MODERNISM
CONTENT
1) REFFERENCES
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2) PRE-RAPHAELITES
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3) WERKBUND-WELMER
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4) FRENCH MODERNISM AND URBAN PLANNING
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5) ITALIAN MODERNISM
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6) HOT MODERNISM AND CRITICAL REGIONALISM
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7) AFTER MODERNISM UK AND USA (1950-1970)
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8) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
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REFFERENCES NA. (NA). PRE RAPHAELITE BROTHER HOOD. Available: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-pre-raphaelites.htm. Last accessed 15th JANUARY 2019. NA. (NA). EDWARD BURNE JONES . Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones. Last accessed 15th JANUARY 2019 NA. (NA). BIRMINGHAM LIBRARY DEMOLISHING. Available: https://www.citymetric.com/skylines/ birmingham-demolishing-its-brutalist-public-buildings-just-they-come-back-fashion-767. Last accessed 15th JANUARY 2019. NA. (NA). DESIGNING FALLING WATER. Available: https://www.fallingwater.org/history/about-fallingwater/designing-fallingwater/. Last accessed 15th JANUARY 2019. NA. (NA). REGIONALISM . Available: http://www.academia.edu/2602100/Constructing_a_Regional_ Modernism_Art_Nouveau_Architecture_in_Nancy. Last accessed 15th jan 2019 NA. (NA). FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT . Available: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/08/taliesin-westfrank-lloyd-wright-desert-home-studio-arizona-150th-birthday/. Last accessed 15th jan 2019.
PRE-RAPHAELITES The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of english painters, poets and art critics founded in 1848 by william holman hunt, John everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The Pre-Raphalites oppsed the dominance of the British Royal Academy, which chamopioned a narrow range of idealized or moral subjects. Pre-Raphaelite should not be confused with being fully antimodern. Members if the group believed that Britain’s Industrial Revolution had led to many social and political ills, but they determined that these modern relaities (e.g. poverty and prostitution) were worthy subjects of art. As part of theior reaction to the negative impact of industrialization, Pre-Raphaelites turned top the medieval period as a stylistic model and as an ideal for syntesis of art and life in the applied arts. The revival of medieval styles, stories, and methods of production greatly influenced the development of the Arts and Crafts and Art Nouveau design movements.
Edward Burne-Jones was an english artist and designer closely assosciated with the Pre-Raphalites. He was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass in britain. His stained glass include windows in St.Philip’s Cathedral, Birmingham, St Martin in the Bullring, Birmingham. The west window in St.Philip’s by Burne Jones, was dedicated in memory of Henry Bowlby in 1897. Bowlby was an English Churchman, The bishop of Coventry, from 1891 untill 1894.
“we sympathise with what is direct and serious and heartfelt in previous art, to the exclusion of what is conventional and self-parading and learned by rote”
Werkbund-Weimar
This chair is called the “wassily chair’ and was designed by Marcel bruer who himself was a student and subsequently a master carpenter at the Bauhaus on the early 1920’s. I liked this chair because ir has been designed in a very unique way and i never came across such type of a design previously. this chair has a very structured and bold look to it. His entire body of work, both architecture and furniture, embodies the driving Bauhaus objective to reconcile art and industry. in my opinion the chair manifests the Bauhaus objective to reconcile art and industry. in my opinion, the chair manifests the Bauhaus thos as the Bauhaus furniture is meant to be versatile so that consumers would find the pieces to be useful for moern life how the wasily chair is. This chair could easily be wheeled across a room to wherever it was most convinient that proves its versatility.
ITALIAN MODERNISM
De Chirico painting “Piazza de Italia” initiated his painting what he would define as “metaphysical painting”. The painting was released prior to The Great War. The work reveals alot of different dimensions of of architecture and art from the past.
The world in year in 1913 was worryingly the same as today. If the “Mystery and Melancholy of a street” painted in 1914 by world to be viewed from the capitals of western europe, it looked pretty Giorgio de Chirico. If you look closely on contrasted buildgood. The 100 years of Anglo-American peace was also celeberated in ings, lighting is not the only distinction. The comparision 1913. But, the year 1913 has a kind of negative appeal on its own, a year of light sources and perspective enabled de Chirico to crein which so little actually happened that it can actually act as an ate a mysterious and impossible universe where spaces will irony-laden trailer for the horrors to come. never converge and the girl will never reach the statue. In 1909 he came to Europe and then he moved places in Europe from Milan to Florence and stayed in turin for a few days on his way to Paris. De Chirico started to paint cityscapes, especially the architecture of its archways and piazzas. To paint cityscapes in 20th and to exhibit was not much of a succesful thing to do because people and painters were more focused abstract and conceptual art, thus the production of cityscapes declined. Further years ahead a seminal book of urban design thory by Italian architect Aldo Rossi, published in Padova in 1966. In this book he has criticised about the lack of understanding of the city in architectural practice. Rossi’s point of view was the city does not forget his past which he regarded as “Collective Memory” and the memory is remembered through monuments.
PIAZZA D ITALIA
MYSTERY AND MELANCHOLY
Hot Modernism Critical Regionalism The meaning of modernity directly refers to newnewss, since mid ninteenth century there is no exception in development in art and especially architecture. After the year 1885 and after the first world war a phase of development was seen and the changes after the war in archutecture was seen, such as the blending of old and new or the avant garde. In Barcelona, a version of Art Nouveau and a movement called “modernismo” appeared during 1880’s as the symbolic expresiion of proud regional identity that sought more autonomy from a declining spanish state. Critical Regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the international style, but also rejects the varriable individualism and ornamenation of postmiodern architecture. The phrase “critical regionalism” was first used by the architectural theorists Alexender Tzonis. Critical Regionalism has developed into unique sub-styles across the world. Glenn Murcutt’s simples regional modernism architectural style is representive of an Australian variant to critical tegionalism.
A very known example for critical regionalism and Regional Modernism is the famous Le Corbusier’s “Unite d’habitation”. It is the 20th century’s modernist building and it is also counted as a critical regional building because it was just the beginning of a type department residential building in europe. As regional modernism really depends on the era just before great world war and post world war thats why the architect in his design used rough cast concrete because steel frame was a post war shortage.
UNITE D HABITATION Another famous building known for its modernism because of the materials used in it, such as marble, red onyx, and travertine. the extravaggant and famous furniture, the iconic Barcelona Chair. Both the buildings are of the same critical regionalism, one is due to its residential style and the other one is due to its different usage of materials.
AFTER MODERNISM UK AND USA 1950-1970 Brutalist architecture was more common from 1951-1975. It is considered bith an ethinic and astehtic, designs are dedicated by functions over form with raw construction materials and mundane functions left exposed. most common material used is Reinforced concrete but other materials such as brick, glass, steel and roughhewen stone may also be used.
Birmingham Centeral Library was opened on 12th January 1974, designed by John Madin, constructed on a raised place and became a famous example of Brutalist style. The Centeral Library consisted of two elements: 1) The extrovert lending library, 2) The introvert reference Library. One of the prime reasons Birmingham Centeral Library was demolished, it was a reminder of a time when Birmingham’s economy was roaring, when a society of equality and plenty seemed within grasp. At a time when libraries across the city are closing rather than opening such optimsm seems a nostalgia trip. As mentioned above Birmingham Centeral Library was the fampous brutalist building Birmingham had but council leader Mike Whitby called the building a “Blockage”, disrupting the council’s plans to create a long view. He further mentioned that “We want connectivity”. It is blocked by monstrosity, which was incomplete. Third reason which was noticed, to completely redevelopment of the city’s Centenary sqaure, down to enterance of shopping centre and office development of mailbox and aeound city centre site paradise circus. To fund the scheme the council will need to sell its land assets for commercial development, including the land that Madin’s library sits on. John Maidens Birmingham Centeral Library Library Of Birmingham
Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator with more than 1000’s structures, from which 532 of which were completed. He beleived in designing structures with Harmony, Humanity and its Enviornment. He has a philosophy called “Organic Architecture� He also developed the concept of Usonian home (typically small, single storey house with less storage), his unique vision for urban planning in the United States. Organic architecture is a philosophy by Frank Lloyd Wright in which he promotes harmony between human habitation and natural world. This is acheived through designs which is well integrated with the site, so buildings, furnishing, and surroundings become part of a unified, irrelated composition.
Frank Lloyd Wright is closely asscoiated with landscape and Falling Water best explains his phillosophy of organic Architecture. It is a house designed in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania. It was designed partly over a waterfall. The natural beauty surrounding Fallingwater is intimately connected to the understanding appreciation of house itself. The genius Drank Lloyd Wright to physically and spritually embrace the natural world is captured in the daring and innovative architecture set among the forest lamdscape of bear run. Wrights passion for japenese architecture was reflected in the exterior and interiar making a close and strong harmony between human and nature. Falling Water
Taliesin west
Taliesin west was built to accompany Wrights Home and studio Taliesin in spring green, wisconsim, where he tuaght the Taliesin Fellowship. Completed in 1937. Wright bought the 600 acre plot of land and employed his apprentices to help him to build permanent estate. The sprawling Open planes and uptilted ground of the desert are reimagined in a sereis of low level structures interlaced with terraces, gardens and pools. Local materials were also used such as large stones were set within concrete to form the walls, with smaller rocks. Betsky told dezeen that dwspite changes in its use over the years, the complex which echoes the shape of nearby mountains still form part of landscape as wright intended.
INFORMAL WAYS OFF DESIGN AND BRAZILIAN MODERNISM A city can be divided into “soft” and “hard” elements. The city goes soft, it is a reflection of your identity. it could either be better or worse, it allows you and gives the chance to remake it, you can shape it in a way you wanna live in. This will also reveal your identity aswell. Transcultural space would be an approach to explain soft place charecterstics. It is a kind of a process, a process iof cinstant change. Exactly like how actors do, constructed out of a particular. The creation of Transtructural space is episodic. It is not an unwanted repetitive pattern is fixed one time and all is well, causing a constant process of change and evolution.