Discover Polska 2017 by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland

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Ministry

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Republic of Poland

Discover Polska 2017 1

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All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

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Poland is at the very heart of Europe. It is a stable democracy with one of the most dynamic economies on the continent. It has been said that theÂ 21st century will be the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;New Golden Ageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for Poland. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Key information

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Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland Area

Population

312,679 km 1

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Capital city

Climate

Warsaw

Poland lies on the European Plain, by some measurements in the very centre of Europe. The Baltic Sea in the north and the Sudetes and Carpathian mountain ranges in the south form natural borders. Seven countries share land borders with Poland: Belarus, the Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Polandโ s location at the heart of Europe between major powers has had a profound effect on its culture and history, and the country is now benefiting as a crossroads of Europe.

38.4 million

GDP in 2016 (nominal, current dollars)

$469 billion

moderate

GDP in 2016 (purchasing power parity)

$1055 billion

Political system

parliamentary democracy

LT BY

CZ SK

Member of

UN, EU, NATO, WTO, OECD Visegrad Group, Weimar Triangle Border countries:

Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Russia All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

National symbols

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Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland Official name

The Republic of Poland 1

The country, officially called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Republic of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, is in Central Europe. In Polish its name is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Polskaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. With an area of 312,679 km2, Poland is the 69th largest country in the world and the 8th largest in Europe. With a population of more than 38.4 million, it is the 37th most populous country in the world and the 6th most populous member of the European Union.

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National flag

National emblem

National currency

white and red

the white eagle

Polish zĹ&#x201A;oty (PLN)

National phone code

National Internet suffix

National road traffic code

+48

.pl

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

The Polish language

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

The Polish alphabet, which has 32 characters,

Republic of Poland a favourite tongue twister

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W Szczebrzeszynie chrzÄ&#x2026;szcz brzmi wÂ trzcinie i Szczebrzeszyn z tego sĹ&#x201A;ynie.

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does not include the Latin letters Q, V and X.

Eng: In Szczebrzeszyn a beetle buzzes in the reed, for which Szczebrzeszyn is famous.

Polish is a part of the West Slavic language group, which includes Czech and Slovak and is part ofÂ the Indo-European language group. ItÂ is estimated that Polish is a native language for some 44Â million people worldwide. Polish is known for a frequent occurrence of long consonant clusters which can prove problematic for foreigners.

Ä&#x201E;Ä&#x2026; Bb

Ä&#x2020;Ä&#x2021; Dd Ee

Ä&#x2DC;Ä&#x2122;

Gg Hh

Ĺ Ĺ&#x201A;

Mm Nn Ĺ&#x192;Ĺ&#x201E; Oo Ă&#x201C;o Pp

Tt Uu Ww Yy

ĹšĹş

ĹťĹź

Ĺ&#x161;Ĺ&#x203A;

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Main cities in Poland

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland has several large cities, forming the economic backbone of the country. They are a diverse set with varying histories, but all offer a wide array of business opportunities and cultural activities.

Cities populations as of October 2017

Republic of Poland

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Warsaw

Cracow

Ĺ ĂłdĹş

WrocĹ&#x201A;aw

PoznaĹ&#x201E;

GdaĹ&#x201E;sk

Katowice

city population: 1,753,000 (3.2 m people in the whole agglomeration)

city population: 765,000 (2.1 m people in the whole agglomeration)

city population: 696,000 (1.1 m people in the whole agglomeration)

city population: 637,000 (1.2 m people in the whole agglomeration)

city population: 540,000 (1.1 m people in the whole agglomeration)

city population: 463,000 (1.2 m peopleÂ in the whole Tri-City conurbation)

city population: 298,000 (2.8 m people in the whole Silesia conurbation)

Capital of Poland from 1038 to 1569. Considered the cultural capital of Poland, it is famous for its historic sites, including Wawel Castle.

Located in central Poland. Mostly known for textile production in the 19th century. Now famous for its film school and its 150 years old industrial architecture.

Located in southwestern Poland, at various times the city has been part of Poland, Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, Prussia, and Germany.

Located in westcentral Poland, it lies close to the country's first capital. Poland's first rulers are buried there. The city is known for the oldest fairs in Poland.

Home of Poland's shipbuilding industry and the birthplace of the SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; movement. Lies on the coast of the Baltic Sea. It is also the main city of the Tri-City conurbation.

Poland's southern industrial hub, historically known for coal mining. Katowice is the main city of the Silesia conurbation which consist of 14 cities of the region.

Poland's capital city, and its most important business and economic centre. Almost entirely destroyed during WWII and rebuilt over the second half of the 20th century.

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Ministry Republic of Poland

Visiting Poland for pleasure 91% 52%

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

In 2016 the number of tourists visiting Poland grew by 4.5% (y/y) to reach

In 2016 tourists visiting Poland spent close to

17.4 million people

$8 bn

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which was equal to $458 per person.

of foreign tourists said that they would like to come back to Poland in the future. (as of 2016)

of foreign tourists said that their trip to Poland was better than their trips to other destinations. (as of 2016)

The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork

BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa Forest

77% of foreign tourists associate Poland with rich heritage and historical depth. (as of 2016)

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s UNESCO World Heritage sites Poland has something to offer for every visitor. Nature lovers can enjoy miles of seaside, rugged mountains, clear lakes and flowing rivers. History buffs can tour churches that are hundreds of years old and castles that played a key role in shaping European history. Those interested in culture can get their fill of museums, monuments and architecture. No wonder an increasing number of tourists visit Poland each year.

- Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork - Centennial Hall in WrocĹ&#x201A;aw - Churches of Peace in Jawor and Ĺ&#x161;widnica - Historic Centre of KrakĂłw - Historic Centre of Warsaw - Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park - Medieval Town of ToruĹ&#x201E; - Muskauer Park / Park MuĹźakowski - Old City of ZamoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; - Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines - Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region - Wooden Churches of Southern MaĹ&#x201A;opolska - BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa Forest - Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp - Tarnowskie GĂłry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its underground water management system

The red-brick castle was the seat of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the largest fortress in medieval Europe.

Last part of the primeval forest which long time ago covered the whole continent. Now home to the European bison, one of the symbols of Poland.

Wieliczka Salt Mine The oldest active salt mine in the world. In the mine there is an underground post office, a restaurant and aÂ cinema, as well as a health resort in which allergies and asthma are treated.

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Visiting Poland for business

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

38.4 million

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population makes it the largest market in the region. Domestic demand C0 M100 Y100 K5risen 2steadily Black 80% has since Pantone 485 C Pantone 425 C R186 G0 B31 Web R102 G102 B102 the fall of communism. Web R204 G0 B51 71

Foreign direct investment into Poland â&#x201A;Ź15.6bn Poland is a highly attractive location for investment and business expansion. According to a report by EY, Poland is the fifth most attractive country for foreign direct investment in Europe. Highlighting Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stable macroeconomic situation, the report mentions the availability of well-qualified and productive employees as a key strength, as well as its business-friendly climate and transparent tax and legal systems.

Poland placed 45th out of 180 countries listed in the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;2017 Index of Economic Freedomâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ranking by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. Poland's place in the ranking is higher than such competitors for investment as BelgiumÂ (49th), Hungary (56th), Slovakia (57th), Turkey (60th), Spain (69th), France (72nd), PortugalÂ (77th), Italy (79th) and Slovenia (97th).

By 2017 Poland ranked 27th out of 190 countries in the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ease of Doing Businessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; enquiry by the World Bank.

97%

of foreign investors in Poland would choose the country as a place to invest in again. (as of December 2016)

â&#x201A;Ź17.2bn

Poland's place in the rankingÂ was higher than such competitors for investment as Spain (28th), Portugal (29th), CzechÂ RepublicÂ (30th), FranceÂ (31st), NetherlandsÂ (32nd), SwitzerlandÂ (33rd), Japan (34th) Slovenia (37th), SlovakiaÂ (39th), Romania (45th), Italy (46th), HungaryÂ (48th), BelgiumÂ (52nd), Israel (54th) and Turkey (60th).

â&#x201A;Ź14.8bn

â&#x201A;Ź10.3bn

â&#x201A;Ź10.1bn â&#x201A;Ź8.3bn

â&#x201A;Ź12.1bn

â&#x201A;Ź12.5bn

2015

2016

â&#x201A;Ź10.7bn

â&#x201A;Ź10.5bn â&#x201A;Ź9.3bn

â&#x201A;Ź4.7bn â&#x201A;Ź2bn

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

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BASIC FACTS ABOUT POLAND

New symbol of Warsaw

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Republic of Poland

The recently built National Stadium in Warsaw instantly became the symbol of new, dynamic Poland. It is not only theÂ biggest construction in theÂ country, but it also replaced aÂ ruined stadium, that had initially been built at the same site in 1955 to commemorate 10Â years of communism in Poland. TheÂ official opening ceremony of the new National Stadium took place on the 29th January 2012 and since then, the building hosted all sorts of events: from football and volleyball matches, concerts and fairs to even windsurfing competitions. TheÂ building is also a big conference centre and offersÂ aÂ fair amount of offices to lease. Among other conferences, it hosted the Nato Summit in July 2016.

Republic of Poland

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The National Stadium in Warsaw

The biggest construction in Poland by cubic capacity.

Construction lasted between 2008 and 2011

58,145 seats Total surface:

203,920 m2 of which 130,829 m2 is underground

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

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Poland is the largest market in Central Europe and is classified by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s financial system employs the same open market practices as the rest of the EU, but has managed to avoid some of the pitfalls which led other member states into recession during the recent global financial crisis. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Economic overview

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Gross Domestic Product

nominal (current prices):

purchasing power parity (current prices):

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biggest economy in Central Europe 8th largest in the EU by nominal GDP value 6th largest in the EU by PPP GDP value

$1,055 bn

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per capita: $27,810

International ratings for long-term debt in foreign currency (as of December 2017):

A- BBB+ A2 Following a period of more than 20 years of constant economic growth, a unique achievement, Poland is recognized as aÂ high-income economy by theÂ WorldÂ Bank and the OECD with nominal GDP per capita having risen to $12,372. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, Poland has refashioned itself as a model for free-market economics. ItÂ isÂ the largest economy inÂ Central Europe, the 6th largest in the EU and, depending on the measurement, 20th to 25th largest in the world.

Fitch

per capita: $12,372

$228 bn

2004 GDP per capita (PPP) in relation to EU average (28 countries):

per capita: $5,995

$64 bn per capita: $1,698

2016

Moodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Long-term growth projections conclude that Poland will continue to grow faster than Western Europe and thus continue to converge at least until 2030. This would allow it to reach relative income levels of some 80% of the EU-15 average income by 2030.

$469 bn

1990

S&P

1990

2016

2016 GDP per capita (PPP) in relation to EU average (28 countries):

49% 69%

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Economic growth

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Republic of Poland

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Thanks to the free float of Poland's national currency, the country was able to cushion the dramatic effects of global economic collapse after 2008. The purchasing power (PPP) of Black 80%Poland's gross domestic product steadily rises Pantone 425 C Web R102 G102 B102 year after year despite its nominal current 71 value in USD floating up and down.

Total GDP (PPP) in 2016 in current prices:

$1,055 bn

Beginning of the global crisis:

Total GDP (PPP) in 1998 in current prices:

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s GDP per capita has rocketed since 1989; more than two decades of uninterrupted growth has made the country aÂ star performer amongst all transition economies. Poland was the only economy in Europe to avoid a recession during the global crisis, benefiting from a depreciated real exchange rate, large domestic market, relatively low exposure to international trade, low household and corporate-sector debt leverage and stimulative fiscal and monetary policy.

In 2016 Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s GDP was 51% higher than at the beginning of the global financial crisis, a peerless performance among all EU 28 countries.

$698 bn

$365 bn

total GDP (PPP) in 2008 in current prices +7.0% +6.1% +5.1%

+4.6% +4.6% +4.5%

+5.0% +4.2%

+3.5%

+3.4%

+3.6%

+3.2%

+2.8%

+2.0%

+1.6%

+1.2%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

+3.8% +2.6%

+1.3%

2013

2014

2015

2016

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Growth champion

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Nominal GDP per capita based on market exchange rate of the local currency

POLANDโ S ECONOMY

(in current $)

Republic of Poland

No country before 1990 had ever attempted to switch from a communist to a free market economy. By that time success was by no means guaranteed. Different countries have taken different approaches to this task. Although the immediate social costs were huge, today Poland has emerged as the most successful of the European post-communist economies. It is also the only European state to have avoided recession during the last 25 years.

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Belarus

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Lithuania

Latvia

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Ukraine

1990: $1,705 2016: $4,989

1990: $2,377 2016: $7,350

1990: $3,901 2016: $18,266

1990: $3,186 2016: $12,664

1990: $2,841 2016: $14,879

1990: $2,796 2016: $14,118

1990: $1,698 2016: $12,372

1990: $1,651 2016: $9,474

1990: $3,485 2016: $8,748

1990: $2,395 2016: $16,495

1990: $1,570 2016: $2,185

growth:

+473%

+151%

+588%

+39%

+192%

+209% +368%

+297%

+423% +404% +628%

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Growth champion

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

GDP per capita based on purchasing power standard

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

(in current international $)

Republic of Poland

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Belarus

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Lithuania

Latvia

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Ukraine

1990: $5,224 2016: $18,060

1990: $5,402 2016: $19,199

1990: $12,716 2016: $34,711

1990: $8,932 2016: $26,680

1990: $9,305 2016: $29,966

1990: $7,813 2016: $26,031

1990: $5,995 2016: $27,810

1990: $5,504 2016: $23,626

1990: $8,012 2016: $23,162

1990: $7,678 2016: $30,631

1990: $6,780 2016: $8,271

growth:

+245%

+255%

+172%

+198%

+222%

+233%

+363%

+329%

+189%

+298%

+21%

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

In 2016 Poland saw a trade surplus of

Foreign trade

â&#x201A;Ź4 billion

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

In 2016 exports represented 52% of GDP 1

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The EU accounts for: 79.8% of Polish exports 61.2% of Polish imports (as of 2016)

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The CEE countries account for: 5.5% of Polish exports 7.2% of Polish imports (as of 2016)

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s key trading partner is Germany It accounts for: 27.4% of Polish exports 23.3% of Polish imports (as of 2016)

With its skilled workforce and strong industrial traditions, Poland is Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farming and manufacturing heartland and a major supplier of topquality food, electromechanical products, furniture, vehicles and aircraft. Since 2000, Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s foreign trade turnover has increased fourfold.

exports in â&#x201A;Ź billions

imports in â&#x201A;Ź billions

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

101

2006

102

120

2007

115

141

2008

107

2009

120

134

2010

135

151

2011

144 154 165 179 182 154 156 168 177 178 2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Average exchange rates Q3 2017:

National currency

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland maintains a floating currency, the zĹ&#x201A;oty, which helps to keep Polish products competitive on world markets and insulates its economy from external shocks. TheÂ country has an independent central bank with aÂ solid track record of responsible, anticyclical monetary policy, as well as a well-regulated and conservative banking system.

The Polish government doesn't plan to adopt the euro in mid-term perspective.

Republic of Poland

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JulyÂ 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FebruaryÂ 2009, the zĹ&#x201A;oty (PLN) loses 1/3 2 Black 80% Pantone 425 C of its value relative to the euro. Web R102 G102 B102 The drop in the71zĹ&#x201A;oty made Polish exports more competitive which helped stabilize the economy in the aftermath of the global crisis.

18th February 2009 1EUR = 4.89PLN

EUR/PLN exchange rate

CPI inflation (y/y) October 2017:

Poland has pledged to join the Eurozone in the long term, but currently the country benefits from remaining outside the single currency area.

2004

2005

2006

2007

2.1%

25th July 2008 1EUR = 3.20PLN 2008

2009

2010

2011

1USD = 3.62PLN 1GBP = 4.74PLN 1CHF = 3.76PLN

2012

2013

Average exchange rate Q3 2017:

1EUR = 4.25PLN

Interest rate December 2017:

National bank reserve October 2017:

1.5% â&#x201A;Ź95bn

2014

2015

2016

2017

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

All figures according to Eurostat's methodology (ESA 2010 standard)

Budget and public debt

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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According to the constitution, the government cannot incur debts bigger than

2008: beginning of the global crisis

60% of GDP

Public debt: (as percent of GDP)

46.4% 46.9% 44.2% 46.3% 49.4% 53.1% 54.1% 53.7% 55.7% 50.2% 51.1% Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s constitution caps public debt at 60% of GDP. The government cannot take on any financial obligations that would cause that limit to be exceeded.Â To ensure the level is never breached, Poland has a self-imposed debt threshold of 55% of GDP.

54.1%

Budget deficit: (as percent of GDP)

-4.0%

2005

-3.6%

2006

-1.9%

2007

-3.6%

2008

-4.8% -7.3%

-7.3%

2009

2010

2011

-3.7%

-4.1%

-3.6%

2012

2013

2014

-2.6%

-2.5%

2015

2016

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDĂĄ\ %7/ 326 banery Ä&#x17E;FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WĂĄR ELDĂĄH Logotyp A

Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Stock market

29 Oct. 2007 WIG20 blue chip index: 3,940.53

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

WIG20 blue chip index change

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between 02 January 1996 and 29 November 2017: 71

+207.64%

â&#x201A;Ź332bn total capitalisation (as of 29 Nov. 2017)

â&#x201A;Ź175bn

477

capitalisation of foreign companies (as of 29 Nov. 2017)

total companies listed (as of 29 Nov. 2017)

29 Nov. 2017 WIG20 blue chip index: 2,436.24

foreign companies listed (as of 29 Nov. 2017)

The dynamic growth of Â theÂ Warsaw Stock ExchangeÂ (WSE)Â has made Warsaw Â the leading financial centre in the CEE region, attracting a steady flow of IPOs, both domestic and foreign. The WSE, as a well developing company, debuted on its own stock exchange in 2010.

â&#x201A;Ź52bn 2017 total share sales

â&#x201A;Ź247m

02 Jan. 1996 WIG20 blue chip index: 810.70 1996

1997

1998

2017 average share sales per session

1999

18 Feb. 2009 WIG20 blue chip index: 1,253.24

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2012

2013

2014 2015

2016

2017

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Corruption levelÂ

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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By 2016 Poland ranked

the 29th least corrupt out of 176 countries 71

listed in the Corruption Perceptions Index prepared yearly by the international corruption watchdog Transparency International.

Poland

Poland's rank in the previous editions of the Corruption Perceptions Index:

Like any country that has come out of the throws ofÂ aÂ communist regime to undergo aÂ democratic transition, Poland has faced its fair share of business opportunists and corrupt officials. According to international figures, however, Poland is among the least corrupt countries of the former Eastern Bloc.

2015: 30th / 168 countries 2014: 35th / 174 countries 2013: 38th / 175 countries 2012: 41st / 174 countries 2011: 41st / 182 countries

most corrupt

least corrupt

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Key Polish highflyers

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Asseco

LPP

PKN Orlen

CD Projekt

Maspex

PKO BP

Grupa Azoty

Morpol

PKP Cargo

Inglot

Pesa

PZU

KGHM

PGE

Solaris

Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 6th largest software vendor 1

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video games developer with worldwide sales

Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2nd largest fertilizer maker

Poland boasts a number ofÂ companies of global standing in the chemicals, banking, retail and transport sectors. Some ofÂ these are excellent examples of post-communist state giants successfully reformed to perform in free market conditions. Due to space constraints, only a selection of the many Polish companies of global standing could be included.

fashion giant with worldwide sales

cosmetics producer with a global reach

worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s numberâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;one producer ofÂ silver, major global supplier of copper

biggest food processing company in CEE

worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest salmon processor

one of the biggest rolling stock producers in Europe

the largest electricity conglomerate in the region

Kompania WÄ&#x2122;glowa PGNiG largest coal mining company in Europe

biggest oil producer and fuel distributor in CEE

largest bank in CEE

Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2nd largest freight rail operator

biggest insurance company in CEE

bus and tram producer with worldwide sales

Techland

biggest natural gas producer and distributor in CEE video games producer with a global reach

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDĂĄ\ %7/ 326 banery Ä&#x17E;FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WĂĄR ELDĂĄH Logotyp A

Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMY

Polish video games industry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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In 2017 the Polish video games industry consisted of around

400 companies

active on the global video games market.

Poland emerges as a thriving and successful hub for video game development in Europe. The country is home to around 150Â studios, many of which succeed on a global stage. Poland is itself also a significant market for video games. It'sÂ the eighth largest market in Europe and has generated $430Â million in revenue in 2016.

The largest studio in Poland is CD Projekt, which develops and distributes games worldwide. The company is best known for creating "The Witcher" series of video games, which is a global success with more than 25 million copies sold in total. By end of November 2017 CD Projekt had a market cap of

$2.6Â billion

The biggest Polish studios employ

hundreds of game developers each.

In 2016 sale of video games in Poland accounted for

$430 million

on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Poland has become one of the top destinations for foreign direct investment in Europe. There are many reasons for this, including the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well-educated workforce, huge domestic market, location at the crossroads of Eastern and Western Europe, as well as numerous tax breaks and incentives for investors. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Logotyp B

POLANDโ S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Brand Polska

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Most valuable nation brands (2017) according to Brand Finance institute:

The strength of a country's brand is determined in the same way as any other brand. We can analyse different associations and attributes evoked by a specific country, as well as measure levels of awareness, familiarity, preference, consideration, advocacy and active decisions to visit it or buy a product made there. The branding and image of a nation-state and the successful transference of this image to its exports is just as important as what the country actually produces and sells. Poland is quickly catching up on all those levels.

1. United States 2. China 1 C0 M100 Y100 K5 2 Black 80% Pantone 485 C Pantone 425 C 3. Germany R186 G0 B31 Web R102 G102 B102 Web R204 G0 B51 4. Japan 5. United Kingdom 6. France 7. Canada 8. India 9. Italy 10. South Korea 11. Australia 12. Spain

13. Mexico 14. Switzerland 15. Netherlands 16. 71 Indonesia 17. Russia 18. Brazil 19. Sweden 20. Taiwan 21. UAE 22. Saudi Arabia 23. Poland 24. Turkey

Poland Poland ranked 25th ranked 45th in Monocle's Soft Power Survey 2016/17

in the Country Brand Index 2014-15 published annually by Future Brand

$602 bn

$472 bn

+75% in 2012 Poland recorded the highest increase in brand value among all 100 countries studied by Brand Finance Institute.

$571 bn

$566 bn $516 bn

$497 bn

Poland's brand value according to Brand Finance institute:

$229 bn

$269 bn

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Country rank:

25th

24th

20th

21th

23rd

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Logotyp B

POLANDโ S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

The rankings

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

By 2016 Poland noted a 21% rise of FDI projects quantity compared to 2015.

Republic of Poland

Poland placed 45th out of 180 countries in the 2017 Index of Economic Freedom ranking by The Wall Street Journal and Heritage Foundation 1 C0the 2 Black M100 Y100 K5 80% Pantone 485 C R186 G0 B31 Web R204 G0 B51

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Poland ranked higher 71 than such competitors for investment as Spain, Belgium, Slovakia, Hungary, France and Turkey.

Poland is world's 23rd best location for FDI according to the 2015 A.T. Kearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index.

The 2016 FDI inflow was worth $11.3 bn. By 20156 the total stock of FDI invested so far in Poland was worth $185 bn.

Poland ranked 27th out of 190 countries for ease of doing business by the World Bank in 2017. It is a rise from the 45th position in 2013.

Top 10 European countries by FDI job creation Year after year, Poland moves up in international rankings for ease of doing business and investment attractiveness. In recent years, Polish governments have moved to reduce bureaucracy and improve infrastructure. While there is still room to improve, Poland is now the clear leader in the region in terms of its appeal as a destination for business.

(as of 2016)

12,454

12,969

Hungary

Spain

14,292 15,064 16,396 16,980 Czech Rep.

Russia

Serbia

France

17,545

19,961

Romania

Germany

22,074 43,165 Poland

U.K.

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Labour

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

4.7%

In 2016, the average Pole worked

1,928 hours 1

which is 165 hours longer than the average for OECD 2 Black 80% countries and fifth highest figure among them. Pantone 425 the C

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Average pre-tax labour cost (2016):

â&#x201A;Ź8.6 / hour (EU28: â&#x201A;Ź25.4 / hour)

was Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unemployment rate in August 2017. (average for EU28: 7.6%)

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It is also 66 hours less than in the record-breaking year 2005, when the average Pole worked 1,994 hours. Since then, time spent on work systematically decreases, while work productivity rises.

Workforce productivity: Poland has one of the most educated populations in Europe. 43 percent of young adults aged 25-34 have attained tertiary education degree. Poles are some of the hardest workers in the world as well, labouring for more hours than people in most other developed nations. This has led to a raft of investments in business process outsourcing and in research and development centres in recent years.

share of GDP / man-hour in current prices according to purchasing power parity

$15.6 $17.0 $18.1 $18.7 $19.7 $20.6 $21.4 $21.8 $22.4 $22.9 $23.1 $23.9 $25.5 $26.7 $27.1 $27.6 $27.9 $28.4 $29.0 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Metropolitan areas

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland is unique in its region in that the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is not mostly concentrated around a single city. In fact, Poland boasts 7 metropolitan centres with populations of 1 million people or above. There is also a significant number of large to medium sized cities (17 with a population ofÂ over 200,000). These cities areÂ spread out across the country, meaning Poland offers a wider array of large markets in which toÂ invest. By 2030, Poland plans to further integrate its metropolitan areas into groupings of a larger scale. This integration will be reflected in common institutions and common legal standards.

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923

219

60.2

cities and towns in Poland (July 2017)

cities have a population bigger than 200,000 (July 2017)

towns have a population bigger than 20,000 (July 2017)

percent of Poles (23.1 million) live in towns or cities (as of end 2016)

Warsaw agglomeration

Silesia conurbation

Cracow agglomeration

Tri-City conurbation

WrocĹ&#x201A;aw agglomeration

Ĺ ĂłdĹş agglomeration

PoznaĹ&#x201E; agglomeration

ToruĹ&#x201E; agglomeration

3.2 mln

Map of the biggest Polish cities and towns

1.2 mln

2.8 mln

1.1 mln

2.1 mln

1.1 mln

1.2 mln

0.8 mln

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Road system

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Road safety in Poland is constantly improving. Between 2007-2016, the number of casualties on national roads decreased by 45,7%.

Republic of Poland The road construction programme for the years 2014-2023 has an estimated budget of 1

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EUR 38 billion it envisions the construction of 3,900 km of motorways and expressways, as well as 57 ringroads around different cities.

For an economy to run efficiently, it needs a good system of roads to keep people and goods moving from place to place. InÂ the past few years, Poland hasÂ made great strides in this area, significantly increasing its number ofÂ express roads and motorways thanks to EU funding. Much of this progress wasÂ made in the run-up to the 2012Â European football championships. AsÂ ofÂ December 2017, Poland had over 3,300 km of motorways and expressways in use.

The density of the motorway and expressway network is set to change from 8.5 km / 1000 km2 (2014) to 22.7 km / 1000 km2 (2023).

Map of the planned motorway and expressway network in Poland

As of December 2004 Poland had:

As of December 2017 Poland had:

535 km

1,627 km

of motorways in use and

224 km

1,688 km

of expressways in use

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDรก\ %7/ 326 banery ฤ FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WรกR ELDรกH Logotyp A

Logotyp B

POLANDโ S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Poland has always been a bridge between the East and West. It was once a powerful country of major significance on the international arena, a country whose great civilization radiated upon its neighbors. After years of decline, Poland has recently extended its responsibilities and position in European affairs, becoming one of the key players on the continent. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Architecture of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s international relations

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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United Nations 30 years ago Poland was neither democratic nor sovereign. It has come a long way since then. The country is now an active member of the European Union and NATO, as well as all other leading multilateral organisations.

member since 1945

IMF

International Monetary Fund

WTO

World Trade North Organisation Atlantic Treaty member since 1995 Organization

member since 1986

VisegrĂĄd Group member since 1991 Weimar Triangle member since 1991

Council of Europe member since 1991 European Economic Area member since 2003

NATO

European Union member since 2004

member since 1999

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe member since 1994

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member since 1996

G6, Group of Six member since 2006 Schengen Area member since 2007

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Logotyp B

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Poland in the European Union

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland joined the European Union in May 2004 after completing comprehensive structural reforms. Over ten years after its accession, Poland is now one of the most proEuropean member states and an advocate for other countries inÂ the region. EU membership has helped strengthen Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s democracy as well as increase itsÂ economic prosperity and open new markets. Poland is now the 6th largest economy in the EU.

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According to an opinion poll conducted by the European Council on Foreign Relations among representatives of the political class from all over the EU, Poland appears to be the fourth most influental member state after Germany, France, and the UK, ex aequo with Italy. Its perceived impact on EU policy in general is also higher than the one of Spain. 2

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38.4 of 511.8 775 of 14,904 27 of 352 51 of 751

million citizens â&#x20AC;&#x201C; as of 2017

billion EUR of total GDP (PPP) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; as of 2016

votes in the EU Council

deputees in the EU Parliament

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDĂĄ\ %7/ 326 banery Ä&#x17E;FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WĂĄR ELDĂĄH Logotyp A

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s international initiatives

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland is committed to helping its neighbours and newly emerged democracies outside Europe become part of the political, economic and social modernisation processes promoted by the European Union. The European Endowment for Democracy, initiated in May 2013, and the Eastern Partnership, a joint Polish-Swedish scheme launched in May 2009, are two examples of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s increasing international clout.

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Reinforces multilateral ties within 12 EU countries located between the Adriatic, Baltic and Black Sea.

Initiated in August 2016 by President of Croatia, Kolinda Grabar-KitaroviÄ&#x2021; and President of Poland, Andrzej Duda, the Three Seas Initiative is an informal Infrastructural and sectorial cooperation forum for Central European members of EU that is intended to strengthen the north-south axis in the region.

Promotes democratic rules and norms around the world.

Established in 2000 at a ministerial conference in Warsaw. An initiative of BronisĹ&#x201A;aw Geremek, Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Foreign Minister, and Madeleine Albright, US Secretary of State. The Community was based on the declaration â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Towards a Community of Democraciesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, signed by representatives of 106 countries.

Reinforces bilateral and multilateral European ties with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

Boosts co-operation in areas such as good governance, human rights and sustainable development. Includes joint efforts regarding visa facilitation, border control and legal integration based on common standards and norms.

Promotes democracy throughout the EU neighbourhood.

Assists civil society organisations, young pro-democracy leaders and independent media outlets. Financed from European Commission fundsÂ and member state contributions.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Regional co-operation structures

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Maintaining good relations withÂ all of its neighbours is one ofÂ Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main priorities and itÂ is therefore an active member of regional co-operation structures. These structures include the VisegrĂĄd Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia) and the Weimar Triangle (Poland, France and Germany). Both of them celebrated in 2016 their 25th anniversary. Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading role within the VisegrĂĄd Group and its deep co-operation within the framework of the Weimar Triangle strengthens its position within European decision-making.

Balance of votes in the Council of the European Black 80% Pantone 425 C Web R102 G102 B102 Union

58 votes

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58 votes

ar Triangle Weim

rĂĄd Group Viseg

Slovakia (7)

Germany (29)

Hungary (12)

Germany

Slovakia Poland

Czech Republic (12)

France (29)

Poland (27)

France

Hungary Czech Republic

European Union 28 member countries

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

National security and the security of the entire region play an important role in Polish policy. Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s membership in the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strongest military alliance has not only given it security guarantees but it has also increased the position of Poland on the international stage. The necessity of adapting to NATO standards and the participation of Polish troops in missions, exercises and trainings with soldiers from other NATO member countries allowed Poland's armed forces to achieve a high level of interoperability with other allied armies. Polish contribution and involvement in NATO operations and activities has made Poland aÂ reliable partner for both itsÂ allies and third countries.

Republic of Poland

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Poland joined NATO in March 1999

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71 Poland's defence budget in 2017 was worth USD 10 billion, which equals to 2.01 percent of the country's GDP.

Poland ranked 19th out of 133 countries listed in the Global Firepower 2016 ranking.

82% of Poles support Poland's membership in NATO (as of April 2017)

During the Nato Summit that took place in July 2016 in Warsaw, the alliance made a historic decision to strengthen its eastern flank by sending there four allied multinational battalions. One of them operates in Poland.

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDÃ¡\ %7/ 326 banery Ä&#x17E;FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WÃ¡R ELDÃ¡H Logotyp A

Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

Foreign missions

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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119 fallen Polish soldiers on foreign missions since WWII (as of Dec. 2017)

Pakistan

Chad

Syria

Haiti

UNIFIL 1992-2009

EUFOR Tchad/RCA 2008-2009 MINURCAT 2008-2010

UNDOF 1974-2009

Uphold Democracy 1994

Cambodia

Croatia

Kosovo

Iraq

Congo

UNTAC 1992-1993

UNCRO 1995

KFOR 1999-present

Iraqi Freedom / MND CS 2003-2008

EUFOR RD Congo 2006

Bosnia and Herzegovina Polish soldiers have a long history of fighting abroad. Nowadays, Poland continues to take part in a number of foreign missions within the framework of the UN, NATO, the EU and the OSCE. Over the last dozen years some 30 percent of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 100,000 troops have gained combat experience on foreign deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2014 Poland became one of the few NATO nations with a certified ability to lead joint multinational allied special operations.

IFOR 1996 SFOR 1996-2004 EUFOR Althea 2004-present

former Yugoslavia UNPROFOR 1992-1995

Afghanistan

Albania

Enduring Freedom 2002-2009 ISAF 2004-2014 Resolute Support 2015-present

AFOR 1999

Lebanon

Swift Relief 2005-2006

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOREIGN RELATIONS

$629 million

Helping others

Polish ODA in 2016 0,13% of Gross National Income

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland has come a very long way in the last 25 years, but it was not alone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it had help. That is why Poland takes its duty to help others so seriously. The objective of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development cooperation is to create conditions for sustainable development within partner countries. This is done through measures such as promoting and consolidating democracy, helping create efficient state institutions, reducing poverty and raising the level of education. Poland's priority countries are Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Senegal.

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Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s membership in the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, which brings together the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major development aid donors, is proof of the country's position as an important donor of development assistance.

Polish official development assistance 2

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Official development assistance (ODA) is defined as government aid designed to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries

$47 million Polish ODA in 2000 0,02% of Gross National Income

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

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POLAND’S FOREIGN RELATIONS

World Youth Days in Poland

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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An estimated

World Youth Days is an international event of global reach for young people organized every few years by the Catholic Church. The event was initiated by pope John Paul II in 1985. In 2016, for the second time in its history, it took place in Poland. An estimated three million young people from around the world took part in the week long event with the final mass concelebrated by pope Francis attended by 2.5 million pilgrims.

three million people from around the world attended the World Youth Days that took place in Kraków in July 2016.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Polish society is a mixture of tradition and modernity. With a population of almost 40 million people, Poles are well-educated, hardworking, entrepreneurial, as well as open to new trends and technologies. Polish society has moved on quickly from the grim communist period to a free-market economy and is a key member of the European Union. Yet it has not forgotten about its past and has kept its identity. Tradition, helping others and religion still play an important role in peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives, and family life is seen as the core component of happiness. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Demographics

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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As of 2016, for every 100 men there were 106,6 women in Poland. (52% of the population) 71

Life expectancy for women born in 2015:

Population according to economic age groups:

81.6 years

pre-productive age (0-17)

Life expectancy for men born in 2015:

73.5 years The leading causes of death in Poland are heart diseases (45.1%) and cancer (26.6%). They are both responsible for over 71% of all deceases.

With over 38 million people, the 37th largest population in the world, Poland is a significant player not only on the European stage, but also in the global arena. There are a large number of people of Polish origin around the world too, a figure estimated at some 20m people.

1990: 29% > 2017: 18%

Fertility rate (2015)

1.32

productive age (18-59/64)

1990: 58% > 2017: 62% post-productive age (60/65+)

1990: 13% > 2017: 20%

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is the 8th largest in Europe, 6th largest in the EU and 37th largest in the world

38.4 million inhabitants

Russia

Germany

U.K.

France

Italy

Spain

Ukraine

Poland

Romania

Netherlands

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Nation with a strong identity

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland This homogeneity is a relatively recent development in Polish society, a result of the tumultuous aftermath of World War II. Previously throughout its history, Poland had been one of the most diverse nations in Europe. 1

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10m

15m

20m

25m

30m

35m

nationality

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is one of theÂ most homogenous inÂ Europe,Â with 97 percent being Polish. Amongst them, however, there are several ethnic and national groups bringing a dash of diversity toÂ the population. TheyÂ include Germans, Ukrainians and Belarusians. The largest, Silesians and Kashubians, areÂ considered linguistic orÂ regional groups rather than ethnic minorities. Over 92Â percent of theÂ population declare themselvesÂ toÂ beÂ Roman Catholic.

97.09% Polish

religion

Only 40% of those who declare affiliation to the Roman Catholic church take part in regular religious practices.

92.8% Roman Catholic

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Towns & cities

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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There are

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923

60.2%

cities and towns in Poland (as of July 2017)

of Poles lived within administrative boundaries of towns or cities.

Capital city: Warsaw (1.75m pop.)

Main cities: There are 123 people per square kilometre in Poland, a figure lower than in most Western European countries. Almost 60.2% of Poles live in towns or cities, compared to an average of 73% in the rest of Europe. The largest metropolitan area in Poland is the Warsaw agglomeration with a population of 3.2 million. TheÂ second largest metropolitan area is the conurbation ofÂ more than 10Â cities of Upper Silesia, which has a population of 2.8 million.

By the end of 2016

KrakĂłw (0.76m) Ĺ ĂłdĹş (0.69m) WrocĹ&#x201A;aw (0.63m) PoznaĹ&#x201E; (0.54m) GdaĹ&#x201E;sk (0.46m) Szczecin (0.40m) Bydgoszcz (0.35m) Lublin (0.34m) Katowice (0.29m) BiaĹ&#x201A;ystok (0.29m) Gdynia (0.24m) CzÄ&#x2122;stochowa (0.22m) Radom (0.21m) Sosnowiec (0.20m) ToruĹ&#x201E; (0.20m) Kielce (0.19m) (population in administrative boundaries, as of end 2016)

Population density:

123/km2 (as of end 2016)

Warsaw city 1.75 million

Warsaw agglomeration

3.2 million

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

The Polish diaspora

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

The total number of people with Polish nationality or descent around the world is estimated at between 55Â to 60 million, with up to 30Â percent of that number living outside Poland. This makes the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world. Reasons for this displacement vary from border shifts, forced expulsions and resettlement that have taken place through centuries, to the more recent political and economic emigration.

Republic of Poland

Greece: 10,000 Iceland: 11,000 South Africa: 30,000 Switzerland: 30,000 Kazakhstan: 34,000 1 C0 M100 Y100 K5 2 Black 80% Pantone 485 C Pantone 425 C R186 G0 B31 Web R102 G102 B102 Latvia: 46,000 Web R204 G0 B51 Russia: 47,000 Denmark: 60,000 Austria: 85,000 Spain: 85,000 Norway: 110,000 Sweden: 110,000 Argentina: 120,000 Belgium: 120,000 Czech Republic: 120,000 Ireland: 150,000 Italy: 150,000 Australia: 170,000 Netherlands: 200,000 Lithuania: 200,000 Belarus: 295,000 Ukraine: 300,000 France: 800,000 United Kingdom: 800,000 Canada: 1,000,000 Brazil: 1,500,000 Germany: 1,500,000 United States: 9,660,000

A large proportion of Polish nationals who emigrated were Polish Jews, who also make up part of the Jewish diaspora. The Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) was home to the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest Jewish population.

up to

60 million people of Polish nationality or descent live around the world.

According to the British Office for National Statistics, Polish is the main language spoken in England and Wales after English. (2011 census)

Poles participated in the creation of first European settlements in the New World. General PuĹ&#x201A;aski and general KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko are among the founders of the United States of America. Nowadays, one of theÂ biggest Polish-inhabited cities worldwide is Chicago, with almost as many inhabitants of Polish origin as in the capital of Poland.

Pre-war Warsaw, with 500,000 Jewish inhabitants, was the second biggest Jewish city in the world after New York.

up to

30%

of people with Polish nationality or descent live outside the borders of Poland

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Family first

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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49%

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By 2015 the average fertility rate was

1.32 children per woman of reproductive age (15-49). By April 2016 Polish government has introduced a subsidiary programme designed to encourage families to have more children. It is 500 PLN (around â&#x201A;Ź113) monthly for every second and consecutive child in a family.

of Poles want to have two children. (as of March 2013)

78% of Poles consider unmarried parents with children to constitute family. (as of March 2013)

Family plays a major role in the hierarchy of values of an average Pole. Only 12% of Poles believe one can be truly happy without having a family. Also, the social perception of the term â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is changing with time. Recently an increasing number of people believe cohabitation to also be under the definition of family.

26% of Poles want to have at least three children. (as of March 2013)

85% of Poles consider family to be the most important thing in their life and the main factor contributing to their happiness. (as of March 2013)

14% of Poles consider same sex relationships to be family. (as of March 2013)

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Connected society

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

87%

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By April 2017, on average Polish Internet users were spending online

12 hours a week

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71 of Poles who go online do so using mobile devices â&#x20AC;&#x201C; laptops, smartphones and tablets. (as of April 2017)

54%

By October 2017

78% of households in rural areas were connected to the Internet.

Poles are connected. There are more mobile phones than people and most use the Internet every day. 81.9 percent of Poles have access to the Internet at home. The amount of people who access Internet through mobile devices as well as from rural areas is growing significantly.

By the end of 2016 a total of

55.5 million SIM cards were in operation in Poland.

66%

of Polish Internet users purchase goods online on a regular basis. 81% of them have purchased and 37% of them have sold something through the internet at least once. (as of April 2017)

of Polish Internet users use online banking services. (as of April 2017)

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

A generous nation

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

64% C0 M100 Y100 K5 Pantone 485 C R186 G0 B31 Web R204 G0 B51

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71 of Poles supported charity by donating money at least once during the previous year. 44% of Poles did it more than once during that time. (as of March 2016)

58%

Poland, like any country in the world, is also home to people and issues which urgently require social assistance of different sorts. One can find all kinds of non-governmental charity organizations who deal with a large variety of causes.

of Poles supported charity by donating goods (food, clothes, books etc) at least once during the previous year. 42% of Poles did it more than once during that time. (as of March 2016)

Since 2004 each Pole can allocate 1 percent of his annual income tax to charitable organizations. By 2016 a total of 13.6 million taxpayers have supported that way different causes with around EUR 150 million.

16%

of Poles supported charity with their direct work at least once during the previous year. 13% of Poles did it more than once during that time. (as of March 2016)

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Skilled and ambitious

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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43.5% In education, Poles perform well compared to other countries. In a report by The Economist Intelligence Unit from May 2014, the Polish educational system was rated higher than the American, German, Israeli and Swiss. InÂ the PISA survey conducted by the OECD in 2012 in 65 countries, Poland ranked 14th in mathematics, 9th in sciences and 10th in reading comprehension.

91%

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is the unemployment rate of Poles aged 25-64 with a tertiary education degree. The OECD average for this group is 4.6%. (as of 2016)

of Poles aged 25-34 attained a tertiary education degree, compared with an OECD average of 43%. (as of 2016)

of adults aged 25-64 attained at least upper secondary education, compared with anÂ OECD average of 78%. (as of 2016)

By 2012 Poland had

Students' performance in reading:

Students' performance in mathematics:

Students' performance in science:

506 pts

504 pts

501 pts

OECD average: 493 pts (2015 PISA study)

OECD average: 490 pts (2015 PISA study)

OECD average: 493 pts (2015 PISA study)

the fourth biggest number of students in tertiary education in the European Union after United Kingdom, France and Germany.

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SOCIETY

Spirit of entrepreneurship

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

By the end of 2016 there were By the end of 2016 there were

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1.8 million

active economic entities registered in Poland

96%

16.3 million

people employed in total, of which 12.4 million worked in the private sector. That makes an employment rate of 53.9 percent of the total population.

2.9 million

people were self-employed, of which 0.67 million were employing also other people.

of them are microenterprises with less than 10 employees.

Poles form one of the most entrepreneurial societies inÂ Europe. This is not only down to education, but mostly due to their openness, courage and creativity when it comes toÂ business. Poles, especially women and young people, are some of the most entrepreneurial and innovative people in the world.

Microenterprises are responsible for around

30% of Poland's GDP.

almost 800 new companies are being established every day in Poland. (295,665 companies in 2016) 93.5% of them are self-employment entities.

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POLANDโ S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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The spirit of democracy has survived in Poland despite many trials and tribulations, including long periods of foreign occupation and years of communist subjugation which left the country politically and economically bankrupt. Over the last 25 years consecutive Polish governments have successfully re-built a strong and stable political system rooted in the rule of law and supported by democratic political institutions. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Logotyp B

Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

The Polish Constitution

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland is a pioneer of European constitutionalism. In 1791 theÂ King and Parliament of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania passed Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first written national constitution, later called the Constitution of May 3rd. Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current constitution was adopted by the National Assembly of Poland on 2 April 1997. The Constitution provides for the foundations of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s socio-political system. It also guarantees the basic personal, political, economic, social and cultural rights of its citizens.

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The Constitution of May 3rd was the first written national constitution in Europe and

the second in the world after the U.S. Constitution.

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

Electoral system

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

There are 41 constituencies inÂ Poland, each allotted between 7Â and 19 seats. Each constituency provides a candidate list and members of that district vote onÂ the candidates they want to elect. These votes are then counted in the national aggregate to determine the proportion each party will receive. TheÂ parties of each constituency then elect candidates who received the most votes in their district. Additionally, a threshold is used so that candidates are chosen only from parties that gained at least 5Â percent of the nationwide vote.

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next elections:

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Political system:

Structure of parliament:

multiparty

Voting system:

bicameral

proportional

Number of seats:

Election threshold:

lower chamber: 460 upper chamber: 100

participation in allocation of seats: 5% of the total votes cast for party list; 8% for a coalition list.

Parliamentary term: 4 years

Constituencies:

Eligibility:

41 multi-member

Designation mode: directly elected

Voter requirements: age: 18 years, Polish citizenship

2018 Local election 2019 Parliamentary election 2020 Presidential election

lower chamber: minimum 21 years old, upper chamber: minimum 30 years old, Polish citizenship, permanent residence in the country for not less than five years

Presidental term: 5 years

Eligibility:

minimum 35 years old, Polish citizenship, confirmed support by at least 100,000 citizens

48.96% was the turnout for the first round of the last presidential election in Poland (2015). Turnout for the second round was 55.34% 50.92% was the turnout for the last parliamentary elections in Poland (2015).

Voting is not compulsory.

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

Parliament

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

structure of the lower chamber 1 C0 M100 2 Y100 K5 Pantone 485 C R186 G0 B31 (Sejm): Web R204 G0 B51

As in other European countries, the Polish parliament as a representative body took shape through an evolutionary process. TheÂ General Sejm sitting at PiotrkĂłw which started in January 1493 was of special significance in that process. ItÂ was then that a bicameral parliament was established, consisting of the Senate and the House of Deputies. For the next three centuries the Polish Sejm remained the main institution of the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;noble democracyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, a unique political system where the nobility, which accounted for more than 10 percent of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total population, controlled the legislature and elected the king.

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Marshal Presidium

of parliamentary tradition

Marshal Presidium

- Marshal - Deputy Marshals

Council of Seniors

- Marshal - Deputy Marshals - chairmen of deputies' clubs - chief of the Chancellery of the Sejm

Standing Committees

29 permanent legislative panels dedicated to different areas of interest. Committees consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration by their respective deputies' clubs.

Deputies' clubs

structure of the upper chamber (Senate):

500 years

representations of political parties in the Sejm

- Marshal - Deputy Marshals

Council of Seniors - Marshal - Deputy Marshals - representatives of the senate's clubs

Standing Committees

16 commitees dedicated to different areas of interest consider acts passed by the Sejm and recommend measures for consideration by their respective senate's clubs.

Election term:

4 years

460 100 seats in the lower chamber (Sejm)

seats in the upper chamber (Senate)

Senate's clubs

representations of political parties in the Senate

Logotyp B: ZH ZV]\VWNLFK DSOLNDFMDFK ZLHONRIRUPDWRZ\FK 3U]H]QDF]HQLH PDWHULDĂĄ\ %7/ 326 banery Ä&#x17E;FLDQNL 3RS8S UROO XS LWG :VND]DQH WĂĄR ELDĂĄH Logotyp A

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

Government

Ministry

237

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Parliamentary support:

Republic of Poland

Law and Justice (PiS) made history in 2015 as the first party since the fall ofÂ communismÂ in Poland to receive enough votes to form a majority government. The Council of Ministers is currently composed of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawieckiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cabinet. 1

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The Council of Ministers is the collective executive decision-making body of the Polish government. The President appoints the leader of a stable political majority in the parliament as Prime Minister. His cabinet is composed of 21 ministers, who themselves donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to be deputies to the parliament. The Council of Ministers is collectively and individually responsible to the Sejm for all the operations of the government.

Beata SzydĹ&#x201A;o Deputy Prime Minister

Jacek Czaputowicz Minister of Foreign Affairs

Piotr GliĹ&#x201E;ski Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Culture and National Heritage

Teresa CzerwiĹ&#x201E;ska Minister of Finance

JarosĹ&#x201A;aw Gowin Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Science and Higher Education Andrzej Adamczyk Minister of Infrastructure and Construction Head of the Council of Ministers:

Mateusz Morawiecki

Jadwiga Emilewicz Minister of Entrepreneurship and Technology Marek GrĂłbarczyk Minister of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation

ElĹźbieta Rafalska Minister of Family, Labour and Social Policy Ĺ ukasz Szumowski Minister of Health Krzysztof TchĂłrzewski Minister of Energy Anna Zalewska Minister of National Education Zbigniew Ziobro Minister of Justice

Witold BaĹ&#x201E;ka Minister of Sport and Tourism

Krzysztof Jurgiel Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development

Mariusz BĹ&#x201A;aszczak Minister of National Defence

Henryk Kowalczyk Minister of Environment

Mariusz KamiĹ&#x201E;ski Minister / Member of the Council of Ministers, Special Services Coordinator

Joachim BrudziĹ&#x201E;ski Minister of the Interior and Administration

Jerzy KwieciĹ&#x201E;ski Minister of Investment and Economic Development

Beata Kempa Minister / Member of the Council of Ministers

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

The Presidency

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Republic of Poland

The President of the Republic of Poland is the head of state, the supreme representative of Poland on the global stage and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. He has executive authority and a right to dissolve the parliament in certain cases. TheÂ President has the possibility to initiate the legislative process as well as the opportunity to directly influence it by using his veto to stop a bill. He is elected directly by the citizens.

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Current President of Poland:

Andrzej Duda

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â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Doctor of Law (2005, Jagiellonian University) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; former Deputy Minister of Justice (2006-2007) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; former Undersecretary of State in the Chancellery of the President (2008-2010) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; former Deputy to the Polish Parliament (2011- 2014) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; former Deputy to the European Parliament (2014-2015)

Presidential flag Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland

eligibility:

5 years In order to be registered as aÂ candidate in the presidential election, one must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election and collect at least 100,000 signatures of supporters.

Previous Presidents: Lech WaĹ&#x201A;Ä&#x2122;sa (1990-1995) Aleksander KwaĹ&#x203A;niewski (1995-2005) Lech KaczyĹ&#x201E;ski (2005-2010) BronisĹ&#x201A;aw Komorowski (2010-2015)

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

Local government

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Public administration on the local level are run both byÂ local government and organs of central administration. Local government is run by the voivodship â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sejmikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (local parliament), voted in every four years in local elections. The executive body of the local government is the marshal office, runÂ by the marshal who is chosen by the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sejmikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Poland's central government is represented on the local level by the voivodship office run by the voivode, who is chosen by the Prime Minister. The voivode's and the marshal's competences do not interfere.

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voivodship

county

municipality

Since 1999 Poland's administrative order has been based on three levels of subdivision. The biggest voivodships (regions) are further divided into powiats (counties) and these in turn are divided into gminas (communes or municipalities).

16 380 voivodships

counties

2,478 municipalities

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

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At various times in its history Poland has had an empire which stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea, was one of the most cosmopolitan and tolerant nations in Europe, disappeared completely from the map, incurred debilitating losses during war, and was subjugated by foreign powers. But it has never lost hope nor its unquenchable desire for freedom and independence, itsÂ fighting spirit or its unbreakable sense of nationhood. TodayÂ theÂ country stands tall amongst the community of nations, an economic, political and cultural leader in Europe, and a beacon of hope for oppressed and transitional nations; that democracy is attainable, even against seemingly insurmountable odds. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Main historical events

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966

1025

1385

1569

1573

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Kingdom of Poland

The Polish-Lithuanian Dynastic Union

The Union of Lublin

The First Free Election

Polish queen regent Jadwiga marries the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who adopts the title WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw II JagieĹ&#x201A;Ĺ&#x201A;o and founds the Jagiellonian dynasty. From now on the Polish king rules the two countries jointly. The PolishLithuanian empire is born.

Spurred on by conflicts with the ever powerful Russia and the failure of Sigismund II Augustus, king of Poland, to bear children â&#x20AC;&#x201C; thus threatening the continuation of the Jagiellonian line - Poland and Lithuania enter into aÂ commonwealth effectively becoming a single state.

Sigismund II Augustus dies without having fathered an heir. He is the last ofÂ theÂ Jagiellonian dynasty. HisÂ death prompts the first free elections, attended by some 40,000 Polish nobles. From now on every Polish king is freely elected by the noblemen.

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first ruler, Mieszko I, his wife and hisÂ court, are baptized. ThisÂ heralds the conversion of Poland to Christianity.

There have been many eventsÂ which have contributedÂ toÂ shaping PolandÂ into theÂ country that itÂ is today. Those presented here only provide snapshots of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dramatic story, but they offer insights into the unique and extraordinary Polish national identity.

Coronation of BolesĹ&#x201A;aw the Brave. Poland becomes a kingdom under the rule of the Piast dynasty.

1772

1791

1918

1939

1989

The Partitions

The Constitution of May 3rd

Polish Independence

The Beginning of WWII

Polish Sovereignty

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s suffers three partitions during its history. The first two, which take place in 1772 and 1793, see Prussia, Austria and Russia annex its eastern and western lands. The third, in 1795, sees the Commonwealth disappear from the map.

StanisĹ&#x201A;aw August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, adopts the Constitution of May 3rd, widely acknowledged as being the first constitution in Europe and the second in the world after the U.S. Constitution.

Under the firm guidance of general JĂłzef PiĹ&#x201A;sudski, Poland finally becomes a state again after 123 years under foreign rule.

The worst of all wars starts by a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the USSR. The post-war global order created by Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin puts Poland within theÂ Soviet sphere of influence. ThisÂ heralds the start of aÂ long and painful period of Communism in Poland.

Following a peaceful revolution Poland regains its sovereignty and becomes aÂ democratic state, re-claiming its rightful place amongst theÂ community of nations.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Early beginnings

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With 1

the baptism of Poland in 966

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the country entered into an entirely new political and cultural reality. 2016 marks the 1050 anniversary of that event.

960-992 Mieszko I The baptism of Mieszko I (966) is widely regarded as the beginning of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s statehood. It is also an event which saw Poland surface as a country on the European map. Mieszko I took the title of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s crown prince.

The founder of the Piast dynasty that was to rule Poland for the next 400 years. Mieszkoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s marriage in 965 to the Czech PĹ&#x2122;emyslid princess Dobrawa and his baptism in 966 put him and his country in the cultural sphere of Western Christianity.

Both monarchs are pictured here on their common tomb in PoznaĹ&#x201E; Cathedral.

992-1025 BolesĹ&#x201A;aw Chrobry BolesĹ&#x201A;aw Chrobry (BolesĹ&#x201A;aw the Brave), son of MieszkoÂ I, was Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first king. The exact details of his coronation remain ambiguous, although it is widely believed that he was accepted as the King of Poland by the international community when OttoÂ III, Holy Roman Emperor turned to him for military assistance.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

The Battle of Grunwald (1410)

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On 15 July 1410, the alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania dealt a decisive blow to the Teutonic Knights during one of the largest battles of Medieval Europe, widely known as the Battle of Grunwald. Both the Poles and the Lithuanians had engaged in territorial disputes with the Knights for decades, but when WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw II JagieĹ&#x201A;Ĺ&#x201A;o of Lithuania married Queen Jadwiga of Poland in 1385 and converted to Christianity, the Teutonic Order lost its religious rationale for its continued raids on Lithuanian lands. The Order never fully recovered from its loss in the battle, while the Polish-Lithuanian alliance went on to nearly 400 years of dominance in the region.

Republic of Poland

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WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw II JagieĹ&#x201A;Ĺ&#x201A;o King of Poland, supreme commander of Polish-Lithuanian forces led 18-20,000 cavalry on the Polish side.

Ulrich von Jungingen

Vytautas the Great

Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (killed in action) led 15-16,000 cavalry

Grand Duke of Lithuania led 10-11,000 light cavalry on the Lithuanian side.

The Battle of Grunwald depicted in a painting by Jan Matejko. King JagieĹ&#x201A;Ĺ&#x201A;o's bronze monument in New York's Central Park. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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In 1618 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth spanned a grand total of

990,000 km2

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The Commonwealth state was 71 established on a formal level at the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the actual dynastic union occured much earlier,

The Union of Lublin (1569) heralded the creation of Poland and Lithuania as a federation. The Commonwealth, which was divided into the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Crownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Poland) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, is widely regarded as a precursor to modern day democratic states. The power structure consisted of the king, a senate and a lower parliament in which sat the regional nobility. Even though government was largely centralized, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania retained an autonomous army, treasury, judiciary, administrative body and legal system.

in 1386 when Polish queen regent Jadwiga married the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who adopted the title WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw II JagieĹ&#x201A;Ĺ&#x201A;o and founded theÂ Jagiellonian dynasty.

modern day Poland (312,679 km2)

The Polishâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Lithuanian Commonwealth was marked by high levels ofÂ ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Warsaw Confederation Act (1573) All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Poland occupies the Kremlin (1610)

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Poland is one of the only foreign powers, apart from the Mongols and the French Empire under Napoleon, toÂ have ever occupied Moscow. During the Polish-Muscovite War of 1605-1618, Polish troops captured Tsar VasiliÂ IV, the last member of the Rurikid dynasty, and brought him to Warsaw. HeÂ died as prisoner one year later in the castle of Gostynin, near Warsaw. Meanwhile Polish prince Wladyslav IV Vasa briefly held the title of Russian Tsar. TheÂ Poles lost Moscow in 1612.

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This period in Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history brought fame to

the mounted Hussars horse cavalry One of their most notable victories was theÂ Battle of KĹ&#x201A;uszyn where they beat the Russians despite being outnumbered 5 to 1.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Noble Democracy

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Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Noble Democracy, a country not governed solely by the monarch, was uniquely enlightened for the times. ItÂ allowed the nobility, which made up some 10 percent ofÂ Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population, toÂ elect aÂ king. The period is often referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Golden Libertyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Â due toÂ the extent of the privileges enjoyed by the nobles. Many historians claim that the principle of liberum veto was a major cause of the deterioration of the Commonwealth's political system, particularly in the 18th century, when foreign powers bribed Sejm members to paralyze its proceedings. That led to a major crisis of power and eventually to the partition of the country between Austria, Prussia and Russia for over a century.

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The liberum veto

was a form of unanimity voting rule that allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session. It was based on the premise that since all Polish noblemen were equal, every measure that came before the Sejm had to be passed unanimously. The first regional councils were set up by the nobility

in 1454 This is seen as the starting date for the Noble Democracy. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sejmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the early form of parliament â&#x20AC;&#x201C; was made up of the king and a chamber of deputies that numbered 170.

The first free election of the king took place in 1573, when Sigismund II Augustus died without having fathered an heir. He was the last of the Jagiellonian dynasty. His death prompted the first free elections attended by some 40,000Â Polish nobles.

Henceforward every Polish king was freely elected.

The election of Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski in 1764, depicted in a painting by Bernardo Bellotto.

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The Constitution of May 3rd (1791)

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The Constitution of May 3rd was the first written national constitution in Europe and

the second in the world

The Constitution of May 3rd was drawn up to bring back order to a state largely governed on the whim of the nobility. Henceforth any new law had to be in accordance with the constitution. The constitution strived to set up a more democratic state and erase some of the social inequalities prevalentÂ in the old system. Notably itÂ placed peasants under the protection of the government.

The painting by Jan Matejko depicts King Stanislaus Augustus on the streets of Warsaw just after the new national constitution had been adopted by the Grand Sejm.

after the U.S. Constitution.

In 1773 the Commonwealth created the Commission of National Education, which brought elementary education to ordinary citizens across the state. BecauseÂ of its vast authority and autonomy, itÂ is considered to be the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Ministry of Education and an important achievement of the Polish Enlightenment. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

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Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795)

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Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Noble Democracy and theÂ free election of Polish kings hasÂ progressively lead to the decline ofÂ the country's central government and the rise of magnate oligarchies. In the eighteenth century, the powers of the monarchy became purely trivial. Kings were denied permission to provide for the elementary requirements of defense and finance and aristocratic clans made treaties directly with foreign sovereigns. The principle of liberum veto was a major cause of the deterioration of the Commonwealth's political system by foreign powers bribing Sejm members to paralyze its proceedings. Eventually, the foreign powers surrounding the country took advantage of its internal crisis to divide it in three partition stages. The third partition in 1795 wiped the Commonwealth from the map of Europe for another 123 years.

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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before the first partition in 1772 (white outline) and the borders of Russia, Prussia and Austria after the third partition in 1795 (coloured)

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As a result of the third partition in 1795,

Poland ceased to exist for the next 123 years.

The Commonwealth before the first partition in 1772:

733,500 km2

Distribution of the Commonwealth's population (as of 1795):

Prussia: 23%, Austria: 32% Russia: 45%

Russia Prussia

Austria

The Commonwealth after the first partition in 1772:

522,300 km2

The Commonwealth after the second partition in 1793:

215,000 km2

The Commonwealth after the third partition in 1795:

0 km2

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Interbellum (1918-1939)

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In 1918, Poland rose like a phoenix from the ashes of Â theÂ three foreign empires which occupied its lands for theÂ previous 123 years â&#x20AC;&#x201C; AustroHungary, German Empire and Tsarist Russia. Poles began regaining their national identity and rebuilding infrastructure throughout the state. The new republic was faced with the task of economically unifying disparate economic regions, which had previously been part of different countries with little or no direct infrastructural links. Poland maintained a steady level of economic development till 1939.

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After the war, Poland gained access to the Baltic coast and the government set about building its

flagship military and trade port in Gdynia By 1938 the port was operating 80% of Polish exports and 65% of Polish imports.

Within the borders of the Republic in 1918 were the remnants of three different economic systems, with five different currencies. Following the hyperinflation and monetary chaos of the years after World War I

the Polish zĹ&#x201A;oty was reintroduced as Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s currency in 1924.

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The war with Soviet Russia (1919-1920)

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Just a few years after regaining independence, Poland faced an onslaught from a Russian army intent on spreading its Bolshevik ideology westwards. The Battle of Warsaw, in which Poland emerged victorious, was called the 18th most-decisive battle in world history by renowned politician and the British ambassador in Berlin at the time, LordÂ Edgar Vincent Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Abernon.

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The spoils of war: Captured banners of the Red Army First Marshal

JĂłzef PiĹ&#x201A;sudski commander of Polish forces.

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World War II

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22 Sept. 1939 Red Army troops chatting with Wehrmacht soldiers World War II started in September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west, followed soon after by the Soviet Union from the east, in accordance with the RibbentropMolotov pact concerning the partition of Eastern Europe. Due to Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s geographical location between two totalitarian regimes, it was inevitable that the country would find itself in the middle of the global conflict, and suffered deeply with huge losses in population, wealth and infrastructure.

World War II has left Warsaw as a city of ruins.

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during a joint victory parade in the Polish town of BrzeĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; Litewski, where the two invading armies met.

16%

of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pre-war citizens have lost their lives in WWII (5.8 million people).

11 Feb. 1945 The Yalta conference, where the Big Three (UK, US and USSR) decided that post-war Poland would remain in the Soviet sphere of influence.

Under German occupation, 1.7 million Poles have been forcibly expelled from their hometowns in the process of ethnic cleansing of the Polish territory. Meanwhile, a few hundred thousands of those who felt under Soviet occupation have been deported deep into USRR.

Hundreds of thousands of Poles joined the many underground resistance movements, including 0.38 million in the Home Army, which was directed by the legal government-in-exile in London.

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Saving Jews from the Holocaust

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6,620 Polish men and women were recognized by Yad Vashem Institute in Jerusalem as

Righteous Among the Nations for saving Jews from extermination during World War II. That is the highest count of all nations represented by 26,120 people awarded with this title.

December 1942 2

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The 16 pages long report addressed by the Polish government-in-exile to its wartime allies was the earliest official account of the ongoingÂ Holocaust.

Before World War II, Poland's Jewish community accounted toÂ about 10 percent of the country's total population. In German-occupied Poland rescuing Jewish neighbors was especially difficult and dangerous. AllÂ household members were punished by death if a Jew was found concealed in their home or on their property. It is estimated that the number ofÂ Poles who were killed by the Nazis for aiding Jews was as high as tens of thousands.

JĂłzef and Wiktoria Ulma, executed on 24 March 1944 with their children for hiding Jewish families in their home. The Germans established six extermination camps throughout occupied Poland by 1942. Prior to that, a system of ghettos was imposed for the confinement of Jews. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest with 380,000 people crammed into an area of just 3.4 sq km.

"Ĺťegota"

was a codename for the Council to Aid Jews, an institution of the Polish underground state in German-occupied Poland active from 1942 to 1945. "Ĺťegota" was providing food, medical care, money and false identity documents to Polish Jews.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Ministry Republic of Poland

Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Republic of Poland (1945-1989)

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

After World War II Poland was left in the Soviet Unionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sphere ofÂ influence. ItÂ became its satellite state with a puppet regime and an ineffective centrally planned communist economy. Poles were oppressed by the state apparatus and their political and religious freedoms were restricted. Resistance to communistÂ rule was forcedÂ underground for the next 44 years.

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After WWII Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resistance fighters, known as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cursed soldiersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, carried out raids on communist prisons and encampments, killing scores of Soviet agents and freeing political prisoners. The last known â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cursed soldierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Â was killed in an ambush

WrocĹ&#x201A;aw, 9 May 1970. Celebrating of the 25th anniversary of the victory over Nazism.

as late as 1963,

almost 20 years after the Soviet takeover of Poland. Pictured is Captain StanisĹ&#x201A;aw SojczyĹ&#x201E;ski, captured and executed in 1947.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Ministry Republic of Poland

The Polish Pope (1978)

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

On 16 October 1978, to the surprise of the world, the Polish Cardinal Karol WojtyĹ&#x201A;a was announced as the new Pope. Taking the papal name John Paul II, he was immediately made it into the hearts of the Polish people as the real leader of the nation. His visits to his homeland attracted vast crowds, eager to take hope and inspiration from his words and example. Not long after his first visit in 1979, the first independent trade union in the Eastern Bloc was established. This was the beginning of the end for communism in Europe.

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John Paul II was head of the Catholic Church from 16 October 1978 to his death in 2005. He was the third longestserving pope in history and, as a Pole, the first non-Italian since Pope Adrian VI, who died in 1523.

John Paul II encouraged Poles to renew their homeland and opened the door to a peaceful revolution under the banner of the SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; trade union, which eventually led the country to freedom in 1989. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HISTORY UNTIL 1989

Fall of communism (1989)

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Economic turmoil in Poland in 1980 led to the formation ofÂ the independent trade union, SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; (Eng: Solidarity). HeadedÂ by Lech WaĹ&#x201A;Ä&#x2122;sa, itÂ soon became a political force. AfterÂ Martial Law was declared in December 1981, the trade union persisted solely as an underground organization. ByÂ the late 1980s, it had become sufficiently strong to frustrate the communist authoritiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; attempts at reform, and nationwide strikes in 1988 forced the government into open dialogue with Solidarity. This resulted in a peaceful transfer of power, the first free elections in the Eastern Bloc and eventually theÂ transition to a liberal democracy and free-market economy.

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The famous â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;High Noonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 1989 election poster

5 Apr. 1989 Round Table talks Negotiations between the communist government and the opposition led to the first democratic elections in the Eastern Bloc and a peaceful transfer of power.

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POLANDโ S TRANSFORMATION

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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It was no foregone conclusion that Poland would become a successful economy. In fact the odds were stacked heavily against it. The road has not been easy, there have been many obstacles along the way, but it has now emerged as the most successful post-communist economy in the world. It is a vibrant democracy and a key partner in the European Union. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

The road to democracy

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

The far-reaching economic and social changes that have taken place in Poland since the 1970s have come about through a combination of many factors; growing social unrest, the rise of the trade union, the fall of the Soviet Union, and ultimately a strong national character prevalent throughout Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s road to democracy.

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1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2017

Edward Gierek, the First Secretary of the Polish United Workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Party, racks up an unsustainable debt to the West.

The crisis grows and with it the number of protests. An independent trade union known as SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; (Eng: Solidarity) becomes the main force behind the protests. An increasing number of workers and intellectuals join Solidarity. At its height the trade union numbers 10 million members.

Poland begins its democracy. The communist party is dissolved and media censorship ends. The Red Army leaves Poland.

Poland joins the European Union in 2004.

Poland is a stable democracy with a developped free market, a reliable member of the international community and is playing an increasingly important role in the region.

An unproductive centrally planned economy is unable to handle the debt payments.

In the face of social opposition and a deepening economic crisis, theÂ troubled communists begin theÂ famous Round Table Talks.

The spiral of debt leads the country into an economic crisis. Basic As a result, in 1989, the goods start disappearing firstÂ democratic elections from store shelves. inÂ theÂ Eastern Bloc take place. PolandÂ enters the path to reform.

As a result of the reforms, theÂ centrally-planned economy is replaced by a free market. Foreign debt is restructured. Privatisation begins. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is launched. The crisis ends in 1992. From then on Poland enjoys uninterrupted economic growth, continuing till this day.

After the global financial crisis begins in 2008, Poland is the only EU country which does not experience a single quarter of decline in GDP. It is proclaimed internationally as an economic â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;green islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

In 1997, a new constitution is passed. In 1999, Poland joins NATO.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; trade union

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

10 million members

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August 1980. Strike in the GdaĹ&#x201E;sk shipyard that eventually led to the birth of the SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; movement.

80% of the total working age population, in contrast to two million members of the communist party.

SolidarnoĹ&#x203A;Ä&#x2021; (Eng: Solidarity) was an independent trade union founded on 31 August 1980 at the GdaĹ&#x201E;sk shipyard, asÂ aÂ result of the economic crisis. It was the first independent trade union in the Eastern Bloc. It soon became the leading communist opposition-force inÂ Poland with members totalling 1/4 of the entire population. In 1983 its charismatic leader, Lech WaĹ&#x201A;Ä&#x2122;sa, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

Martial law (1981-1983)

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

10,000

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opposition members detained.

The communist government attempted to destroy Solidarity by declaring it illegal and imposing martial law on 13 December 1981. The army was ordered onto the streets, detaining around 10,000 opposition members, and a campaign of political repression was carried out across the country. Solidarity adopted a policy of civil resistance, bringing the nation to a standstill, which only deepened the economic crisis. Unable to control the situation, the regime was eventually forced to negotiate with the union.

people are confirmed to have died due to police action during theÂ strikes and demonstrations, though the figure may be much higher.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

Ministry Republic of Poland

First democratic elections in the Eastern Bloc (1989)

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

The Round Table talks between the communist government and the Solidarity-led opposition resulted in the first democratic parliamentary elections in the Eastern Bloc. By the end of August 1989, a Solidarity-led coalition government was formed under Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, and in December 1990 Lech WaĹ&#x201A;Ä&#x2122;sa was elected President of Poland. TheÂ country soon changed its name from the Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Republic of Poland to the Republic of Poland and theÂ crown onÂ the national emblemÂ wasÂ reintroduced.

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The country not only adopted a democratic parliamentary system, but also changed its official name from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Republic of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Republic of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as well as gave back the national emblem its traditional pre-war royal crown.

The famous â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;High Noonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 1989 elections poster.

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

Red Army withdrawal (1991-1993)

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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59 Following the 1945 expulsion of the Nazis by the Soviet army, Â the latter remained inÂ PolandÂ forÂ decades toÂ enforce communist rule and protect Eastern Europe from a supposed potential invasion by the West. Forty-eight years later, upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, Red Army units began withdrawing from Poland. The last Soviet soldier left the country in the autumn of 1993.

Soviet garrisons were positioned around the country

58,000 Soviet soldiers were based in Poland at the beginning of 1991

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

Dramatic contrast

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

The ineffective communist economy was often called the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;shortage economyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. TheÂ centrally controlled supply of goods was never able to fulfil demand. Compared to the free market, it resulted in low-quality production and a constant lack of products. The innate entrepreneurship of the Polish people soon became the foundation of a young economy.

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2017

Average grocery in Poland

1981 Average grocery in Poland

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TRANSFORMATION

Revitalising Polish cities

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Polish cities have changed immeasurably over the last decades. Warsaw has been transformed from aÂ dull, underâ&#x20AC;&#x2018;developed city to theÂ vibrant capital of Central Europe, theÂ regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s undisputedÂ politicalÂ and economic hub.

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1981 Warsaw city centre

2017 Warsaw city centre

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POLAND’S TRANSFORMATION

European growth leader

Ministry

70.1%

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Poland:

cumulative GDP growth 2002-2016

Republic of Poland

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Poland joins the EU

European Union 28:

19.5%

Poland has changed significantly since it joined the European Union in 2004. It is now one of the major players in the bloc. Poles are also consistently among the nations with the highest support for the EU. Public opinion polls from june 2017 show that 88 percent of the nation supports EU membership with only 9 percent being against it.

cumulative GDP growth 2002-2016

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s achievements in education bode well for the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future. The progress of the past 20 years has impressed international educational experts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in many respects Poland has not onlyÂ caught up to, but has exceeded more developed nations. PolishÂ students regularly score highly in international comparisons. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Education

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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By 2016 81,1% of Polish children aged 3-5 were enroled in pre-primary education.

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In 2016, total expenditure (public and private) on educational instutions from primary to tertiary grade 71

was equal to 4.7% of Poland 's GDP or

After years of communism, inÂ theÂ 1990s Poland had to adjust its educational system to the new conditions. AÂ newÂ government strategy focused on raising secondary andÂ higher education qualifications, ensuring equal educational opportunities and improving the general quality of education. According to aÂ recent OECD report, Poland isÂ now one of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leaders inÂ school performance and other countries may have something to learn from Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s example.

$22 bn (in current dollars)

88.8% of this sum was public expenditure.

InÂ the last PISA 2015 survey conducted by the OECD among secondary school students in 65 countries, Poland ranked:

14th in mathematics, 9th in sciences 10th in reading comprehension.

91.3 percent of Poles aged 25-64 attained at least upper secondary education, compared with anÂ OECD average of 78%. (as of 2016) By 2017 there were

By 2017 there were

2.3 million primary school students

2.2 million secondary school students

Average class size in primary education: 19 OECD average: 21 (as of 2016)

Average class size in secondary education: 22 OECD average: 23 (as of 2016)

Ratio of students to teachers in primary education: 11 OECD average: 15 (as of 2016)

Ratio of students to teachers in secondary education: 10 OECD average: 13 (as of 2016)

Polish student engineer success stories: Magma: Built by a team from the BiaĹ&#x201A;ystok University of Technology, this spiderylooking robot took third place in the University Rover Challenge in 2010 and won it in 2011. Husar: Built by a team from the Warsaw University of Technology, the machine is a prototype of a device that might, in the future, assist lunar astronauts by mining lunar dust. PW-Sat: Built by a team from the Warsaw University of Technology, this small satellite was conceived to test technologies useful for clearing space debris from the orbit. It became the first Polish satellite in orbit on 13 February 2012.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Higher education 91.3 % 6.5%

By 2016 there were

Ministry

1.34 mn students 0.36 mn new graduates

Republic of Poland

of 1Poles 25-64 2 Black 80% attained C0 M100 Y100aged K5 Pantone 485 C Pantone 425 C at least upper secondary R186 G0 B31 Web R102 G102 B102 Web R204 G0 B51 71 education. OECD average: 78%. (as of 2016)

The number of Poles in higher education is growing. By 2016 within the 25-34 age group, 43.5Â percent holded a universitylevel degree, which is higher than the OECD average. Tertiary education increases theÂ likelihood of being employed: 87.5 percent of 25-64 year-olds with a tertiary education were employed in 2016, compared with 68.4 percent of those with an upper secondary qualification.

of Poles aged 25-64 attained a Bachelor's tertiary education degree. OECD average: 16.3%. (as of 2016)

Following the Bologna Process, upon matriculation, standard higher education in Poland consists of a 3-year bachelor's course, aÂ 2-year master's course and a 4-year PhD course.

enrolled in tertiary education and

in Poland.

0.5%

21.6%

of Poles aged 25-64 attained a Doctoral tertiary education degree. OECD average: 1%. (as of 2016)

of Poles aged 25-64 attained a Master's tertiary education degree. OECD average: 11.9%. (as of 2016)

0 years

5 years

3 years

bachelor's course

2 years

master's course

9 years

4 years

PhD course

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s top universities

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland By September 2017 there were

521 1

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institutions of tertiary education in Poland. 71

The highest rated among them are the Univeristy of Warsaw and the Jagiellonian University in Cracow.

University of Warsaw

The reputation and standard of Polish universities is rising, both as a result of over a decade of concerted effort and improvements in the economic environment.

Jagiellonian University in Cracow

301-400

Academic Ranking of World Universities (2017)

Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking (2018)

501-600

Times Higher Education World University Ranking (2018)

359th US News and World Report (2017)

Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (2017)

401-500

461-470

601-800

388th

435th

Academic Ranking of World Universities (2017)

411-420

Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking (2018)

Times Higher Education World University Ranking (2018)

US News and World Report (2017)

402nd

Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (2017)

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

International education

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland Foreign students by fields of education (as of 2016):

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By 2016 there were

65,000 foreign students

Business and Administration: 16,600 Social sciences: 11,700 Medical sciences: 8,900 IT technologies: 4,400 Linguistics: 3,300 Engineering: 2,500 Fine arts: 2,300 Journalism: 1,600 Natural sciences: 1,000

The Erasmus Programme Erasmus is a European Union student exchange programme established in 1987. Poland joined it in 1998. Since then, the programme has seen almost 100,000 foreign students study in Poland while over 200,000 students from Poland have spent a portion of their education in another EU country.

enrolled in tertiary education in Poland

Polish universities offer high quality studies and are an integral part of European education. All leading universities offer programmes taught in English, including medicine, engineering, humanities, business and finance. Thanks to the ECTS (European Credit Transfer System), students can be fully mobile and continue their education in other countries.

compared to 57,000 in 2015 36,000 in 2014, 29,000 in 2013 and 24,000 in 2012.

Ukrainian students: 35,500 Belarusian students: 5,100 Indian students: 2,100 Spanish students: 1,600 Norwegian students: 1,500 Swedish students: 1,200 German students: 1,100 (as of 2016)

By 2016 foreign students accounted for

According to governmental aims, by the year 2020

of all tertiary education students in Poland

of all tertiary education students should be from abroad.

2.6% 5%

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Historical background

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s traditions of academic education go back to 1364 when King Casimir the Great established the Jagiellonian University, the second in Central Europe (Charles University in Prague being the first). By the end of the 17th century, theÂ PolishLithuanian Commonwealth had three flourishing universities providing academic education to both national and international students, the other twoÂ being the Vilnius University and the Lviv University.

1110

1364

1747

1773

The first record of a library in Poland.

Foundation of the Jagiellonian University. First in Poland, second in Central Europe.

ZaĹ&#x201A;uski Library, the first Polish public library, one of the first in Europe.

Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, the first Ministry of Education in history.

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Official inauguration of the

650th academic year of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Ministry Republic of Poland

Famous Polish scientists and innovators

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Innovation has always played anÂ important role in Polish science. The first walkietalkie was invented by a Polish engineer, Henryk Magnuski in 1940. The bulletproof vest, based on silk fabric, was invented by Kazimierz ĹťegleĹ&#x201E; and Jan Szczepanik. TheÂ common paper clip, windscreen wiper and pneumatic shock absorber for cars and aircraft were the works of Polish artist, virtuoso and composer, JĂłzef Hofmann. However, certainly amongst the many Polish innovators, Nicolas Copernicus and Maria SkĹ&#x201A;odowÂ ska-Curie are the best known and most respected globally.

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Nicolas Copernicus

Maria SkĹ&#x201A;odowska-Curie

Outstanding astronomer, born in ToruĹ&#x201E;, Poland. HeÂ was the first to develop the theory that the Earth and other planets move around the Sun. His book, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheresâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, was a major event in the history of science.

The famous physicist, twice winner of the Nobel Prize (for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911). Together with her husband Pierre Curie she discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium in 1898.

(1473-1543)

(1867-1934)

Kazimierz Funk (1884-1967)

Jan Czochralski

Biochemist who is credited with being the first to formulate the concept of vitamins. He identified the dietary factors the lack of which cause â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;deficiency disordersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, designating them as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;vitaminsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This name was accepted by the scientific community in 1912.

Chemist who started the 20th century revolution in electronics. Thanks to him, scientists are able toÂ grow pure single crystals of silicon and semiconductor wafers â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Â the basis of all transistors and modern microprocessors.

(1885-1953)

Aleksander Wolszczan (born 1946)

Leading astronomer, professor at the UniversityÂ ofÂ Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, he also cooperates with ToruĹ&#x201E; University. In 1990 he was the first to prove the existence of another planetary system in the Universe apart from our own solar system.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

R&D sector in Poland

Ministry

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Poland ranked 38th

2 Black 80% In 2015, total private expenditure on Pantone 425 C Web R102 G102 B102 innovative business solutions accounted for 71 1

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$11.2 billion

in Bloomberg's Global Innovation Index 2017.

(in current dollars)

As the current economic growth model is weakening, Poland has to find new ways to keep its economy competitive, and innovation is key to this. According to Frost & Sullivanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Country Industry Forecast, Poland is becoming a very attractive location for research and development investments. Companies are choosing Poland because of the availability of a highly qualified labour force, the presence of universities, the support of authorities, and the largest market in Central Europe.

Polish patent applications to the European Patent Office in 2014: In 2015, total expenditure (public and private) on R&D amounted to

1% of GDP or $4.7 billion (in current dollars)

609 By the end of 2015

109,000 people were employed in the research and development sector in Poland.

In 2015 high technology products accounted for

8.5% of Poland's export

Aviation Valley is an aviation R&D cluster located in southeastern Poland. The Aviation Valley Association currently comprises over 100 aerospace companies cooperating with Polish universities of technology and public institutions. So far investors include Sikorski Aircraft, Agusta Westland, Siemens, Goodrich, Pratt & Whitney, Hispano Suiza, MTU Aero Engines, Carl Zeiss.

25,000

current employment in the cluster.

$3 bn

of yearly exports by the companies grouped in the cluster.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Ministry Republic of Poland

Latest achievements of Polish science

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For several years after World War II, dialogue and relations between Polish researchers and the global scientific community suffered considerably. However, after the political transition of 1989, Poles set about modernizing the economy and the research sector with much enthusiasm. Recent Polish achievements in the field of innovative technologies offer reason for optimism.

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Graphene, a revolution in manufacturing Recent discoveries by scientists from Warsaw may revolutionize the computer market. Graphene, an ultra-thin allotrope of carbon with extraordinary conducting and mechanical properties, has so far been too expensive in production to be applied commercially. This barrier was recently overcome by Polish scientists who hold the patent for a production method cheap enough to enable mass industrial application.

Artificial blood to help road traffic casualties and people awaiting a transplant

A groundbreaking method of manufacturing unique quantum dots

The invention created at the Warsaw UniversityÂ of Technology mimics the mostÂ important function of blood consisting inÂ carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. TheÂ synthetic blood cells are even more efficientÂ gas carriers thanÂ natural erythrocytes. The synthetic blood has no types and therefore, itÂ isÂ universal and may be given to any patient.

Quantum dots are semi semiconductor materials of nanoscale size. Their unique optical and electronic features are used in many applications, from cutting-edge displays to medical imaging. Scientists from the Polish Academy of Sciences have recently found a new simple and effecitve method of manufacturing quantum dots, which enables further modifications of their functionalities.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Ministry

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Poland is a significant contributor to the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural heritage. ItsÂ art, music and literature are rooted in the Christian tradition and have developed in line with major European trends, while maintaining a unique Polish character. ForÂ centuries Polish culture hasÂ been intertwined with the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s turbulent history and changingÂ geography. As aÂ result, some of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest masterpiecesÂ were created outside its current borders. Today Polish influences are foundÂ across aÂ wide array of arts, from literature, through design, to film. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Contemporary success

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Poland's place between the East and the West as well as its historical experience have developed a specific sensibility reflected in the distinctive flavour of Polish art. That sensibility can be felt across all fields of artistic expression and became Poland's trademark in the world of arts. Polish artists have their own significant share in the contemporary cultural heritage. Many of them became widely recognized icons in their respective areas of expression.

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film direction: Andrzej Wajda Recipient of an Honorary Oscar and the Palme d'Or, Andrzej Wajda was a prominent member of the Polish Film School. HeÂ was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A Generationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (1954), â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;KanaĹ&#x201A;â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (1956) and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ashes and Diamondsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (1958). Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;TheÂ Promised Landâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (1975), â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;TheÂ Maids of Wilkoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (1979), â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ManÂ ofÂ Iron" (1981) and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;KatyĹ&#x201E;â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (2007).

painting: Wilhelm Sasnal Sasnal's works are inspired by everyday life and the mass media. He interprets reality in a personal and often private way, creating expressive images which leave lasting impressions. Since attracting international attention in the late 90s, Sasnal has consolidated his reputation as one of the world's most important painters of his generation. In November 2006 the artist received the prestigious Vincent Van Gogh Award.

modern art: MirosĹ&#x201A;aw BaĹ&#x201A;ka BaĹ&#x201A;ka is one of the leading contemporary sculptors and video artists in the world today. His works have been displayed at numerous exhibitions, and are also to be found in prestigious museum collections worldwide including: Hirshhorn Museum, Washington DC; MOCA, Los Angeles; MOMA, New York; Museu Serralves, Porto; SFMOMA, San Francisco; Tate Modern, London; The Art Institute, Chicago; The National Museum of Art, Osaka; Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven.

literature: StanisĹ&#x201A;aw Lem An internationally acclaimed science fiction writer, StanisĹ&#x201A;aw Lem is best known for â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Solarisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, aÂ story set on a research station in orbit around a mysterious planet. The book was later made into a Hollywood film directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring George Clooney. Lemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s writing is wryly comic and largely allegorical. HisÂ books have been translated into more than 40 languages, selling close to 30 million copies.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Ministry Republic of Poland

The coming of age of Polish literature

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Polish literature can trace itsÂ origins to the 10th and 11th centuries and includes historical and religious texts written inÂ Latin. The development ofÂ the literary tradition in Polish is linked to MikoĹ&#x201A;aj Rej, who was the first author to write exclusively in his native language. Often referred to as the father ofÂ Polish literature, Rej paved theÂ way for Jan Kochanowski, who strengthened this commitment to the Polish language and is considered one of the greatest poets prior to the 19th century.

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MikoĹ&#x201A;aj Rej

Jan Kochanowski

1505-1569 The first Polish author to write exclusively in Polish. Considered to be one of the founders of Polish literary language and literature.

1530-1584 Commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet prior to the 19th century.

Rejâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ZwierciadĹ&#x201A;oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (latin. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Speculumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;), 1567

Kochanowskiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Odprawa PosĹ&#x201A;Ăłw Greckichâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Eng: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Dismissal of the Greek Envoysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;), 1578

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

The famous

Early days of theatre and cinema

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1894 71

First Polish movie camera, the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Pleographâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, patented by Kazimierz PrĂłszyĹ&#x201E;ski before the Lumiere brothers' invention.

Polish drama dates back to the 12th century, when it featured religious scenes performed by monks. In the 17th century, Poland welcomed performances by visiting European actors andÂ the 18th century saw the establishment of Polish public theatre, initiated by King StanisĹ&#x201A;aw August Poniatowski. Just over a hundred years later, Poland saw the birth of its native film industry when the first cinema, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Gabinet Iluzjiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, was opened in the city of Ĺ ĂłdĹş by the KrzemiĹ&#x201E;ski brothers in 1899.

Warner Brothers Studios were founded in 1903 in Los Angeles by the Wonsal brothers, a family of Polish Jews that had emigrated a few years earlier.

1899

Establishment of the first cinema in Poland.

Grand Theatre and National Opera in Warsaw The Grand Theatre in Warsaw, built in 1833 by Antonio Corazzi, has a capacity of over 2,000 seats and is officially one of the largestÂ theatresÂ in Europe. Here seen in a photo from 1900.

1902

First Polish narrative movie: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Return of a Merry Fellowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Spotlight on music

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Through the centuries Polish music was afforded greater freedom to develop than the other arts. It originates from the folk rhythms and melodies adapted for performances in the homes ofÂ gentry. The composer who took Polish music to the international salons, and has become the most famous Polish musician of all time, was Fryderyk Chopin. Considered by many the embodiment of Polishness, Chopin spent most of his adult life abroad. Other famous composers of the same era include Ignacy Paderewski and StanisĹ&#x201A;aw Moniuszko.

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Fryderyk Chopin 1810-1849 Chopin grew up in Warsaw, where he completed his musical education and composed many of his works before leaving Poland, aged 20. Here pictured shortly before his death in Paris in 1849.

other famous Polish composers:

Ignacy Paderewski 1860-1941

Rare autographed musical quotation signed by Fryderyk Chopin: Op. 53 Polonaise

StanisĹ&#x201A;aw Moniuszko 1819-1872

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Spotlight on art

Ministry

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Poland in the pre-war period was one of the most dynamic centres of avant-garde in Europe, with artists such as WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw StrzemiĹ&#x201E;ski, Katarzyna Kobro, Henryk StaĹźewski and Henryk Berlewi. After the war, and until 1956, Polish art was dominated by ideologically inspired Social Realism. One of the first artists of the new avant-garde was the internationally acclaimed Tadeusz Kantor, a painter and theatre performer. Today, big Polish names inÂ theÂ contemporary art market include Zbigniew Libera, MirosĹ&#x201A;aw BaĹ&#x201A;ka, PaweĹ&#x201A; Althamer, Wilhelm Sasnal, Katarzyna Kozyra and others.

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1930 one of worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first contemporary art museums opens in the city of Ĺ ĂłdĹş.

The abstract sculptures of

Katarzyna Kobro

The paintings of

Tamara Ĺ empicka (1898-1980) are recognised as important contributions to the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Art Deco heritage.

The giant of painting

Kazimir Malevich

(1879-1935), was born to Polish parents.

(1898-1951) are some of the greatest examples of Polish Constructivism. The conceptual approach to time flow by

Roman OpaĹ&#x201A;ka

(1931-2011) has been recognised by the renowned Centre Pompidou in Paris and NewÂ Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MOMA and now features in their permanent collections. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Spotlight on literature

Ministry 2

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Poland has made a significant contribution to World literature, with many works recognised internationally. However, these are just the tip of the iceberg: there is an enormous body of writing exploring the essence of Polishness, across a variety of genres, which is considered by many as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;untranslatableâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Four Polish writers have been awarded the Nobel prize for literature: Henryk Sienkiewicz, WĹ&#x201A;adysĹ&#x201A;aw Reymont, CzesĹ&#x201A;aw MiĹ&#x201A;osz and WisĹ&#x201A;awa Szymborska.

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Ryszard KapuĹ&#x203A;ciĹ&#x201E;ski 10 Dec. 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature Laureate

WisĹ&#x201A;awa Szymborska Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) was born in Poland as JĂłzef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski. The Oscar-awarded film â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Apocalypse Nowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was based on his novel.

Science fiction author

(1932-2007) was a Polish journalist and writer whose dispatches in book form brought him global recognition

StanisĹ&#x201A;aw Lem (1921-2006) has had his works translated into dozens of languages.

(1923-2012) acknowledges the applause during the award ceremony that took place in the Grand Auditorium of the Stockholm Concert Hall in the presence of Swedish King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Polish School of Posters

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Beginning in the 1950s and through the 1980s, the Polish School of Posters combined the aesthetics of painting with the succinctness and simple metaphor of the poster. Posters of the Polish School of Posters significantly influenced the international development ofÂ graphic design in poster art. Their major contribution is in their use of the power of suggestion through clever allusions. Using strong and vivid colors from folk art, they combine printed slogans, often hand-lettered, with popular symbols, to create a concise inventive metaphor. Prominent contributors included Henryk Tomaszewski, Jan Lenica, Jan MĹ&#x201A;odoĹźeniec, and Waldemar Ĺ&#x161;wierzy.

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The Polish School of Posters combined the aesthetics of painting with the succinctness and simple metaphor of the poster

The Poster Museum in Warsaw houses the largest collection of art posters in the world.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE

Eye on architecture

Ministry

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Republic of Poland Designed by the late Stefan KuryĹ&#x201A;owicz (1948-2011),

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history has not been kind to its architecture. Many buildings and structures were ruined by wars or by neglect during the communist regime. Recent years have seen a great deal of revitalisation ofÂ urban areas across Poland, with Warsaw becoming the largest construction site in Central and Eastern Europe. Architects of world renown such as SirÂ Norman Foster, Polish-born Daniel Liebeskind, Helmut Jahn or Skidmore, Owings & Merrill are building high-rises in Poland. Meanwhile, local architects such as Stefan KuryĹ&#x201A;owicz, JEMS or WWAA are Â also building their reputations with their contribution to Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban landscape.

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Plac Unii in central Warsaw was completed after the architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s death.

Warsaw is the largest real estate market in the CEE region. The level of new investments is turning the city into a potential destination for architectourism.

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Main festivals

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Open'er Festival 1

For about 30 years after its establishment in 1960, the Sopot Music Festival was Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main event attracting international artists. However, much has changed since then: Poland has now developed a rich tradition of cultural festivals taking place throughout the year, many attracting international performers and audiences. There are events dedicated to virtually all types of culture including film, design, dance and music, making Poland an important destination on the cultural map of Europe.

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Begun in 2002, it brings the world's top musical acts to Poland's seaside city of Gdynia.

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The International Chopin Festival has taken place every August since 1946 in the historic spa town of Duszniki-ZdrĂłj. The town is close to the Czech border, where Chopin spent some recuperative time in 1826 and gave recitals to raise money for local orphans.

Since 1992

Warsaw Summer Jazz Days has attracted world-class performers and promotes contemporary jazz.

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Ministry Republic of Poland

WrocĹ&#x201A;aw: European Capital of Culture 2016

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The International Festival Wratislavia Cantans Every year two EU cities are appointed as European Capitals of Culture. Throughout the whole year cities hosting that title organize a rich variety ofÂ cultural events with aÂ strongÂ European dimension intended toÂ build a shared identity between EUÂ member states. WrocĹ&#x201A;aw has been chosen as one of the two European Capitals of Culture 2016. That is an opportunity for the city to change its image and raise its visibility on an international scale.

365 days 400 projects 1,000 cultural events 8 curators in various fields of culture including: architecture, film, literature, music, visual arts, theatre, performance and opera.

is one of the most important European events in the field of classical music.

The European Capitals of Culture initiative is designed to: Highlight the richness and diversity of cultures in Europe Celebrate the cultural features Europeans share Increase European citizens' sense of belonging to a common cultural area Foster the contribution of culture to the development of cities

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

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Poland has some of the most beautiful and diverse natural landscapes in Europe. These include mountain ranges, thousands of lakes, a stunning coastline of sandy beaches, ancient forests and even a desert. Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landscape sustains rich fauna, abundant in rare species of birds and mammals. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s geography

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Poland has a total land area of

312,679 km2 Poland lies on the European Plain between the Baltic Sea in the north and the Sudetes and Carpathian mountains,Â forming a natural border inÂ the south. Its neighbouring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, and Russia and Lithuania to the north-east. Poland has a temperate climate influenced both by the wet oceanic wind that blows from the west and the dry continental wind that blows from the east.

It is ninth in terms of size among the 43 countries in Europe.

91%

of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area is covered by lowlands. The rest is 300 m above sea level, with only 0.2% found above 1,000 m. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fauna

there are

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23 national parks in Poland.

Republic of Poland By 2016 forests covered about

30.8% 1

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Eurasian lynx

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of Poland's area, compared to 20.8% in 1945.

Grey wolf Moose

Poland is home to many species of mammals which are relatively rare in the rest of Europe. This means that when hiking through the hills or rummaging in the forest, one might bump into one of the animals pictured opposite.

European bison

Brown bear

Many animals that have nearly become extinct in other parts of Europe still survive in Poland. These include the wisent, also known as the European bison, theÂ Eurasian lynx, and the moose.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

The Tatra mountains

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2,499 m 71

The highest point in Poland is the Rysy peak in the Tatras.

The largest lake in the Tatra mountains is Morskie Oko (Eye of the Sea). It spans an area of

34.9 ha The Tatras are the highest mountain range in Poland, andÂ theÂ highest sub-range of the Carpathian Mountains. Forming a natural border between Poland and Slovakia, theÂ TatrasÂ span an area of 785 km2, of which 175 km2 lies in Poland. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDโ S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

The Masurian lakes

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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The Masurian Lake District in northeastern Poland counts around

2,000 lakes on an area of about 52,000 km2.

The Masurian Lake District is a popular tourist destination frequented by lovers of the great outdoors. The most abundant activities include birdwatching, fishing, sailing, canoeing, horse riding and cycling.

The largest lake in Poland is ล niardwy, with an area of

113.8 km

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

The Baltic coast

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

A distinctive part of the coast is the Hel Peninsula, a 35km-long strip of land separating the Bay of Puck from the Baltic Sea.

Republic of Poland

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The coast stretches

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770 km

The Baltic Sea constitutes Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s northern border, providing access to the Atlantic Ocean. Polish tourists flock to the coastal sandy beaches every summer. Many stay in the Tri-City region of GdaĹ&#x201E;sk, Gdynia and Sopot. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

The SĹ&#x201A;owiĹ&#x201E;ski National Park

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Republic of Poland

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40 m is the height of the biggest dunes in the park.

The national park spans

327 km2 During World War II, the German Afrika Korps trained there before being deployed to North Africa.

The most impressive feature of theÂ Polish coast are the sand dunes of SĹ&#x201A;owiĹ&#x201E;ski National Park, which are gradually eating up theÂ forest that stands in their path. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

Biebrza National Park

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Biebrza National Park is home to some

270

bird species 1

Biebrza National Park is the largest of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 23 national parks. It is most famous for its huge variety of birds. TheÂ park attracts birdwatchers and nature lovers from all over the world and is classified as an area of international importance by global ornithological watchdog BirdLife International.

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The area is famous for having more than 1,000 types of plants including many rare species.

Biebrza National Park covers an area of

59,223 ha All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa forest

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Republic of Poland

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The oldest oaks in this primaeval forest are

650 years old

Scientists estimate that only some 50% of the fauna in BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa forest has been catalogued.

BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa National Park is the last fragment of the primaeval forest which once stretched across the European plain. It is home to the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest population of European bison and many other endangered species.

12,000 species have been categorized so far.

The BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa National Park spans an area of

BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa forest became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979.

105 km2

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LANDSCAPE AND WILDLIFE

European bison

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Republic of Poland

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The bison is the biggest surviving 2 Black 80% Pantone 425 C wild land animal in Europe. It typically grows Web R102 G102 B102 to from about712.2 to 3 metres long and 1.4 to 1.9 metres tall. Bison in BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa forest sometimes weigh as much as

920 kg

Most bison in Poland live in BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa Forest. The total population country-wide is about

1,300

For centuries the european bison thrived under the safeguard of Polish kings, whoÂ protected BiaĹ&#x201A;owieĹźa forest, the bison's refuge, asÂ aÂ royal hunting ground. Almost driven to extinction at the beginning of 20th century, the european bison has been successfully reintroduced and became a national symbol. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

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Polish cuisine has been reborn. Poles who chose Western food at the beginning of the transformation are now rediscovering the original tastes of Poland and seasoning it with creativity. Polish produce is refreshingly natural and seasonal, full of flavour, having grown from what the land has to offer, both farmed and wild. Through the centuries it has incorporated influences from both minority populations within the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bordersÂ and from its neighbours. This fusion of tradition, innovation andÂ quality makes todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Polish cuisine delicious and inspiring. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

A culinary blend of cultures

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Cracow September 1364 The famous 21-day-long banquet at the house of the merchant MikoĹ&#x201A;aj Wierzynek, initiated by King Casimir III the Great of Poland to mark a meeting of European monarchs. The feast is now a synonym of indulgence in Poland. Here seen in a painting by BronisĹ&#x201A;aw Abramowicz (1876), the Wierzynek restaurant still exists today.

Polish cuisine is as rich as its history and culture. As its borders have shifted over the centuries, so it has incorporated and absorbed the influences of its neighbours, including Russian, German, Austrian, Jewish, French and Lithuanian.

The oldest Polish culinary book is dated to 1682 All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

A modern take

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Republic of Poland

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53 Polish restaurants are featured in the 2017 edition of Michelin's guide.

Two of them hold a Michelin star A new generation of Polish chefs is re-interpreting traditional Polish dishes. ThisÂ 21st-century take on classic Polish cuisine even has a name: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;MoPoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Modern Polish). The movement is driven by old-fashioned patriotism, taking the best from its Polish roots, and adding aÂ lighter modern touch, using fresh ingredients sourced locally and experimenting with international influences.

Kashi While a traditional Polish specialty, groats (kasza) have been given aÂ modern fusion twist by chef Andrzej Zamoyski, who has created and patented a Polish version of sushi called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;kashiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, using groats instead of rice.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

A rich variety of regional traditions

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Thanks to regional variations and specialities, as well as the heritage of its nobility, Poland hasÂ aÂ rich food culture. In the south, where the climate is rougher, the food is based on simple, filling dishes. In MaĹ&#x201A;opolska you can feel the Austrian influence, and in Podlasie the culinary traditions from its eastern neighbours are tangible. Thanks to its access to the sea, northern Poland is rich in fish dishes of many different forms. Mazowsze, with Warsaw at its heart, is known for its Old Polish cuisine. This is because in the times of Kingdom of Poland (1815-1867) the region guarded the traditions of the country.

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Podlasie

Mazowsze

SÄ&#x2122;kacz is a type of cake made from a base of eggs, flour and sugar which resembles a bee hive and, when cut, looks like a slice of a tree trunk.

Baked duck, often cooked with apples placed inside, and marjoram.

Silesia Silesian potato dumpling with a hole in the middle, usually served with meat and sauce.

Cracow Bagel, a bread of Jewish origin, believed to have originated in KrakĂłw.

Kujawy Czarnina, a dark soup made of duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s blood with a sweet and sour taste from a balance of sugar and vinegar.

Pomorze Smoked eel and herring, often served in oil and chopped onion as a starter, best accompanied with a good Polish vodka!

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

EU protected specialities

Ministry

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

For those who love traditional foods, Poland offers a huge variety of products to delight the palate. The country has aÂ total of 44 regional specialities which are protected under EU schemes as Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG). The list includes several varieties of cheeses and sausages as well as regional pastries, and specially grown beans, honeys, apples and strawberries.

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oscypek This delicious smoked cheese made of salted sheep's milk according to a centuries-old recipe, is a famous product of Poland's mountain regions in the south. The first mention of this type of cheese in Poland goes all the way back to 1416.

rogal Ĺ&#x203A;wiÄ&#x2122;tomarciĹ&#x201E;ski Roughly translated as 'Saint Martin's Croissant', this sweet, stuffed croissant originates from PoznaĹ&#x201E; and is traditionally eaten around the feast of Saint Martin of Tours on 11 November. The first mention of the name dates back to a newspaper ad in 1860.

kabanos A long, thin, dry sausage made of pork that is popular throughout Poland. The sausage is typically smoky in flavour and can be soft or dry depending on how fresh it is. It is generally not eaten as a main course, but usually alone or as an appetizer.

mead Four kinds of Polish mead (alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey) have protected designations: PĂłĹ&#x201A;torak, DwĂłjniak, TrĂłjniak and CzwĂłrniak. The drink has been prepared in Poland since the very beginnings of its history. Spanish diplomats in the 10th century wrote about the country's delicious mead.

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

The horn of plenty

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland Agricultural production (as of 2016): By 2016

Poland has always been an agricultural country. Even its name is derived from the Polish word â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;poleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; meaning â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fieldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Nowadays over one third of its total land area is taken up by growing cereals, fruits and vegetables.

10.6 mln ha of land in Poland were used for agricultural production. C0 M100 Y100 K5 Pantone 485 C R186 G0 B31 Web R204 G0 B51

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Cereals: 29.8 mln t Sugar beet: 13.5 mln t Potatoes: 8.6 mln t Fruits: 4.6 mln t Other vegetables: 4.5 mln t Rapeseed: 2.2 mln t

In 2016 with a production of 3.6 million tonnes, Poland was

129,100 tonnes of raspberries in total were grown in Poland in 2016.

world's 3th biggest producer of apples. 1.09 mln tonnes of apples have been exported in 2016, making Poland one of the world's biggest exporters of that fruit.

By 2016 29,300 ha of land were dedicated to growing raspberries in Poland.

Poland had 1,504,000 bee hives in 2016. Their number grows steadily year by year.

177,000 ha of land were dedicated to growing apples in Poland. It is over 3/4 of the total acreage of tree fruit cultivation in Poland (as of 2016).

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Food export

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

Republic of Poland Share of Polish food export (as of 2016):

By 2016 Poland had a

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By 2016 food and agriculture products 71 accounted for 13.2% of total Polish exports. 2

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2% share of the global food exports compared to 0.6% in 1995.

processed food: 41% meat and eggs: 22% milk and cheese: 8.5% fish and seafood: 7.7% cereals and vegetable oils: 6.9% miscellaneous agricultural: 6.7% beer, spirits and cigarettes: 2.5% (food products categories according to SITC2 standard)

By 2016

Within the last 30 years, the Polish food sector underwent considerable transformation. Owing to constant technological and organizational development of the sector, Poland eventually became one of the leading modern and innovative European food manufacturers.

Poland's export of food and agriculture products was worth â&#x201A;Ź24.3 billion of which â&#x201A;Ź19.8 billion was the value of export to the EU.

Poland's biggest export markets for food and agriculture products are

Germany: â&#x201A;Ź5.4 bn United Kingdom: â&#x201A;Ź2.1 bn Czech Republic: â&#x201A;Ź1.6 bn Netherlands: â&#x201A;Ź1.3 bn (as of 2016)

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Pierogi

Ministry 2

Republic of Poland

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Pierogi first appeared in Poland in the

13th century It is believed that they came from the Far East.

One of Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most internationally recognised dishes is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pierogiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. These are dumplings comprising a sweet or savoury filling encased in a thinly rolled dough which is served either boiled or fried. The most common fillings include minced meat, cabbage with mushrooms, seasonal fruit or cheese curd. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Mushrooms

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

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By 2016 forests covered about

30,8% of Poland's area, compared to 20.8% in 1945.

Mushroom picking is a great Polish tradition. Whole families eagerly await autumn to gather early in the morning in their local woods and pick mushrooms. Essential knowledge about which varieties are edible or poisonous is passed down from generation to generation of mushroom pickers. The mushrooms areÂ then made into delicious sauces, used as fillings for meat or pierogi, sometimes pickled, and often dried to preserve them for the months ahead.

Polesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; favourite mushrooms include the Red Pine Mushroom, the Bay Bolete, the Chanterelle, the Parasol mushroom and the Suillus luteus, commonly referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;slippery Jackâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

Jars with mushrooms marinated for winter can be found in nearly every Polish home. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Cheeses

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Republic of Poland

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844,000 tonnes of cheese and 12,867,000 litres of milk

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were produced in Poland in 2016. One of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most distinctive cheeses is

oscypek Poland is a nation of cheese lovers. Its agrarian traditions mean that Poles were able to develop many types of cheese almost unique to the country. These include the quark cheese, Bryndza cheese made from sheepâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s milk and Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s version of Edam cheese. Poland is the 6th largest cheese-producing country in the world. Evidence has been found that the first-ever cheeses were produced in 5500Â BC in the Polish Kujawy region.

a hard, smoked cheese made from sheepâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s milk. It is traditionally made by Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highlanders in the Podhale region. Oscypek gained fame when it was placed on the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;protected designation of originâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (PDO) list.

different kinds of cheese are produced in Poland.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FOOD

Unusual dishes

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Republic of Poland

Traditional Polish cuisine includes a number of unusual dishes that, while delicious for those accustomed to them, may challenge the palettes of visitors. Perhaps the most prominent of these is Tatar: raw beef, raw egg, chopped onions, capers and aÂ side serving of pickled cucumber. However, a number of dishes may arouse curiosity or alarm: slimy pickled wild mushrooms, fruit soup, fish in jelly, pickled cabbage and meat stew, tripe soup ... and blood sausage, typically made from pig's blood, liver, lungs and fat mixed with buckwheat! And afterwards why not aÂ glass of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;kefirâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, soured milk, with many claimed health benefits?

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As the name indicates,

Tatar

was first eaten by the tough and fearless Tartars. It consists of raw minced meat with raw egg yolk and a little chopped onion, capers and pickled cucumber on the side.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Ministry

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Republic of Poland

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Whether amateur or professional, as participants or watching from the sidelines, in a team or as individuals, sport in Poland is anÂ integral part of the Polish lifestyle. This is reflected in the growing number of sporting events springing up around theÂ country and also by the increasing results of Polish athletes. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Amateur sports

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Republic of Poland

the most practiced sporting disciplines 1

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among Poles (as of 2015)

The activity levels of Poles is rising. 68 percent of those surveyed indicated that they hadÂ participated in a sport during the past year, of which two-fifths did so regularly. The main reason given for engaging in exercise was health (70 percent) or leasure (61Â percent). Almost half of active people exercised to improve their psychological state and relieve stress, while oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2018;third considered sport aÂ social occasion, anÂ opportunity toÂ spendÂ time with friends or family.

68%

of Poles said they had participated in a sporting activity during the previous year, while 32% had not. (as of end 2015)

52% of Poles practice sports on a regular basis (at least once a week) and another 15% do it occasionally. (as of end 2015)

14% 17% 29% 33% 53% of Poles aged > 15 went to the gym in 2015

of Poles aged > 15 played football in 2015

of Poles aged > 15 went swimming in 2015

of Poles aged > 15 went jogging in 2015

of Poles aged > 15 went cycling in 2015

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Ministry

POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Professional sports

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Republic of Poland

85% of men and 70% of women

the most watched sporting disciplines 1

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declare interest in sports (as of 2015)

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71 among Poles interested in sports (as of 2015)

Football

75%

Volleyball

68%

Ski Jumping

61%

Handball

Boxing

Track and Field

Tennis

59% 56% 54% 53%

Formula 1

51%

Crosscountry Skiing

Cycling

50% 47%

Football, as in most European countries, is the most popular professional sport in Poland toÂ watch. Volleyball remains popular, reflecting the regular strong performances of both the menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s national teams. The popularity of ski-jumping was given a major boost when Adam MaĹ&#x201A;ysz was regularly the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s top jumper a few years ago, and remains popular to this day as a new generation of jumpers emerges. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Sports stars

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Most popular Polish sports personalities (2016) according to the readers of PrzeglÄ&#x2026;d Sportowy daily newspaper.

Republic of Poland

Since 1926 the most respected athletes have been recognised in the Polish sports seprsonalities of the year contest organized by the oldest Polish daily sports newspaper, the PrzeglÄ&#x2026;d Sportowy. This is the second oldest contest of that kind in the world. The laureates are chosen firstly by theÂ jury and subsequently by fans.

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1 Anita WĹ&#x201A;odarczyk Hammer Throw

2 Robert Lewandowski Football

3 Piotr MaĹ&#x201A;achowski Discus Throw

4 RafaĹ&#x201A; Majka Cycling

5 Magdalena FularczykKozĹ&#x201A;owska, Natalia Madaj Rowing

6 Maja WĹ&#x201A;oszczowska Mountain Bike

7 Jakub BĹ&#x201A;aszczykowski Football

8 Bartosz Zmarzlik Speedway

9 Karol Bielecki Handball

10 Marta Walczykiewicz Sprint Canoer

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Tour de Pologne

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The Tour de Pologne 2017 was won by Dylan Teuns from Belgium.

The road bicycle race Tour de Pologne is one of the most prestigious Polish sport events, with an 89-year tradition. TheÂ first Tour de Pologne, with 71Â participants, took place in September 1928. From the very beginning, it was regarded as one of the largest sporting events in Poland. Until 1992 the Tour de Pologne was an amateur race but, thanks to CzesĹ&#x201A;aw Lang, the Moscow 1980 Olympics silver medallist and the precursor ofÂ Polish professional cycling, itÂ became a world-class event.

In 2011 Tour de Pologne became a part of

UCI World Tour which brings together the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest road races.

The Tour de Pologne is transmitted by Eurosport

in 20 languages to 60 countries. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

2012 UEFA European Championship

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The 2012 UEFA European Championship, co-hosted with Ukraine, was the biggest sportingÂ event ever organized inÂ Poland. Concern that the country might not be able to manage was soon swept away by excitement and then pride as it concluded successfully, generating record attendance figures. For Poland it has left aÂ strong legacy, both tangible â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Â with an improved infrastructure and the preparation ofÂ hundreds ofÂ â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Orlikiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Eng: little eagle) football fields constructed around the country â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and intangible â&#x20AC;&#x201C; showing the world, and Poles themselves, that Poland can successfully manage a major event.

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92% of foreign visitors said they would recommend Poland as a place to visit.

88% of Poles were satisfied or very satisfied with the preparations for the Euro 2012.

80%

of foreign visitors said they would visit Poland again.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Run Poland!

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Poland has fallen in love with running. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not just jogging in the park, but also the mass participation in all kinds of running events. The number and scale of running events increased significantly as well. This trend is characteristic not only of big cities but even of smaller towns and villages, and is irrespective of age, sex and income. 33 percent of Poles interviewed in September 2015 declared they went jogging at least once during the previous year. 41 percent of those who jogged did it on regular basis while the other 59 percent sporadically.

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The oldest marathon in Poland is held in DÄ&#x2122;bno in the north-west part of the country. It was first held on 22 July 1966 to mark the 1,000th anniversary of Polish statehood. DÄ&#x2122;bno is now considered the Polish capital of marathons. 2

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30 April 2017 PZU Cracovia Marathon. Runners on the streets of Cracow.

PZU Warsaw Marathon is the biggest running event in Poland and the 18th biggest in Europe. Between 2002 and 2017, the number of its participants grew from 300 to

5,470 runners.

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Polish Winter Himalaism

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It is little known, even inÂ Poland,Â that the first winter ascent of Mt. Everest was accomplished by aÂ Polish climbing team. TheÂ golden age of Polish Himalaism recalls the outstanding achievements of Polish Himalayan mountaineers inÂ the 1980s. Called the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ice Warriorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; these mountaineers were world pioneers in ascending the eight-thousanders during winter. TheÂ current Program â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Polish Winter Himalaismâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; has been developed to continue the great successes of legends such as Jerzy Kukuczka, Wanda Rutkiewicz, Leszek Cichy and Krzysztof Wielicki.

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17 February 1980

The first ever winter ascent of Mt. Everest was undertaken by Leszek Cichy and Krzysztof Wielicki. Here, the whole team appear atÂ their base below the peak. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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POLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SPORTS

Parasport in Poland

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Poles have participated in 20 Paralympic Games since 1972. So far they won a total of

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(born 1989) is a Polish table tennis player. Born without a right hand and forearm, she has achieved more in sport than most people with two hands and two arms. 3-time Paralympic medalist in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008) and London (2012). Partyka has also participated in two regular Olympic Games, inÂ Beijing (2008) and London (2012).

Poland can be proud of its disabled athletes and their achievements at international sporting events. Polish disabled teams have been participating in the Paralympic Games since 1972, when 22 Polish para-athletes won 33 medals in Heidelberg. From that moment the number of the Polish representatives and their performances at the Paralympics has grown.

773 medals

Natalia Partyka

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Andrzej SzczÄ&#x2122;sny (born 1982) during the Giant Slalom at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

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Polandโ s diversity becomes apparent when one begins to delve into its most interesting and unusual facts. From being the largest raspberry producer to the country that first built an oil refinery, there are many interesting facts about Poland that will surprise even a Pole. All statistical data valid according to sources accessibility as of December 2017. All sources available upon request. Report elaborated for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bartosz Stefaniak (madeinPolska.eu).

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

The roots of modern oil industry

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On 31st July 1853, Ignacy Ĺ ukasiewicz gave a hospital inÂ Lviv a prototype paraffin lamp he had developed to assist with emergency surgery. The staff were so impressed that they ordered more. This is thought toÂ be the first sale of an oil-based product. Realising the potential of this new fuel, Ĺ ukasiewicz went on to sink a number ofÂ extraction wells in Poland, thus starting the oil industry.

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1859 Ignacy Ĺ ukasiewicz built the first industrial oil refinery in Ulaszowice, south-eastern Poland.

It is said that John D. Rockefeller proposed to Ĺ ukasiewicz in Vienna that he accompany him back to the US and go into partnership setting up oil refineries. Ĺ ukasiewicz turned him down. Rockefeller went on to become the richest person in the world.

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

The highest peak in Australia

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The highest peak in Australia is Mount KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko, named in honour of Polish patriot and statesman Tadeusz KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko in 1840 by Polish explorer Paul Strzelecki. KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko was aÂ Polish hero who led the uprising against Russia and Prussia which bears his name, in 1794. Earlier he took part in the American War of Independence, rising to Brigadier General, and became friends with Thomas Jefferson. Paul Strzelecki was aÂ muchtravelled geologist who visited, among other places, France, the Americas, Africa, China, Egypt, New Zealand and Australia. He died in London in 1873.

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With 5,300 men, KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko defeated 25,000 Russians at the battle of Dubienka on 18 July 1792

Mount KoĹ&#x203A;ciuszko 2,228 m

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Most nesting storks in the world

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During the summer, 25 percent of theÂ worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s storks nest in Poland. In the winter they fly south to Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. The association of white storks with newborn babies probably comes from the fact that storks often nest on chimneys. It was said that a young couple would soon have children if storks built a nest on their house.

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The stork capital of Poland is located in a hamlet called Ĺťywkowo. Every year the stork population of the village outnumbers the human population by a factor of four, when 100 storks join the 25Â human residents. By the end of theÂ season the storks number about 200.

Poland is also home to very rare

black storks

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Polish roots of Esperanto

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The inventor of Esperanto, the worldโ s most successful constructed language, was Polish-Jewish doctor Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof. Zamenhof was born in Biaล ystok in 1859, a city in which four main languages were spoken: Polish, Russian, German and Yiddish. As a child he observed that this was a root cause of suspicion and misunderstanding between citizens and resolved to create an international language to ease tensions. The first book of Esperanto grammar was published in Warsaw in 1887.

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On 22 February 2012, Google Translate added Esperanto as its 64th language.

Lernu, the best known online Esperanto platform reported over 150,000 registered users in July 2013.

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT POLAND

Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oldest trees

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A yew tree in HenrykĂłw LubaĹ&#x201E;ski is Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oldest, estimated to be 1,250 years old. This venerable tree stands in theÂ garden of a former Cistercian monastery. However, the most famous tree in Poland is a large oak named Bartek by locals, although it is much younger, around 650 years old. It grows in the village of ZagnaĹ&#x201E;sk in the Ĺ&#x161;wiÄ&#x2122;tokrzyskie voivodship. Both trees are recognized asÂ national heritage sites.

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The ancient yew bears the scars of Cossack sabres from 1813.

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See you soon in Polska. 1

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