lecture4

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! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0

? E F G H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 :;< => ? ( @ 2 2 6 7 89 A< B C

D

6 7 89 6N O P 4 !QR S TU V W 0 L 0 XY 89 :;< => IJ K 1 L 0 : M =>

89 d e = . f =. ! ag =. ! h ( @ 0 ! i j Z [ \ 0 : Z] = 4 ^_` a b c . : Z] XY

k # $ % l + 1 &m n O c op qr sg t = 4 u _` v a b c w 1 ox 0 y B j Z

. :€ 0  ‚ƒ „ … †

‡ = ˆ : ‍ Ř§ďş ďť§ďť´ďť ďŽ&#x;‏c 0 $ z : 0 ~ ! 89 0 z {< :_| } P‰ K . :Š 0 ‚ƒ ‹ u & ÂŒ

– 2 :Š :;< =e! 7 Ž . — =e! 7 IJ 7 � e! 7 Ž v . � 2 � ‘

Â’ “ ” “ • em = u !QR v . !˜ [ ™ Â? IJ . — 0 =e!7 š :›œ c Ů’ Ů’ Ů? Ů? ŮŽ ŮŒ ŮŽ Ů‘Ů? ŮŽ ŮŒ ŮŽ ŮŽ Ů? Ů’ ŮŽ Ů? Ů? [49 :‍ ŘŁŮˆďş—ا اďť&#x; Ů?ďťŒďť ŮŽ{ ]اďť&#x;ďťŒďťœďş’ت‏ ‍ا‏ Ů? â€ŤŮˆŘąâ€Ź Ů? ‍} ďş‘ďťž  آﺎت ďş‘ﺎت Ů?ďť“ ﺝﺪ‏ But it (the Qur‘an in itself) is (a package of) evident signs in the hearts of those who are given knowledge. And no one rejects our verses except the wrongdoers. {Â? IJ . :Š 0 ž Â&#x; Q Â? a ae [

c O} P u & ÂĄ v . 4 ¢! _` ÂŁ 2 :–¤ 7 Â? ÂĽ ÂĽ Â? ‘

Â’ “ ” “ • U V W 0 $ ay O ŮŒ ŮŽ ŮŒ Ů?Ů? ŮŽ Ů‹ Ů? Ů? Ů?Ů’ŮŽ ŮŽ ŮŒ Ů?ŮŽ [3 - 2 :‍( { ]اďť›ﺔ‏3) ‍ďş? ďť— Ů?Ů‘ďť´ ŮŽﺔ‏ ‍( Ů?ďť“ﺎ ďť›ďş˜â€Ź2) ‍ﺤﺎ Ů? ŮŽďť„  ŮŽﺎ ً؊‏ ‍ا ďť“ďş˜ďť ďťŽ ﺝ‏ Ů? ‍} عﺳŮ„ Ů?‏ A messenger from Allah who recites the purified scrolls Containing (right and) straight writings {Â? & ÂŒ :Τ ¨ . :Š [ÂŞL =Â? ^ÂŤ 0 7 a b ÂŹ [ÂŞL Q Â? • [

0 “ O}

´Âƒ c 3 =­ !QR & ÂŒ Âľ • ae c Â… op . 3 ­ oÂŽ! ( @ 6ÂŻ °Œ§ Âąp ²³ ²³ 5 em

½ ž¿<y Q = u & v . Ă€ [ • ‚à c Âźscriptsœ ¡ 0 q ae O $ u ! e P u ¸ [ ™ . š c ÂşL P u ZĂ… ! 0 ÆÇ Ăˆ Ă‚ ´ É ( @ 0 Âś Ă‚Ăƒ K . :Ă„p : • c em = u a •

ĂŠ! 2 Ă‹ 0 + ĂŒ c :Ă„p v Â? :Ă? = 4 ĂŽ ^7 aĂ? Ă? Ă‘ Ă’ ! S 4 Ă“ H Ă” ( Q Â? Ăˆ Ă• Ăš > ¸ Ă˜ Ă? O ( Ă‹ Â? :Ă? PeĂ– jĂ— Ă˜ Ă? i v 2 a!ÂŻ Ă™ Ů‹ ŮŽŮŽ Ů‹ ŮŽ Ů’ Ů? Ů’ŮŽ ŮŽ ŮŽ Ů’ Ů? ŮŽ ŮŽ ŮŽŮŽŮŽŮŽ Ů’ ŮŽ ŮŽŮ’ Ů? ŮŽ ŮŽ Ů? ŮŽ ŮŽ [5 :‍({ ]اďť&#x;ďť”ﺎﺎن‏5) â€ŤďşŽďťƒﺎ اŮˆ Ů?ďť&#x; اďť›ďş˜ďş˜ďş’ﺎ ďť“ Ů? ďťłďť¤ďť°ďť ďť‹ďť ďť´ Ů? ďş‘ďťœﺎ؊ ŮˆŘŁ Ů?ﺝ‏ Ů? ‍}Ůˆďť—ďşŽďť&#x;ا أﺳ‏ And they say: fables of the ancients which he hath had written down, so they are dictated unto him, morning and evening. ĂŚÂ? ĂœĂƒ &ÂŤ 7 Ă?Ăž Ă?Ăž 2 6™

Ă&#x; [

u Ă ĂĄ Â? 2 „ Â? : â c :mĂŁ ä O Â? ĂĽ Ă›

Ă?Ăž 6™ Ă&#x; Q O =Â? ĂœĂƒ &ÂŤ 7 Ă?Ăž 2 6™ Ă&#x; O =Â? ç Â? : è ! O Q Â? : â ĂŠ 0 :mĂŁ ĂŞ O $ eĂŤ 6 | O Â? :Ă?

• 4 ^7 eÂŤ 7 Ă?Ăž ĂŹĂ­ +Τ i 2 ‘

’ “ ” “ • 6 7 89 $= u Îï l

Ă° ! O = u 6 | Â?Ăƒ SÂŤ7

Ă‹ 0 Ăł Ă´

Τ . q Ăľ Ăś c : • á

Â?Ăƒ ‘

Â’ “ ” “ • :Ăą 4 ^7 e_` òr c ‘

Â’ “ ” “ P4 ^7 e_` ø c

u Úú ae Ăť Ăź!Ă˝ Ăť => Ăž ĂŒ q Ăľ ÂŚZ c ‘

Â’ “ ” “ • . +Τ ( @ $ ay O

“ ” “ • $ u ¥ + B = u H [ c

. P u Ă°Ă˝ ~ !

2 ay $

e Ăœ &2 . P ‍ ﺎن ﺎن ďť“ ďşłďť˜ďť„ďşŽ اﺎ‏P 4 ^7 v ÂŤ 7 Ăž 4 ^7 e 7 Ăšp c ÂşL ‘

Â’

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Q u Ü Y v c ay P> YÃ e! :mã [

P‫ ﺛﻢ اﺧﺮج ﺑﮧ اﻰﻟ اﺠﺎس‬P 4 ^7 e!7 2 YÃ &2 P> [ y B v 0 :mã $ % c Øï . / 0 6 0 ¾ Â

ä .

& =: ^7 + ' c (ã ) > H * + , + - &2 . ÆÇ È . = 4 /Ã 0Þ 1 (ã$% ´! 0 " #

B = ^7 + ' (ã ) c P u !QR + , + - B : yZ 2e 3 +è ! +4õ =5ï e u + , + -

! 6

* = W . :>\ W =% & H ðý < O

. oï = u YÃ K 2 78 0 9 : ; Q 0 B

> ¸ !A = B % c ðý a B . ¦§ = % 6> B c oï ÷? @ ،‫ = * > وہ ﻧﺒﻄﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺗھـﺎ‬Q . ÆÇ È = 4 P C D

E + , 5ï [!QR F =­ Üà °¦§ & G c 5ï .

L c M [ y N B 2 ¼aK » [ HI

S< [ HI 0 7 aJ

#

+!T => !y U O VW :ñ!T :R

$ O 7 ÝO ) = % [!eZ :mã 0 ÆÇ È ! P c : Qy 0 :R

= % S ðý

:R 0 » 4 !QR I 0 :ñ!T => 6 Z [Þ \Þ . :mã = 4 !y v &Y ! . = 4 [!eZ XW . ! P

:Ä ¤ . _ P 4 ^7 eà ` · 0 \Þ :R

v ± 0 :aï = 4 ^7 [Þ ^ +!T :R ¼> YÃ â I 2 : ! ]

yZ q b . :c d 7Ã :R

aZÃ c

ùú e fZ ag P h v ij c \Þ 7Ã 0 P % ÷ k n st

ðý l u c 6 7 89 3 2

. [ HI => 2e 3 [!eZ lmopqr = O => 6 g‫ ﺧﻂ ﻤﺣـﺮﻴ‬. [ HI

= ) 0 ) O P[w

Pùú e fZ ag = + x oñ a ag =yV e [!z ag = a ag = v e 5 ag = &

| $ } R + Ã / O P ~ Ã T . +{ = [!eZU V 0 _ 0 [ HI · = 4 _ [!eZ +{

c [ 2 . ¾ ï # $ : = Y Ü + . = = u ÜÃ g 0

q

. \ 0 ¾ ï ae + : : ! O P& 3 + +O 2 + , 5ï & :

[4 ÷ 7 L c wO 0 c : ¤ : : ! Z P% & . j_Z 0 ¾ ag

=R + Ã g ¤ = O P å i‫ = ¡ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮ‬B l :R

S ¢ £ wO

! O # ( : è ÷? c oï

= ¥ ¥ 0 e ZÅ 0 +J + +è ! = e! 6Â ¦2 = ¡ = O P !QR . ¦2 = ? § 0 6

Ü ¨ f© . $ : = R + Ã g

! C

D ¦2 = =ª à . = :¦§ F c yZ 5ï

* v ‫ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ‬:R

= SL 6« ¬Â £ Z :­ . z ® = Ü 3 . ¯° g 0 3 c

=

v = . = °¦§ F

± . yZ 5ï . ! 0 g M B ²³ P u = ´ ) yZ 5ï Q P u YÃ K . µ = v . E wO Z 0 ! ë Ã K . =

¾` . = u l ÜÃ l yZ 5ï . ) 4 ¶· 0 l yZ 5ï ) O $ u H ¾` &2 ¸ . ¶·

¼ ²a ½ . = m‫ﻮﺗھـــــ‬n = = +¦§ u Y = ¹º :R

= u Y . ¶· W 0 +4õ & u » ´!

c = l B O =% +< c v ¾` O = ¾ ¿ : À 0 + , 5ï . ÁÂ - 6 = ^ H . = 6¯ Q ^

!QR 0 . yZ 5ï ¶· $ÉÊ e$É ÇÈ o µ 7 Æ z ¦2 =+{ =@ & G í Ä ÜÅ W

Ó! &Ò e Ë &2 . F = S Ì ¶· Í ÇÈ · 0 Î . = u à Ï B . Ð Ñ P P

C Ô! 7Ã Í

[Õ S S |y Ö Ö ( × S ¼ :Ø F

± . _Z 0

$ : þ7 Øï ä

v × [

4 Ó Ùg

6 7 89 Q => H oe . > oÚ Û × => Yà K v ( : < [ \ 0 × =( × Ü

P 4 ^7 Ì [w

¾

[

4 D Ùg

0 3 = 4 ^7 e_` Ì

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Ă– ‚ƒ c Ă— 0 7 ĂĄ â c ĂŁ

% Ăœ < B ] Ă— ¡ 0 ĂŽ v O = u ÂŽ c Ă Q = u e v 7 Âź$ÂťĂ?p ĂžĂ&#x; . Ăź!Ă˝ s

& % [

ĂĽĂ… c = % ĂœĂƒ &Ă– ĂŚ O = % Ăœ < ] ç [!è +ĂŠĂŞ B O = u ÂŽ c ĂŤ ĂŹĂ­ Q = u ĂŽ v 7 ´ä = % ĂœĂƒ á

e Ă— O =Â? Ăśa á ø . ! ÂĄ =Â? 0 Ăš Ăş Ăť 0 „ u ÂŽ c Ăš Ÿðùò óô Ăľ “ P u Ăœ ĂŻ c :Ă„ - 6

‚ƒ c 2 „ % Ăœ + c R 0 : Â–Ăƒ wO e O u ÂŽ c QŸÞ òù ò ´p => Y wĂź 0 wĂ˝

O Ăƒ% Ăœ ĂŒ ¡ 0 ĂŽ v ‚ ĂŁ e :

& & Ă– :˜™ [!è +O c +

[ \ 0 : < = % Ăœ 6 ĂŽ O => YĂƒ 7 P u e . v 7 ŸŽ c Âť Âź Âť P> YĂƒ K ( ) = u e 7 . Ăź!Ă˝ 3 Â? °< [

)

š c Úú e fZ ag =­ Ăœ Ă‹ 0 Ăšp [ y ! Ăšp Ă‹ 0 qĂş B °< ) O .

¸ Ÿó Ă´ Âť Y c Âź: e : Âť : Z( ²³ ²³ . Â?_Z 0 ‘

Â’ “ ” “ • ø $ u !QR . +

YĂƒ â 6 7 89 % ĂœĂƒ a • B # $ Â? l

Ăş 0 P k‍ ďť›ﺎ ďť&#x;ďť’ اďť&#x;ďť˜ﺎان  اďť&#x;ﺎﺎؚ ďť°ďť“ ز Ř§ďş â€ŹĂš 4 ^7

™ † o 2U V =� S TU V W 0 a • ( 3 { 7 Úp S [

!QR L i i $ > P u & a • O o . „ =i7

& &U V W 0 e i 2 t =: e =: +ï™ F $ u O j ‹ !³ B c Ë

Ă° – èZ 2 o %7 [" e op = 1 # = SĂƒ Y7 IJ 2 ) $ # ={Ăƒ $! : ĂŒ

:&2 ) o $ # SĂƒ 6 O # P u ' E [

. _ = u ' E O ä $ {Ăƒ &( =°7 ™

²³ . } =‰ SĂƒ K ( :) !! e : Z( ²³ ²³ 2U V ) ä em . Ă‹ w 1 =°! ĂĄ

P‰ SĂƒ ¸ ÂŽ * B 2 op + 1 : Z( ²³

c $ � + D F => , Y  g 0 ˆ y - . j_Z 0 ‘

’ “ ” “ • :.R 0 6 7 89 Ë O

0 Úú e fZ ag = 0 Y Â? Ăş / = 4 u _` q Ăľ c 6 Ăœ 0 8 !˜ c " > R Ăƒ ¸ ™ 2 ae : • P 4 ^7 ¸ Ăł Ă´

Y ø ‡ ‍ ďť›ﺎ ďť&#x;‏I1

0 3 2 Y Â? S4 Ăş 5 wO 2 š Â? 6 7 w d $ u +!7 Ă˜ĂŻ ¡ 2Ă?

Â? . ay O

Ă‹ !˜ = w! ĂĄ < ™ B 0 7 8 2 : Ăź ¤ = w! 7 ÂŽ * B 2 : < ‹ Z Q 9 [

Â? Ăş 0 :R P u ; . Ăş PÂ? ĂĽ :R 2

Â?7 Ă‹ Y 2

< 9 | = ˆ l ¸ = c Ăł Ă´ c $ {_` > F o ! ‘

’ “ ” “ • #

@ 2 59 „ =­ !e v Âľ • ÂĽ ÂĽ = 4 !QR S TU V 0 L 0 6 7 89 A< B Ă‡Ăˆ $ u ? Ă”! >

Q 4 5 : M . . P % H !e qyZ 2 v Ý > H ! e @ 2 „ = 4 v Aý [

0 ‹ > ?

> !e 1 2 a g 3 . P>! e 2 1 = 4 + AĂ˝ B CÂŻ D 0 w 1

( :E : × ¼ ¼ . c : • ¼ ¼ [

> !QR Q K = !QR v K ‹ L ) 0 $ H + �

=š +è ! ( w Z( wè ! š B ( w Z( B H => Y à . + I e . ž J = . F t [G g O => K

# => !QR ‚ƒ P> ¸ ÂŽ . K wO 2U V Â? :mĂŁ L =š +è ! ( +è ! a • B ( B P ! ‘

’ “ ” “ •

(1) leaf-stalks of date palms (2)the thin dried skin of some animals which was used in the past for writing on, or a high quality paper :made to look like this, or a document written on either of these materials, for eg. ancient parchment (3)a large flat triangular bone on each side of your back below your shoulder, which helps to increase the range of movement of your arm (4)paper, sheet of paper

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a � c � |! :‰ =� S * W 6 0 = u †

N . 6ÂŻ ´ï 6Ă‚ 3 4 M ( @ + è Q 6 7 89 [

e 5 ag = QR 5 áR Cg ag = !S e “ T ag [ \ 0 O UP 6Ă‚ :e] [!eZ . P 4 a g%ÉYÊÉ Ă‡Ăˆ O =H

ž W Â? 6 7 89 d . P 4 (ĂŁ Z v [ \ 0 P 4 0 [w = O U V ag = Úú e fZ ag = v

x Z[ :­ . + PY $ c š X 2 89 wè ! Â? ‘

’ “ ” “ • $ > 7 ðý

\ e U ag = QR 5 áR Cg ag =!S e “ T ag ‡ =] $ Â? 5 59 Ă? $ u e( :R

u 7 P &_` ^_ c ž ` !!e c � ‘

’ “ ” “ • $ > ž B a W 2 = v e 5 ag

2 3 =R IJ ‚ƒ ‹ [

> IJ ‚ƒ „ b „ L 0 6 7 89 3 = l + Ăƒ c d / Âź e ^— f a ag # P 4 u L g c

Â?L g = 4 u w! g c [

> !e

3

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