MULS Careers Guide 2022 by Macquarie University Law Society

2202 GuideCareers

Acknowledgement of Country Macquarie University Law Society acknowledges the traditional custodians of the Macquarie University Land, the Wattamattagal clan of the Darug Nation, whose cultures and customs have nurtured, and continue to nurture, this land, since the Dreamtime. We pay our respects to Elders past and present.

With special thanks to

Dispute resolution is what we do. Many firms say that the client is at the centre of everything that they do, but in reality that's far from accurate. As a disrupter within the traditional insurance law market, we continually think about how to add value to our clients and how we can help our client on their journey to resolve their dispute. Our clients recognise this difference too.

William Roberts is a market leader

William Roberts Lawyers is different in a good way

As a boutique insurance law firm with a practice specialty in dispute resolution, our clients benefit from our depth of practice and our team benefits from the opportunity to hone their specialist skills. In the last year, we handled more than 200 disputed insurance matters. This quantity of matters, and almost constant engagement with insurers, gives our team the experience to approach every dispute with innovative thinking around efficiency, cost and strategic advantage.

Results are a given in this market, that is the price of entry, and our success rate is We95%.have led the market in pioneering alternative pricing for litigation matters for a decade. 85% of our matters contain some form of alternative pricing which delivers cost savings as certainty to our clients, and has challenged our peers in the market to do the same. We are renowned for our innovative thinking. That is why well regarded private individuals such as former NSW Deputy Commissioner of Police, Nick Kaldas APM, came to us for legal representation at the recent Parliamentary Inquiry into Operation Prospect and former High Court Judge the Hon Michael Kirby AC CMG asked us to act for him in his personal matters.

William Roberts is a dynamic and innovative law firm with a focus on dispute resolution and litigation.

CONTACT US We would be delighted to connect with you in relation to any queries you may have Robert Ishak, Principal Telephone: +61

Dispute resolution is what we do, all day, every day and we are passionate about embracing challenges as opportunities 2 9552

2111 Email: robert.ishak@williamroberts.com.au Carlos Jaramillo, Principal Telephone: +61 2 9552 2111 Email: carlos.jaramillo@williamroberts.com.au SYDNEY Level 22, 66 Goulburn Street, SYDNEY NSW 2000 MELBOURNE Level 21 535 Bourke Street, MELBOURNE VIC 3000 BRISBANE SINGAPORE William Roberts Lawyers Pte Ltd Level 19 Singapore Land Tower, 50 Raffles Place, SINGAPORE williamrobertslawyers.com.au048623

4 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide EditorCONTRIBUTORS Jessica Go Designer Michael Graziano Director (Publications) Maryrose Sukkar Director (Career Engagement) Georgia Aslanidis President Devlin Greatbatch Murphy Table of contents Jaz PelinCalliSamanthaTaylorBrendanAnshikaKimberlyBrindhaPaulCremenKaletsisSrinivasLaSharmaPiechMcCoyJabbourTsipidisErsoy Micki CharlieJaydenMaryroseZaraDaniiAlineAbiramiJuwariyaMuellerMalikKandasamyDamajLeLargeBendingSukkarHwangJabbour Internal Opportunities ExchangeHonoursPACEElectives&moreProgramProgram External Opportunities Pre-Graduation Opportunities Voluntary Work and Work Experience PART BuildingI Your Career PART ProfessionalIV Services PARTFirms V Fair Work Rights PART AdmissionII and Practice PART III Legal Careers Private Law Commercial Law Family In-houseLawLawyer or Counsel Public Law Criminal Law The GovernmentBarrister’sCourtsChambersDepartments and Agencies Human Rights and Social Justice Environmental Law InternationalAcademiaTechnology Law Finance and Tax ConsultingAccounting Firms Banking WelcomeFirmsAddress 31 333231 34 00005453504948464339383634 08 16151308 17 2417 6027 05

5Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

From all of us at MULS, we wish you the best of luck with the remainder of the semester and hope that the Careers Guide provides you with a valuable insight into the numerous professional opportunities your law degree can bring. The great question that confronts many students is - what next? What is it like working in the legal profession? The 2022 Careers Guide brings together invaluable insights into the many and diverse legal (and nonlegal!) practices and careers that range from family law to academia to the Courts. This publication will be of substantial assistance to law students nearing graduation wanting to be informed about opportunities in the public and private sector.

On behalf of MULS, I am very excited to present the 2022 Careers Guide. Assisting law students with their career progression is a critical focus of MULS and this publication is a highly valuable and fantastic resource for all Macquarie Law students, regardless of whether you are in your final year about to graduate or a first year who has just entered law school.

Although the process of pursuing a legal career may seem daunting, remember that the main goal is finding what works best for you. In this Guide, you will find the cumulation of many interviews with students, professionals and lawyers at all stages of their career, and an array of wonderful tips to help kick-start yourself in whichever direction you Finally,choose.I want to extend my thanks and appreciation to all our sponsors and contributors for their generosity and support to this Guide.

The MULS Careers Guide will assist you in navigating your legal journey, providing an insight into the units available to expand your knowledge about various areas of the law, discussing internships, volunteering, employment and opportunities available and providing a different perspective on the career paths available both in public and private sectors. This guide would not be possible without the hard work and efforts of the Publications Portfolio and I would like to thank Jessica Go and Maryrose Sukkar.

Happy reading and I wish you all the best going forward in your career!

Welcome Editor’s Note Jessica Go President’s Welcome Devlin Greatbatch Murphy

A legal career attracts a diverse range of individuals, and the available career paths with a law degree reflect this diversity. The view that a law degree silos law students into becoming a lawyer is very dated, as more industries continue to place high value on law degrees for a range of roles. As Macquarie Law students, the skills you develop throughout your degree are useful and applicable to a range of career opportunities.

I am very excited to welcome you to the 2022 Careers guide. MULS is so privileged to be able to assist students in their career journey and provide a guide which outlines all the different opportunities available to students undertaking a law degree. There are many career paths which can be undertaken, and many of these are beyond what students have considered.

Disclaimer: This Guide is not designed to be exhaustive. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor, nor Macquarie University, and are in no way associated with Macquarie University. Best efforts have been made to ensure that all information in this guide is accurate as of 31 July 2022, but such information is subject to change without notice. The content is merely informative and should not be relied upon as professional advice. This publication is distributed free of charge, with the understanding of the authors, Editor and any persons related to this publication are not responsible for the results of their actions or omissions on the basis of any information provided within this publication. The user of this guide, therefore, acknowledges that he or she will take responsibility for his or her actions and will under no circumstances hold the Editor, authors or Macquarie University Law Society responsible for any damage resulting to the user or anyone else from use of this publication.

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Welcome to the Careers Guide!

I wish all students all the best in their future careers, and I look forward to hearing about your professional journey in the years to come!

Director’s Welcome Maryrose Sukkar

This guide will provide you with different careers to consider which are beyond that of a commercial firm. For example, from working in chambers to consulting at a Big Four firm. To my friends and industry mentors, who have happily assisted Jess and I in the making of this guide, I cannot thank you enough. Your support is appreciated not only by myself and MULS, but by all the students across Macquarie who can gain insight from your experiences!

The experience and ability to transform the skills learned in your university degree to real life practice is invaluable. As someone who undertook a vacationer internship at KPMG, I can say first-hand how enjoyable it is to be exposed to something new, work with different clients and work on a new and rewarding task each day.

Internal Opportunities ExchangeHonoursPACEElectives&moreProgramProgram External Opportunities Pre-graduation Opportunities Voluntary Work 1 YourBuildingCareer

LAWS5018/LAWS8066Indigenous Peoples and the Law

From a practical perspective, examining specific criminal acts and the global regimes will inform students’ understanding of the prevention and resolution of international conflict, and the promotion of criminal justice.

LAWS5012 - Banking and Finance Law

LAWS5010/LAWS8089 - Trade Law

LAWS5011/LAWS8026Discrimination and the Law

This unit considers the link between banking and financial crime at the international and domestic levels. The unit will examine the banking and financial institutions’ regulatory framework, payment systems, history, sources and development of specific crimes in the international and domestic arena, theories of compliance, and criminal enforcement. Global norms and their interaction with domestic legislatures, government authorities, and regulatory reforms in selected jurisdictions will be investigated at a broad level.

Internal Opportunities

LAWS5005 - Age and the Law

ELECTIVES (LLB)

LAWS5007 - Employment and Labour Law

This unit explores the rights and duties of individual employers and employees. It begins by examining the common law doctrines and then expands to consider the legislative framework. Current employment law issues and their significance are also examined.

The unit introduces students to the principal areas of international trade law and policy, and in particular examines the legal regime governing the international exchange of goods, services, and intellectual property under the WTO. Topics include the WTO dispute settlement system; rules on nondiscrimination; rules on market access; rules on unfair trade; preferential trade agreements. This unit aims to give students a grounding in both the theoretical and practical application of Australia’s existing anti-discrimination regulatory framework. The unit introduces students to critical debates regarding what is discrimination, what anti-discrimination legislation is designed to achieve, and how best can law address inequality and discrimination. The unit also examines the legal form in which discrimination is regulated. It requires students to come to terms with the legal concepts of direct and indirect discrimination, the construction of the various grounds of discrimination, the application of the prohibitions in specified contexts, as well as defences and exemptions that apply.

This unit examines the intersection of age and law, in particular, the ways in which the law protects, empowers and also negatively impacts on the lives of children and older people. This course equips students to understand the national and international legal frameworks impacting on children and young people and the elderly and the strengths and limitations of these frameworks. This unit is relevant to students interested in human rights and social justice, as well as students who want to gain an advanced understanding of the socio-legal context surrounding children and young people and/or the elderly.

Please note that this information is correct as of July 2022 and is subject to change. For updated information, please refer to the Macquarie University Unit Guides website, here

The special place of Indigenous peoples in Australia gives rise to unique questions of law. Most fundamentally, there is the challenge of acknowledging the existence of more than one legal order in one geographical space. Following this, there are the terms of coexistence of these legal orders. And finally, to the extent that Indigenous peoples are subject to the official State and Commonwealth legal systems, there is a question of how effectively these legal systems regulate issues particular to Indigenous peoples.

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LAWS5020/LAWS8021 - Family Law

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LAWS5019/LAWS8087International Human Rights Law

This unit addresses the fundamental and dynamic issue of the protection of human rights in international law. The unit traces the historical development of human rights law at national, regional and global levels. The unit considers the theoretical frameworks for analysing the rights of individuals and groups and the duties of states to protect those rights. It considers the strengths and limitations of the institutions and mechanisms in place to protect and promote rights in practice.

LAWS5021/LAWS8023 -

The unit begins with an historical introduction to commercial law and then proceeds to examine its purpose, who uses it, how far it should extend and the role and effect of lawyers on commercial law and the market place. The second half of the unit has a detailed examination of the sale of goods and other important commercial areas such as agency, insurance law, negotiable instruments, security over goods and bankruptcy. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between the common law in these areas and the working of the market.

The unit includes consideration of the crosscultural dimensions and other tensions inherent in this area of international law, with a focus on contemporary challenges for international human rights law.

LAWS5023/LAWS8024Intellectual Property Law

The unit introduces students to the principal areas of law in Australia which aim to preserve competition in the economy and to ensure consumer protection. Attention will focus on the competition law provisions in the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 and their theoretical underpinnings. Topics include cartels; anticompetitive agreements and concerted practices; misuse of market power; mergers; warranties and guarantees; misleading or deceptive conduct; unconscionable conduct and unfair contract terms; remedies and enforcement of both consumer and competition law.

LAWS5028/LAWS8020Competition Law

Digital developments and emerging technologies present the law with a myriad of different challenges. This unit analyses the legal issues raised by networked digital technologies. Topics covered include establishing the country which has jurisdiction to hear a multinational internet dispute, the nature of copyright, patent and trademark protection for technological innovations, the governance of domain names, the protection of digital privacy, internet content control, social media governance, cybercrime and cyber security law. In each case, both existing legal frameworks and evolving law reform discourse are analysed and critiqued.

This unit explores the various forms of intellectual property protected under statutory regimes and general law. The unit identifies and evaluates existing intellectual property regimes such as copyright, patents, plant breeders’ rights, designs, trade mark, passing off and relevant aspects of unfair trading laws. The unit analyses the subject matter protected, conditions of such protection and what constitutes infringement for each head of protection. Students are taught to identify and explain the interrelationship and overlaps between different intellectual property regimes. Students learn how to apply intellectual property principles and policy in practical scenarios.

Foundations of Commercial Law

LAWS5029/LAWS8068 - Law and Technology

This unit covers the study of legal regulation of family relations. Although a great number of laws have a bearing on the ‘family’, this unit focuses on the Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) and the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). The unit is divided into five main parts: the concept of family and its historical development; the concept of marriage; dissolution of marriage; financial relationships, especially when they breakdown; children and their rights under family law. An interdisciplinary approach to family law will enable students to analyse the interrelationship between the state, law and society.

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LAWS5036/LAWS8050 - Modern Corporate Governance

In this advanced unit, students will build on existing knowledge of business organisations and corporate law to gain deeper insight into how corporations govern themselves and how they are regulated by external actors, both in Australia and internationally. Students will engage in research and critical analysis of existing corporate governance strategies and the laws that govern corporate interactions, advancing their understanding of the actors and organisations that impact corporate governance, including: corporate boards, corporate regulators, auditors and stock exchanges. This course provides an opportunity to explore concepts such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Environmental and Social Governance (ESG), and Business and Human Rights. Students will analyse the relationships and legal obligations between corporations and their shareholders, creditors, employees and customers.

The unit provides a detailed analysis of the legal requirements of land use planning instruments, development assessment methods, environmental impact assessment and administrative decision making relating to land use. A critical analysis is undertaken of the effectiveness of the current regulatory regime including reform proposals and options.

LAWS5053/LAWS8025 - Taxation

Almost every use of land from building a family home to infrastructure projects across cities through to coal mining will require some form of legal assessment and approval. The relevant area of law is environmental planning law. This unit examines the intersection of economic, social and environmental issues in the context of land use and law. The focus is on both the natural and built environment in an urban and rural context with particular emphasis on the regulation of land use under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Law 1979 (NSW) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth).

Climate change is the outstanding environmental issue of our time. This is a specialised unit that analyses law and policy relevant to managing the problems presented by climate change. Both the causes and impacts of climate change are pervasive and present significant challenges to conventional legal approaches. The unit investigates the role of law in driving society’s response from the international law level through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, to federal and state responses in terms of both legislation and judicial decisions to local scale actions. At each jurisdictional level, focus is given to law that relates to the major pillars of climate policy –mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage.

This unit examines the fundamentals of the Australian taxation system. A critical approach is emphasised throughout. Students will be encouraged to think beyond the traditional categories and to pursue an approach to taxation law underscored by critical thinking. The wider societal and technological context of the Australian taxation system will form part of the unit’s focus.

LAWS5043/LAWS8051 - Climate Change Law

LAWS5040/LAWS8061Environmental Planning Law

11Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

This unit deals with rules for resolving difficulties when a private legal problem has an international element. Such difficulties fall into three categories: first, do our courts have jurisdiction to decide a matter that has connections with another country; second, which law should our courts use to decide the dispute, our law or the law of some other country; and third, if a matter has been decided by a foreign court, should our courts recognise and enforce the foreign judgement? Therefore this unit spans many related topics, including tort, contract, succession and family law.

LAWS5060/LAWS8055Environmental Law

LAWS5071/LAWS8021 - Health Law and Ethics

LAWS5056/LAWS8029Succession LAWS5057 - Conflict of Laws

LAWS5065ManagementDisputeandResolution

This unit introduces students to the specialised and burgeoning area of environmental law on both the national and international stage. It evaluates the effectiveness of current environmental law in the context of ongoing and emerging challenges. The unit adopts a multidisciplinary perspective to help augment understanding of the complexity of environmental challenges and enhance the analysis of relevant legislation and case law. Dispute resolution schemes now dominate the practice of law at many levels. This unit explores various types of dispute resolution processes with an emphasis on negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration and restorative justice. The unit provides an overview of the theory, philosophy, process, ethical and legal issues involved in each of these methods of dispute resolution. Through experiential role plays, discussions, exercises and research, students will be introduced to the skills required to advise on and participate in conflict resolution and management.

LAWS5069/LAWS8060 - Energy and Natural Resources Law

This unit introduces students to energy and resources law and governance, a burgeoning and specialised field of law. The unit explores the legal response of nation states, international institutions and other relevant global actors to regulate the transboundary aspects of energy and resources law. Students will cover the historical development of the law, the need for cooperation,and the effectiveness of sustainable development in energy and resources law. Several important regimes are explored in addition to pivotal domestic and international case law and arbitration decisions. This unit introduces students to health law and ethics in Australia. Duties, obligations and responsibilities that arise in the context of the health practitioner-patient relationship will be examined, as well as areas of health law that pose ethical and/or regulatory challenges. These include:legal concepts and areas of law integral to health care treatment (capacity and consent; negligence and criminal law; management of health care information); applied health law and ethics (mental illness and disability; preconception, conception and birth; end of life; human tissues); and broader systemic regulation of health care (regulation of health care practitioners; public health; research involving humans).

LAWS5079/LAWS8037 - Refugee and Migration LAWS5084/LAWS8097 - Media Law

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How do different countries decide who should control the media, as well as what they should and should not show? If we value free speech, how should we regulate material such as political debate, defamation, privacy, pornography, vilification and advertising? How do we hit the right balance between state media control and the right of individuals to free expression? These issues are regulated under Media Law. While focusing on Australia, this unit takes an international and comparative perspective to analysing how media issues are regulated. Students will examine topics such as the day-to-day legal restrictions on the media and what it is like to advise on media content.

LAWS5086/LAWS8092 - Law of the Sea LAWS5087 - Law of Armed Conflict

Refugee protection is one of the most controversial issues in Australian and international politics today.

The oceans cover five sevenths of the planet’s surface and are undoubtedly one of the world’s most important resources given the economic, political, strategic and social interests at play. This unit examines the different maritime zones, addresses the regulation of activities undertaken on the oceans, and considers how the demands of different states have impacted on this complex legal regime.

We will explore the historical and political climate in which international instruments and domestic policies were created, and the contemporary context in which they are implemented. This unit adopts an interdisciplinary approach to understand and critically engage with the legal frameworks governing the rights of refugees and other forced migrants. Students will develop a robust understanding of the international refugee law system, as well as its implementation and operation in Australia and abroad.

War presents one of the most serious and enduring challenges to the practice of international law. This unit explores the field of international humanitarian law, the body of law that has developed to limit and regulate armed conflict. International humanitarian law seeks to balance military objectives and priorities against considerations of human suffering and priorities against considerations of human suffering and the humanitarian impact of conflict. This course will explore the role of international law in providing a framework to address contemporary challenges during armed conflict, including the protection of civilians, the status and treatment of combatants, and the protection of the environment and cultural heritage. It will also explore the rules relating to the means and methods of warfare, including the challenges faced by rapid technological development.

LAWS5078 - PACE: Clinics and Projects

LAWS5051 - PACE: Individual Placements

Applications to undertake this unit will be advertised to students online. Entry to the unit is only by special permission and is dependent on the number of applications and the available projects. This unit provides the opportunity for students to participate in a variety of workplace experiences including (but not limited to), the Macquarie University Social Justice Clinic, and projects with law firms, legal centres, community-based legal organisations and services, government agencies and not-for-profit organisations. The aim is to provide real world experience and the opportunity to collaborate with other students as a team. Workplace experiences may be undertaken on a weekly or block basis. Placements are allocated through an application process.

Applications to undertake this unit will be advertised to students online. Entry to the unit is only by special permission and is dependent on the number of applications and the available projects.

Professional and Community Engagement (“PACE”) is an innovative, multi award-winning program that provides students with industry relevant practical experience as part of their law degree. Macquarie University is the only university in Australia that gives this opportunity to all undergraduate students. At Macquarie you have the opportunity to complete PACE domestically or overseas as we have over 3000 partner PACEinstitutions.units involve both theory and practice. These units generally occur in the later years of your studies because it is important to gain theoretical knowledge before applying it in real world contexts. This timing is also important as it gives you the chance to enhance employability and active citizenship skills in preparation for graduation.

This unit provides the opportunity for students to participate in a variety of workplace experiences including (but not limited to), the Macquarie University Social Justice Clinic, and projects with law firms, legal centres, community-based legal organisations and services, government agencies and not-for-profit organisations. The aim is to provide real world experience and the opportunity to collaborate with other students as a team. Workplace experiences may be undertaken on a weekly or block basis. Placements are allocated through an application process.

Macquarie Law School offers two PACE units:

PROFESSIONAL AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM (PACE)

13Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The highlight of Jessup was the ability to make memes about the situation, such as on international law generally, terrible arguments we tried to run, on the Jessup problem question itself, or situations we encountered when spending so much time together. As a more serious answer, the highlight of Jessup was seeing my teammates flourish in each of our speaking roles we were allocated for our moots. How did you prepare for the competition? We prepared for the competition by researching extensively for 5 months to draft our two written memorials, both applicant and respondent. This involved lots of team debates about the viability and merits of certain arguments. The sources we used ranged from cases, textbooks, journals, encyclopaedias, United Nations documents, etc. Our faculty advisor, Dr Shireen Daft, and coach, Fareed Qureshi provided feedback on these drafts. After our two written memorials were submitted, we held practice moots almost every day for a month and were judged by members of the law school, former Jessupers and friends of Jessup who gave us feedback on how to improve our oral submissions.

What has been the most challenging part about this experience? The most challenging part of Jessup was the workload. The workload was more than a full-time job and we all had to make a lot of sacrifices in our personal and professional lives, such as missing social events and taking time off work to get our written memorials and oral submissions done. Although, we all knew this was the case upon applying and were willing to make these sacrifices. I encourage anyone who is interested in public international law and Jessup, and is able to commit to the heavy workload to apply as I can say with certainty that Jessup is the greatest thing I have ever done.

I applied for Jessup because I have always been interested in public international law and I had enjoyed previous moots I had competed in. I read past Jessup problem questions and was captivated by the way the questions allowed exploration of unsettled areas of the law. This is because the Jessup problem question is always centred around very niche areas of public international law. For example, our problem question considered admission of evidence protected by diplomatic immunity, state responsibility for alleged election interference, the global suspension of an individual on a social media platform which allegedly violated their freedom of expression, and the takedown by the applicant state of a malicious cyber botnet approved by the respondent state.

The Phillip C Jessup Mooting Competition is the biggest and most prestigious mooting competition in the world. Every year, law schools send teams (up to 5 students) of mooters to compete in this competition organised by ILSA, arguing a hypothetical as if before the International Court of Justice. Between 500-800 teams compete each year. Jessup is like nothing else that you have done in your studies or in student competitions. Jaz Cremen Jessup Participant 2021/2022

14 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide COMPETITIONS

Macquarie Law School offers LAWS5030/LAWS8000 - Law Moots and Competition as a Session 3 Unit. This unit is based upon the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition that is held each year and involves teams from around the world. An Australian regional round of competition is held annually in Canberra during February and from which the Australian representatives are selected to compete in the international round in Washington D.C. (USA), usually in the following April. Students in this unit work as a team in preparing written memorials in relation to a problem set by the competition organisers. The problems raise issues of current interest in the field of public international law. What is Jessup?

Please describe your Jessup experience in 3 words. Intense, educational, Tallinn. Why did you choose to participate in this program?

What has been the highlight of this experience?

For the purpose of Honours calculation, a LAWS WAM is not rounded. For instance, a student with a final LAWS WAM of 74.95 will receive Second Class Honours.

Admission to Law Honours units (LAWS5910 and LAWS5920) will be by direct internal application to the Law School. Students will fill out an Expression of Interest form emailed by week 13 of each semester, where they will be asked to identify a potential topic and a supervisor.

How is LAWS WAM calculated? A student’s LAWS WAM is calculated as follows:

Admission procedure for the new Honours course

Students who successfully pass both Honours units will graduate with Second Class Honours if they have attained a LAWS WAM of less than 75.00 at the end of their degree.

1. Multiply the unit mark for all attempts of a graded LAWS unit by the value of that unit in terms of credit points; 2. Sum the resulting values (weighted marks); 3. Divide the sum of the weighted marks by the total value (in terms of credit points) of all graded LAWS units attempted by the student. For the purposes of Honours calculations, all graded units including Failed units are counted. This applies irrespective of whether you transferred courses. All grades prior to your course transfer are included. For further information, please contact the Convenor of the Bachelor of Laws (Honours) Program, Dr Rita Matulionyte E: rita.matulionyte@mq.edu.au

Students awarded Second Class Honours

Students who are accepted into Honours will complete two dedicated Honours units over the course of two semesters, (LAWS5910 and LAWS5920). These units are embedded in the Bachelor of Laws requirements, reducing the number of Law electives to six. You do not need to do an additional Honours year.

Students who successfully pass both Honours units will graduate with Second Class Honours if they have attained a LAWS WAM of 70.00 or above at the end of their degree.

• LAWS5910 Research Methodologies in Law • LAWS5920 Legal Research Project Note: LAWS5910 is a prerequisite for LAWS5920. Both units are taught fully online.

Please note that this information is correct as of July 2022 and is subject to change. For updated information, please refer to the Macquarie University Law Honours website, here Overview

From 2023 there will be a new Bachelor of Laws (Honours) course.

Students awarded First Class Honours

15Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide LAW HONOURS PROGRAM

Under the supervision of a Law School academic, students will be provided with a significant grounding in legal research in a research methodologies unit, and then go on to write a 10,000 word thesis in the following semester.

Eligibility Students will be eligible for the Bachelor of Laws (Honours) units if they meet the following two criteria:

1. have completed a minimum of 160 credit points in LAWS units, and 2. have a LAWS WAM of 75.00 or above. Required units All Honours students will need to complete the following units over two semesters:

16 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide EXCHANGE PROGRAM Please note that this information is correct as of July 2022 and is subject to change. For updated information, please refer to the Macquarie University Law Exchange website, here Macquarie University gives you the chance to travel the world while enriching your university experience through either a short-term or a semester exchange program. Participating in the exchange program will: • increase the value of your degree by adding an alternative perspective • help you become more confident and independent • enhance your career prospects – employers will look favourably on your overseas experience • immerse you in other cultures, and let you reflect on how you live in the world • build an international network as well as help you make new friends and travel • ensure you have an unforgettable adventure.

Undergraduate students

My second exchange program, which ended prematurely due to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, was a semesterexchange in Bengaluru, India. Having been awarded the Macquarie University Asia Society Scholarship, I had begun studying at the National Law School of India University, India’s #1 ranked law school. Despite my program being cut short, I had a brilliant time learning about the application and value of law from a Global-South perspective, studying subjects such as Artificial Intelligence and the Law through a critical lens to determine if international law sufficiently facilitates the interest of low-income countries in a globalised world. I spent three amazing weeks exploring northern India and Rajasthan prior to my exchange starting, visiting cultural landmarks including the Taj Mahal and Ghats of Varanasi. I would highly encourage everyone considering a semester exchange program to consider a destination outside of their comfort zone. Whilst I had some culture shocks in my first week of arriving, I’m incredibly grateful that I was able to explore a small part of one of the world’s richest cultures.

I’ve been fortunate to have undertaken two separate exchanges as part of my law degree. In January 2020, I completed a short-term exchange to the University of Vienna with 15 other Macquarie Law students. I studied three electives that allowed me to explore my passion for international law and deep-dive into specific areas of interest, notably Human Rights Law and European Courts and Tribunals. I lived with 5 other brilliant law students, including my best mate, completing weekend trips across Austria and neighbouring countries. The highlights of the month-long program were getting to see the Austrian Alps in winter, as well as getting to tour the United Nations Office in Vienna (which I was just slightly excited about). Between studying at an amazing campus, getting to explore central Europe, and making life-long memories with old and new friends, the University of Vienna exchange was undoubtedly one of the highlights of my law degree that I would recommend anyone give a go!

To be eligible for exchange, students need to ensure they satisfy the GPA requirements (please consult MQ Abroad/Macquarie International) and need to be (at least) in the fourth or fifth year of their LLB for undergraduate students. This means that students need to have completed a prerequisite of 39 credit points in LAW/LAWS (at the time the student departs for exchange – not necessarily at the time of application).

To be eligible for exchange, students need to ensure they satisfy the GPA requirements (please consult MQ Abroad/Macquarie International) and have completed 32 credit points (at the time the student departs for exchange – not necessarily at the time of application).

Postgraduate and JD students

Paul Kaletsis Exchange to Austria and India

The AGD is structured into five programs, the Australian Government Solicitor, Legal Services and Families, Integrity and International, Industrial Relations and Enabling Services.

Attorney General’s Department

Department of Communities and Justice

The Attorney General’s Department (AGD) delivers programs and policies which maintain and improve Australia’s law and justice framework. Additionally the AGD facilitates job growth and safe workplaces, provides legal services to the Commonwealth including advice and representation.

Interns work at the Law Reform and Sentencing Council Secretariat, ideally on a full-time basis for at least four weeks, over June to September. The internship is a paid position. An internship provides an opportunity to work closely with Law Reform Commissioners, Sentencing Council members and Secretariat staff and contribute directly to the development of proposals for law reform. Depending on the reference this could mean undertaking research, contributing to drafting consultation documents, assisting with consultation processes, or helping draft reports. For more information, visit Internship-Program.aspx.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/lrc/lrc_internship/About-the-https://www.lawreform.

The NSW Law Reform Commission (NSWLRC) provides legal policy advice to the Government on issues referred by the Attorney General. The Commission prepares reports which analyse and evaluate issues identified in society, and make recommendations to the government for legislative reform. Recent reports by the Commission have focussed on areas such as Parole, Guardianship, Privacy, mental impairment in the criminal justice system, access to justice and dispute resolution.

Government Internships NSW Law Reform Commission

The AGD summer internship program runs from November to February each year and offers the opportunity to work across diverse and important areas of law crucial to the Commonwealth. For more information visit, programsag.gov.au/about-us/careers/entry-level-employment-https://www..

The Department of Communities and Justice carries an important purpose across many areas of its work, particularly when it comes to improving outcomes for children and young people, Aboriginal people, people with disability, people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, people experiencing domestic and family violence, victims of sexual assault, juvenile offenders, people at high risk of reoffending, and people experiencing homelessness. A summer clerkship with the Policy, Reform and Legislation Branch provides a unique opportunity to be involved in formulating government policy, law reform and Parliamentary practice. You will have hands-on involvement in a range of projects from civil to criminal law policy and legislation development. For more information visit, justicepolicy/Pages/lpclrd/lpclrd_clerkship.aspxhttps://www.justice.nsw.gov.au/

17Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide External Opportunities Law students are able to seek out and gain experience in various roles, as a volunteer or an employee, during their time at Theseuniversity.opportunities allow you to apply the theory you have learned in classes to real world situations and gain a practical insight into the particular field or area, allowing you to be better informed about which path you pursue upon graduation. Examples of opportunities: • Law clerk or paralegal at a law firm • Intern at a court • Legal assistant to a barrister • Working in government legal departments • Volunteer at a community legal centre • Summer vacationer internship Where to find positions: • Macquarie University Career Hub • College of Law Jobs Board • Social Justice Opportunities • Community Legal Centres Australia • I work for NSW • GradConnection • General job websites such as Seek or Indeed PRE-GRADUATION INTERNSHIPS

What does a typical clerkship day look like at the DVA? I was lucky enough to be a Summer Clerk within the Royal Commission Legal Support (RC Legal Support) section and was mainly involved in managing the Department’s engagement with the Royal Commission into Defence and Veteran Suicide (RCDVS). I was able to be really hands-on from the beginning and was able to assist with preparing the Department’s responses to Notices issued by the RCDVS, coordinating Departmental input, conducting document discovery, and providing hearing and witness support. The clerkship also coincided with the Hearings themselves and I was able to listen in on them and assist with notetaking which was really interesting.

Summer Clerk at Department of Veterans’ Affairs 2021/22

Between work, we also had regular team meetings and coffee catch ups with our supervisors, buddy, other summer clerks and Directors from other teams. No two days were the same when working in the RC Legal Support team which made my experience that much more enjoyable and stimulating. What has been the highlight of this experience? It would have to be a tie between the people I worked with and the actual work. My team was incredibly welcoming when I first joined as a Clerk and have continued to support my learning and growth as I have transitioned into a Paralegal. The people I have worked with are diverse, inspiring, encouraging and always make time to have a quick catch up or answer any questions. Secondly, because of this experience I learnt that I have a strong interest in public law, and it’s been meaningful for me to know that I am able to serve the public interest. Whilst the work can be challenging at times, there is great variety in the work and I have been able to assist with policy, procurement and even witness preparation. What was the most challenging part about this experience? Due to the demanding and fast-paced nature of the RC Legal Support team, there was a need to quickly adapt to the changing environment, multitask and be able to deliver efficiently and effectively. This was especially daunting in the beginning of my Clerkship, but I quickly learnt that the supportive environment fostered at DVA made my role a little less challenging. I made sure to ask a lot of questions, check in with my supervisor and have a go at a variety of tasks.

Department of Veterans’ Affairs

Please describe your clerkship experience in 3 words. Incredible, Challenging, Enriching. Why did you choose to do a clerkship at the DVA? I was really looking to do something challenging, different and where the opportunities to learn would be endless. I knew that undertaking a clerkship with DVA would provide me with this but also give me exposure to a broad range of important work and propel me into the Australian Public Service. Overall, I was really looking to grow my skill set in government policy and the prospect of working in an inhouse Commonwealth Government legal practice greatly appealed to me. The chance to work and live in Canberra during the clerkship period also added to my interest in choosing to do a clerkship with DVA.

The University Vacation Employment Program (UVEP) is an 8-12 week paid summer internship designed to provide an opportunity for university students to experience a taste of Government. For more information visit, programs/uvepwww.infrastructure.gov.au/department/careers/entry-level-https://.

The Department of Veterans’ Affairs is a department of the Government of Australia, established in 1976, and charged with the responsibility of delivering government programs for war veterans, members of the Australian Defence Force, members of the Australian Federal Police, and their dependents. The Department of Veterans’ Affairs Summer Clerk Program gives current law students in their penultimate year of study, the opportunity to work in an inhouse Commonwealth Government legal practice. Clerks are employed at an APS3 level, and flexible start and end dates are considered to accommodate university schedules, with a total program period of about 3 months. For more information, visit program-MCLEWKKQ2RPNG3DG3CYJECTNEOHApathways-home/career-pathways-program/summer-clerk-https://www.apsjobs.gov.au/s/careerBrindha Srinivas

18 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development & Communications

The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts (the department) is responsible for the design and implementation of the Australian Government’s infrastructure, transport and regional development policies and programs, and is the lead agency for communications and the arts. We are at the forefront of the Australian Government’s efforts to connect our communities, secure the nation’s economic future, improve living standards, provide access to high quality communication services and ensure all Australians can enjoy diverse artistic and cultural experiences.

The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb) as the only international membership organisation dedicated to promoting all alternatives methods of dispute resolution, wants to play an important role in providing early exposure to ADR to students from across the globe, helping students such as you to become part of our diverse community and develop into a talented ADR practitioner in the future. Careers in Arbitration, as an online platform working to ensure that anyone, anywhere in the world has access to vacancies and advice to help them to succeed in the ADR arena, is delighted to be working with CIArb to provide this valuable learning opportunity to students. By undertaking this virtual experience programme, you will have the opportunity to experience some of the challenging issues that arise in real life cases and learn what it takes to manage them, guided by professionals in the field. For more information

The NSW Government has designed their Virtual Internship to help you build the skills and confidence needed to pursue a career in the Public Service. There are currently modules available in the areas of Policy, Digital and Data Analysis, and more modules will be added in the future. Throughout the program, you will gain practical skills to add to your CV and be given insight into some of the challenging problems that NSW Government Graduates tackle each day as they build the skills to become the leaders of tomorrow. This virtual internship is free for all students and accessible from anywhere in the world. For more information

A corporate internship is similar to a clerkship in that it provides students with a taste of what it will be like working in a multi-disciplinary professional services organisation as a graduate lawyer. Law students can often find a broad range of work experience as an intern for an organisation, especially as internships provide students with a different outlook to legal work when compared to a clerkship. There is generally a much greater focus on internal work and client-relationship management because interns are focused on servicing the single client in-house. The culture of in-house practices is such that the single client takes over the entire workload and will often request an on-the-spot solution to most legal Manyissues. large, corporate organisations have a formal internship program. The list of the types of organisations that provide internships include (but are not limited to):

ADR Student Experience Program

Virtual work experience programs contain real industry tasks, to develop transferable skills for workplace readiness. You don’t just learn new skills, you’re able to showcase your knowledge and get noticed by recruiters from top companies. No applications or experience are required. Learn highly relevant skills in your own time, at your own pace. You will learn relevant tools and skills necessary to complete tasks that replicate an employee’s work day.

ProgramLEvP9qwXSHsaZDBnB/NSW-Government-Virtual-https://www.theforage.com/virtual-internships/prototype/visit,

NSW Government Virtual Internship Program

Virtual-Experience-ProgramvDEim52AWqMcKqtk6/Chartered-Institute-of-Arbitrators-https://www.theforage.com/virtual-internships/prototype/visit,

Corporate Internships

• Banks and Financial Institutions • Multi-Nationals • Accounting Firms • Consultancy Firms • Telecommunications Companies • Retail and Supermarket Chains • Manufacturing Companies • Recruitment Agencies • Technology and Software Companies • Non-profits

19Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Virtual Internships

Leo Cussen Centre for Law provides those with a law degree hands-on, practical training to become effective lawyers. It offers the opportunity to run a criminal file from first contact with the client to appearing as advocate on their behalf in a simulated court environment. This internship introduces you to the forensic analysis and strategic foresight essential to persuasively advocate for your client, by replicating the type of work you would be asked to do in a live internship. The 3 modules are designed to build your capacity to critically analyse information from the perspective of therapeutic jurisprudence.

This program will give you an overview of the types of work that Marrickville Legal Centre does for its community. You will be introduced to vulnerable clients who have often experienced a crisis that leads them to seek the assistance of a community legal centre. You will be able to work through a matter step by step, alongside our solicitors, to help a client who may have been unfairly dismissed from their job. The concepts that arise through the module are representative of the actual work we do for our clients and will give you first-hand experience in working with a solicitor in a community legal centre. You will first be introduced to employment law and the concept of unfair dismissal and the jurisdiction of the Fair Work Commission. For more information, ExperiencesvXCedmH95uoKrxAE/Marrickville-Legal-Centre-Virtual-https://www.theforage.com/virtual-internships/prototype/visit

The modules increase in difficulty and we therefore recommend that you work through them sequentially. For more information, visit Leo-Cussen-Criminal-Law-Virtual-Experience-Programvirtual-internships/prototype/5K3NNxbkwjW6wg7ao/https://www.theforage.com/

OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

There are other opportunities where students can build their skill set for their future careers.

The New Colombo Plan Scholarship Program

The New Colombo Plan is intended to be transformational, deepening Australia’s relationships in the region, both at the individual level and through expanding university, business and other links.

Leo Cussen Criminal Law Virtual Internship

20 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The New Colombo Plan is a signature initiative of the Australian Government which aims to lift knowledge of the IndoPacific in Australia by supporting Australian undergraduates to study and undertake internships in the region.It encourages a two-way flow of students between Australia and the rest of our region, complementing the thousands of students from the region coming to Australia to study each year.

Check out the Forage course catalogue for more law virtual experience programs.

Marrickville Legal Centre Employment Law Virtual Experience Program

I am most excited to meet new people and learn as much as possible about the Pacific: its people, history, culture, and perspectives on global affairs, especially considering the geopolitical developments in the region at present. I love travelling and immersing myself in foreign cultures, and I’m excited for the many challenges and opportunities that will come my way. I hope to return from my NCP experience with a well-rounded understanding of the Pacific and how we can uplift Pacific perspectives in global affairs, applying this newfound knowledge to my professional career.

The NCP Scholarship has provided many benefits already, and has positively impacted my life across a number of different areas. Going through the application process, and ultimately receiving the Scholarship, has increased my ambition and confidence to create a meaningful impact in the world. I have formed close friendships and developed personal and professional relationships with dozens of brilliant emerging leaders across the country, each of whom will go on to move mountains in their respective fields.

What is the New Colombo Plan?

I first heard about NCP in 2018 as I was entering my third year of study, and the second year of my Bachelor of Laws degree. The short answer for applying was that I was instantly drawn to the possibilities NCP presented to achieve my personal and professional ambitions, and I was excited by the opportunity to study and deeply immerse myself in a foreign culture. Now, getting a little bit deeper. I discovered NCP at a point in life where I was looking to take the next step forwards, and I was very much still figuring out exactly where I wanted to fit within the world. I visualised myself living overseas, ideally working for the United Nations or a NGO to promote educational and leadership opportunities for youth in lowincome countries. Despite these lofty ambitions, as many young people often experience, I suffered from a lack of a clear direction. I didn’t know the first step to take, or even the correct path to go down. I thankfully had my “why”, but lacked the “how” I needed to make my goals a reality.

Talking with several NCP Scholars opened my eyes to possibilities that I previously didn’t know existed. Hearing about their experiences studying overseas, the internships they completed, and how their time abroad helped them become more confident, well-rounded people was the catalyst for me to apply.

From a professional perspective, receiving the Scholarship and meeting like-minded professionals has accelerated my career prospects and professional development. I have undertaken a more senior position in my current workplace, been selected as the Manager of Operations for the Pacific-Australia Youth Organisation, and even reached the final stage of the recruitment process to work for the Australian General Mission to the United Nations in New York (competing with mid-career professionals with UN experience). Receiving the Scholarship has really accelerated my career prospects, allowing me to pursue positions and opportunities that wouldn’t have otherwise become available for years down the track. What are you looking forward to most about your program?

Theregion.NCP comprises two separate programs: a Mobility Program offering grants for short-term or semester exchanges, and a longer Scholarship Program supporting students to undertake semester exchanges, internships, language training and mentorships for up to 19 months. The Scholarship program is valued up to $69,000 and is highly competitive, being awarded to approximately 120 undergraduate students nationally each year.

Paul Kaletsis 2021 New Colombo Plan Scholar (Vanuatu)

The New Colombo Plan (‘NCP’) is an Australian government initiative supporting Australian undergraduates to undertake study and internship opportunities throughout the IndoPacific region. Encompassing almost every country and territory between French Polynesia and Pakistan, the NCP aims to lift Australia’s knowledge and engagement with the Indo-Pacific by promoting Australia’s people-to-people connections and institutional linkages throughout the

Why did you apply for the NCP Scholarship?

Overall, my program will consist of spending 12 months across the Pacific. I will spend 6 months in Vanuatu, 3 months in Polynesia, and 3 months in Micronesia. The focus of my program is to become proficient in French and to undertake internships with organisations across the international development, international relations, and climate change adaptation sectors.

21Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

What have you gained from this opportunity so far?

Full and frank disclosure: the application process is long.

The more feedback you receive – from fellow applicants, previous Macquarie scholars, your assigned mentor, and even past Scholars from other universities – the greater your chances of success. Finally, if you’re unsuccessful and do not receive the Scholarship, that is okay! It is a very competitive process, and many Scholars do not receive Scholarships the first time around. It took me three attempts to finally get there. Don’t see rejection as a “failure”, but as an opportunity to pursue a new experience to develop yourself, and to seek feedback from current and former Scholars on how to improve.

Paul Kaletsis 2021 New Colombo Plan Scholar (Vanuatu)

What was the application process like? Any tips for managing stress or nerves during this process?

First, Macquarie University requires students to submit a written application, with shortlisted candidates then invited for an interview. After this interview, 10 students are nominated to DFAT, where there is another written application and in-person interview in Canberra. Overall, this process can take anywhere from 3-4 months.

There are three pieces of advice I would offer anyone thinking of applying (which you absolutely should!). Firstly, and this is general advice for any application, develop your own personal narrative. It is an incredibly valuable skill to clearly articulate who you are, where you have come from, the defining experiences you’ve had in life, and where you visualise yourself in the future. People want to hear your story - weave this into your application and your odds of success will massively increase. Second, get as much feedback on your application as possible (it’s not a law assignment, you need to work with others).

22 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The great news is that Macquarie International are genuinely incredible, and go above and beyond in supporting students throughout this process. As well as being incredibly helpful themselves, from 2021 they started a mentorship program where applicants are paired with a former Macquarie NCP Scholar to guide and help them throughout the DFAT application and interview. Combined, both of these create an incredible community of like-minded people who are there to support and help you reach your potential.

I was relatively calm throughout the process and went in without any expectations. The competition is just meant to be an opportunity and experience to improve your familiarity with application processes. If you happen to get through to the assessment centre, remain calm and confident, be yourself and believe that you’ve earned your place there. What has been the highlight of this experience?

What does being a leader mean to you? Being a leader means that you encourage others to be leaders too. Leadership is about empowering, encouraging and inspiring others around you to have a voice as well. I’m passionate about advocacy, so it’s important that everyone feels valued and has the opportunity to be heard. A leader can bring everyone together on the same page, motivate and help people ignite passion within themselves.

The Top100 Awards is a truly unique experience to develop your application skills, communication skills, and personal branding to give your career a head start before you even graduate. For more information, visit https://au.gradconnection.com/top100/future-leaders/ Kimberly La (Ashurst)

I met some really great friends around the country and the application process helped prepare me for other applications such as clerkships. It was also an opportunity for me to meet recruiters from different firms which helped when it came to clerkship interviews because there was a familiar face. The Awards Night was also a fun event to top it all off with good food, drinks and photos!

What is the process like?

Top100 Future Leaders Clifford Chance Social Impact Award

The Top 100 Awards process is similar to a job/clerkship/ grad application. First, you submit a nomination for yourself or for someone else and if you pass that stage, you sit a psychometric test and a series of video interviews. If you’re accepted into the top 10 for your category then you’ll be invited to the assessment centre which is a full day consisting of an individual interview, group interviews and various sessions. Afterwards, everyone will be invited to attend the Awards Night which is an opportunity to network, eat great food, have some drinks and find out who the winner for each category is! How did you manage stress/nerves during the application process?

TOP100 Future Leaders Competition

23Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Be recognised as one of Australia’s top future graduate talents and you might see your face in the Australian Financial Review. You will be put through your paces and be given a taste of a full graduate recruitment process - even putting you in front of some of Australia’s top employers for interviews!

What is the Top100 Future Leaders Competition?

The competition is an opportunity for students to experience the recruitment process and network with recruiters from different industries. It’s an award that recognises wellrounded students who have contributed to their community or have put in extra efforts outside of their academics.

24 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide VOLUNTEERING Volunteering is a useful way to widen your network and build your professional skills, often while adding value to a worthwhile cause. Volunteering can take place at virtually any organisation, however many volunteering positions will be for charitable organisations, like the Cancer Council, or social justice and public interest causes, such as RACS (Refugees Advice and Casework Service) and other non-profits. Volunteering programs are offered by many different types of organisations, from very small to international organisations, including (but not limited to): • Amnesty International • LegalAid • Arts Law Centre of Australia • Australian Pro Bono Centre • Diverse Women in Law • RACS • UNICEF • Voiceless • World Food Programme • Community Legal Centres • United Nations Young Professionals Programme

Applications for Student Volunteers open annually, usually around January, and involve a written application and an interview with a Board member. Before applications open I would recommend students to attend DWL events and get involved in the various initiatives offered. This will assist people in deciding what portfolio may be best for them, and it will also help them network with some amazing individuals who are a part of DWL.

The senior legal practitioners at DWL are always interested in mentoring students and young legal professionals, so my interactions with them have widened my understanding of the law itself and the ways in which diverse people can thrive while also helping others thrive in the legal field. Like any professional role in the legal sector, being a student volunteer for DWL also develops your social, professional and advocacy skills. For example, you’re often communicating with legal professionals, adhering to task deadlines, working collaboratively with your team and demonstrating creativity and leadership in your initiatives. What has been the highlight of this volunteering experience? Even though my whole experience has been a highlight, one of the most significant moments for me was when Judge Dina Yehia, the Chairwoman of DWL, was sworn into the NSW Supreme Court recently. Her Honour became the first women of Greek-Egyptian descent to sit on the court’s HerBench.Honour is an integral part of DWL, and is regularly involved in initiatives across all portfolios, and has been key in raising awareness regarding socio-legal issues faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

25Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Judge Yehia often alludes to her diverse upbringing and how she moved to Australia at the age of 7. As someone from a diverse background who also migrated to Australia at the age of 7, and as a DWL Student Volunteer, witnessing Her Honour create history has been awe-inspiring. Occurrences like this are a testament to all the diverse people who have come before us, and those who continue to pave the way for future generations.

I am a Student Volunteer in DWL’s Social Justice, Government and Advocacy (SGA) Portfolio. SGA is one of DWL’s 7 portfolios, with the others being Criminal Law, Commercial Law, Career Progression, Policy & Research, Strategy and Membership, Media & Communications. The initiatives organised by SGA aim to provide students and legal professionals with opportunities to interact with a variety of government agencies and other non-corporate organisations. In addition to government-oriented career events, the Portfolio also concentrates on Social Justice in the law. For example, two of our upcoming events, Indigenous Women in the Law and an event with the Disabled Australian Lawyers Association, will be focusing on greater representation, accessibility and social justice in the legal profession. My role in SGA includes, but is not limited to, arranging guest speakers for the initiatives, managing event administration, organising questions, creating event structures and assisting on the day of the Atevent.the moment I am also assisting with DWL’s operations related tasks, which has allowed me to work with the Board on the DWL recruitment process. In this role I help the Board arrange communications and meetings with legal professionals who are interested in being involved in DWL as Senior Managers or Portfolio Managers. How did you get involved with DWL?

Anshika Sharma Diverse Women in Law Student Volunteer

In my application and interview I expressed a keen interest in the SGA Portfolio, because of my passion for legal government careers and social advocacy. DWL is always looking to match volunteers with the sectors and topics of law they are passionate about. What skills have you developed and what did you learn?

There is a common theme amongst all DWL initiatives – how diversity can be used as a strength socially and professionally. This is the most important skill I have learnt at DWL. DWL has equipped me, and others, with the necessary knowledge and tools to champion diversity and representation in the law. It has also provided me with a greater understanding of the barriers experienced by a plethora of diverse individuals, consequently allowing me to become a more informed law student and ally.

Please describe your experience at DWL in 3 words Empowering, important and dynamic!

What is your role at DWL?

Through MULS! Even though I was aware of DWL as an organisation, I was exposed to the society’s mission and workings after the 2021 MULS x DWL Social Justice Event. At this event I was able to speak with DWL executives and discuss how I could further get involved in the society.

26 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

A unique element of learning from volunteering at the ICLC came from the broad range of people who seek the centre’s services and the necessary understanding of diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences. For example, on many occasions, I would be required to utilise a translator service to remedy a language barrier with a client. What was the most rewarding part of your time at ICLC?

What was your role at Inner-City Legal Centre?

How did you get involved at ICLC?

The most rewarding aspect of volunteering at the InnerCity Legal Centre is the unique nature of what each day could entail. Each day I interacted with clients from all different backgrounds experiencing a broad array of legal and non-legal issues. I gained exposure to areas of employment, criminal, civil, immigration, sex work, and family law. The opportunity to contribute to the community whilst deepening my understanding of the challenges that marginalised communities face in accessing justice was the most rewarding aspect of my time at the ICLC.

Volunteering at a community legal centre is an enriching and, at times, eye-opening experience. You will be exposed to a broad range of diverse backgrounds and life experiences, to which there is an immense value to be gained during your legal education from your contribution. Accordingly, I recommend CLC involvement to fellow students and would advise you to seek the opportunity to volunteer or potentially complete your Practical Legal Training within a critical aspect of non-profit community-based legal services.

Inner-City Legal Centre Student Volunteer

I worked remotely during my time at the ICLC, with each morning commencing with a team meeting over Microsoft Teams. Alongside the other volunteers and ICLC solicitors, we would catch up, discuss the work to be completed during the day, allocate roles and responsibilities, and touch on any developments to be factored into the working day. Then, the ICLC phone line would be activated, and clients would begin calling the centre. The several volunteer students rostered each shift would be responsible for receiving the clients’ calls, discussing their situation and suitability to access the ICLC’s service, whilst organising and maintaining the volunteer solicitors’ appointments and schedule. What advice would you give to students considering experience at a community legal centre?

The Inner-City Legal Centre (ICLC) is a non-profit organisation that is publicly funded and offers free legal advice and assistance, engages in community legal education, and advocates for law, policy, and administrative reform. The role of a student volunteer at the ICLC shares similarities with that of a legal clerk. That is, being responsible for front-of-house administration, liaising with clients, providing legal information, organising referrals, and organising client appointments to receive one-off legal advice from volunteer solicitors.

My involvement at the ICLC originated from an introduction to Phoebe Mountain, a Lawyer at the ICLC, during the MULS Junior Client Interview competition and further during a MULS Alternative Careers Panel. I was interested in gaining legal experience in a broad community-based organisation that promoted addressing barriers to justice faced by marginalised communities. Hence, I sought the advice of some people working within CLCs and applied. In seeking volunteer opportunities at the ICLC and other Community Legal Centres (CLC), I would advise emailing to inquire when their next round of volunteer inductions would be taking place and then apply following the process advised by the CLC. What skills did you develop and what did you learn?

Due to my role at the Inner-City Legal Centre, being the front-of-house administration and the first point of call for clients, solid professional etiquette and client interview skills were constantly exercised. It was my role to converse with the clients, actively listen to and analyse the situation, identify the legal and non-legal issues, and engage with the client to ensure the collection of all necessary information.

What does a typical day at work look like?

Brendan Piech

Practising in Australia Academic And Practical Legal Training Requirements Admission To Practice Practising Solicitors In New South Wales Practising Barristers In New South Wales Practising Federal Law 2 andAdmissionPractice

Practicing in Australia

PLT is a structured training program that will develop your practical skills and proficiency in the day-to-day practice of law. It is usually undertaken at the completion of your law degree and is an essential requirement for admission as a lawyer in Australia. Successful completion of a PLT program leads to the award of a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice (GDLP), which makes you eligible to apply for admission as a legal practitioner in your jurisdiction. the PLT requirements include both structured and supervised training experience.

For

and workplace

The training could include: • Lawyer’s Skills • Problem Solving • Work Management and Business Skills • Trust and Office Accounting • Civil Litigation Practice • Commercial and Corporate Practice • Property Law Practice • Ethics and Professional Responsibility • Two of the following electives: » Administrative Law Practice » Banking and Finance » Criminal Law Practice » Consumer Law Practice » Employment and Industrial Relations Practice » Family Law Practice » Planning and Environmental Practice » Wills and Estates Practice

Following graduation from a law degree accredited by the Legal Profession Admission Board (LPAB), prospective practitioners must complete a practical legal training (PLT) program. The PLT is available through the College of Law, UNSW, UTS and the University of Newcastle.

In New South Wales,

The training takes approximately three months full-time or eight months part-time. Workplace experience requires up to 75 working days (15 weeks) of supervised experience in the delivery of legal services. If you have completed substantial legal work under the supervision of a practising lawyer for some time, you may credit those hours to your PLT. Ask your firm/organisation about their PLT policies. more information, visit https://www.lawsociety.com.au/practical-legal-training

The College of Law’s aim is to help you launch your legal career successfully – with the skills and confidence to contribute immediately. They achieve this goal through integrating three essential program components, which you have up to four years to complete.

Practical Legal Training

College of Law

28 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

29Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide 1 Coursework 2 Work Experience 3 Continuing Professional Education At the College of Law, you will learn by doing, not just reading. You will learn key areas of competence through everyday scenarios that parallel real-life practice. With no academic essay writing, you will solve everyday legal problems and complete hands-on tasks, such as: • Negotiating contracts and resolving real-life disputes • Drafting Contracts for Sale of real property and businesses • Drafting Statements of Claims and Affidavits • Identifying and solving common problems for clients • Operating trust accounts, billing and file management You will complete five compulsory subjects and two electives in one of the following study modes: • Online • Blended • Evening • On campus You will apply your knowledge to everyday problems in a legal environment. Choose from three ••formats:0days15days (25 days in WA) • 75 days You have a huge range of opportunities that may count towards your Work Experience component. Examples include: • Summer clerkships • Paralegal work • Volunteering at community legal centres • A placement with Legal Aid • Working with the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions • Tax or legal division of chartered accountants • Government policy and planning work of a legal nature • Judge’s associate or tipstaff • Assisting barristers in chambers • Working in government or semi-government legal departments • Assisting Tribunal members • Company in-house legal departments The future of law is changing. As a new lawyer, you’ll need more than technical knowledge to set yourself apart. The Continuing Professional Education component will introduce you to the new skills law firms and recruiters are looking for in a modern lawyer. You will complete 10 online interactive modules that will teach you business and technological skills so you can add value to the workplace and prepare you for the future of legal practice. For more information, visit https://www.collaw.edu.au/learn-with-us/our-programs/practical-legaltraining-programs

•

experience. You can

PLT 100% online.

Format 1: Coursework + Workplace Experience + Workplace Experience Suitable for students who want to have their relevant work experience recognised, and also for those with no or limited work experience. Immersive workshop 5 days of immersive workshops. From term 3 2021, this will be delivered completely online. Online coursework 19 weeks of online courses Work Experience 1 20 days Work Experience 2 20 days

Format 2: Coursework + Workplace Experience 1 + Practicum Ideal for students with limited work experience who wish to add further specialised skills, knowledge and/or experience to their PLT qualification. Immersive workshop 5 days of immersive workshops. From term 3 2021, this will be delivered completely online. Online coursework 19 weeks of online courses Work Experience 1 20 days Practicum 20-25 days. The Practicum gives you opportunities for additional specialised experience, skills, and knowledge, with guidance from UNSW. It also supports students who find it difficult to accrue enough work experience to complete the PLT program. more information, visit professional-practice?studentType=Domestichttps://www.unsw.edu.au/study/postgraduate/graduate-diploma-in-legalUNSW

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The UNSW PLT program is made up of two components: and workplace choose between two to complete the From term 3 2021, UNSW will continue to offer

coursework

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formats

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program.

For

30 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide UNSW Practical Legal Training Law graduates who intend to seek admission to the legal profession will benefit from the UNSW Graduate Diploma in Legal Professional Practice (GDLPP) qualification. Their distinctive, practice–ready PLT program develops practical skills and proficiency in the day to day practice of law. The GDLPP is innovatively designed to surpass entry-level professional competency standards Why choose PLT with UNSW? 1. Educational Excellence Ranked 13th law faculty in the world* *QS World University Rankings by Subject, 2021 2. Progressive Incorporates best–practice emergent educational technologies 3. Flexible Choose where and when you study in a mostly digital pathway to practice 4. Quality Courses developed with subject matter experts from across the profession 5. UNSW Law & Justice Careers Service Exclusive service that enhances and maximises your employability 6. High Engagement Courses based on a practitioner mentor model that prioritises student engagement 7. Workplace experience Unique professional opportunities, including UNSW in-house clinics and centres Program Structure

For more information, see cpd-rules-nsw-lawyersForattendingProfessionalContinuingThesolicitor-in-NSW/your-practising-certificate/conditionshttps://www.lawsociety.com.au/practising-law-in-NSW/working-as-a-certificateisrenewedannually,subjecttocompliancewiththerequirementsofMandatoryLegalEducation(MCLE),accordingtowhichasolicitormustcomplete10ContinuingDevelopmentpointsannually.Thiswillrangeinhourcommitmentsandcanincludeseminars,publishingjournalarticles,studyingprivately,orgivinglectures.moreinformationoncontinuingprofessionaldevelopment,seehttps://lawcpd.com.au/mcle-and-.

Once your application is approved, you will be admitted as an Australian Lawyer in the relevant State or Territory’s Supreme Court. Once admitted, you may practise either as a barrister (by sitting the rigorous Bar exam and obtaining a practising certificate through the New South Wales Bar Association), or as a solicitor (by obtaining a practising certificate through the Law Society of New South Wales).

To practise, solicitors in NSW must hold a practising certificate issued by the NSW Law Society. After receiving the certificate, you must complete two years of supervised practice. In addition, you must undertake an approved Practice Management Course if you wish to practise as the principal of a legal practice.

Admission To Practice

31Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Practising Solicitors In New South Wales

In your application to the LPAB for admission, you must disclose anything that the LPAB may consider as conduct that does not meet the ‘fit and proper’ character test. Disclose early and as much as possible. Take responsibility for your misconduct, if any, and show how you have changed to meet the ‘fit and proper’ standard. Foreign degrees or practitioners admitted overseas may also apply, subject to approval from the admitting body.

For more information about admission as a lawyer in New South Wales, visit https://www.lpab.justice. Fornsw.gov.au/Pages/admission-lawyer/admission-lawyer.aspx.moreinformationaboutobtainingabarristers’practising certificate, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/ Forbar-standards/practising-certificates.moreinformationaboutobtaining a solicitors’ practising certificate, practising-certificatehttps://www.lawsociety.com.au/practising-law-in-NSW/working-as-a-solicitor-in-NSW/your-visit.

The Bar Practice Course aims to be practical and as close to real life experiences as far as possible. Some advocacy exercises are presided over by judicial officers and involve witnesses drawn from relevant professional fields. Participants can expect contributions from judges, magistrates, senior counsel, experienced barristers and some professionals from disciplines other than the law. Their contribution make the course an ideal introduction to practise as a new barrister in NSW.

Practising Barristers In New South Wales

• have the ability to navigate sensitive ethical issues they may encounter in practice and that they are familiar with legislation, Barristers Rules and other relevant authority that assist in ensuring barristers can fulfil their professional obligations and respond appropriately;

• gain practical insights into life and practice at the New South Wales Bar; and

Eligibility to be a barrister

For more information, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/becoming-a-barrister/bar-practice-course.

• sit and pass the Bar exam to the required standard; and

• be admitted as a lawyer in an Australian jurisdiction. The Legal Profession Admission Board is the admitting authority in NSW;

• form a strong spirit of professional support among new members.

All methods strive to illuminate the role and responsibilities of barristers and their important place and role in the community in the administration of justice and the maintenance of the rule of law.

The New South Wales Bar exam

In particular, the NSW Bar exam ensures that all persons admitted to practise as a barrister in NSW:

You do not have to be admitted as a practitioner to the Supreme Court of NSW before you sit the Bar exam. For more information, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/becoming-a-barrister/bar-exams.

32 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Bar Practice course

The New South Wales Bar Association requires persons who wish to be admitted to practise as a barrister in NSW to sit the Bar exam. The exam assists in ensuring that a high standard of legal skill and knowledge is maintained within the profession.

• develop advanced advocacy, mediation, and other barrister skills;

To be eligible to become a barrister in New South Wales you must:

• complete the reading program which includes registration and satisfactory participation in the Bar Practice Course and one year of readership under the supervision of a tutor.

• are familiar with rules of evidence and practice and procedure that are reasonably expected to be the general and basic knowledge and skill required a barrister (this is distinct from matters that the Bar accepts that a barrister may need to ‘to look it up’ from time to time).

The Bar Practice Course is run twice a year – in May and September - for four weeks (including two Saturdays). Participants in the Bar Practice Course can expect to:

The course is delivered through lectures, workshops, court practice sessions and informal discussions.

a barrister in NSW, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/.

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Practising Federal Law

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The Reading Program

To practise in a court exercising federal jurisdiction, you must be entitled to practise in the Supreme Court of a State or Territory, and be on the High Court of Australia’s Register of ForPractitioners.moreinformation about lodging an application to be registered in the High Court, see https:// www.hcourt.gov.au/registry/register-of-practitioners

After you complete the Bar Practice Course but before the end of your 12 month reading period, the following requirements are also imposed on readers: Criminal and civil reading requirements; and Continuing Professional Development Program (CPD).

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The period of reading commences when your practising certificate is issued. A readers’ practising certificate will have the following conditions attached: a month-long full time course – the Bar Practice Course; and 12 months’ reading period with one or more barristers (tutors) of not less than seven years’ standing. The 12 months includes the period of the Bar Practice Course.

For more information, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/becoming-a-barrister/reading

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For more information about obtaining a barristers’ practising certificate, visit https://nswbar.asn.au/ bar-

Forstandards/practising-certificatesmoreinformationaboutbecoming

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Private Law Commercial Law Family In-houseLawLawyer or Counsel Public Law Criminal Law The GovernmentBarrister’sCourtsChambersDepartments and Agencies Human Rights and Social Justice Environmental Law InternationalAcademiaTechnology Law 3 Legal Careers

Commercial law is a broad area that concerns commercial activity and the businesses and individuals which are involved in them. It encompasses many smaller areas of law such as tax, mergers and acquisitions and banking and finance. Commercial lawyers generally assist their clients in navigating the complexities of the laws governing their businesses and provide business advice.

How has Dive In helped with your understanding of the legal industry? The Dive In Program helped me gain a unique insight into life at Allens, and top tier commercial law firms more broadly. We had the opportunity to speak to lawyers across a wide variety of practice areas who answered all of our questions about life in commercial practice, the sorts of work and matters they were involved in and how to get involved. I built a fantastic network of peers and lawyers that I still reach out to today. The program is definitely a great way to learn more about commercial law and get a feel for the people and culture at Allens.

Commercial lawyers typically work at large firms or inhouse for an organisation, but small law firms also do some work in this area. The types of work lawyers would typically perform vary depending on the practice group and include litigious, transactional, and advisory work.

If you are a pre-penultimate student and are curious about the world of commercial law, you can apply to programs like Allens Dive In and King & Wood Mallesons Insight to develop a greater understanding of careers in commercial law.

What did you get out of participating in the Allens Dive In program? By participating in the Dive In Program, I overcame many feelings of imposter syndrome and doubt about commercial law firms. I enjoyed getting to know fellow participants from a variety of universities and developed my ongoing interest for pursuing a career in commercial law.

More information can be found on commercial law and law firms in the Clerkship Guide.

Which was your favourite session and why? My favourite session (other than the socialising) was definitely the Zoom session which I can only describe as Practice Area Speed Dating. There were lawyers representing basically every practice area within the firm and we had around five minutes to ask all our burning questions about their practice. It was a lot of fun and the speed of the experience removed any inhibitions about asking “silly” questions. It exposed me to practice areas I hadn’t even thought of and challenged my assumptions about practice areas I did know about. We had the opportunity to meet many of the lawyers in person later in the program, and the Zoom session served as a great icebreaker.

As a graduate, you often will not be expected to have a large amount of background knowledge and you will learn much of the skills and commercial awareness on the job. Therefore, commercial law is a broad discipline and interesting for many law students, whether they enjoy business advisory, transactional work, or litigation.

35Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Private Law COMMERCIAL LAW Taylor McCoy Allens Dive In Participant

What is the most rewarding part of your job? What has been the most challenging part about your job? There is significant time and cost to family law that adds pressure to achieve successful outcomes. The emotional cost of having a client’s access to their children restricted is equal to the financial cost involved in negotiating a property settlement. Apart from securing desirable outcomes for your client both in and out of court, the most rewarding part of the job is empowerment. Through your work, you play a significant role in an emotionally volatile stage of your client’s life. Equipping individuals with the tools to navigate the storm and positioning them to be able to rebuild their lives is majorly rewarding. For me, this especially manifests in counselling women to leave emotionally, physically and financially abusive relationships. Working with them to reach a place of financial independence and peace of mind is very fulfilling. What is your advice to law students interested in working in family law?

Why family law?

Samantha Jabbour Family Law

Some boutique firms also take on some legal aid clients, which will allow you to engage with a diverse range of matters and clients if you decide to apply as a paralegal or assistant, or later down the track as a lawyer. These firms may have exclusive practice in family law and include lawyers who are collaborative lawyers, accredited specialists, or some firms will practise in additional types of law such as criminal law.

What is family law?

According

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Family law deals with the regulation of family relationships. These types of issues can range from the settlement of large property pools between separated parties to recovery orders that can require family members to return children that have been taken. Other types of family law issues concern divorce, care and protection of children, wills and estates, adoption, and surrogacy. The interesting thing about this area of law is the regulation of these intimate family relationships, and the constant question about how far the law should go in regulating this often-private area of people’s lives – has it gone too far, or has it not gone far enough?

36 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide FAMILY LAW

Top Tier Family Law Firms to the Doyles ‘Leading Family & Divorce Law Firms Sydney 2022’, top tier family law firms include: Family Law Doolan Broun Abrahams Burreket Emerson Boutique Family Law Firms

• ATW

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• Barkus

Family law is dynamic and human. It extends beyond the boundaries of ‘divorce’ and ‘custody’ and touches on many different areas of law and dispute resolution. It’s both challenging and empowering, requiring a tactful and strategic approach to each matter. What does the day in the life look like at a family law firm? Each day is varied and brings its own set of challenges. The nature of family law is deeply rooted in dispute resolution which takes many forms, be it negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation. Having several matters running simultaneously means you find yourself at times having to prepare cases in respect to all four processes. The work is demanding and requires that you show up on all fronts in order to achieve favourable outcomes.

• Pearson

Community Services Legal Aid and the Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) also provide family law services. Working in one of these roles will allow you to assist clients from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds and is essentially where private law and social justice intersect.

To work in family law, you must be passionate about the cause. The work is both mentally and emotionally taxing and requires a deep commitment to your clients in order to achieve desirable outcomes. In addition to emotional intelligence, tenacity and work ethic, success in this area requires a global approach to the law that is underpinned by a practical understanding of commercial principles; particularly, those rooted in corporate law, tax law, property law, equity, trusts and estates.

What is family law?

Boutique law firms generally offer an intimate and handson experience for paralegals and assistants, where you have the great opportunity to engage with almost every step of the matter from the intake of clients to the court preparation of a court hearing. As such, the work is rewarding and provides a great learning environment.

You

What does the day in the life of an in-house lawyer look like?

What is the most rewarding aspect of your job?

I love my job for so many reasons, but the two most rewarding aspects are as follows – the first, it is being able to contribute to creating products and services that bring people genuine happiness. Who doesn’t love watching their favourite teams hit it out on the pitch, or bingewatching on their favourite tv shows! I’m grateful that I get to sit back each evening and see my work in action.

In-house lawyers are required to combine their legal skills and their deep understanding of the organisation to not only offer legal advice, but advice on business solutions and strategy. In-house teams often assist with handling transactions, intellectual property, supply chain management, acquiring of assets, dealing with regulators, and reducing their employer’s legal exposure when launching new products or services. In-house lawyers work to resolve legal issues when they arise in the company, but also work to train and support the business to prevent such issues from arising at all. They are often given greater exposure to the business’ challenges and help them achieve their commercial goals.

• Bring in

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There has been significant growth in the number of inhouse lawyers in Australia, with now 90% of Australian organisations having at least one in-house counsel. Additionally, in-house teams are seen as leading the way in automating and implementing innovative legal services and encouraging client autonomy.

where

IN-HOUSE In-house lawyers are employed by their organisation and only work for one client. In-house legal departments can be found in a range of organisations, from banks, government, media, and pharmaceutical companies. will be expected to: Hold expertise in your employer’s area of business Manage corporate risk and compliance Manage change within the organisation external counsel necessary

I’ll preface my answer by saying that no two days are the same, except that every day has to start with a coffee! My daily workflows are generally guided by the projects the business is working on. A typical day can be anything from reviewing and negotiating content, production, marketing, talent and partnerships contracts, to reviewing and advising on commercial integrations, marketing, creative and offer campaigns. In-house roles require you to be flexible and able to shift your focus from one area of the law (and business) to another very quickly – and to be able to juggle competing priorities.

37Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Why in house-counsel? In-house counsel are genuine partners of the business. We are integrated into projects, processes and provide valued advice across every aspect of running the business. We don’t just provide legal advice, we provide practical solutions (that are legally sound) to help solve problems –and we get to see this advice in action. Our clients are our colleagues (for me, the content, marketing, production and partnerships teams, to name a few), so a major part of our role is balance – whether it is balancing our legal advice with the commercial interests of the teams we are working with; balancing our collegiate relationships with our professional duties; or balancing risk versus reward when advising on commercial dealings. In-house counsel roles offer the unique opportunity to engage across a wide range of legal practice areas, for me this is intellectual property, contracts, media, competition and consumer law and privacy law – and occasionally dabbling in employment, tax and insurance law. We are legal ‘generalists’, but also specialists for our respective industries. It is a challenging and rewarding job, in the best sense.

Second is being able to integrate my passion for sports with my legal career. As a student, I didn’t know that these kinds of career paths existed so I am grateful to get to do what I love every day, and to have the opportunity to help people, whose shoes I was once in, learn and understand about the different places your legal career can take you.

Calli Tsipidis Legal Counsel at FOX SPORTS Australia

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38 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

In my role as legal support and advisor to the business, I also help to advise on commercial interests while ensuring we are acting in line with (i) all of our legal and regulatory obligations, (ii) our contractual obligations, and (iii) helping to manage internal and external relationships (with content suppliers, vendors and other external parties). With all that in mind, it might not come as a surprise that balancing my different workstreams and roles can be challenging, as can balancing competing priorities and deadlines across different brands and their various projects. I am a big believer in effective communication, and setting clear deadlines and expectations with the teams I work with, so that I can best support their needs – and get everything done in time!

1. Be open minded – check for job opportunities regularly, but don’t be discouraged if there isn’t anything available right when you want it. There are some wonderful roles that are not necessarily ‘legal’ and can help you get your foot in the door or show you a different way of putting your legal skills into action. There may also be opportunities that are not paid (e.g., internships), however these will often provide you with unique insights into a business and are invaluable in introducing you to people in a business and industry.

2. Be proactive – if you’re passionate about a specific industry (e.g., media) and there aren’t any opportunities advertised, be proactive and reach out to see if there is a way for you to get involved, even if just for a short period of time. You have everything to gain from taking the chance and letting people know you are keen.

My top three tips:

What is your advice to law students interested in working in an in-house role?

In-house roles are a wonderful way to see how so many different areas of the law work in practice – every day provides an opportunity for you to add value and provide advice that is unique to the business you work for, and see the outcomes of your advice first hand. In-house roles, especially for juniors, aren’t necessarily easy to come by. So if this is the path you wish to follow, the best way to equip yourself is to get as much experience as possible, which will put you in good stead for an opportunity when it arises.

What has been the highlight of your career so far? I was extremely honoured to have been recognised by my peers and named the ‘Sports and Entertainment Lawyer of the Year’ at the 2022 Lawyers Weekly Corporate Counsel Awards. I am still pinching myself! I also had the pleasure of advising on the build and launch of three streaming services – Kayo Sports, BINGE and Flash News. These were all such significant projects for our business and, for Kayo in particular, it was a very rewarding task knowing that I was involved in bringing to life a product that would be such a game-changer for sports fans, and a product that I personally use almost every day. On a personal level, a highlight was meeting the entire South Sydney Rabbitohs team at their pre-season shoot at our studios, only a couple of months into my role. I certainly haven’t adjusted to seeing sports stars wandering around the office everyday but I have learnt how to make my excited gasps (slightly) less audible.

3. Connect with people – don’t be afraid to ask your boss, lecturers, tutors or peers for career advice; reach out to people whose careers you admire on LinkedIn; introduce yourself at a networking event; or even offer to buy someone a cup of coffee to pick their brain on their career path, their role and tips they may have for you. Building friendships and genuine connections with your peers in the industry will only help you in the long run.

What has been the most challenging aspect of your job?

FOX

Calli Tsipidis Legal Counsel at SPORTS Australia

In my role, I work across the Foxtel Group of companies. This includes FOX SPORTS, Foxtel, Foxtel for Business, Kayo Sports, BINGE, Flash News and our international streaming products (Watch AFL and Watch NRL products). This provides me with a fantastic opportunity to work across varied brands with different propositions every day, providing me exposure to many different areas of the law.

The Commission’s work is designed to enhance public confidence in the judiciary by promoting the highest standards of judicial behaviour and decision making. It: provides a continuing education and training program for NSW judicial officers. publishes information about the criminal law to assist the courts to achieve consistency in imposing sentences and more generally in the conduct of criminal proceedings. examines complaints about judicial officers’ ability or Forbehaviour.further information, visit https://www.judcom.nsw.gov. au/

CRIMINAL LAW Aboriginal Legal Service

39Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) opened its doors in 1970 in Redfern as the first Aboriginal Legal Service in Australia, and the first free legal assistance service in the country. The ALS does legal work in criminal law, children’s care and protection law and family law. The ALS recruits various paralegals and graduate lawyers across NSW to facilitate in offering a diverse and widespread service. For further information, visit https://www.alsnswact.org.au/criminal

Criminal law covers a range of criminal offences and there are different statutes for each State and Territory, in addition to a Federal Act. Criminal lawyers can be divided into two broad types: defence lawyers and prosecution lawyers. Defence lawyers represent individuals or groups that are accused of a criminal offence. Their tasks generally include appearing in court, communicating with third parties such as police, briefing a criminal barrister and advising the client. Prosecution lawyers will similarly brief barristers and liaise with other parties such as victims and police. Law firms, particularly boutique firms, work on criminal law matters as do government agencies. Legal Aid NSW Legal Aid NSW is a state-wide organisation providing legal services to socially and economically disadvantaged people across NSW. Legal Aid delivers legal services in most areas of criminal, family and civil law. Almost all services delivered by Legal Aid NSW are provided to people from disadvantaged groups. This includes people on low incomes, people from rural and regional areas and people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Legal Aid NSW is strongly committed to providing services for Aboriginal people in NSW across a range of areas of law. Legal Aid, similar to the ALS, recruits various paralegals and graduate lawyers across NSW. For further information visit https:// www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au/what-we-do/criminal-law.

Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions

Public Law

The Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) is an independent prosecution service established by the federal Parliament to prosecute offences under Commonwealth Law. The CDPP performs similar functions to the ODPP, however in a federal capacity with offices in all states and territories. For further information visit https:// www.cdpp.gov.au/careers

Judicial Commission of NSW

The Judicial Commission of NSW is an independent statutory corporation established under the Judicial Officers Act 1986. The Commission reports to the Parliament of NSW and publishes information about the criminal law, to assist the courts to achieve consistency in imposing sentences and more generally in the conduct of criminal proceedings.

The Office of the Director of Public Prosecution (ODPP) NSW is the independent prosecuting body for the state of New South Wales. The ODPP is responsible for prosecuting serious offences in the Children’s Court, and the Local, District and Supreme Courts. The NSW ODPP offers a graduate recruitment development program. The program is available in offices across Sydney and regional areas on a full time basis for a 12 month period. Graduates gain paid legal experience in criminal prosecutions, the opportunity to network with senior lawyers and Crown Prosecutors, extensive training and feedback, and flexible work practices. For further information, visit the development-programhttps://www.odpp.nsw.gov.au/about-us/careers/legal-

NSW Office of Director of Public Prosecutions

Producing recent law items and case summaries for the Judicial Information Research Systems (JIRS) database and hearing positive feedback from magistrates and solicitors is a great feeling. It is a rewarding organisation to be a part of where the tangible output of your work directly promotes the efficiency and vitality of the judicial system. What has been the greatest challenge of your role? The greatest challenge has been adapting my writing style. The Research division has a unique, concise and direct writing style. I have been blessed with a supportive team and consistent feedback which has helped me hone my writing. A secondary opportunity has been improving my ability to process large pieces of information by researching and synthesising complex judgements. This process has become easier over time, through habit and consistency. What advice would you give to law students interested in research?

What is your role at the Judicial Commission of NSW?

A typical day usually involves working on a variety of written tasks. Generally, I will be working on recent law items and summaries which focus on highlighting key information from the latest judgements produced by the New South Wales Criminal Court of Appeal. I also complete work for ongoing projects of the Research division which focus on a specific area of the criminal law, as well as administrative upkeep of the criminal law resources. This is usually broken up by a stand-up meeting with my team, where we get to update each other on our ongoing projects, as well as a quick coffee run to refuel!

Being exposed to emerging and existing principles in the criminal law and honing your research, written communication and synthesis skills is a worthwhile investment whether you decide to practise the law or go into a research or policy role. Engage with the complex legal questions posed by your courses to determine areas of the law you would be interested in researching. I highly recommend volunteering in any legal capacity to build up your portfolio, including in editorial roles, CLCs, legal practice and student societies. Identify all opportunities in research capacities, especially as an assistant or trainee where you can learn and grow – and apply to everything!

Juwariya Malik Research Trainee at the Judicial Commission of NSW

40 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

What is the most interesting aspect of your role?

Go for it!

I am a Research Trainee for the Judicial Commission of NSW. What does a typical day at work look like?

I love everything about my role! I feel honoured to have the privilege of my work being utilised to assist judicial officers and legal professionals. The most interesting aspect of my role is the opportunity to work on the Bench Books. I have been able to work on ongoing projects to revise the Sentencing and Criminal Trial Courts Bench Books including proposing draft text in relation to the 2021 Sexual Consent Reforms and sentencing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

or Tipstaff Law graduates have a unique opportunity to work within the judiciary by spending at least a year as a Judge’s associate or tipstaff. The duties of associates and tipstaves vary according to the jurisdiction and the Court in which they operate. Tipstaves and associates have a direct relationship with a judge, for whom they perform legal research, proof draft judgments, liaise with Counsel, and assist with administration.

•

clerks •

Legal executives

Being an associate involves attending court frequently, allowing you to observe a range of oral advocacy techniques and to become more comfortable in this particular environment, while also observing the judicial decision-making process in action. As such, the opportunity is certainly invaluable and directly relevant to anyone with an interest in being a barrister or working in Dailylitigation.tasks

For more information, check out the links below:

• Supreme Court of NSW

vary depending on the judge, but generally include assisting the judge in court, summarising upcoming matters, proofreading judgments, liaising with parties in relation to court arrangements and conducting legal research. Beyond this, there may also be opportunities to travel across the State on circuit with your judge or to assist with extra-judicial tasks such as function planning and Observingspeechwriting.thejudicial role in its broader context and understanding the third arm of government on a practical level, can have tangible career benefits across innumerable fields and positions.

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Be aware that applications for vacancies open at least one year in advance. If you are interested in an associate or tipstaff role, make sure you apply during the application period - many judges will not accept early applications, and late applications are certainly not accepted.

Although you may aspire to become a judge or magistrate one day, you may want to consider other roles within the court system – such as a Judge’s Associate or tipstaff. This role provides valuable exposure to the work of barristers and judges in court, and is a useful avenue for those seeking a career at the Bar. It also provides a stepping stone to postgraduate study in the law.

Other support staff roles in the courts include: Registrars

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Legal assistants Law

Associates are often in the early stages of their careers, and so it is a privilege to be able to work closely with a judge with extensive experience in the legal profession. In many instances, judges are incredible mentors for their associates, so the role provides an excellent foundation for a future legal career.

• High Court of Australia

• District Court of NSW

• Federal Court of Australia

What does an Associateship involve?

41Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide THE

Take care with terminology. In the New South Wales Supreme Court, a tipstaff performs substantive legal work as outlined, whereas an associate provides executive support for a judge. On the other hand, in the Federal Court and High Court of Australia, a judge’s associate is engaged in legal research, in- court duties, and other support services.

Judge’sCOURTSAssociate

What has been the highlight of your career so far?

42 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

What was the application process like? Each judge has their own application process, so this will vary. In the Supreme Court, tipstaff jobs are not usually advertised. Instead, you will need to either call or email the associate to the judges you are interested in and make an enquiry as to when they will be accepting applications. Usually applications will be open in the first few months of the year for positions commencing the next year (so you may apply in February 2023 for a tipstaff role commencing February 2024). For the judge I worked for, the process involved sending in a CV and cover letter, followed by a one-on-one interview with the judge. Some judges may also require a sample of your work or may conduct your interview with their current tipstaff and associate. While an interview with a judge may sound scary, getting to that stage means you present well on paper, and this is just a chance to see if you get along and would work well together.

What is your advice to law students interested in becoming a tipstaff/judge’s associate? Do your research about which judges you would like to apply to. You can find the swearing-in speech for each judge online and get a real sense of who they are, their background and their interests. You will be drawn to some more than others. Think about the type of law that they work in. Are you interested in working for a judge in the Common Law or the Equity Division? Would you like to see trials as they happen at first-instance or are you interested in learning about the appeals process? Make sure you apply to judges that you think you will enjoy working with.

Why did you choose to be a tipstaff?

Pelin Ersoy Tipstaff at the Supreme Court of NSW

One of the greatest highlights for me has been seeing research I’ve done being included in published judgments! I worked for a judge in the Equity Division of the Supreme Court, so it was especially satisfying applying difficult concepts from class to real life cases. What has been the most challenging aspect about this role? I think one of the most challenging aspects for me to deal with was the sense of imposter-syndrome at the start. It is such a huge compliment that a judge has seen something in you, however, it can feel like a lot of pressure to meet those expectations. You work in a tight knit team of three; the judge, the associate and the tippy, and it can feel like there is nowhere to hide if you’re unsure about something. You soon learn that you’re not expected to know everything. The tippy job is just as much a learning experience as it is a job and making mistakes is part of that experience. You will be lucky enough to have someone mentor you who is invested in you and your career, and it’s important for you to make the most of that. What does the day in the life of a tipstaff look like? This can also vary quite a bit - which is definitely a perk of the job! Some days you might have one case lasting the whole day, others, you might have five shorter appearances, and others again you may only have one brief period in court or none at all. Hearings normally don’t commence until 10am, so you will spend the morning in chambers (starting with a coffee or two). This is the time to prepare for court, setting up the judge’s bench and maybe doing some extra research if needed. You will have received the written submissions for a hearing before it begins, and my judge would discuss these with me before the case began to get a sense of what it was about. When it’s time for court, you’ll don your tippy robes and get ready to “knock in” your judge. While a case is being heard, you might get to swear in a witness and hand things up to the judge from the bar, otherwise you can listen and absorb the law in action, picking up different styles of advocacy as you go. There is a morning tea break as well as lunch, so you’re never sitting for too long and there’s plenty of opportunity for snacks. In these breaks you have a chance to discuss how the case is progressing with your judge and you might be asked to do a few tasks. Hearings conclude at 4pm and then the rest of the day will be spent in chambers researching or proof-reading judgments.

I have always had an interest in litigation and wanted to spend more time seeing advocacy in action. I was also very drawn to the opportunity to work so closely with a judge, gaining an insight into their thinking and to learn from an experienced mentor so senior in the profession.

Becoming a barrister

BARRISTER’S CHAMBERS

Barristers are advocates who represent their clients by appearing in court, and are skilled in dispute resolution and advocacy. Although barristers use their litigation tactics and persuasive rhetoric to advocate for their clients, they have an overriding duty to the Court. Barristers often develop a niche in particular areas of law and may provide specialist advice to both private and public clients. A strong, quickthinking, and persuasive barrister is often the deciding factor in a contentious case.

• be admitted as a lawyer in an Australian jurisdiction.

Barristers operate as sole practitioners from their chambers. Though barristers spend a substantial amount of time working alone, they do not work in isolation. Barristers communicate extensively with solicitors who brief barristers on complex cases, as well as with their clerk, who is responsible for administering the barrister’s chambers. Clerk positions in barristers chambers are open to law students, including pre-penultimate students. Be aware that being a clerk for a barrister is primarily involved with managerial and administrative tasks, as a barrister’s clerk acts as the first point of call for those seeking to contact the barrister. On the other hand, a clerk in a law firm is involved in more substantive legal tasks, like legal research, drafting documents and internal communications, and liaising internally with solicitors within the firm.

If you have a passion for advocacy and court work, have a sustained ability to work independently to a high standard of excellence with the opportunity to work flexibly alongside like minded and learned friends, then you should consider becoming a barrister. To be eligible to become a barrister in New South Wales you must:

The Legal Profession Admission Board is the admitting authority in NSW; • sit and pass the Bar Exam to the required standard; and • complete the reading program which includes registration and satisfactory participation in the Bar Practice Course and one year of readership under the supervision of a tutor.

Barristers After being admitted as a solicitor in NSW, lawyers have the option of becoming a barrister by passing the Bar Examination and applying to the NSW Bar Association. Working as a barrister in chambers is different to working as a solicitor in a law firm. Generally, it is advised that a lawyer first practise as a solicitor to gain practical experience before joining the Bar, though direct entry is not uncommon.

43Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) undertakes research and provides recommendations to reform the law on topics selected by the Attorney-General of Australia. ALRC recommendations do not automatically become law, however over 85 per cent of ALRC reports have been either substantially or partially implemented—making the ALRC one of the most effective and influential agents for legal reform in Australia.

The AGD is charged with upholding the rule of law and providing support to the Australian Government to maintain and improve our systems for law and justice, national security, emergency management, and natural disaster relief. The Department deals with a number of areas, including: families and marriage; rights and protections; legal systems; crime and corruption; national security; emergency management; and international relations. The Australian Government Solicitor (AGS), one of four groups within AGD, provides legal services to the Commonwealth (legal advice and representation).

44 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND

Ombudsman

Whetherau/what-we-do/careersyouworkwithin

• Secondments create lots of opportunities to develop your skills and there is astonishing mobility within the sector; and

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is Australia’s peak competition and consumer protection agency, and is responsible for a large number of different tasks designed to ensure fair trading, competition and fair national markets, in the interests of consumers generally. Work involves complaint handling, independent research and investigations, prosecutions, education and advice, assistance to industry, administrative resolution, and legal action.

For more information, visit: www.ag.gov.au/about/careers/ graduateprogram.

For more information, visit: us/employment-careers/graduate-opportunitieshttps://www.accc.gov.au/about-

a Department or statutory body, your role would ultimately involve promoting and safeguarding the interests of the wider NSW or Australian community. Working within the public service or government sector offers numerous advantages:

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)

The Commonwealth Ombudsman is responsible for investigating complaints, conducting audits and generally overseeing the administration of Commonwealth Agencies, including through acting as the Defence Force, Immigration, Law Enforcement, Postal Industry, ACT and Overseas Students Ombudsman (OSO). In this respect, employment with the Ombudsman provides a fantastic opportunity for individuals interested in public administration, administrative law, public sector work, governance, and alternative dispute resolution to pursue an exciting and engaging future career.

For more information, visit: https://www.alrc.gov.au/about/ careers/

For more information, visit: https://www.ombudsman.gov.

Attorney General’s Department

• There is enormous variety in the roles available and just being in a diverse environment opens your eyes to career options you might never have considered;

Legal skills are valuable in the public sector, in legal, policy and program roles. While both the NSW and federal public sectors offer graduate programs, there are still several ways of ‘getting a foot in the door’. If you accept an entry level role, there are frequent opportunities for advancement within and across departments.

Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC)

AGENCIESCommonwealth

• Greater opportunities for work-life balance (flex time, compressed hours, part-time work, 48/52 or recreation leave at half pay, etc). Although still subject to operational convenience, they are better than you could negotiate in most private firms.

Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC)

The AFP has established itself as a key player in the Australian security landscape, rising to complex challenges and responding swiftly to protect Australians as new threats emerge. The protection of Australia and Australian interests, including protecting people, assets and critical infrastructure remains a key focus for the AFP.

ASIC is Australia’s corporate, markets and financial services regulator. It contributes to Australia’s economic reputation and wellbeing by ensuring that Australia’s financial markets are fair and transparent, and supported by confident and informed investors and consumers. At ASIC, you may be involved in collecting and analysing evidence, seeking the opinions of finance and forensic experts, and within highprofile criminal and civil matters.

Australian Defence Force

For more information, visit: https://careers.asic.gov.au/ Graduate-program.html

Australian Federal Police

Australian Tax Office (ATO)

There are a variety of defence roles which require legal skills, such as an Army Officer (Lawyer), Air Force Officer (Lawyer), Navy Lawyer (Legal Officer). Other roles include working within their Defence Legal Division, responsible for providing legal advice to the ADF or Department of Defence.

For more information, visit: https://www.asis.gov.au/ Careers/Overview.html

For more information, visit au/students-and-education/graduate-entryhttps://www.defencejobs.gov.

For more information, visit: https://www.asio.gov.au/ careers.html

Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO)

The ADF also offers a Defence University Scholarship, where they pay your remaining HELP degree fees and provide a guaranteed ADF job on graduation.

ASIO is an intelligence agency which investigates threats to Australia’s national security and provides security advice to governments and businesses, as well as dealing in counter-terrorism, counter-espionage and collecting foreign intelligence. Their work also contributes to preventing and addressing acts of foreign interferences, promotion of communal violence, sabotage and threats to Australia’s territorial integrity.

Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) ASIS is responsible for obtaining and distributing secret intelligence about the capabilities, intentions and activities of individuals or organisations outside of Australia that may affect Australia’s interest and the wellbeing of our citizens. ASIS particularly values candidates who are experienced in research and analysis, as well as possess technical expertise and corporate exposure.

For more information, visit: opportunities/graduate-programhttps://jobs.afp.gov.au/job-

45Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is the government body responsible for federal taxation, and the principal revenue-collecting agency for the Federal Government. The legal department of the ATO functions mostly in an interpretation, advisory and policy-making role, with taxpayers, government bodies and the department and treasury in general. The office both interprets and maintains interpretations of existing taxation law, as well as advising in the development of new law, through the Department of ForTreasury.more information, visit: program/about-ato/careers/entry-level-programs/the-ato-graduate-https://www.ato.gov.au/

• Preparing court documents and liaising with counsel Compiling briefs to the CDPP; and

As an investigator, I investigate suspected misconduct related to ASIC’s areas of responsibility including financial services and corporate governance laws. In response to suspected breaches I assist ASIC in undertaking formal enforcement action, this includes commencing civil proceedings, working with the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecution (CDPP) to secure criminal convictions and taking administrative action such as cancelling Australian Financial Services Licences.

While completing a Bachelor of Security Studies with a Degree of Bachelor of Laws (Hons) at Macquarie University, I thought that when I started working that I would have to choose between my law degree or my security studies degree when applying for jobs. Working at ASIC, I am able to broaden my knowledge, skills and abilities learnt from both degrees.

• Assisting project teams to compile administrative briefs to ASIC delegates.

I use my security studies degree in the following way:

At ASIC, I choose to be a part of a collegiate and stimulating organisation that’s transforming Australia’s financial system. A career at ASIC provides me with the opportunity to work on cutting edge issues concerning financial services and corporate governance laws, that contributes to Australia’s economic reputation and wellbeing for the benefit of all Australians.

If you are someone with an enquiring mind who enjoys working with others to solve complex problems, you will be involved in meaningful work that contributes to the benefit of all Australians. This can include: involvement in high-profile criminal and civil matters, surveillances, investigations, analysing intelligence, data analytics, consumer research and working to implement important law-reform initiatives.

• Collecting and analysing evidence, seeking the opinions of finance and forensic experts;

What does a typical day at work look like?

What is the most interesting or challenging aspect of your role?

A typical day involves:

• Undertaking detailed investigations and analysing specific information to identify data trends or anomalies;

I use my law degree in the following way:

46 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Micki Mueller ASIC Investigator, Enforcement WA Why ASIC?

• Conducting examinations, taking witness statements and drafting affidavits;

What advice would you give to law students interested in working at ASIC?

What is your role at ASIC?

• Managing surveillance and investigations; scan the environment to highlight potential misconduct and the underlying causes to produce effective strategies and solutions.

• Support the Enforcement team with legal advice on the exercise of ASIC’s information-gathering powers; on the elements of offences and the sufficiency of evidence to support referral of a brief to the CDPP; and on ongoing prosecutions relating to matters referred to the CDPP.

47Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The Department of Education, Skills and Employment (DESE) contributes to Australia’s economic prosperity and social wellbeing by creating opportunities and driving better outcomes for people, through education, skills and employment pathways. DESE’s in-house legal practice offers a wide range of services. Areas of practice include administrative law, corporate and commercial law, intellectual property, litigation (including some advocacy work), social security law, information law and legislation development. For more information, visit https://www.dese.gov.au/about-us/work-us

I am currently a Paralegal for the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA). I started this role in February after completing a three-month summer clerkship with DVA.

How was the transition from summer clerk to paralegal? The transition was quite seamless however one aspect that was challenging was working remotely. For my clerkship, I relocated to Canberra for three months. It was lovely being in the office and being with my team. Once I transitioned to my Paralegal role, I came back to Sydney for uni and it was slightly challenging adjusting to working from home permanently. However, I do enjoy my role and my team are incredibly supportive, always checking in on me and having regular Teams catch ups.

What has been the most challenging aspect of this role? Whilst I can assert myself in a confident manner, I struggle sometimes to feel confident about my work. At the start, I did feel quite nervous about my clerkship placement particularly as I had to move away from home. This placement not only provided me the practical skills I would typically acquire from a legal clerkship but a lot of soft skills that I have gained from living alone and working interstate. This experience has helped me become more independent which has translated into my professional career as I see myself becoming more confident and assertive in the workplace.

What is your current role and how did you get there?

Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA)

Department of Education, Skills and Employment

What has been the most interesting aspect of this role? I was assigned to the Corporate and Commercial Team (C&C Team) in the Legal Services Division at DVA. I was fortunate to cover a variety of different matters in my team that expanded to different areas of law like property law, contract law, heritage law and environmental law. It was greatly beneficial to me as I was able to get exposure on various pieces of legislation and gain an understanding of how these statutory obligations intersect with DVA’s legal and policy obligations. I have thoroughly enjoyed working for DVA and being able to see how these projects can positively impact the veteran community. It is incredibly rewarding and fulfilling, and I also really value the flexibility, support, and the positive working environment that I have experienced working for the Public Sector.

What does a typical day at work look like? I log in usually between 8-9am and I usually finish between 4-5pm. Majority of my workday is spent drafting advice under the guidance of my director for various matters, drafting correspondence with clients and shadowing the senior legal officers (SLO) during meetings and calls.

Abirami Kandasamy Paralegal at the DVA

What was your role at Legal Aid?

I was a Legal Support Officer in the Prisoners Legal Service at Legal Aid NSW. In this role, I assisted solicitors with preparing for parole hearings, while also answering calls from NSW prisoners and their families wanting advice and minor assistance. How and why did you get involved with Legal Aid?

48 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Legal Aid NSW Legal Aid NSW is the largest legal aid agency in Australia, with 21 offices in metro and regional centres across NSW. Legal Aid NSW also hosts many specialist services for people who are particularly disadvantaged - such as prisoners, homeless people, children and young people, women victims of domestic violence, older people and people with mental illness. Lawyers predominantly focus on Crime, Family Law and Civil Law. For more information, visit: http://www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au/

I applied to the position through the Jobs NSW website and tailored my application using the NSW Public Service Capability Framework. I was drawn to this role because it offered the chance to make a difference in the lives of prisoners and their families, and to develop practical skills that I hope to use as a lawyer. Further, I felt empathy towards those seeking to navigate the complexities of the ‘justice’ system after my own very negative interactions with police and courts. What skills have you developed and what have you learnt from this role? I gained many practical skills including undertaking legal research, performing various administrative duties, and lodging appeal and bail applications with courts. Importantly, interfacing with clients from all walks of life helped me develop my communication skills. I needed to quickly identify multiple legal issues in time-limited calls, facilitating conversations calmly with prisoners who were often distressed or non-English speaking. Legal Aid taught me what it meant to be an advocate. Our office had a particular focus on Indigenous prisoners due to their overrepresentation in the justice system, so much of my time at work was spent assisting these clients and their families. Traversing the landscape of the Australian legal system can be especially distressing for those suffering the effects of structural disadvantage and intergenerational trauma, so I learned how to approach these cases delicately and with compassion. What was the most rewarding aspect of this role?

The most rewarding aspect of my role was helping prisoners through their hearings and celebrating when they were successfully granted parole. Sometimes we would receive very kind and appreciative letters or phone calls post-release which solidified that we were making a Idifference.alsoloved the team, and we shared many laughs together (which was greatly appreciated after dealing with heavy cases). We even had a scrapbook of funny interactions we had with anonymous prisoners. I remember once after a very busy day of answering calls, I accidentally ended a phone call with ‘bye love you’ and the prisoner said ‘love you too’.

Aline Damaj Lawyer at Legal Aid

What has been the most challenging aspect of this role? The hardest part about the role was that, for prisoners who called for advice, I usually never found out what happened and whether their issue was resolved. Another difficult aspect was being the first point of contact with prisoners who had been assaulted while incarcerated.

The hardest part about the role was that, for prisoners who called for advice, I usually never found out what happened and whether their issue was resolved. Another difficult aspect was being the first point of contact with prisoners who had been assaulted while incarcerated.

What was your role at Legal Aid? I was a Legal Support Officer in the Prisoners Legal Service at Legal Aid NSW. In this role, I assisted solicitors with preparing for parole hearings, while also answering calls from NSW prisoners and their families wanting advice and minor assistance. How and why did you get involved with Legal Aid? I applied to the position through the Jobs NSW website and tailored my application using the NSW Public Service Capability Framework. I was drawn to this role because it offered the chance to make a difference in the lives of prisoners and their families, and to develop practical skills that I hope to use as a lawyer. Further, I felt empathy towards those seeking to navigate the complexities of the ‘justice’ system after my own very negative interactions with police and courts. What skills have you developed and what have you learnt from this role? I gained many practical skills including undertaking legal research, performing various administrative duties, and lodging appeal and bail applications with courts. Importantly, interfacing with clients from all walks of life helped me develop my communication skills. I needed to quickly identify multiple legal issues in time-limited calls, facilitating conversations calmly with prisoners who were often distressed or non-English speaking. Legal Aid taught me what it meant to be an advocate. Our office had a particular focus on Indigenous prisoners due to their overrepresentation in the justice system, so much of my time at work was spent assisting these clients and their families. Traversing the landscape of the Australian legal system can be especially distressing for those suffering the effects of structural disadvantage and intergenerational trauma, so I learned how to approach these cases delicately and with compassion. What was the most rewarding aspect of this role?

49Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

I also loved the team, and we shared many laughs together (which was greatly appreciated after dealing with heavy cases). We even had a scrapbook of funny interactions we had with anonymous prisoners. I remember once after a very busy day of answering calls, I accidentally ended a phone call with ‘bye love you’ and the prisoner said ‘love you too’.

What has been the most challenging aspect of this role?

Danielle Le Large Legal Support Officer at Legal Aid

NSW Department of Communities and Justice

Human Rights Law Centre

The Aboriginal Legal Service was established in 1970 to provide free legal assistance services to Aboriginal people. The ALS was founded as a response to the injustices, and in acknowledgement of the importance of Aboriginal people designing and delivering services to their own communities. Today, ALS does legal work in criminal law, children’s care and protection law and family law. They also support the development of wraparound programs and undertake broader policy and law reform work.

There are a wide range of roles in each of the divisions of the Department of Communities Justice including working in courts, correctional centres, juvenile detention centres, community programs, victims support services, the Office of the Sheriff, corporate services and much more. Entry level roles in the Courts, Tribunals and Service Delivery division of the Department are ideal for law students who are passionate about a career in the NSW legal system.

Community Legal Centres Community Legal Centres (CLCs) are not-for-profit, community-based organisations that have been advocating for equitable access to the justice system in Australia for over 40 years. CLCs:

• Provide free legal advice, casework and information to the disadvantaged and to those with special needs

50 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Aboriginal Legal Service

Human Rights Watch

For more information, visit https://www.alsnswact.org.au/ work_with_us

The Human Rights Law Centre uses strategic legal action, policy solutions and advocacy to support people and communities to eliminate inequality and injustice and build a fairer, more compassionate Australia. Working alongside its partners, the Centre strives to improve the access to basic human rights of all citizens and advocates on behalf of those who do not have sufficient access. For more information, visit https://www.hrlc.org.au/work-orvolunteer-with-us

• Promote law reform and conduct test cases where laws are operating unfairly or are unclear

Australian Human Rights Commission

The Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) is an independent statutory body designed to report to the Attorney-General and to Federal Parliament, regarding Australia’s promotion, respect for and compliance with human rights. The organisation receives complaints regarding discrimination or alleged human rights breaches, undertakes public inquiries, human rights education and research, provides legal advice, makes submissions to Parliament and Law Reform inquiries regarding human Forrights.more information, visit: https://www.alrc.gov.au/about/ careers/

For more information, visit: https://jobs.dcj.nsw.gov.au/

• Deliver community development services to local or special interest communities

Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organisation that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Their staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities. HRW directs their advocacy towards governments, armed groups and businesses, pushing them to change or enforce their laws, policies and Forpractices.moreinformation, visit https://careers.hrw.org/

Oxfam Australia Oxfam Australia is a global movement of people working hard to tackle poverty around the globe. At Oxfam they believe all lives are equal and no-one should live in poverty. They join forces with people who share the belief, to empower communities to build better lives for themselves. They are on the ground, not only to save lives in times of crisis, but also to develop lasting solutions. That’s why they are also in front of decision-makers, governments and corporations, and speak out on the big issues. Together they are tackling poverty by changing minds, systems and Forlives.more information, visit https://www.oxfam.org.au/getinvolved/working-at-oxfam/

For more information, visit contact-draft/volunteering/https://www.salvoslegal.com.au/

Red Cross Australia Australian Red Cross is building a better society based on people helping people. They work with politicians, policy-makers, organisations and the public to improve the situation of the most vulnerable people in Australia and around the world.They advocate based on direct experience and evidence, and empower people to speak out and take action to improve their lives. They will always focus on the needs and perspectives of vulnerable people, in their areas of Forexpertise.moreinformation, visit https://www.redcross.org.au/ about/careers.

Amnesty International Australia employs around 90 staff across a range of positions, and their employees bring a variety of skills and qualifications from diverse backgrounds.

51Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Public Interest Advocacy Centre

For more information, visit https://www.refugeecouncil.org.

Refugee Advice & Casework Service

For more information, visit https://piac.asn.au/.

Refugee Council of Australia

au/.

Amnesty International Amnesty International is the world’s largest and mostrespected human rights organisation. They are an independent, global movement of people who campaign courageously for human rights. In more than 150 countries worldwide, over 8 million of them stand together for justice, freedom, human dignity and equality.In Australia and across the globe they bring torturers to justice, change oppressive laws and free people jailed for voicing their opinions.

The Refugee Council of Australia is a national umbrella body for refugees and asylum seekers, as well as the other individuals and organisations that support them. The RCOA is a non-profit, non-government organisation. Their vision is to see the voices of refugees heard, their rights to be respected, their humanity to be valued and their contributions to society to be valued. To achieve this, the RCOA works with its members and government to promote humane, lawful and constructive policies for refugee and asylum seekers.

The mission of the Refugee Advice & Casework Service (RACS) is to achieve justice and dignity for refugees through the provision of advocacy and effective legal service. RACS provides free legal advice, assistance and representation for financially disadvantaged and vulnerable people seeking asylum. RACS does not receive government funding, relying on donations and pro bono support to assist refugees. RACS advocates for systemic law reform that seeks to treat refugees with respect and dignity. For more information, visit https://www.racs.org.au/.

The Public Interest Advocacy Centre is an independent, not-profit policy organisation whose aim is to achieve social justice for those that have been disadvantaged as a result of systemic processes. PIAC conducts cases and strategic litigation to help improve the lives of those that have been marginalised. The communities that PIAC work with range from Indigenous Australians, asylum seekers, refugees. They also work in areas of mental health and police accountability.

Salvos Legal Salvos Legal is a free law firm for people who have been made vulnerable by addiction, family violence, family breakdowns, financial stress, homelessness, ill health or migration, visa and citizenship compliance issues. They help people who do not qualify for any government funded legal assistance because their needs fall outside the criteria of the services provided by Legal Aid or CLCs. Their goal is to help people overcome hardship or injustice by using their legal expertise, empathy and practical knowledge to achieve the best outcomes possible.

For more information, visit https://www.amnesty.org.au/ work-with-us/

The National Environmental Law Association (NELA) has a broad range of members, including barristers, judges, inhouse counsel, policy makers and NGOs. NELA aims to promote discussion and understanding of environmental laws. They provide submissions on climate change regulations and host seminars and conferences concerning environmental law.

The NSW Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) is the primary environmental regulator, partnering with business, government and the community to improve environmental performance and waste management in NSW. The NSW EPA provides guidance for a range of environmental issues, publishes scientific research and assists in the prosecution of environmental offences in the NSW Land and Environment Court. For more information, visit https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/

For more information, visit international/explore/about/legal/https://www.greenpeace.org/

Australian Earth Laws Alliance

For more information, visit about-us/how-to-get-involved/https://www.earthlaws.org.au/

Environmental Defenders Office

52 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

Greenpeace Greenpeace International’s Legal Unit provides independent legal advice to the global Greenpeace network on: strategic litigation to advance the fight against environmental destruction; risk management and strategic defence of campaigns, organisation and staff; and advocacy efforts to strengthen environmental and human rights.

The Environmental Defenders Office (EDO) is a community legal service and a non-government, not-for-profit organisation. EDO focuses on protecting Australia’s climate, wildlife and communities. They provide legal advice, advocate for law reform in state and federal environmental laws and take landmark environmental cases to court on behalf of clients. For more information, visit https://www.edo.org.au/ National Environmental Law Association

For more information, visit https://www.nela.org.au NSW Environmental Protection Authority

The Australian Earth Laws Alliance (AELA) is a national not-for-profit organisation whose mission is to increase the understanding and practical implementation of Earth centred law, governance and ethics in Australia. AELA carries out its work by supporting multi-disciplinary teams of professionals engaged in research, education, publications, community capacity building and law reform. The team includes indigenous community leaders, lawyers, economists, scientists, deep ecologists, artists and community development practitioners. AELA works on a membership-participation model and is powered by committed volunteers, who work together as individuals and organisations across Australia.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

The Climate Justice Programme (CJP)

involved NSW Land and Environment Court

Environmental Justice Australia

Environmental Justice Australia (EJA) is a leading public interest legal organisation. EJA lawyers act on behalf of people and community organisations to safeguard health, to protect magnificent forests, rivers and wildlife, and to tackle climate change. EJA seek to test the boundaries of existing laws and advocate for law reform, policy change and solutions that make the system fair and just for all.

For more information, visit https://www.nature.org.au/get_

For more than 60 years, NCC have been at the centre of the state’s most important conservation battles and have notched up countless wins for wildlife, bushland, marine life, and local communities. NCC run campaigns, mobilise communities, and advocate passionately for the protection of our unique wildlife and bushland. The Council also plays a leading role in fire policy, education, and ecology through our Healthy Ecosystems Program.

The CJP is a non-government organisation that focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions of corporations. It is made up of lawyers, academics and campaigners that seeks to raise awareness in relation to climate change, as well as develop strategies to combat climate change. They provide volunteer opportunities, so if you are passionate about climate justice visit their website.

53Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The NSW Land and Environment Court hears disputes in relation to the environment, development, building and local government planning. The Court is a great opportunity to obtain experience in environmental law whilst being a student by becoming a Tipstaff, which is a role that involves assisting judges with research and administrative support. Moreover, it is a great career opportunity for later in your career if you decide to become a lawyer practising in environmental law, or if you want to become a judge presiding over the Court. For more information, visit https://www.lec.nsw.gov.au/lec/ about-us/careers.html

For more information, visit https://www.envirojustice.org.au

For more information, visit au/#d392e019-8235-4915-a85b-99df01c8a833https://climatejustice.org.

Nature Conservation Council Nature Conservation Council is NSW’s leading environmental advocacy organisation, with a mission to protect nature and create the conditions it needs to thrive.

Law of the Jungle Law of the Jungle was the first mover in commercialising a technology-based rules engine for use by non-lawyers. Thee also led the field in compliance e-learning that focused on actual behavioural outcomes. With the scale benefits of new technologies in cloud computing, natural language parsing and machine learning, Law of the Jungle is at the global forefront of RegTech solutions and is the clear market leader in marketing compliance. Law of the Jungle, based on cloud technology and expert know-how, makes marketing compliance easy, fast and reliable. For more information, visit https://law-of-the-jungle.breezy.

54 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

For more information, visit https://allenshub.unsw.edu.au/.

At the intersection of law and the financial services industry, the financial technology (fintech) revolution has given rise to cryptocurrencies, digital cash, robo advisers, and open banking. Regulatory technology (regtech), an offshoot of fintech, is a new technology that enables corporations to streamline their regulatory compliance strategies in a cost- effective manner. Developing alongside this technology is artificial intelligence, accelerating the pace of discovery automation and the development of tools to measure risk and performance metrics. With the increased digitisation of the law comes a host of ethical dilemmas. How should we understand notions of transparency and accountability when legal services are performed on an electronic platform? How can discretion be measured? What implications can be drawn for the future of the lawyer as a professional? Technology will continue to revolutionise modern legal practice and much of this ongoing revolution is facilitated by innovative firms striving to realise the synergy between law and technology. The following section will provide insights as to how law firms are striving to keep abreast of these new waves of technology.

The UNSW Allens Hub for Technology, Law and Innovation is an independent community of scholars based at UNSW Sydney. As a partnership between Allens and UNSW Law, the hub adds breadth and depth to research on the diverse interactions among technological change, law, and legal practice. The partnership enriches academic and policy debates and drives considered reform of law and practise through engagement with the legal profession, the judiciary, industry, government and the broader community.

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Lawpath

As Australia’s largest online legal services provider, Lawpath gives Australian businesses access to affordable and efficient legal help. Their tech-driven platform allows businesses to do this for a fraction of what it costs to use a traditional law firm. They were the first company in Australia to introduce a subscription-based legal plan. They have also launched unique features such as an online document witnessing system and a review system for lawyers, which has led to their distinction as Australia’s largest online lawyer marketplace. For more information, visit https://lawpath.com.au/careers.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology has become indispensable across many dimensions of legal advisory and advocacy work. Client service applications, including eDiscovery platforms for document review, smart contracts, and blockchain are becoming standard tools for corporate transactions and litigation. Additionally, many in-house legal teams are utilising bespoke legal applications to support a plethora of legal work, including contract negotiation, mergers and acquisitions, e-billing, and digital signatures.

UNSW Allens Hub for Technology, Law and Innovation

The Allens Hub publishes books and articles, engages with media, makes submissions, runs workshops and events, engages with government policy makers, provides funding for research streams and explores interdisciplinary and international relationships.

First, it is increasingly important to have completed post-graduate research in an allied field of study. While requirements vary from country to country, law schools in many countries require at least a master’s degree.

I teach up to a thousand or so students per year across a few institutions in areas ranging from law, criminology, and communications across a range of levels: diploma, bachelors, juris doctor and other postgrad qualifications. When I’m not teaching, I’m either developing my pedagogy, doing servicerelated activities, or plugging into my research. The latter could involve analysing datasets, reading new literature, writing journal articles or expert reports, doing media spots, collab’ing with colleagues overseas, reviewing articles for journals or wording for proposed laws, attending major conferences and campaign meetings, etc. What do you love most about your job?

WhatACADEMIAisAcademia?

How do students prepare for a future in academia? Avoid Dunning-Kruger. Get used to saying ‘I don’t know’ but be willing to develop the skills to find out. I’ve got a decade’s worth of experience teaching and developing my expertise on wildlife crime, but the deeper I dive the more I realise I don’t know and that excites me. Undertake research units to learn how to approach topic for inquiry. Finally, and I cannot emphasise this enough, get some ‘real world’ experience and find spaces where your research can have an impact in real time.

Zara Bending Macquarie Law School Academic Why did you decide to pursue academia?

Students. Literally, the last refrain in my PhD Acknowledgements is “Lastly, but by no means least significantly, I thank my mentees and the thousands of students whom I have had the privilege to teach for the past decade. The occasional looks of wonder and astonishment at what I do during five-minutes-before-class banter is often what kept me going.” What are some of the current challenges facing legal academics? I’m not Willy Wonka so I won’t sugar coat it. Academia as a whole is going through its own existential crisis worldwide when it comes to what it seeks to do, how it delivers, etc. Funding crises, casualisation of the workforce, and retention of quality educators begins to scratch the surface. I also think a major challenge is how to engage and facilitate positive learning experiences given the impact the pandemic continues to have on our students.

There are also international opportunities available for those interested in academia. Academics may travel to other countries for conferences or to carry out research, and may be appointed to positions in overseas universities. If you like the idea of working in a collegiate environment with no end to intellectual stimulation, academia may be the career for you.

I decided to pursue academia because I’m a naturally curious person who enjoys sharing new knowledge and perspectives in ways that can impact the world in a tangible way; be it through direct engagement with students, through being an expert witness before Parliamentary inquiries or the courts, leading campaigns in the NGO space, giving workshops for capacity building projects, etc. What does your job involve?

Securing a position at a university faculty is no mean feat: such positions are often highly competitive. For those interested in a career as an academic there are certain things to be aware of to give you the best chance of landing a job as an academic.

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Being able to work in a group is therefore a key skill for those considering a career in academia. Teaching involves taking university courses, both as a lecturer and a tutor, and may involve acting as a supervisor for students in research higher degree and PhD programs. Service encompasses a broad range of things from coordinating extra-curricular programs, to facilitating university community outreach initiatives.

The role of an academic in a university context generally has three component parts: research, teaching, and service. Research entails publishing work both as an individual and in collaboration with other academics.

Second, while academia is by no means an exclusive club for those with impeccable grades, a strong academic record will be invaluable. Third, it is important to start building a portfolio of ‘publishable’ research. The faculty you apply to will be interested in seeing a genuine interest in producing research for publication. Take advantage of opportunities to contribute to school law journals or journals associated with a student law society. Finally, take advantage of the easy access to tutors, lecturers and professors that you have while at university. There are plenty of friendly academics, not just in the law faculty, who will be happy to discuss potential career paths with you, and mentor you along

Pathways to Academia

Academia is an attractive career for those with an inquiring mind and a passion for research. If you choose to pursue a career as an academic, you will have the unique opportunity to become an expert in an area of the law and directly contribute to the development of a field of legal knowledge. As respected experts in their chosen field, academics have influence on the interpretation and development of the law through their writing. Academics also play a valuable role shaping the next generation of lawyers through their work as lecturers and supervisors.

International Criminal Court

For more information, visit: internships-and-visiting-professionalshttps://www.icc-cpi.int/jobs/

Lawyers Without Borders was formed in 2000 and draws lawyers from around the world to support the rule of law, economic development, peace building and sustainability in the legal sector. Members contribute to LWOB on a pro bono basis, but do not represent individuals in legal actions. For more information, visit: https://lawyerswithoutborders. org/

INTERNATIONAL LAW

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to assist in truly global issues in the public interest sector, then an international not-for-profit organisation might be the place for you. You may also wish to become involved in international justice not only through legal work experience, but also through volunteering and participating in programs such as United Nations Youth Australia.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It offers internships of one to three months to students and young professionals who are in the early stages of their careers. The internship is an opportunity to put your knowledge and experience into practice, while performing certain tasks for the Court under the supervision of Registry officials. For more information, visit: https://www.icj-cij.org/en/ internships

Many international social justice work opportunities are interdisciplinary, intersecting with fields like economics, science, and the arts, providing a well-rounded experience for students interested in broadening their horizons and seeing their education in action. Working in an international public organisation allows students to gain global cultural competencies and an appreciation of how international law functions on a practical level. Students will have various opportunities to interact with different cultures and legal systems in environments that range from charities to the United Nations. In these international organisations, a legal background is particularly valuable due to the critical thinking, research, and communication skills which a law degree encourages. Most international positions are based in Europe or the United States, but opportunities are also available in Asia and Africa, depending on the organisation. Many organisations have offices around the world, so students may be able to gain legal experience in a number of Ifjurisdictions.youaspire

International Court of Justice

International Labour Organisation

The International Labour Organisation was established in 1919, and brings together governments, employers and workers of its 187 member States. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues. The ILO offers internships which range between 3-6 months, open to final year graduate students (masters and above) or recent graduates of those programs. These are offered 2-3 times a year, with 3 successful applicants in each round. If an intern is not financially supported by their government or university, a small stipend is paid by the ILO to cover basic subsistence

Forcosts.more information, visit: https://jobs.ilo.org/content/ Internships/?locale=en_GB.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. The International Criminal Court offers approximately 200 internships per calendar year for students and graduates across various fields including law. These internships are offered as an opportunity for candidates in the early stages of their career to gain exposure to the day-to-day working environment of the ICC, and to put their knowledge and experience into practice under the supervision of working professionals.

Lawyers Without Borders

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)

The UNHCR is a global organisation that leads and coordinates international action to protect refugees and other displaced persons. Positions may be in the UNHCR headquarters in Geneva, or in the field. Roles range from protection to program or logistics. The Junior Professional Officer (JPO) program is designed for young university graduates or young professionals and lasts for 2-4 years.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the lead agency managing Australia’s international presence. The department provides foreign, trade and development advice to the government and works with other government agencies to ensure that Australia’s national interests are coordinated effectively. DFAT’s work includes developing and implementing foreign, trade and development policy, negotiating international agreements, delivering an effective aid programme, and providing high quality consular Forassistance.more information, visit: graduate-programcareers/dfat-aps-careers/graduate-program/Pages/https://www.dfat.gov.au/

The PCA is located in The Hague in the Netherlands and provides a variety of dispute resolution services to the international community, including arbitration, mediation and conciliation, and Commissions of Inquiry. Internships of three months are available to final-year law students and graduates interested in gaining exposure to International arbitration practices.

For more information, visit: employment/internship-program/https://pca-cpa.org/en/about/

For more information, visit: junior-professional-officer-programme.htmlhttps://www.unhcr.org/en-au/

Permanent Court of Arbitration

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Finance and Tax AccountingConsulting Firms Banking Firms 4 SERVICESPROFESSIONALFIRMS

A career in the banking and financial services sector could see you in a range of roles, from investment analyst at an international bank, auditor at a governmental regulatory body to actuary for a small private firm. Generally, employees in this sector invest or manage money for their clients. As such, they need to be able to understand business and financial information so that they can anticipate market changes and respond accordingly.

Wherever they end up, finance professionals are expected to be adept communicators with strong analytical skills and the ability to assimilate new information – and, fortunately, those are the same skills you’ll have developed as a law student. Where do people in this sector work? Generally, jobs within the banking and financial services sector can be found within four main types of organisations.

How can I take advantage of my law degree in this sector?

Studying law can provide you with unique insight in these sectors.

FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR

Retail banks primarily service individuals and small businesses. This category includes institutions such as Westpac, Commonwealth Bank, ANZ, NAB and a range of credit unions. Investment banks such as Macquarie Bank, Deutsche Bank, and Morgan Stanley complex and large-scale transactions for business clients, and may also manage assets for high-net-worth individuals. Insurers underwrite a range of risks for individuals and organisations. The Big Four accounting networks Deloitte, EY, PwC and KPMG also offer audit, assurance, taxation, management consulting, actuarial, corporate finance and legal services to their clients. Finally, the fintech (or financial technology) sector includes companies that use new technologies and innovations, such as rapid data analytics and real-time trading, to compete in the marketplace.

What do people in this sector do?

As a law graduate in the financial sector, you will find that your ability to look for patterns in large amounts of information is invaluable. You may also discover that your grasp of the fundamentals of subjects like taxation law and regulatory compliance helps you stand out when applying for jobs. If you’re still studying, it may be a good idea to apply for internships or summer positions at a financial institution. This will not only boost your credentials when you look for full-time jobs later on – it will also help you decide if banking and finance is the right thing for you.

Your legal education will provide you with knowledge that will equip you well for any role within the finance sector.

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Taxation and other areas of law are significant issues in managing both personal and small business finances.

Studying law can open the door to many career opportunities in various fields, one of which is finance.

Working in the finance industry means you will have the opportunity to be involved in a range of roles related to tax, auditing, analysing, investment decisions, financial planning or other financial activities.

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How can I take advantage of my law degree?

A career in consulting may provide the excitement and variety that you feel may be missing from the typical lawyer’s career, delivering ample opportunity for professional growth and development. Consultants will cover a wide range of business areas, including but not limited to IT, marketing HR, finance, strategy, risk and logistics. You will be required to analyse the current operations of a business, collaborate with a team and provide a solution for the client. What does a consultant do?

CONSULTING Whether you have decided now that a traditional ‘legal’ career is not for you, or if you are looking for a career change later in life, consultancy may be the perfect opportunity for you. Consultants are generally hired as advisors to large corporations, companies or potentially even governments. Using the high level analytical and problem-solving skills that you have developed over the course of your law degree, as a consultant you will find yourself solving complex business problems by creating unique business specific plans.

Consultants are the business world’s professional problem solvers. Drawing on expertise from a range of disciplines, consultants, either individually or in teams, work alongside other organisations to address a range of problems, from how to maximise the profitability of a new product launch to how best to navigate a complex merger. Generally, these tasks see consultants adopt one of two roles: an advisory role (such as developing a business strategy, improving HR processes, or analysing the market) or an implementation role (such as executing a business strategy, introducing a technological solution, or overseeing the adoption of new internal processes).

The diversity of responsibilities facing the modern consultant make this an appealing career choice for legal graduates, who have been trained to think through the minutiae of various problems before generating appropriate solutions. Indeed, many of the larger consultancy firms seek out law graduates specifically because they possess highly developed problem-solving skills and an ability to apply known ideas in novel contexts.

Accounting Firms

Lawyers working for KPMG, Ernst & Young (EY), PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), and Deloitte—the Big Four—is not a new phenomenon. The big accounting firms, which now describe themselves as professional services firms, have been recruiting lawyers for years. In recent years the Big Four accounting firms have invested heavily in their legal solutions, offering clients the latest technology and automation solutions alongside operational efficiencies and legal expertise. But one of the biggest perks for young lawyers is the exposure to the latest technology and innovation, and working as part of a global, customer-centric team across multiple practice areas.

BIG GRADUATE AND STUDENT PROGRAMS

FOUR

For more information, visit https://home.kpmg/au/en/home/careers.htmlForhome/careers/graduates.html.https://home.kpmg/au/en/moreinformationaboutcareersatKPMG,visit

EY offers three different programs for graduates and students – EY Graduate Development Program and EY Vacationer Program and EY Sydney and Melbourne Coop TheProgram.12-month Graduate Development Program has been developed for graduates in all service lines, and is focused on connection, learning and celebration. The program will provide you with the opportunity to network with your peers from other service lines and geographies. Running in parallel to your technical learning, you will develop leadership skills to become a successful graduate, and as you grow as a transformative leader. Throughout the Vacation program, you’ll hit the ground running with dedicated on-the-job training, coaching and technology onboarding. You’ll work alongside EY professionals on real clients – right now. You’ll get the opportunity to be immersed in EY culture, network with EY people, and experience the transformative work done for EY clients. Plus, the best bit is, if you impress EY, you may be offered a permanent position after you graduate. During your co-op year, you’ll work with our clients, access our learning resources and gain experience similar to that of a first-year graduate. The Co-Op Program allows you to work with us for between nine and twelve months before beginning your final year at university. You’ll graduate a step ahead of your peers, and we might offer you a full time job – potentially at a more senior level than other graduates.

KPMG Graduate Program is a 12-month development program that supports the building of key capabilities and role-specific learning, available for students in their final year of studies or recent graduates. Whereas the Vacation Program is a 4-8 week program offered to both undergraduates and postgraduates in the penultimate year of their degree. Both programs are designed to be flexible as you are ultimately responsible for your own learning journey, with support provided to assist you in deciding what you want to learn based on your end goals. You’ll be working across a diverse client list and deal with complex issues that will stretch your thinking and challenge you every day. With a huge range of practice areas, your career options are endless.

For more information, visit

www.ey.com/en_au/careersForcareers/students-apply-herehttps://www.ey.com/en_au/moreinformationaboutcareersatEY,visithttps://.

KPMG offers two different programs for graduates and students – KPMG Graduate Program and KPMG Vacation Program.

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Kaylene is the Geographic Lead for KPMG in Greater Western Sydney, and a Tax Partner within KPMG Enterprise. She has spent her career in the region and is passionate about its growth, its community, and its people.

Kaylene Hubbard

For more than 25 years, Kaylene has provided tax consulting and tax compliance services to mid-market and corporate clients. She develops appropriate business structures and funding arrangements, capital management, mergers and acquisitions, business restructures, and helps clients with Australian Taxation Office interactions.

Active in the not-for-profit sector, Kaylene assists charities with structuring and establishment, their charity and deductible gift recipient status as well as ongoing compliance with regulatory requirements. She is committed to empowering the sector to grow, impact and adapt in a changing environment.

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KPMG Geographic Lead Greater Western Sydney, Tax Partner, Board Chair

“ ” I have worked in Tax Advisory in the Big 4 for most of my career. I love the intellectual challenge and rigour of tax, the diversity of client and industry, the ongoing client relationships, the mentoring and the broadness of the KPMG offering that allows me to bring so much to my clients, learn more and expand my horizons as a trusted advisor. It is a great use of my law and arts degrees (from Macquarie) and commerce degrees and allows me to bring all of those skills to my work. My role now as Managing Partner of the KPMG Greater Western Sydney office is a privilege and a highlight of my career. Being trusted to steward the growth of KPMG in Greater Western Sydney, the opportunities for our people, and our clients and be part of the growth of the area is once in a lifetime!

Extensive experience in taxation enables Kaylene to provide advice on capital gains tax, associated rollovers and other tax reliefs including FBT, payroll tax and income tax.

Nerves are a normal part of any job application process, so don’t feel alone. My biggest recommendation to alleviate nerves is to be prepared, know exactly what you are applying for and learn about the firm and what they do. Most importantly, be yourself and be confident!

What was the highlight of your vacationer experience?

•

What is one piece of advice for students applying for vacationers?

63Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Maryrose Sukkar KPMG Tax Vacationer 2021/22

• Undertake tax legal research

Please describe your vacationer experience in 3 words. Inspiring! Rewarding! Welcoming!

I was drawn to the different service lines available at the firm, and the opportunity to be exposed to people from all professional backgrounds. The clientele, work, and outstanding achievements of the firm all appealed to me. Most importantly, KPMG has a wonderful culture.

For me, finding a place of work was not only about the work I do, but the people I am surrounded by. From the very start of my application process, through to my partner interview and then my vacationer experience, I felt valued, supported, and welcomed. KPMG prides itself on cultivating a culture which is diverse, and I can say this was the exact experience I had. How did you manage stress/nerves during the application process?

What do you think made your application stand out? This was a challenging part of the vacationer experience, particularly when there is an outstanding pool of candidates.

My experience was very positive, it is very difficult for me to choose one thing that was the highlight of my experience. Firstly, I met some of the most wonderful colleagues, mentors, and leaders. These people have inspired me, kept me motivated and pushed me to want to learn more, grow and take advantage of every opportunity. I made some great friends from my vacationer experience, an experience not so easily found. Secondly, my exposure to different clients and work was incredible, even in a short amount of time. I was given the opportunity to research and undertake tasks I had never been exposed to and was constantly given the opportunity to learn more in the sphere of tax advisory. A highlight was assisting in putting together a recommendation report and consultation paper. This experience showed me first-hand how KPMG’s work can positively impact people, businesses, and the community. Finally, although I was new, being part of a team where I felt valued was a wonderful experience and made going to work every day so enjoyable.

• Draft engagement letters, advice, and statements

Why pursue a career at one of the Big Four? The opportunities are endless, the people are incredible and the work you do is ultimately so rewarding. Working at a big four exposes you to many clients, different work, and a new learning opportunity every day. Working at KPMG is very rewarding, you can tackle a new problem and importantly find a solution for your client!

For me, I believe it was my passion for tax, my positive attitude, and my motivation to learn more!

In a quick two words, be yourself! I know it’s cliché, but that’s what makes you so unique. Don’t be scared to try something new or put your hand up and give something a go.

Why did you choose your firm?

What does a typical clerkship day look like? Every day is different, which is exactly why I loved my experience at KPMG. Typically, the vacationers would arrive, we would sit together for a coffee and then check through our emails and Microsoft teams messages. We would then typically: Attend a workflow meeting, outline our capacity, and learn about tax updates and upcoming projects

• Attend a learning workshop, training seminar or wellbeing workshop

• Attend a weekly meeting with our PDM

• On a Friday, we would typically go for a drink or enjoy some food together!

For more information, visit https://jobs-au.pwc.com/au/ Foren/studentsmoreinformation about careers at PwC, https:// www.pwc.com.au/careers.html

Deloitte’s full-time, 3- to 8-week paid Vacationer Internship Program will see you benefit from working with our industry experts on high-impact, purpose-led projects. You can expect significant client exposure, multiple networking opportunities, relevant professional training and feedback from your coach and buddy throughout your program. And, the best part? At the end of your program, you’ll leave with the prospect of securing a position on our Deloitte Graduate Program, ready for you when you graduate.

The Trainee program is a unique three-year opportunity that combines mentoring, training and networking opportunities with real career experience. You will work alongside industry leaders who are truly experts in their field and passionate about their work. With the wide array of projects, clients and practices at our firm, there is an opportunity to learn and grow in any area you choose.

For more information, visit

PwC offers four different programs for graduates and students – PwC Graduate Program, PwC Vacation Program, PwC Trainee Program and PwC Legal Clerkship Program.

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Deloitte offers two different programs for graduates and students – Deloitte Graduate Learning Academy and the Deloitte Vacationer Internship Program. As part of your journey with Deloitte, you will get a chance to immerse yourself in our award-winning development program, called Graduate Learning Academy, which will provide you with the tools and training you’ll need to drive your career experience. You’ll also receive a dedicated coach to help guide your career journey, along with ongoing mentoring, peer support, and e-learning to continue your personal and professional development.

If you’re in your penultimate year of university (that’s second to last) in an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, our Vacation Program offers you valuable career experience at the heart of our business. The program runs over three to eight weeks (length will vary across our offices) and includes full time work experience during the university break.

www2.deloitte.com/au/en/careers/careers-at-deloitte.html.Foren/pages/careers/articles/students.html.https://www2.deloitte.com/au/moreinformationaboutcareersatDeloitte,https://

If you’re in your final year of study or have completed an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, the Graduate Program offers you a full-time placement at PwC. Accelerate your career by tackling challenges with some of the largest organisations within Australia, helping fight inequality, develop sustainable infrastructures and build financial trust in the economy. The program will seat you right at the heart of PwC. You’ll work closely with our professionals and clients to solve some of today’s most important problems.

The Legal Clerkship Program is a three-to-six week program open to law students in their second last year or final year of study. Through the Legal Clerkship you’ll build your skills and networks whilst working with our lawyers on client engagements. You’ll gain invaluable exposure to the fundamentals of commercial law in one or more of our key pillars - Corporate Advisory, Regulatory, Employer and Workplace Relations, Projects & Finance, and Legal Tax Services.

I chose PwC as it is a well-established international firm with one of Australia’s top tax practices. I was able to work on Australia’s biggest deals during my internship which was a great way to build my legal skills and commercial awareness. PwC also has a great culture not only from a social perspective but also a career development perspective as everyone was genuinely interested in where I wanted to take my career. I also found that there was an abundance of opportunities to move around within the firm to other teams if you felt that you wanted to try something new or if you were not sure if you wanted to pursue a career in a traditional law firm. How did you manage stress/ nerves during the application process? Managing stress during the written application stage is to prepare early whether it is through initial research or making a start on the application early. For video interviews and final interviews, I found that preparing answers to common interview questions and having a bank of examples that I could draw upon for unexpected questions helped me stay prepared. I also practised answering questions out loud which was helpful in keeping my clam during the real thing. It is unlikely that you will receive technical questions and the STAR method is the best structure for answering questions.

I think that it is also a great opportunity for pre-penultimate students to gain experience before clerkships.

What is one piece of advice for students applying for vacationers? Demonstrate WHY you want to join PwC (or any of the other Big 4 firms) and HOW your studies or experiences will help you excel at PwC.

The day usually started off with checking emails, completing any tasks that I had to submit and messaging managers/directors/partners if they had any tasks that I could work on. I would also be in meetings getting briefed on a new project or in client calls to take minutes. There is a real variety of work as a vacationer, and I found that my team tried to get me involved in a range of projects which made the whole experience quite interesting. There were also plenty of team lunches and coffee runs! What was the highlight of your vacationer experience?

What does a typical day look like?

Since PwC is a multidisciplinary firm, you should tailor your CV and application questions to the specific division you are applying for. One of the key benefits of applying to a big 4 accounting firm is that they understand that students may not have corporate and/or legal experiences. They are really looking for whether you have the soft skills to learn in one of their teams. I think my application stood out because I was able to show why I wanted to join their tax practice and how my experiences (legal and/or non-legal) could help me succeed in that role. Showing enthusiasm and genuine interest by researching the firm helped me create a strong application. Why did you choose your firm?

The highlight of my experience was being able to work on headline deals and work on international matters. We worked on very complex transactions collaborating with various teams within the firm both domestically and internationally. It was also great having supportive managers that really cared about my learning and gave tips on how to secure that graduate role.

What do you think made your application stand out?

Why pursue a career at one of the Big Four?

The big four are the largest professional services firms in the world and they have outstanding global capabilities. As they are multidisciplinary, you are constantly working with different teams that you learn from during the process. They invest into your training and are usually quite open and supportive if you ever wanted to try out a new area or team within the firm. If you are particularly interested in becoming a tax lawyer, the big four firms are industry leaders and many tax consultants at the big four accounting firms end up as tax lawyers or consultants in top law firms, investment banks, private equity firms and managed funds.

Please describe your vacationer experience in 3 words. Challenging, insightful and fun.

65Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Jayden Hwang PwC Tax and Legal Vacationer (Stamp Duty) 2021/22

A career at a big firm is unique in that it differs from traditional firms in the industry. It provides the opportunity to collaborate internally with varying service lines and leverage the diversity of thought, perspective and background that flows from collaboration. What is one piece of advice for students applying for vacationers Use your application to show the firm that you are more than just a ‘good’ student by giving them an insight into your unique character.

Please describe your vacationer experience in 3 words. Enjoyable. Meaningful. Rewarding.

• Carrying out legal research

• Attending a team huddle to discuss workflow and upcoming projects

• Attending a client meeting with a supervisor and recording key notes

66 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Charlie Jabbour Deloitte Vacationer 2021/22

What was the highlight of your vacationer experience? Whilst my vacationer program was overwhelmingly positive, the highlight of my experience was the opportunity to engage with significant clients and assist in solving the increasingly nuanced issues they experience in today’s commercial landscape.

• Drafting engagement letters, advice, business activity statements and income returns

What do you think made your application stand out?

The application process is no doubt a stressful process. Adequate preparation, confidence in your ability and trusting that the right opportunity will come were key to overcoming the stress and nerves of the application process. What does a typical day look like?

Standing out as an applicant amongst countless other applicants can be difficult. Whilst possessing technical knowledge is an advantage, showcasing your soft skills, positive attitude, and willingness to learn is crucial in setting you apart as a candidate. Why did you choose your firm?

Deloitte appealed to me as a firm for several reasons. I was drawn to the strong collaborative element that comes with working at a full-service professional firm that very often involves working with varying Deloitte service lines.

• Listening in on teleconferences with key business stakeholders

A typical day as a vacationer may involve the following:

• Attending social events with colleagues

Why pursue a career at one of the Big four?

The opportunity to work on some of the most challenging yet intriguing issues experienced by clients in the industry, both locally and globally, appealed to me. I also learnt of the extensive support system Deloitte provided to its vacationers, where I was allocated a counselling partner, mentoring coach and buddy that were immensely helpful throughout the program. How did you manage stress/ nerves during the application process?

67Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

The banking system is vital to our country’s economy and world economies. It is the backbone of our country’s financial and economic system. During Covid-19, and when many places were under lockdown, a few of our vital systems continued serving. Banks were one of them. Therefore, in today’s vast economic system, we cannot think of a day without banks.

GRADUATE AND STUDENT PROGRAMS

Summer Intern Program will give you an understanding of the way they operate on a global level, touch on every division of their business and explore how global factors influence their day-to-day operations. For more information, visit https://www.anz.com.au/ Forcareers/programs/graduatesmoreinformationaboutcareers at ANZ, visit https:// www.anz.com.au/careers/

CommBank offers two different programs for graduates and students – the Summer Intern Program and the Graduate Program. Designed to attract the best and brightest, CommBank’s Graduate Program is a challenging and rewarding way to kick-start a long-term career with them. It is an 18-month program where you’ll complete a rotational program to help you to learn about different parts of your selected Business Area. At the end of the program, you’ll be supported to find a role that best suits your capabilities and interests.

The Summer Intern Program runs for 10 weeks from late November to early February. You’ll enjoy an intensive introduction to life at CommBank, learn how they operate, get involved in great projects and meet inspirational people who’ll help you put your career on the right path. For more information, visit https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us/careers.htmlForhtml?ei=Graduatescom.au/about-us/careers/graduate-intern-programs.https://www.commbank.moreinformationaboutcareersatCommBank,visit

Banking Firms

Banking law deals with the contractual relationship between lenders and borrowers. Banks are only one type of intermediary. Today, in addition to banks, there are several other important types of financial intermediaries. These include savings institutions, credit institutions, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds and real estate investment trusts to name a few. All these result in huge demand for the services of legal professionals as every major financial transaction requires the supervision of a law officer or a legal analyst.

ANZ offers two different programs for graduates and students – the Summer Intern Program and the Graduate ANZ’sProgram.24-month rotational Graduate Program is designed to provide you with critical experiences and skills to successfully build your career after which, you will move into a permanent role within the bank and contribute towards ANZs continuing success. ANZ’s graduates will also be provided extensive exposure to supportive coaching, peer-to-peer learning, mentoring, training, networking, and sponsorship from senior Theleaders.8-week

NAB’s Summer Internship is for undergraduate and postgraduate students in their second last year of study. It’s an eight-week paid program run over the university summer break. You’ll discover what it’s like to learn and work at one of Australia’s largest and most successful financial institutions. You’ll not only gain insights into the banking and finance industry, but you’ll be provided with career coaching to help you figure out what you want from your career and how to achieve it. The program focuses on employability and future skills development that will compliment your study and set you up for future career success.

In the Graduate Program, you will be provided with loads of learning and support to help you make the most of the experience. You’ll complete a rotational program to help you to learn about different parts of your business area. It’s packed full of different roles, teams and project experiences. At the end of your program, you’ll be supported to find a role that best suits your capabilities and interests.

During the 10 to 12-week Summer Intern Program, you’ll get to work on real projects from your first day, develop and utilise new skills, explore interesting fields and do challenging work. Put your learnings to work in a global business, build a professional network and learn from business leaders.

Join the Winter Development Program in Macquarie Capital, where you will gain exposure to the global corporate M&A, advisory, investing, development and equities capabilities. You’ll get insight into transactions across the full spectrum of capital solutions from debt, equity, and private capital raising and financing to investing Macquarie’s own capital to enable new opportunities.

For more information, visit www.nab.com.au/about-us/careersForabout-us/careers/early-careershttps://www.nab.com.au/moreinformationaboutcareersatNAB,visithttps://

For more information, visit https://www.macquarie.com/au/en/careers/graduates-and-interns.html

The Graduate Program offers a learning environment designed to create Macquarie’s future leaders. The 12 to 24-month structured program is designed with your interests in mind. You’ll receive hands-on and formal training, be supported and mentored by your peers and leaders, as well as through the Graduate Development Program.

Westpac offers two different programs for graduates and students – the Summer Intern Program and the Graduate Program.

For more information, visit https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/careers/Forau/about-westpac/careers/pathways/grad-program/https://www.westpac.com.moreinformationaboutcareersatWestpac,visit

Macquarie offers three different programs for graduates and students – the Graduate Program, the Summer Internship Program and the Winter Development Program.

NAB offers two different programs for graduates and students – the Summer Intern Program and the Graduate YouProgram.can complete a tailored Graduate Program designed to give you broad experience, introducing you to all aspects of life at one of Australia’s largest and most successful financial institutions. You’ll also undertake rotations where you’ll build the critical capabilities and professional skills to grow a successful career. From day one, you’ll play an integral role in delivering for their customers and contributing to NAB’s strategic priorities.

Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

For more information about careers at Macquarie, visit https://www.macquarie.com/au/en/careers.html

Joining the 10-week Summer Internship Program is a great way to explore a career with Westpac Group, and get a taste of what it’s like to work with them. Designed so that you get a real insight into the diverse opportunities at Westpac Group – the summer intern program gives you what you need to make an informed career decision.

69 Support ResourcesOrganisations 5 Fair RightsWork

70 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Situation Information Help Contact Details remunerationMinimum The Legal Services Award 2020 covers virtually all roles that involve legal work, and assigns a minimum hourly rate in accordance with the various jobs available. Fair Work Ombudsman anonymous-reporthelp/how-we-help-you/gov.au/how-we-will-https://www.fairwork. Notice Terminationof As a part-time or full-time employment.beforelengthleave,as1-4employersemployee,mustprovideweeksnotice,aswellpayandoutstandingbasedontheofyourtenure,terminatingyour Fair OmbudsmanWork anonymous-reporthelp/how-we-help-you/gov.au/how-we-will-https://www.fairwork.EndingEmploymentfairwork.gov.au/https://calculate. HarassmentSexual Sexual employeeofworkplaces,favoursrequestsconductadvances,unwelcomedinvolvesharassmentanysexualsexualorunwelcomedforsexualandisillegalinallregardlesstheharassed’sstatus. Australian Human Rights Anti-DiscriminationCommission NSW aspxadb1makingacomplaint/enquiries.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/https://www.antidiscrimination.1800complaintau/complaints/make-https://humanrights.gov.670812

71Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Situation Information Help Contact Details Discrimination State and Federal legislation employment.applicationincludingstagescareridentity,race,basisdiscriminationprohibitsontheofsex,disability,sexuality,gendermaritalstatusandresponsibilityinallofemploymentrecruitment,joboutcomesand Anti-Discrimination NSW 1800 670 aspxadb1makingacomplaint/enquiries.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/https://www.antidiscrimination.812 Victimisation Victimisation refers to subjecting or threatening to subject a person to some form of detriment because that person wishes to or has lodged a complaint of discrimination or harassment. NSWAnti-Discrimination 1800 670 aspxadb1makingacomplaint/enquiries.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/https://www.antidiscrimination.812

72 Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide Counselling services Lifeline (13 11 14) Beyond Blue (1300 22 4636) Sexual assault specialist serivce 1800RESPECT (1800 737 732) NSW Legal Aid P: 1300 888 529 Salvos Legal Humanitarian Service P: (02) 8202 888 528 Women’s Legal Service P: (02) 8745 6988 Youth Law Australia P: (02) 9385 9588 Justice Connect P: (02) 8599 2100 Fair Work Anonymous https://coronavirus.fairwork.gov.au/Fairemployement-standards/fair-work-information-statementhttps://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-Fairanonymous-reporthttps://www.fairwork.gov.au/how-we-will-help/how-we-help-you/ReportingWorkInformationStatementWorkCOVID-19Measures Resources

73Macquarie University Law Society | Careers Guide

With special thanks to

Macquarie University Law Society 2022 Careers Guide