amal路gam路ation noun
the action, process, or result of combining or uniting. arabic: hope and aspiration
Muhammad Saleh
2014- 2015 Undergraduate Architecture Thesis City College of New York Professor Lance J. Brown
table of contents CONTENTION SYRIA INTERSTITIAL CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Contention There is not a corner in the world that we can now turn to that is not in some sort of need. Whether it is natural disasters or conflicts, borders have been blurred and cultures have be infused. In the recent years past, there have been a number of revolts against governments that have been seen as author authoritarian. Not all of these have had the success of overturning such a powerful entity. As a result, violence and intolerable conditions have forced the displacement of many people through out the world. With the increase of displaced individuals, the urbanity of most places we know now will either grow and become more dense or new areas of urbanization will start to populate the area. My goals to intend to explore in thesis year is bringing the humanity back to architecture. There has been very little done in the architecture field that concentrates on displaced individuals due to a tragic or traumatic event. Perhaps the most traumatic events any human can endure is living through war. With over 3 million people displaced in the year of 2012 mainly due to war, there has been in a demand more than ever for architects to become socially responsible for the conditions of the people that have no choice in where they live . Unlike anytime before, refugee camps have become small cities. Like any urban city, refugee camps deserve the attention of city planners, architects, and urban designers. Through this investigation of refugee camps, I hope to redesign the typical standards of what is known as a refugee camp. I would like to tackle the issue of creating a coherent and innovative way of living that does not keep the people of the refugee camps stagnant but rather active members of their environment.
"I was called Ahmed... I nev refugee. Now I am just a nu different completely from
ver expected to be called a mber in a different world... m the world I came from." Ahmed, Syrian Refugee, 16
Refugees Worldwide Internally Million Displaced Worldwide
WORLD REFUGEE
Countries of Current Refugee Origins
17%
ASIA 13%
EUROPE
AFRICA
37%%
10%
2%
4%
20%%
TOTAL % of
PERSONS OF CONCERN per CONTINENT
"All people whose protection and assistance needs are of interest to UNHCR."
12%% 3%
40%
MIDDLE EAST 35%
1%
31% 1%%
AMERICAS 0% RURAL
URBAN
TENT
1%
TERMINOLOGY A REFUGEE IS... A person who is fleeing a well-founded fear of persecution. Unlike an immigrant, who chooses to immigrate, a refugee has no choice. Refugees are targets for many reasons, including race, nationality, ethnic origin, gender, religion, lifestyle, or tribe. They are victims of discrimination, greed, war, and hatred. When refugees are forced to flee their homeland, they usually find themselves in a neighboring country. Often, that country does not accept refugees or has no place for them. When war causes mass persecution, refugees are often thrown into makeshift camps, where they live in crowded conditions with meager rations and exposure to harsh climates. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sends staff members into these camps to interview refugees, hoping to find a better place for them. After the refugee is interviewed, and the UNHCR staff person finds him or her to have a valid claim of persecution, the refugee can apply to a country that accepts refugees, asking permission to live there
Stages of a Refugee Home
Stages of a Refugee
Temporary UN Tent 165 sq ft. 3 year Life Span Issued Immediately after conflict breaks out
Instability in a specific region breaks out due to war, climate, lack of resoures, natural disasters.
Transitional Caravan/ Trailer 161 sq ft. 10 year Life Span Issuing based on time spent in camp/ Funding from supporting Countries.
People are forced to flea their lands in the hope to avoid the conflict. The hope is to return back one day.
Permanent United Nations seek permission from neighboring countries to start a Refugee Camp.
Apartment300 sq ft. Based on request of host country. Sometimes displaced to local commununites, others on the area of refuee camp
STAGES
23REFUGE E CAMP
YEARS ARE IN EFFECT FOR
SYRIA Perhaps the country that has and is still suffering the most fromt the Arab Spring is the Syria.Syria’s revolution was first started in 2011, violence broke out in Daraa, Syria, after a group of children and teenagers were arrested for writing political graffiti. Dozens of people were killed when security forces cracked down on protesters. The Outraged caused for the country to be divided into two groups; The Rebels and The Syrian Army. Both defending their country, Syria quickly poured out into a horrific civil war causing many deaths as well as humanitarian injustiices. So why Syria? Syria has been in the midst of a war for over four years now and conditions are only getiing worse. The reason for choosing Syria as my main site focus is because it allows the exploration of unifing a group of people while reimagining how a conflict of this magnitude or larger could be handled in the future. Architecture is needed whether it is for the formation of refugee camps or the start of the rebuiilding era of a new Syria. But the transition of the time in between these time periods will determine the longevity of a country and its future. In the beginning of 2012, a large influx of Syrians made the move from their homeland to neighboring countries seeking hope and relief from a war that was only getting worse. One of the largest camps that has been started and the second largest in the world is Zaatari Refugee Camp just south of the southern border of Syria in Jordan. With over 4000 people flowing into its doors a day, Zaatari quickly reached full capacity and is home to a new generation. A generation of hope and commitment to become better.
WORLD
MIDDLE EAST
MIGRATION 93%of
DAR'AA
Zaatari Camp
Al Mafraq Ar Ruwayshid
Al Mafraq
ZAAT ZA ZAA ATARI RE ATA
As Safawi
1440 1.02 Million Residents 3.23.11 Clashes between protesters Square Miles
DAR'AA
and army begin
405k
Displaced since clashes
JORDAN
4.2 Million SYRIA
Internally Displaced
2.3 Million SYRIA
Displaced in Neighboring Countries
600 LEBANON 858 Syrian Refugees
1 in every 4 people is a Syrian Refugee
600 EGYPT 131 Syrian Refugees
DISPLACEMENT
434 000 TURKEY Syrian Refugees
SYRIA
210 600 IRAQ Syrian Refugees
576 350
Syrian Refugees
JORDAN
1 in every 12 people is a Syrian Refugee
GROWTH
DISTRICT 3
2,199
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 1
Summer 2012
3,450
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 2
3,806
SHELTERS
Winter 3013
DISTRICT 12
Spring 2013
4,252
SHELTERS
5,113
SHELTERS
Summer 2014
DISTRICT 11
D
2
S
ZAATARI CAMP
D ISTRICT 4
2 2,294
HELTERS
DISTRICT 5
4,127
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 6
2,445
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 7
1,336
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 8
815
SHELTERS
3,659
3,025
SHELTERS
SHELTERS
DISTRICT 10
DISTRICT 9
123,500 19,500 8,000 REFUGEES
CARAVANS
TENTS
WORLD COUNTRIES HAVE LOWER POPULATION THAN THE AMOUNT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES MIGRATION
2012
100,000
2013
800,000
2014
2.3 MIL
2014
3.5 MIL
ZAATARI CAMP OF SYRIAN REFUGEES ARE
CHILDREN
LOW ENROLLMENT DUE TO:
50%
26%
FINANCIAL
29%
SCHOOL CAPACITY
30%
lACK OF TRANSPORTATION
OF SYRIAN REFUGEES CHILDREN
NOT IN SCHOOL
IT IS ESTMATED THAT THE NUMBER OF SYRIAN SCHOOL AGED CHILDRN IS LIKELY TO EXCEED THE NUMBER OF LEBANESE AND JORDANIAN CHILDREN ENROLLED IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM LAST YEAR WHILE NOT HAVING A SUFFICIENT ROOM FOR THESE STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS.
Milita t ry Registration
Police
Open Space
School
Distribution Center
Hospital
Public Cen Cente en nte ter tte e
District Compound
Water Pump Station
Playground
LAND USE
ENTRANCE
DISTRIBUTION CENTER HOSPITAL COMMERCIAL ZONE
PUBLIC SPACE
INTERSTITIAL SPACE The area between the towns in the region creates a void. It is here where I have explored the option of creating a concept that will unite the three towns together. This exploraton opens the doors to communication and networking, both key aspects to a strong union between the towns.
CONTEXT AL MANSHYAH 65%
10mi
n
.5 mi
7,500 35% .7 Sq Mi
ZAATARI REFUGEE CAMP .75m 15mi
ZATARY
12,000 45% .7 Sq Mi
55%
n
i
49%
123,000 51% 1.9 Sq Mi
SOLAR
COMMUNITY LAYOUTS
TERRAIN
MARKET ADMIN
POWER
ADMIN
FOOD
PUM FILTRATION
DISTRIBUTION
STORAG STORAGE
CONCEPT The exploration of the concept in this region is the driving aspect for the program at hand. By creating a concept circulatiing around Infrastructure creates a position of the served and the service. Traditionally there is a deep lack of communication between the two but how can we create something that joins the two together.
ADMIN RECYCLE
MP
GE
STORAGE
CURRENT STATE:
Refugees wait for supplies
123,000
REFUGEES 200 NEWBORNS A MONTH
Supplies are trucked in from surrounding cities or from humanitarian aid oversees
360
WATER TRUCKS ARRIVE PER DAY
500,,
LOAVES DISTRIBUU
PROPOSED STATE
Create An Infrastructure
Engage Refugees to become part of supporting t infrastructure
CONCEPT
Supplies are distributed amongst refugees
,000 ,
OF BREAD UTED U A DAY
the t
Supplies run out
Refugees wait for supplies
300
$500,000
KM OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICAL WIRING NYC-BALTIMORE
Constant production leads to stability
1 DAY TO RUN CAMP
Refugees become part of a larger community
CROO FOOD
PRODUCE. USS
ENERGY
CONCEPT
O OPS GREY WATER
S RECYCLE. SE.
TRASH
ENERGY FACILITY PRODUCTION POWER
M A R K E T DISTRIBUTION
UTILITY
FOOD
RECYCL 46,000 Sq.Ft
FOOD PRODUCTION CENTER
POWER PRODUCTION CENTER
MAR
20,000 Sq.Ft
15,000 Sq.Ft
5,00 PROCESS PROCESSING CENTER
20,000 Sq.Ft
PROGRAM
L LING
UTILITY
BATHROOM
DISTRIBUTION OFFICES
R KET
WATER TREATMENT
10,000 Sq.Ft
TRAINING
27,00 Sq.Ft
Filtration
Storage
Pump Station
10,000 Sq.Ft
10,000 Sq.Ft
5,000 Sq.Ft
TRAINING
Pump
ADMIN
Storage
1,000 Sq.Ft
CONTROL
Filtration
ADMIN
CONTROL
STORAGE
CHANGING/ BATHROOM
32,00 Sq.Ft
UTILITY
STORAGE
UTILITY
0 0 S q . F t 5 , 0 0 0 S q . F t 1,000 Sq.Ft
1,000 Sq.Ft
ORGANIC
MATTER
GREEN
HOUSES
COMPOST Organic Matter
Paper
SORTER Metal
WATER TRUCKS TO ZAATARI CAMP
E RESE
ERVOIR E
SYSTEMS DIAGRAM WATER
WATER TRUCKS FROM ZAATARI CAMP
WATER PUMP
FLOCCULATION BATH
SEDIMENT BATH
DIJESTER POLYMER FILTER TRASH TRUCKS TO UNTREATABLE WASTE
DISINFECTING BATH
DEVELOPMENT In recent years, the human displacement levels have risen tremendously. Mainly due to instability in countries that are undergoing internal turmoil. In recent years, the most prominent displacement has been from the Syrian Cival war which has led millions to seek refuge in neighboring countries. Zaatari Refugee Camp has is the biggest refugee camp in Jordan holding 125,00 Syrian refuges. In an unstable world, my project consists of putting stability and human empowerment back a region that is otherwise deprived. By creating an energy facility, it would create an infrastructure for the refugees to have basics needs. The energy center will also become a public space where the refugees can interact with others and work to develop communities.
DEVELOPMENT
Creating an axis to develop the site allows for corners to seperate the public and private spaces.
SCHEMES
DEVELOPMENT
Creating an central axis unites the three towns with a center point defining a spine of infrastructure.
DEVELOPMENT
Breaking the interstial space into a grid helps develop the bond between the the towns. This allow for a seperation on program as well as a continuity of the program
SCHEMES
Smaller Infrastructure spread out through the community to creat a network of systems all being linked back to the facility
Through the connection of Zatary and the Refugee Camp, a light weight walk way system will be implemented to ensure shade to the Energy Center. This allows for a public space where people can gather, sell goods and even particpate in community activities.
Due to the serverity of the Syrian war, the influx of refugees into Jordan has been never seen before. Now as the second biggest refugee camp in the world, Zaatari Camp is in critical need for housing in where the community would be able to assist in the building of a new community . T h e e x p a n s i o n o f t h e h ou o u si sing would be a simple traditional house made of dried mud brick. Layed out in a court yard fashion, it allows for smaller clusters of people to live with each other while having a larger grid to help give it order.
CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
TRUCK ENTRANCE PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY TRUCK DROP OFF PEDESTRIAN OVERLOOK ADMINISTRATION WATER TANKS DIGESTER STEP WELL RESOVOIR
0.2 5%
0.2 5%
%%
%%
0.2 5%
0.2 %%
5%
%%
CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
PUBLIC BUILDING
ISLAMIC GEOMETRY
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
SUB STRUCTURE