DESCENDANTS OF GRANDMA MANDI
Williams family reunion July 31 - August 3, 2014 Memphis, Tennessee
Meaning of Sankofa Visually and symbolically, “Sankofa” is expressed as a mythic bird that flies forward while looking backward with an egg (symbolizing the future) in its mouth. Sankofa can mean either the word in the Akan language of Ghana, West Africa, that translates in English to “reach back and get it” (san – to return; ko – to go; fa – to look, to seek and take) or the Asante Adinkra symbols of a bird with its head turned backward taking an egg off its back. It is often associated with the proverb, “Se wo were fi na wosankofa a yenkyl,” which translates as “It is not wrong to go back for that which you have forgotten. The symbolism of the Sankofa bird is that we must go back to our roots in order to move forward.
Preface For the 2014 Descendants of Mandi Family Reunion, we return to Tennessee where Mandi and her progeny made the transition from slavery to freedom. We have chosen the theme “Reclaiming our Past For Future Generations” and the Sankofa bird to symbolize that as we move further into the future, we should never forget our past – that we must go back and seek strength from our roots. In order to understand our present and ensure our future, we must know our past. We must go back and reclaim our past so that we can move forward; so we understand why and how we came to be who we are today. Whatever we have lost, forgotten, or been stripped of, can be reclaimed, revived, preserved, and perpetuated. Therefore, as we, the descendants of Mandi, move into the future, as new generations are born, and as we make our homes far from the original family that first planted its roots in Tennessee, we should reach back and gather the best of what our past has to teach us so that we can achieve our full potential, individually and collectively, as a people who have been stripped of our past. As we move forward and further into the future - lest we forget - we return to Tennessee to reclaim our past.
IN SEARCH OF OUR ROOTS: HENNING, TENNESSEE 2014 Our family’s journey in Henning, TN began during slavery when Grandma Mandi, Grandma Harriet, Gandpapa Harmon and their two sons Jerry and Wash were sold from the Rayner plantation in South Carolina c. 1857 to a slave owner in Henning, TN whose name was Williams. The Williams plantation was located in an area in Henning known as Williams Switch. Shortly thereafter, (c. 1858-1860) Williams sold Grandma Harriett, Grandpapa Harmon and their children to David Thum. When David Thum died, his wife Maria and their minor son became the owners of Grandma Harriet, Grandpapa Harmon and their children. Grandma Mandi remained the property of the Williams owner according the 1870 census. This census is the first to show Blacks listed as people. Slaves had been previously listed as property on documents called “slave schedules.” Grandma Mandi’s last name is Williams and Grandma Harriett and her children have Thum as their last name. In the 1880 census they all have Williams as their last name. There are obvious reasons that Grandma Harriet and her children would have chosen to disassociate themselves from the name Thum. One reason is that she had been violated by the cruel slave owner, which resulted in the birth of Hannah. Secondly, the aftermath of this violation had caused friction between Grandpapa Harmon and the Thum slave owner causing a confrontation that led to his reportedly being hunted down and lynched by Thum and others. However, we now believe that he might have eluded their capture and escaped to freedom. We also believe that Grandma Harriet may have wanted all of them to have the same family name. We are visiting Henning, TN during this reunion because of our family roots. It is also important that we tour the Alex Haley House Museum, the boyhood home of Roots author, Alex Haley who told the story of his African ancestor Kunta Kinte and his descendants who made their home in Henning, TN. We are certain that the paths of our ancestors and the Haley/Palmer family must have crossed in the small rural town as they began their lives and freedmen. Our roots run deep in Henning, for it is here that our ancestors cleared the land, tilled the soil, and harvested the crops for the slave masters to reap the benefit of their labor. Here is where they toiled, hoped, dreamed, and prayed for freedom and a better day for themselves and their children. As we stand on the hallowed grounds of this bittersweet town, whose street bears the name of Thum, it is also the place where our ancestors first breathed the fresh air of freedom. As we touch the trees and the soil may we be reminded of our ancestors’ sacrifice, their strength and their resounding faith that the seeds they planted would one day bring forth future generations that would continue the struggle of freedom and equality. May we also be reminded that we are the manifestation of Grandma Mandi, the hope of Grandma Harriet and Grandpapa Harmon, and the dreams of Jerry, Wash, Dennis, Hannah and Burl. Let their spirits always dwell within each of us. Elaine Lee Turner
5th Generation
HISTORY OF GRANDMA MANDI AND GRANDMA MANDI’S DESCENDANTS AS TOLD BY ALVERSA WILLIAMS LEE1 As I write this short account of the descendants of Great Grandma Mandi, in my imagination, I can visualize what may have happened over two hundred years ago somewhere in Africa. As a young girl in her mid-teens, she was perhaps going about some daily routine or maybe participating with others in some village activity when she was set upon by scouters for slave buyers, captured, bound, and brought to some place in South Carolina,2 leaving forever her parents and 13 brothers and sisters. I remember Papa (Dennis) saying that she told them she was bought by a man named Rayner for $250.00. Being tall, dark, and heavy, she was put to work in the fields. Later, as often happened to defenseless slave women, she gave birth to a half-white baby, after the master or some other white man, had forced himself upon her. It was from this baby named Harriett Elizabeth that Mandi’s lineage expanded. My oldest brother, Rozelle,3 who is the oldest living family member, remembers Grandma Mandi. She was bedridden, as he remembers her. He recalls that one day, while in her room, he stepped on a board in the room and that it made a loud noise. He remembers that she had a heavy voice as she scolded him for making the noise and told him to go out or stop that noise. She frightened him and he told his mother that “that woman had scared him.” His mother told him that was not just a woman, “that is your grandmother.” He also remembers that he was 6 or 7 years old when she died. He said Grandma Harriett said Mandi was 96 years old when she died.4 Sometime during the early 1840’s, Harriett married Harmon, a light-skinned man, probably of the same plantation. He was a man of large stature, very strong and proud. Papa said that he remembered his mother describing him as a very intelligent man with high ideals, and that in spite of the danger, he did not hesitate to speak out against the injustices placed upon them as Black people. He was a natural leader who found it difficult to accept the position forced upon him as a slave. It was because of his bravery and strong sense of manhood that he would later have to leave his family. Grandmama Harriett was a very quiet person. I remember her very well since I was about 8 years old when she died. She often played with us and talked about things that happened long ago. I remember also that she liked to cook. About the middle of the 1850’s, a slave holder by the name of Williams from Henning, Tennessee (Lauderdale County), came to South Carolina and purchased them from Rayner. 5 They were brought by a 7 or 8 wagon train caravan with their 2 small boys, Jerry and Wash, and Great Grandma Mandi. The Williams owned a plantation and general store in Henning. There, at the big house, Grandma Harriett was the cook. Grandpapa Harmon and Great Grandma Mandi worked in the fields.
1
The history and biographical sketches were written by Alversa Williams Lee in the 1978 Family Reunion Souvenir Book with revisions in 1984, from what she personally remembered and from what was told to her. Later reunion books have reproduced her story. 2 In 1998, and again in 2006, the family reunion made the pilgrimage to Sullivan’s Island in South Carolina where the slave ships docked. (See 1998 and 2006 Reunion Souvenir Book)
3
Rozelle died on December 29, 1985.
4
According to the 1870 Census, Grandma Mandi’s age was 65, and Grandmama Harriett was 43. (See Census Records enclosed) She is buried in Old St. John Cemetery in Stanton, TN. No date of Grandma Mandi’s death has been found.
5
As slaves were bought and sold and slave masters changed, so did the surname of the slave, from Rayner to Williams to Thum to Williams. (See Chronology of Ownership and Name Changes, 2000 Reunion Souvenir Book)
Grandpapa Harmon and Grandmama Harriett were the parents of 3 sons; Jerry, Wash and Dennis, and one daughter, Hannah. Another son, Burl,6 was born to Harriett later by another marriage. After Hannah was born, it was obvious that she had been fathered by a white man (probably the master). Grandpapa Harmon, being the proud man that he was, apparently in some way, protested this abuse of his wife. As a result, one day seven white men went to the field where he was plowing to whip him. But, since he was a very strong man and also alert, he outwitted them, quickly took the single tree from the plow, beat all seven of them off and ran away. He eluded the captors for many weeks, through fields, woods and across waters. Later, news came that he had been overtaken and slain near the Ohio River as he attempted to cross. In 1865, the Civil War had ended and slavery was over.7 Harmon, the father and head of the family was now gone. Slain because of his rebellion against the degradation of slavery, he had missed the victory that was to come so soon after his death. Now freed, Harriett moved her family from the Williams plantation into Haywood County to a section called “the Watkins Quarter.” They would now begin their lives as freedmen. Sometime later, Harriett married a man named Rivers, the father of Burl. All of the four brothers and one sister lived to adulthood, married and lived full lives, raising their families through hard work and devotion. They were all farmers and some possessed other skills as well. The children of Harriett and Harmon Williams’ offspring have multiplied, raising their own children and those in turn their own, and so on, until now there are 9 generations since Mandi. These descendants have made and are making their contributions in many ways. Having inherited the spirit of resistance that fired the souls of our forefathers, some have made an impact on society as participants in the Civil rights Movement of the 1960’s, continuing the fight for the principles of justice and freedom. Some have entered such professions and occupations as business, industry, law, education, ministry, farming, nursing, real estate, music, entertainment, social sciences, government service and other fields – carrying on the tradition of the family as a unit of strength, holding to the values and ideals set forth so long ago. by Alversa Williams Lee (Fourth Generation) Daughter of Dennis Williams
6
Spelling is alternately Barrell in 1870 Census (enclosed) and Burrell in 1880 Census. (See 2000 Reunion Souvenir Book)
7
The Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863, however, it only freed the slaves in those states that were still in rebellion. The Proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.” Tennessee was not in rebellion in 1863, and slaves in Tennessee were not declared free th until two (2) years later upon the passage of the 13 Amendment in 1865.
Descendants of Harriet & Harmon Jerry, the oldest, was born in 1848 in South Carolina. He was a brown-skinned man of medium height and very stocky build. He was a member of St. John Baptist Church where he was a deacon and a devout worker. He lived near Stanton, Tenn., where he and his wife, Sallie (Miller) brought up their twelve children: Nellie, Liza Jane, Melissa, Emmaline, Anna, Mary Helen, Lucy Harriet, Sam, Eugene, Jerry Jr., Roger and Jasper. In later years, his children brought him to Memphis, where he died in October, 1923 at the age of 75. All of his children lived to adulthood; however, all are now deceased. Wash was born in South Carolina about 1855. He was light complexioned, of average height and well-built. He was a ferryman on the Big Hatchie River. He married Alice Stotts (first cousin of Jerry’s wife, Sallie). They had four sons and four daughters: Willis, Dave, Joe, Ned, Zoda, Betty, Lucy and Parthenia. At the time of his death, between 1915 and 1920, he was about 59 years old. Two of his children, Dave of Jackson, Miss. and Betty King of Brownsville, Tenn., are still living. Dennis (Papa, as we, his children called him) was born April 6, 1862, at Henning, Tenn. I often remember him saying that he was 3 years old when slavery ended. He was of reddish-brown hue and of medium height and weight. A skilled and resourceful man, he was a timber contractor, sorghum mill operator and carpenter. He built his home, as well as two other houses, on his 95 acre farm, for two of his children after their marriages. A philanthropist, he assisted other farmers in building their houses and helped many people financially and otherwise. He was an active, respected leader of the Koko community (between Brownsville and Somerville) and belonged to the order of Knights of Phythias. He was an outspoken man and an avid reader. He subscribed to various periodicals and newspapers, including Marcus Garvey’s Negro World. He was a member of Prospect C.M.E. Church where he held various offices. He was a devoted family man and a good provider. He had a daughter, Lucy, whose mother, Leona Miller, died in child birth. He and his first wife, Ella Woodson were the parents of three sons and seven daughters: Luevester, Jim, Minnie, Ella, Albertine, Burl Thomas and Annie (twins), Rozelle, Magnolia and Mattie Ester. His wife, Ella, died in 1899, when the youngest child, Mattie Ester was 3 years old. He married Luella Short (my mother) on November 19, 1904. She was a second cousin of Sallie and Alice, the wives of Jerry and Wash. To this union 9 children, 7 sons, and 2 daughters were born. There were Eodes, R. T., Darner, O. Z., Alversa, Velentine, Lemuel, Semuel, and Harmon. Dennis died on July 12, 1947, at the age of 85. Hannah, the only daughter, was born in Henning, TN in about 1864. *Further research has determined that at the time of the 1870 Census (included in the reunion book), her age was recorded as 9 years old, which means that she was actually born sometime in 1861. After she was born, she was of such light complexion that it was apparent she had been fathered by a white man ( in all likelihood the master). She was short and of heavy stature. She was loved by everyone, was always kind and ready to do a good deed. She lived and raised her family near KoKo (a community near Brownsville) and belonged to St. John Baptist Church which she loved and attended as often as she could. She and her husband, Green Perry, were the parents of 6 sons and 2 daughters, Trealeus (Trip), Jessie, John, Mattie, Tom, Arch, Leora and Granville. All of her children lived to adulthood. She died in Brownsville at about age of 78. Burl was born June 10, 1870. He was darker brown skinned and very tall. An avid hunter and sharp shooter, he would often go to the woods in the morning and bring back 15 or 20 squirrels. He was a trapper of raccoons and oppossums, as well as a good fisherman. He was a jovial man, full of fun and often playing pranks with us as children. He lived and raised his family in Haywood County in a section we called “over the creek”. He belonged to Good Hope Baptist Church. Burl married Harriet Miller. To them 6 children were born, four daughters and two sons: Evelyn, Mannie, Walter, Willie, Alcesta and Martha Ann. Later, he married Canzada Turner. One daughter, Edna, was born to this union. In later years, Edna took him to St. Louis to live with her. He died there in 1963 at the age of 93. All of his children reached adulthood and three are still living: Evelyn Rivers, Detroit, Michigan; Mannie Hines, Chicago, Illinois; and Edna Williamson, St. Louis, Missouri. ~ Written in 1978 and 1984 by Alversa Williams Lee
Descendants of Harriet & Harmon WILLIAMS (1827 - 1918)
Jerry Williams (1848 - 1923)
Wash Williams (1855 - 1914)
Hannah Perry (1859 - 1939) Dennis Williams (April 6, 1862 - July 12, 1947)
Burl Rivers (June 10, 1870 - 1973)
Descendants of Jerry Williams
Sam Williams
Emma Williams
Eugene Williams
Melissa Williams Kneeland
Lucy Williams Bowles
DESCENDANTS OF JERRY WILLIAMS
Wash Williams
Parthenia Williams DESCENDANTS OF WASH WILLIAMS
Hannah Perry Arch Perry
Granville Perry
DESCENDANTS OF HANNAH WILLIAMS PERRY
Dennis Williams (April 6, 1862 - July 12, 1947) DESCENDANTS OF DENNIS WILLIAMS (First Family)
Luevester Williams Taylor Minnie Williams Caldwell Alberteen Williams Caldwell
Annie Williams
Rozelle Williams
Mattie Ester Williams Turner
DESCENDANTS OF DENNIS WILLIAMS (1st Family)
Continued Descendants of Dennis Williams (Second Family)
Eodes Williams
R.T. Williams
Donald Williams
O.Z. Williams
Alversa Williams Lee
Velentine Williams Carr
Lemuel Dennis Williams
Semuel Williams
Harmon Williams
Continued Descendants of Dennis Williams (2nd Family)
Burl Rivers
Evelyn Rivers Owens, Mannie Rivers, Harriet Rivers - Wife, Alester Rivers
Edna Rivers Williamson
DESCENDANTS OF Burl Rivers
Oldest Living Descendants
Emma Mae Kneeland Mottley | Age 90 Daughter of Agnetta, Grandaughter of Melissa, Great-Granddaughter of Jerry Born in Stanton, Haywood County, TN Resides in Memphis, TN.
Albertha Lue Sanders Williams Born September 19, 1924 in Stanton, Haywood County, TN. Will soon celebrate her 90th birthday Wife of Harmon Williams (deceased), son of Dennis Williams Resides in Nashville, TN.
Eloise Williams Tolbert Daughter of R.T. Williams, Granddaughter of Dennis Resides in College Park, GA.
Mamie Lee Owens Daughter of Addie Currie, Grandaughter of Parthenia, Great-Granddaughter of Wash Resides in Memphis, TN.
Ruthie Webb-White Daughter of Edna Williamson, Granddaughter of Burl Rivers Resides in St. Louis, MO.
Oldest Living Descendants
Helen Jean Williams Edmondson Granddaughter of Dennis, Daughter of O. Z. Williams Resides in Memphis, TN.
Alfredia Caldwell Burtis Daughter of Albertine, Granddaughter of Dennis Resides in St. Louis, MO.
Thomas E. Williams Son of O.Z. Williams, Grandson of Dennis Resides in Memphis, TN.
Ruthie Mae Hanley Daughter of Catherine (Ted) Taylor, Granddaughter of Luevester Williams Taylor, Great-Granddaughter of Dennis Resides in Pontiac, MI.
Hilda Currie Perkins Daughter of Sidney Currie, Granddaughter of Parthenia, Granddaughter of Wash Resides in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEER Ernestine Lee Henning Daughter of Alversa Williams Lee (Robert), Granddaughter of Dennis Williams In 1960, as a student at LeMoyne College, Ernestine was one of the leaders of the first sit-ins and arrests in Memphis, Tennessee. Her leadership and participation ignited a series of civil rights protests that would eventually shake the foundation of longstanding segregation and injustice in Memphis. First among the sit-in demonstrations was the Memphis Public Library where Ernestine was arrested. At the time of her arrest, Ernestine had only a short time earlier been selected as “Miss LeMoyne.” After her court appearance, her photograph appeared in the Tri-State Defender newspaper with the caption, “Queen in Court.” The libraries and other public and private accommodations were eventually integrated, but only as a result of many more years of sit-ins, arrests and demonstrations. Ernestine’s involvement in Civil Rights protests had a resounding affect on all her siblings who also became actively involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Her view of the movement was for the cause of total justice and parity, civil, social and economic empowerment for Black people. In keeping with her expansive view of the cause of activism in social causes, she founded a Black child adoption program called “Room For One More” in Los Angeles, California. Ernestine serves as Chairman of the Board of “Water for Children,” an organization that installs wells and water systems throughout the African continent. To promote the goal of more wells and clean water, she has travelled to the homeland numerous times to promote this and other causes to better the living conditions throughout the diaspora. Her commitment to economic empowerment led her to the founding of the Richard Allen Foundation (RAF), whose purpose is that of building the Black economy. A primary focus of the RAF is to promote ownership of hotels and other businesses. In the late 90’s, RAF designated the 3rd Sunday in November “Liberation Sunday” and annually commemorates the establishment of early Black churches and denominations in the 1700’s as a part of the Historical Black Church Movement. An educator, Ernestine retired as an English teacher from Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles Unified School District in 2008, but remains involved in current education issues in the Los Angeles community. In her commitment to education and the historical role of the HBCU in providing a pathway to raising the standards of our youth in the Black community, she has sought to strengthen enrollment in HBCU’s. In pursuit of this goal, she established Black College Expos in three cities, Los Angeles, St. Louis and Columbus, Ohio, and continues to be an active promoter and recruiter for Black colleges. As Supervisor of the Women’s Missionary Society in the African Methodist Church, she continues to work in various endeavors with her husband of 50 years, Garnet Henning, who retired as an active Bishop of the AME Church in 2012. Ernestine is the proud mother of Carma Garnetta, Helaine and Garnett (both deceased) and grandmother of Jahbrielle Ayana and Massiah Garnett.
CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEER Marvis LaVerne Kneeland Jones
CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEER Marvis LaVerne Kneeland Jones
Daughter of James Henry Kneeland, Descendant of Jerry Williams After the landmark Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education mandated the desegregation of the Southern school system, Marvis Laverne Kneeland Jones was among the first eight African American students to pass the entrance exam and enroll in Memphis State University. The road to equal education had just begun, and segregationists who espoused “separate, but equal� wanted no African Americans in their white institutions. They were determined to keep them separated and without equal access to an education. It would not be an easy road. Although she eventually graduated from Memphis State, during the course of her matriculation, she was compelled to take a four-year hiatus due in part to the neglect, overt racism and discrimination that she experienced and was subjected to. She and her fellow students eventually became known as the Memphis State Eight and were eventually given recognition from the University for what they had gone through and had to endure in their pursuit of an equal education. Memphis State established the Memphis State Eight Best Paper Prize in the year 2000 for the best historical paper on the African American experience in honor of Kneeland-Jones and her colleagues. In 2006, the Memphis State Eight were invited back to Memphis State to see the prize awarded at a conference on African American history and to be honoured for their pioneering roles in desegregation. She has been named a Civil Rights Pioneer Honoree and has been honoured with the Arthur S. Holman Lifetime Achievement Award by the institution that had previously rejected her and has been awarded a lifetime membership in the NAACP. Kneeland-Jones graduated from Memphis State University with a B.S. degree in elementary education in 1974. She went on to receive her M.S. Degree in education and taught as an elementary school teacher in the Memphis Public School system for the next twenty-five years. Upon retirement from teaching, Kneeland-Jones went to work as Public Relations Manager for the government relations consulting company REJ & Associates which her husband founded. Her activities in the Memphis community are extensive in her involvement with charitable and civic organizations, among them, the Links, Inc., the Friends of Memphis and Shelby County Libraries, and the National, Tennessee and Memphis Education Associations. She organized voter registration drives in Shelby County and worked to help her husband, Rufus E. Jones run a successful campaign for State Representative in Tennessee, a position he held for sixteen years She is the mother of Gladys, Rufus, Jr. (Jill), Ida (Michael), and Dorothy and is the proud grandparent of Kaylin, Aaron, Zion, Loren, Jacob.
2014: A THRESHOLD IN OUR HISTORY REVISITED
2014: A THRESHOLD IN OUR HISTORY REVISITED
In 1984, 30 years ago, we gathered to celebrate another Reunion of the Descendants of Mandi. We recounted the historical role we have played to uphold the dignity and carry on the legacy of our forebears. Next year, 2015 will mark 150 years since the abolition of slavery and Grandma Mandi, her daughter Harriett, Harmon and their children Jerry, Wash, Hannah and Dennis were freed. The Reconstruction period empowered Blacks with the right to vote and be elected to office. Jim Crow laws were then enacted to reverse the gains that were made. Also cited was the descendants of Mandi’s involvement in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960’s, including the March on Washington in 1963, for which the 50th anniversary was observed last year in 2013. The passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 were milestones, the 50th anniversaries being observed in 2014 and 2015 respectively. These two events ushered in an era of Blacks being elected to political offices in unprecedented numbers, igniting in our imagination the possibility that a Black person could someday become president. First there was the courageous and historic candidacy of Shirley Chisholm, followed by that of Jesse Jackson. Then came 2008, this time bearing fruit with Barack Hussein Obama becoming President of the United States. Descendants of Mandi actively participated in voter registration drives, campaigned and donated to make the seemingly impossible a reality. Those who caught the vision exercised their voting rights, from the elderly to young first-‐time voters,” baggy pants” and all. The mighty forces of history propelled Barack Obama to ascend to the presidency. Many of us never imagined that this could happen in our lifetime. As we reveled in that moment, we reflected on how our 4th generation ancestors, who came so close, would have felt as we witnessed the swearing in of President Obama, some of us in person and many by telecast. Harriett and Harmon’s children, of the 3rd generation, wished for the right to vote, as stated by Alversa, the daughter of Dennis Williams. She carried on that spirit and desire and never missed the opportunity to vote. In the 1960s, she organized voter registration drives and hosted Shelby County Democratic Club meetings at her home. She missed voting to elect President Obama only by one year and with her passing in 2007, she became the last of the 4th generation. The 5th generation and beyond will continue to move forward and recognize the value of economic empowerment through entrepreneurship and ownership in this day and time, as our ancestors made great strides in their time. As we recognize the enormity of the passing of the 4th generation, we trace our ancestors’ footsteps back to Henning, TN, the place where Mandi and her family lived as slaves and now has a Black female mayor. In returning to our Haywood County roots in Brownsville, TN, a town infamous for racial discrimination and where Blacks were prohibited from stepping foot in town on election day, has elected its first Black mayor in June 2014. At this threshold moment in our history, as the symbol of the Sankofa bird looking back, we must “Reclaim our past for future generations”. Written by Susan Lee, 5th Generation
Williams family reunion
July 31 - August 3, 2014
Descendants of Grandma Mandi
Back to our roots