. Enjoy reading and God Bless Indonesia.
FOREWORD
Geography is destiny. This book called INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES is the premiere series of publication about the country’s best kept secrets information that astonishes not just every Indonesian, but the world alike. This coffee table style and format is designed to ease and entertain readers with picturesque and easy to digest content of all ages and walks of life.
DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND PROVISION
With so much to write about this country, we are confident that we will follow production of the next series and will welcome contributions, critics or even some photographic materials to enrich our library. We wish to acknowledge a special friend from Good News From Indonesia movement who relentlessly strive to spread the good news about this country. Please also join us in wishing all of Indonesian the very best and may this book brings the best of us; today, tomorrow and beyond.
ii INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
DEDET SURYA NANDIKA
Indonesia which spans over 5,000 kilometers from east to west or equivalent range of Vladivostok to Sweden is a country of endless wonders and diversity waiting to be discovered. Out of 17,500 islands less than 6% even have names. No wonder if Indonesia is called with many precious phrases; from the jewels of equator, the amazon of the sea, the most diverse rainforest, and most of all the custodian of coral reef triangle. Our oceans contribute over 30% of air all creatures breathe in this planet.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES EDITOR IN CHIEF Freddy H. Tulung REDACTOR Dedet Surya Nandika EDITOR Rosmiati
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
iii Directorate of Information Management and Provision Directorate General of Information and Public Communication Ministry of Communication and Information Technology Republic of Indonesia ditppi@mail.kominfo.go.id w w w. k o m i n f o.g o. i d
TRANSLATORS Ermiel Thabrani Muhammad Azhar Iskandar Zainal Septa Dewi Anggraeni Donum Theo Filmon Leonard Warouw Penni Patmawati Rusman Rina Alexandra Siti Chodijah Sugiarti Wilda Stiana
WRITERS Teguh Imawan Akhyari Hananto (GNFI) Dimas Aditya Nugraha Suminto Yuliarso Farida Dewi Maharani Riana Riskinandini Nuniek Aprianti Wibowo Renita Sukma Yusri Sinambela Titania Nurrahim Bayu Dwi Purnomo Dadang Sutrisna Agus Setia Budiawan SECRETARIAT Heryadi Naca Tri Murwanti Syafaat Rokayah Lucy Tri Amintasari Yudi Syahrial Hanrosboy Atikah Aida Susilowati GRAPHIC DESAINER Agus Kustiwa M Sabur Danang Firmansyah
i
WORDS OF REMARKS
47
INDONESIA’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS WORLD PEACE
ii
FOREWORD
49
THE ROLE OF INDONESIA IN INTERNATIONAL FORUM
1
46 YEARS TRAVELING AROUND INDONESIA
51
CHAMPION OF DEMOCRACY
3
INDONESIA IS AS LARGE AS EUROPE
52
INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)
5
THERE ARE 707 LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA
53
BENGAWAN SOLO, AND TO THE DISTANT THE RIVER FLOWS
7
5 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA
55
ECHOES OF GAMELAN UNDER THE FEET OF EIFFEL TOWER
9
INDONESIANS FOR MANKIND
56
INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
RUN ISLAND, MOLUCCAS,
57
PENCAK SILAT FOR THE WORLD
MORE VALUABLE THAN MANHATTAN, NEW YORK
59
CIMANDE VILLAGE, THE BIRTHPLACE OF FAMOUS PENCAK SILAT
15
SPICES TO SPICE UP LIVES
61
OLD TRADITIONS NEVER FADE AWAY
17
MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION
63
NELSON MANDELA PROMOTED BATIK IN UNITED NATIONS
iv
19
THE LAND OF WEDHUS GEMBEL
65
KOTEKA AND PAPUA
21
LIVING HARMONIOUSLY WITH CALAMITY
66
INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN
23
LAKE TOBA, ONE OF THE WORLD’S TOP TEN DEEPEST LAKE
67
QUAKEPROOF TRADITIONAL HOUSES
25
TROWULAN, TEMPLE OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
69
TRI HITA KARANA, ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION TRADITION
27
PINISI, THE CONQUEROR OF SEVEN OCEANS
71
INDONESIA, A NATION OF 1000 TEMPLES
29
A GLIMPSE OF INDONESIAN OVERSEAS
75
STANDING THROUGH THE TEST OF TIME
31
HERBAL INDONESIA
77
TRIBUTES TO THE LATE AND ETERNAL SOULS
33
INDONESIAN APHRODISIAC BLEND
79
INDONESIA CYBER WAVESCAPE
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
TABLE OF CONTENT
35
LUWAK COFFEE, THE MOST EXPENSIVE COFFEE IN THE WORLD
80
ON-LINE CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY
37
THE GREEN GOLD OF INDONESIA
81
DINAMIKA MEDIA MASSA MUTAKHIR
39
GIGANTIC LEAVES
83
BANGKA AND BELITUNG’S TIN ON WORLD’S PHONES
40
BIODIVERSITY
85
INDONESIA: A TREASURE ISLAND
41
THE LAST JURASSIC ANIMAL ON EARTH
87
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION SOURCES
45
INDONESIA: THE WORLD’S GREATEST FAUNA HABITAT
13
46 YEARS
TRAVELING AROUND INDONESIA If we take one day trip on every island, it will take 46 years to end the trip across the archipelago.
THE WORLD LARGEST ARCHIPELAGO BETWEEN TWO CONTINENTS; ASIA AND AUSTRALA
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
1
92
The distance between the tip to the top of Indonesia
is longer than the continental US.
frontier small islands
INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO :
5.8 MILLION KM2 (75%) SEA AREA
COASTLINES
7.7 MILLION KM2
95,181 KM
17,480 Total number of islands
87.62% Uninhabited
12.38% Inhabited
13,466 islands registered at the United Nations
Sources: Ministry of Marines Affairs and Fisheries Affairs
2 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
1.9 MILLION KM2 (25%) LAND AREA
INDONESIA IS AS LARGE AS EUROPE
2
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
3
SUMATERA
443,066 KM2 10 PROVINCES 119 REGENCIES 34 CITIES
NAGARI SIKABUKABU TANJUANG HARO PADANG PANJANG, IN LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE, is THE LONGEST NAME FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AREA IN INDONESIA
The archipelago stretches farther than the the continental of US
1
BORNEO
539,460 KM2 5 PROVINCES 47 REGENCIES AND 9 CITIES
BANTEN, WEST PAPUA, EAST BORNEO, NORTH BORNEO AND NORTH MOLUCCAS are Indonesian provinces THAT DO NOT MAKE THEIR BIGGEST CITIES THEIR CAPITAL CITIES
5
JAVA
138,794 KM2 6 PROVINCES 85 REGENCIES 34 CITIES
OF INDONESIA’S MAJOR ISLANDS ARE IN THE TOP TEN LARGEST ISLANDS IN THE WORLD
4
6
Greenland : 2,166,086 km² Papua Island (including New Guinea) : 890,000 km² Borneo Island (Including Malaysia & Brunei) : 743,330 km² Madagascar 587,041 km² Baffin Island 507,451 km²
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Sumatera : 443,065.8 km2 Honshu : 230,500 km² Great Britain : 218,595 km² Victoria Island: 217,291 km² Ellesmere Island: 196,235 km2
INDONESIA 34 PROVINCES 410 REGENCIES 98 CITIES
CELEBES
180,681 KM2 6 PROVINCES 65 REGENCIES 11 CITIES
3
BALI & NUSA TENGGARA 3 PROVINCES 37 REGENCIES 4 CITIES
PAPUA
421,981 KM2 MOLUCCAS & PAPUA: 4 PROVINCES 57 REGENCIES 6 CITIES
MERAUKE DISTRICT is THE FAR EAST DISTRICT IN INDONESIA, AND ALSO THE BIGGEST (45,071 KM2), or more than 14 TIMES LARGER THAN YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL DISTRICT’S AREA (3,185,80 KM2)
Source: Ministry of Home Affairs
4 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
THERE ARE 707 LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA The world speaks over 7,105 languages and 10% or 707 of them are spoken in Indonesia. One single island Papua New Guinea is home to 836 languages and dialects. All these come with vast cultural and ethnic diversity.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
5
284
707
languages in Europe
languages in Indonesia
7,105 languages in the world
2,304 languages in Asia
“Selamat malam hadirin sekalian, selamat berpisah dan sampai bertemu lagi di lain waktu (Good night
Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian
people, goodbye and until we meet again)” is the voice
Language is taught in
of ILYAS HARUN, speaking in Bahasa Indonesia,
LANGUAGE CENTERS
taped in a gold record in VOYAGER I spaceship. The ship was launched by NASA in 1977 and has
IN 48
now reached the outer border of our solar system.
COUNTRIES
The record was put in Voyager I spaceship as an anticipation of alien encounter, if the ship is accidently caught by extraterestrial beings.
SINCE DECEMBER 1997, BAHASA INDONESIA HAS BECOME THE
SECOND
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE It means that Bahasa Indonesia is equal to English, French, and Japanese, as prioritised second languages.
According to www.internetworldstat.com
BAHASA INDONESIA IS THE
8 MOST TH
SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD
Bahasa Indonesia is the Right now, there are over than
93,000 VOCABULARIES
TH
in Bahasa Indonesia. IT WILL BE INCREASED BY 5,000 FROM NEW ADOPTED WORDS.
most popular language in cyberspace.
Sources : Summer Institute of Linguistics International; global.britanica.com
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
6
IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM.
5 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN INDONESIA BORNEO
The number of dialects is
CELEBES
SUMATERA
The number of dialects is
The number of dialect is
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
7
In Sumatera, every 50 Km apart, a different language or dialect is spoken.
JAVA & BALI
The number of dialects is
In February 20013, Balinese language is added to Google translation feature in addition to the existing Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia
MOST SPOKEN DIALECTS
MOLUCCAS
JAVANESE LANGUAGE (75.5 MILLION)
154 The number of dialects is
SUNDANESE LANGUAGE (27 MILLION) MALAY LANGUAGE (20 MILLION)
MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE (6.5 MILLION)
PAPUA
The number of dialects is
ETHNIC DIALECTS SPOKEN BY LESS THAN 10 PEOPLE :
NUSA TENGGARA
The number of dialects is
• • • • • • • Source : Summer Institute of Linguistics International
Lengilu Hoti Piru Hukumina Hulung Bonerif and Woria
8 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
MADURANESE LANGUAGE (13.6 MILLION)
INDONESIANS
FOR MANKIND
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
9
Distinguished scholar, scientists and former President of Indonesia made remarkable contribution to mankind.
BACHRUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE Indonesia’s third President is also a renown aeronautic engineer who holds 46 global patents.
“HABIBIE THEOREM”
Aeronautics and Space Administration USA (NASA).
In the history of aircraft making, until Habibie’s theory of CRACK PROGRESSION was discovered and published,
WORLD-CLASS CEO
it was not exactly known that an aircraft overtime can
He was the only non German native who sat as
produce a metal fatigue which can be fatal if early detection
the second in command in the biggest aircraft
method was not in place. His theory has made air travel
manufacturer located in Hamburg, Germany.
safer, more efficient and easier to maintain. Habibie’s IQ is 200; far more superior than the world
an airline (longer distance), fuel efficiency and carrying
greatest intellects, Albert Einstein who scored 160,
capacity. All this is because his theory improve the aircraft
higher than Galleleo (165) or even Sir Isaac Newton
10
weight factor. In other words, the weight of an aircraft is
(190).
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
A BRAIN BEYOND. His theory also further extend the cruising capacity of
reduced but the carrying capacity and distance coverage is increased. It makes a lot of economic sense, because less
STANDING BY FOR THE R80 TO FLY
is more.
Habibie who is now almost 80 never loses his passion and drive to invest a better aircraft product. Now, he is
VERTICAL PLANE
undertaking a project called R80. This aircraft is ideal
Habibie was entrusted to design a whole new aircraft alone.
to help Indonesia bridge its thousand islands because
One of his masterpiece is the PROTOTYPE DO-31, a first
it can take off and land at short runways and on short
propeller plane which is capable of taking off and landing
flights (hoppers). It is expected to begin its maiden
vertically. This project was developed by HFB and Dornier
flight in 2016.
industry. The design was later purchased by the National
SOSROBAHU, TJOKORDA RAKA SUKAWATI’S ROAD CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE Rotating fly over road construction is a technique invented by Tjokorda Raka Sukawati and it is called Sosrobahu method or tehnique. This technique allows traffic underneath to flow undisturbed thus easing up the road congestion which otherwise is caused by the construction. Patents have been registered worldwide.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
11
WIWEKO SOEPONO, THE INVENTOR OF TWO CREW COCKPIT DESIGN In the past, wide-body commercial aircraft was typically flown by 3—5 people in the cockpit. It was Wiweko Soepono who initiated the idea to fly a wide-body airplane with a crew of two in the cockpit. Mr. Soepono who was also the first Asian to fly over the Pacific using a single engine plane invented: Forward Facing Crew Cockpit (FFCC) on Airbus A300-B4. This allows a wide body aircraft flown by two people instead of commonly by 3-5 people.
THE GUERRILLA WAR STRATEGY OF ABDUL HARIS NASUTION Abdul Haris Nasution, a 5-star General with years of guerrilla combat experience against foreign colonialism wrote a fascinating text book on guerrilla warfare and used as a mandatory learning reference in many of the world’s elite military schools including the West Point, USA. This book is available in various world’s languages.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
12
KHOIRUL ANWAR’S 4G TECHNOLOGIES Dr. Eng. Khoirul Anwar is the inventor of and, at the same time, holds the patent of two FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) technologies used for high-speed satellite and 4G (Uplink). This method is able to solve the problem of the future wireless transmission that requires both low energy and high accuracy. This technology has become the world standard, namely the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) No. ITU-R S.1878 and ITU-R S.2173
Sources : indonesiasetara.org; runway-aviation.com
RUN ISLAND, MOLUCCAS,
MORE VALUABLE THAN MANHATTAN, NEW YORK In late 17th century, a far away little island called Run in Moluccas was heavily disputed by the Dutch and the British; all in the interest of dominating the world’s major spices. The two eventually ceased fighting and signed a treaty and agreed to exchange Manhattan Island in New York (formerly New Amsterdam) with Run Island, the world’s top nutmeg producer. Nutmeg was then more valuable and much more needed than gold.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
13
NAIRA ISLAND
AI ISLAND RUN ISLAND
BANDA ISLAND
R(H)UN ISLAND is one of the smallest islands of the Banda Islands,
LESS THAN TWO MILES LONG AND THREE QUARTER OF A MILE WIDE. Indonesia. Run Island is
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
14
Source : business.time.com
SPICES TO SPICE UP LIVES
M
uch of Indonesian history recorded on the global history is founded on the explorers’ pursuance of exotic
goods and trading materials. The European fleet of merchant ships went to Indonesia in the 16th century was primarily attracted because of the abundance of spices particularly in the
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
15
tip eastern part of Indonesia. No wonder this country is called the Spice Islands. These spices were not just in high demand in Europe, some of them were even more precious than gold. Exotic goods from far away islands were considered perfect gifts for their Majesties, Kings or Queens of these European Kingdoms. Famous explorer such as Columbus, Marco Polo, Magellan and Vasco de Gama were among thousand of others who journeyed a world and beyond and set foot on these islands
Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies (now Indonesia and beyond or Nusantara) which was his predetermined destination. He called the islanders as INDIOS which was later more popular as INDIAN.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
16
INDONESIA, PARTICULARLY THE NORTH CELEBES, MOLUCCAS AND NORTH MOLUCCAS SUPPLY OVER THREE QUARTER OF THE WORLD’S NUTMEGS NEEDS. Source: business.time.com
MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION
WAS RECORDED AS THE WORLD’S MOST CATASTROPHIC DISASTER IN MODERN HISTORY TAMBORA SPEWED OUT ASH, DUST, AND NO LESS TONS 40 0 MILLION
27 MILES
THAN 400
MILLION TONS OF SULPHURIC GASES MILES PERPENDICULAR TO
INTO THE AIR, UP TO 27
THE STRATOSPHERE, FAR ABOVE THE CLOUDS.
THE ERUPTION OF TAMBORA IS 10 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN THE ERUPTION OF KRAKATOA, AND
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
17
10.000 X
10,000 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN THE ERUPTION OF EYJAFJALLAJÖKULL IN ICELAND IN 2010.
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CLASSIFIED THE ERUPTION OF MOUNT TAMBORA AS THE MOST POWERFUL VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN MODERN HISTORY.
AS THE RESULT OF TAMBORA ERUPTION, THE EARTH WAS COVERED BY DARKNESS,
WHICH INSPIRED THE BIRTH OF LEGENDARY MYSTERY NOVELS SUCH AS ‘DARKNESS’ BY LORD BYRON, ‘THE VAMPYRE’ BY DR. JOHN PALIDORI AND ‘FRANKENSTEIN’ BY MARY SHELLEY.
YEAR WITHOUT SUMMER, DATES BACK TO 1816—1818, TRIGGERED CROP FAILURES AND DEATHS IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD.
THOMAS JEFFERSON BECAME THE FIRST FORMER US PRESIDENT WHO WAS SENT INTO DEBT DUE TO CROP FAILURES IN VIRGINIA AS A RESULT OF BIZARRE WEATHER CAUSED BY MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION.
RESULTING IN NAPOLEON’S DEFEAT IN THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO DUE TO EXTREME WEATHER IN 1815.
A 34-YEAR-OLD GERMAN, KARL FREIHERR VON DRAIS, INVENTED DRAISINE, A TWO-WHEELED WOODEN TRANSPORTATION AS A SUBSTITUTE OF HORSE AT THE TIME OF TAMBORA ERUPTION.
Sources : nationalgeographic.co.id; Fresh Water Ecology
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
18
THE LAND OF WEDHUS GEMBEL
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
19
THE TWO LARGEST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EVER RECORDED IN THE WORLD HISTORY : MOUNT TAMBORA, West Nusa
MOUNT KRAKATOA in 1883. THE
Tenggara, in 1815, spewed out 1.7
ERUPTION WAS EQUIVALENT TO 13,000
MILLION TONS OF ASH that covered
TIMES THE HIROSHIMA ATOMIC BOMB.
the atmosphere as far as Europe for a long period of time.
WEDHUS GEMBEL
M
ount Merapi’s Wedhus Gembel is a hot cloud that could vaporize human body with the burning effect similar to that of high voltage electric shock or a lightning strike.
Mount Merapi which is still active now often burst its ashes high up in the sky forming a dense cloud resembling the shape of goat or lamb fur. This cloud differs from ordinary cloud. It is very dense and curly and can be seen from miles away. The Javanese believes that such a great natural power must be named wisely as not to reflect fear.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
20
Sources : indonesia.travel; esdm.go.id
LIVING HARMONIOUSLY WITH CALAMITY
I
ndonesia is situated in The Ring of Fire where many active volcanoes are located. Its marine seabeds are home of the world’s most active tectonic plates and always on a constant collision. They are Euro-Australian, EuroAsian and Pacific plates.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
21
Indonesian must learnt to adapt, adopt and mitigate with its geographic nature which more often produce more wealth and goodness than disasters if we all know how to live in harmony with our environment.
Almost all earthquakes including the most catastrophic ones occur in the span of ring of fire.
INDONESIA HAS 129 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AND THREE MAJOR TECTONIC PLATES COLLISION THAT OCCURS FREQUENTLY. This creates a constant
phenomenon and trend of tectonic, and seismic earthquakes. Everyday, thousands of earthquakes take place in this archipelago. Fortunately, most of them scored low on Richter scale because most occur very deep under the oceans’ beds. Thus, the effect is less devastating. But when a major collision occurs in shallow water, a giant tsunami 22 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
and aftermath is felt thousands of miles away.
Sources : bappenas.go.id; nationalgeographic.com; indonesia.travel;
LAKE TOBA, Lake Toba, in which Samosir Island is located, is THE
DEEPEST AND THE BIGGEST VOLCANIC-FORMED LAKE IN THE WORLD.
This was actually a caldera from a Super Eruption of an extinct Mount Toba. The uplift magma surfacing from the deep is a volcanic activity that form Samosir island.
ONE OF THE WORLD’S TOP TEN DEEPEST LAKE TOTAL AREA OF LAKE TOBA:
1,130 KM²
SAMOSIR ISLAND ELEVATION:
1,000 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL LAKE TOBA DIMENSION:
100 KM LONG; 35 KM WIDE
23 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
SAMOSIR ISLAND SURFACE AREA:
630 KM²
DEPTH OF LAKE TOBA:
505 M (RANKED 9
IN THE WORLD’S DEEPEST LAKE)
OVER 1,500 LAKES IN INDONESIA with 840 LARGE ONES There are
AND THE REMAINING SMALL ONES.
TH
Lake Toba is located IN
SUMATERA, THE 5TH LARGEST ISLAND IN THE WORLD.
AT AN ALTITUDE OF
1,960 MASL.
IN 2007, LAKE
PANIAI,
PANIAI REGENCY, PAPUA,
WAS RECOGNIZED BY 157 COUNTRIES ATTENDED THE WORLD LAKE CONFERENCE HELD IN INDIA, FOR ITS BEAUTY. LAKE PANIAI IS AN ENDEMIC HABITAT OF PAPUA SHRIMP WHICH IS
KNOWN AS “UDANG
SELINGKUH” (OR LITERALLY TRANSLATES AS “CHEATING SHRIMP” OR CHERAX ALBERTISII) -A SHRIMP WITH BIG CLAWS/ FLOPS SIMILAR TO CRABTHE POPULATION OF THIS CREATURE IS NOW CONSIDERED ENDANGERED.
LAKE MATANO IN SOROWAKO (SOUTH CELEBES) WITH 600 METERS DEEP
LAKE KAKABAN IN DERAWAN ISLAND, EAST BORNEO, IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST JELLYFISH LAKE WHICH COVERS AN AREA OF 5KM2. THERE ONLY TWO
IS THE DEEPEST LAKE
COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD WHICH HAS
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE 9TH DEEPEST LAKE IN THE WORLD.
LAKE KELIMUTU (FLORES ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA) CONSISTED OF THREE
COLORED CRATER LAKES NAMELY TIWU ATA POLO, TIWU NUAMURI KOO FAI, AND TIWU ATA MBUPU. EACH OF THE THREE LAKE HAS DIFFERENT COLOR NAMELY RED, BLUE, AND WHITE.
JELLYFISH LAKE, NAMELY
INDONESIA.
PALAU AND
THERE ARE 7JELLYFISH
LAKES IN INDONESIA, NAMELY: 1. LAKEKAKABAN, KAKABAN ISLAND OF THEDERAWAN ISLANDS, EAST BORNEO 2. LAKEHAJIBUANG, MARATUA ISLAND, EAST BORNEO 3. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN KARAWAPOP, MISOOL ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 4. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN SUMALELEN, MISOOL ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 5. JELLYFISH LAKE LOCATED IN BATANPALE, RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA 6. LAKE MARIONA, TOGEAN ISLAND, CENTRAL CELEBES 7. LAKELANDU, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
LAKE SENTANI, PAPUA, HAS ITS OWN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF FRESHWATER
SHARK WHICH
IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS SAW SHARK OR SENTANI SHARK. Sources : worldatlas.com; geology.com;
24 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
LAKE GUNUNG TUJUH IN JAMBI IS THE HIGHEST LAKE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, LOCATED
OVER
807 kingdoms REIGNED IN INDONESIA
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
25
MAJAPAHIT • While Italy has Pompeii, Peru has Machu Pichu, Jordan has Petra, Cambodia has AngkorWat, Greece has the Acropolis, INDONESIA HAS TROWULAN; THE RUINS OF THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, MAJAPAHIT. • Majapahit was the last Hindu-Buddhist Empire that ruled the archipelago and became the largest
TEMPLE OF THE LARGEST KINGDOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
empire in the history of Indonesia. IT GAINED POWER OVER JAVA, SUMATRA, MALAY PENINSULA, BORNEO, TO EAST INDONESIA. • INDONESIA’S FLAG COLOR RESEMBLED TO MAJAPAHIT FLAG which is RED OVER WHITE. • KALI MAJAPAHIT, a newly emerged martial art popular in the Philippines was actually originated from Majapahit war troops. Kali Majapahit means the Kris (dagger-like weapon) of Majapahit. In the manuscript of Majapahit in Negarakertagama is called Sundang Majapahit which a form of martial art using Kris and swords as its lethal weapons.
Source : indonesia.travel
26 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
TROWULAN,
PINISI,
THE CONQUEROR OF SEVEN OCEANS PINISI IS A BUGINESE TRADITIONAL SHIP THAT WAS JOURNEYING THE WORLD’S GREATEST OCEANS SINCE 14TH CENTURY. Pinisi average Death Weight Tonnage or DWT is between 100 to 200 TONS and is hand built by master craft men and ship builders using the best available wooden INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
27
materials from the islands.
INDONESIA’S OCEAN VOYAGE LEGACY WAS MADE POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF PINISI. It is one among other prominent signs of a true marine nation.
Indonesia’s renown marine tribes, THE BUGINESE TRAVELED AS FAR AS AUSTRALIA IN 17TH CENTURY BEFORE EUROPEAN SET FOOD ON THIS CONTINENT. A proof of this journey was well recorded in THE ABORIGINES PAINTING. This painting must be a manifestation of an important historical event because Aborigines were land lock not marine tribe.
We can find Buginese villages almost in all Indonesian regions. THE
SPREADING OF BUGINESE OCEANIC VOYAGES HAD REACHED ASIA PACIFIC AND BEYOND.
CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA CALLED MACCASSAR (now called There is place in
Makassar, the capital city of South Celebes). This is a landmark and legacy of Buginese settlement and voyages.
Source : wikipedia
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
28
A GLIMPSE OF INDONESIAN OVERSEAS THE AVERAGE INCOME of Indonesian citizen in the The United States is HIGHER than an average The United States citizen.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
29
1 OUT OF 20 PEOPLE IN THE WORLD IS INDONESIAN AND THEY ARE EVERYWHERE. No less than 8 MILLION Indonesian Overseas spread all over the world. This number is equal to the population of Sweden and Austria or even twice of Singapore’s population. Indonesian overseas annually contributes to Indonesian foreign exchange up to US$ 7BILLION, OR NEARLY RP.70TRILLION. This amount is almost equal to the annual allocation for special autonomy fund in 2012 State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) which transferred by central government to local governments. There are currently 56 INDONESIAN OVERSEASNETWORK (IDN) BRANCHES IN 26 COUNTRIES.
Javanese people in
DURING 1890-1939 OVER 30 THOUSANDS FORCE LABORS WERE BROUGHT TO SURINAME FROM JAVA BY THE DUTCH to work on
Suriname are STILL
USING JAVANESE LANGUAGE for naming a person or a village.
KAWANUA is Minahasa
sugar cane plantation. They have since blended with local natives and form a mixed culture of Javanese and Surinamese.
people who do not live in the land of Minahasa. Kawanua in Minahasa language is often interpreted as inhabitants of the land or the united
TODAY, A CLEAR SIGNS AND LEGACY OF JAVANESE ARE EMBEDDED IN VARIOUS LANDMARKS OF THE COUNTRY. Many
Wanuas or “MINAESA”
30 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
places have been named in Javanese meanings and language. This is most eminent in the names of Surinamese people who are natively Javanese
(MINAHASA PEOPLE)
SURINAME
Sources : setkab.go.id; indonesiadiaspora.com.au;
INDONESIAN HERBS
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
31
INDONESIA HAS THE 2ND LARGEST BIODIVERSITY IN THE WORLD AFTER BRAZIL. 75% OF ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES CAN BE FOUND IN INDONESIA.
THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY OF UNIVERSITY OF GAJAH MADA IN YOGYAKARTA IS THE ONLY UNIVERSITY IN INDONESIA THAT TEACHES HERBAL PHARMACY
HERBAL MEDICINES MARKET
2012 US$ 1.1 BILLIONS 2015(DOMESTIC MARKET) US$ 1.8 BILLIONS 2015(FOREIGN MARKET) US$ 1.5 BILLIONS
90,000 plant species have been used as herbal medicine.
32
7,500 are medicine plants
940 species have been identified
1,845 species have been inventoried
283 species have been registered as jamu (traditional medicine) at Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM)
Indonesia has been voiced by APEC ECONOMIES as THE CENTER FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HERBAL DEVELOPMENT Sources : Research and Development Ministry of Agriculture; National Agency of Drug and Food Control; Ministry of Health.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
40,000 plant species
INDONESIAN APHRODISIAC BLEND Countless herbal plants and spices grow in these lush tropical islands. any are known to be aphrodisiac.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
33
PURWOCENG, JAVANESE APHRODISIAC Grows in high altitude of Dieng plateau. It warms the human body and helps blood circulation thus improving reproduction system and libido.
TANGKUR BUAYA, MAKES YOU AS STRONG AS A CROCODILE Tangkur Buaya or Croc’s genital is a rare commodity and must not be harvested from wild crocodile. This is men’s supplement for an increased love appetites.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
34
PASAK BUMI,
MADURESE HERBAL BLEND,
INDONESIAN FOREST APHRODISIAC
NEXT ROUND COMES AROUND
Pasak Bumi or loosely translated as earth pillar is an
Madura, an island off Surabaya coast is well known for its
earth Aphrodisiac growing over 30 feet underground. The herbal is best consumed with tea, ginger and a twist of lemon.
herbal aphrodisiac. A blend of ginger, tumeric, eggs, honey and fish oil is a natural way of maintaining healthy vitality and love scent. Sources : Research and Development Ministry of Agriculture; National Agency of Drug and Food Control; Ministry of Health.
LUWAK COFFEE, THE MOST EXPENSIVE COFFEE IN THE WORLD This coffee costs US$ 160/pound. You must be wondering how it tastes. Luwak coffee is natural coffee beans blended in the stomach of a Civet (mongoose family). These beans can only be found in the faeces of these animals. INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
35
It was told that during the early colonial plantation region of Indonesia, the plantation workers were only allowed to drink these Luwak coffee. Only recently, the world’s coffee connoisseur realized that this coffee is exotic and has a special taste found in no other coffee beans families.
750.000 tons
1,6 billions
is Indonesian coffee export value Indonesia is the
4
th
PRIVATE PLANTATIONS AND GOVERNMENT
2.000.000
coffee stakeholder
largest coffee producing country in the world.
36
PEOPLE’S PLANTATION
96%
of coffee plantation in Indonesia are individually owned by local farmers, the other belongs to private plantations and government (PTP Nusantara)
4%
1.300.000 hectares of coffee plantation
950 gr/capita local consumption
350,000 p/a Export is Indonesian coffee export volume.
robusta coffee (85%) and arabica (15%) 4th largest in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. 50 export destination countries of Indonesian coffee with USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom as the main destinations. Sources : therichest.com; aeki-aice.org
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
The amount of coffee production in Indonesia
THE GREEN GOLD OF INDONESIA RUBBER
COFFEE
PALM TREE COCONUT
CACAO
PEPPER
PATCHOULI
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
37
SUNAN PECAN
TEA
15 PRIMARY PLANTATIONS IN INDONESIA
JATROPHA CURCAS TOBACCO
COTTON SUGARCANE
CLOVE CASHEW
RUBBER Indonesia is the world’s
2ND
LARGEST PRODUCING
COUNTRY of natural rubber after Thailand
PALM TREE
CACAO
INDONESIA IS THE LARGEST PALM OIL PRODUCER IN THE WORLD. In Indonesia, the spreads are in the region
Indonesian natural rubber production in 2012 reached
3.27 MILLION TONS
of Aceh, the east coast of Sumatra, Java, and Celebes. STATE FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE EXPORT OF CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) IS 13.5 TRILLION RUPIAH
Indonesia is 18% cacao producer in the world which is number 3 after Ivory Coast and Ghana
95% of cacao plantation is owned and Indonesia controls ±27% - and
harvested by 1.7 MILLION local farmers.
Thailand ±30% - of the world’s
This resonates a significant livelihood for
demand of natural rubber.
smallholders.
Indonesian rubber production is almost 100% in the form of semi-finished upstream industry products: Ribbed Smoke Sheet, Standard Indonesian Rubber, Unsmoked Sheet, and Concentrated Latex. While for downstream production, Indonesia still has very limited number of producers, including PT Industri Karet Nusantara which is a subsidiary
A total of 95% cacao plantations owned by individual farmers covering about 1.7 MILLION FARMERS in Indonesia FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRIBUTED REACHED US$ 1.05 BILLION IN 2012 The total of national production of cacao beans in 2012 REACHED 712,000 TONS
of PT Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan, North Sumatra.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
38
GIGANTIC LEAVES IN LANGKAT district of NORTH SUMATRA particularly in the mountain scape of LEUSER, you will find A PALM LEAF LIKE MEASURING UP TO 4 TIMES THE HEIGHTS OF AN ADULT HUMAN. The locals call it DAUN SANG OR JOEY PALM. This one is the DIAMOND OF JOEY PALM and endemic to this habitat. These leaves are a common BUILDING MATERIALS in these areas.
THE SANG LEAVES (JOHANNESTIJSMANIA ALTIFRONS) belongs to the the palm family
39 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
(Arecaceae). Indonesia’s diversity of palm ranks first in the world which reached 477
SPECIES, 225 SPECIES OF WHICH ARE ENDEMIC.
6M
1,7 M Sources : www.goodnewsfromindonesia.com www.pacsoa.org.au
BIODIVERSITY 350
Indonesia ranks 8th
60%
out of 10 countries with THE LARGEST NATURAL FOREST AREA IN THE WORLD
60% of the world’s rattan species can be found in Indonesia. 350 OF 600 SPECIES OF THE WORLD’S RATTAN grow in Indonesia’s tropical rain forest habitat.
SPECIES
RAFFLESIA,
Indonesia has the most diversed species of Meranti or shorea Dipterocarpus in the world,
THE WORLD’S LARGEST FLOWER
with more than 400 species.
From 32 species of Rafflesia in Southeast Asia, 17 can be found in Indonesia. RAFFLESIA ARNOLDI IS THE with ALMOST 1 METER IN DIAMETER AND WEIGHING UP TO 11 KG, endemic in Bengkulu, Indonesia.
INDONESIA HAS THE LARGEST RAINFOREST IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. The total area of tropical forest in Indonesia
INDONESIA IS A COUNTRY WITH THE SECOND LARGEST BIODIVERSITY IN THE WORLD, REACHING 20,000 SPECIES, 40%
REACHED 98.56 MILLION HECTARES or 52.4% of the
are endemic or native plants in
total land in Indonesia.
Indonesia.
40%
THE WORLD’S SMALLEST ORCHID •
Orchids (Orchidaceae) reached 6,000 SPECIES OF ORCHIDS
•
The Indonesian Scientific Institution (LIPI) duirng the period of 2009-2013 found 9 NEW ENDEMIC species of ORCHIDS.
•
Oberonia sp, THE SMALLEST ORCHID IN THE WORLD, native to Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra and SUGARCANE ORCHID (GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM) SPREAD across the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Celebes, Moluccas, and Papua.
Sources: Indonesia Forest Statistics 2011, Ministry of Forestry; lartas-kemendag.net; www.panda.org; ditjenbun.deptan.go.id; blog.sivitas.lipi.go.id; fwi.or.id; uplmps.unsoed.ac.id;
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
40
LARGEST FLOWER IN THE WORLD
THE LAST JURASSIC ANIMAL ON EARTH IT SURVIVE OVER 36 CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE LAST 200 MILLION YEARS. This giant monitor lizard is ONLY FOUND IN KOMODO ISLANDS is also known as the LARGEST CRAWLING DRAGON EVER KNOWN to mankind. Komodo is the last Jurassic animal on earth.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
41
Sumber : menlh.go.id nationalgeographic.com world.new7wonders.com
KOMODO, THIS LIZARD IS BELIEVED TO BE THE ONLY THE PRE-HISTORIC DINOSAUR THAT SURVIVED UP TO THIS MOMENT. Local people
KOMODO IS ONE OF THE WORLD NEW NATURAL SEVEN WONDERS.
ORA.
KOMODO ISLAND IS PART OF THE KOMODO NATIONAL PARK WHICH COVERS THE AREA OF 173 THOUSAND HECTARES.
Komodo has an average length of 2-3 meters. THE
The largest part of the Komodo National Park is marine. The sea
LARGEST KOMODO EVER EXISTED WAS 3.13 METERS LONG AND 166 KILOGRAMS WEIGH.
floor of Komodo National Park’s marine water is the best diving
living near Komodo Island, its habitat, called this giant animal as
sites in the world.
In 1986, KOMODO
NATIONAL PARK WAS AWARDED AS UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE SITE
KOMODO NATIONAL PARK
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
42
LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) •
The few last remaining marine creature from the time of dinosaur roamed the earth. This species spawn in Indonesian waters and journey around the world from Papua to African peninsula.
•
Leatherback Sea Turtle body weight can reach 900 kg with a body length of about one and a half to two meters.
•
Habitat: tropical waters to sub-polar regions and regularly spawn on beaches in tropical regions.
•
There are very few places in the world they choose to spawn. One of their spawning grounds is in the Jamursba Medi Beach and Warmon Beach located in the North of West papua Province’s Bird’s Head, Abun District, Tambarauw Regency.
TRENGGILING OR PANGOLIN
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
43 •
Has been existed since the Oligocene and Miocene era, about 33 million to 23 million years ago.
•
Habitat: tropical rainforest in the lowlands. Trenggiling can be found in Southeast Asia. The Trenggiling found Indonesia is known as Trenggiling Java (Manis javanica) and can be found in the mountainous regions of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali.
Sources : www.iucnredlist.org; www.bk.menlh.go.id; www.penyu.org; www.seaturtle.org
COELACANTH FISH (IKAN RAJA LAUT – NORTH CELEBES) •
Coelacanth fish is estimated to have existed since the Devonian era of about 380 million years ago.
•
This fish is believed to have gone extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, but was rediscovered in the waters of North Celebes in 2007. In Indonesia, ancient Coelacanth fish can be found in the waters of Talise, North Minahasa and Malalayang waters, the Bay of Manado, North Celebes.
•
AROWANA FISH
44
This fish has existed on earth
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
•
since 220 million years ago. This fish can be found in the Amazon, in some parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. Arowana Fish (Scleropagus sp.) can be found in the freshwater area in Indonesia, especially in upper Kapuas River and Lake Sentarum in West Borneo. This fish thrives in the peat primitive forest water ecosystem.
Sources : www.wwf.or.id; www.bk.menlh.go.id
INDONESIA: THE WORLD’S GREATEST FAUNA HABITAT
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
45
TARSIUS PRIMATE (TARSIUS PUMILUS OR PYGMY TARSIER) This is THE SMALLEST
PRIMATE IN THE WORLD and is only a PALM SIZE OF A MAN.
SUN BEAR (HELARCTOS MALAYANUS) This is THE SMALLEST BEAR
IN THE WORLD, endemic to Borneo. This bear is HALF THE SIZE of a grown adult.
Sources: www.indonesia.travel; www.bk.menlh.go.id
JAVAN RHINOCEROS (RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS) • TOTAL POPULATION OF NO MORE THAN 50 ANIMALS in Ujung Kulon National Park on the most western tip of Java.
• INCLUDED IN THE RED LIST OF THE IUCN WORLD CONSERVATION AGENCY, which is in the category of critically endangered.
IS THE FOURTH MOST POPULOUS IN THE WORLD. • From the 1,598 SPECIES OF BIRDS in INDONESIA, 381 SPECIES ARE ENDEMIC. • BIRD OF PARADISE (Paradisea
• INDONESIA is ranked first IN THE WORLD FOR THE LARGEST NUMBER OF SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES SPECIES. • A TOTAL OF 121 SPECIES FOUND IN INDONESIA and 44% OF THEM ARE ENDEMIC. • THE SECOND LARGEST BUTTERFLIES IN THE WORLD, THE GIANT BUTTERFLY (ORNITHOPTERA GOLIATH) which lives in the forests of Papua MEASURING ABOUT 13 TO 15 CENTIMETERS.
Bird species in Indonesia
46 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
•
Rubra, Paradigalla Carunculata, Dyphilodes Respublica) is the prettiest and most beautiful birds in the world
THE STRIKING FEATHER COLOR. because of •
Endemic in the Bird’s Head region
THE WEST JAYAWIJAYA MOUNTAINS (Arfak Mountains) and in Papua.
• THE SMALLEST COCKATOO is THE PYGMY PARROT with a length of ABOUT 8 CM and lives in Papua and surrounding islands.
Sources: menlh.go.id; nationalgeographics.com, world.new7wonders.com, Ministry of Forestry
INDONESIA’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS WORLD PEACE
SINCE 1957, a total of Indonesian United Nations troops participating in peace missions in a number of countries reached 24,284
PERSONNEL. Indonesia ranks 15
OUT OF 177 countries which are the most frequent to send world peacekeeping force.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
47
Indonesia peacekeeping forces named Garuda has been deployed on UN sanctioned war areas as many as 79
THE CURRENT PRESIDENT (2009-2014) SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO, was a Brigadier General commanding a UN Chief Military post (UNPF) during peace mission in Bosnia in 1995
TIMES.
ABDURRAHMAN WAHID
SOEKARNO The first President of Indonesia with the world’s developing countries led the formation of Asia Africa Non-Aligned Movement and its ten principles. The first congress took place in Bandung in 1955. This congregation led to the basic peaceful coexistence among all its members.
Under his reign, Soeharto promoted the most diligent national movement called P-4. This basically a translation and transformation of the nation’s character building to maintain peace and harmony among all Indonesian and inter-faith populations.
Indonesia’s fourth president, Abdurrahman Wahid, who was often called Gus Dur, received the World Peace Prize Award from a non-profit institution of World Peace Prize Awarding Council (WPPAC), which is based in the United States and South Korea. Gus Dur was assessed for always bringing a message of peace between religious communities, playing an active role in the campaign for pluralism, anti-terrorism and the protection of the rights of minority groups.
MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRI The fifth President of Indonesia, Megawati Soekarno Putri, has been named as The 8th Most Powerful Woman from 100 women leaders in the world by the International Business Magazine, Forbes, During his presidency, his cabinet secured a lasting peace with the country’s prolonged disputes with Aceh.
Sources: presidenri.go.id, un.org, dpd.go.id, republika; voi.co.id, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
48 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
SOEHARTO
THE ROLE OF INDONESIA IN INTERNATIONAL FORUM
Indonesia is highly respected by member Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. His speech during Asian-African Conference (AAC) in 1955: 49 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
BANDUNG WOULD ALWAYS BE THE CAPITAL OF ASIAN AFRICAN STATES
countries of OIC
(ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION). Indonesia is considered AS A ROLE MODEL, and bridge builder between the West and Islam world. In addition, Indonesia is also a good role model in REPRESENTING
HARMONY OF ISLAM, MODERNITY AND DEMOCRACY.
The AAC or Bandung Conference in 1955, was intended to inspire Asian and African nations to liberate the states from colonialism.
THE AAC WAS ATTENDED BY 29 ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES COUNTED FOR HALF THE WORLD POPULATION AT THAT TIME.
Indonesia participates in regional and international forum such as ASEAN,
UN, G-20, APEC, ASEM, OIC AS WELL AS WTO.
Indonesia is among the founding member states of ASEAN and is now cochairing the New African Strategic Partnership
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was first initiated in Blake Island, Seattle USA in 1993. It began a few years earlier as a forum of Economic Ministerial Meeting among the 12 initial APEC Economies. In 1994, in Bogor the leaders agreed to pursue what is then known as Bogor Goals aimed at Free Trade and Open Economy by 2010 for developed Economies and 2020 for developing Economies. Currently APEC has 21 Economies as its members spanning from Papua New Guinea to Peru on the other side of the planet. Sources: apec.org; Ministry of Home Affairs; General Election Comission; undp.or.id; menegpp.go.id.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
50
CHAMPION OF DEMOCRACY
THE AVERAGE OF ELECTION IN INDONESIA, is held in every
5
DAYS DURING THE WHOLE YEAR, including legislative and presidential elections, as well as regional and local elections for governors, mayor, and regents. In the early reformation era of 1999,( the milestone of Indonesian democracy) , the number of political party participated in the election was 48
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
51
IN 2011
IN 2012
48 PARTIES
IN 2013
148 87 75 local elections were held local elections were held
local elections were held
INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI) IDI REFERS TO NUMERICAL FIGURES INDICATING LEVEL OF DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT in all provinces in Indonesia BASED ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF DEMOCRACY, NAMELY CIVIL LIBERTY, POLITICAL RIGHTS, AND INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY. IDI is a joint cooperation between Indonesian National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), Coordinating Ministry of Politics, Law and Security (Kemenkopolhukam), Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Ministry of Home Affairs, UNDP, Australian AID, and also provincial stakeholders including Provincial Governments, Academicians, Media and NGOs A directive for gender congressional participation of 30% was established in 2004, giving women more opportunities and empowerment to lead the nation together with their fellow Indonesians. SINCE
52 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
30%
THEN THE ADMISSION OF WOMEN IN THE PARLIAMENT HAS DOUBLED IN THREE ELECTION PERIODS (2004-2009, 2009-2014 AND BEYOND)
DEMOCRACY INDEX 2012
According to the Economist Intelligence Unit
INDONESIA
6.76 THAILAND
6.55 MALAYSIA
6.41
Democratization process is also measured by the FREEDOM OF PRESS. Indonesian press enjoyed this freedom even more than their colleagues in many developed countries including the US, Europe including Scandinavian countries and Japan.
BENGAWAN SOLO, AND TO THE DISTANT THE RIVER FLOWS BENGAWAN SOLO WAS AND STILL IS A FAMOUS SONG CREATED BY GESANG MARTOHARTONO OF CENTRAL JAVA. THE JAPANESE AND THE POLLACK USED THESE SONGS TO AMPLIFY SENSES OF PATRIOTISM. EMPEROR HIROHITO AWARDED A SPECIAL RECOGNITION FOR THIS SONG AND ITS AUTHOR.
THE SONG OF BENGAWAN SOLO WAS WRITTEN IN 1940 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
53
BY GESANG MARTOHARTONO IN CENTRAL JAVA.
THIS SONG IS A MANIFESTATION OF A GREAT RIVER IN JAVA CALLED BENGAWAN SOLO STRETCHES OVER 540 KM THROUGH MAJOR PULSE OF JAVA.
THE SONG HAS BEEN TRANSLATED IN 13 LANGUAGES including English, Mandarin, Russian, Japanese and many more. It has been sung by many world renown singers.
SINGERS AROUND THE WORLD WHO MADE A COVER OF GESANG’S BENGAWAN SOLO ARE AS FOLLOWS: TOSHI MATSUDA (JAPAN), WALDJINAH (INDONESIA), ANNEKE GRONLOH (DUTCH-INDONESIAN), REBECCA PAN (PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA), FRANCES YIP (PRC), P. RAMLEEDAN SALOMA (MALAYSIA), MAYA GOLOVNYA (SOVIET UNION), VIOLETTA VILLAS (POLAND).
The river of Bengawan Solo, which inspired Gesang, is THE LONGEST RIVER ON JAVA ISLAND WITH 543,8 KM LENGTH with two headwaters from South Hills, Wonogiri and Ponorogo and ends as creek in Gresik. “BENGAWAN” IN JAVANESE MEANS “THE GREAT RIVER”. 54 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
The river and its water system was formed about 4 million years ago.
Sources : music.columbia.edu, wikipedia, tokohindonesia.com
ECHOES OF GAMELAN UNDER THE FEET OF EIFFEL TOWER
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
55
IN 1889, JAVANESE AND SUNDANESE GAMELANS WERE PART OF THE INAUGURATION OF THE EIFFEL TOWER IN PARIS and had influenced the work of a famous french composer, Claude Debussy (1862-1918), whose later made a breakthrough in western classical music
GAMELAN IS INCLUDED IN THE CURRICULUM AT SEVERAL SCHOOLS IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN. MOREOVER, IT HAS BECOME A FIXED CURRICULUM AT NEW ZEALAND SCHOOL OF MUSIC (NZSM).
MUSIC COMPOSER FOR BOX OFFICE MOVIE “LIFE OF PI”, MYCHAEL DANNA, INSERTED THE SOUNDS OF BALINESE GAMELAN AS ITS MOVIE SOUNDTRACK.
WORLD’S FIRST GAMELAN FESTIVAL WAS HELD IN 1986 IN CANADA.
Sources : guinessworldrecord.com muri.org
INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Kariding musical instrument IS MADE OF WOOD AND PALM FROND LEAF. IT IS A PEN SIZE INSTRUMENT PLAYED BY BLOWING ITS TUBE AND MOVEMENT OF FINGERS Karinding was initially USED BY SUNDANESE ANCESTORS TO DRIVE AWAY PEST AT PADDY FIELDS, OR IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUALS OR CULTURAL CEREMONIES. MURI RECORDED a national record of playing Karinding by 515 people in Sumedang.
ANGKLUNG – WEST JAVA Angklung has been registered as Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO since November 2010. GUINNESS BOOK OF RECORDS recorded THE LARGEST ANGKLUNG ENSEMBLE CONSISTED OF 5,182 PARTICIPANTS IN WASHINGTON DC. Participants were orchestrated by Indonesian angklung maestro, Mang Udjo. A.S.A.P. DRAGON FLY is a rock band that plays rockangklung (rocklung) and has been performing around the world, such as in Tong Tong Festival XII in Den Haag, The
SASANDO – EAST NUSA TENGGARA Sasando is a traditional musical instrument that combines THREE TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, NAMELY HARP, PIANO AND GUITAR; three MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN ONE RHYTHM SECTION YAKKUB BULLAN once played Sasando in Indonesian Cultural Night in Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes and Instituto Superior de Artes Havana, Cuba. SASANDO HAS BEEN REGISTERED TO THE UNESCO FOR INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE , pending the announcement.
KOLINTANG – MINAHASA The biggest Kolintang WAS RECORDED IN THE GUINNESS BOOK OF RECORDS IN OCTOBER 31ST 2009. It was made of a single compact car size wood of Cempaka tree. THIS INSTRUMENT ALONG WITH BAMBOO MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS also held a record of MASSIVE MUSICAL ORCHESTRA PARTICIPATED BY OVER 1200 PEOPLE IN TONDANO, NORTH CELEBES IN 2009.
Netherlands, Germany, Turkey, China, Shanghai, Egypt and Malaysia.
Sources : muri.org; guinessworldrecord.com
56 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
KARINDING – WEST JAVA
PENCAK SILAT FOR THE WORLD
A
genuine and native Indonesian martial art called Pencak Silat was first introduced by King Erlangga of Sidoarjo, East Java in the early years of the first millennium. This self defense system was initially used to exhibit power and defend territory from enemy invasion
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
57
D
uring the era of kingdoms on Java,
58 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
Sumatera, BORNEO, CELEBES up to Malay Peninsula, people created
various moves adapted from local animal behaviours in the environment. Those kingdoms were as follows: Kutai, Tarumanegara, Mataram, Kediri, Singasari, Sriwijaya, Majapahit During colonial era, Pencak Silat was instrumental in combating foreign forces in Indonesia. One remarkable incident was the heroic battle of Surabaya in November 1945 Today, Pencak Silat us taught in Indonesian Military Academy as well as many schools of Martial Arts in the world Source: wikipedia
CIMANDE VILLAGE,
THE BIRTHPLACE OF FAMOUS PENCAK SILAT
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
59
PENCAK SILAT CIMANDE IS ALSO KNOWN TO CURE BONE FRACTURES AND DEFORMATION.
Pencak Silat is NOW ORGANIZED WORLDWIDE under PENCAK SILAT FEDERATION, and at the moment it members 40 COUNTRIES. This federation is centered towards INDONESIA’S PENCAK SILAT LEARNING INSTITUTE in Indonesia Miniature Garden in Jakarta. THE FIRST PENCAK SILAT WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP WAS HELD IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA IN 1986. THE MOVIE “THE RAID” won various international film festivals and subsequently put Pencak Silat on the world stage. There are now at least 600 styles and moves of pencak silat in Indonesia alone. Influenced by local cultures, pencak silat is also dominant in Sources : tiff.net; Research and Development Ministry of Health
religious nuance.
60 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
CALLED PADEPOKAN located
OLD TRADITIONS NEVER FADE AWAY
Stone jumping tradition in Nias island, North Sumatera, popularly known as HOMBO BATU OR FAHOMBO, has existed for centuries amongst megalith cultures on an island with 700,000 population, of 5,625 KM2 and surrounded by Indian Ocean. Pile of rocks that must be jumped over is 2 METERS HIGH, 90 CM WIDE AND 60 CM LONG. The top rock may not be touched and perfect landing must be performed, otherwise the risk of broken bones or muscular injuries is unavoidable.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
61
NIAS ISLAND
OLYMPICS Man
On the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, Charles Austin from USA jumped as high as 2,39 meters
Woman
On the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Slesarenko Yelena from Russia jumped as high as 2,06 meters NATIONAL
Man
On the 2012 National Games (PON) in Pekanbaru, Riau, Andre Dermawan jumped as high as 2.15 meters
Woman
On the 2012 National Games (PON) in Pekanbaru, Riau, Andre Dermawan jumped as high as 2.15 meters
REOG is one of Indonesia’s numerous well-preserved traditional dances. It originates from PONOROGO, a city on northwest East Java. Thus the dance inherits its famous name; Reog Ponorogo. The dancer is believed to obtain power from mystical or supernatural realm.
Sources : indonesia.travel; olympic.org
The male dancer wears a crowned lion mask made from peacock feathers. HE HOLDS THIS 60 KG MASK WITH HIS TEETH. He gains this powerful strength from an in-depth spiritual exercises including fasting and meditation.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
62
NELSON MANDELA PROMOTED BATIK IN UNITED NATIONS A batik designer, NUSJIRWAN
TIRTAAMIDJAJA, or known as IWAN TIRTA introduced Indonesia’s batik to the world. His batik was first WORN BY THE WORLD LEADERS DURING APEC SUMMIT IN BOGOR, INDONESIA IN 1994. INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
63
Nelson Mandela ALWAYS
WORE BATIK IN MANY DIGNIFIED AND MAJESTIC FORA INCLUDING IN THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND DURING A VISIT TO THE BUCKINGHAM PALACE.
WOVEN FABRIC The world famous designer house Gucci used Indonesian woven fabric as material for their fashion line. International markets have acknowledged the quality of Indonesian woven fabric. The fabric is considered valuable due to its handcrafting process. Hence an international brand like Gucci agreed to collaborate with Indonesian weaver. The woven fabric were presented on international designer runways from Milan, Paris and now in London. In 2010 Fashion Week Spring, Frida Gianini from Gucci exhibited a cocktail fashion collection with tribal style theme using ikat; a traditional woven fabric pattern from Sumbawa, Indonesia.
WEAVING ORIGIN : • Troso Weaving from Jepara • Lombok Weaving from Lombok
• Sumbawa Weaving from Sumbawa
• East Nusa Tenggara Weaving from Timor
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
64
KOTEKA AND PAPUA KOTEKA is traditional male covering used in native Papua cultures. IT IS MADE FROM MARROW OUTER SKIN. Koteka is made by taking out marrow’s flesh and seed and drying the outer skin under sun. Literally, the word koteka means “clothes” and is derived from a language of one of the ethnics in Paniai. SOME
PAPUA HIGHLAND ETHNICITIES CALL IT HOLIM OR HORIM.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
65
PAPUA IS THE FOURTH HIGHEST TERRAIN AND THE LARGEST ISLAND IN THE WORLD. Its climate and topography provide diversities in ecosystem. THE
ISLAND HAS COMPLETE ECOSYSTEM
land, lake, river, sea grass and tropical coral
PUNCAK JAYAWIJAYA IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S SEVEN SUMMITS WITH THE HIGHEST PEAK OF AN ISLAND. It is also called by
reef, home to the most diversed sea species
many other names such as: Mount Carstensz, Carstensz Pyramide or
in the world.
Carstensz Topenz. The native has its own names like Nemangkawi according
such as snow, tundra, savannah, mountains, rain forest valley, mangrove, wet
to Amunkal Tribe, Ngga Pulu and Mount Sukarno. Puncak Jaya, which is located on equatorial region, has stable climate with the average 0.5 degree Celsius temperature fluctuation per year.
INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN
DANI is one of the tribes living in Papua Island. The community settles at Grand Baliem Valley in Wamena, Papua. THE
BAJOE TRIBE is also called SEA NOMADS
but unlike Balinese Hindus, the
who refuse to live on land. They
live in a traditional house called Honai
Tengger people do not worship
are nomadic and live on boats
and had a unique feast named Bakar
is world apart refuse to adopt
their Hindu religion in temples or
journeying from coast to coast.
Batu (Burning Stone) where meals
modern living. They both are
religious domes. They believe that
They originate in South East
are roasted within special burned
custodians of their pristine habitat.
they are the last pure descendants
Celebes and voyaged as far as the
stones. This feast can also be found
Much like the Amish in USA.
of Majapahit Empire.
Philippines.
throughout Papua.
TENGGER TRIBE is a native community who inhabits Mount Bromo plateau; an active volcanic mountain ridge in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java. TENGGER
THE BADUI AND ARABIC BADAWI which
Sources : indonesia.travel; Ministry of Home Affairs
66 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
PEOPLE ARE FAITHFUL HINDUS
VALLEY IS FAMOUS FOR ITS ANNUAL FESTIVAL, KNOWN AS THE BALIEM VALLEY FESTIVAL ON AUGUST. THE THREE-DAY FESTIVAL SHOWS THE RE-ENACTMENT OF WAR BETWEEN DANI, LANI AND YALI TRIBE SYMBOLLING FERTILITY AND PROSPERITY. The Danis
QUAKEPROOF TRADITIONAL HOUSES
T
raditional houses in Indonesia are not only beautifully designed but also quakeproof.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
67
GADANG TRADITIONAL HOUSE: MINANGKABAU, WEST SUMATERA The traditional Minangkabau house is proven to have the flexibility and sturdiness to withstand tremors beyond 8 Richter Scale. It uses no nails to bind each section but a carved joint to glue it together. During the horrific earthquake on 30 September 2009, these houses remained standing and intact. Sources : theinternationaljournal.org, parisada.org, indonesia.travel, Moluccas Cultural Foundation
OMO HADA TRADITIONAL HOUSE, NIAS, NORTH SUMATERA
LAHEIK TRADITIONAL HOUSE, KERINCI, RIAU
Based on its structure, Traditional Nias house construction consisted
Laheik or Larik in Bahasa Indonesia means lines. The house
of column (enomo) and beam (ndriwa). The columns are supported
is constructed from logs which are assembled using pegs.
by big rocks as the foundation against strong wind. Furthermore,
Moreover each part is assembled using roots fibre rope.
the diagonal column becomes the key to its steady and flexible
Laheik is commonly built in Lake Kerinci region which is
architecture when earthquake occurs.
situated on caesarean tectonic plates of Asia and Australia
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
68
WOLOAN TRADITIONAL STILTS HOUSE, TOMOHON, NORTH CELEBES
JOGLO TRADITIONAL HOUSE, YOGYAKARTA
The stilts house is constructed from selected woods like ironwood
The house has its own uniqueness on the solid arch roof
(Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Magnolia wood. The wood structure
construction. Each room has its own individual roof. It has
is well known for its durability during earthquake. Since 90’s
four main pillars to support the main structure and hold the
era, Woloan Stilts House is exported to overseas such as Latin
roof. Joglo structure is made from wood logs frame which is
America countries, Asia and even Europe.
assembled like a tent.
TRI HITA KARANA, ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION TRADITION Indonesia is blessed with diversed and abundant ethnics and cultures. Traditions born from Indonesian ethnic and cultural communities are still well preserved until today.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
69
One example of such tradition is TRI HITA KARANA. It is a Balinese local wisdom which highlights three main elements of harmony. The three elements are harmony between human and environment, harmony among humans and harmony between human and God. It becomes the
SUBAK is an irrigation system in Bali based on local wisdom reflecting Tri Hita Karana
APEC Economies sustainable tourism
concept. It is a comprehensive communal water management based on cultural
tagline because the purpose of
values, land use, water level and quality. The system based on the foundation of
development is not only to accelerate
Hindu rules and values is the integration of landscapes, cultural values in civil society
economic growth but also to preserve
and unique faith system. Subak is one of the oldest form of democracy in the world as
sustainable environment from which
applied on water management for crops, pura (temple), worship places and houses.
human gets the benefits.
Source : trihitakarana.info
TALLASA KAMASE-MASE is the principle of life for Kajang community. They were taught to live a humble, modest live and to avoid greed. Environment is seen as part of their living ecosystem, rather than lifeless
The community living in Bulukumba Regency, South CELEBES divides the forest into three zones. The first
IMPROVING VILLAGE ECONOMY
zone is Borong Karamaka (Forbidden Forest) where the forest potentials are prohibited to be exploited. The second is Borong Batasaya (Boundary Forest) where its wood can be used but based on traditional laws. The last is Borong Luarayya (Utilization Forest) where people may plant woods like bitti or crops like cocoa. These local wisdoms can effectively preserve the sustainable
Local wisdom through mutual PELA GADONG is a concept
cooperation is also reflected in
to establish brotherhood among
warteg (street restaurant). The
kampong (communities) in Moluccas
restaurant management is rotated
particularly the Ambon Island. The
amongst family or hometown friends
idea was born from the agreements
as the reflection of: cooperation in
of inter-communities’ ancestors.
social and economy order and for
That is still well preserved by their
working opportunity for family and
generations in upholding social law.
friends. This is one of much historical local wisdoms which is still practiced
environment.
by some communities. Source : palingindonesia.com
Sources : parisada.org, indonesia.travel
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
70
foreign objects.
INDONESIA, A NATION OF 1000 TEMPLES BOROBUDUR IS THE LARGEST TEMPLE IN THE WORLD • The temple is located in Borobudur Village, Magelang Regency, Central Java. • It is 42 metres high (10 storey) with more than 1 kilometre long reliefs. • It is estimated that Syailendra Dynasty from Ancient Mataram Kingdom (ca. 750-850 CE) took 40 years to construct.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
71
SUKUH TEMPLE, A HISTORICAL TRAPEZIUM ARCHITECTURE According to history books, the oldest civilization is characterized by its trapezium architecture for example Chichen Itza Pyramide in Yucatan, Mexico. Accordingly, Indonesia has Sukuh Temple with the similar architecture. 1. It is located at Sukuh Village, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. 2. The temple relief shows erotic depiction of naked figures and headless character (Gupala Statue). 3. Known as “The Last Temple” It is the last temple built before the fall of Majapahit Empire in Central Java.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
72
Source: www.indonesia.travel/id
MOUNT PADANG SITE •
The site is located AT MOUNT PADANG, KARYAMUKTI VILLAGE, CAMPAKA DISTRICT, CIANJUR REGENCY.
•
Its age is estimated 4500 YEARS OLD which means IT IS OLDER THAN MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION AND THE GIZA PYRAMID IN EGYPT. It is also believed as the oldest civilization in the world.
•
CETHO TEMPLE
It is not a simple site but an enormous monument. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IS
KARANGANYAR, CENTRAL JAVA
900 SQUARE METRES IN THREE HECTARES OF TOTAL SIZE. It is ten times wider than
•
It is built during Hindu Majapahit Kingdom golden age in 15TH CENTURY.
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
73
•
TOP LAYER IS ESTIMATED FROM 500 BC
MEANS CLEARLY VISIBLE. Furthermore it
while the BOTTOM IS FROM 7000 BC.
clearly the three surrounding mountains. THEY ARE MOUNT MERBABU, MOUNT MERAPI AND MOUNT LAWU. In addition, people can see the peaks of Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing. Cetho Temple reliefs are decorated with GIANT TURTLE, THE SUN (PROBABLY SYMBOL OF THE SUN OF MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM) and 2 metres long of PHALLUS SYMBOL (MALE GENITAL) with ampallang piercing. •
The age is different for each stone layer. THE
“CETHO” IN JAVANESE LANGUAGE means that from the village, people can observe
•
Borobudur in Central Java. •
A ROUGH CARVING OF TURTLE SHAPE symbolizes request or demands to God.
MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE COMPOUND •
It is located in MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE COMPOUND, MUARO SERBO DISTRICT, MUARO JAMBI REGENCY
•
The compound size COVERS AN AREA OF 12 SQUARE KILOMETRES WITH MORE THAN SEVEN KILOMETRES IN LENGTH, STRETCHING ALONG THE RIVER BANK. IT IS ESTIMATED TO BE 12 TIMES LARGER THAN BOROBUDUR COMPOUND, AND TWICE THAN ANGKOR WAT COMPOUND IN CAMBODIA.
•
The record shows that there are 11 MAIN TEMPLES FOUND IN THE COMPOUND, some
SAMBISARI TEMPLE
of which had been restored. THE RESTORED TEMPLES ARE GUMPUNG, TINGGI, TINGGI
•
The temple is situated at the north of Yogyakarta-
I, GEDONG, GEDONG I AND II, KEDATON,
Solo main road about 12 KILOMETRES EAST
KOTO MAHLIGAI, ASTANO, TELUK I AND
OF YOGYAKARTA CITY.
II, BUKIT SENGALO AND KEMBAR BATU.
It is estimated built on 812-838 CE when Hindu
IT IS BELIEVED THAT THERE ARE STILL 82
Mataram or Ancient Mataram Kingdom ruled by
UNEARTHED TEMPLES IN THE COMPOUND.
King Rakai Garung from Syailendra Dynasty. •
Sambisari is a unique temple because LOCATED ON 6.5 METRES BENEATH EARTH SURFACE. Thus it is also known as underground temple. However experts predict that it was initially above the earth level like many other temples. But the region was COVERED BY VOLCANIC MATERIALS DUE TO MOUNT MERAPI ERUPTION ON 1006 AD
Source : www.indonesia.travel/id
74 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
•
STANDING THROUGH THE TEST OF TIME Indonesia has been known as a nation rich of spices, that many other nations had been attracted to come and explore its resources since the 16th century. For several reasons foreigners like Portuguese, Dutch, and English made their effort to defend their position and monopoly trade in the country by developing their territories and forts.
TROPICAL ART-DECO BANDUNG
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
75
U
ntil today, Bandung is still home to
FORTS
D
espite mentioned in the history that 459 forts were built in Indonesia, only 275 forts have been identified. Those historical buildings were scattered across Indonesia, from its large islands to the smallest ones, with various physical
conditions. Now the forts have been standing throughout Indonesian history. Some forts such as Fort Vredeburg in Yogyakarta, Fort Rotterdam in Makassar of South Celebes, and Fort Marlborough in Bengkulu are still standing tall in excellent physical condition, serving as important city landmark. The forts in Indonesia served not only as protection from enemy, but also as a place for trade activities. Therefore, the architecture combined military architecture with rooms for traders from office, warehouse, place of worship, hospital, to soldier barrack. The forts resemble a complex or a small town consisting of various facilities for the community living in the forts. Generally, the forts were situated along the coast near harbor, or along river banks.
several best examples of Tropical Art-deco architecture in the world.
These buildings in European architectural style were built in the 1920s, when the Dutch government was gradually moving its capital to Bandung. During that time, many wealthy Dutch people lived in Bandung, thus the city was named “Parijs van Java”—Paris of Java. The most famous building with deco architecture is Gedung Sate, the building which now become West Java Governor’s office. This glamorous building with antenna similar to satay combined a neo-classic style with indigenous elements, creating elegance and unique combination of West and East ambiance.
K
eraton or kraton in Javanese means palace. One of the famous keraton is Keraton Ngayogyakarta
Hadiningrat or Yogyakarta Palace. Until today the palace has well preserved physical building, function, tradition, and social system. Physically, the palace of Sultan Yogya consists of seven main complexes, namely Siti Hinggil Ler (North Hall), Kamandhungan Ler (North Kamandhungan) Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, kamandhungan Kidul (South Kamandhungan) and Siti Hinggil Kidul (South Hall).
76
LUBANG JEPANG, BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATERA
L
ubang Jepang (literally means Japanese Hole) is a tunnel (bunker) for shelter, built by
Japanese army for defense, during Japanese occupation of Indonesia, around the year 1942. There are 21
LAWANG SEWU
L
awang Sewu in Javanese means One Thousand Doors; while actually it only has 429. However, it has
1200 door leaves in either two hinges or two sliding door leaves.
tunnels in 1470 meters length, built by Romusha (forced laborers) who were sent from BORNEO and CELEBES. Some rooms in the tunnel were functioned as military room, torture chamber, ammunition storage room, and detention room.
Source : www.indonesia.travel/id
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
KERATON NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT
TRIBUTES TO THE LATE AND ETERNAL SOULS For some of us death is a sacred event that needs special ceremony to honor it. In Indonesia, some rituals of death are still preserved in its people’s culture up to this moment:
CEMETERY IN TRUNYAN VILLAGE,
T
KINTAMANI, BALI
runyan is the name of a village situated at the edge of Batur Lake, Kintamani, Bali. When a villager
died, the corpse would not be burried on the ground, instead, it would be laid to rest on a large stone which has 7 concaved surfaces. The dead body of the deceased will only be covered by rudimentary bamboo cages. Strangely,
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
77
despite the absence of embalmment, the corpse would not cause stench. The explanation on why the corpse which is only laid on the ground do not spread stench although it is naturally decomposing lies on a tree called Taru
When a Trunyan villager dies naturally,
Menyan. Taru Menyan trees produce
the corpse would be covered in white
scent that could neutralize the unpleasant
cloth. Moreover, a funeral ceremony
odor from the dead body. Taru means
would be held for the deceased, and
tree, and Menyan means pleasant smell,
the corpse would be laid on the ground,
“NGABEN”, BALINESE CREMATION
it only grows in this village. Therefore, the
under a big Taru Menyan tree in an area
CEREMONY
tree Taru Menyan, which is later more
named Sema Wayah.
popular as Trunyan, is believed as the
If someone died of unnatural causes
origin of the village’s name.
such as accident, suicide, or murder, the corpse would be laid in a different
N
Their tradition arranged that the area of
area named Sema Bantas. While
this ceremony is to send back the spirit
cemetery for the deceased villager would
for babies and children as well as
of the ancestors (deceased people) to
differ in accordance to the cause of death
unmarried adult, the deceased would be
its origin. The ritual is usually performed
or their marital status.
laid in Sema Muda.
festively without mourning.
gaben is a ceremony of incineration of corpse or cremation carried out by Hindu
people in Bali, Indonesia. The essence of
BATU LEMO, TANA TORAJA
L
ies in the village of Batu Lemo, Tana Toraja, is a graveyard on the face of a rock-cliff. The graves
have been there since the 16th century. There are 75 holes on the rock cliff, some of which with wooden statues called tau tau displayed on balconies carved into the cliffs. The statues are symbols of social nobles. On the side of the cliff is a hill with deep cave. Wooden coffins are arranged in groups based on family lines. ASMAT TRIBE MUMMIFICATION
CEMETARY OF DAYAK BENUAQ,
T
EAST BORNEO
he Benuaq or Bentian burry the
KAMBIRA TANA TORAJA BABY CEMETARY
body of a deceased person in a
As for deceased babies, the bodies are
carved wooden coffin-like container
embalmed and covered in cloth for later
A
smat tribe of Papua has a custom of body mummification, They usually perform the mummification
for the chief of tribe or war commander.
which is fixed on top of a wooden post or
be put in holes on big trees. The holes
Bodies are mummified using traditional
hung on ropes. After a few years they will
would then be covered by woven palm
ingredients to honor traditional heritage
open the grave and exhume the bones to
fiber. The Torajans consider the ritual as
and religion. Currently we can find three
eventually bless them and put them in a
similar with returning the babies back to
mummies in Papua; Aikima mummy in
container fixed on permanent posts.
their mothers wombs. The place of the
Aikima, Jiwika mummy in Jiwika, and
hole on the tree defines social strata of the
Purno Mummy in Asologaima. The three
family. The higher the hole, the higher the
mummies are in Wamena.
social status is.
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
78
status and role when they lived as local
INDONESIA CYBER WAVESCAPE 2,3%
Currently Indonesian 40% (24.2 MILLION PERSONS)
mobile internet consumers
of Indonesian internet users spend
reach
more than 3 HOURS ONLINE
58
MILLION PERSONS
PER DAY.
OF WORLD’S INTERNET USER IS INDONESIAN
An estimation by Indonesia Internet Service Provider Association (APJII), Indonesia internet user:
2012 = 63 MILLION USERS 2013 = 82 MILLION USERS
2014 = 107 MILLION USERS 2015 = 139 MILLION USERS
OR 50% OF INDONESIAN TOTAL POPULATION
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
79
3 OF 10 NETIZENS claimed to replace their mobile phones
1 OF 10 NETIZENS claimed to replace their laptops or netbooks
in the past year
in the past year
Majority of Indonesian internet users are youth of
15-35
YEARS OF AGE
63.95% OF 63 MILLION USERS have Facebook and Twitter accounts
INDONESIA INTERNET USER IS DOMINATED BY MIDDLE-CLASS SOCIETY. Majority of Indonesian internet users own motor vehicle. • 88.6% have motorcycles • 17.4% have cars • 16.8% have both
6 OF 10 INTERNET USERS visit social network every month
ON-LINE CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY
D
id you know that in Indonesia, communication and internet have become parts of people’s primary need? A study conducted by a magazine stated that phone credit and internet connection cost have become a spending more significant than food, beverages, transportation, body care, and health expenditure.
NETIZEN ARE
BARGAIN HUNTER
Majority of Indonesian netizen is BARGAIN HUNTER. When they are about to do a purchase, they tend to collect as many information as possible about the product in
80
order to avail themselves with the
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
56.4%
best product.
ONLINE SHOPPING • 3.7 MILLION NETIZENS buy/sell online using various exitsting platforms from Facebook, e-Commerce site, Classified Ads forum, BlackBerry Group, Blog, to Twitter. • BANK TRANSFER is the most favorite payment method in online shopping. • Only 3.9% online shopper pay with CREDIT CARDS. • Products bought online by netizens are dominated by FASHION, APPAREL, and ACCESSORIES. • Average Budget for netizens’ online shopping is around US$ 14. • Women: APPAREL, ACCESSORIES, BAGS. • MEN: TICKETS, BOOKS, ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS SUCH AS HANDPHONE, COMPUTER, OR LAPTOP.
Sources: Mark Plus Insight Netizen Survey 2012, Nielsen, Markplus, APJII, Renstra Ditjen IKP 2011-2014 Kominfo
THE DYNAMICS OF INDONESIA’S CURRENT MASS MEDIA Irrespective of a lower income per capita of average Indonesian, each citizen has at least one cellular phone toppled with the growing number of social and modern media, the country has a wealth of media spanning from big cities to rural villages
MAGAZINES INTERNET
24%
13%
NEWSPAPERS
INDONESIA, PELANGI DUNIA
81
CELLULAR PHONE
104%
25%
RADIO
47%
SMARTPHONE
67%
MEDIA PENETRATION IN INDONESIA
TELEVISION
95%
NUMBER OF PRINT MEDIA PUBLIC TV
1
NUMBER OF TV STATIONS
PRIVATE TV STATION
10
DAILY NEWSPAPER
LOCAL TV STATION
415
300++
MAGAZINE
495
TABLOID
257
IF HUMAN EYES COULD SEE THE FREQ UENCY WAVES, COULD YOU IMAGINE HOW INDONESIAN SK Y WOULD LOOK LIKE? RADIO
1465 PRINT MEDIA
737
TELEVISION
218
ONLINE MEDIA
69
INDONESIA INDONESIA, THE UNTOLD PELANGI STORIES DUNIA
82
BANGKA AND BELITUNG’S TIN ON WORLD’S PHONES INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
83
T
he world’s top electronic cellular brands will not exist without Bangka and Belitung’s tins. These are islands located in the western Indonesia and contributes to one third of the world’s tin supplies.
Indonesian Tin Exchange specialized in transaction of export tin ingots defines the world’s tin price. Tin ingots trade through exchange mechanism could prevent practice of “under invoice”, increase reception of royalty, prevent illegal tin trade, and increase Indonesia’s competitiveness. The principle of exchange trade is free and fair trade where seller and buyer are free to carry out any transaction without any restrictions.
WORLD’S LARGEST TIN EXPORT,
100,876 TONS in 2012.
WORLD’S TIN PRODUCER (2012)
INDONESIA 52,300 METRIC TONS 26% of world production
800 kilo tons of
TIN RESERVES, or
16.6%
of the world’s reserves of
4.8 MILLION TONS
MALAYSIA 37,800 METRIC TONS PERU 25,400 METRIC TONS
is the world’s
3rd
largest TIN company.
THAILAND 22,900 METRIC TONS Sources: US Geological Survey, PT Timah Tbk.
84 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
CHINA 152,000 METRIC TONS
INDONESIA: A TREASURE ISLAND INDONESIA HOLDS HUGE UNDER GROUND MINERALS AND PRECIOUS COMMODITIES DEPOSITS. GOLD, COPPER, COALS, OILS, GAS, DIAMONDS, AND PRECIOUS MINERALS ARE FOUND ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
COAL
INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
85
Indonesia is the world’s
Indonesia’s coal reserves is only
0.5 %
of world’s reserves yet it
6th largest producer with 246
is the world’s
million tons production.
2nd largest exporter with 203 million tons of export. On the first position is Australia (252 million tons). China, as the world’s largest coal producer only sits on the 7th position of world’s coal exporter (47 million tons).
13th
8th
World’s country with largest natural gas
2
nd
World’s largest natural gas producer country
reserves of as much as
92.9
World’s largest LNG exporter country of as much as
with
TCF
7.2 TCF
production.
18th
World’s natural gas consumer with
3.8
BCF/day of consumption.
29.6 BCF
Indonesia is the
is Grasberg Mine (Freeport) in Papua.
with
2nd
largest copper producer
COPPER
10.4% of
world production and
Indonesia has the world’s
8th largest nickel reserves with 2.9% of world’s nickel reserves.
the world’s
NICKEL
It is the It has
7
th
the world’s largest gold potential.
world’s
6th
largest gold producer with
6.7%
of world production
7th largest contribution to the world’s copper reserves with
4.1%
4th nickel producer with 8.6% of It is also the world’s world production.
86 INDONESIA THE UNTOLD STORIES
GOLD
The world’s largest gold mine
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION SOURCES PAGE
PHOTO/ PICTURE
DATE & DOWNLOAD TIME
AUTHOR
LINK
6
INDONESIAN MAP ILLUSTRATION
20140507 10.44
Wikipedia: Indigo
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:EnsiklopediaIndonesia.jpg
9
BACHRUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE
20140507 13.30
Office of the Vice President The Republic of Indonesia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacharuddin_ Jusuf_Habibie_official_portrait.jpg
11
SOSROBAHU TECHNIQUE
20140507 13.45
Jafkhairi
http://download.antarafoto.com/search-result/ dom-1398239101
11
TWO CREW COCKPIT DESIGN
20140507 14.00
Ministry of Transportation
http://m.dephub.go.id/read/berita/direktoratjenderal-perhubungan-udara/persyaratan-pilotasing-oleh-maspakai-penerbangan-nasionaldiperketat-15880
12
THE GUERRILLA WAR TECHNIQUE
20140507 14.30
Punt / Anefo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abdul_Harris_ Nasution.jpg
14
PULAU R(H)UN
20140507 14.45
Lencer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banda_Islands_ en.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_ Columbus.PNG http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/ collection_database/european_paintings/portrait_ of_a_man_said_to_be_christopher_columbus_ sebastiano_del_piombo_sebastiano_luciani/ objectview.aspx?page=1&sort=6&sortdir=asc&key word=Piombo&fp=1&dd1=11&dd2=0&vw=0&collID =11&OID=110002098&vT=1&hi=0&ov=0
16
COLOMBUS
20140507 15.00
Sebastiono del Piombo
16
NUTMEG
20140507 15.30
Brocken Inaglory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nutmeg_Zanz41. JPG
20140507 16.05
A promotional photo of Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster, using Jack Pierce's makeup design, Universal Studios
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frankenstein%27s_ monster_%28Boris_Karloff%29.jpg
17
FRANKENSTEIN
17
TAMBORA MOUNTAIN
20140508 17.03
Jialiang Gao (peaceon-earth.org)
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Caldera_Mt_ Tambora_Sumbawa_Indonesia.jpg
18
THOMAS JEFFERSON
20140508 12.14
Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_ Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale_1805_cropped.jpg
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:JacquesLouis_David_017.jpg
18
NAPOLEON
20140508 12.14
The York Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVDROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH
18
DRAISINE
20140508 11.34
Wilhelm Siegrist (1797-1843)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Draisine1817.jpg
18
SUMBAWA THOPOGRAPY
20140508 11.59
Sadalmelik
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sumbawa_ Topography.png http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Krakatoa_ eruption_lithograph.jpg
19
GUNUNG KRAKATAU
20140509 14.27
Lithograph: Parker & Coward, Britain; Original uploader was Twinsday at en.wikipedia
20
WEDHUS GEMBEL
20140508, 11.22
A. Lesto P. Kusumo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merapi_ pyroclastic_flows.jpg
23
DANAU TOBA
Barry Kusuma
http://indonesia.travel/en/destination/48/theincredible-lake-toba/article/27/lake-toba-history-ofa-volcanic-mega-explosion-and-its-legend
25
TROWULAN TEMPLE
20140507 17.05
Gunawan Kartapranata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bajang_Ratu_ Gate_Trowulan.jpg
28
AUSTRALIA CONTINENT ILLUSTRATION
20140508 16.50
Hans Braxmeier
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Reliefmap_of_ Australia.png
31
INDONESIAN HERBS
20140509 17:50
heydrienne
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/0/03/Spices_22078028.jpg
33
PURWACENG
20140508 16.30
http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/wp-content/ Ministry of Agriculture uploads/2013/12/perkebunan_PurwocengPipru-05. jpg
34
PASAK BUMI
20140508 17.29
Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain
http://sungaiwain.org/wp-content/ uploads/2012/10/pasak-bumi.jpg
34
MADURESE CONCOCTION
20140508 11.03
Miansari66
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Garam_Masala. JPG
35
A GLASS OF COFFEE
20140508 12.46
Indonesia.travel
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/IMG_1293%20Kopi%20O,%20 Warung%20Kopi%20Legendaris%20Tung%20Tau. JPG
35
LUWAK
20140508 08.58
Leendertz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luwak-Katze_in_ Kepahiang.jpg?setlang=id
35
LUWAK COFFEE
20140508 12.55
HaztechGuy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indonesian_ farmer_shows_coffee_beans_already_digested_ by_Asian_Palm_Civet,_but_before_cleaning_and_ roasting.jpg
37
PEPPER
20131014 15.52
http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/tanregar/berita226-meningkatkan-kemitraan-dan-penguatankelembagaan-untuk-mensejahterakanpetani--lada. html
37
TEA
20131014 13.11
http://balittri.litbang.deptan.go.id/eng/index.php/ component/content/article/26-news/42-the-fourdifferent-types-of-tea
37
JATROPHA CURCAS
20131014 12.11
http://cybex.deptan.go.id/category/bidang/ perkebunan/tanaman-tahunan/jarak-pagar
37
CLOVE
20131014 18.45
deptan.go.id
37
CASHEW
20131014 14.25
http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/?p=4360
37
SUGAR-CANE
20131014 04.31
http://perkebunan.litbang.deptan.go.id/?page_ id=3755
37
COTTON
20131014 18.55
http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/perlindungan/berita189-musim-hujan-datang--penyakit-antraknosadan-bercak-daun-kapasmengancam.html
37
TOBACCO
20130514 05.59
http://cybex.deptan.go.id/lokalita/pelatihanbudidaya-tembakau-ram-0
37
SUNAN PECAN
20130514 15.41
http://cybex.deptan.go.id/penyuluhan/pembukaanlahan-dan-penanaman-kemiri-sunan
37
PATCHOULI
20131014 19.55
http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/perlindungan/berita194-layu-bakteri-yang-merugikan-tanaman-nilam. html
39
RAFFLESIA ARNOLDI
Kemparekraf
39
ORCHID
Kemparekraf
41
KOMODO
Kemparekraf
43
LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE
Fiqman Sunandar
ANTARA FOTO
LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE
ANTARA FOTO
44
COELACANTH
20140508 12.08
Qwertzy2
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ ff/Latimeria_menadoensis.jpg --- http://opencage. info/pics/Latimeria_menadoensis.asp disclaimer: to share & to remix per 07052014
44
AROWANA
201405 09.13
Marcel Burkhard alias cele4
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ b4/Arowana.jpg
45
TARSIUS PRIMATE
20131014 19.55
45
SUNBEAR
20140508 18.21
46
BUTTERFLY
46
JAVAN RHINOCERUS
20140508 13.15
46
JAVAN RHINOCERUS
20140508 17.14
46
BIRD OF PARADISE
20140508 18.12
47
43
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tarsius_tarsier_ Tandurusa_zoo.JPG Ryan Poplin
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ a0/Sun_Bear_7.jpg wikimedia commons. Disclaimer: to share and to remix
Yusran Uccang
ANTARA FOTO
http://www. rhinoconservation.org
http://indonesia.travel/en/news/detail/778/ sumatran-baby-rhino-expected-to-be-born-in-theway-kambas-national-park http://ppid.dephut.go.id/photos/news/ratubadak1. jpg
Herry Wijayanto
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/cendrawasih%20by%20herry%20 wijanto.jpg
GARUDA CONTINGENT
Istimewa
Penerangan Konga XXIII-H dan G/UNIFIL
47
SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO UN
Istimewa
Ani Yudhoyono
48
SOEKARNO
Setkab
48
SOEHARTO
Setkab
48
ABDURAHMAN WAHID
Setkab
48
MEGAWATI
Setkab
49
JAVAHARLAL NEHRU
53
BENGAWAN SOLO RIVER
54
BENGAWAN SOLO PAINTING
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-61849-0001 / CC-BY-SA
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bengawan_ Solo_in_Solo.JPG
20131014 19.55
20101014 19.55
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/d/d7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-618490001%2C_Indien%2C_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_ Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_Nehru_cropped.jpg
Abraham Salm (Schilder)
Nederlands: Litho. Litho naar een oorspronkelijk schilderij van A. Salm.. De rivier de Solo Link: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ c1/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_rivier_de_ Solo_TMnr_3728-417.jpg
EIFFEL TOWER
20140508 16.10
55
CANADIAN FLAG
20131014 19.55
55
GAMELAN
Tony
Kemparekraf
56
KARINDING
Agus Bebeng
ANTARA FOTO
56
ANGKLUNG
Marshal
Kemparekraf
56
SASANDO
Bambang Widjanarko
Kemparekraf
56
KOLINTANG
Jessica Helena Wuysang
ANTARA FOTO
57
PENCAK SILAT
Maril Gafur
http://download.antarafoto.com/search-result/ dom-1399265701
59
CIMANDE VILLAGE
60
PADEPOKAN PENCAK SILAT
60
PENCAK SILAT COMPETITION
60
POSTER THE RAID
20140507 16.15
61
STONE JUMPING NIAS
20140508 14.12
Fanny Octavianus
http://www.antarafoto.com/peristiwa/ v1252159004/lompat-batu
62
REOG
20140508 12.56
Sapto Budiarso
http://www.indonesia.travel/en/news/detail/723/ tall-ship-dewaruci-reaches-miami-harbor-u-s-arendezvous-with-indonesian-community
63
ANI YUDHOYONO
20140508 13.30
Anung
http://www.presidenri.go.id/ibunegara/index.php/ galeri/album/thumb/detail/129/602/
63
NELSON MANDELA
20140508 12.41
South Africa the Good News
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/1/14/Nelson_Mandela2008_%28edit%29.jpg
64
WOVEN FABRIC
20140508 08.39
Kemparekraf
65
KOTEKA
20140508 19.56
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koteka#mediaviewer/ Plik:Koteka.jpg
65
PUNCAK JAYA ( PIRAMID CARTENZ)
20140508 12.26
http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/501/ carstensz-pyramid
66
BADUI TRIBE
20140507 10.31
20140506 16.05
Brian Bibbets
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/ da/MG_8998.jpg Free License
55
http://www.pch.gc.ca/ eng/1363356053583/1363342021822
http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/ fimages/Kampung_Pulo.JPG 20140508 12.05
Gunawan Kartapranata
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ be/Padepokan_Pencak_Silat_Gate.jpg www.kemlu.go.id/brussels/picture/pencak.jpg http://www.indonesia.travel/id/news/detail/681/ memajukan-film-indonesia
Hafidzh Mubarak
http://www.antaranews.com/berita/409154/wargabaduy-inspirasikan-praktik-kearifan-lokal
66
TENGGER TRIBE
20140508 12.51
Musyawir
http://www.antarafoto.com/spektrum/ v1307689826/suku-tengger
66
BAJOE TRIBE
20140508 14.52
Sahrul Manda Tikupadang
http://www.antarafoto.com/peristiwa/ v1321101007/suku-bajo
66
DANI TRIBE
20140508 15.27
http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/427/ baliem-valley-festival
67
GADANG TRADITIONAL HOUSE
20140507 15.29
http://www.indonesia.travel/id/news/detail/766/ menggapai-finish-di-rumah-gadang-termegah-disumatera-barat
68
OMO HADA TRADITIONAL HOUSE
20140508 15.43
Monica Renata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Omo_Sebua,_ South_Nias,_Indonesia.jpg
68
LAHEIK TRADITIONAL HOUSE
20140509 15.59
Tropenmuseum of the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_ TROPENMUSEUM_De_controleurswoning_ van_H.H._Morison_en_P.A._Morison-Noordermeer_ in_Kerintji_TMnr_60048866.jpg
68
WOLOAN TRADITIONAL HOUSE
Ismar Patrizki
ANTARA FOTO
68
JOGLO TRADITIONAL HOUSE
Directorate General of Indonesian Culture
http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/1016/ rumah-adat-joglo http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Paddy%20Fields,%20Pupuan,%20 BALI,%20PHOTO%20BY%20EFENDY%20BONG. jpg
69
TRI HITA KARANA
20140508 10.22
70
TALLASA KAMASE MASE
70
PELA GADONG
20140508 08.37
Lencer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MOLUCCAS_ Islands_en.png
70
WARTEG
20140507 08.42
Veriyanta Kusuma
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Food_at_ Warung_Tegal.jpg
71
BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
72
SUKUH TEMPLE
73
MOUNT PADANG SITE
http://v-images2.antarafoto.com/g-pr/1247116603/ tenun-kajang-03.jpg
Kemparekraf 20140507 10.38
Merbabu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candi_ Sukuh_2007.JPG (By: Merbabu) http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/destinasi/ userfiles/image/buat%20artikel%20copy.jpg
20140507 11.44
Kembangraps
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/8/8c/Ceto_tampak_depan.jpg (By: Kembangraps)
73
CETHO TEMPLE
73
MUARO JAMBI TEMPLE
74
SAMBISARI TEMPLE
74
ROTTERDAM FORT
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/fort%20rotterdam3.jpg
75
GEDUNG SATE
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/1_bandung_gedungsate.jpg
75
KRATON NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Keraton%20Yogya%202.jpg
76
LUBANG JEPANG
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Lampu%20menerangi%20Lobang%20 Jepang%20Bukittinggi.jpg
76
LAWANG SEWU
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/lawangsewu2.jpg
76
NGABEN
77
CEMETERY IN TRUNYAN
77
CEMETARY OF DAYAK BENUAQ
20140508 19.47
78
BATU LEMO, TANA TORAJA
20140508 15.33
http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Toraja-07.jpg
78
ASMAT TRIBE MUMMIFICATION
20140508 12.41
http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/471/thewamena-highlands
78
Batu Lemo-Tana Toraja
20140508 15.33
http://www.indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/Toraja-07.jpg
78
Mumi Suku Asmat
20140508 12.41
http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/471/thewamena-highlands
http://indonesia.travel/public/media/images/ upload/poi/_MG_2201%20Candi%20Gedong%20 II.jpg 20140507 10.27
Crisco 1492
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/5/53/Sambisari_Panorama_%2829_ December_2013%29.jpg (By: Crisco 1492)
Agus Kustiwa 20140508 18.43
Yusuf IJsseldijk
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/7/71/Human_skulls%2C_Trunyan%2C_ Lake_Batur%2C_Bali.jpg
Tropenmuseum
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/4/41/COLLECTIE_ TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Benua_Dajak_ kamponghoofd_%28petinggi%29_van_Tanjongjan_ Borneo_TMnr_10001683.jpg